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会议日程. Room F 13:30 - 15:00 8-O-1Remote Sensing of Natural and Cultural Heritage - Part (1) Co-chair Mario Hernandez (International Society for Digital Earth ) Co-chair Xinyuan Wang (Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, CAS ). - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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姓名 于丽君
学号 201218007010048
会议名称 第三十五届国际环境遥感大会35th International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment, ISRSE35
会议时间 2013 年 4 月 22 日 ~ 26 日
会议地点 北京国际会议中心
会议日程
Room F 13:30 - 15:00
8-O-1Remote Sensing of Natural and Cultural Heritage - Part (1)
Co-chair Mario Hernandez (International Society for Digital Earth)Co-chair Xinyuan Wang (Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, CAS)
Recent Progress on Research and Applications of Remote Sensing
Archaeology in the Project of Tracing Source of Chinese Civilization
Yu Lijun, Nie Yueping, Wang Changlin, Zhu Jianfeng
International Centre on Space Technologies for Natural and Cultural Heritage(HIST)
Joint Laboratory of Remote Sensing ArchaeologyDepartment of Remote Sensing for Natural and Cultural Heritage, MOST
April 2013
OUTLINE
• Foreword• Research and Application Practice
– Project of Tracing the Source of Chinese Civilization
– Grand Canal– 3rd national cultural relics survey in Xinjiang– 3rd national cultural relics survey in Hainan– geophysical exploration in Hangzhou
• Conclusion and Perspective
FOREWORD
Chinese Civilization
• Chinese history begets enduring culture, which has continued without interruption for 5,000 years. This fact is without parallel in the world.
• Widely Distributed Chinese Civilization• These heritages are both irreplaceable sources of
life and inspiration.
Neolithic Shang Dynasty Zhou dynasty Han dynasty Division Sui dynasty Tang dynasty
Five Dynasty Song dynasty Yuan dynasty Ming dynasty Qing dynasty China
courtesy of Patricia Buckley Ebrey
Crisis
Natural factors • Flood• Earthquake• Landslides• Forest fire• Global change• ……
Human-caused threat• Resource over-exploitation• Deforestation• Hydroelectric project• Pollution• Urbanization• Uncontrolled tourism• ……
Satellite
Multi Spectral
• VHR - IKONOS, Quick Bird• HR - ETM+, SPOT
SAR (Asar, etc.)
…
Aerial
Photogrammetry
Multi spectral
Hyperspectral
SAR
Lidar
…
Ground
Magnetic
Electromagnetic
GPR
ERT
…
Remote Sensing and Archaeology
RESEARCH
Main Work
• Discovery and Detection
• Spatial Analysis of archaeological sites
• Integration of Multi-Source Remote
Sensing
• Site Location Prediction
• Environmental change
• Simulation of ancient environment
RESEARCHDISCOVERY AND DETECTION
Data Acquisitiondata type数据类型
coverage area覆盖范围
Amount总数
Path/row轨道号
Data volume
数据总量
Time成像时间
Band波段数
resolution比例尺 /
分辨率
projection投影
Format
格式
30 年代地形图 中东部及满洲大部地区 4843 景 316M 30 年代左右 - 1:50000 - *.tif
CORONA
陈旗磨沟,城子崖,二里头,康巴郭岗顶遗迹,良渚,凌家滩遗址,牛河梁,齐家坪遗址,陶寺,王城岗遗址,西坡遗址,向家坝库区,云南昭通诸葛营古城
13 景 - 23.6G 1960 年代左右 1 - - *.tif
MSS 全国 580 景左右 - - 1978 年左右 4 57m UTM WGS-84 *.tif
TM 全国 580 景左右 - - 80-90 年代 6 30m UTM WGS-84 *.tif
ETM 全国 580 景左右 - - 2000 年左右 715m pan30m mul
UTM WGS84 *.tif
ASTER
二里头,齐家坪遗址,陈旗磨沟,牛河梁,城子崖,良渚,陶寺,王城岗遗址,凌家滩遗址,西坡遗址
12 景 - 1.2G 2001 年左右 14
15m VNIR
UTM WGS-84 .dat 30m SWIR
90m TIR
SPOT5
安阳殷墟,二里头,吉林高句丽王城王陵及贵族墓葬,良渚,洛阳龙门石窟,王城岗遗址,周口店
7 景
278-277 , 276-
281 , 298-
267 , 299-
267 , 294-
289 , 276-
281 , 277-
280 , 279-270
7.4G 2005 年左右 5
2.5m pan
GCS WGS84 *.dim 10m mul
QB , IKONOS , WV2
二里头,陈旗磨沟齐家墓地,齐家坪遗址,牛河梁,城子崖,良渚,陶寺,王城岗遗址,凌家滩遗址,西坡遗址,石家河,刘家屯遗址。新津宝墩遗址
13 景 - 836M 2010 年左右 4
Pan
UTM WGS-84 *.tif mul
RADARSAT2 二里头,陶寺,良渚 3 景 - 998M 2010 年 - - GCS WGS84 *.tif
Archaeological Sites• Archaeological sites show up
as:– Structures – Shadow marks– Soil marks– Crop marks– Thermal anomalies
Courtesy of Dr. Anthony Beck
• Image feature :– Tone/Texture/Shape/Size/
Position/Spatial
pattern/Shadow/Spatial
relationship/Flood/Frost and
snow/moisture/Vegetation
Crop marksCase study: Erlitou(Henan,China)
Image : WorldView2
Date : 2010
The rammed soil is very dry with poor water permeability, which is not good for root system development. These vegetation get less sunlight and nutrients growing in undesirable way.
building
building
Vegetation over palacevegetation
surrounding
Erlitou is the largest site associated with the Erlitou Culture.
From the multispectral images, the color of the site boundary is slightly deeper than the surrounding sparse grass. Look from the high resolution panchromatic band, the vegetation grew well, reflectivity relatively low, thus forming a black area.(east wall of Baodun site)
Building siteFrom the multispectral images, the color of the house foundation is dark gray, similar with the color of the ancient city walls, and in the panchromatic band showed gray-black. There is no obvious sign in Google. Through scene excavation, we found a house foundation.(west side of Sishui River)
wall borderSporadic vegetation distribution in Google Earth beyond the wall boundary. This phenomenon is not obvious in Corona image.(Taosi site)
interpretation marks for archaeology
water project in Liangzhu
Penggong Dam
1960, CORONA
Tangshan Earthen Wall
Liangzhu ancient city
Peng Gong dam
2011.3.18 QuickBird
ancient water project in Liangzhu, Zhejiang
B.P.4800 using C14 dating Artificial building
case1
case21960, CORONA
Peng Gong dam
case1case2
Tangshan Earthen Wall large defensive structures Artificial flood protection works First dam in Chinese Hydropower
West of earthen wall
inside of earthen wall
ancient river channel identification
Yiluo River had changed many times in history. Many sites were buried in Luoyang basin.
accumulation of fluvial facies remain in local area
ancient Luohe speculated by marks of river overflow according to CORONA and images
Case study : Luoyang BasinMulti scale data integration
Erlitou
Detection of temperature anomaly
The temperature of palace site in Erlitou is higher than other area with low soil moisture.
Case study : ErlitouData: ASTER and MODIS(Thermal Infrared)
LST map processed by Gaussian low-pass filter
Palace
TVDI map of Erlitou sites
Red-low moistureGreen-high moisture
RESEARCH-SPATIAL ANALYSIS
Site statistical analysis in Taihu Basin
良渚古城
Majiabang/Songze/Liangzhu culture located in the lower place, which means that sea levels were lower during the three culture periods.
Maqiao culture located in higher place. Maqiao culture is formed during Shang and Zhou dynasty, when the sea level was high.
Corresponding to historical fact
Threshold: 5m
(<5m,lower;>5m,higher)
number
Cultural period Majiangbang Songze Liangzhu Maqiao
Higher
lower
The distribution characteristics of archaeological sites and geomorphology have a close relationship.
spatial distribution of sites in different culture periods
about 70% of the Majiabang culture sites are north of Taihu and concentrate in the hillside and high hill areas northeast of Taihu
Number:97avg elevation:13mavg slope:1.68
Liangzhu sites have a significant increase in the distribution and extend to the Taihu lake widely, especially to the southeast
Songze sites lay highland between rivers and lakes
composite analysis:
1 、 The relationship between water
and archaeological sites is obvious.
2 、 Slope is less than 30°. The
average slope is about 5°.
Maqiao culture period mainly distribute at waterfront highland and the foot of hill
Sites inculture period
Shell ridge
Shell ridge(5000a B.P)
Shell fossile
elevation
Majiabang Songze LiangzhuNumber:51avg elevation:7.3mavg slope:0.78
Number:107avg elevation:9.5mavg slope:1.25
Hushu Maqiao Chunqiu SuitangNumber:95avg elevation:18mavg slope:5.35
Number:49avg elevation:16mavg slope:3.15
the number of sites after Maqiao culture period decrease for the rising of water level in Taihu
Taosi Culture Site• Linfeng basin is located in southwest of Shanxi• the largest Longshan site discovered in the
Linfen basin area, possibly a regional center.
Ta’er Mountain
LuoyunMountain
Fenhe River
Taosiarchaeological excavation
ancient astronomical observatory
Buffer Analysis
Cultural period
number of sites
200m buffer zone
percentage400m buffer zone
percentage600m buffer zone
percentage
Yangshao 12 6 50% 10 83.3% 11 91.7%Longshan 24 8 33.3% 18 75% 20 83.3%Miaodigou 12 4 33.3% 10 83.3% 12 100%
Zhou 11 4 36.4% 8 72.7% 10 90.9%
Probably in over 90 percent of the cases, the distance from site to river is less than 600m.
The resistance model was deduced according to
elevation,slope,aspect and distance to river.
Most sites are inside the most comfortable areas
for human-being to live according to statistics.
aspectslope Distance to riverResistance model
suitability analysis
control over the resources
material supply: Zhangzuan(pottery
supply) Daguduishan quarry
(stone supply) Boyucun(pottery
supply) Gushucun(pottery
supply)?
ZhangzanTaosi
Dagushandui
Boyu
Gushu
Relationship between human migrations and
natural environment in different stages of social
development:
Most Paleolithic humans lived in mountainous regions
Most ancient humans lived in front of the mountain, rivers
terrace during Neolithic and Xia, Shang and Zhou Periods
The elevation of settlements was increasingly lower with the
development of human society.
productivity growth
Viewshed AnalysisCase study: Liangzhu Ancient CityData: Aster GDEM, ETM+
Liangzhu Ancient City
QiantangRiver
Taihu Lake
Viewshed Analysis plays an important part in archaeology. The small settlements during the Liangzhu culture period are within
the visibility of Liangzhu Ancient City. The ancient city is the center of archeological sites, which shows its
noble status.
Liangzhu Ancient City
APPLICATION PRACTICE-INTEGRATION
original image after Pansharp
case study: north wall(Liangzhu Ancient City)
Pansharp enhanced LEE filter
weak information enhanced
Identification of ancient wall
APPLICATION PRACTICE-SITE LOCATION PREDICTION
Site Location Prediction Natural environment is the base of settlements
in the process of form and development. geographic distribution feature of archaeological
sites—Archaeological predictive model
tool
landscape
water
food chain
raw materials
DEM(30m)
ETM+
original data derived data prediction probability
Discovery, Preservation, Management and Planning
APPLICATION PRACTICE-ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES
catchment basin and settlementsCase study : Liangzhu| Taosi
The reconstructure of environment is vital to the research of society, culture and economy of the day.
Relationship between settlements and catchment basin : The larger the catchment basin is, the larger the settlement is.
simulation of rainfall
13.12
7.28 9.50
48.36
23.44
56.14
13.63 9.99
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
马家浜 崧泽 良渚 湖熟、马桥 周春秋 战国秦汉 魏晋南北朝 隋唐
不同时期遗址平均高程统计图Statistic of elevation in different period
Majiabang Songze Liangzhu Maqiao Zhou Zhanguo Weijin Tang
low sea level?high sea level?
sea level changes during the holocene epoch in Taihu Basin
sea level decline-low sea level-sea levels rising
River Diversion of Dongtiaoxi
deviation of river
flood mark
water change is an important part of environmental change
The changes of Dongtiaoxi river were closely connected with Liangzhu culture development.
In the light of historical data of environment and the marks in the old aerial photoes, we can deduce the river course and direction.
Liangzhu’s flood control system predicted
APPLICATION PRACTICE
Linear Cultural Heritage
The Grand Canal is the longest canal in the world. passes through 8 provinces The canal was started in the 6th cent. BC and was constructed over a 2,000-year
period. canal remains navigable between Jining and Hangzhou .
LANDSAT ETM+ ( 2000-2002 )
SPOT5 (2002-2007)
evolution and growth of Yangzhou
1954 aerial photo 1998 aerial photo 2002 SPOT5
Grand Canal of China
new-built canal
ancient canal
Grand Canal of China in Yangzhou(sluice)
pattern evolution of Yangzhou city influenced by Grand Canal
Virtual reality and visualizationcase study: ancient city model(Tongzhou)
aerial photography in sites investigationcase study : Juyan sites group(Inner Mongolia)
XinJiang Province
Aheqi tomb
Haitou City
The investigation has proven some detection technique. In practice, we have identified the majority of surficial sites and found a lot of new sites.
Change of Minjiang EstuaryHan-Tang-Songuan-MingQing-Now
HanTangSongyuanMingqingNow
Detection of site under ground
In order to coordinate infrastructure and preserve the archaeological sites, RS+Ground Penetrating Radar are employed to the study area.
Help us identify archaeological objects under ground
case study: Hangzhou
Radar reflection profile view
Conclusion and Perspective
Our Objective
• Chinese Integrated database for remote sensing archaeology
• spectrum library of typical ground objects for archaeological sites
• Archaeological Predictive Model• To establish an integrated research
system for Project of Tracing source of Chinese Civilization
The Future
• Geophysical Prospecting• VR• Lidar• Unmanned Aerial Vehicle• ……
Thank you!
The farther backward you can look, the farther forward you are likely to see. -Sir Winston Churchill