21 bi tp ha hu c dnh cho hc sinh gii
21 bi tp ha hu c dnh cho hc sinh gii
Cu1. a. C su hirocacbon kh A,B,C,D,E,F u c %C =85,71
Xc nh tn su hirocacbon
b. Ln lt cho su hirocacbon vo Br2 trong CCl4 khng chiu sng th
thy A,B,C,D tc dng rt nhanh. E tac sdng chm hn, cn F th hu nh khng
phn ng. Cc sn phm thu c t kh B v C l nhng ng phn quang hc khng i
quang cu nhau. Khi cho tc dng vi hiro (ni ,t) th A,B ,C u cho cng
mt sn phm G. B c nhit cao hn C . Xc nh tn su hirocacbon trn. Gii
thch?
(p n 406)
Cu2. T mtan v cc cht v c cn thit khc vit phwong trnh phn ng iu
ch :
O
O
Cu3. Cht X ( C8H16O) cho phn ng idfom nhng khng phn ng cng hiro.
Khi un nng X vi H2SO4 c ngoi sn phm chinhs Y l (C8H14) cn thu c
1,2- imetyl xiclohexen. Oxi ho Y ri thc hin phn ng cacboxyl ho th
thu c sn phm metyl xiclopentan. Y khng c ng phn hnh hc. Xc nh cng
thc cu to ca X v giI thch s hnh thnh 1,2 -imetyl xiclohexen.
Cu4. Vit cng thc cu to 4 hp cht hu c cha 2 nguyn t hiro, u phn
ng vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 d. Vit phng trnh phn ng ( cht hu c cha
C.H.O )
Cu5. Vit cng thc cu to v gi tn cht A cha C,H, O bit rng t chy 1
mol A cn 1 mol Oxi thu uc 1 mol CO2 v 1 mol H2O . Thc hin s trc tip
sau vi A : A ( X ( H2 . X c th l nhng cht no?Vit cc phn ng xy
ra?
Cu6. Bn cht hu c A, B,C ,D c cng thc C4H4O4 cha hai nhm chc u tc
dng vi NaOH trong :
- Cht A, B to ra mui v nc, B c ng phn hnh hc
- Cht C to ra mui + ancol.
- Cht D to ra mui + anehit + H2O
Xc nh cng thc cu to bn cht v vit phng trnh phn ng
Cu7. t chy hirocacbon A cho CO2 v nc theo t l mol 1,75 : 1 v th
tch,cho bay hI hon ton gam hp cht A thu c th tch hi bng 3,52 gam O2
trong cng iu kin.
Cho 20,7 gam A tc dng vi AgNO3 d thu c 68,8 kt ta B
Hirocccbon A phn ng vi HCK cho cht C cha 59,66 % clo trong phn t
. Cho cht C phn ng vi Br2 theo t l mol 1:1 c chi sng v un nng ch
thu c 2 dn xut halogen.
Vit cng thc cu to ca A v C?
p n 393.
Cu8.Trong cc cht sau , cht no c ng phn hnh hc
- 2-brom-3-clo but-2-en
- 1-brom -1- clo -2 metyl-propen
- pent-3-en-1-in
-CH3 CH=C=CH-CH3- CH3CBr=C=C=CClCH3
Cu9. Hp cht hu c X c cu to khng vng c cng thc phn t C4H7Cl v c
cu hnh trans tc dng vi NaOH trong iu kin un nng thu c hn hp sn phm
bn B c cng thc C4H8O . Xc nh X?
Cu10. Cho but-2-en vo dung dch HBr , C2H5OH ho tan trong nc thu
c cht g? Trnh by c ch to thnh cc cht trn?
Cu 11. 1) Hp cht hu c (A) cha 2 nguyn t, c khi lng mol 150 <
MA < 170. t chy hon ton m gam A thu c m gam H2O. A khng lm mt mu
Brm, khng phn ng vi Br2 khi c bt Fe, t0; phn ng vi Br2 khi chiu
sng. un nng A vi dung dch KMnO4 d, sau khi axit ha sn phm c cht hu
c (X). un nng (X) c cht hu c (Y) cha 2 nguyn t. Tm CTCT ca A, X, Y.
Vit phng trnh phn ng.
2) Khi cho 1 hidrocacbon (A) tc dng vi Br2 ch thu c mt dn xut
(B) cha Br2 c t khi hi i vi khng kh l 5,207.
a) Tm CTPT ca (A), (B)
b) C, D l 2 ng phn v tr ca B. un nng mi cht B, C, D vi dung dch
c KOH/C2H5OH th B khng thay i, trong khi C v D u cho cng sn phm E c
CTPT l C5H10. Oxi ha E bng dung dch KMnO4 trong mi trng axit thi c
1 axit v 1 Xeton. Tm CTCT ca B, C, D, E v vit cc phng trnh phn
ng.
Cu 12.1.Cho H2SO4 m c vo C2H5OH c mt cc ht ct nh trong mt bnh
cu, un nng hn hp 1800c, dn kh thu c qua bnh ng dung dch nc vi
trong, v sau cho qua bnh ng dung dch thuc tm.
V sao phi dng nhng ht ct trong qu trnh un ?
Hn hp trong bnh cu c mu g sau phn ng ?
V sao phi cho kh sinh ra qua dung dch nc vi trong ?
D on hin tng xy ra bnh ng dung dich thuc tm bit dng 18,4 g
C2H5OH v 50 g thuc tm. Hiu sut ca qu trnh tch nc l 75%.
2. Ba ng phn C5H12 c nhit si ln lt l 9,50C; 280C ; 360C . Hy cho
bit cu to ca mi ng phn tng ng vi nhit si trn v sp xp 3 ng phn trn
theo bn nhit phng. Gii thch ?Cu 13. 1Khi cho isobutilen vo dung dch
H2SO4 60%, un nng ti 80oC thu c hn hp gi tt l i-isobutilen gm hai
cht ng phn A v B (A chim t l cao hn B). Hiro ho hn hp ny c hp cht C
quen gi l isooctan. C l cht c dng nh gi nhin liu lng.
Xc nh A,B,C v vit c ch phn ng gii thch s to thnh A, B, C.
2. A l mt anken. Sau khi ozon phn A cho sn phm hu c duy nht l
CH3CHO. Khi cho A cng hp brom trong bnh lm bng vt liu phn cc ch to
ra sn phm l mt ng phn khng quang hot. Hy cho bit cu trc ca A v cu
trc ca sn phm to thnh trong sn phm cng brom ca A. t chy hon ton mt
hidrocacbon A ri hp th ht sn phm chy vo bnh ng nc vi trong, nhn thy
khi lng bnh tng thm 26,24 g v 20 g kt ta. Lc kt ta, un si nc lc li
thu c 10 g kt ta na. Khi cho cht A ng bng lng t trn phn ng ht vi kh
Clo 300oc thu c hn hp kh C gm 4 dn xut cha clo ca A, l ng phn ca
nhau vi hiu sut 100%. Hn hp C c t khi hi so vi H2 nh hn 93. Xc nh
cng thc cu to ca A v tnh hm lng % ca mi cht trong C .
Bit t s tc phn ng th nguyn t H CI: CII :CIII = 1 : 3,3 :
4,4.
Cu 14.
1. Cho 4 hp cht: but-1-in; 3,3-dimetyl but -1-in; etyl bromua v
tert butyl bromua.
Dng phn ng th ca ankin u mch vi NaNH2 trong NH3 lng, hy chn nhng
hp cht thch hp t cc hp cht cho trn iu ch ra 2,2-dimetyl hex-3-in.
Gii thch bng phng trnh phn ng?
2. un nng neopentyl iotua trong axit fomic (l dung mi c kh nng
ion ha cao), phn ng chm to thnh sn phm chnh l 2-metyl but-2-en. Hy
trnh by c ch phn ng.
3. Hidro ho mt cht X (C7H10) khng quang hot thu c cht Y (C7H16)
cng khng quang hot c t l tng s nguyn t H trn cacbon bc hai vi tng s
nguyn t H trn cacbon bc mt l 2:3. X tc dng c vi dung dch AgNO3
trong NH3 to kt ta v tc dng vi H2 c xc tc l Pd/PbCO3 to ra Z.
Andehyt oxalic l mt trong cc sn phm c to thnh khi ozon phn Z. Xc nh
cng thc cu to X, Y, Z. Vit phng trnh phn ng.
Cu 15.1. Phn ng th nguyn t halogen trong dn xut halogen bng nhm
OH xy ra theo nhng c ch no? Trnh by c ch tng qut?
2. Cc phn ng sau y xy ra theo c ch no? Gii thch? Phn ng no xy ra
nhanh hn trong tng cp sau y? Gii thch?
a. (CH3)3CI + CH3OH ( (CH3)3COCH3 + HI (1)
(CH3)3CCl + CH3OH ( (CH3)3COCH3 + HCl (2)
b. (CH3)3CBr + H2O ( (CH3)3COH + HBr (3)
(CH3)3CBr + CH3OH ( (CH3)3COCH3 + HBr (4)
c. (CH3)3CCl (1M) + CH3O( (0,01M) (CH3)3COCH3 + Cl( (5)
(CH3)3CCl (1M) + CH3O((0,001M) (CH3)3COCH3 + Cl( (6)d. (CH3)3CCl
+ H2O ( (CH3)3COH + HCl (7)
(CH3)2 C=CHCl + H2O ( (CH3)2C=CHOH + HCl(8)Cu 16.
Tin hnh oxi ho hon ton 1 th tch hi ancol A cn 9 th tch O2 cng iu
kin nhit , p sut, ri cho ton b sn phn hp th vo dung dch nc vi trong
d thy khi lng bnh nc vi tng 3,9g v c 6g kt ta to thnh. em A phn tch
ph th kt qu khng c tn hiu ca nhm -CH2-. A b oxi ho bi CuO to sn phm
khng tham gia phn ng trng gng.
1. Xc nh cng thc phn t, cng thc cu to ancol A.
2. X l ancol A bng dung dch H3PO4 85% c un nng thu c B. zon phn
B thu c axeton l sn phm hu c duy nht. Hy vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra
v c ch ca phn ng t A to ra B.Cu 17. Mt hn hp kh X, gm hai ankan A,
B k nhau trong dy ng ng v mt anken C c th tch bng 5,04 lt ( o ktc )
sc qua bnh ng nc brom th phn ng va vi 12,0g brom.
1.Xc nh cng thc phn t v thnh phn phn trm cc cht A, B v C c trong
hn hp kh X, bit rng 11,6g hn hp kh X lm mt mu va 16,0g brom.
2.t chy hon ton 11,6g hn hp kh X, sn phm thu c sau phn ngc dn ht
vo bnh Y cha 2 lt dung dch NaOH 0,3M. Hi:
Khi lng bnh Y tng ln hay gim xung? Bao nhiu gam?
Tnh khi lng nhng cht c trong bnh Y
Cu 18. Hp hp cht hu c A n chc c cha C, H, O trong %C = 40% v %H
= 6,67%. Thc hin mt s phn ng sau vi hp cht (A).
Th nghim 1: Cho (A) vo ddNaOH to ra cht (B) v cht (C).
Th nghim 2: Cho axit HCl vo (B) th to ra cht (D)
Th nghim 3: Oxi ho (C) th cui cng cng to ra (D)
a. Vit CTTN, CTPT (A)
b. ngh CTCT (A) sao cho ph hp 3 th nghim trn
c. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng cc th nghim 1, 2, 3
d. c tn theo danh php IUPAC cc cht A -> D
e. Trnh by c ch phn ng th nghim (1)
f. Vit phng trnh phn ng ca D vi H2SO4 , nng.
Cu 19. a) ot hoan toan Hidro cacbon A cho khi hoa tan 0,45 g A
trong 50 g C6H6 th nhiet o soi (dd)= 80,355OC (tsoi C6H6 =80,1OC).
Xac nh CTPT cua A biet hang so nghiem soi la 2,61.
b) Cho 20,7 g A phan ng hoan toan vi AgNO3/NH3 d c 68,85 g ket
tua. Mat khac A phan ng vi HCl cho B cha 59,66 % Clo trong phan t.
Cho B phan ng vi Br2/as, tO (t le mol 1:1) ch thu c 2 dan xuat
Halogen.Viet CT cau tao cua A, B. Viet cac phan ng.
c) ong phan D cua A khong lam nhat mau Br2/CCl4 nhng phan ng c
vi Br2/as va Br2/Fe,tO. Xac nh CTCT cua D va viet phng trnh phan
ng.Cu 20 :
Cu 4: Mt cht hu c A no mch h, phn t cha mt chc ru v cha chc
(COOH, c cng thc nguyn: (C4H6O5)na. Xc nh cng thc phn t v vit cng
thc cc ng phn c th c ca A
b. Xc nh cu to ng ca A, bit A tch nc cho hai sn phm ng phn B, C.
Vit cng thc cu to ca B, C.
c. So snh nhit nng chy v nhit si ca B, C. Gii thch?
d. So snh tnh axt gia B v C. Gii thch?
Cu 21. Cho s chuyn ho:
- Cho bit A, D l hai hp cht k tip nhau trong cng dy ng ng.
- A, B, E, D cho phn ng vi AgNO3/NH3 to kt ta Ag, trong lng Ag
sinh ra t A nhiu hn so vi cc cht cn li.
- A, B, C, D, E tc dng vi Cu(OH)2 (iu kin thch hp).
Hy xc nh A, B, C, D, E, F v vit cc phng trnh phn ng.
A
B
C
D
E
F
A, B, C, D, E, F l cc hp cht hu c
_1205444277.unknown
_1205444316.unknown
_1173791857.unknown
