23.1 Forging a New Deal23.1 Forging a New Deal

Restoring a Nations HopeRestoring a Nations Hope

►Roosevelt’s election prompted Roosevelt’s election prompted the 20the 20thth Amendment “lame- Amendment “lame-duck amendment”-President duck amendment”-President would now be sworn in on Jan. would now be sworn in on Jan. 20 instead of March.20 instead of March.

►A second Bonus March was A second Bonus March was staged on Washington.staged on Washington.

►This time campsites were This time campsites were provided for veterans and provided for veterans and Eleanor even went to visit Eleanor even went to visit them- different from Hoover.them- different from Hoover.

►FDR comforted the nation FDR comforted the nation through his “Fireside Chats.”through his “Fireside Chats.”

►He was much more reassuring He was much more reassuring than Hooverthan Hoover

First 100 DaysFirst 100 Days►FDR based some of the FDR based some of the

programs on work of agencies programs on work of agencies that controlled the economy that controlled the economy through WWI.through WWI.

►First he had to restore public First he had to restore public confidence in the nation’s confidence in the nation’s banks.banks.

►March 5, 1933 ordered a March 5, 1933 ordered a “bank holiday” for four days.“bank holiday” for four days.

►Congress then passed the Congress then passed the Glass-Steagall Banking Act Glass-Steagall Banking Act which created the FDIC.which created the FDIC.

►More people would now put More people would now put money back in banks, banks money back in banks, banks could then start loaning again.could then start loaning again.

►Securities and Exchange Securities and Exchange Commission regulated the Commission regulated the stock market-prevent another stock market-prevent another crash.crash.

►FDR then devalued currency FDR then devalued currency (took off gold standard) to (took off gold standard) to promote export trade.promote export trade.

►Harry Hopkins directed the Harry Hopkins directed the Federal Emergency Relief Federal Emergency Relief Administration-helped state Administration-helped state relief agencies.relief agencies.

►Civil Works Administration-put Civil Works Administration-put unemployed to work on unemployed to work on building projects.building projects.

►Civilian Conservation Corps-Civilian Conservation Corps-FDR’s favorite program FDR’s favorite program employed young men to work in employed young men to work in the outdoors.the outdoors.

►FDR also tried to help Native FDR also tried to help Native Americans-Indian Americans-Indian Reorganization Act- ended sale Reorganization Act- ended sale of tribal lands.of tribal lands.

►Harold Ickes directed the Public Harold Ickes directed the Public Works Administration built Works Administration built dams and bridges.dams and bridges.

►Agricultural Adjustment Agricultural Adjustment Administration helped farmers Administration helped farmers by paying them not to plant so by paying them not to plant so much.much.

►Raised farm prices.Raised farm prices.►Tennessee Valley Authority-Tennessee Valley Authority-

provided electricity to the provided electricity to the poorest area of the country.poorest area of the country.

Key Players of New DealKey Players of New Deal

►Raymond Moley, Adolf A. Raymond Moley, Adolf A. Berle, and Rexford G. Tugwell- Berle, and Rexford G. Tugwell- “brain trust.”“brain trust.”

►FDR appointed first woman FDR appointed first woman cabinet member-Frances cabinet member-Frances Perkins-Secretary of Labor.Perkins-Secretary of Labor.

►Hired African Americans to Hired African Americans to key posts as well-Mary key posts as well-Mary McLeod Bethune-advised FDR McLeod Bethune-advised FDR on programs that aided on programs that aided African Americans.African Americans.

Second New DealSecond New Deal

►Many felt the New Deal gave Many felt the New Deal gave too much power to the govt.too much power to the govt.

►1935 FDR launched the 1935 FDR launched the Second New Deal, involved Second New Deal, involved more social welfare.more social welfare.

►Works Progress Works Progress Administration improved Administration improved schools, playgrounds, etc.schools, playgrounds, etc.

►By 1930’s only 10% of rural By 1930’s only 10% of rural Americans had electricity.Americans had electricity.

►Rural Electrification Rural Electrification Administration brought that Administration brought that number to 25% in 4 years.number to 25% in 4 years.

►More electricity more demand More electricity more demand for consumer electric for consumer electric products, more employments products, more employments etc..etc..

► Social SecuritySocial Security Old-Age pensions 65 or olderOld-Age pensions 65 or older Unemployment insuranceUnemployment insurance Aid for dependent children, Aid for dependent children,

blind, and disabled.blind, and disabled.

1936 Election1936 Election

►Beat Republican Kansas Beat Republican Kansas Governor Alfred Landon in Governor Alfred Landon in landslide.landslide.

►Carried every state but Maine Carried every state but Maine and Vermont.and Vermont.