從職能治療歷史看從職能治療歷史看職能治療的定義職能治療的定義

健照所二年級健照所二年級TA8951092TA8951092

周映君周映君

職能治療職能治療 (Occupational Therapy)(Occupational Therapy)

Occupation? Occupation?

An activity or task with which one occupies oneself

http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/occupation

WFOTWFOT

Occupational therapy is a profession concerned Occupational therapy is a profession concerned with promoting with promoting healthhealth and and well beingwell being through through occupationoccupation. The primary goal of occupational . The primary goal of occupational therapy is to enable people to participate in the therapy is to enable people to participate in the activities of everyday life. Occupational therapists activities of everyday life. Occupational therapists achieve this outcome by enabling people to do achieve this outcome by enabling people to do things that will enhance their ability to participate things that will enhance their ability to participate or by modifying the environment to better support or by modifying the environment to better support participation.participation.

http://www.wfot.org/information.asp?id=2http://www.wfot.org/information.asp?id=2

AOTAAOTA

Occupational therapy is Occupational therapy is skilled treatmentskilled treatment t that helps individuals achieve hat helps individuals achieve independenindependencece in in all facets of their livesall facets of their lives. Occupational . Occupational therapy assists people in developing the “therapy assists people in developing the “skills for the job of livingskills for the job of living” necessary for in” necessary for independent and satisfying lives. dependent and satisfying lives.

http://www.aota.org/Consumers/WhatisOT.aspxhttp://www.aota.org/Consumers/WhatisOT.aspx

台灣職能治療學會台灣職能治療學會 職能治療的職能治療的目的目的在協助個案能夠選擇、安排與執在協助個案能夠選擇、安排與執行日常的職能活動，進而提昇其生活品質。職能治行日常的職能活動，進而提昇其生活品質。職能治療的療的對象對象包括因生理、心理及社會功能障礙、發展包括因生理、心理及社會功能障礙、發展遲緩、學習障礙、老化或社會文化環境不利等因素遲緩、學習障礙、老化或社會文化環境不利等因素而導致執行個人的活動或參與社會的能力受限者。而導致執行個人的活動或參與社會的能力受限者。職能治療專業人員應用職能治療專業人員應用職能科學與理論及活動分析，職能科學與理論及活動分析，來瞭解影響個案職能表現的原因；針對個案的生理、來瞭解影響個案職能表現的原因；針對個案的生理、心理及社會功能予以訓練、提昇，同時並運用環境心理及社會功能予以訓練、提昇，同時並運用環境改造、副木及輔助用具、工作簡化、以及工作強化改造、副木及輔助用具、工作簡化、以及工作強化等方法，來幫助個案能夠執行有意義的日常活動，等方法，來幫助個案能夠執行有意義的日常活動，以維持其身心功能，並預防功能之退化，讓每個人以維持其身心功能，並預防功能之退化，讓每個人都能夠過著有品質的生活。都能夠過著有品質的生活。

http://www.ot-roc.org.tw/otstd/ot_difinition.htmhttp://www.ot-roc.org.tw/otstd/ot_difinition.htm

A Look Back in HistoryA Look Back in History 1818世紀末到世紀末到 1919世紀初世紀初 ::

Moral treatment movemeMoral treatment movementnt

http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/418882_6Phillippe PinelPhillippe Pinel William TukeWilliam Tuke

2020世紀初期世紀初期 : Civil War: Civil War Moral treatment almost exMoral treatment almost ex

tincttinct New modes of communicNew modes of communic

ation, transportation, and ation, transportation, and machines change the pacmachines change the pace of everyday lifee of everyday life

Tool and machine Tool and machine usinusing handsg hands

A Look Back in HistoryA Look Back in History

1910: Susan Tracy wrote the first 1910: Susan Tracy wrote the first book about occupation (Studies in book about occupation (Studies in invalid occupations: A manual for invalid occupations: A manual for nurse and attendants)nurse and attendants)

1917: National Society for the 1917: National Society for the Promotion of Occupational Therapy Promotion of Occupational Therapy (AOTA)(AOTA)

A Look Back in HistoryA Look Back in History

A Look Back in HistoryA Look Back in History

Dunton’s Principles of OTDunton’s Principles of OT Any activity should have a cure as its objective.Any activity should have a cure as its objective. The activity should be interesting.The activity should be interesting. There should be a useful purpose other than to merely gain There should be a useful purpose other than to merely gain

the patient’s attention and interest. the patient’s attention and interest. The activity should preferably lead to an increase in The activity should preferably lead to an increase in

knowledge on the patient’s part.knowledge on the patient’s part. Activity should be carried on with others, such as a group.Activity should be carried on with others, such as a group. The occupational therapist should make a careful study of the The occupational therapist should make a careful study of the

patient and attempt to meet as many needs as possible patient and attempt to meet as many needs as possible through activity.through activity.

Activity should cease before the onset of fatigue.Activity should cease before the onset of fatigue. Genuine encouragement should be given whenever indicated.Genuine encouragement should be given whenever indicated. Work is much to be preferred over idleness, even when the Work is much to be preferred over idleness, even when the

end product of the patient’s labor is of poor quality or is end product of the patient’s labor is of poor quality or is useless.useless.

Adolph MeyerAdolph Meyer

Holistic Holistic perspectiveperspective

The keynote he The keynote he delivered in the delivered in the fifth annual fifth annual meeting meeting established the established the philosophical philosophical base of OTbase of OT

““There are many…rhythms which we must be There are many…rhythms which we must be attuned to : the larger rhythms of night and attuned to : the larger rhythms of night and day, of sleep and waking hours… and finally day, of sleep and waking hours… and finally the big four -the big four - work and play and rest and sleep work and play and rest and sleep, , which our organism must be able to balance which our organism must be able to balance even under difficulty. The only way to attain even under difficulty. The only way to attain balance in all this is balance in all this is actual doing, actual actual doing, actual practice,practice, a program of wholesome living as the a program of wholesome living as the basis of wholesome feeling and thinking and basis of wholesome feeling and thinking and fancy and interests”.fancy and interests”.

Adolph MeyerAdolph Meyer

World War IWorld War I Reconstruction Reconstruction

aidesaides RehabilitationRehabilitation Physical Physical

disabilitiesdisabilities(Depression slows (Depression slows

development)development)

A Look Back in HistoryA Look Back in History

World War IIWorld War II Created new demand for Created new demand for

more OT practitioners.more OT practitioners. 正式被視為主要復健服務正式被視為主要復健服務並納入軍方編制。並納入軍方編制。

A Look Back in HistoryA Look Back in History

A Look Back in HistoryA Look Back in History

Post World War IIPost World War II New drug and technNew drug and techn

ologyology

(Deinstitution plan)(Deinstitution plan)

(Community mental he(Community mental health programs)alth programs)

Effect of legislationEffect of legislation

1960:Specialization1960:Specialization

台灣職能治療史台灣職能治療史

民國民國 3434年（省立錫口療養院）、民國年（省立錫口療養院）、民國 3838年（仁濟療養院）：護士或技術員年（仁濟療養院）：護士或技術員

民國民國 4343年陸軍年陸軍 831831醫院：職業治療科醫院：職業治療科 民國民國 4444年台大精神科：護士指導手工藝和年台大精神科：護士指導手工藝和娛樂娛樂

民國民國 4545年台大醫院成立作業治療部年台大醫院成立作業治療部 民國民國 5656年振興復健中心及台大醫院開始小年振興復健中心及台大醫院開始小兒麻痺、中風及脊髓損傷之職能治療兒麻痺、中風及脊髓損傷之職能治療

民國民國 5757 年馬偕、榮總：作業治療年馬偕、榮總：作業治療 職能治療人才培育：台大（民職能治療人才培育：台大（民 5959 ）、中）、中山（民山（民 7777 ）、高醫（民）、高醫（民 7878 ）、成大（民）、成大（民7979 ）、長庚（民）、長庚（民 8282 ）、義守、（民）、義守、（民 9292 ）、）、輔仁（民輔仁（民 9393 ））

民國民國 6262 年推動立法，民國年推動立法，民國 8686 年通過立法年通過立法 民國民國 7575 年加入年加入 WFOTWFOT

台灣職能治療史台灣職能治療史

OTOT 的定義？的定義？

台灣職能治療學會台灣職能治療學會 WFOTWFOT AOTAAOTA 目前我自己對目前我自己對 OTOT 的定義的定義

Thank you Thank you for your for your listening!!listening!!