gamomcemloba `siaxle~gamomcemloba `siaxle~gamomcemloba `siaxle~gamomcemloba `siaxle~gamomcemloba `siaxle~

Tbilisi 2012

saqarTvelos ekonomikur mecnierebaTa akademia

c p u

https://www.facebook.com/groups/ELLIB/

rozeta asaTiani. rozeta asaTiani. rozeta asaTiani. rozeta asaTiani. rozeta asaTiani. Tanamedrove ekonomikis enciklopediu-

ri leqsikoni. Tbilisi, gamomcemloba `siaxle~, 2012. _ 515 gv.

enciklopediuri leqsikoni moicavs Tanamedrove mikro-, mezo-, mak-

ro- da megaekonomikis rogorc Teoriul, ise praqtikul sakiTxebs,

agreTve cnobili ekonomistebis, maT Soris, nobelis premiis laureate-

bis mecnieruli moRvaweobis amsaxvel masalebs. yoveli terminis

saleqsikono statia Sedgeba misi saxelwodebis, abreviaturis (Tukiaqvs), inglisuri Sesatyvisis, etimologiisa da axsna-ganmartebisagan.

leqsikoni gankuTvnilia mecnier-ekonomistebisa da praqtikose-

bisaTvis. igi, rogorc damxmare saxelmZRvanelo masala, samsaxurs

gauwevs umaRlesi saswavleblebis ekonomikuri profilis bakalavrebs,

magistrebs, doqtorantebsa da akademiur personals, saerTod, Tanamed-

rove sabazro ekonomikis problemebiT dainteresebul mkiTxvelTa far-

To wres.

saredaqcio kolegia:saredaqcio kolegia:saredaqcio kolegia:saredaqcio kolegia:saredaqcio kolegia:

recenzentebi:recenzentebi:recenzentebi:recenzentebi:recenzentebi:

saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli

akademiis wevr-korespondentebi _ vladimer papavavladimer papavavladimer papavavladimer papavavladimer papava,

avTandil silagaZeavTandil silagaZeavTandil silagaZeavTandil silagaZeavTandil silagaZe; ekonomikur mecnierebaTa doq-

torebi, profesorebi nodarnodarnodarnodarnodar WiTanava WiTanava WiTanava WiTanava WiTanava, solomonsolomonsolomonsolomonsolomon

pavliaSvili;pavliaSvili;pavliaSvili;pavliaSvili;pavliaSvili; ekonomikis doqtorebi ioseb ar-ioseb ar-ioseb ar-ioseb ar-ioseb ar-

CvaZeCvaZeCvaZeCvaZeCvaZe, jemal kaxniaSvili. jemal kaxniaSvili. jemal kaxniaSvili. jemal kaxniaSvili. jemal kaxniaSvili.

leo Ciqavaleo Ciqavaleo Ciqavaleo Ciqavaleo Ciqava _ saqarTvelos mecniere-

baTa erovnuli akademiis wevr-korespondenti;

Teimuraz beriZe Teimuraz beriZe Teimuraz beriZe Teimuraz beriZe Teimuraz beriZe _ ekonomikur mecni-

erebaTa doqtori, profesori.

gamomcemloba `siaxle~, 2012.

ISBN 978-9941-9134-0-2

r. asaTiani, 2012;

UDC(uakuakuakuakuak) 33(031)a-871a-871a-871a-871a-871

3r ec e n z i i s m a g i e r

nebismieri mecnierebis ganviTarebisaTvis Zalze mniSvnelo-

vania Sesabamisi mecnieruli aparati da misi adekvaturi gamoy-

eneba, rac swori daskvnebis gakeTebis saSualebas iZleva. cno-

bilia, rom mecnieruli aparatis Semadgeneli nawilia zusti

terminologia, terminebis zedmiwevniT sruli ganmarteba. sa-

zogadoebrivi mecnierebebisaTvis da kerZod, ekonomikuri mec-

nierebisaTvis es garemoeba ormagad aqtualuria, vinaidan termi-

nebis saSualebiT xorcieldeba ekonomikuri movlenebisa da pro-

cesebis urTierTkavSirebis kvleva, kvlevis Sedegebis Sejameba,

metic, mecnieruli terminebis sizustisa da raodenobis mixed-

viT msjeloben ama Tu im mecnierebis ganviTarebis doneze.

bolo wlebSi saqarTvelos sacnobaro da saleqsikono eko-

nomikur literaturaSi sakmaod bevri leqsikoni Tu cnobari

gamovida ekonomikis cnebebsa da kategoriebze, rac udaod misa-

salmebelia. ganmartebiTi leqsikonebis gamosvlis dRevandeli

aucilebloba ganpirobebulia ekonomikaSi radikaluri cvlile-

bebiT, meurneobriobis Tvisebrivad axal modelze _ sabazro

ekonomikaze gadasvliT. gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba ki SeiZi-

na sabazro ekonomikis amsaxveli ekonomikuri da sabanko ter-

minologiis sistematizaciis sakiTxma.

aRniSnuli problemis gadawyvetis saqmeSi, Cveni Rrma rwme-

niT, mniSvnelovan wvlils Seitans ekonomikur mecnierebaTa

doqtoris, profesor rozeta asaTianis mier momzadebuli ` Tana-

medrove ekonomikis enciklopediuri leqsikoni~. masSi yura-

dRebas iqcevs ori monaTesave, magram mainc gansxvavebuli dar-

gis _ ekonomikisa da biznesis terminebis axsna-ganmarteba.

pirvel SemTxvevaSi avtori iZleva ekonomikis sxvadasxva mx-

aris axsnas, xolo meore SemTxvevaSi mocemulia biznesgaremoSi

konkretuli qmedebebisa da qcevebis amsaxveli terminebis gan-

4marteba, rac udaod garkveul siaxles warmoadgens saleqsikono

da sacnobaro literaturaSi.

leqsikonSi mocemulia ekonomikuri da sabanko terminebis,

saerTaSoriso ekonomikuri da safinanso institutebis, ekono-

mikuri klasifikatorebis, koncefciebis, Teoriebisa da moZRvrebe-

bis axsna-ganmarteba, gadmocemulia gamoCenili mecnier-ekono-

mistebis biografiuli monacemebi da a.S. aRsaniSnavia, rom

avtori ar ifargleba mxolod terminebis ganmartebiT, aramed

iZleva maT siRrmiseul axsnas (magaliTad, ekonomikuri Teoria,

ekonomiqsi da sxv.), rac aseve leqsikonis Rirebul mxaresa da

siaxles warmoadgens.

enciklopediuri leqsikoni, Tavisi formiTa da SinaarsiT

seriozuli ganacxadia, Sedgenilia imgvarad, rom saSualebas

aZlevs mkiTxvels ara marto profesiulad daeuflos ekono-

mikur terminologias, aramed kargad gaerkves Tanamedrove ekono-

mikis rTul urTierTkavSirebSi.

leqsikonSi warmodgenili ZiriTadi terminebis ganmartebe-

bi mTlianad Seesabameba saerTaSoriso standartebs da asaxavs

ekonomikuri mecnierebis Tanamedrove miRwevebs, rac udavod

mniSvnelovania ekonomikis globalizaciis pirobebSi.

Teimuraz beriZeTeimuraz beriZeTeimuraz beriZeTeimuraz beriZeTeimuraz beriZe

ekonomikur mecnierebaTa

doqtori, profesori

5w i n a s it y v a o b a

leqsikonSi Tavmoyrilia Tanamedrove sabazro ekonomi-kaSi gamoyenebuli terminebi da cnebebi, warmodgenilia ekonomikis

dargis msoflioSi cnobili zogierTi ucxoeli mecnierisa da

Rvawlmosili qarTveli ekonomistebis, maT Soris, saqarTvelos

mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis akademikosebisa da wevr-kores-

pondentebis biografiebi.

leqsikons erTvis statiaTa anbanuri da Tematuri saZie-

beli, msoflios qveynebis reitingi, dadgenili adamianis ganviTarebis

indeqsis (HDI) safuZvelze, agreTve qveynebisa da teritoriebisanbanuri CamonaTvali valutebisa da kodebis CvenebiT.

leqsikons safuZvlad daedo qarTuli da ucxouri eko-

nomikuri literatura (enciklopediebi, leqsikonebi, monografi-

ebi, statiebi), maT Soris, devid u. pirsis saerTo redaqciiT

gamocemuli `makmilanis Tanamedrove ekonomiqsis leqsikoni~

(meoTxe gamocema), `oqsfordis ganmartebiTi biznes-leqsikoni~,

o. blanSaris `makroekonomika~, agreTve Cveni naSromebi - `eko-

nomiqsi~ (ganmartebiTi leqsikoni, mesame gadamuSavebuli gamocema),

`Tanamedrove ekonomikis ganmartebiTi leqsikoni~, `ekonomikisa

da biznesis leqsikoni~, `momsaxureba da sabazro sistema~,

`ekonomikuri Teoria da ekonomiqsi: erTianoba da gansxvaveba~,

`globalizacia, ekonomikuri Teoria da saqarTvelo~ da a.S.

wignSi umetesad Sesulia sakuTriv avtoriseuli gansaz-

Rvrebebi, Camoyalibebuli xangrZlivi (22 wlis manZilze) samec-

niero-pedagogiuri muSaobis procesSi. amitom zogierTi ter-

mini (cneba) sxvebTan SedarebiT vrclad aris ganmartebuli.

yovelive zemoTqmulis gaTvaliswinebiT, leqsikoni, SeiZleba

iTqvas, originaluria.

vuZRvni Cemi ZvirfasivuZRvni Cemi ZvirfasivuZRvni Cemi ZvirfasivuZRvni Cemi ZvirfasivuZRvni Cemi Zvirfasi

mSoblebis mSoblebis mSoblebis mSoblebis mSoblebis _ _ _ _ _ qeTevan da SalvaqeTevan da SalvaqeTevan da SalvaqeTevan da SalvaqeTevan da Salva

asaTianebis naTel xsovnasasaTianebis naTel xsovnasasaTianebis naTel xsovnasasaTianebis naTel xsovnasasaTianebis naTel xsovnas

6mocemuli terminebi da cnebebi exeba ara mxolod ekono-

mikis erT romelime sferos, aramed mTel ekonomikas, rogorc

mikro-, ise mezo-, makro- da megaekonomikas.

enciklopediuri leqsikoni Sedgenilia Semdegi wesebis dacviT:

1. sasaTauro terminebi, cnebebi, gamoTqmebi dalagebulia

qarTuli anbanis mixedviT;

2. sasaTauro sityva (sityvebi) gamoyofilia naxevrad

Savi mTavruli SriftiT;

3. terminis ganmarteba mocemulia mxolod ekonomikur

aspeqtSi;

4. sasaTauro sityvis (sityvebis) Semdeg frCxilebSi mo-

cemulia inglisuri Sesatyvisi;

5. Tu sasaTauro sityva ucxouri warmoSobisaa, inglisuri

Sesatyvisis Semdeg transkrifciaSi mocemulia misi etimologia;

6. niSani ` < ~ niSnavs: warmodgeba... gan;

7. leqsikonSi qarTul enaze mocemulia Tanamedrove piro-

bebSi damkvidrebuli inglisuri sityvebisagan momdinare

abreviaturebi. mag., kaf-i (CAF - Cost and Freight _ Rirebuleba dafraxti).

vfiqrobT, ganmartebiTi leqsikoni daexmareba mkiTxvels,

gaerkves sabazro urTierTobebis rTul labirinTebSi, amasTan, igi

xels Seuwyobs saqarTveloSi sabazro ekonomikis terminebisa da

cnebebis gavrceleba-damkvidrebas.

did madlobas vuxdi saredaqcio kolegiasa da recenzen-

tebs gaweuli SromisaTvis.

mkiTxvelis yvela obieqtur SeniSvnasa da winadadebas avto-

ri madlierebis grZnobiT miiRebs da gaiTvaliswinebs Semdgom

gamocemaSi.

rororororozeta asaTianizeta asaTianizeta asaTianizeta asaTianizeta asaTiani

ekonomikur mecnierebaTa

doqtori, profesori

Tbilisi

aprili, 2012

7leqsikonSi gamoyenebuli abreviaturebi

bsp - biznesis socialuri pasuxismgebloba

gaero - gaerTianebuli erebis organizacia

eas - erovnul angariSTa sistema

emf - erTpirovnuli mflobelobis firma

Tez - Tavisufali ekonomikuri zona

mep - mTliani erovnuli produqti

mesk moxalise eqspertTa saerTaSoriso korpusi

mtp - mecnierul-teqnologiuri progresi

mSp - mTliani Sida produqti

sif - Rirebuleba, dazRveva, fraxti

srn - savaldebulo rezervebis norma

ssdk - saerTaSoriso standartuli dargobrivi klasifikacia

ssf saerTaSoriso savaluto fondi

fss federaluri sarezervo sistema

Sps - SezRuduli pasuxismgeblobis sazogadoeba

Sso Sromis saerTaSoriso organizacia

ASPE sazogadoebrivi seqtoris ekonomikis mkvlevarTa asociaciaEACT Tavisufali vaWrobis evropuli asociaciaEBRD evropis rekonstruqciisa da ganviTarebis bankiEC evropuli gaerTianebaEEC evropuli ekonomikuri gaerTianebaEMPI valutis bazarze zewolis indeqsiEU evrokavSiriEU-GBC evrokavSir-saqarTvelos biznessabWoGATT tarifebisa da vaWrobis Sesaxeb generaluri SeTanxmebaHDI - adamianis ganviTarebis indeqsiIBRD rekonstruqciisa da ganviTarebis saerTaSoriso bankiISIC - yvela saxis ekonomikuri saqmianobis saerTaSoriso standartuli

samrewvelo klasifikacia

MNC transerovnuli (transnacionaluri) korporaciaNACE - evropuli kavSiris ekonomikuri saqmianobis mTavari samrewvelo

klasifikacia

NICs axali industriuli qveynebiOECD - ekonomikuri TanamSromlobisa da ganviTarebis organizaciaUSAID aSS-is saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis saagentoWTO msoflio savaWro organizacia

8qarTuli anbani

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bbbbb ban

ggggg gan

ddddd don

eeeee en

vvvvv vin

zzzzz zen

TTTTT Tan

iiiii in

kkkkk kan

lllll las

mmmmm man

nnnnn nar

ooooo on

ppppp par

JJJJJ Jan

rrrrr rae

sssss san

ttttt tar

uuuuu un

fffff far

qqqqq qan

RRRRR Ran

yyyyy yar

SSSSS Sin

CCCCC Cin

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ZZZZZ Zil

wwwww wil

WWWWW War

xxxxx xan

jjjjj jan

hhhhh hae

9aaaaaabandonmenti abandonmenti abandonmenti abandonmenti abandonmenti (abandon-

ment) - - - - - dazRveuli qonebisdakargvis, ganadgurebis an sxva

msgavs SemTxvevaSi (mag., gemis

CaZirvis gamo), sakuTrebis uf-

lebaze uaris Tqmisa da aRniS-

nuli faqtis dadasturebis sa-

fuZvelze, mzRvevelis mier daz-

Rvevis Tanxis mTlianad gadax-

da mesakuTrisaTvis.

absenteizmi absenteizmi absenteizmi absenteizmi absenteizmi (absenteeism)----- 1. samsaxuridan daTxovna sa-

muSaos arasapatio mizeziT

gacdenis gamo; 2. warmoebis fi-

nansuri marTvis gamocalkave-

ba misi teqnologiuri aspeqte-

bisgan.

absoluturi mogeba absoluturi mogeba absoluturi mogeba absoluturi mogeba absoluturi mogeba (ab-solute profit) im Semosavlis to-li mogeba, romelsac firma iR-

ebs saqonlis (momsaxurebis)

gayidviT, danaxarjebis gamo-

qviTvis Semdeg.

absoluturi upirateso-absoluturi upirateso-absoluturi upirateso-absoluturi upirateso-absoluturi upirateso-

bababababa (absolute advantage) - - - - - 1. upi-ratesoba, romelic aqvs erT

mwarmoebels sxvebTan Sedare-

biT maRali Sromis mwarmoeb-

lurobis safuZvelze erTeu-

li produqciis warmoebaze na-

klebi resursebis gamoyenebis

Sedegad; 2. upiratesoba, romel-

ic aqvs erT qveyanas sxvebTan

SedarebiT, Tu mas, gamomdinare

Tavisi bunebrivi (natural advan-tage) an SeZenili (acquired ad-vantage) upiratesobebidan (xe-lsayreli bunebrivi pirobebi,

mowinave teqnologia, kvalifi-

ciuri samuSao Zala da a.S.),

SeuZlia ufro efeqtianad awar-

moos (erTeul danaxarjze meti

produqcia miiRos) esa Tu is

saqoneli. saerTaSoriso vaWro-

ba ki iZleva imis SesaZleblo-

bas, rom TiToeuli qveyana

daspecialdes im saqonlis war-

moebaSi, romlisTvisac mas aqvs

es konkretuli upiratesobebi.

mag., iaponias, SeZenili upirate-

sobis safuZvelze, imis gamo,

rom aqvs mowinave teqnologia,

hyavs maRalkvalificiuri spe-

cialistebi, SeuZlia bevrad

iafad awarmoos, vTqvaT, motori-

zebuli gadazidvis saSuale-

bebi, vidre zogierT sxva qveya-

nas. uzbekeTs, bunebrivi upi-

ratesobebidan gamomdinare,

ufro efeqtianad SeuZlia awar-

moos bamba, vidre ukrainas, bal-

tiispireTis qveynebs da bevr

sxva qveyanas. saqarTvelos, aseve,

bunebrivi upiratesobebidan ga-

momdinare, gacilebiT efeqti-

anad SeuZlia awarmoos xili,

vidre ruseTsa da zogierT sxva

qveyanas. magram saerTaSorisosaerTaSorisosaerTaSorisosaerTaSorisosaerTaSoriso

vaWrobaSi sxvaoba absolu-vaWrobaSi sxvaoba absolu-vaWrobaSi sxvaoba absolu-vaWrobaSi sxvaoba absolu-vaWrobaSi sxvaoba absolu-

tur xarjebs Soris ar as-tur xarjebs Soris ar as-tur xarjebs Soris ar as-tur xarjebs Soris ar as-tur xarjebs Soris ar as-

rulebs mTavar rols, aq ar-rulebs mTavar rols, aq ar-rulebs mTavar rols, aq ar-rulebs mTavar rols, aq ar-rulebs mTavar rols, aq ar-

absoluturi upiratesobaabsoluturi upiratesobaabsoluturi upiratesobaabsoluturi upiratesobaabsoluturi upiratesoba

10

sebisebisebisebisebiTia mocemuli saqonlisTia mocemuli saqonlisTia mocemuli saqonlisTia mocemuli saqonlisTia mocemuli saqonlis

warmoebis alternatiul Ri-warmoebis alternatiul Ri-warmoebis alternatiul Ri-warmoebis alternatiul Ri-warmoebis alternatiul Ri-

rebrebrebrebrebulebebs Soris gansxva-ulebebs Soris gansxva-ulebebs Soris gansxva-ulebebs Soris gansxva-ulebebs Soris gansxva-

veba. veba. veba. veba. veba. roca es Rirebuleba mo-

cemul qveyanaSi ufro daba-

lia, vidre sxva qveyanaSi, maSin

saqme gvaqvs SefardebiT upi-

ratesobasTan.

absoluturi upirateso-absoluturi upirateso-absoluturi upirateso-absoluturi upirateso-absoluturi upirateso-

bisbisbisbisbis Teoria Teoria Teoria Teoria Teoria (theory of absoluteadvantage) - - - - - Teoria, romlis mi-xedviTac A qveyanas, romelsacaqvs bunebrivi (xelsayreli bu-

nebrivi pirobebi) an SeZenili

(mowinave teqnologia, kvali-

ficiuri samuSao Zala da a.S.)

upiratesobebi, SeuZlia ufro

efeqtianad awarmoos esa Tu is

saqoneli (e.i. gamouSvas erTeul

danaxarjze meti produqcia),

vidre B qveyanas.ar aris aucilebeli aseTi

saxis absoluturi upiratesoba

niSnavdes imas, rom A qveyanasSeuZlia warmatebiT moaxdinos

am saqonlis eqsporti B qveya-naSi, vinaidan B qveyana SeiZle-ba flobdes SefardebiT upi-

ratesobas mocemuli saqonlis

warmoebaSi.

absoluturi upiratesobis

Teoria pirvelad daamuSava a.

smiTma naSromSi: `gamokvleva

xalxTa simdidris bunebisa da

mizezebis Sesaxeb~.

absoluturi fasebi absoluturi fasebi absoluturi fasebi absoluturi fasebi absoluturi fasebi (ab-solute prices) SefardebiTi

fasebisgan gansxvavebiT, uSua-

lod fuliT, fuladi erTeu-

liT gamoxatuli fasebi saqo-

nelsa da momsaxurebaze.

absorbcia absorbcia absorbcia absorbcia absorbcia (absorption) wer-tili (zRvari), romelic gamoxa-

tavs bazris gajerebas fasiani

qaRaldebiT da yoveli damate-

biTi partia uaryofiT gavle-

nas axdens fasze.

agenti agenti agenti agenti agenti (agent) [

11

da a.S.

agraruli revolucia agraruli revolucia agraruli revolucia agraruli revolucia agraruli revolucia (ag-rarian revolution) organizaciu-li da teqnikuri cvlilebebis

safuZvelze sasoflo-sameurneo

warmoebis mniSvnelovani gazr-

da. agraruli revolucia mWid-

ro kavSirSia industrializa-

ciasTan. igi gulisxmobs mzard

investiciebs agrarul seqtorSi

(soflis meurneobaSi, satyeo

meurneobaSi, nadirobasa da me-

TevzeobaSi) Tanamedrove man-

qana-mowyobilobebis danergvis,

miwaTmoqmedebis, mecxoveleobisa

da mevenaxeobis ganviTarebis

mizniT. yovelive es ganapirobebs

Sromis mwarmoeblurobis mk-

veTr amaRlebas, kapitalukuge-

bis gadidebas, rac, agraruli

seqtoris gadidebasTan erTad,

xels uwyobs samuSao Zalis

gamoTavisuflebas agraruli

warmoebidan da mis dasaqmebas

momsaxurebis an industriul

seqtorebSi, rogorc es damaxa-

siaTebelia ganviTarebuli qvey-

nebisaTvis.

agraruli seqtori agraruli seqtori agraruli seqtori agraruli seqtori agraruli seqtori (ag-rarian sector) - - - - - ekonomikis seq-tori, romlis Semadgenloba-

Sic Sedis sasoflo-----sameurneo

SromiT dasaqmebuli, kvebis

produqtebisa da nedleulis

(xe-----tye, bamba da a.S.) mwarmoe-

beli mosaxleoba. igi, rogorc

wesi, ekonomikis SedarebiT da-

balSemosavliani seqtoria,

garkveulwilad Sedgeba arasa-

saqonlo meurneobebisagan da

ekonomikaSi misi maRali xved-

riTi wona ZiriTadad damaxas-

iaTebelia ganviTarebadi qvey-

nebisaTvis.

gaeros ssdkssdkssdkssdkssdk-----is mixedviT,

agraruli seqtori ekonomikis

pirveladi seqtoria. masSi Se-

dis soflis meurneoba, satyeo

meurneoba, nadiroba da meTev-

zeoba.

agregireba agregireba agregireba agregireba agregireba (aggregation)[

12

leobis ganaTlebis donis ind-

eqsi. maTi SejerebiT gamoiyva-

neba saSualo maCvenebeli, rome-

lic gamoxatavs mocemuli qvey-

nis reitings adamianis ganvi-

Tarebis indeqsis mixedviT.

aRniSnuli maCveneblis mi-

xedviT qveynebi iyofa 4 jgu-

fad: 1. Zalian maRali indeqsis

mqone; 2. maRali indeqsis mqone;

3. saSualo indeqsis mqone da

4. dabali indeqsis mqone qvey-

nebad. 2011 wels gamokvleu-

li 187 saxelmwifodan Zalze

maRali donisaa 47, maRali do-

nis _ _ _ _ _ 47, saSualo donis _ _ _ _ _ 47,

xolo dabali donis _ _ _ _ _ 46 qve-

yana. saqarTvelo HDI-----is mixed-viT maRali reitingis mqone

saxelmwifoTa jgufs ganekuT-

vneba da uWiravs 75-----e adgili.

adamianiseuli kapitaliadamianiseuli kapitaliadamianiseuli kapitaliadamianiseuli kapitaliadamianiseuli kapitali

(human capital) ----- inteleqtua-luri kapitali, romelic gamo-

xatavs adamianis profesiul

dones, mis ganaTlebas, kvali-

fikacias, codnas da gamocdile-

bas. rac ufro maRalia misi

xarisxi, miT ufro maRalia Sro-

mis mwarmoebluroba.

adamianiseul kapitals qmnis

investiciebi adamianiseul re-

sursebSi, romlis mizania TviT

adamianis, misi inteleqtualuri

potencialis, SemoqmedebiTi

unaris ganviTarebis safuZvelze

warmoebis efeqtianobis amaR-

leba. aseTi investirebis mi-

zanSewoniloba damokidebulia

imaze, ramdenad metia Semosav-

lebi danaxarjebze da dacu-

lia Tu ara standartuli sa-

investicio kriteriumebi.

zogierTi ekonomistis, mag.,

j. kendrikis azriT, adamianise-

uli kapitalis Rirebuleba un-

da Sevides erToblivi aqtive-

bis Rirebulebasa da sazoga-

doebis erovnul simdidreSi.

adaptaciis lagi adaptaciis lagi adaptaciis lagi adaptaciis lagi adaptaciis lagi (adapta-tion lag) - - - - - drois periodi cvli-lebis Sesaxeb signalis miRe-

bidan adaptaciis dawyebamde.

adgilobrivi biujetiadgilobrivi biujetiadgilobrivi biujetiadgilobrivi biujetiadgilobrivi biujeti

(local budget) - - - - - xelisuflebisadgilobrivi organoebis, munici-

paluri warmonaqmnis biujeti,

romelsac adgenen, amtkiceben

da gankargaven adgilobrivi

TviTmmarTvelobis organoebi.

adendumi adendumi adendumi adendumi adendumi (addendum) [

13

nakveTi administraciis mier

gadawyvetilebis miRebidan misi

aRsrulebis dawyebamde. lagis

es saxeoba gansakuTrebul gav-

lenas axdens fulad-----sakredi-

to politikaze. misi xangr-

Zlivoba damokidebulia marTvis

efeqtianobaze da mis swraf

reagirebaze, an iSviaT, magram

ufro radikalur cvlilebebze.

administraciuli fasiadministraciuli fasiadministraciuli fasiadministraciuli fasiadministraciuli fasi

(administrative price) - - - - - fasi, ro-melic dgindeba fizikuri an iu-

ridiuli pirebis gadawyvetile-

biT da ar aris sabazro Zalebis

obieqturi TamaSis Sedegi. admi-

nistraciuli fasis dadgena Se-

iZleba im SemTxvevaSi, rode-

sac saqonels yidis monopolis-

ti an saxelmwifo organo. sa-

pirispiroa _ _ _ _ _ moqnili fasi.

avali avali avali avali avali (aval) (frang. aval) -----saTamasuqo Tavdeboba, romelsac

kisrulobs mesame piri (aval-

isti) gansakuTrebuli sagar-

antio baraTis gacemiT. aval-

istis xelis mowera aucile-

belia Tamasuqis winapirze an

damatebiT furcelze _ _ _ _ _ alon-

Jze. sagareo-----savaWro garige-

bebSi avalistis rolSi gamo-

dis importioris banki.

avansi avansi avansi avansi avansi (advance) (frang.avance) _ _ _ _ _ fuladi Tanxa, rome-lic winaswar gaicema momava-

li gadasaxdelis xarjze. Cveu-

lebriv, avansis saxiT gaicema

gadasaxdeli Tanxis daaxloe-

biT 10-----40%.

avansireba avansireba avansireba avansireba avansireba (advancement)(frang. avancer) - - - - - avansis gacema.

avansirebuli kapitaliavansirebuli kapitaliavansirebuli kapitaliavansirebuli kapitaliavansirebuli kapitali

(advance capital) - - - - - warmoebaSiwinaswar dabandebuli kapita-

li fuladi Tanxis an qone-

brivi faseulobis saxiT.

avantaJi avantaJi avantaJi avantaJi avantaJi (avantage) (frang.avantage) - - - - - xelsayreli mdgo-mareoba, pirovnebis (jgufis)

sargebloba, upiratesoba.

averaJi averaJi averaJi averaJi averaJi (averaging) - - - - - sabir-Jo TamaSis strategia, romel-

ic iTvaliswinebs drois gar-

kveul SualedSi gamoSvebuli

aqciebis yidva-----gayidvas misi kur-

sis cvlilebis Sesabamisad.

aviazednadebi aviazednadebi aviazednadebi aviazednadebi aviazednadebi (airway bill)- - - - - aviatvirTbaraTi, gadazidvis

kontraqtis damadasturebeli

savaWro qviTari.

avizo avizo avizo avizo avizo (aviso, advice) [

14

nis banki meanabres, misi anabris

erTi angariSidan meoreze gada-

tanis Sesaxeb.

aaaaavista vista vista vista vista (a vista) [

15

erToblivi moTxovnis stimu-

lirebaze. rodesac ekonomika-

Si iwyeba vardna, mTavrobis mier

gadasaxadebis saxiT akrefili

Tanxa avtomaturad mcirdeba,

vinaidan recesiis periodSi

yvela saxis Semosavali (maT

Soris xelfasi, mogeba da a.S.)

mcirdeba da sagadasaxado Se-

natanebic saxelmwifo biujetSi

klebulobs (imis gamo, rom maTi

sidide uSualod ekonomikuri

saqmianobis Sedegebzea damok-

idebuli). sagadasaxado amon-

agebis avtomaturi Semcireba

astimulirebs erTobliv moTx-

ovnas da, aqedan gamomdinare,

amcirebs ekonomikur ryeva-

dobas.

imis gamo, rom ekonomikuri

aRmavlobis periodSi yvela

saxis Semosavali (maT Soris

xelfasi, mogeba da a.S.) izrdeba,

sagadasaxado Senatanebic sax-

elmwifo biujetSi matulobs.

avtomaturi stabiliza-

toris rols saxelmwifo so-

cialuri xarjebic asrulebs.

kerZod, recesiis dros, rode-

sac ikveceba samuSao adgile-

bi, is pirebi, romlebmac dakarg-

es samuSao, iReben sxvadasxva

saxis fulad daxmarebas (maT

Soris, umuSevrobisTvis dazRve-

vas). saxelmwifo socialuri

xarjebis avtomaturi gadide-

ba astimulirebs erTobliv

moTxovnas da, maSasadame, am-

cirebs ekonomikur ryevadobas.

avtomaturi stabiliza-

torebis efeqtianoba arc ise

maRalia, rom mTlianad mospos

ekonomikaSi moklevadiani vard-

nis SemTxvevebi, magram igi war-

moqmnis stabilurobis elemen-

tebs, umuSevrobisa da inflaci-

is winaaRmdeg asrulebs e.w.

CaSenebuli stabilizatoris

rols. amitom avtomatur sta-

bilizatorebs CaSenebul sta-

bilizatorebsac uwodeben.

avtonomiuri investi-avtonomiuri investi-avtonomiuri investi-avtonomiuri investi-avtonomiuri investi-

cia cia cia cia cia (autonomous investment) -----kapitaldabandeba, romelic ar

aris dakavSirebuli Semosav-

lebis donis cvlilebasTan.

aseTi investiciebis magaliTad

gamodgeba saxelmwifo kapi-

taldabandebebi, is investicie-

bi, romlebic xmardeba gamog-

onebebs, agreTve grZelvadiani

investiciebis is nawili, romel-

Ta anazRaureba swrafad ar

xdeba.

avtonomiuri xarjebiavtonomiuri xarjebiavtonomiuri xarjebiavtonomiuri xarjebiavtonomiuri xarjebi

(autonomous expenditures) xarjebi, romlebic Semosavleb-

isgan damoukideblad ganixileba

modelSi _ Semosavlebi-xarjebi.

aseTia, magaliTad, saxelmwifo

xarjebi, investiciebis zogier-

Ti saxeoba (avtonomiuri inves-

ticiebi), saeqsporto xarjebi

da a.S.

avtonomiuri xarjebiavtonomiuri xarjebiavtonomiuri xarjebiavtonomiuri xarjebiavtonomiuri xarjebi

16

avuari avuari avuari avuari avuari (asset) [

17

siaim~. 2009 wlis monaceme-

biT, gaerTianebuli kompaniis

`aldagi bisiais~ wili bazris

41,3%-----s Seadgens.

ale moris ale moris ale moris ale moris ale moris (daib. 1911) (Al-ais Morris) - - - - - frangi ekonomisti,neoliberaluri mimarTulebis

warmomadgeneli, nobelis premi-

is laureati ekonomikis darg-

Si (1988). mieniWa novatoruli

wvlilisTvis bazrisa da re-

sursebis efeqtiani gamoyenebis

TeoriaSi.

alokaciuri efeqtia-alokaciuri efeqtia-alokaciuri efeqtia-alokaciuri efeqtia-alokaciuri efeqtia-

noba noba noba noba noba (allocative efficiency) - - - - - 1.produqciis warmoebis opti-

maluri anu saukeTeso kombi-

nacia resursebis efeqtiani ko-

mbinaciis gziT; resursebis ise-

Ti kombinacia, rodesac produ-

qcias awarmoeben minimaluri

alternatiuli danaxarjebiT.

resursebis aseT gamoyenebas

teqnikur efeqtianobasac uwo-

deben; 2. situacia, rodesac

SeuZlebelia reorganizaciiT

an gacvliT erTi individis

moTxovnilebebis dakmayofileba

meoris interesebis Selaxvis

gareSe. meore saxelwodebaa

pareto-efeqtianoba.pareto-efeqtianoba.pareto-efeqtianoba.pareto-efeqtianoba.pareto-efeqtianoba.

alokaciuri funqcia alokaciuri funqcia alokaciuri funqcia alokaciuri funqcia alokaciuri funqcia (al-location function) - - - - - saxelmwifosSemosavlebisa da xarjebis

politikis nawili, romelic

iTvaliswinebs ekonomikaSi gan-

sazRvruli saxis saqonlisa da

momsaxurebis warmoebas. sax-

elmwifos alokaciuri funq-

cia aucileblobiTaa ganpirobe-

buli, vinaidan garkveuli sax-

is dovlaTi, romelic sazoga-

doebrivi saqonlis saxelwodeb-

iTaa cnobili, ar SeiZleba sa-

bazro fasiT miewodos sazoga-

doebas. saxelmwifos es funq-

cia ukavSirdeba agreTve gare

efeqtebis, eqsternaliebis prob-

lemas, rodesac erTi indivi-

dis moqmedebas sxvebisTvis mo-

aqvs xarji an mogeba.

alokaciuri funqcia saxel-

mwifos sami funqciidan erT-----er-

Tia, romlis gansazRvrac r. a.

masgreivsa da sxva avtorebs

ekuTvniT. arsebobs agreTve

saxelmwifos gamanawilebeli

da stabilizaciuri funqcie-

bi. miuxedavad imisa, rom Teo-

riulad am funqciebis erTmane-

Tisagan gamijvna Zalze mox-

erxebulia, praqtikaSi isini

xSirad gaerTianebulia.

aseTi dayofis mniSvnelo-

ba imaSi mdgomareobs, rom vi-

naidan, fasebis meqanizmi ver

iZleva signals potenciuri

moTxovnis Sesaxeb, sabazro

ekonomikaSi SeiZleba dairRves

arsebuli wonasworoba.

alonJi alonJi alonJi alonJi alonJi (allonge [

18

baraTi, avali.

alpari alpari alpari alpari alpari (al par) - - - - - fasianiqaRaldebis, valutis, Tamasu-

qis sabazro (sabirJo) kursis

toloba maT nominalTan (nom-

inalur RirebulebasTan).

alternativa alternativa alternativa alternativa alternativa (alternative)[laT. alter erTi oridan] ur-TierTgamomricxavi SesaZleb-

loba; ori an ramdenime SesaZ-

leblobidan erTi variantis

arCeva, romelsac aqvs upirate-

soba (maT Soris, ekonomikuri).

alternatiuli danaxalternatiuli danaxalternatiuli danaxalternatiuli danaxalternatiuli danaxFH-FH-FH-FH-FH-

jjjjjB (B (B (B (B (RirebulebaRirebulebaRirebulebaRirebulebaRirebuleba) ) ) ) ) (opportunitycost) - - - - - xelidan gaSvebuli Sesa-Zleblobebis danaxarji (Rire-

buleba), im saqonlisa da mom-

saxurebis alternatiuli dan-

axarji, romelTa daTmoba auci-

lebelia mocemuli saqonlisa

da momsaxurebis sawarmoeblad

an SesaZenad. sxva sityvebiT,

ama Tu im saqonlis sawarmoe-

blad garkveuli resursebis

arCeva niSnavs sxva, alterna-

tiuli saqonlis warmoebis Seu-

Zleblobas.

nebismier qveyanas, ganviTare-

bis donis miuxedavad, aqvs war-

moebrivi SesaZleblobis zRvari.

mas ar SeuZlia ganusazRvre-

lad gazardos warmoeba sru-

li dasaqmebis pirobebSic ki,

vinaidan yvela moTxovnis dakma-

yofileba SeuZlebelia resur-

sebis ukmarisobis gamo. resur-

sebis SezRuduloba iwvevs war-

moebis SezRudvasac. amitom

raime saqonlis warmoeba gana-

pirobebs imave resursebis

gamoyenebaze uaris Tqmas sxva,

alternatiuli produqtis

sawarmoeblad. amrigad, yvela

danaxarji, garkveulwilad, al-

ternatiulia. realur warmoe-

briv saqmianobaSi aucilebelia

gaTvaliswinebuli iyos ara mxo-

lod faqtobrivi fuladi, ara-

med alternatiuli danaxar-

jic.

amalgamacia amalgamacia amalgamacia amalgamacia amalgamacia (amalgama-tion) [frang. amalgame

19

is procesSi; cveTis kvaloba-

ze ZiriTadi kapitalis Rire-

bulebis gadatana mza produ-

qciaze; 2. fuladi saxsrebis

miznobrivi gadaricxva da da-

groveba ZiriTadi kapitalis

cveTis anazRaurebis mizniT

Semdgomi gamoyenebisaTvis; 3.

valis TandaTanobiTi dafarva

grafikis mixedviT, perioduli

Senatanebis an valdebulebeb-

is gamosyidvis gziT.

amortizaciis norma amortizaciis norma amortizaciis norma amortizaciis norma amortizaciis norma (am-ortization rate) - - - - - amortizaciiswliuri Tanxis procentuli

Sefardeba ZiriTadi kapitalis

pirvandel sabalanso Rirebule-

basTan. amortizaciis wliuri

normebi diferencirebulia Zir-

iTadi kapitalis saxeobaTa

mixedviT.

ampliacia ampliacia ampliacia ampliacia ampliacia (ampliatio) xel-werilis asli fulis miRebis

Sesaxeb.

amxanagoba amxanagoba amxanagoba amxanagoba amxanagoba (company) - - - - - fi-zikuri an iuridiuli pirebis

gaerTianeba erToblivi ekono-

mikuri saqmianobisTvis. ganasx-

vaveben Sereul (komanditur)

da srul amxanagobas.

anabari anabari anabari anabari anabari (deposit) - - - - - bankSiSesanaxad da sargeblis miReb-

is mizniT Setanili fuladi

Tanxa. arsebobs vadiani da mo-

kiTxvamde anabari. vadiani ana-

bari garkveuli vadiT Seit-

aneba bankSi, xolo mokiTxvam-

de anabari _ _ _ _ _ Senaxvis vadis

miuTiTeblad.

angariSgeba angariSgeba angariSgeba angariSgeba angariSgeba (reporting) -----firmebis, organizaciebis mier

TavianTi ekonomikuri saqmiano-

bis Sesaxeb angariSebis peri-

odulad Sedgena.

angariSi angariSi angariSi angariSi angariSi (account) - - - - - gan-sazRvruli formiT Sedgenili

dokumenti, romelic gamoiyene-

ba ekonomikuri saqmianobis ama

Tu im aspeqtis gamosaxatavad.

mag., drois garkveul monakveT-

Si aqtivisa da pasivis, an kidev,

maTi maragis cvlilebebis an-

gariSi, romelic SeiZleba iyos

auditoruli, buRaltruli,

kapitalis moZraobis, komerci-

uli, mimdinare operaciebis, moge-

bisa da zaralis, sakorespon-

dento, fiduciaruli da a.S.

angariSsworeba angariSsworeba angariSsworeba angariSsworeba angariSsworeba (payment,settlement) - - - - - fulis gadaxdavaldebulebebis mixedviT naR-

di an unaRdo formiT. angariS-

sworeba SeiZleba ganxorciel-

des akreditiviT, CekebiT an sxva

saxis fasiani qaRaldebiT, kred-

itebiT, urTierTmoTxovnebis

CaTvliT, xelfasebis gacemiTa

da a.S.

angariSsworebis angari-angariSsworebis angari-angariSsworebis angari-angariSsworebis angari-angariSsworebis angari-

Si Si Si Si Si (paying account) - - - - - angariSi,romelsac banki uxdis iurid-

iul pirebs fuladi saxsrebis

Sesanaxad da sxva iuridiul da

fizikur pirebTan angariSswo-

angariSsworebis angariangariSsworebis angariangariSsworebis angariangariSsworebis angariangariSsworebis angariSiSiSiSiSi

20

rebis ganxorcielebisaTvis.

angariSangariSangariSangariSangariS-----faqtura faqtura faqtura faqtura faqtura (invo-ice) - - - - - savaWro garigebis amsax-veli dokumenti, romelsac gamy-

idveli adgens da ugzavnis

myidvels; Seicavs saqonlis mi-

wodebis sabaziso pirobebs. igi

moicavs cnobebs gasayidi saqon-

lisa da fasis Sesaxeb, aseve,

warmoadgens angariSsworebisaT-

vis gadaxdis safuZvels. anga-

riS-faqtura adasturebs saqon-

lis an momsaxurebis faqtob-

riv miwodebas myidvelisaTvis.

anderaitingi anderaitingi anderaitingi anderaitingi anderaitingi (underwrit-ing) - - - - - bolo gamoSvebis fasianiqaRaldebis SeZena maTi gayid-

vis mizniT. Cveulebriv an-

deraitings axorcieleben sa-

investicio dilerebi _ _ _ _ _ an-

deraiterebi.

anketa anketa anketa anketa anketa (form, questionnaire[frang. enquete] - - - - - gamokiTxvisfurceli, ZiriTadi dokumenti

anketirebis gziT gamokvlevis

CatarebisaTvis.

anketireba anketireba anketireba anketireba anketireba (inquiry) - - - - - sxva-dasxva movlenasa da RonisZie-

baze mosaxleobis socialur-----

fsiqologiuri reaqciis Sesaxeb

informaciis miRebis meTodi.

anketirebis procedura Sedge-

ba anketirebis SemuSavebis, gavr-

celebis, damuSavebisa da ana-

lizisagan.

anketireba aris uSualo

(interviu) an gaSualebuli (an-

keta) gziT respondentisagan

(piri, romlis gamokiTxvac xde-

ba) pirveladi, verbaluri (si-

tyvieri) informaciis Sekreba.

es meTodi farTod gamoiyeneba

sazogadoebrivi azris Sesas-

wavlad.

antidempinguri gadasa-antidempinguri gadasa-antidempinguri gadasa-antidempinguri gadasa-antidempinguri gadasa-

xadixadixadixadixadi (anti-----dumping duties) - - - - - saba-Jo gadasaxadi, romelic icavs

erovnul mrewvelobas dempin-

guri (xelovnurad daqveiTebu-

li) fasis mqone saqonlis im-

portisagan.

antidempinguri kanon-antidempinguri kanon-antidempinguri kanon-antidempinguri kanon-antidempinguri kanon-

mdebloba mdebloba mdebloba mdebloba mdebloba (anti-----dumping legis-lation) - - - - - dempingis winaaRmdegmimarTuli specialuri samarT-

lebrivi aqtebi da debulebebi.

antidovlaTi antidovlaTi antidovlaTi antidovlaTi antidovlaTi (bad) - - - - - pro-duqti, romelsac momxmareb-

lisTvis uaryofiTi efeqti

moaqvs. es termini farTod aris

gavrcelebuli Tanamedrove

ekonomikur literaturaSi. mas

gansakuTrebiT xSirad iyeneben

gare efeqtebTan dakavSirebu-

li xarjebis ganxilvisas.

antimonopoliuri ka-antimonopoliuri ka-antimonopoliuri ka-antimonopoliuri ka-antimonopoliuri ka-

nonmdebloba nonmdebloba nonmdebloba nonmdebloba nonmdebloba (anti-----trust laws)- - - - - msoflios mravali qveynis

kanonmdebloba, romelic iTval-

iswinebs warmoebis metismeti

monopolizaciis (firmebis Ser-

wyma, erTi firmis mier meoris

STanTqma, kanonsawinaaRmdego

SeTanxmebebi bazrebis ganawi-

angariSangariSangariSangariSangariS-----faqturafaqturafaqturafaqturafaqtura

21

lebisa da fasebis dadgenis miz-

niT) SezRudvas. antimonopo-

liuri kanonebi xels uwyobs

konkurenciis ganviTarebas, icavs

mcire da saSualo firmebs.

anticianticianticianticianticipacia pacia pacia pacia pacia (anticipation)[

22

sapatimroebSi da a.S. myofi

pirebi).

arakanonieri warmoebaarakanonieri warmoebaarakanonieri warmoebaarakanonieri warmoebaarakanonieri warmoeba

(illegal production) erovnulangariSTa sistemis (eas-93)

Tanaxmad, arakanonieri warmoe-

ba kanoniT akrZaluli saqmi-

anobaa (narkotikebis warmoeba

da ganawileba) an saqmianobis

is saxeobebi, romlebic nebar-

Tvis gareSe xorcieldeba. mag.,

samedicino praqtika licenzi-

is gareSe. aqedan gamomdinare,

arakanonieri warmoeba iyofa or

kategoriad: 1. kanoniT akrZa-

luli saqonlisa da momsax-

urebis warmoeba da realiza-

cia; 2. ekonomikuri saqmiano-

bis is saxeobebi, romelTa war-

moeba da realizacia Cveu-

lebriv nebadarTulia, magram Tu

xorcieldeba Sesabamisi licen-

ziis gareSe, maSin isini ara-

kanonierad iTvleba.

arakomerciuli organi-arakomerciuli organi-arakomerciuli organi-arakomerciuli organi-arakomerciuli organi-

zaciazaciazaciazaciazacia (non-----profit institution) - - - - - or-ganizacia, romelic mogebas ar

iRebs Tavisi ZiriTadi saqmi-

anobidan. arakomerciuli or-

ganizacia iqmneba socialuri,

qvelmoqmedi, kulturul-sagan-

manaTleblo, samecniero da sam-

marTvelo miznebis misaRwevad,

moqalaqeebis janmrTelobis dac-

vis, fizikuri kulturisa da

sportis ganviTarebis, moqala-

qeebis sulieri da sxva aramate-

rialuri moTxovnilebebis dak-

mayofilebis, fizikuri da iuri-

diuli piris uflebebisa da kano-

nieri interesebis dacvis, kama-

Tisa da konfliqtebis gadawy-

vetis da a.S. miznebis misaR-

wevad. (magaliTad, mravali or-

ganizacia jandacvisa da ganaT-

lebis sistemaSi). arakomerciu-

li organizaciebi SeiZleba Se-

iqmnas sazogadoebrivi an reli-

giuri organizaciebis (gaerTia-

nebebis), arakomerciuli partni-

orobis, dawesebulebebis, avto-

nomiuri arakomerciuli orga-

nizaciebis, specialuri, qvel-

moqmedi da sxva fondebis, aso-

ciaciebis, kavSirebisa da sxva

formebiT, romlebic moqmedi ka-

nonebiTaa gasaTvaliswinebeli.

iTvleba, rom aseTi organizaci-

ebi muSaoben specifikur reJim-

Si da sxva firmebisagan gansxva-

vebul miznebs isaxaven.

arakonkurentuli mox-arakonkurentuli mox-arakonkurentuli mox-arakonkurentuli mox-arakonkurentuli mox-

marmarmarmarmareba eba eba eba eba (non-----rival consumption)- - - - - saqonlis moxmareba iTvleba

arakonkurentulad, Tu erTi in-

dividis mier misi moxmareba

aranairad ar amcirebs meore

individisaTvis am saqonlis

miwodebas. aseTi saqonlis mox-

mareba ar ukavSirdeba alter-

natiul danaxarjebs. moxmare-

bis arakonkurentuloba sa-

zogadoebrivi saqonlis Tvise-

baa. amis magaliTia satelevizio

arakanonieri warmoebaarakanonieri warmoebaarakanonieri warmoebaarakanonieri warmoebaarakanonieri warmoeba

23

signali, gamomdinare iqidan, rom

erTi individis mier aseTi sig-

nalis miReba ar amcirebs mis

xelmisawvdomobas sxvebisaTvis.

ekonomistebis mtkicebiT, ase-

Ti tipis saqoneli unda miewo-

debodes nulovani fasiT yo-

vel zRvrul (damatebiT) er-

Teulze.

aramaterialuri momsa-aramaterialuri momsa-aramaterialuri momsa-aramaterialuri momsa-aramaterialuri momsa-

xureba xureba xureba xureba xureba (non-----material, intangibleservice) - - - - - Sromis specifikuriekonomikuri forma, romlis

sasargeblo efeqtic aramate-

rializebul momsaxurebaSi

vlindeba.

ekonomikuri saqmianobis

saxeobaTa saerTaSoriso stan-

dartuli samrewvelo klas-

ifikaciis mixedviT, aramateri-

aluri momsaxureba or jgu-

fad iyofa. pirvel jgufs

miekuTvneba piradi momsaxure-

ba, meores _ _ _ _ _ socialuri mom-

saxureba. Tumca amgvari dayo-

fa pirobiTia, vinaidan arsebobs

momsaxurebis iseTi saxeobebi,

romlebic SeiZleba mivakuTvnoT

rogorc erT, ise meore jgufs.

magaliTad, ganaTleba, janmrTe-

lobis dacva, kultura da a.S.

akmayofilebs ara mxolod pi-

rad, aramed socialur moTx-

ovnilebebsac.

aramaterialur momsaxure-

bas gansakuTrebuli adgili

ukavia momsaxurebis sferoSi. mis

wamyvan dargebSi ekonomikuri

saqmianoba ganixileba arasaba-

zro meqanizmis funqcionire-

bis, sazogadoebrivi saqonlis

Teoriis, sabiujeto dafinanse-

bisa da normatiuli ekonomikis

poziciebidan. dasavleTSi sayo-

velTaod aRiarebulia, rom

socialur-----kulturuli momsa-

xurebis mniSvnelovani nawili,

agreTve saxelmwifo mmarTvelo-

bis, uSiSroebis organoebis mom-

saxureba da sxv., rac sazoga-

doebriv saqonels warmoadgens,

qmnis ekonomikis arasabazro

seqtors.

aranivTobrivi aqtive-aranivTobrivi aqtive-aranivTobrivi aqtive-aranivTobrivi aqtive-aranivTobrivi aqtive-

bi bi bi bi bi (goodwill, intangible asset) -----termini, romelic gamoiyeneba

sabuRaltro aRricxvaSi da

gamoxatavs firmis aranivTo-

brivi aqtivebis Rirebulebas.

Cveulebriv gamoiTvleba ro-

gorc sxvaoba funqcionirebad

firmisTvis gadaxdil fassa da

mis sabalanso Rirebulebas So-

ris. Tu gasayid firmas aqvs

kargi reputacia, hyavs mrava-

li momxmarebeli da klienti,

romlebic, albaT, darCebian mas-

Tan misi gayidvis Semdeg, es Se-

dis mis aranivTobriv aqtivebSi.

arapirdapiri gadasaarapirdapiri gadasaarapirdapiri gadasaarapirdapiri gadasaarapirdapiri gadasa-----

xadixadixadixadixadi (indirect tax) - - - - - sagadasax-ado anaricxi, romelsac saqon-

lis SeZenisas ixdis myidveli;

moxmarebaze gadasaxadi, romel-

arapirdapiri gadasaarapirdapiri gadasaarapirdapiri gadasaarapirdapiri gadasaarapirdapiri gadasaxadixadixadixadixadi

24

sac krefen gayidvis yoveli

aqtidan, dawyebuli warmoebrivi

da ganawilebiTi ciklidan da

saboloo moxmarebiT damTavre-

buli. moicavs gayidvaze gada-

saxads, damatebul Rirebule-

baze gadasaxads, aqcizur ga-

dasaxads, saimporto baJs, saqmi-

anobis monopoliur saxeobebze

gadasaxads da a.S. Sedis saqon-

lisa da momsaxurebis sabazro

fasSi. es gadasaxadebi ganvi-

Tarebad qveynebSi qmnian saga-

dasaxado nakrebis ZiriTad ma-

sas, vinaidan pirdapir gadasax-

adebTan SedarebiT advilia maTi

regulireba da akrefa.

arasabazro momsaxure-arasabazro momsaxure-arasabazro momsaxure-arasabazro momsaxure-arasabazro momsaxure-

bababababa (non-----market service) - - - - - mom-saxureba, romelic iyideba ara-

sabazro fasiT da erTeuli mom-

saxurebis mwarmoebeli resursebi

(50 procenti da meti) iqmneba

ara momsaxurebis realizaci-

iT, aramed samTavrobo trans-

ferebiT, saojaxo meurneobidan

nebayoflobiTi SenatanebiT,

sakuTrebidan miRebuli Semo-

savlebiT da sxv.

gaeros erovnuli angariSe-

bis sistemis klasifikaciis

mixedviT, arasabazro momsaxure-

bas miekuTvneba: saxelmwifo

mmarTvelobis organoebis, erovnu-

li Tavdacvis, savaldebulo

socialuri dazRvevisa da so-

cialuri dacvis momsaxureba;

ganaTlebisa da mecnieruli

kvlevis dargSi (umaRles sas-

wavleblebSi, zogadsaganmanaT-

leblo skolebSi, profesiul-----

teqnikur saswavleblebSi, sko-

lamdel dawesebulebebSi, samec-

niero-----kvleviT dawesebulebeb-

Si) saxelmwifos da kerZo ar-

akomerciuli organizaciebis

xarjze gaweuli momsaxureba;

janmrTelobis dacvis sfero-

Si (saavadmyofoebi, klinikebi,

sanatoriumebi da sxv., agreTve

veterinaruli saqmianoba) sax-

elmwifosa da kerZo arakomer-

ciuli organizaciebis xarjze

gaweuli momsaxureba; kerZo ar-

akomerciuli organizaciebis,

profesiuli kavSirebis, re-

ligiuri organizaciebis, tur-

istuli sainformacio saagen-

toebisa da klubebis, poli-

tikuri partiebis, samomxmare-

blo da samoqalaqo organiza-

ciebis momsaxureba; momsaxureba

kulturis, dasvenebisa da gar-

Tobis sferoSi (biblioTekebi,

sazogadoebrivi arqivebi, muze-

umebi, sportuli moednebi da

klubebi, botanikuri da bi-

ologiuri baRebi) gaweuli

saxelmwifo da kerZo arako-

merciuli organizaciebis xar-

jze; sasaflao meurneobis or-

ganizaciasTan, nagvis gatanasa

da sanitariasTan dakavSirebu-

li arasabazro momsaxureba;

arasabazro momsaxurebaarasabazro momsaxurebaarasabazro momsaxurebaarasabazro momsaxurebaarasabazro momsaxureba

25

saojaxo momsaxureba (Sinamo-

samsaxureTa momsaxureba).

arasabazro urTierTo-arasabazro urTierTo-arasabazro urTierTo-arasabazro urTierTo-arasabazro urTierTo-

bababababa (non-----market relations) - - - - - urTi-erToba, romelic sabazro eko-

nomikaSi yalibdeba qveynis mak-

roekonomikuri regulirebis,

saxelmwifo sawarmoebSi mtkice

fasebis dadgenis, saxelmwifo

dakveTebis SemoRebis, mosaxle-

obis socialur dacvasTan da-

kavSirebuli RonisZiebebis ga-

tarebis SemTxvevaSi. arasabaz-

ro pirobebSi moqmedeben sabi-

ujeto dafinansebaze myofi

organizaciebi.

arasabazro urTierTobis

arsebobas ZiriTadad ganapiro-

bebs Semdegi faqtorebi: pirve-

li, _ _ _ _ _ bazris meqanizmi saSu-

alebas aZlevs momxmareblebs

daikmayofilon mxolod moTx-

ovniT gamoxatuli moTxovnile-

bebi. magram arsebobs moTxov-

nilebebi, romelTa fuliT ga-

zomvac SeuZlebelia. bazari

maTze ar reagirebs. aseTi saxis

moTxovnilebebi ukavSirdeba

gansakuTrebuli tipis saqonel-

sa da momsaxurebas, romelic

msoflio ekonomikur liter-

aturaSi cnobilia ` sazogadoe-

brivi saqonlis~ saxelwodeb-

iT. misi kvlavwarmoebis area-

li qmnis ekonomikis arasaba-

zro seqtors; meore, _ _ _ _ _ bazars

ar SeuZlia misTvis niSan-

doblivi faswarmoqmnis meqaniz-

mis meSveobiT Seafasos adami-

anTa saqmianobis saboloo gare

efeqtebi, romlebic SeiZleba

gamoixatos rogorc dadebiT,

ise uaryofiT socialur-----eko-

nomikur SedegebSi. gare efeqte-

bis arseboba ganapirobebs ker-

Zo da socialuri danaxarjeb-

isa da Sedegebis gamijvnis

aucileblobas. kerZo danaxar-

jebi da Sedegebi asaxavs saba-

zro urTierTobas, maTi tolo-

ba _ _ _ _ _ sabazro wonasworobas,

xolo socialuri danaxarje-

bi da Sedegebi _ _ _ _ _ fsevdosaba-

zro wonasworobas, romelic

Tavisi ekonomikuri SinaarsiT

gacilebiT farToa sabazroze.

mxolod bazars ar SeuZlia

fsevdosabazro wonasworobis

damyareba, igi dgindeba saxelm-

wifosa da moTxovna-----miwodeb-

is meqanizmis erToblivi Zal-

isxmeviT. iq, sadac bazari uZ-

luria, aucilebelia saxelm-

wifos Careva; mesame, ekonomikis

dargebis energo-----, Tbo-----,wyal- - - - - da gazmomaragebis, sar-

kinigzo mimosvlis, safosto,

satelefono da satelegrafo

kavSirgabmulobis da a.S. te-

qnikuri da teqnologiuri

specifika, romelic moiTxovs

warmoebis, ganawilebisa da mox-

marebis erTian sistemas, war-

moebuli produqciis Tavisebu-

arasabazro urTierTobaarasabazro urTierTobaarasabazro urTierTobaarasabazro urTierTobaarasabazro urTierToba

26

rebebi da moxmarebis masobrivi

xasiaTi, romelic ganapirobebs

farTomasStabiani warmoebis

aucileblobas, ar qmnis ekono-

mikur sivrces normaluri kon-

kurenciisaTvis. amitom am dar-

gebSi saxelmwifo monopolia

(bunebrivi monopolia) gan-

pirobebulia obieqturi auci-

leblobiT, rac arasabazro ur-

TierTobebSi aisaxeba.

arasagadasaxado Semosa-arasagadasaxado Semosa-arasagadasaxado Semosa-arasagadasaxado Semosa-arasagadasaxado Semosa-

valivalivalivalivali (off-budget receipts) - - - - - Se-mosavali, romelic ar aris gaT-

valiswinebuli sagadasaxado

kodeqsiT. mas miekuTvneba: li-

cenzirebisa da sxva saxis sax-

elmwifo momsaxurebis gawe-

vidan miRebuli mosakreblebi,

saxelmwifo biujetis, saxelm-

wifo qonebis arendidan miRe-

buli Semosavali da a.S.

arasrulyofili konku-arasrulyofili konku-arasrulyofili konku-arasrulyofili konku-arasrulyofili konku-

renciarenciarenciarenciarencia (imperfect competition)- - - - - sabazro situacia, rodesac

konkurenciis srulyofileba

irRveva Tundac erTi gamyid-

velis (an myidvelis) zegav-

leniT sabazro fasze. igi

gamoxatavs sabazro struqtur-

is nebismier formas _ _ _ _ _ monopo-

lias, oligopolias an monopo-

liur konkurencias.

aratradiciuli ekono-aratradiciuli ekono-aratradiciuli ekono-aratradiciuli ekono-aratradiciuli ekono-

mikamikamikamikamika (non-traditional economy) qveynis ekonomikis arajansaRi

nawili, romelic warmodgenilia

zombiekonomikisa (ix.) da nek-

roekonomikis (ix.) saxiT.

arafasismieri konarafasismieri konarafasismieri konarafasismieri konarafasismieri konkukukukuku-----

renrenrenrenrencicicicicia a a a a (non-----price competition) -----nebismieri kanonieri saSualebis

gamoyeneba, garda fasebis Sem-

cirebisa, axali momxmareblis

mizidvis mizniT. arafasismieri

konkurenciis meTodebs Soris

aRsaniSnavia reklama, market-

ingis gaumjobeseba, inovacieb-

is danergva da a.S.

araformaluri ekonomi-araformaluri ekonomi-araformaluri ekonomi-araformaluri ekonomi-araformaluri ekonomi-

kakakakaka (informal economy) ekono-mikis, kerZod Sromis bazris

mniSvnelovani nawili (gansa-

kuTrebiT ganviTarebad qveyneb-

Si). did rols asrulebs dasaq-

mebisa da Semosavlebis formi-

rebaSi. im qveynebSi, sadac mo-

saxleobis zrdis tempebi an

urbanizacia maRalia, arafor-

maluri seqtori swrafad iz-

rdeba qalaqebSi mzardi samu-

Sao Zalis xarjze, amitom ara-

formalur seqtorSi warmoe-

buli saqonlisa da momsaxure-

bis aRricxva Zalze mniSvnelo-

vania MmSpmSpmSpmSpmSp-is asaxvisaTvis.

araformaluri seqtoris

saerTaSoriso gansazRvreba mi-

Rebul iqna 1993 wels Sromis

saerTaSoriso organizaciisa da

Sromis bazris statistikosTa

meTxuTmete saerTaSoriso kon-

ferenciis gadawyvetilebiT.

araformalur seqtorSi

arasagadasaxado Semosaarasagadasaxado Semosaarasagadasaxado Semosaarasagadasaxado Semosaarasagadasaxado Semosavalivalivalivalivali

27

dasaqmebulTa umetesi nawilis

saqmianoba savsebiT legaluria,

amasTan, araregistrirebuli an

aralicenzirebuli, rac gana-

pirobebs warmoebis danaxarje-

bis Semcirebas.

araformaluri searaformaluri searaformaluri searaformaluri searaformaluri seqqqqqto-to-to-to-to-

ririririri (informal sector) - - - - - ekonomikisseqtori, romelic ar aris Car-

Tuli oficialur statistika-

Si. masSi Sedis TviTdasaqme-

bulTa kategoria, romlis ma-

Rali xvedriTi woniT gamoirCe-

va ganviTarebadi qveynebi. TviT-

dasaqmebulebi asruleben wvril

Sromatevad samuSaoebs, Tumca,

xSirad maT mniSvnelovani wv-

lili SeaqvT erovnuli Semo-

savlis warmoebaSi.

TviTdasaqmebulTa Sroma

xasiaTdeba dabali kapitalte-

vadobiTa (anu gamoyenebul mow-

yobilobaTa Rirebulebis gamoS-

vebul produqciasTan Sefarde-

bis dabali doniT) da dabali

kapitalSeiaraRebiT (anu gamoy-

enebul mowyobilobaTa Rire-

bulebis daxarjuli Sromis

RirebulebasTan Sefardebis

dabali doniT).

arbitraJi arbitraJi arbitraJi arbitraJi arbitraJi (arbitration, ar-bitrage) [frang. arbitrage]-----1. spe-kulacia riskis gareSe. komer-

ciuli saqmianoba, romelic

gulisxmobs ucxouri valut-

is yidvas fasiani qaRaldebis

erT bazarze erTdroulad me-

oreze gayidvis mizniT, sxva-

dasxva bazarze valutis kur-

sis sxvaobis safuZvelze moge-

bis misaRebad. arbitraJi xels

uwyobs fasebSi mkveTri gansx-

vavebis daZlevas, rac bazrebis

efeqtiani funqcionirebis mniS-

vnelovani faqtoria; 2. sadavo

saqmeTa ganxilvis meTodi, rode-

sac mxareebi mimarTaven samedia-

toro mosamarTles (arbitrs);

3. samediatoro sasamarTlo, sa-

dac davas wyvets mosamarTle-----

Suamavali (arbitri).

arbitraJi `adarbitraJi `adarbitraJi `adarbitraJi `adarbitraJi `ad-----hoki~ hoki~ hoki~ hoki~ hoki~ (ar-bitrage ad hoc) - - - - - arbitraJi, ro-melic iqmneba konkretul kon-

traqtTan dakavSirebuli sada-

vo sakiTxebis gadasawyvetad.

uTanxmoebas, rogorc wesi, gani-

xilavs sami piri: ori arbitri

(mosarCelisa da mopasuxis) da

erTi superarbitri. kontraqtSi

dawvrilebiT aris ganxiluli

arbitrebis arCevisa da daniS-

vnis wesebi, dadgenilia gadaw-

yvetilebaTa miRebis saboloo

vadebi. Cveulebriv arbitrebad

iwveven sagareo-----savaWro opera-

ciebis saukeTeso specialis-

tebs. isini SeiZleba iyvnen mec-

nierebi, firmebis prezidentebi,

advokatebi, saxelmwifo orga-

nizaciebis mosamsaxureebi. auci-

leblobis SemTxvevaSi arbitre-

arbitraJi `adarbitraJi `adarbitraJi `adarbitraJi `adarbitraJi `ad-----hoki~hoki~hoki~hoki~hoki~

28

bad SeiZleba miiwvion teqnikuri

eqspertebi.

arenda arenda arenda arenda arenda (rent) [

29

mdeblobasa da normativebTan

Sesabamisobis, sisrulisa da

utyuarobis, agreTve, safinan-

so da qonebrivi mdgomareobis

eqspertiza, romelsac atareben

arasauwyebo damoukidebeli

auditorebi saauditoro obieq-

tis Seswavlis, Semowmebisa da

reviziis gziT. auditorul

momsaxurebad iTvleba agreTve

zemoT aRniSnul sakiTxebze

sameurneo subieqtebisaTvis

gaweuli konsultaciebi da

daxmareba.

auditi tardeba saaudi-

toro standartebisa da dad-

genili meTodikis Sesabamisad.

cnobilia sainiciativo da

savaldebulo auditebi. saini-saini-saini-saini-saini-

ciativo auditi ciativo auditi ciativo auditi ciativo auditi ciativo auditi tardeba sa-

meurneo subieqtis iniciativ-

iT da am ukanasknelis mier

SerCeuli saaudito Temis

mixedviT. savaldebulo audi-savaldebulo audi-savaldebulo audi-savaldebulo audi-savaldebulo audi-

ti ti ti ti ti dawesebulia kanonmdeblo-

biT garkveuli wris sameur-

neo subieqtebisaTvis da tar-

deba periodulad kanoniT dad-

genil Temaze. auditis Catare-

ba savaldebuloa:

- - - - - im sameurneo subieqteb-

isaTvis, romelTa organizaci-

ul-----samarTlebrivi formac

moqmedi kanonmdeblobiT iTval-

iswinebs mesakuTreTa SezRu-

dul qonebriv pasuxismgeblo-

bas;

_ _ _ _ _ bankebis, sadazRvevo ko-

mpaniebis, arasabiujeto fond-

ebis, safondo da sasaqonlo

birJebisaTvis;

- - - - - fasiani qaRaldebis emi-

tentebisa da sainvesticio in-

stitutebisaTvis;

- - - - - ucxouri iuridiuli

pirebisaTvis, romlebic moge-

bas iReben mocemuli qveynis

teritoriaze saqmianobiT;

- - - - - ucxouri sainvesticio

sawarmoebisaTvis;

- - - - - sxva sameurneo subieqte-

bisaTvis, romelTa siac yovel-

wliurad mtkicdeba.

auditi fasiani momsaxure-

baa. igi, rogorc wesi, tardeba

xelSekrulebis safuZvelze

saxelmwifo kontrolisagan

damoukideblad da ar cvlis

mas.

auditori auditori auditori auditori auditori (auditor) [

30

rad, ise auditorul firmebSi.

auditori valdebulia moipo-

vos iseTi informacia da masa-

la, romelic uzrunvelyofs

saaudito Temis srulyofil

Seswavlas, Sefasebasa da daskv-

nis obieqturobas, amasTan,

gamoricxavs tendenciurobasa

da calmxrivobas. sameurneo

subieqtis administracia valde-

bulia miawodos auditors

misTvis sasurveli informacia

da masala, romelTa utyuar-

obazec pasuxismgebelia sameur-

neo subieqti. auditis Temis

Sesaxeb Tavis saboloo mo-

sazrebas auditori asaxavs daskv-

naSi, romelic oficialuri

dokumentia da romlis ward-

genac nebismier organizaciaSi

SeiZleba. auditis Sedegebis

realizacias, rogorc wesi,

axdenen damkveTi da sxva ad-

resatebi, romlebic auditorul

daskvnas iReben. amasTan, kanon-

mdeblobiT gaTvaliswinebul

SemTxvevaSi auditors SeuZlia

Sesabamisi kompetenturi or-

ganos winaSe dasvas auditoris

Sedegebis realizaciis sakiTxi.

auditoruli firma auditoruli firma auditoruli firma auditoruli firma auditoruli firma (audi-tor firm) - - - - - firma, romlis wes-debac iTvaliswinebs mxolod

auditorul da masTan dakav-

Sirebul saqmianobas.

auditoruli saqmianoba

aris im urTierTobaTa erTob-

lioba, romelic myardeba audi-

tis da masTan dakavSirebuli

saqmianobis momzadebis, Catare-

bisa da Sedegebis realizaci-

is procesSi sameurneo sub-

ieqts (damkveTs), auditors

(auditorul firmas), agreTve,

zogierT SemTxvevaSi, xelisu-

flebis organosa da sxva rome-

lime mesame pirs Soris, moqme-

di kanonmdeblobisa da sxva ma-

regulirebeli normebis safuZ-

velze.

rogorc wesi, auditorul

saqmianobas aregulirebs sax-

elmwifo. es xdeba kanonebis

miRebisa da maT Sesrulebaze

xelisuflebis meTvalyureobis

gziT. amasTan, saxelmwifo uSu-

alod ar ereva auditoruli

firmis saqmianobaSi. auditori

damoukidebelia saxelmwifos-

agan, klientisagan, nebismieri

mesame pirisagan. igi xelmZRv-

anelobs mxolod kanonebiT, au-

ditoruli standartebiTa da

meTodikiT. auditoruli fir-

ma Tanabrad icavs mesakuTris,

saxelmwifosa da sazogadoeb-

is kanonier interesebs.

auditoruli saqmianobis

saxelmwifo regulirebis or-

ganoebi umetes SemTxvevaSi iqm-

neba xelisuflebis umaRles or-

ganoebTan (saqarTveloSi am mov-

aleobas asrulebs auditoru-

li saqmianobis sabWo, romelic

auditoruli firmaauditoruli firmaauditoruli firmaauditoruli firmaauditoruli firma

31

Seqmnilia parlamentTan).

auditoruli firmis muSa-

obas mimarTaven auditorTa

TviTmmarTvelobis organoebi.

isini amzadeben auditis stan-

dartebs da sxva meToduri xa-

siaTis normatiul aqtebs. TviT-

mmarTvelobis aseTi organoebi

ZiriTadad auditorTa nebayo-

flobiTi profesiuli gaer-

Tianebebia. bevr qveyanaSi maT

auditoruli palatebi ewode-

baT.

saqarTveloSi auditoru-

li palata Seiqmna 1992 wlis

damlevs, xolo auditoruli da

sakonsultacio momsaxurebis

pirveli aqcionerTa sazogadoe-

ba _ _ _ _ _ `iberiauditori~ 1990

wels daarsda. amiT dasabami

mieca qveyanaSi auditoruli

saqmianobis dawyebas.

autraiti autraiti autraiti autraiti autraiti (outright) - - - - - mar-tivi vadiani savaluto gari-

geba, romelic iTvaliswinebs

fulis gadaxdas monawile mx-

areebis mier mkacrad gan-

sazRvruli `forvardis~ kur-

siT.

autsaideri autsaideri autsaideri autsaideri autsaideri (outsider) [

32

mier dawesebul fass. auqcio-

ni sajaro vaWrobaa auqcion-

eris xelmZRvanelobiT, romlis

drosac gasayid saqonels iZens

umaRlesi fasis gadamxdeli

piri. aseT auqcions Cveu-Cveu-Cveu-Cveu-Cveu-

lebrivi lebrivi lebrivi lebrivi lebrivi anu inglisuri auq-inglisuri auq-inglisuri auq-inglisuri auq-inglisuri auq-

cioni cioni cioni cioni cioni ewodeba. auqcionis sxva-

dasxva saxeobaTa Soris aRsa-

niSnavia agreTve holandiuriholandiuriholandiuriholandiuriholandiuri

auqcioniauqcioniauqcioniauqcioniauqcioni, sadac vaWroba iwyeba

maRali fasiT, sanam vinme ar

gamoTqvams survils SeiZinos

mocemuli saqoneli bolos ga-

mocxadebuli fasiT. praqtika-

Si saqonlis birJebze gamoiye-

neba ormagi auqcioni, rodesac

birJis wevri SeiZleba iyos ro-

gorc gamyidveli, ise myidveli.

auqcioni ufro metad sa-

gareo vaWrobaSi gavrcelebu-

li saqonlis lotebad an calke

nivTebad gasaRebis xerxia, ro-

desac saqoneli an misi nimu-

Sebi gamofenilia dasaTvaliereb-

lad potenciuri myidvelebi-

saTvis. auqcionis zogad piro-

bebs gansazRvravs gamyidveli,

vaWroba ki iwyeba lotis an niv-

Tis nomris da sawyisi fasis ga-

mocxadebiT. auqcioni warmoad-

gens qonebis iZulebiT gayidvis

formasac valebis dafarvis miz-

niT.

arsebobs daxuruli da Riadaxuruli da Riadaxuruli da Riadaxuruli da Riadaxuruli da Ria

auqcioni.auqcioni.auqcioni.auqcioni.auqcioni. auqcioni daxurulia

sadac yvela myidveli weri-

lobiTi formiT waradgens

Tavis fass garkveuli saxis

faseulobis SesaZenad. Ria

auqcionSi nebadarTulia Sesasy-

idi qonebis fasis mravaljera-

di SeTavazeba. am formis auq-

cionSi monawileobis ufleba

aqvs qveynis nebismier moqalaqes

da qveyanaSi registrirebul

kerZo samarTlis iuridiul

pirebs, agreTve, es ufleba Sei-

Zleba hqondeT ucxoel fiz-

ikur da iuridiul pirebsac.

auqcionuri bazariauqcionuri bazariauqcionuri bazariauqcionuri bazariauqcionuri bazari (auc-tion market) konkurentulimiwodebis modeli, organizebu-

li bazari, sadac fasebi regu-

lirdeba moTxovna-miwodebis

cvlilebis safuZvelze. misi

ZiriTadi komponentebia stan-

dartizebuli saqoneli, anoni-

muri vaWroba da konkurenciis

monawileTa sakmao raodenoba.

aqseleratori aqseleratori aqseleratori aqseleratori aqseleratori (acceler-ator) [

33

cefcia, romlis Sesabamisad

produqciis gamoSvebis zrdis

tempebis cvlilebebi iwvevs

imave mimarTulebiT investicie-

bze moTxovnis cvlilebebs. mis

Tanaxmad, erToblivi wminda in-

vesticiebi damokidebulia war-

moebis moculobis mosalod-

nel cvlilebebze. umartivesi

formiT es principi SeiZleba

warmovadginoT Semdegnairad:

It = aLYt-----1+b,sadac a aris aqseleraciis koe-ficienti, L - - - - - mcire cvlileba,Yt-----1 - - - - - warmoebis moculobiscvlileba wina wels, b - - - - - inves-ticiebi, romlebic mimarTulia

ZiriTadi kapitalis mwyobri-

dan gamosuli nawilis Sesacvle-

lad.

aqseleratoris principi mniS-

vnelovan rols asrulebs eko-

nomikuri ciklis axsnaSi, mag.,

multiplikatorisa da aqsel-

eratoris urTierTzemoqmedeb-

is safuZvelze, agreTve ekono-

mikuri zrdis TeoriaSi, gan-

sakuTrebiT harod-----domaris

TeoriaSi.

aqseleraciis koefici-aqseleraciis koefici-aqseleraciis koefici-aqseleraciis koefici-aqseleraciis koefici-

enti enti enti enti enti (accelerator coefficient) -----koeficienti, romelic uCvenebs,

ramdenjer izrdeba axali in-

vesticiebi warmoebis moculo-

bis cvlilebis sapasuxod. igu-

lisxmeba, rom axali investicie-

bi unda izrdebodes ufro

swrafad, vidre warmoebis moc-

uloba, vinaidan manqana-----danad-

garebis Rirebuleba Cveulebriv

mniSvnelovnad aRemateba misi

wliuri produqciis Rirebule-

bas.

aqtivi aqtivi aqtivi aqtivi aqtivi (asset) [

34

ic Tavisufalia valdebulebe-

bisa da valebisagan.

aqtiuri sagadasaxdeloaqtiuri sagadasaxdeloaqtiuri sagadasaxdeloaqtiuri sagadasaxdeloaqtiuri sagadasaxdelo

balansi balansi balansi balansi balansi (active balance of pay-ments) - - - - - sagadasaxdelo bal-ansi, romelSic sazRvargare-

Tidan Semosulobebi aRemateba

qveynis mier sazRvargareT gawe-

ul xarjebsa da gadasaxdelebs.

aqtuariusi aqtuariusi aqtuariusi aqtuariusi aqtuariusi (actuary) [

35

Tulebuli forma, romlis dro-

sac Tamasuqi waredgineba ara

importioris banks, aramed,

orive mxaris SeTanxmebis safuZ-

velze, romelime pirvelxarisx-

ovan banks saerTaSoriso bazar-

ze. amrigad, aqceptur-----rambus-

nuli kreditiT sargeblobisas

operaciaSi monawileobs sami

banki: importioris banki aZlevs

garantias ganvadebiT nayidi

saqonlis anazRaurebis Sesax-

eb pirvelxarisxovan banks ram-

busnuli valdebulebis for-

miT. eqsportioris banki gamow-

ers pirvelxarisxovani bankis

saxelze gadasapirebel Tama-

suqs importioris mier gadmot-

virTul saqonelze. gadaxdis

vadis dadgomis win importio-

rs Seaqvs saWiro Tanxa Tavis

bankSi, romelic, rambusnuli

valdebulebis Sesabamisad, gada-

ugzavnis mas pirvelxarisxo-

van banks. gadaxdis vadis dad-

gomisas pirvelxarisxovani banki

gadaugzavnis am Tanxas eqspor-

tioris banks.

aqcia aqcia aqcia aqcia aqcia (share, stock) [

36

aqciebis sakontroloaqciebis sakontroloaqciebis sakontroloaqciebis sakontroloaqciebis sakontrolo

papapapapaketi keti keti keti keti (controlling stake, controlshare holding) - - - - - erTi pirissargeblobaSi arsebuli aq-

cioneruli sazogadoebis aqcie-

bis mTliani raodenobis naw-

ili, romelic aZlevs mas ufle-

bas ganaxorcielos kontroli

am sazogadoebis saqmianobaze.

aqcizi aqcizi aqcizi aqcizi aqcizi (aqcizuri gada-aqcizuri gada-aqcizuri gada-aqcizuri gada-aqcizuri gada-

saxadisaxadisaxadisaxadisaxadi) (excise) [

37

gavleniT, SeiZleba warmoiqmnas

aJiotaJuri moTxovna aqciebze

da, Sesabamisad, mkveTrad ga-

izardos maTi kursi. nominalur

fasze maRali aqciis kursi emi-

siuri Semosavlis wyaroa. aqci-

is kursis dinamikaze did gav-

lenas axdens qveyanaSi arse-

buli socialur-----ekonomikuri

da politikuri viTareba.

aqcioneri aqcioneri aqcioneri aqcioneri aqcioneri (stockholder,shareholder) [

38

kuTvneba muSebis xelfasi, me-

nejerTa gasamrjelo, sakomisio

gadasaxdeli savaWro firmebi-

saTvis, sabanko da safinanso

momsaxurebis sxva mimwodebelTa

Sromis anazRaureba, honorarebi

iuridiuli konsultaciebi-

saTvis, satransporto xarje-

bis ganaRdeba da sxv.

aSSaSSaSSaSSaSS-----is saerTaSoriso gan-is saerTaSoriso gan-is saerTaSoriso gan-is saerTaSoriso gan-is saerTaSoriso gan-

viTarebisviTarebisviTarebisviTarebisviTarebis saagento saagento saagento saagento saagento (Interna-tional Development Agency of USA- - - - - USAID) - - - - - daarsda 1961 welsj. kenedis prezidentobis pe-

riodSi sagareo daxmarebis

aqtis miRebis safuZvelze. misi

ZiriTadi mizania ganviTareba-

di qveynebis daxmareba ekono-

mikuri reformebis gatarebaSi,

kerZod, demokratiis mSeneblo-

baSi, biznesis xelSewyobaSi,

mwvave siRaribis daZlevasa da

stiqiuri ubedurebiT gamowveu-

li Sedegebis aRmofxvraSi.

saagento saqarTvelos dax-

marebas uwevs 1992 wlidan.

am mizniT man ganvlil period-

Si 1 mlrd dolarze meti ga-

moyo. reformebis gatarebaSi

mniSvnelovan xelSewyobas iTva-

liswinebs USAID-----is `saqarTve-los biznes-----klimatis refor-

mis~ proeqti. misi roli did-

ia energetikis ganviTarebaSi, sa-

xeldobr, saqarTvelos energe-

tikis maregulirebeli erovnu-

li komisiis (semek) kanonmdeb-

lobis daxvewaSi (1997), eleq-

troenergiisa (1998) da bune-

brivi gazis (1999) satarifo

meTodologiis SemuSavebaSi, li-

cenzirebis wesebisa da regu-

lirebis sxva fuZemdebluri do-

kumentebis SeqmnasaSi da a.S.

saagento teqnikur, materialur,

finansur da saganmanaTleblo

daxmarebas uwevs da moicavs

regulirebis yvela sferos.

axali ekonomika axali ekonomika axali ekonomika axali ekonomika axali ekonomika (new eco-nomy) - - - - - ekonomika, romelSic po-zitiurad aisaxeba swrafi teqno-

logiuri progresis safuZvelze

sainformacio teqnologiebSi

ganxorcielebuli fundamentu-

ri cvlilebebi. axali ekonomika

qveynis konkurentunarianobis

mniSvnelovani garantia

axali zrdis Teoria axali zrdis Teoria axali zrdis Teoria axali zrdis Teoria axali zrdis Teoria (newgrowth theory) - - - - - cnobilia agre-Tve, rogorc endogenuri zr-endogenuri zr-endogenuri zr-endogenuri zr-endogenuri zr-

disdisdisdisdis Teoria Teoria Teoria Teoria Teoria. tradiciuli zr-

dis Teoriis modificirebuli

varianti, romelic xsnis sxvada-

sxva qveynisTvis grZelvadiani

balansirebuli zrdis gansxva-

vebul SesaZleblobebs, amasTan,

Raribidan mdidar qveynebSi ka-

pitalis gadadinebis mizezebs.

axali industriuli qve-axali industriuli qve-axali industriuli qve-axali industriuli qve-axali industriuli qve-

ynebiynebiynebiynebiynebi (new industrial countries -----NiCs) - - - - - ekonomikuri ganviTare-bis SedarebiT maRali donisa

da dinamikuri mrewvelobis

mqone, msoflio vaWrobaSi, sa-

finanso da sainvesticio siste-

maSi aqtiurad CarTuli qvey-

aSSaSSaSSaSSaSS-----is saerTaSoriso ganis saerTaSoriso ganis saerTaSoriso ganis saerTaSoriso ganis saerTaSoriso ganviTarebisviTarebisviTarebisviTarebisviTarebis saagento saagento saagento saagento saagento

39

nebis mcire jgufi. maT ricx-

vs miekuTvneba argentina, bra-

zilia, meqsika, TurqeTi, israe-

li, saberZneTi, singapuri,

samxreTi korea, taivani, honkongi

(CineTis Semadg.).

axali klasikuri makro-axali klasikuri makro-axali klasikuri makro-axali klasikuri makro-axali klasikuri makro-

ekonomikaekonomikaekonomikaekonomikaekonomika (new classical mac-roeconomics) - - - - - arsebiTad orTo-doqsuli klasikuri ekonomi-

kuri Teoria, romelic eyrd-

noba im Sexedulebas, rom racio-

naluri molodinis SeTanawyo-

ba umuSevrobis bunebrivi normis

koncefciasTan bazrebis efeq-

tiani gawmendis Sedegia. am

Teoriis mixedviT, ekonomika myar

mdgomareobaSia umuSevrobis

bunebrivi donis pirobebSi,

xolo cda imisa, rom dairRves

es wonasworoba, magaliTad,

umuSevrobis mis bunebriv don-

eze qvemoT Semcirebis SemTx-

vevaSi, advilad neitralizde-

ba ekonomikuri agentebis mier.

nebismieri cda warmoebisa da

dasaqmebis stabilizaciisa fis-

kalur-----sakredito politikis

gamoyenebiT araefeqtiania da

ver axdens rogorc mokle-----, ise

grZelvadian gavlenas realuri

cvladebis mniSvnelobaze. am

poziciis arsi mdgomareobs

imaSi, rom ar arsebobs arCeva-

ni inflaciasa da umuSevrobas

Soris moklevadian periodSic

ki. miuxedavad amisa, iTvleba,

rom ekonomikuri mecnierebis es

mimarTuleba monetarizmis gan-

viTarebaa. misi argumentebi

gansxvavdeba iseTi cnobili

monetaristebis daskvnebisagan,

rogoric m. fridmenia. frid-

menis azriT, moTxovnis marTvis

politikam SeiZleba gamoiwvios

moklevadiani gadaxra warmoe-

bis moculobisa da umuSevro-

bis bunebrivi donidan.

axali klasikuri makroeko-

nomika cdilobs daasabuTos

moTxovnis marTvis keinzianuri

politikis araefeqtianoba da

yuradReba gadaitanos miwode-

bis ekonomikur Teoriaze.

axali mikroekonomikaaxali mikroekonomikaaxali mikroekonomikaaxali mikroekonomikaaxali mikroekonomika

(new microekonomics) ekonomi-kuri Teoriis erT-erTi mimar-

Tuleba, romlis momxreebi cdi-

loben gaaigivon mikro- da mak-

roekonomika mikroekonomikuri

dasabuTebis im meqanizmiT, ro-

melic safuZvlad udevs fase-

bisa da umuSevrobis cvlile-

bebs Soris urTierTkavSirs.

axali mikroekonomika eyr-

dnoba umuSevrobis bunebrivi

donis hipoTezas da uaryofs

bazris monawileTa ufaso da

srul informirebulobas. axa-

li mikroekonomika cdilobs

axsnas umuSevrobis dadebiTi

bunebrivi donis arseboba da

uaryofiTi kavSiri fasebsa da

umuSevrobas Soris, romelic

axali mikroekonomikaaxali mikroekonomikaaxali mikroekonomikaaxali mikroekonomikaaxali mikroekonomika

40

gamomdinareobs moklevadiani

filipsis mrudidan.

axali mikroekonomikis mo-

delebi sxvadasxvaa, amasTan, yve-

la modelisTvis damaxasiaTe-

belia warmoebis moculobis

cvlilebebi, gamowveuli winas-

war ganuWvreteli fasebis Sec-

vliT. amrigad, erToblivi moTx-

ovnis araprognozirebadi zrda

iwvevs inflaciis moulodnel

zrdas, fasebisa da xelfasebis

gauTvaliswinebel matebas, rac,

saboloo angariSiT, ganapiro-

bebs warmoebis moculobisa da

dasaqmebis gadidebas. es ki, sxva

Tanabar pirobebSi, fasebis zrda-

ze Cveulebrivi reaqciaa.

axali Sexeduleba inves-axali Sexeduleba inves-axali Sexeduleba inves-axali Sexeduleba inves-axali Sexeduleba inves-

ticiebze ticiebze ticiebze ticiebze ticiebze (new view on invest-ment) - - - - - investiciebisadmi axa-li midgoma, romelic iTval-

iswinebs mowyobilobaTa bolo

Taobis efeqtianobis zrdas, ey-

rdnoba msjelobas imis Sesax-

eb, rom Tanamedrove teqnolo-

giuri progresi aqveiTebs Zir-

iTadi kapitalis saSualo asaks

da zrdis im kapitalis wils,

romelSic ganivTebulia axali

teqnologia.

axali politikuri eko-axali politikuri eko-axali politikuri eko-axali politikuri eko-axali politikuri eko-

nomianomianomianomianomia (new political economy) -----Seiswavlis politikisa da eko-

nomikis urTierTqmedebis kanon-

zomierebebs, ikvlevs im poli-

tikur faqtorebs, romlebic mo-

qmedeben qveynis ekonomikur

politikaze.

axirebaaxirebaaxirebaaxirebaaxireba (fad) - - - - - drois gar-kveul periodSi finansuri inves-

torebis mzadyofna, gaumarTle-

beli optimizmidan gamomdinare,

fasian qaRaldebSi gadaixadon

imaze meti, vidre isini realu-

rad Rirs (ix. racionaluri spe-

kulaciuri `sapnis buSti~).

axali Sexeduleba investiciebzeaxali Sexeduleba investiciebzeaxali Sexeduleba investiciebzeaxali Sexeduleba investiciebzeaxali Sexeduleba investiciebze

41

bbbbbbadisebri gare efeq-badisebri gare efeq-badisebri gare efeq-badisebri gare efeq-badisebri gare efeq-

ti ti ti ti ti (network externality) - - - - - gareefeqtis saxeoba, romlis dro-

sac yoveli individisaTvis dov-

laTis sargeblianoba damokide-

bulia mocemuli dovlaTis mo-

mxmarebelTa raodenobaze.

bazari bazari bazari bazari bazari (market) - - - - - sabazroekonomikaSi kvlavwarmoebis mTe-

li procesis momcveli fenom-

eni, ekonomikuri sivrce, sadac

TviTregulirebis meqanizmis

safuZvelze yalibdeba urTier-

Toba saqonlisa da momsaxure-

bis mwarmoeblebsa da momxmare-

blebs Soris. igi horizonta-

luri kavSirebis ganviTarebis

safuZvelze gamoricxavs admin-

istraciul Carevas faswarmo-

qmnasa da resursebis ganawile-

baSi, riTac sagrZnoblad amar-

tivebs mmarTvelobis ierarqi-

ul vertikalur struqturas.

bazari garkveul kanonzom-

ierebebs eqvemdebareba. misTvis

damaxasiaTebelia: a) sakuTreb-

is pluralizmi da meurneobis

mravalferovneba; b) mwarmoe-

belTa damoukidebloba da maTi

ekonomikuri pasuxismgebloba;

g) mewarmeobaSi reglamentaciis

arqona, racionalizmi kontra-

hentis arCevaSi da sxv.

bazari, romelic SromiTi

motivaciis efeqtian sistemas

qmnis, piradi da sazogadoebrivi

interesebis gaerTianebis moqni-

li meqanizmia. sabazro konku-

renciis monawilis mamoZrave-

beli subieqturi mizani _____

maqsimaluri mogebis miReba,

bazris `uxilavi xeliT~, sab-

oloo angariSiT, zegavlenas

axdens sazogadoebriv intere-

sebze da ayalibebs obieqtur

kanonzomierebebs, romlebic

gamoxatulebas qveynis ekono-

mikur zrdaSi povebs.

ganasxvaveben kerZo kerZo kerZo kerZo kerZo da te-te-te-te-te-

ritoriul ritoriul ritoriul ritoriul ritoriul bazrebs. kerZo ba-

zrebi iyofa saqonlis, momsax-

urebis, samuSao Zalisa da kap-

italis bazrebad. teritoriu-

li sazRvrebis mixedviT ganasx-

vaveben adgilobriv, erovnul da

msoflio bazrebs. amaTgan Ti-

Toeuls axasiaTebs specifikuri

Taviseburebebi, romelTa gaT-

valiswinebasac makroekonomi-

kuri regulirebisa da calkeu-

li firmis sabazro strategi-

is SemuSavebaSi didi mniSvnelo-

ba eniWeba.

Sromis sazogadoebrivi

danawilebis Tanamedrove done,

farTomasStabiani warmoebis up-

iratesobebi, maRalteqnolo-

giuri da araerTgvarovani sa-

qonlisa da momsaxurebis saxe-

obebis gansakuTrebuli simrav-

le, ekonomikuri kavSirebis

bazaribazaribazaribazaribazari

42

mravalferovneba da a.S. gana-

pirobebs bazarze konkurenci-

is modifikacias.

bazris koniunqtura bazris koniunqtura bazris koniunqtura bazris koniunqtura bazris koniunqtura (mar-ket opportunities, condition) - - - - - im pi-robebis erToblioba, romlebic

gansazRvraven yovel mocemul

momentSi moTxovnisa da miwode-

bis Tanafardobas.

bazris fiasko bazris fiasko bazris fiasko bazris fiasko bazris fiasko (market fa-ilure) - - - - - situacia, romlis dro-sac bazars ar ZaluZs ekono-

mikur arCevanTan dakavSirebu-

li procesebis imgvarad koor-

dinireba, rom uzrunvelyos

resursebis efeqtiani gamoye-

neba. resursebis ganawilebis

sferoSi bazris fiasko, Teori-

ulad, saxelmwifos Carevis ga-

marTlebis safuZvelia.

bazris wonasworoba bazris wonasworoba bazris wonasworoba bazris wonasworoba bazris wonasworoba -----

(market balance) - - - - - moTxovnisa damiwodebis tolobis gamomxatve-

li sabazro situacia, rode-

sac ar arsebobs arc Warbi mo-

Txovna, arc Warbi miwodeba da

bazars miewodeba imdeni pro-

duqcia, ramdenzec aris moTxov-

na.

bazroba bazroba bazroba bazroba bazroba (fair) - - - - - savaWroda samrewvelo organizacieb-

is, komersantebisa da sxvaTa

mier periodulad mowyobili

vaWroba saqonlis upiratesad

biTumad gayidvisa da Sesyid-

visaTvis gamofenili nimuSebis

mixedviT.

`bai`bai`bai`bai`bai-----beki~ beki~ beki~ beki~ beki~ (buy back) -----saqonelgacvlis grZelvadiani

operacia, romlis drosac man-

qana-----mowyobilobebis misawode-

blad gacemuli krediti Sem-

dgomSi ifareba maTi meSveo-

biT warmoebuli produqciiT.

balansi balansi balansi balansi balansi (balance sheet)[frang. balance saswori] - - - - - eko-nomikur maCvenebelTa sistema,

gamoxatuli naturaluri an fu-

ladi formiT, romelic axasi-

aTebs ama Tu im movlenas misi

mxareebis Sedarebis an dapiris-

pirebis gziT da gamoxatavs to-

lobas aqtivsa da pasivs Soris.

balansi iTvleba aqtiurad, Tu

Semosavlebi sWarbobs xarjebs,

xolo pasiurad _ _ _ _ _ Tu Semosav-

lebi xarjebze naklebia.

ganasxvaveben sagadasaxde-

lo, savaWro, saqonlisa da mom-

saxurebis, finansuri operacie-

bisa da a.S. balansebs.

`balansireba danis pir-`balansireba danis pir-`balansireba danis pir-`balansireba danis pir-`balansireba danis pir-

ze~ ze~ ze~ ze~ ze~ (knife edge) - - - - - ase ewode-ba ekonomikuri zrdis Teoria-

Si stabiluri zrdis Seferx-

ebas, gamoxatuls garantirebu-

li zrdis tempis meryeobaSi.

arsebobs agreTve meore prob-

lema, rac bunebrivi zrdis tem-

pis miRwevaSi mdgomareobs. ` da-

nis pirze balansirebis~, wonas-

worobis dacvis centraluri

problemaa warmoebis mosalod-

neli donis gansazRvra. Tu Se-

bazris koniunqturabazris koniunqturabazris koniunqturabazris koniunqturabazris koniunqtura

43

mosavlis mosalodneli zrdis

tempi garantirebul zrdis

tempze dabalia, maSin mewarmeebi

mcire doziT moaxdenen in-

vestirebas. es gamoiwvevs er-

Toblivi zrdis dacemas da

Warbi simZlavreebis zrdas,

rasac, Tavis mxriv, mohyveba

Semosavlis mosalodneli zr-

dis tempebis Semdgomi dacema.

bankebis aqtiuri opera-bankebis aqtiuri opera-bankebis aqtiuri opera-bankebis aqtiuri opera-bankebis aqtiuri opera-

ciebiciebiciebiciebiciebi (banking active operations)- - - - - operaciebi, romelTa saSu-

alebiTac bankebi gascemen Ta-

vianT gankargulebaSi arsebul

fulad saxsrebs (fasiani qaRal-

debis yidva, sesxis gacema da

sxv.).

bankebis pasiuri opera-bankebis pasiuri opera-bankebis pasiuri opera-bankebis pasiuri opera-bankebis pasiuri opera-

ciebi ciebi ciebi ciebi ciebi (passive banking opera-tions) - - - - - operaciebi, romelTa sa-SualebiTac bankebi izidaven fu-

lad saxsrebs (anabrebis miRe-

ba, banknotebis gamoSveba da sxv.).

banki banki banki banki banki (bank) [

44

romliTac klienti, plastikuri

baraTis gamoyenebiT, Tavisi an-

gariSidan damoukideblad awar-

moebs martiv operaciebs.

bankroti bankroti bankroti bankroti bankroti (bankrupt, insol-vent) - - - - - gakotrebuli mevale.

baJi baJi baJi baJi baJi (duty) - - - - - moxmarebisaT-vis dawesebuli gadasaxadis

saxeoba. baJiT ibegrebian is

fizikuri da iuridiuli pire-

bi, romlebic urTierTobas am-

yareben saxelmwifosTan an erT-

maneTTan (xelSekrulebis dade-

ba arendis Sesaxeb, SeTanxmeba

meurveobis Taobaze da sxv.).

baratria baratria baratria baratria baratria (barratry) - - - - - wi-naswar ganzraxuli zianis miye-

neba tvirTisa da gemisaTvis

kapitnisa da ekipaJis mier. ba-

ratriis riski eqvemdebareba

dazRvevas.

barteri barteri barteri barteri barteri (barter) _ _ _ _ _ sasa-qonlo garigeba, romlis Tanax-

mad saqonlis gacvla saqonelze

xdeba fuladi angariSswore-

bis gareSe, Tanxis gadauxdelad.

`baumolis daavadeba~`baumolis daavadeba~`baumolis daavadeba~`baumolis daavadeba~`baumolis daavadeba~

(Bowmoles desease) - - - - - ukav-Sirdeba momsaxurebis sfero-

Si xelfasis zrdis uzrunve-

lyofis sakiTxSi warmoqmnil

siZneleebs: am sferoSi xelfa-

si gacilebiT dabalia, vidre

materialur-----nivTobriv warmoe-

baSi, rac gamowveulia ekono-

mikis mesameul seqtorSi Sro-

mis mwarmoeblurobis zrdis

SedarebiT dabali tempebiT. mag.,

aSS-----is momsaxurebis sferos

kerZo seqtoris muSakebi xel-

fasis saxiT iReben mrewvelo-

baSi dasaqmebulTa gamomuSave-

bis 67%-----s; iaponiaSi es maCvene-

beli naklebia 7-----iT, xolo gfr-----

Si _ _ _ _ _ 15%-----iT. dasavleTis eko-

nomikur literaturaSi aRniS-

nuli movlena pirvelad gaaa-

naliza cnobilma ekonomistma

baumolma. man daasabuTa mate-

rialur-----nivTobriv warmoebisa

da momsaxurebis sferoebs So-

ris xelfasis donis sxvaobis

mudmivi dacvis meqanizmis Se-

qmnis aucilebloba, momsaxure-

basTan SedarebiT saqonlis war-

moebis sferoSi Sromis mwar-

moeblurobis upiratesi zrdis

safuZvelze. aRniSnuli movle-

na cnobilia `baumolis daa-

vadebis~ saxelwodebiT.

bekeri gari stenli bekeri gari stenli bekeri gari stenli bekeri gari stenli bekeri gari stenli (daib.

1930) (Becker Gary Stanley) - - - - - ame-rikeli ekonomisti, neoinsti-

tuciuri mimarTulebis warmo-

madgeneli, nobelis premiis

laureati (1992), adamianiseu-

li kapitalis Teoriis cno-

bili mkvlevari. pirvelma ga-

naxorciela Sromis bazarze

rasobrivi diskriminaciis neo-

klasikuri analizi, rac aisaxa

mis monografiul gamokvleva-

Si _ _ _ _ _ `diskriminaciis ekonomi-

ka~ (1957). naSromiT `dabande-

bankrotibankrotibankrotibankrotibankroti

45

bebi adamianiseul kapitalSi:

Teoriuli analizi~ (1962) mniS-

vnelovani wvlili Seitana aR-

niSnuli problemis kvlevaSi.

bekeris naSromebidan aRsaniSna-

via agreTve `ekonomikuri Teo-

ria~, romelic 1871 wels gamo-

vida niu-----iorkSi. nobelis pre-

mia mieniWa makroekonomikuri ana-

lizis gamoyenebis sferos ga-

farToebisaTvis, rasac amave sa-

xelwodebis naSromi miuZRvna.

bembembembembem-----baverki oigen baverki oigen baverki oigen baverki oigen baverki oigen (1851-----

1914) (Bohm-Bawerk) - - - - - neokla-sikuri mimdinareobis erT-----erTi

ganStoebis marJinaluri mima-

rTulebis (avstriuli skola)

TvalsaCino warmomadgeneli,

avtori naSromebisa: ` kapitali

da sargebeli~ (1884), ` kapital-

is pozitiuri Teoria~ (1889)

da sxv.

beneficiari beneficiari beneficiari beneficiari beneficiari (beneficiary)- - - - - piri, romlis sasargeblo-

dac ixdian fuls da gascemen

akreditivs; sadazRvevo poli-

sis mimRebi.

biznes-gegma biznes-gegma biznes-gegma biznes-gegma biznes-gegma (business plan)- - - - - firmis saqmianobis mokleva-

diani programa, romelic mo-

icavs mosalodneli Semosavleb-

isa da xarjebis angariSs; dgeba

erTi Tvis, kvartalisa da wl-

isaTvis (zogjer ufro meti

xniTac). biznes-----gegma warmoad-

gens sawarmos mier dasaxuli

miznebis Sesrulebis konkret-

ul RonisZiebaTa operatiul

programas. mas win uZRvis miR-

weuli Sedegebis anu warmoeb-

is danaxarjebis, saqonlis gay-

idvis, wminda mogebis ganawileb-

isa da gamoyenebis moculo-

bisa da struqturis analizi.

prognozul maCveneblebs uda-

reben miRweuls, ris safuZ-

velzec fasdeba firmis muSao-

bis mosalodneli efeqtianoba.

biznes-----gegmis mTavari amocanaa

warmoebis efeqtianobis amaR-

lebis RonisZiebaTa gansazRvra.

misi SemuSavebisas iTvaliswi-

neben bazris mosalodnel ko-

niunqturas, moTxovnasa da mi-

wodebas Soris Tanafardobis

cvalebadobis tendencias, mo-

mxmarebelTa gadaxdisunari-

anobas, agreTve reklamis, servi-

sisa da a.S. saSualebiT myid-

velTa mozidvis SesaZleblo-

bebs. firma, rogorc wesi, ey-

rdnoba Camoyalibebul sabazro

fasebsa da faqtorebs. biznes-----

gegmis ganyofilebebisa da maCve-

neblebis raodenobas gansazR-

vravs firmis sammarTvelo. misi

wamyvani ganyofilebebia: a) mar-

ketingi, romelic adgens gay-

idvisa da Semosavlebis mocu-

lobas, Sejamebul danaxarjeb-

sa da komerciul Sedegebs; b)

monacemebis bazaze Sedgenili

warmoebrivi davaleba poten-

ciuri moTxovnis, sabazro fase-

biznes-gegmabiznes-gegmabiznes-gegmabiznes-gegmabiznes-gegma

46

bis moZraobis, bazris gajereb-

is Sesaxeb. mis safuZvelze

zustdeba produqciis asorti-

menti, ganisazRvreba momxmare-

belTa momsaxurebis masStabe-

bi; g) firmis safinanso gegma,

romelic gamoxatavs safinan-

so resursebis wyaroebsa da

maTi moZraobis mimarTulebebs.

biznes-----gegma moicavs agreTve

iseT ganyofilebas, sadac asax-