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CONTENTS

Contributors xiiiPreface xi

Chapter 1. Ferrous Metals 1.11.1 Introduction 1.11.2 The Structure of Iron 1.21.3 Steelmaking 1.61.4 Carbon and Alloy Steels 1.111.5 Selection of Alloy Steels 1.291.6 Selection and Specification 1.431.7 Welding Ferrous Metals 1.611.8 Summary 1.91

References 1.92

Chapter 2. Aluminum and Its Alloys 2.12.1 Introduction 2.12.2 Alloy and Temper Designation System 2.52.3 Physical Properties 2.272.4 Mechanical Properties 2.412.5 Corrosion Resistance 2.922.6 Product Forms 2.1072.7 Fabrication 2.1292.8 Joining 2.1382.9 Finishes 2.1622.10 Glossary 2.174

References 2.177

Chapter 3. Titanium 3.1

3.43.23.123.3

Properties 3.163.4Corrosion and Corrosion Resistance 3.273.5Alloys for Cryogenic Applications 3.333.6Titanium Alloys for High-Temperature Applications 3.343.7Casting Alloys 3.413.8Precipitate and Dispersoid Strengthened Alloys 3.433.9Wrought Alloy Processing 3.44References 3.60

3.1Basic MetallurgyAlloy Classification and Overview

Introduction 3.1

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Chapter 4. Plastics 4.1

4.1 Introduction 4.14.2 The Nature of Plastics 4.64.3 Polymer Structures and Polymerization Reactions 4.84.4 Plastic-Processing Methods and Design Guidelines 4.104.5 Thermosetting Plastics 4.184.6 Thermoplastics 4.344.7 Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermoplastics 4.754.8 Plastic Films and Tapes 4.764.9 Plastic Surface Finishing 4.784.10 Material Selection 4.80

References 4.106

Chapter 5. Composite Materials and Processes 5.1

5.1 Introduction 5.15.2 Material Systems 5.55.3 Ply Orientations, Symmetry, and Balance 5.255.4 Quasi-isotropic Laminate 5.315.5 Analysis 5.325.6 Composite Failure and Design Allowables 5.355.7 Composite Fabrication Techniques 5.405.8 Analysis 5.765.9 Design of Composite Structures 5.785.10 Damage Tolerance 5.855.11 Composite Repairs 5.885.12 Adhesive Bonding and Mechanical Fastening 5.915.13 Environmental Effects 5.965.14 Composite Testing 5.985.15 Safety Issues with Composite Materials 5.103

References 5.105

Chapter 6. Part 1: Natural and Synthetic Rubbers 6.1

6.1 Historical 6.16.2 Properties of Polymers 6.36.3 General-Purpose Rubbers 6.5

6.4 Specialty Rubbers 6.76.5 Thermoplastic Elastomers 6.96.6 Characterizing Heat and Oil Resistance 6.106.7 Other Properties 6.156.8 Compounding Rubber 6.28

References 6.31Suggested Readings 6.31

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Chapter 6. Part 2: Elastomeric Materials and Processes 6.35Introduction 6.35Thermoplastic Elastomers (TPEs) 6.35Polyurethane Thermoplastic Elastomers (TPUs) 6.45Polyamides 6.56Melt Processable Rubber (MPR) 6.58Thermoplastic Vulcanizate (TPV) 6.60Synthetic Rubbers (SRs) 6.67Natural Rubber (NR) 6.83Conclusion 6.85References 6.85

Chapter 7. Ceramics and Ceramic Composites 7.17.1 Introduction 7.17.2 Ceramic Fabrication 7.37.3 Surface Properties of Ceramics 7.67.4 Thermal Properties of Ceramic Materials 7.97.5 Mechanical Properties of Ceramic Substrates 7.147.6 Electrical Properties of Ceramics 7.227.7 Metallization of Ceramic Substrates 7.297.8 Ceramic Materials 7.407.9 Composite Materials 7.497.10 Forming Ceramics and Composites to Shape 7.57

References 7.60

Chapter 8. Inorganic Glasses 8.18.1 Commercial Glass Families 8.18.2 Special Glasses 8.378.3 Glass Making IGlass Melting 8.828.4 Glass Making IIGlass Forming 8.1028.5 Annealing and Tempering 8.1198.6 Glass Fiber 8.1458.7 Optical Communications Fiber 8.1638.8 Notes and Acknowledgments 8.170

References 8.170Bibliography 8.172

Chapter 9. Coatings and Finishes 9.19.1 Introduction 9.19.2 Environment and Safety 9.59.3 Surface Preparation 9.69.4 Coating Selection 9.129.5 Coating Materials 9.229.6 Application Methods 9.41

6.96.106.116.126.136.146.156.166.17

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9.7 Curing 9.559.8 Summary 9.58

References 9.59

Chapter 10. Metallic Finishes and Processes 10.110.1 Fundamentals 10.110.2 Metallic Finishes and Processes 10.210.3 Aluminum Coatings 10.510.4 Cadmium Coatings 10.2710.5 Chromium Coatings 10.3510.6 Copper Coatings 10.4410.7 Copper Alloy Coatings 10.50

10.8 Tin and Tin Alloy Coatings 10.5410.9 Silver Coatings 10.63

References 10.66

Chapter 11. Plastics Joining Materials and Processes 11.111.1 Introduction 11.111.2 General Types of Plastic Materials 11.211.3 Types of Plastic Joining Processes 11.4

11.4 Direct Heat Welding 11.511.5 Indirect Heating Methods 11.2011.6 Friction Welding 11.2511.7 Solvent Cementing 11.3711.8 Methods of Mechanical Joining 11.4011.9 Recommended Assembly Processes for Common Plastics 11.5011.10 More Information on Joining Plastics 11.61

References 11.62

Chapter 12. Plastics and Elastomers as Adhesives 12.112.1 Introduction to Adhesives 12.112.2 Design and Test of Adhesive Joints 12.1512.3 Surface Preparation 12.3212.4 Types of Adhesives 12.6012.5 Selecting an Adhesive 12.8212.6 Effect of the Environment 12.9512.7 Processing and Quality Control of Adhesive Joints 12.107

References 12.119

Chapter 13. Testing of Materials 13.113.1 Introduction 13.1

Typical Paint and Coating Test Program 13.613.2 Chemical Characterization 13.14

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13.3 Thermal Analysis 13.2413.4 Thermal Testing 13.3213.5 Mechanical Testing 13.3613.6 Miscellaneous Testing 13.44

Recommended Readings 13.54References 13.54

Chapter 14. Materials Recycling 14.114.1 Introduction 14.114.2 Collection of Materials for Recycling 14.1814.3 Ferrous Metal Recycling 14.2214.4 Aluminum Recycling 14.26

14.5 Recycling of Other Nonferrous Metals 14.2914.6 Glass Recycling 14.2914.7 Paper Recycling 14.3214.8 Plastics Recycling 14.5014.9 Recycling of Rubber 14.9714.10 Recycling of Textiles 14.9814.11 Recycling of Wood 14.99

References 14.100

Index I.1

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