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2.0 Weather Dynamics Class Notes Fall 2016 Part 1.notebook 1 January 09, 2017 Title WEATHER DYNAMICS Discovery Channel: The Ultimate Guide: Extreme Weather (50m) “Climate is what you expect. Weather is what you get.” Global Weather Model Outcomes Earth and Space Science: Weather Dynamics KNOWLEDGE OUTCOMES: Energy transfer: >within the Hydrosphere and Atmosphere heat sinks air and water currents >development, severity, and movement of weather systems >Meteorology SKILLS OUTCOMES: Data collection & analysis

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Page 1: 2.0 Weather Dynamics Class Notes Fall 2016 Part …clogankvhs.weebly.com/uploads/7/8/6/8/78684366/2.0_weather... · Earth and Space Science: Weather Dynamics ... Draw and label a

2.0 Weather Dynamics Class Notes Fall 2016 Part 1.notebook

1

January 09, 2017

Title

WEATHER DYNAMICS

Discovery Channel: The Ultimate Guide: Extreme Weather (50m)

“Climate is what you expect. Weather is what you get.”

Global Weather Model

Outcomes

Earth and Space Science: Weather Dynamics

KNOWLEDGE OUTCOMES:• Energy transfer:

 >within the Hydrosphere and Atmosphere  –heat sinks  –air and water currents

 >development, severity, and movement of weather systems >Meteorology

SKILLS OUTCOMES:• Data collection & analysis

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2.0 Weather Dynamics Class Notes Fall 2016 Part 1.notebook

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January 09, 2017

Weather vs Climate

Weather and ClimateWeather:

Climate:

Crash Course: Weather & Climate (4m30s)

Energy

EnergyThe Sun provides a steady stream of several different kinds of energy. 

Its light allows plants to grow in the biosphere, while its heat fuels our planet's weather systems!

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Planet's Spheres

• Weather systems happen because of the ways that heat transfers between and moves within the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere.

Earth's Spheres

Heat

• Particle collisions• Solid: metal/rock• Small role in weather

ConductionRadiation• Waves• No material needed• Solar energy

• Moving particles• Liquid or gas• Currents created

Convection

• energy can be transferred 3 ways• each play some role in weather

Energy/Heat Transfer

The amount of heat energy an object has depends on how many particles it's made of, and how fast they move/vibrate.

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2.0 Weather Dynamics Class Notes Fall 2016 Part 1.notebook

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January 09, 2017

Reflection/Absorption

Reflection and absorption of energy• depends on each material's albedo (reflectivity).

Energy/Heat Transfer

Low albedo = absorbs energyDark surfacesEx: Forests, deep water...

High albedo = reflects energyLight surfaces Ex: Snow, ice... 

Energy Balance

Google Maps ‐ KVHS

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January 09, 2017

Global Albedo

Sinks and Heat Capacity

Any material that absorbs heat energy and warms up is called a heat sink. A heat sink holds heat like a regular sink holds water.

Heat capacity is a measurement of how much heat energy it takes to increase the temperature of a specific material. 

Energy/Heat Transfer

Is water a better heat sink than land? Explain.

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p. 507 #1,3,4,5,8

p. 507 #1,3,4,5,8

p. 507 #1, 3, 4, 5, 8

1. Explain why conduction and convection cannot occur in space.

3. Does warm water rise or fall in cold water? Explain why.

4. Explain why convection does not occur in solids.

5. Explain why rocks and soil are poor heat sinks.

8. Describe what would happen to the temperature on Earth if the amount of energy reflected back to space a) increased to 80%b) decreased to 5%

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January 09, 2017

Weather Factors

• If the amount of incoming energy from the Sun doesn't really change, how can the weather be so different around the planet and from day to day?

Weather Factors

Weather Factors

Weather FactorsThere are a few main factors that influence weather... Differences in these factors account for all of the possible conditions you experience. 

1) Latitude2) Cloud cover3) Wind & air currents4) Bodies of water5) The water cycle6) Geographic features

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January 09, 2017

Earth's Surface

Earth's surface is about 70% water and 30% land. 

Latitude & Longitude

Tropics

Equator

Pole

Pole

Location on Earth is measured using...Longitude: vertical lines measure East & WestLatitude: horizontal lines measure North & South

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January 09, 2017

Seasons & Radiation

Crash Course: Seasons (4:52)

Bill Nye: Seasons (4:45)

Angle of Sunlight

The equator receives the most solar radiation year‐round, and therefore heats up the most. Also, notice that most of the equator is water, which holds heat well!

Earth Simulation: Temperature

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Planets' Atmospheres

Cloud CoverThe atmosphere is like the planet's blanket ‐ it insulates the surface by helping to trap just the right amount of heat. Different chemicals including water store energy differently, so the amount and composition of the atmosphere matters!

Energy Balance

Cloud CoverClouds play a big role in maintaining this energy balance. • Cooling: they reflect a portion and absorb a portion of incoming radiation from the Sun• Warming: they trap in heat rising from the surface of the planet

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How Clouds are Made

Clouds are made a few different ways, but they all have one thing in common: they are made through convection• Warm moist air rises, cools, and condenses into water droplets

Cloud Cover

Cloud Classification

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January 09, 2017

Atmos & Clouds Questions

Practice QuestionsAnswers are in section 13.4 and 13.11 of the textbook.

1. Copy the pie chart showing the gases of the atmosphere into your notes, including the note below it.

2. The atmosphere has layers ‐ in which layer does weather occur? How big is this layer? How does it vary over the globe?

3. What is the definition of atmospheric pressure? Where is it highest? Where is it lowest?

4. Draw and label a diagram that shows how clouds form.

5. The equator gets more of the Sun's energy than anywhere else on the planet, but it's actually slightly cooler than the rest of the Tropics. Explain how this could be possible.

Wed Nov 30

Wednesday, Nov 30th

• Energy & Latitude Quiz

• Factors that Influence Weather:• Handout & Practice Questions• Heat in the Water Cycle• Types of Precipitation

Quiz Next Wednesday on other factors

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The Water Cycle

Energy

Liquid water gains energy from the Sun directly or from the surroundings (air or land). This causes water molecules to move more quickly and evaporate. The vapour rises thanks to convection, and it condenses back into a liquid as it cools higher in the atmosphere. 

• When substances change state, the amount of heat energy in them changes too. Gases contain the most heat energy, liquids a bit less, and solids even less.

• Heat energy is taken in by water when ice melts and liquids evaporate. Heat energy is lost by water when vapour condenses into liquid water and when liquid water freezes into ice.

Energy in the Water Cycle

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Clouds

Not all clouds cause precipitation (rain, snow, etc) because most water droplets are small enough to be held up and carried by air molecules. When a large enough volume of water droplets build up in a cloud, they clump together and form bigger drops. Eventually they are heavy enough that gravity pulls them down toward the ground.

Types of Precipitation