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Shale & Tight

ReservoirSimulation

Jim Erdle - VP/USA & LA

OCTOBER 2012

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AGENDA

How CMGs simulators are being uso Shale/Tight reservoir modelling features

o Shale/Tight reservoir modelling workflows

How other simulators are being used

Shale Operators using CMGs simul SPE References

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CMGS PRODUCTSIMEXBlack Oil reservoir simulator

GEMEOS-compositional reservoir simulatorSTARSThermal/Reactive-Transport reservoir s

GEOMECHGeomechanics simulator (GEM & S

BUILDERModel creation/editing GUI

RESULTSSimulator output display GUIWINPROPPVT modelling

CMOSTSA, UA, Aided History-Matching & Opti

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MODELLING FEATURES PVT

o Black Oil treatment (IMEX) primary production of dry gas, wet gas, black oil, vola

condensate reservoir fluids

o Multi-component EOS Treatment (GEM)

Adds ability to model Multi-Component fluids includingases (e.g. CO2, H2S, acid gas, Flue Gas & N2) for E

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MODELLING FEATURES

Single vs Dual Porosityo Single Porosity if no open

natural fractures

o Dual Permeability if open

natural fractures

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MODELLING FEATURES Adsorped Components

o Single gas component (new in IMEX for 20o Multiple gas or oil components (GEM)

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MODELLING FEATURES

Diffusiono Multi-component molecular diffusion (GEM

Competitive with darcy flow in some very low mat

situations

Injection of solvents to aid liquid recovery (e.g. CO

propane, etc.) Sequestration of CO2, acid gas, etc.

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MODELLING FEATURES

Relative Perm & Capillary Pressureo Independent curves for matrix, natural frac

propped fractures Usually straight line for natural & propped fracs

Matrix can be oil-wet or water-wet (which is it?)

Can include hysteresis if modelling solvent inject Can also include wettability alteration via relative

permeability interpolation (new in GEM for 2012)

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MODELLING FEATURES Compaction/Dilation

o Pressure-dependent Compaction/Dilation tablemodelling degradation of permeability & poros In propped fractures, natural fractures & matrix, includ

hysteresis for modelling shut-in periods

o Effective Stress-dependent Compaction/Dilatio

when using GEOMECH (GEM) Barton-Bandis approach for modelling of natural fract

Effective Stress

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MODELLING FEATURES Compaction/Dilation

Unpropped Fracture

Compaction Table

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tivityMultiplier

Propped Fracture

Compaction Table

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MODELLING FEATURES

Initial Fluid Saturationso Non-equilibrium initialization of fluids for

modelling presence and flowback of frac fl

propped & natural fractures

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MODELLING FEATURES Explicit Gridding of Propped Fracture

o LS-LR-DK (TARTAN) grids to model proppe

o Single Plane or Complex geometry

o Non-Darcy flow in propped fracs

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MODELLING FEATURES Explicit Gridding of Propped Fractu

Single Plane geometry Complex geometry

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MODELLING FEATURES Explicit Gridding of Propped Fractures

o Automatic generation of TARTAN grids (BUILD

o SRV delineation (BUILDER) Import & Filtering of Micro Seismic data

Interactive selection on simulation grid display

o

TARTAN grids can be applied to any parent grid Cartesian & Corner Point Grids

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MODELLING FEATURES Explicit Gridding of Propped Fractu

Hydraulic Fracture Wizard Microseismic W

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MODELLING FEATURES Time-dependent Propped Fractures

o TARTAN grids can be added when wells are Dont have to put all grids in place at beginning of ru

Efficient way to model re-fracs & multi-well models

o Compaction/Dilation Tables (with Hysteresis)

time-dependent (coming in Dec 2012)

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MODELLING WORKFLOW

2. Build single well

base models

5. Build multi-wellmodels

3. Perform

on single

models4. Forecast

single w

6. Perform

multi-we

1. Choose CMG simulator

with required physics

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Base Case Results Initial model with assumed values does

not match historical production data

o Too much gasproducedo Not enough waterproduced

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Sensitivity Analysis using CMOS

Reservoir parameter uncertainty

o Fracture Permeability

o Fracture Width

o Pressure Dependent Permeability of Fracture (CRO

o Langmuir Adsorption parameters

o Diffusivity

o Initial Water Saturation in Fractures (to model water

HF fluid)

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Sensitivity Analysis using CMOS

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History Match Error Reductio

Objective Function Error Reduced from 55% to

2

i h i l

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History MatchFinal Resu

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History MatchFinal Resu History match error reduction

o Overall HM error reduced from 55% to 1.4%o Final Gas Rate Match error = 0.70%

o Final Water Rate Match error = 2.13%

Total Calendar Time to complete HM

o Engineering Time = 10 hourso Computing Time = 15 hours (8 concurrent 2-way p

o Total calendar time = 25 hours

ANOTHER APPROACH TO GRIDD

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Representation of Single-Plane Propped Fracto Some are using Logarithmically Refined grids over entire

both X & Y directions (LS-GR-DK grids) to model single-

Mangum

0 10 0 20 0 3 00 4 00 5 00 6 00 7 00 8 00 9 00 1 ,0 00 1, 10 0 1 ,2 00 1, 30 0 1, 40 0 1 ,5 00

0 10 0 20 0 3 00 4 00 5 00 6 00 7 00 8 00 9 00 1 ,0 00 1, 10 0 1 ,2 00 1, 30 0 1, 40 0 1 ,5 00

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0.00 180.00 360.00 feet

0.00 55.00 110.00 meters

File: ECLIPSE_Global Grid Refine .User: kpatelDate: 7/27/12

Scale: 1:2374Y/X: 1.00:1Axis Units: ft

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Porosity 2011-07-24 K layer: 1

Mangum

- 10 0 0 1 00 2 00 3 00 4 00 5 00 6 00 7 00 8 00 9 00 1 ,0 00 1, 10 0 1 ,2 00

- 10 0 0 1 00 2 00 3 00 4 00 5 00 6 00 7 00 8 00 9 00 1 ,0 00 1, 10 0 1 ,2 00

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Porosity 2011-07-24 K layer: 1

Global Logarithmic Grids CMGs TARTAN G


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TARTAN grids = Same Results in 1/10 th


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TARTAN grids = Same Results in 1/10 th

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USING CMG FOR SHALE/TIGHT RESER Anadarko

Apache

BG Group BHP Billiton

BP

Chesapeake

Chevron

Devon

Encana EOG

ExxonMobil

Marathon

Matador

Noble Energy

Reliance Rosetta Resources

Samson

Shell

Statoil

Talisman

Total Venoco

Vitruvian

XTO

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SPE REFERENCES CSUG/SPE 148710-PP Shale Gas Modeling W

From Microseismic to SimulationA Horn Ri

Studyo Joint paper with CMG and NEXEN

IPTC-14940 Evaluation in Data Rich Fayattev

Gas PlaysIntegrating Physics-based ReserSimulations with Data Driven Approaches for

Uncertainty Reductiono by Yitian Xiao et al (ExxonMobil) presented at 2012 IPT

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SPE REFERENCES SPE 147596 Shale Oil Production Perform

a Stimulated Reservoir Volumeo by A.S. Chaudhary, C. Economides & R. Wattenbarge

presented at 2011 ATCE - Denver

SPE 146975 Heat Transfer Applications fo

Stimulated Reservoir Volumeo by S. Thoram & C. Economides (TAMU) presented at

Denver

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SPE REFERENCES

SPE 132093 Accurate Simulation of Non-D

in Stimulated Fractured Shale Gas Reservoo by B. Rubin (CMG) presented at 2010 WRMAnahi

Th k !

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Thank you!

Any Questions?

Documents

20121205163502065462