3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

  • Upload
    nini345

  • View
    215

  • Download
    0

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    1/249

    : - :

    :

    :

    :

    . () - . - .

    : : 3209009

    2011

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    2/249

    1

    1.1. ( &

    ).. 7-8

    1.1.1... 8-16

    1.1.2..

    . 17-19

    1.1.3.... 20-22

    1.2. Chicago,

    .

    1.2.1. Chicago.. 23-24

    1.2.2. Chicago... 24-27

    1.3. , . 28-37

    2.1.

    .... 38-40

    2.1.1..... 41-54

    2.1.2.

    .... 55-62

    2.1.3.... 63-72

    2.2.

    ... 73-84

    2.3. ..

    . 85-105

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    3/249

    2

    :

    3.1.

    . 106-126

    3.2. ..

    ... 127-150

    3.3. . 151-217

    :

    :

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    4/249

    3

    ,

    , , , .

    ,

    Georg Simmel, The Stranger, 1908

    , ,

    , , ,

    ,

    , .

    , 2011

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    5/249

    4

    ,

    , .

    ,

    , ,

    ,

    .

    , ,

    .

    ,

    .

    , , ,

    .

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    6/249

    5

    ,

    .

    , ,

    ,

    ,

    .

    , ,

    ;

    ,

    , ,

    ,

    ,

    .

    , , ,

    , :

    , ,

    .

    Chicago

    .

    .

    ,

    ,

    ,

    ,

    .

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    7/249

    6

    , ,

    .

    ,

    , ,

    ,

    ,

    ,

    ,

    .

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    8/249

    7

    1.1.

    ( & )

    , .

    , : ) ,

    , ) ,

    , , ) ,

    , ) ,

    ,

    .

    .

    , ,

    ( )

    (),

    .

    19

    ,

    . , ,

    , ,

    ,

    .

    , -

    , ,

    1.

    1. .: , , 1994, -

    , , , 1987 , , : . , 1982.

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    9/249

    8

    ,

    , ,

    , .

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    10/249

    9

    1.1.1. ,

    ,

    .

    ,

    ,

    , , .

    , 1821

    , ,

    1824 1887 413 , 1888 1900 14.278

    1901 1915 296.837 ,

    1922,

    2.

    1950 1960 ,

    , . ,

    , 3.

    , ( 1990), ,

    ,

    .

    , , , , ,

    ,

    .

    , ,

    , , ,

    .

    53.0004

    , .

    ,

    ,

    2. .: , ,

    , , 1987, . 325.

    3

    .., . 325-326.4www.bestnews.gr www.omogeneia.ana-mpa.gr

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    11/249

    10

    , ,

    ,

    , , ,

    . , , .

    5

    .

    , ,

    :

    6.

    , :

    , ,

    .

    .

    , ,

    ,

    .

    ,

    7.

    ,

    , ,

    ,

    ,

    , , ,

    5 , ,

    , (), ,

    , , , ,

    (), :

    , , ,

    , ( ), , 2009, . 20.

    6Nowok & Kupiszewska, 2005.

    7 , , ,

    , ( ), , 2009, . 18-19.

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    12/249

    11

    . ,

    , .

    1970 ,

    , . ,

    1989,

    ,

    8.

    9, 1974

    (, ,

    ),

    (,

    , ),

    10

    .

    1991, ,

    11

    , 250.000 , ,

    70.000 ,

    350.000 .

    ,

    , 1976-198012

    , 232.680

    150.970 ,

    8 , 7 , ,

    : . , . , . , , 2009, . 31-34

    . 64.

    9. .: . ,

    , , & , 1993,

    .

    10

    1951 , , 10.000 .

    , .

    11. .: . ,

    , , & ,

    1993, .

    12 , , ,

    1980, .

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    13/249

    12

    , (

    42% ),

    1981-1986,

    ,

    , .

    1989

    20 ,

    .

    ,

    .

    , , ,

    ,

    13

    .

    1983-1990 ,

    , ,

    ( 80% ,

    , , , ).

    14

    .

    , , ,

    , 1991,

    , 180.000 .

    1989 15

    ,

    1990,

    , . 1998 (

    ),

    ,

    13 21

    , : ,

    , : , 2010, . 47-50.

    14. .: . ,

    , , & ,

    1993, , . 27-32.

    15.., . 11-27.

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    14/249

    13

    (

    2002). 2910/2001

    , 51, , ,

    , ,

    , ,

    , , ,

    .

    2001

    797.091 750.000

    ( 900.000 2001,

    1992-1993)16

    .

    2004, ,

    , ,

    .

    , 135.000 2000

    2004.

    ,

    . ,

    17

    .

    16 21

    , : ,

    , : , 2010, . 60-62, : ,(ALPHA Bank, 2005) , 2000.

    17..: . , ,

    : , , , , 2006, . 13-25.

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    15/249

    14

    2006,

    (8,1%) -

    (: 5,5%)18

    .

    , , 31

    2008,

    678.268. , 2007 280.00019

    .

    20

    Eurostat

    2008 906.000,

    , ,

    .

    , 2008

    ,

    (, 2008) ,

    172.250 - 209.402.

    , 2008,

    205.000 21

    .

    ,

    , , . ,

    ,

    22

    .

    23

    ,

    1,3 .

    ,

    18 , , ,

    , ( ), ,

    2009, . 12-13, : Eurostat, Statistics in focus, Population and social conditions, Nr 8/2006.

    19.., . 60-62, : http://cladestino.eliamep.gr

    20www.thermopilai.org

    21..

    22 21 , : ,

    , : , 2010, . 47-52.

    23

    21

    , : , , : , 2010, . 63.

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    16/249

    15

    . , 700.000.

    , , .

    24

    ,

    ,

    , .

    , , , ,

    25

    ,

    1974 .

    , ,

    ,

    , ,

    .

    .

    ,

    26

    .

    24 ,

    ( )

    20

    , , (1946-49), .

    25H ( , )

    1985 1991,

    , , , , . ,

    , .

    ,

    , (, ,) . (. :www.wikipedia.gr ).

    26 , 1974,

    ,

    . ,

    , .

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    17/249

    16

    , ,

    , , ,

    , ,

    ,

    , 90% , .

    27

    ,

    . ,

    ,28

    .

    ,

    ,

    ,

    , 29

    ,

    ,

    , 30

    .31

    27 3989/1959, ,

    , , , ,

    , (

    1991 , , ).

    28 ,

    ,

    .

    29

    , , ,

    ,

    .

    30 ,

    , , ,

    , .

    31. .: , . ,

    , & , 1993, , . 40-88.

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    18/249

    17

    1.1.2.

    18,

    , .

    ,

    , , , ,

    32

    ,

    .

    ,

    ,

    , ,

    ,

    .

    33

    ,

    , 274.000.000

    1850, 400.000.000 1900 450.000.000

    ,

    .

    , , ,

    (

    1871 1815 36.000.000, ,

    34

    ).

    19 ,

    , , ,

    35

    ,

    , 1850-1860,

    32 ,

    , , , , , , ,

    , .

    33. .: Serge Berstein, Pierre Milza , .

    1815- 1919, , , 1992, . 178.34

    .., . 178-180.35

    1880 50% , 20%- 30% 95% .

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    19/249

    18

    , , , ,

    , . , ,

    ,

    , , ,

    , , ( ), ()

    .

    ,

    36

    .

    ,

    ,

    , .

    ,

    . ,

    . ,

    ,

    (

    ).

    .

    1970, ,

    ,

    ,

    ,

    ,

    - .

    , ,

    , 1985, ,

    , 37

    , , 1990,

    36. .: Serge Berstein, Pierre Milza , .

    1815- 1919, , , 1992, . 178-182.

    37 , (2005) - Prum

    , , ( 1&1) ,

    ,

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    20/249

    19

    .

    .

    , 1985 1991,

    ,

    38

    .

    ,

    , 1999 2002

    39

    .

    ,

    40

    .

    ,

    ,

    , ,

    , , ,

    (Lash & Friedman 1992).

    Giddens (

    )

    41

    .

    () (.. .. , . : : , , , 2007, . 1136).

    38. . : . . , .

    , &

    Gutenberg, 1993, . 21-30.

    39 . , ,

    . . , , ,

    2004, . 52-56.

    40. . : . . , .

    , & Gutenberg, 1993, . 30-39.

    41

    . .: , . , , , 2004, . 83-86.

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    21/249

    20

    1.1.3.

    ,

    , ,.

    . ,

    , , ,

    42.

    , .

    ... 1870 1910,

    1870

    1890 1920, ,

    ...

    19

    .

    ,

    , , , ,

    , , ,

    .

    , ( ,

    , , , ..).

    , ,

    ,

    43

    .

    42..: - , 2, ,

    1987, . 27.

    43. .: , .

    , : www.extras.ha.uth.gr . , , .

    . , , , 2004.

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    22/249

    21

    Weber44

    ,

    , 45

    .

    46

    ,

    47 48 .49,

    ,

    50

    , ,

    ,

    .

    ,

    , -

    ,

    ,

    51

    .

    , Garfinkel

    Criminology, 1949,

    44 , , , 2001, . 74.

    45 . , Max Weber.

    , , . ., - , 2001, . 15-42.

    46Christopher Lasch, 1978.

    47Reisman 1989.

    48Mead, 1925.

    49 , , ,

    2001, . 75.

    50 ,

    .

    51 . .: , .

    , : www.extras.ha.uth.gr

    . , , .

    . , , , 2004, . 58.

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    23/249

    22

    ,

    , ,

    .

    , .. :

    ,

    52

    .

    , ,

    ,

    .

    , 200.000.00053 (1 35

    ). 2005 60.000.000

    , 44.000.000 , 41.000.000 , 16.000.000

    6.000.000 .

    ,

    54

    , ,

    .

    , .

    ,

    Chicago

    , , .

    52. .: . . , , ,

    2004, . 370-374.

    53www.enet.gr

    54 20.000.000 , 1/3

    .

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    24/249

    23

    1.2. CHICAGO,

    1.2.1. CHICAGO

    Chicago Cl. Shaw

    H. D. Mackay,

    , , , ,

    , ,

    .

    55

    .

    Park, Burgess McKenzie.

    , ,

    .

    - ,

    Chicago

    ,

    .

    : ) , )

    , )

    , )

    , )

    , )

    , )

    , )

    56.

    Chicago : Cl. Shaw (

    , ,

    , ) H. D. Mackay,

    { : 1)

    ( ), 2) , 3)

    55 Chicago , 1892.

    56Howard S. Becker . ,

    , , 2000, . 13-14.

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    25/249

    24

    , 4) - 5) (

    ), },

    , ,

    57

    , E.W. Burgess, N. Anderson, R.E.

    Faris, H.D. Dunham, F.M. Thrasher, W.F. Whyte, H.W. Zorbangh, ..

    Chicago,

    ,

    .

    1.2.2. CHICAGO

    (),

    , R. E. Park (1864-1914),

    Burgess58

    59

    . Park

    ,

    . ,

    (-)

    , .

    ,

    .

    R.E.Park,

    . The Marginal Man: a Study of the

    Mulatto Mind, 1931, Park60

    .

    Simmel,

    : 1) ,

    57..: , ,

    , , 1996, . 132-144.

    58Burgess ,

    , .

    59..: .. , ,

    , , 1990, . 391-396.

    60 , ,

    , : ,

    : .

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    26/249

    25

    , , 2)

    , , ,

    3) ,

    ,

    61

    .

    , Cooley

    , ,

    .

    , (

    status),

    . ,

    .62

    , , , Park,

    , , :

    .

    ,

    ,

    63

    .

    , Stagl

    (Stagl, 1981),

    64. , ,

    65

    .

    Chicago,

    , : Ian Chambers, Martin Heidegger Homi K. Bhabka.

    61..: , :

    , . 243-246.

    62..: Everett V. Stonequist, The Problem of the Marginal Man, Skidmore College, The American

    Journal of Sociology, July 1935, . 1-12.

    63..: Robert Park and the Chicago School, The Reportage of Urban Culture, published by the

    Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge, 1996, . 161-162.

    64 Park

    Simmel The Stranger, : , .

    65

    ..: Robert Park and the Chicago School, The Reportage of Urban Culture, published by thePress Syndicate of the University of Cambridge, 1996, . 154-160.

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    27/249

    26

    Ian Chambers : ,

    ,

    66

    .

    Martin Heidegger

    67.

    , Homi K. Bhabka,

    ,

    68

    .

    , Zorbaugh, The Cold Coast and

    the Slum. A Sociological Study of Chicagos Near North Side,

    Chicago 1932, :

    ,

    69

    ,

    Chicago

    .

    Zorbaugh

    , ,

    , , , cafe, ,

    (), , .,

    .

    ,

    .

    Chicago,,

    ,

    ,

    .

    .

    66..: Ian Chambers, Migrancy, Culture, Identity, Routledge, London and New York, 1994,

    .

    67 , . 1.

    68 , . 67.

    69 Gold Coast,

    , , , , .

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    28/249

    27

    , Park,

    .

    Zorbaugh ,

    , , ,

    , ,

    ,

    70

    .

    Chicago

    ,

    , ,

    , , .,

    , Sutherland Sellin.

    ,

    ,

    , .

    Chicago,

    . ,

    ,

    . ,

    ,

    ,

    . ,

    . , ,

    71

    .

    Chicago,

    ,

    , , ,

    .

    70. .: Harvey Warren Zorbaugh, The Cold Coast and the Slum. A Sociological Study of Chicagos

    Near North Side, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago & London, 1929, Introduction by HowardP. Chudacoff.

    71

    ..: , , , , 1996, . 142-144.

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    29/249

    28

    1.3.,

    Garland:

    ,

    . ,

    ,

    72

    .

    ,

    .

    Beck Giddens ,

    ,

    73.

    Bauman, ,

    ,

    , ,

    Wacquant 74

    .

    , ,

    ,

    , ,

    75.

    ,

    , ,

    76

    . , ,

    .

    72Garland 1996.

    73Kelling & Coles 1996.

    74..: Crime, Risk and Insecurity. Law and Order in Everyday Life and Political Discourse, Edited

    by Tim Hope and Richard Sparks, Routledge, London and New York 2000, . 1-8.

    75.., . 1-8.

    76..: 1) , , ,

    , , 1994, . 714, 2) , 20, :. , 1982, . 127.

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    30/249

    29

    1970,

    1980 . 1990, ,

    , 77

    .

    18

    , .

    197078

    ,

    ,

    .

    18 ,

    ,

    ,

    . , , ,

    .

    , , ,

    , ,

    . , ,

    , , ,

    77..: , .

    ,

    . . , - 2002, .

    78 ,

    A. Peyrefitte, 80%

    , National

    Institute of Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice 1978. , 1968-1977, Rosenbaum & Heath . , , 1985,

    , 26/1/1986,

    , 2000, , ( Sofres- Le Nouvel Observateur

    Le Nouvel Observateur ( 1726, 4-10/12/1997, . 6-7), J. Conklin, Criminology,

    Allyn & Bacon, 1995, . 368, D. Rosenbaum &L. Heath The psycologic of fear reduction and crime-prevention programs J. Edwards & al (Ed.) Social influence processes and prevention, N. York,Plenum 1990, . 221-247 , : 26/1/1986

    1/12/1996 : ..: , .

    , . . , - 2002, . 27-29 ).

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    31/249

    30

    ,

    79

    .

    19, ,

    , 80

    ,

    , ,

    .

    ,

    , ,

    ,

    81

    .

    1978, Mickael Hinderland, , Victims of Personal

    Crime,

    , .

    lifestyle

    ,

    lifestyle .

    ,

    .

    .

    : 1.

    , , 2.

    , ,

    , 3.

    , 4.

    , 5.

    79 Henry Fielding,

    , , , . ,: Murray Lee, Inventing Fear of Crime. Criminology and the Politics of

    Anxiety, Willan Publishing, USA 2007 . 26-29.

    80 Likewise David Philips (1997) , ,

    .

    81

    ..: Murray Lee, Inventing Fear of Crime. Criminology and the Politics of Anxiety, WillanPublishing, USA 2007, . 26-29 40-47.

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    32/249

    31

    , 6. , ,

    , 7.

    , 8.

    82

    .

    1981, ,

    ,

    ,

    83

    .

    , , ,

    , , ,

    , ,

    ,

    . ,

    84

    .

    85

    , , ,

    (J. Leaute). ,

    , ,

    .

    , ,

    ,

    .

    82Hinderland et al. 1978.

    83Hough & Mayhew 1988, : Crime, Risk and Insecurity. Law and Order in Everyday Life and

    Political Discourse, Edited by Tim Hope and Richard Sparks, Routledge, London and New York 2000,

    . 18-21.

    84.., . 21,24.

    85 Kilias

    , , Maxfield,

    .

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    33/249

    32

    , ,

    , 86

    .

    ,

    , ,

    .

    ,

    , , ,

    . ,

    , ,

    .

    ,

    87

    .

    Martin ilias ,

    ,

    ,

    ,

    88

    .

    .

    89

    .

    ,

    ,

    ,

    , ,

    ,

    86..: , .

    , . . , - 2002.

    87.. , . 27-55.

    88..: , .

    ,

    . . , - 2002, .

    89Garland The Culture of Control.

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    34/249

    33

    .

    90

    .

    ,

    , .

    , ,

    1970

    , 91

    .

    , , ,

    , ,

    .

    ,

    ,

    .

    J. Jackson Experience and expression. Social and cultural

    significance in the fear of crime ,

    ,

    , .

    , (broken windows),

    , , , ,

    ,

    ,

    92

    .93

    90E. Widmer , N. Languin , L. Pattatori , J. Kellerhals & Ch. N. Robert , Du sentiment d insecurite

    aux representations de la delinquance, Deviance et Societe, 2004, 2/28, . 141-157 , :

    , , , , , 2008, . 99-100.

    91Ph. Robert:

    (Ph. Robert Linsecurite est- elle fungible dans lemaintien de lorde?).

    92

    : 1. , 2. , 3. , 4. , 5.

    , 6. , 7. ,

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    35/249

    34

    ,

    ,

    ( ),

    94

    .

    ,

    ,

    95

    . Fregier, 1973,

    ,

    (Fregier, 1973)96

    .

    2006,

    :

    27,2% , 20%

    , 13% , 12,4% ,

    , (S. Nicolas, D. Povey, A. Walker & Ch. Kershaw,Home Office Statistical Bulletin, Crime in England and Wales 2004/2005, July 2005, National Statistics,

    . 23). 2005

    EUICS Consortium,

    , (G. Hideg & R. Manchin , Environment and safety in European capitals, Research paper,EUICS Consortium, 2005) .

    93. .: , , ,

    , , 2008, . 99-117.

    94 80

    ,

    .

    2001 ,: . , ,

    . . , , ,

    2004, . 73-74.

    95Bauman Z., La societa dell incertezza, II Mulino, 1999, . 57,:

    . , , . . , , , 2004,

    . 48-49 .

    96

    ..: Murray Lee, Inventing Fear of Crime. Criminology and the Politics of Anxiety, WillanPublishing, USA 2007, . 25.

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    36/249

    35

    9,6% , 5,5% 3,01%

    . , :

    27,2%, 17,5%,

    16,3%, 14,2%

    7,5%. , (

    ) ,

    , ,

    .

    ,

    , , ,

    97

    .

    ,

    , ,

    , :

    22,4%, 10,5%,

    10,4%, 10,2%,

    9,9%,

    7,7% , 6,8%

    6,2%.

    39%, 27,7%

    20,9% (

    ).

    , , (),

    , ,

    , 31,5%

    .

    (44,1%), (20,9%).

    , ,

    , 98

    .

    97 76,5% ,

    , , , .

    98

    . .: .. , .., (), , . . , - 2009, . 17-44.

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    37/249

    36

    ,

    99

    ,

    .

    ,

    , ,

    .

    Ph. Robert, Le citoyen, le crime et l Etat100

    , :

    , ,

    ,

    ,

    .

    ,

    . , ,

    ,

    , 101

    .

    ,

    . ,

    ,

    .

    , Elizabeth A. Stanko,

    102

    .

    ,

    , ,

    99..: , .

    ,

    . . , - 2002, .

    100. .

    101..: , .

    , . . , - 2002, .

    102

    ..: Crime, Risk and Insecurity. Law and Order in Everyday Life and Political Discourse, Editedby Tim Hope and Richard Sparks, Routledge, London and New York 2000, . 13-14.

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    38/249

    37

    ,

    , ,

    .

    ,

    , ,

    , ,

    ,

    103

    .

    103..: , .

    ,

    . . , - 2002, . 20-22 63-83.

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    39/249

    38

    2.1.

    .

    ,

    104

    .

    . ,

    105

    .

    .

    , , ,

    , . , ,

    .

    ,

    ,

    , , ,

    106

    .

    ,

    , .

    ,

    ,

    104. , ,

    , 2005.

    105 Anthony Giddens, , ,

    Gutenberg, 2002, . 74-76.106

    .. . 76-77 98.

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    40/249

    39

    , ,

    107

    .

    .

    Habermas108

    - ,

    .

    .

    109

    .

    ,

    ,

    , .

    , , ,

    ,

    . , ,

    110

    .

    ,

    -

    -

    ,

    111

    .

    , ,

    (),

    (

    107 . , .

    , ,

    : , , 1978, . 131.

    108J. Habermas The Theory of Communicative Action, Translated by Thomas McCarthy, Cambridge,

    Polity Press, 1989.

    109 . , .

    , ,

    : , , 1978, . 131-132.

    110 , , ,

    , , & Roma.

    , , , , , 2007, .

    22-23.

    111Anthony Giddens, , ,

    Gutenberg, 2002, . 126.

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    41/249

    40

    ),

    (,

    )112

    . ,

    ,

    , .

    ,

    , , ,

    ,

    .

    , ,

    .

    ,

    .

    112 , , ,

    , , & Roma.

    , ,

    , , , 2007, .23- 26.

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    42/249

    41

    2.1.1.:

    113

    (, ,

    ) ,

    .

    ,

    , .

    , ,

    .

    : , ,

    114

    .

    : ,

    , , ,

    , , , , ..115

    , ,

    . ,

    .. ,

    ,

    .

    ,

    .

    113 : , , ,

    , , , . Durkheim

    , , , . ,

    , , ,

    (. . , . , , , 2001, . 251-256).

    114 , ,

    ,

    .

    115Anthony Giddens, , ,

    Gutenberg, 2002, . 570-577.

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    43/249

    42

    ,

    116

    .

    ,

    ,

    .

    117

    .

    ,

    118

    .

    . ,

    ,

    . , ,

    .

    .

    , , , , ,

    , ,

    . ,

    .

    , ,

    .

    116Paul Rutledge, The Role of Religion in Ethnic Self-Identity. A Vietnamese Community, University

    Press of America, United States of America, 1985, . 53.

    117, . 53.

    118

    Anthony Giddens, , ,Gutenberg, 2002, . 575-577.

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    44/249

    43

    119

    .

    , ,

    .

    .

    .

    , ,

    ,

    ,

    ,

    , . ,

    (,

    ).

    , ,

    , , , , ,

    .

    .

    Xuan Khoa ,

    , , 120

    .

    121:

    119Paul Rutledge, The Role of Religion in Ethnic Self-Identity. A Vietnamese Community,

    University Press of America, United States of America, 1985 , . 53-58.

    120 Xuan Khoa Vietnamese immigrants and their adjustment to American society, 1981, : Paul

    Rutledge, The Role of Religion in Ethnic Self-Identity. A Vietnamese Community, University Press of

    America, United States of America, 1985, . 58-76.

    121

    , . , , , , 2001.

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    45/249

    44

    Engels,Marx, Weber, Durkheim, Freud, ..:

    Marx Engels122

    : , ,

    . ,

    ,

    ,

    .

    ( ),

    ,

    .

    .

    , Engels .

    . ,

    123

    .

    , Marx

    . Poverty of Philosophy o Marx

    , . ,

    ,

    124

    . Marx 19

    125.

    - ,

    . Marx, ,

    , , ,

    .

    . . , ,

    ,

    . , Marx,

    122 . , . ,

    , , 2001, . 247-248.123

    Engels, 1976

    124Marx, 1847

    125 ,

    ( : ),

    ,

    .

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    46/249

    45

    126

    .

    ,

    Weber, ,

    127,

    .

    ,

    ,

    . , ,

    , ,

    ,

    . Weber

    ( Durkheim,

    ), , .

    Weber, ,

    ,

    , 128

    .

    , ,

    129.

    , Durkheim ,

    . ,

    , .

    . ,

    126Anthony Giddens, , ,

    Gutenberg, 2002, . 578-579 Bryan S. Turner,Religion and Social Theory, SAGE

    Publications, London- Thousand Oaks- New Delhi, 1991, . 18.

    127

    , , , , ,

    (Weber, 1976).

    128Anthony Giddens, , ,

    Gutenberg, 2002, . 581-583 Bryan S. Turner, Religion and Social Theory , SAGE

    Publications, London- Thousand Oaks- New Delhi, 1991, . 15-16

    129

    , . , , , 2001, .257- 260.

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    47/249

    46

    ,

    , ,

    . , , ,

    ,

    , .

    . ,

    . ,

    , , ,

    . The Elementary Forms of

    Religious Life (1912)

    ,

    , .

    .

    ,

    . Durkheim

    , , ,

    , , .

    ,

    , .

    , , , ,

    130.

    , ,

    , .

    , ,

    . , , 131

    .

    , ,

    , .

    .

    130 .. . 579-581 Bryan S. Turner, Religion and Social Theory , SAGE Publications, London-

    Thousand Oaks- New Delhi, 1991, . 15

    131

    , .

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    48/249

    47

    . ,

    . , ,

    ,

    .

    , ,

    . , ,

    ; ;

    . ,

    ,

    .

    , ,

    ,

    . , ,

    132

    .

    ,

    .

    ,

    ,

    ,

    .

    , ,

    133

    .

    Wach, Rudolf Otto The idea of the Holy (1929),

    .

    , ;

    Towler, 1974,

    . Winch Runciman,

    132: ,

    (. .:

    , , . 14).

    133 , , , 1974, . 7-

    10, 13-14, 16-18, 21 23-24 .

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    49/249

    48

    ,

    Evans- Pritchard, 1965, ,

    134

    .

    , ,

    ;

    ,

    . Weilenberg, ,

    : ,

    . ,

    ,

    .

    ,

    , 135

    .

    20,

    .

    .

    .

    , ,

    . ,, ,

    136

    .

    ,

    .

    .

    134 Bryan S. Turner, Religion and Social Theory, SAGE Publications, London- Thousand Oaks- New

    Delhi, 1991, . 16-17.

    135: Erik J. Weilenberg, Value and Virtue in a Godless Universe, New York: Cambridge

    University Press, 2005.

    136Bryan S. Turner, Religion and Social Theory, SAGE Publications, London- Thousand Oaks- New

    Delhi, 1991, . 19.

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    50/249

    49

    , ,

    .

    ,

    , 137,

    , ,

    .

    138

    ,

    .

    , , , ,

    .

    ,

    , .

    ,

    .

    , .

    ,

    ,

    , .

    ,

    , .

    137

    , ,

    .

    138 , ,

    ( ) .

    .

    .

    , ,

    . ,

    . , ,

    .

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    51/249

    50

    , ,

    , , , , .

    , , , ,

    139

    .

    ,

    140

    ,

    . :

    ;- : .

    , , ,

    , , (

    ).

    ,

    .

    ;- :

    139Charles Stewart, Demons and the Devil. Moral Imagination in Modern Greek Culture, Princeton

    University Press, New Jersey 1991, . 76-97, 116-117 195.

    140 (

    1/3 , ,

    . ,

    ).

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    52/249

    51

    ;

    .

    ;

    - :

    ,

    ,

    .

    , .. ,

    , ,

    ,

    .

    ;- :

    ; ,

    ,

    , .

    - .

    , ,

    , , .

    , ,

    , ,

    ,

    , , , .,

    , , .

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    53/249

    52

    ,

    , .

    ;

    - :

    , ,

    ,

    , . , ,

    , ,

    .

    ;

    - :

    ,

    , (,

    ).

    .

    ,

    ,

    , , . ,

    ,

    . , , ,

    , (),

    , .

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    54/249

    53

    , , .

    . , ,

    .

    , ,

    , , ,

    , , ,

    , . ,

    .

    .

    ,

    ;

    - :

    .

    ,

    . , ,

    ,

    , , .

    ,

    . ,

    ,

    ,

    , ,

    ,

    , ,

    , .

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    55/249

    54

    , -

    141

    .

    141 , , . 19-20. . 6

    .

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    56/249

    55

    2.1.2.

    :

    ,

    142

    .

    .

    , .

    ,

    .

    : ( ),

    ( )

    ()143

    .

    .

    . , ,

    142Family and Society, Selections from the Annales Economies, Societies, Civilizations, Translated by

    Forster and Ranum, The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London, 1976.

    143

    - : , 16

    , -,

    , .

    . , ,

    , ,

    . 17

    18

    . ,

    ,

    . ,

    , ,

    .

    , ,

    .

    :

    , ,

    , ,

    ,

    . (Family and Society, Selections from the Annales Economies, Societies, Civilizations,

    Translated by Forster and Ranum, The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London, 1976.)

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    57/249

    56

    , ,

    .144

    .

    ,

    .

    ,

    145

    .

    ,

    ,

    146.

    () .

    ,

    147

    .

    , ,

    ,

    144Family and Society, Selections from the Annales Economies, Societies, Civilizations, Translated

    by Forster and Ranum, The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London, 1976, . 251-

    256.

    145Anthony Giddens, , ,

    Gutenberg, , 2002, . 208-215.

    146

    . ,

    ,

    ,

    . , ,

    . ( & ,

    , , , 1994, . 82-83).

    147 , ,

    , ,

    .

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    58/249

    57

    . ,

    148

    .

    , ,

    , , , ., , ,

    ,

    . Ch. Cooley149

    . , ,

    .

    .

    ,

    , , ,

    .

    ,

    (, , . ),

    , .

    . Konig

    .

    148

    .

    , ,

    , (

    ) (

    ) , .

    ,

    . , ,

    . ( & ,

    , , , 1994, . 101-117).

    149Cooley Ch. Social Organization. A study of the Larger Mind. . 3-4, New York, : .

    , . , , : , , 1987, . 74.

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    59/249

    58

    , -

    150

    .

    .

    Parsons151, ,

    .

    ,

    ,

    , ,

    ,

    .

    (

    )152

    .

    , , ,

    , ,

    , ,

    153

    .

    ..

    , ,

    154

    .

    ,

    .

    150Konig R. Bemerkungen zur Sozialpsychologie, Soziologische Orientierungen. Vortage und

    Aufsatze. Studien Bibliothek Kiepenheuer & Witsch. Koln 1973, sel. 47.

    151 . ,

    . , , : , ,

    1987.

    152.., . 74-79.

    153Cooley: ,

    154 . , .

    , ,

    : , , 1978, . 110.

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    60/249

    59

    (E. Durkheim: - ).

    ,

    155

    .

    o .

    .

    .

    .

    ,

    . ,

    . ,

    ,

    156

    .

    . , ,

    Parsons,

    157

    .

    , .

    158

    .

    155N. Elias: , , ,

    , , , , , ,

    , .. . ,

    , , , , . , , (N. Elias,

    , 1971. )

    156 . , .

    , ,

    : , , 1978, . 110-120.

    157 . ,

    . , , : , ,

    1987, . 79-84.

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    61/249

    60

    ,

    . , ,

    ,

    , ,

    .

    ,

    ,

    159

    .

    Blood Wolfe160

    , ,

    , Detroit

    ,

    .

    , ,

    , ,

    . ,

    ,

    ,

    .

    161

    .

    . , ,

    ,

    .

    , , ,

    158 . , .

    , ,

    : , , 1978, . 133.

    159Family and Society, Selections from the Annales Economies, Societies, Civilizations, Translated by

    Forster and Ranum, The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London, 1976, . 258-260.

    160Family and Society, Selections from the Annales Economies, Societies, Civilizations, Translated by

    Forster and Ranum, The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London, 1976, . 258.

    161Michel Barrett- Mary McIntosh, (

    ), , , , 1987, . 53.

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    62/249

    61

    162

    .

    ,

    ,

    ,

    163

    .

    , ,

    .

    . ,

    164

    , ,

    , , ,

    .

    165

    .

    , .

    , ,

    , ,

    .

    ,

    ,

    .

    162Michel Barrett- Mary McIntosh, (

    ), , , , 1987, . 58-

    69.

    163 ,

    . , , : , , , 1993, . 32-33.

    164Anthony Giddens, , ,

    Gutenberg, , 2002, . 234-235 245-246.

    165 .

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    63/249

    62

    , , ,

    ,

    .

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    64/249

    63

    2.1.3.:

    ,

    166

    .

    167.

    .

    , ,

    .

    ,

    .

    ,

    .

    ,

    , ,

    , , ,

    .

    ,

    , ,

    .

    , ,

    ,

    .

    166Ed Harding & Ph Riley, The Bilingual Family. a Handbook for parents, Cambridge University Press,

    Cambridge 1986, p. 28, : - , :

    ; , , ,

    , . 6-8.

    167. , , , 2001, . 29, .. .

    6.

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    65/249

    64

    ,

    168

    .

    169

    . ,

    , ,

    ,

    .

    ,

    .

    ,

    , ,

    ,

    170.

    ,

    : 1)

    ,

    , 2) , , ,

    , 3)

    ,

    , 4),

    , 5)

    ,

    ,

    , 6),

    171

    .

    168Hurrelmann, 1975.

    169- . ,

    , Gutenberg, 1998,. 151.

    170.., . 169-178 201-205.

    171.. . 157-168. Jim Gummins ,

    , , ( - , :

    ; ,

    , , , . 61).

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    66/249

    65

    ( 18- 19

    ) .

    ,, (

    ), . ,

    172

    ,

    .

    . 1960, ,

    ,

    .

    , , ,

    1970, ,

    173

    .

    1970, ,

    ,

    .

    , ,

    172 1958

    , , 1964 , 402 ( ,

    , . 45, : - , :

    ;

    , , , , . 61-69)

    173

    B. Charlot, " . ", :

    , 1992, . {" 19 :

    , .

    1930: , , ,

    . .

    1960: 16 ,

    . .

    ,

    ,

    " (. 181)}

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    67/249

    66

    .

    ,

    174

    . , ,

    , .

    C. Thelot , ,

    "

    . ,

    , , ,

    ' "175

    .

    , .

    176

    .

    , ,

    : ,

    177

    .

    Durkheim178

    , , "

    "179

    .

    . ,

    , "Education and

    174B. Charlot, " . ", :

    , 1992, . 227-229.

    175.., . 200-201. P.Bourdieu J.C.Passeron "

    , ,

    ", " "(., . 284).

    176.., . 207.

    177

    .. . 226-227.178 Emile Durkheim : 1)

    ,

    ( " "

    " "), 2) ,

    , (' , ,

    , ,

    , ,

    "" "" ),

    3) .

    179E. Durkheim "Evolution of Educational Thought", . 92.

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    68/249

    67

    Sociology", "

    ".

    ,

    ,

    . , 180

    ,

    , . , ,

    , ,

    ( ),

    .

    , Durkheim

    ,

    ,

    . , ,

    ,

    181

    .

    , Talcott Parsons,

    ,

    .

    ,

    , , .

    Parsons, ,

    ,

    " " "",

    .

    Talcott Parsons

    " "

    " ", ""

    182

    180 Durkheim

    "" ( , , ,

    , , ) (. "Suicide: A study of sociology",

    Durkheim, London, 1952).

    181 " ", David Blackledge, Barry Hunt, ,

    1994, . 9-33.

    182Mills " ".

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    69/249

    68

    , .

    .

    ,

    "" "",

    , .

    Parsons

    ,

    183

    .

    : )

    ) ,

    , :

    ) ,

    "" , )

    ""

    ,

    184

    .

    ""

    ,

    .

    ,

    185

    .

    : 1) , "

    " (1966) 2) "" .

    ,

    1964

    (, , , , )

    402 .

    183 " ", David Blackledge, Barry Hunt, ,

    1994, . 103-116.

    184

    .., . 205 275-287.185

    .., . 449-453 493.

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    70/249

    69

    .

    4.000 ,

    .

    , , . , ,

    .

    , .

    , ,

    (

    ),

    . ,

    .

    O . ,

    : 1) , ,

    , , 2)

    , 3)

    , 4) ,

    .

    , .

    , 1970, , "",

    ,

    ,

    .

    : 1)

    , 2) ( )

    , 3)

    , 4)

    , 5)

    , 6)

    , 7)

    , 8)

    tests,

    ( "") 9)

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    71/249

    70

    ,

    ( "").

    ,

    , "

    186

    ".

    , 2001, Research .. UNICEF

    : "- -

    ", ,

    ,

    ,

    . , ,

    ,

    , ( 2343 ).

    ,

    , .

    :

    1. , ,

    ,

    ,

    2.

    , ,

    3.

    ,

    4. ,

    , ,

    ,

    5.

    ,

    , , ,6.

    ,

    ,

    186" The academic revolution", Ch. Jencks & Ch. Riesman, 1968, . 22, "

    . ", . ,

    , 1985, . 44-57.

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    72/249

    71

    7.

    ,

    8. ,

    , 9.

    .

    : )

    , )

    , , ,

    ) ,

    , ) ,

    ,

    ,

    187

    .

    , , ,

    ,

    ,

    , , , ,

    188.

    .

    ,

    , ,

    189

    .

    , ,

    (),

    . , , ,

    .

    187www.unicef.gr

    188 , : -

    , ,

    , 2008-09, . 2-4.

    189 ,

    (, 1997, .., . 18-20).

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    73/249

    72

    : 1)

    ,

    ( "

    ") 2)

    , ,

    ,

    (" ")

    190

    .

    , , ,

    , ,

    , ,

    ,

    .

    , ,

    .

    190 . " .

    ", , , 1985.

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    74/249

    73

    2.2.

    Chicago ,

    .

    , , (:

    , ) 19

    Durkheim191

    .

    Durkheim

    , . ,

    . , , 192

    .

    Chicago,

    Durkheim,

    Weber,

    Tonnie: ) ,

    (gemeinschaft), ) ,

    (gesselschaft),

    Maire: ) status, , , )

    ,

    193

    .

    Chicago

    , , .

    , ghetto

    191 Anthony P. Cohen. The Symbolic Construction of Community, Department of Social

    Anthropology, University of Manchester, Routledge, Great Britain, 1985, . 22.

    192.., . 20-23.

    193.., . 22-23.

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    75/249

    74

    . ,

    , 194

    .

    Shaw

    Mckay195

    ,

    , ,

    . ,

    ( )

    , 196

    .

    ,

    - :

    Quetelet Gierry 1833197

    . , Quetelet

    ,

    ,

    , .

    , ,

    .

    ,

    .

    , , ,

    198

    .

    194Chicago School, 1925, pp.9ff and pp. 13-16, : Anthony P. Cohen. The Symbolic Construction of

    Community, Department of Social Anthropology, University of Manchester, Routledge, Great Britain,1985, . 25-26.

    195Shaw & Mckay, Juveline Delinquency and Urban Areas, University of Chicago Press, 1942.

    196 , ,

    . , , , 1996, . 88-90.

    197.., . 86-87 , .

    , , , 1996, . 120-121 . .

    , , , , 1990, . 104-106.

    198 , .

    , , , 1996 , : . , : - & , , 2004, . 27-28.

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    76/249

    75

    , ,

    199

    .

    .

    , , (,

    ).

    200

    .

    ,

    , 201

    .

    , ,

    , .

    , -3 Christaller,

    .

    ,

    . , ,

    202

    .

    R.E. Blanton :

    , ,

    .

    199 . ,

    , ,

    . ,

    o , .

    200 , : . , : - & , , 2004, . 17-20.

    201 L. Wirth, ,

    . H. Pirenne,

    ( ,

    , )

    , .

    202

    , : . , : - & , , 2004,, . 20-22.

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    77/249

    76

    ,

    203

    . M. Weber

    ,

    . 204

    .205

    .

    206

    :

    1. , , ,

    2. ,

    , ,

    3. 207. C.

    Levi-Strauss,208

    203Anthony Giddens, , ,

    Gutenberg, , 2002 , : .

    , : - & , , 2004, . 23.

    204 , : . , : -

    & , , 2004, . 24 . , Max Weber. , , . . , , 2001, . 27-42.

    205

    ,

    . Marx,

    ,

    . , -,

    .

    206

    , : . , : - & , , 2004, . 413.

    207

    : .

    ,

    , . ,

    , . ,

    ,

    , . ,

    .

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    78/249

    77

    : ) , )

    , ,

    ) ,

    . ,

    .

    , C. N. Schultz

    (

    )209

    .

    ,

    1978,1980 1998,

    :

    1. , , , .

    2. , .

    .

    3. , , ,

    .

    4. , .5. .6.

    .

    7. . , , , ,

    .

    8. , , (

    )

    .

    9. , ,

    , , , , .

    208C. Levi-Strauss, Anthropology structural, Paris, 1958, . 85-86, 90-91, 96-98, 140-170, 320-322,

    326, 347-348, 362-391 , : , : .

    , : - & , , 2004, . 28-29).209

    Schultz, 1980.

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    79/249

    78

    10. , .

    11., , Rossi ,

    210

    .12., , , .

    13. .

    14. ( 1993

    ,

    ).

    15. .

    16., , , ,

    211.

    ,

    ,

    .

    , Claire Robinson

    . ,

    ,

    212

    .

    , , ,

    213

    .

    210Rossi, 1982,1995.

    211

    & , . : , ..., ,

    1999, . 175-194.

    212.., : , . 21-23.

    213.., : , : ,

    - , . 27. ,

    , ( : , , University of East London

    , . 69).

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    80/249

    79

    21

    .

    , , ,

    , 214

    .

    ,

    215

    . Rousseau :

    , , ,

    ,

    ,

    216

    , ,

    . , ,

    ,

    217

    .

    ,

    , , , ,

    .

    ,

    ,

    , , ,

    218

    .

    214 .., : . ,

    - , . 76-81

    215 , . ,

    , , : - 5, , 1983, . 6.

    216Rousseau, The Social Contract, . 16.

    217Evans, Planning Cities, . 24-33.

    218 , . ,

    , , : - 5, , 1983, . 8-11 .

    16 .

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    81/249

    80

    , 219

    ,

    ,

    .

    ,

    220

    .

    , ,

    ,

    Marx, Weber, Giddens, Dahrendorf,

    ...

    , 60,

    . ,

    , ,

    .

    , 221

    . {

    -

    , ,

    () , - .

    },

    - .

    ,

    .

    ,

    . , .. ,

    , .

    222

    .

    219.., . 20.

    220.. . 22-23.

    221

    Johnson N. 1987222 Smith, 1989.

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    82/249

    81

    .

    --

    223.

    (

    )

    224

    .

    .

    225

    .

    ,

    , .

    .

    , ,

    , , , ,

    , ,

    , ,

    226

    .

    223 , . ,

    , , , 2001, . 190.

    224 . , : ,

    , , . 34, : , () :

    ,

    , 2005.

    225 : Society, Space and Citizenship: A Human Geography for the new times?, Susan J.

    Smith, Research Fellow, Center for Housing Research, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8RT,

    Revised MS Received 24 January, 1989, . 144-147 .154.

    226 1930

    .

    . , Barlow

    ,

    . ,

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    83/249

    82

    : 1)

    , 2) (,

    , ), 3)

    , 4) , 5) , 6)

    227

    .

    :

    ,

    , ,

    228.

    , , , ,

    , ,

    ,

    . , , ,

    ,

    229

    .

    . Edgar M. Hoover The Location of Economic Activity

    , ,

    .

    ,

    , ,

    , . (Catherine Bauer, Henry S. Churchill, Frank Cliffe,

    Vernon de Mars, Richard Dewey, Arthur B. Gallion, Victor Jones, G. Holmes Perkins, William L.

    Slayton, Robert C. Weinberg, Coleman Woodbury, The future of Cities and Urban Redevelopment,

    Edited by Coleman Woodbury, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago & London, Midway Reprint

    1974, . 45-46 . 50 . 118-123).

    227.., . 628.

    228 , ,

    , .

    229 The future of Cities and Urban Redevelopment, Catherine Bauer, Henry S. Churchill, Frank

    Cliffe, Vernon de Mars, Richard Dewey, Arthur B. Gallion, Victor Jones, G. Holmes Perkins, William L.

    Slayton, Robert C. Weinberg, Coleman Woodbury, Edited by Coleman Woodbury, The University of

    Chicago Press, Chicago & London, Midway Reprint 1974, .633-636.

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    84/249

    83

    1 . :

    , . 230

    .

    Moore Davis

    elite

    .

    ,

    .

    , ,

    .

    ,

    231.

    ,

    .

    -

    -

    232

    .

    ,

    . ,

    . ,

    ,

    , (

    )233

    .

    ,

    , .

    ,

    230 1.

    231David A. Lake and Donald Rothchild,The International Spread of Ethnic Conflict. Fear, Diffusion,

    and Escalation, Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 1998, . 186-187 193-194.

    232Bottoms & Wiles 1997, Foster & Hope 1993.

    233

    Crime, Risk and Insecurity. Law and Order in Everyday Life and Political Discourse, Edited byTim Hope and Richard Sparks, Routledge, London and New York 2000, . 95-97.

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    85/249

    84

    , ,

    234

    .

    ,

    , ,

    235.

    ,

    ,

    , , ,

    .

    234Anthony Giddens, , ,

    Gutenberg, 2002.

    235www.xenofovia.blogspot.com

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    86/249

    85

    2.3.

    .

    ,

    . , , ,

    , CD, ,

    .

    ,

    , ,

    , .

    ,

    18 (

    19

    )236

    . , ,, ,

    .

    , ,

    ,

    . , , ,

    ,

    , 237

    .

    .

    , ,

    . , ,

    ,

    , , . Hodge Tripp

    (1986)

    .

    236 ,

    . ,

    , .

    237 ,

    , . Anthony Giddens,

    , , :

    Gutenberg, , 2002, . 490.

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    87/249

    86

    . (1950, 1951)

    , , , . , (1964) ,

    , , .

    ,

    .

    , ,

    ,

    ,

    238

    .

    , ,

    239

    . ,

    , ,

    ,

    240

    .

    238 Anthony Giddens, ,

    , : Gutenberg, , 2002, . 486-506 512.

    239 ,

    , , ARPA(Advanced Research Projects Agency), . , ,

    .

    240Anthony Giddens, , ,

    : Gutenberg, , 2002, . 520-523.

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    88/249

    87

    -

    ,

    - . Lasswell (1948):

    241

    , , (

    ,

    ). , , ,

    ,

    ,

    , (

    , , ,

    ).

    (Adorno,

    Habermas, Marcuse),

    . :

    status quo

    242

    .

    , .

    ,

    ,

    - 243

    .244

    241 . , ,

    .., , 1995, . 130.

    242

    , , , ,

    , . (1991),

    , .

    243

    , .

    244

    . , , .., , 1995, . 130- 131.

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    89/249

    88

    ,

    , ,

    , ,

    . ,

    : , , ,

    ,

    .

    245

    .

    ,

    , ,

    ,

    . ,

    1989246

    : 6 -10

    , 11-14

    , 247

    ,

    , . ,

    .

    245 ( ,

    ,

    , ),

    18

    ,

    , ,

    , , , , ,

    . ,

    , .

    , ,

    . Anthony Giddens,

    , , :

    Gutenberg, , 2002, . 486-506 .

    246Mediamat, 2 2 1989, M. Chalvon, 1993.

    247 ,

    .

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    90/249

    89

    ,

    , .248

    .

    .

    , ,

    .

    .

    ,

    Rouquette (1984), :

    1. , , ,

    2. , ,

    3. , , , . , ,

    4. , .

    , , , ,

    , .

    249

    :

    - , , ,

    248

    . , , ,

    , , . , ( )

    ( . ,

    , .., , 1995, . 132-133).249

    Rouquette ,1984.

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    91/249

    90

    - , ,

    - , , .

    , Doise, 1982,

    - , (

    ), 250

    .

    19

    ,

    , ,

    , , .

    ,

    251

    .

    ,

    Pavlov,

    .

    ,

    ,

    , (). , ,

    , .

    252

    .

    Tchakhotine (

    90%) , ,

    .

    .

    : ) ,

    , ) ,

    (

    250 , ,

    , ,

    .

    251

    .., . 11-12.252

    .., . 38.

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    92/249

    91

    ).

    , ,

    , , ., , ,

    , .

    253

    . , ,

    ,

    .

    Walter Lippman, 1962

    .

    Lester (1997)

    .

    254

    .

    , ,

    .

    , , ,

    , .255

    .

    ,,

    , , , , ,

    , , 256

    .

    253 , ,

    , ,

    .39-41.

    254

    , :

    ( & ), . 25-29.

    255Dowing & Husband (2005), Representing Race , Racisms, Ethnicities and Media, Sage, London,

    . 34, :

    ( & ), , , , . 2 -3.

    256Frishman & Marbin (2003), Portoyals and Violence and Group Difference in Newspaper

    Photographic Nationalism and Media, Journal of Communication, . 33, : :

    ( & ),

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    93/249

    92

    , , ,

    257

    .

    . S. Kracauer258

    1918

    1933,

    (

    ,

    259

    ).

    N. Denzin260

    , ,

    , .

    261

    , , , . 27.

    257 , :

    ( & ), . 190-193.

    258S. Kracauer, From Caligari to Hitler: A psychological of the German film, Princeton University

    Press, Princeton 1947 S. Kracauer : , , 1983, : , .

    , , 2009, . 51 :

    , , 1988, .118.

    259

    . , ,

    1988, .121.

    260N. K. Denzin, The Cinematic Society. The Voyeurs Gaze, Sage, London, Thousand Oaks, New Delhi,

    1995, . 196-201, : , . , , 2009, . 61.

    261J. Mellen , Women and their Sexuality in the New Film, Dell, New York 1974, E. Cowie,

    Representing the Woman: Cinema and Psychoanalysis, University of Minnesota Press, USA 1997, . , , , 1989, . , .

    , . Gendering Transformations,

    12-15 2005, 2007, . 126-134, . : . ,.., . 116-125 G. Studlar Barrymore,

    the Body, and Bliss: Issues of Male Representation and Female Spectatorship in the 1920s, L.

    Devereaux & R. Hillman, Fields of Vision. Essays in Film Studies, Visual Anthropology andPhotography, .., . 160-180, : , .

    , , 2009, . 61- 62.

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    94/249

    93

    .

    , . 1950

    ,

    , , . ,

    ,

    ,

    . 1970. ,

    , ,

    ,

    .

    ,

    ( :

    262, 263, West Side Story264, Welcome265

    266). , ,

    ,

    ,

    ,

    { : ,

    White Nights267, Faith like potatoes268 (

    ), 269,

    270, } .

    262Sherry Hormann, , The Match Factory, germon films, Desert Flower film

    production, AUDIO VISUAL, 2009.263

    , , Maxi & Philips Home Entertainment, 1995 .264

    Stelehen Sondheim, West Side Story, The New York Times Special Edition, DVD Collectors set,

    Metro Goldwyn Mayer DVD, 2003.265

    Philippe Lioret, Welcome, Power Music Productions, Nord Quest Films, Artemis Productions,2008.266

    , , , 2000.267

    Taylor Hackford, White Nights, Columbia Pictures Industries, Sony Pictures Home Entertainment,

    New Visions Film, 1985. .268

    Regard van den Berg, Faith Like Potatoes, Buckon, Waldeck Greenough,

    Affirm films, Carmel Entertainment Global Creative Studios, 2008.269

    , , ODEON, 2004 Alco films , EKK, Cinegrom , CL Productions,Alpha , FilmNet., 2004.270

    , Prooptiki AE, Imagna DVD creative film, IFC films & Gold Circle films.

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    95/249

    94

    , , ,

    ,

    271

    .

    ,

    .

    , ,

    .

    .

    ,

    (

    ). ,

    . ,

    ,

    .

    ,

    ,

    .

    ,

    (

    ,

    ),

    , , ,

    272.

    271 , . ,

    , 2009, . 148-155.

    272Ien Ang, Jay G. Blumer, John Corner, James Curran, John Fiske, Simon Frith, Cristine Geraghty,

    Peter Golbing, Michael Gurevitch, Daniel C. Hallin, Joke Hermes, Judith Lichtenberg, Sonia Livingstone,

    Denis McQuail, Graham Murdock, Michael Shudson, Anabelle Sreberny-Mohammadi, Liesbet van

    Zoonen, Janet Wasko, , , : James

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    96/249

    95

    . , 273

    , ,

    .

    ,

    .

    , , Franklin

    Fearing274

    . ,

    , .. ,

    ,

    ,

    275

    .

    ( ),

    276

    .

    , ,

    , .

    , , , ,

    .

    , , ,

    . ,

    Curran & Michael Gurevitch, : , , 2009, . 25-

    30.

    273Fiske 1982, 19-21, : , , ,

    1988, . 108.

    274Mc Quail, 1979, 122, : , , ,

    1988, . 110.

    275Williams 1979, 119-120, : , , ,

    1988, . 97-116.

    276.. ,. 85, : .

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    97/249

    96

    , , ,

    ,

    .

    , ,

    ,

    277

    .

    .

    .

    ,

    .

    . 278

    .

    ,

    , . ,

    .

    . ,

    279

    .

    ,

    .

    ,

    . ,

    ,

    280

    .

    277.., . 86, : .

    278.., . 87, Baudrillard, 1983b.

    279.., . 88-89.

    280 Ien Ang, Jay G. Blumer, John Corner, James Curran, John Fiske, Simon Frith, Cristine Geraghty,

    Peter Golbing, Michael Gurevitch, Daniel C. Hallin, Joke Hermes, Judith Lichtenberg, Sonia Livingstone,

    Denis McQuail, Graham Murdock, Michael Shudson, Anabelle Sreberny-Mohammadi, Liesbet van

    Zoonen, Janet Wasko, , , : James

    Curran & Michael Gurevitch, : , , 2009, . 89-

    92.

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    98/249

    97

    281

    .

    , .

    19

    282

    . ,

    ,

    .

    , ,

    ..

    283

    ,

    .

    281 , ,

    . . , ,

    ,

    , , ,

    . (Marshall McLuhan, 1964: 11-12)

    282 Giddens (1990:64)

    . .

    Appadurai : , , ,

    , , .

    .

    ,

    (Ien Ang, Jay G. Blumer, John Corner, James Curran, John Fiske, Simon Frith,

    Cristine Geraghty, Peter Golbing, Michael Gurevitch, Daniel C. Hallin, Joke Hermes, Judith Lichtenberg,

    Sonia Livingstone, Denis McQuail, Graham Murdock, Michael Shudson, Anabelle Sreberny-

    Mohammadi, Liesbet van Zoonen, Janet Wasko, ,

    , : James Curran & Michael Gurevitch, : ,

    , 2009, .254-256) .

    283 1950

    , Katherine Dunham, Paul Robeson, Richard Wright, Eslanda

    Robeson, Langston Hughes Countee Cullen (From the brocure in the files of the Schomburg

    Library, New York City). Movies and Mass Culture, edited by John Belton, Rutgers University Press,New Brunswick, New Jersey 1996, . 231-233.

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    99/249

    98

    ,

    ,

    284

    .

    , ,

    ,

    , (,

    )

    ,

    , , , , .285

    , ,

    ,

    .

    1993

    ,

    :

    ,

    , ,

    ,

    ,

    286

    .

    , ,

    1830. , ,

    . ,

    , 19 ,

    , 20

    ,

    284Ien Ang, Jay G. Blumer, John Corner, James Curran, John Fiske, Simon Frith, Cristine Geraghty,

    Peter Golbing, Michael Gurevitch, Daniel C. Hallin, Joke Hermes, Judith Lichtenberg, Sonia Livingstone,

    Denis McQuail, Graham Murdock, Michael Shudson, Anabelle Sreberny-Mohammadi, Liesbet van

    Zoonen, Janet Wasko, , , : JamesCurran & Michael Gurevitch, : , , 2009,, .

    261.

    285

    .., . 269-271.286

    Viles, 1993.

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    100/249

    99

    ,

    21

    287.

    ;

    ,

    , ,

    . , , ,

    , (

    ),

    .

    288.

    , , ,

    , .

    ,

    (

    , , ),

    (,

    , ).

    , 289

    .

    ,

    290

    . , 291

    .

    287 Ien Ang, Jay G. Blumer, John Corner, James Curran, John Fiske, Simon Frith, Cristine Geraghty,

    Peter Golbing, Michael Gurevitch, Daniel C. Hallin, Joke Hermes, Judith Lichtenberg, Sonia Livingstone,

    Denis McQuail, Graham Murdock, Michael Shudson, Anabelle Sreberny-Mohammadi, Liesbet van

    Zoonen, Janet Wasko, , , : James

    Curran & Michael Gurevitch, : , , 2009, .343-

    344.

    288.., . 361, .

    289Bradford, 1993, . 41.

    290Glynn, 1990, . 29

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    101/249

    100

    2000,

    , , ,

    , ,

    292

    .

    70

    , .

    : , , , ,

    , .

    291 Ien Ang, Jay G. Blumer, John Corner, James Curran, John Fiske, Simon Frith, Cristine Geraghty,

    Peter Golbing, Michael Gurevitch, Daniel C. Hallin, Joke Hermes, Judith Lichtenberg, Sonia Livingstone,Denis McQuail, Graham Murdock, Michael Shudson, Anabelle Sreberny-Mohammadi, Liesbet van

    Zoonen, Janet Wasko, , , : James

    Curran & Michael Gurevitch, : , , 2009, .358-

    365.

    292 ,

    , .

    , , , . , , , ,

    . :

    ,

    . , , :

    .

    ,

    . media New York Magazine John Katz

    :

    .

    , ,

    , , .

    ,

    :

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    102/249

    101

    ( , , )

    .

    .

    ,

    293.

    , ,

    ,

    , , , .

    , ,

    ,

    : , , ,

    294.

    1987, Dia Art Foundation, Hal Foster,

    .

    , ,

    , ,

    295

    .

    ,

    , , ,

    (Cartesian perspectivalism) ,

    ,

    , ,

    296

    .

    293 - , ..., , , .

    2000, : , : , , 1999, . 13-28.

    294 Vision and Visuality, Dia Art Foundation. Discussions in Contemporary Culture. Number 2, Edited

    by Hal Foster, THE NEW PRESS, New York, 1988, . Ix.

    295.., . vii-viii.

    296 , Martin Jay

    . Jonathan Crary, ,

    19

    , .

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    103/249

    102

    .

    , .

    , Garofalo297

    .

    , , .

    , :

    ,

    298

    , ,

    , ,

    . , .

    299

    , (

    )

    ,

    : . internet ,

    ,

    , ,

    300

    .

    Rosalind Krauss ,

    . ,

    , ,

    ,

    . ,

    , ,

    . ( Vision and Visuality, Dia Art Foundation. Discussions in ContemporaryCulture. Number 2, Edited by Hal Foster, THE NEW PRESS, New York, 1988, . xi-xii).

    297Garofalo, Crime and the Mass Media: A Selective Review of Research, Journal Research on Crime

    and Delinqeuncy, No 18/1981, , .

    , . 55.

    298: , : 31/7/2011. (

    ).

    299

    : , www.enet.gr , : 5/ 7/ 2009.300

    : , : 31/7/ 2011.

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    104/249

    103

    , , ,

    , , ,

    ,

    , .

    , ,

    , ,

    ,

    301

    .

    ,

    ,

    302

    .303

    .

    Zillman Wakshlag (1987)

    . ,

    , ,

    ( )

    304

    .

    Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann

    (Schweigespirale) .

    ,

    301, , , 1985,

    , .

    , . 59.

    302 .

    ,

    .58-59, Crime, Risk and Insecurity. Law and Order in Everyday Life and Political discourse,Edited by Tim Hope and Richard Sparks, . 107 108.

    303 , .

    ,

    . . , - 2002, . 55-59.

    304

    Crime, Risk and Insecurity. Law and Order in Everyday Life and Political Discourse, Edited byTim Hope and Richard Sparks, Routledge, London and New York 2000, . 109.

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    105/249

    104

    . Noelle-Neumann,

    .

    ,

    . Luhmann

    305

    .

    (

    ) . ,

    ,

    .

    ,

    ,

    .

    ,

    . , Tunstall (1977)

    , , ,

    ,

    306

    .

    ,

    ,

    ,

    307

    Stein-Hilbers (1977), : )

    , )

    ) ,

    308

    .

    305 .

    , , , ,

    1997, . 24-25.

    306.., . 26-28.

    307Urlich Beck, 1986.

    308 .

    , , , ,1997, . 83.

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    106/249

    105

    ,

    ,

    . ,

    . , ,

    , , . ,

    ,

    ,

    ,

    (

    )309

    .

    Gerbner Gross (1976)

    ()

    , , , ,

    , . ,

    ,

    (,

    )310

    .

    . Hunt

    . Cohen

    311

    .

    309.., . 83-85.

    310.., . 104-105.

    311 Stuart Waiton, The Politics of Antisocial Behaviour. Amoral Panics, Routledge, New York,

    London, 2008, .112.

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    107/249

    106

    :

    3.1.

    19

    ,

    .

    312

    .

    .

    Terman Yerkes,

    Binet,

    ,

    . ,

    , 80% ,

    313

    .

    , .

    , Boas,

    , 30.

    314

    .

    312Denis Szabo, .

    , , , 2004, . 26.

    313 Konner, 1982, . 444 Denis Szabo,

    . , ,

    , 2004, . 27.

    314Denis Szabo, .

    , , , 2004, . 28-29.

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    108/249

    107

    ,

    .

    ,

    .

    , ,

    ,

    .

    :

    ,

    , , ,

    , .

    , ,

    , . ,

    , . , ,

    ,

    , ,

    . -

    -

    315

    .

    : )

    , )

    , )

    316

    .

    315 Thorsten Sellin, , ,

    , 2003, . 75.

    316 .., . 75-76. ,

    . Sperk

    ,

    ,

    . , White

    1933 Naskapi, . (.76)

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    109/249

    108

    ,

    ,

    .

    . ,

    ,

    . , Burgess :

    ,

    317

    .

    318

    Goffman,

    , ,

    , ,

    , (

    ,

    , )319

    .

    320

    321

    ,

    , .

    , :

    317 Thorsten Sellin, , ,

    , 2003, . 76-81.

    318

    .

    (Goffman 1967,1971).

    319Anthony Giddens, , ,

    Gutenberg, 2002, . 126.

    320 , ,

    .

    321 .

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    110/249

    109

    1. , ,

    322.

    ,

    .

    , ,

    .

    2. . 1940

    . ,

    ,

    ,

    , ,

    .

    , ,

    :

    1. , .

    2. , , ,

    .

    3. , , ,

    323

    .

    ,

    .

    Weber, 324

    322 ,

    ,

    .

    323Anthony Giddens, , ,

    Gutenberg, 2002, . 298-305.

    324 Weber

    .

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    111/249

    110

    . ,

    325

    .

    Max Weber:

    -

    ,

    ,

    326

    .

    ,

    .

    Alter (1994) : ,

    ,

    . ,

    , ,

    327

    .

    Smooha (1985)

    . , Smith (1991)

    , , , ,

    , : )

    - , )

    , , , )

    328

    , )

    329

    .

    , ,

    , ,

    . , , ,

    , ,

    .

    325 . , Max Weber.

    , , . .

    , - 2001, . 69-74.

    326 Jack David Eller, From Culture to Ethnicity to Conflict. An Anthropological Perspective on

    International Ethnic Conflict, The University of Michigan Press, USA, 2002, . 7.

    327.., . 21-22.

    328 , .

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    112/249

    111

    ,

    .

    (18

    19

    )

    ,

    . ,

    . ,

    .

    330

    .

    , , , ,

    . Smith : ,

    331

    .

    .

    .

    ,

    Moscovici Annual Review of Psychology 1963,

    Durkheim 332

    ,

    333

    ,

    --334

    .

    329Jack David Eller, From Culture to Ethnicity to Conflict. An Anthropological Perspective on

    International Ethnic Conflict, The University of Michigan Press, USA, 2002 , . 22.

    330.., . 23-24.

    331 .., . 25.

    332

    .

    333 Durkheim

    ( , ,

    ).

    334 . , , , .

    , Gutenberg, 2004,

    .44-46.

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    113/249

    112

    Moscovici335

    , , ,

    ,

    , .

    ,

    . ,

    336

    .

    .

    -

    - .

    337

    .

    ,

    ,

    -.

    ,

    .

    .

    .

    ,

    . (

    )

    ,

    .

    338

    .

    , ,

    335

    , , (Moscovici, 1973)

    336Moscovici,1988.

    337Jovchelovitch, 1996.

    338 . , , , .

    , Gutenberg, 2004,

    .43-68.

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    114/249

    113

    ,

    339

    O Brown (1995)

    , , ,

    .340

    . ,

    , ,

    , , .

    .

    , ..

    .

    Lippmann (1922)

    ,

    . ,

    , , ,

    .

    ,

    ,

    - .

    ,

    341

    .

    Johnson & Mullen (1994)

    ,

    . , Park, .. (1991)

    -

    ,

    ,

    ,

    339Hilton & Von Hippel, 1996.

    340 . , , , .

    , Gutenberg, 2004,

    . 72.341 Lepore & Brown, 1997.

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    115/249

    114

    342

    .

    .

    Tannenbaum, Lemert, Kitsuse,

    Erikson. Tannenbaum

    .

    . Kitsuse, ,

    ,

    .

    ,

    . Erikson,

    Durkheim,

    .

    .

    : Thomas, Mead Becker.

    Thomas ( 1928)

    , . Mead

    .

    ,

    .

    Becker

    .

    ,

    343

    .

    344

    .

    .

    342 . , , , .

    , Gutenberg, 2004,. 72-75.

    343 , .

    , , 1996, . 239-245.

    344 . , , , .

    , Gutenberg, 2004,. 82.

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    116/249

    115

    Jock Young

    (1971) Stanley Cohen345

    1972. Cohen

    ,

    . , Critcher , 346

    .

    .

    , ,

    .

    ,

    ,

    ,

    347

    . ( ) , , .

    . ,

    . , ,

    ,

    , .

    .

    2007, : Moral Panics: Then and Now,

    348

    . Cohen

    ,

    . Hall,

    Cohen, 1970

    ,

    , ,

    . ,

    Hall ,

    349. Jenkins

    345 : Folk Devils and Moral Panics, ,

    .

    346Critcher, 2006.

    347 .

    348 Stuart Waiton, The Politics of Antisocial Behaviour. Amoral Panics, Routledge, New York,

    London, 2008, . 105.

    349Hall, 1978

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    117/249

    116

    / 350

    . ,

    .

    , ,

    ,

    ,

    ,

    .

    (amoral) .

    , , , . Toynbee :

    ,

    , 351

    ., Furedi ,

    ,

    352

    .

    ,

    ,

    .

    - ,

    ,

    ,

    .

    .

    .

    350Jenkins, 1992

    351 Stuart Waiton, The Politics of Antisocial Behaviour. Amoral Panics, Routledge, New York,

    London, 2008, . 116-117.

    352 Stuart Waiton, The Politics of Antisocial Behaviour. Amoral Panics, Routledge, New York,

    London, 2008, . 117.

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    118/249

    117

    ,

    353

    .

    ,

    .

    , Sutherland,, ,

    .

    ,

    , ,

    .

    .

    ,

    ,

    354

    .

    , ,

    , ,

    , .355

    Sellin

    . ,

    ,

    . ,

    , .

    ,

    ,

    (

    353 Street Gangs, Migration and Ethnicity, Edited by Frank van Gemert, Dana Peterson and Inger-

    Lise Lien, Willan Publishing, USA and Canada, 2008, . 5-7.

    354 , .

    , , 1996, . 190-197.

    355

    . . , , , 2005, . 110.

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    119/249

    118

    ),

    ,

    .

    356.

    Cohen

    .

    ,

    , , 357

    .

    Tarde

    : )

    , )

    , , )

    , :

    .

    358

    .

    , Merton

    ,

    .

    , ,

    .

    ,

    (

    ).

    , ,

    359

    .

    356 , .

    , , 1996, . 217-222.

    357. . , , , 2005, . 110.

    358. . , , ,

    , , 1990, . 204.

    359 , .

    , , 1996, . 160-162.

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    120/249

    119

    Cloward Ohlin

    .

    .

    ,

    , ,

    ,

    (

    : )

    , )

    , , )

    , , )

    ,

    ).

    , Merton

    Cohen

    status, Merton

    , Cloward

    360

    Miller,

    { , , , ,

    } ,

    , .

    ,

    . , , Miller

    ,

    , .

    361

    .

    360 , .

    , , 1996, . 169-176.

    361.., . 176-180.

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    121/249

    120

    ,

    .

    , ,

    . ,

    , , . , ,

    .

    ,

    . ,

    .

    ,

    , -.

    , ,

    status .

    .

    , , , ,

    .

    2005

    .

    362

    .

    Wortley Tanner 60%

    ,

    Esbensen .

    ,

    (Fiori-Khayat). ,

    White, ,

    363

    .

    362Street Gangs, Migration and Ethnicity, Edited by Frank van Gemert, Dana Peterson and Inger-Lise

    Lien, Willan Publishing, USA and Canada, 2008, . 7- 20.

    363.., . 262- 263.

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    122/249

    121

    ,

    , .

    - ,

    , , 19.

    , ,

    ,

    .

    20, 80%

    , ,

    .

    . ,

    , .

    : )

    , ,

    , )

    , )

    , )

    364

    -

    , , ,

    . ,

    , ,

    ,

    365

    . , ,

    ,

    ,

    , 366.

    364Schmid, 1995, Migration, Culture Conflict and Crime, Edited by: Joshua D. Freilich, Graeme

    Newman, S. Giora Shoham & Moshe Addad, Published by: Ashgate Dartmouth, England, 2002, .

    14-15.

    365Mueller 1998 & Marshall 1997.

    366 Marshall, 1997, : Migration, Culture Conflict and Crime, Edited by: Joshua D. Freilich,

    Graeme Newman, S. Giora Shoham & Moshe Addad, Published by: Ashgate Dartmouth, England,2002, . 18-19.

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    123/249

    122

    , , .

    . . ,

    367

    .

    ,

    , .

    , ,

    368.

    1995

    (, , , , ,

    ),

    , ,

    , ,

    ,

    , . , ,

    ,

    . , ,

    , ,

    369.

    370

    .

    .

    . , ,

    367Migration, Culture Conflict and Crime, Edited by: Joshua D. Freilich, Graeme Newman, S. Giora

    Shoham & Moshe Addad, Published by: Ashgate Dartmouth, England, 2002, . 19.

    368.., . 103-104.

    369Simon & Alexander, 1983

    370

    Migration, Culture Conflict and Crime, Edited by: Joshua D. Freilich, Graeme Newman, S. GioraShoham & Moshe Addad, Published by: Ashgate Dartmouth, England, 2002, . 69-70 77-82.

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    124/249

    123

    . Vesna Pesic371

    : , 372

    .

    ,

    :

    , ,

    , , .

    . , ,

    ,

    .

    : , ,

    . (

    373

    ). 374

    .

    : )

    , ) , -

    , .

    Halperin ,

    , , .

    ,

    371 .

    372 IGCC Working Group

    , University of California, San Diego, October 1, 1994, The InternationalSpread of Ethnic Conflict. Fear, Diffusion, and Escalation, . 7.

    373 .

    ,

    .

    , , . Posen: , , . (1993

    , 104, : The

    International Spread of Ethnic Conflict. Fear, Diffusion, and Escalation, . 17.

    374David A. Lake and Donald Rothchild,The International Spread of Ethnic Conflict. Fear, Diffusion,

    and Escalation, Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 1998, . 7-9.

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    125/249

    124

    . ,

    375

    .

    Durkheim ,

    , ,

    .

    , ,

    .376

    Durkheim ,

    ,

    ( ),

    ( :

    { }). ,

    , 377

    .

    Sorokin

    -

    - -

    378

    . , Merton ,

    ,

    .

    (

    ),

    379

    . :

    , , , , .

    Parsons

    .

    375 .., . 23-25.

    376 Dominique Schnapper, . , :

    , , , 2008, . 61.

    377.., . 61-63.

    378.., . 91.

    379 Dominique Schnapper, . , :

    , , , 2008, . 92-93.

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    126/249

    125

    .

    :

    , , , 380

    .

    Park ,

    : )

    , )

    , ) , , , ) ,

    ,

    , ,

    381

    .

    ,

    . Park

    . , ,

    382

    .

    ,

    .

    ,

    ,

    .

    .

    ,

    , 383

    .

    ,

    ,

    .

    ,

    380.., . 95.

    381.., . 119.

    382.., . 120.

    383 . , . ,

    : , , ,

    , , 2004, . 255-256.

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    127/249

    126

    384

    .

    384.., . 265.

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    128/249

    127

    3.2.

    .

    ,

    ,

    .

    : (

    : , ,

    )

    (

    : ,

    , ,

    )385

    .

    .

    . ,

    ,

    , ,

    386.

    ,

    13.12.1955 ,

    (.. 4429/1964),

    ,

    , ,

    , ,

    ( 1),

    ( 2). , . 4077/1960

    13.12.1957

    385 , :

    . , , 2001, . 34-36.

    386 . , . , ,

    , , , 2003, . 23-32.

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    129/249

    128

    (. 2462/1997), 12

    . 1

    387

    .

    . .

    1975/91, (

    , , ,

    )

    388

    .

    , .

    (

    ) . ,

    .

    . 1975/91 (

    ) ,

    ,

    .

    .

    1993

    389

    .

    .

    387 . , . , ,

    , , , 2003, . 64-65.

    388 , :

    . , , 2001, . 37-38.

    389

    , : . , , 2001, 38-40.

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    130/249

    129

    .

    ,

    ,

    , .

    ,

    , (

    )390

    .

    :

    27.9.1996, 10.3.1995, San Sebastian

    26.5.1989, , 1.12.1997,

    (. 2803/2000).

    391

    .

    . 2910/2001 (

    .

    )

    .

    .

    1990 30.000 ,

    , , 1995,

    , , , 392

    .

    1995

    ,

    .

    390.., . 214.

    391.., . 223-225.

    392 . , . , ,

    , , , 2003, . 41 . 59-60.

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    131/249

    130

    1997

    .

    ,

    , (1-3 ) (5

    ) .

    , ,

    . ,

    . {,

    , ,

    ,

    , 393

    }

    . , Drouga (1996)

    , , 50

    1% 394

    .

    , ,

    . ,

    . ,

    ,

    395.

    2001,

    762.191 , 1.500.000, .

    (57,47%),

    (4,6%), (2,88%), (1,78%), (2,3%),. ,

    .

    393.., . 41-44.

    394.., . 46.

    395

    d (dirty, dangerous, disliked) .

  • 7/29/2019 3PMS_EGL_LekkaVa

    132/249

    131

    . ,

    , .

    : :

    , , ,

    ,

    ,

    396

    .

    . ,

    , ,

    , , , .

    ,

    1975/86

    ,