1mitropoliti anania jafariZe

saqarTvelos wmida samociqulo

da marTlmadidebeli eklesiis

iurisdiqciis sazRvrebi

Tbilisi 2012

2saqarTvelos wmida samociqulo damarTlmadidebeli eklesiis iurisdiqciis sazRvrebi

`saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel eklesias~ uZvelesidroidan `saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiac~ ewodeboda,vinaidan igi qristes mociqulebma daafuZnes.

wm. mociqulTa epoqaSi, I saukunis 30-iani wlebidan II sauku-nis 60-iani wlebis CaTvliT, iberia Zlieri saxelmwifo iyo,romelic kavkasiis mniSvnelovan nawils moicavda. romaeli is-torikosebi tacitusi, dion kasiusi da sxvebi aRweren iberiiscxovrebas (tacitusis cnobiT I s. 30-iani wlebidan iberia me-gobrobda romTan da Tavisi Zlieri jariT ebrZoda parTiissaxelmwifos, raTa armenia maTgan gaeTavisuflebina. parTielT-agan gaTavisuflebis Semdeg armeniaSi gamefda iberTa mefismiTridates Ze, SemdegSic iberiis samefo saxlis wevrebi mar-Tavdnen armenias, maT Soris tacitusi gamoyofs iberiis mefisfarsmanis vaJs radamists. tacitusis cnobiTve armeniasTanerTad imJamad `iberiam SeierTa albania da uxmo sarmatebs~(CORNELIUS TACITUS, ANNALES, VI,33-36, IX,9, XII,15-50). meore is-torikosis dion kasiusis cnobiT II s. pirvel naxevarSi ` iberi-is mefe farasmanesi roca meuRlesTan erTad romSi Camobr-Zanda adrianem (romis imperatorma) gaafarTova misi samflo-beloebi~ (dion kasiosi, romis istoria, LXIX, 15).

Zveli qarTuli saeklesio wyaroebis `moqcevai qarTli-sais~ (VII-IX ss.) da `qarTlis cxovrebis~ (VIII-XI ss.) cnobebiTwmida mociqulebis epoqaSi Tanamedrove saqarTvelos teri-torias moicavda saxelmwifo - `qarTlis samefo~, romelsacucxoelebi iberias uwodebdnen, is iyo memkvidre didi isto-riuli kolxidisa.

Zveli qarTuli saeklesio wyaroebisa da ruis-urbnisis

3krebis gansazRvrebiT Camoyalibebis Tanave saqarTvelos ek-lesiis iurisdiqciaSi Sedioda sruliad saqarTvelos isto-riuli miwa-wyali da mTeli qarTveli eri (mcxovrebi rogorcdasavleT, ise aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi). amitomac nabrZa-nebia ruis-urbnisis krebis ZeglisweraSi _ `wmida mociqulmaandriam iqadaga yovelsa qveyanasa saqarTveloisasa~, xolo wmi-da ninom `gananaTla yoveli savseba yovelTa qarTvelTa naTe-savisa~ (didi sjuliskanoni, 1974, gv. 545-546).

Cveni wyaroebis am miTiTebebs mTlianad eTanxmebian IV-Vda sxva saukuneebis ucxouri wyaroebi

kerZod, IV saukunis eklesiis istorikosi gelasi kesarie-li wm. ninos Sesaxeb wers _ imperator konstantines xanaSi`RmrTis cneba miiRes pontos gaswvriv miwa-wyalze mcxovrebmaiberebma da lazebma, romelTac manamde is ara swamdaT. am udide-si sikeTis mizezi gaxda erTi dedakaci, romelic maTTan iyotyved~ (georgika, I, 1961, gv. 186).

amasve wers V saukunis istorikosi gelasi kvizikelic _`amave dros pontos gaswvriv mdebare qveynis mcxovrebma iberebmada lazebma RmrTis sityva, romelic manamde ar swamdaT Seiwy-nares~ (mimomxilveli, I, 1926, gv. 55).

maSasadame gelasi kesarielisa da gelasi kvizikelis cnobe-biT, mTelma qarTvelma erma, rogorc zRvispireTSi mcxovre-blebma (lazebma), ise qveynis danarCen nawilSi mcxovreblebma(iberebma), erTdroulad miiRo ` RvTis mcneba~ wmida ninos mier.iberTa moqcevis faqts aRweren ax. w. IV-V saukuneebis istori-kosebi: sokrate (saeklesio istoria, wigni I, 19), Teodoritoskvireli (eklesiis istoria, wigni I, 1, 23.), sozomene (saekle-sio istoria, wigni I, 6, 7, 34, 36) da rufinusi (saeklesio isto-ria, I, 10).

gelasi kesarielisa da gelasi kvizikelis cnobebs, rom wmi-da ninom moaqcia lazebic iberebTan erTad, eTanadeba V sauku-nis cnobili istorikosis movses xorenacis cnoba, is wers,

4vrceli areali Savi zRvidan kaspiis zRvamde moqcia wmida ni-nom, romelmac iqadaga klarjeTidan vidre kaspiis zRvipireT-Si imJamad mcxovreb masquTebamde _ `sanatreli nune wavidaiqedan, raTa Tavisi advilgasagebi saubriT qarTvelTa qveynissxva kuTxeebic daemoZRvra... gavbedav da vityvi, rom nune mociqu-li qali gaxda, man iqadaga saxareba klarjeTidan dawyebuli vi-dre alanTa da kaspiis karebamde, masquTTa sazRvrebamde, rogorcamas agaTangelozi gauwyebs Sen~ (movses xorenaci, somxeTis is-toria, 1984, gv. 172).

agaTangelozis cnobiTac, movses xorenacis sityviT, wmi-da ninos uqadagnia Savi zRvispireTidan - klarjeTidan, vi-dre kaspiis zRavmde (masquTebamde).

saqarTvelos provincia klarjeTi mdebareobda SavizRvispirze, xolo masquTebis tomi wmida ninos epoqaSi cx-ovrobda kaspiis zRvispirze, am arealze iqadaga wm ninomxorenelis cnobiT.

dasavleT saqarTvelo klarjeTis CrdiloeTiT mdebare-obda da am cnobebiTac wm. ninos samoRvaweo arealSi, Sedio-da. dasavleT saqarTvelo Semdeg xaukuneebSic saqarTveloseklesiis iurisdiqciaSi Sedioda, radganac kirion kaTaliko-si (VI-VII ss) egrisis arqiepiskoposic iyo ioane somexTa kaTa-likosis cnobis (899 w.) Tanaxmad. is wers _ kirion I iyo mamamTa-vari `iberielTa, gugarelTa da egriselTa adrindeli wesis Se-sabamisad~ (ioane kaTalikosis (drasxanakertelis) matiane, 1912,gv. 65).

am mxriv gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania cnobili istori-kosis uxtanesis cnobebi, romelic exeba saqarTvelos eklesi-is istorias VIII-X ss. uxtanesi Tanamedrove iyo mis mier aRw-erili ambebisa.

qarTuli wyaroebiT ki, rogorc aRiniSna, dasavleTsaqarTvelo gaqristianebidanve uwyvetad saqarTvelos (mcx-eTis) saeklesio iurisdiqciaSi Sedioda. qarTuli wyaroebi am

5kuTxiT sagangebod Seiswavla iv. javaxiSvilma da daaskvna- -andria mociqulic da wmida ninoc saerTo qarTuli eklesiis dam-aarseblad da mTeli eris ganmanaTleblad iyvnen cnobilni,saqarTvelos sxvadasxva nawilebis calke mqadageblebis gamoZeb-nis survilic ar hqoniaT, radgan isini mTliani da ganuyofelisaqarTvelos gamntkicebisa da aRorZinebisaTvis iRwvodnen~ (iv.javaxiSvili, qarTveli eris istoria, t. III, gv. 47). `es arisqarTvel saxelovan mecnierTa mier dadgenili da mTeli qarTve-li erisagan Sesisxlxorcebuli Semecneba~ (iqve, gv. 97).

`moqcevaY qarTlisaYs~ cnobiT, V saukunis 60-70-ian wleb-Si, vaxtang gorgaslis epoqaSi, saqarTvelos eklesiis meTaursmamamTavris tituli hqonia (sityva `mamamTavari~ identuriasityva `patriarqisa~). aq pirvel kaTalikoss petres mamamTa-vari ewodeba _ `aqaiTgan iwyes kaTalikosTamamamTavrobad~(Zegl, I, 1964, gv. 93).

vaxtang gorgasalma ineba, rom saqarTvelos eklesia mow-yobiliyo rogorc erTiani, centralizebuli, samamamTavroeklesia, e.i. dedaqalaqis (mcxeTis) episkoposi saqarTveloseklesiisaTvis sayovelTao episkoposi anu kaTalikosi gaxda(berZn. sityvidan _ ` kaTolos~ _ sayovelTao)

qadagebaTa Semdgom IV-VII ssSi saqarTvelos yovel nawil-Si Camoyalibda aTeulobiT eparqia da saepiskoposo. maTi ricxvigasakuTrebiT gaizarda VIII-X ss-Si, amis gamo, warmoiqmnasaWiroeba, raTa saqarTvelos eklesiaSi eparqiaTa marTvis gaad-vilebisaTvis Camoyalibuliyo ramdenime saeklesio admini-starciuli olqi, msgavsni bizantiuri samitropolito olqe-bisa. am mizniT, qarTuli eklesiis wiaRSi Camoyalibda dasvleTsaqarTvelos momcveli saeklesio-administaciuli erTeuli,romelsac `qvemo iveriis~ anu afxazeTis sakaTalikoso ewode-boda. mis mmarTvels ` umrwemesi kaTalikosis~ tituli meini-Wa, radganac `uxucesi kaTalikosi~ mcxeTis pirvelierarqserqva,

6Zvel saqarTveloSi saeklesio-administraciuli erTeu-lis daarsebis ufleba ekuTvnoda mefes, amitomac afxazeTissakaTalikosos daarsebas esaWiroeboda dasturi saxelmwifoxelisuflebis mxridan da marTlac, saqarTvelos mefe bagratbagrationma (IX s.) gasca amis dasturi.

amitomac wers mematiane Semdegs: ` aman bagrat ganawesa kaTa-likozi afxazeTs qristes aqeT 830 wels~ (qarTlis cxovreba,1955, I, gv. 255).

afxazeTis sakaTalikoso aRmocenda qarTvel mefeTa dapirvelierarqTa nebiT da is SemdgomSi yovelTvis erT-erTadministraciul _ saeklesio olqs warmoadgenda zogadqarTu-li eklesiisa.

afxazeTis sakaTalikoso, istoriulad qarTuli eklesiiserT nawils warmoadgenda, romlis meore nawili iyo qarTlissakaTalikoso.

aseve, Semdgom saukuneebSi, Crdilo kavkasiaSi qristiano-bis gavrcelebis kvaldakval, Camoyalibda xunZeTis (daRest-nis) samitropolito olqi, romelsac qarTuli eklesiis iuris-diqciaSi Semavali kaTalikosi marTavda, amis Tqmis uflebasiZleva is, rom sinas mTis qarTulma xelnawerebma Semoinaxes`xunZeli kaTalikosis oqropiris~ saxeli, amasTanave cnobil-ia, rom kavkasiis am regionSi ramdenime saepiskoposo moqmedeb-da (anwuxisa, waxurisa, War-fifineTisa da sxva), arqeologebismier dadasturebulia am regionSi mravali qristianuli ek-lesiis naSTi qarTuli warwerebiT. sxva qristianul naSTebTanerTad aRmoCenilia IX-X ss. sefiskveris qvis sabeWdavic kiaseve qarTuli warwerebiT.

samxreT saqarTvelosa da Crdilo somxeTSi mcxovrebimrevlisaTvis aseve daarsebuli iqna saqarTvelos eklesiisiurisdiqciaSi Semavali saeklesio-administraciuli erTeuli_ ` somxiTis samitropolitos~ saxelwodebiT.

7saqarTvelos sapatriarqoSi Semavali ramdenime sakaTali-koso (qarTlisa, afxazeTisa, xunZeTisa) da mravalaTeulisaepiskoposo qmnida erTian qarTul eklesias.

zogad qarTuli eklesiis mTlianoba miiRweoda saerTo saek-lesio samarTliT, saerTo sjuliskanoniT, saerTo qarTulisaRvTismsaxuro eniT, saerTo tradiciebiTa da saqarTveloskaTalikos-patriarqis saerTo meTaurobiT.

aRniSnul sakaTalikosoTa zemdgomi saeklesio institutiiyo saerTo sjuliskanonis da saeklesio samarTlis SemmuSave-beli saqarTvelos saeklesio krebebi. sruliad saqarTvelos pa-triarqis movaleoba iyo uzrunveleyo sruliad saqarTveloseklesiaSi (e.i. qarTlisa da afxazeTis sakaTalikosoebSi da sxvasaeklesio-administraciul erTeulebSi) saerTo sjuliskano-nis dacva.

afxazeTisa da qarTlis kaTalikosTa monawileobiT saek-lesio krebebis mier gamocemul kanonebs mTels saqarTvelo-Si (cxadia afxazeTSic) savalddebulod aRsasrulebeli ZalaeniWeboda (maT Soris samoqalaqo samarTlis sferoSic). ma-galiTad, XVI s-is saeklesio samarTlis ZeglSi, romelsac ` sa-marTali kaTalikosTa~ ewodeba, naTqvamia: `q. saxeliTa da Rv-TisaTa: me qristes mier kurTxeulman yovlisa saqarTveloisakaTalikozman-patriarqman malaqia, me qristes mier kurTxeul-man afxazeTis kaTalikozman mamaTmTavarman evdemon, davsxediTda SevkribeniT yovelni ebiskopozni afxazeTisani ...davideviTsjuliskanoni da Cvenca imisgan gamoviReviT... da sjuliskanon-ica asre brZanebs~... (qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, t. I. 1963,gv. 393-397). afxazeTis sakaTalikosos am saeklesio krebamsruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqis meTaurobiT ga-mosca kanonebi, romlebic savaldebulod aRsasrulebeli iyomTeli saqarTvelos teritoriaze, Tumca is afxazeTSi iqnamiRebuli da isini afxazeTis sakaTlikosos episkoposebma

8daamtkices (eseni iyvnen quTaTeli, genaTeli, Wyondideli,bedieli, moqveli, drandeli, cagereli, xoneli, nikorwmide-li, caiSeli), magram, isini, am krebaze, erTian saqarTveloseklesias warmoadgendnen.

`qarTlis cxovrebis~ CanarTis cnobiT, saqarTvelos ek-lesiis meTauris sapatriarqo Rirseba ucvnia VI msoflio saek-lesio krebas. Znelia iTqvas ramdenad Seesabameba realobases cnoba, magram is gvaZlevs informacias saqarTvelos ek-lesiis wiaRSi damkvidrebuli azris Sesaxeb rom, sapatriarqoRirseba saqarTvelos eklesiis meTaurs VII saukunedan gaaCn-da. es wyaro wers:

`qristes aqeT q-nk iqmna kreba meeqvse [680-681]. . .kostanti-nopolis Sina. amis krebisa mier brZanes esreT wmidisa eklesiisasaqarTvelosaTvis, romel ars wmida mcxeTa, raTa iyos swor pa-tiviTa (viTarca) wmidani samociqulo kaTolike eklesiani, sapa-triarqoni.

da iyos kaTalikosi qarTlisa swori patriarqTa Tana, daakurTxevdes, mwysides da ganagebdes simarTliT mTavarepisko-posTa, mitropolitTa da episkoposTa, da samwysosa TvissaqarTlsa gamoRma-gaRma kaxeTsa, Saqsa, Sirvansa da midgmiT-wam-ovliT mTisa adgilisaTa, suaneTsa da Cerqezis sazRvramdis,sruliad ovseTsa da yovelsa zemo-qarTlsa samcxe-saaTabagosa~(qarTlis cxovreba, 1955, gv. 231, 232).

aseve am cnobas, imeorebs Zveli saeklesio wyaro _ `mar-tviluri xelnaweri~. is asaxelebs Tavis berZnul wyars. `mar-tvilur xelnawerSi~ wyarod dasaxelebuli `konstantinopo-luri taqtikoni~. cnobilia, rom VI msoflio krebas kanonebiar gamoucia, magram krebis mier dadgenili da imperatoris mierdamtkicebuli saboloo teqsti 681 wlis 16 seqtembers gadaecasaimperatoro kars sagangebod dasacavad. albaT mas uwodebs eswyaro `konstantinopoluri taqtikons~. albaT es saboloo teqs-ti daedo safuZvlad `qarTlis cxovrebis~ zemoT moyvanil Ca-

9narTs msoflio krebis mier qarTuli eklesiisaTvis sapatriarqoRirsebis miniWebis Sesaxeb. `martvilur xelnaweris~ cnoba aseTia:`rameTu esreT Sesaswavebel ars taxtikonsa Sina kon-stantinopolisasa, viTarmed mas Jamsa wmida meeqvsesa kre-basa konstantine poRonatisasa da aRaTon romTa papisa,giorgi konstantinopolelisasa da Teofane antioqielisasada maT-Tana asocdaaTTa mamaTagan gapatiosnda kaTalikoziqarTlisa da yves mamamTavrad da Tavisuflad da ufladyovelsa zeda saqarTvelosa: da mere kvaladve krebasa Sinaantioqiisasa ganTavisuflda da gapatiosnda, rameTu ar-Raravisagan xel qveS ars, aramed Tavisufal da mamamTavariars~ (martvilis xelnawerebi, Zveli saqarTvelo, t. III,1913-1914 ww., gv . 29).

aTi wlis, Semdeg 691 wels mowveul iqna e.w. trulis kreba,romelmac iRvawa kanonSemoqmedebiTi TvalsazrisiT. Sekriba dagamosca wina msoflio krebaTa kanonebi, magram maTSi ar Sesulamravali kanoni da dadgenileba wina krebebisa, albaT, masSi armoxvda aseve VI krebis dadgenileba qarTuli eklesiis Sesaxeb. v.goilaZem gamoikvlia, rom `qarTlis cxovrebis~ zemoaRniSnulicnoba sandoa (v.goilaZe, qarTuli eklesiis saTaveebTan, 1991, gv.195).

maSasadame, Zvel qarTul saeklesio istoriografias samarTlianadmiaCnda, rom qarTulma eklesiam sapatriarqo Rirseba moipova VImsoflio krebaze, 681 wels. marTlac, iqamde patriarqis wodebasatarebda amierkavkasiis orive mezobeli eklesiis meTauri - somx-eTisa da albaneTisa, rogorc es kargad Cans movses kalankatuacisTxzulebidan. amitomac araa gasakviri is, rom qarTuli eklesiismeTaurs eZia patriarqis wodeba da moepovebina es udidesi Rirsebamsoflio eklesiis dasturiT. amis Semdeg qarTuli eklesiis pa-tivi gauTanabrdeboda msoflios sxva sapatriarqoTa pativs. amassagangebod aRniSnavs cnoba: `amis krebis mier brZanes esreT

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wmidisa eklesiisa saqarTvelosaTvis, romel ars wmidamcxeTa, raTa iyos swor pativiTa viTarca wmidani samo-ciqulo kaTolike eklesiani, sapatriarqoni da iyos kaTa-likosi qarTlisa swori patriarqTa Tana~ (qarTlis cx-ovreba, 1955, gv. 231, 232). aqvea ganxiluli qarTuli eklesiissamwyso. masSi saqarTvelos garda Sevida qarTuli eTnosiT dasax-lebuli teritoriebi: Saqi da Sirvani, kavkasiis mTianeTi `midg-miT - warmovliT mTisa adgilni~ - esenia dRevandelidaRestani, CeCneT-inguSeTi `suaneTisa da Cerqezis sazRvram-dis~, masSi Sesula `sruliad oseTi~. oseTi im droisaTvismxolod Crdilo kavkasiaSi arsebobda.

aRsaniSnavia, rom albaneTis eklesia, swored VII s-is dasas-ruls SeierTa somxurma monofiziturma eklesiam, m. kalankatuacisTanaxmad; xolo albaneTis CrdiloeTiT mdebare eTnikuriqarTvelebiT dasaxlebuli mxareebi, rogorc aRiniSna, daubrundadedaeklesias. igulisxmeba teritoria moqceuli mtkvar-alaznisSesarTavidan mtkvar-araqsis SesarTavamde, romelsac qarTvelebihereTs uwodebdnen. am mxareebis mimarT qarTul eklesias Tavisiiurisdiqciis ufleba hqonda.

aRsaniSnavia, rom dasavleT saqarTvelos SavizRvispi-ra mxareebi am droisaTvis, e .i. VII s-is bolosaTvis, kv-lavindeburad Sedioda qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi.xolo konstantinopolis sapatriarqoSi Semavali berZnu-lenovani saepiskoposoebi fasisisa, rodopolisisa, petron-isa mdebareobdnen ara dasavleT saqarTveloSi, rogorcmiiCnies XX s-Si, aramed, n. adoncis kvleviT, trapezun-tis regionSi, Tanamedrove gumuSxane-sumelas regionSi,romelic istoriulad qarTveli xalxiT iyo dasaxlebu-li, mas erqva `lazikis eparqia~.

maSasadame, TviT saqarTvelos eklesaSi istoriuladdamkvidrebuli iyo mtkiceba, rom saqarTvelos eklesias sap-

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atriarqo Rirseba miuRia VII saukuneSi, rom saqarTvelos ek-lesiis iurisdiqciaSi Sedioda Crdilo kavkasia, samxreTkavkasiis marTlmadidebluri nawili da aseve mis samxreTiTmdebare qarTvelebiT dasaxlebuli miwa-wyali. marTlac tao-klarjeTSi parxlis monastris warweraSi, romelic Sesrule-buli aris mefe daviT kurapalatis (+1001) dros, moxseniebu-li aris `qarTlisa da yovlisa aRmosavleTisa patriarqi iov-ane~.

`yoveli aRmosavleTi~ qarTuli saeklesio wyaroebis cno-biT erqva vrcel teritorias Savi zRvidan kaspiis zRvamde,Crdilo anu marTlmadideblur armeniasTan erTad.

a. saqarTvelos sapatriarqosCrdilo-dasavleTi sazRvari

saqarTvelos sapatriarqoSi Sedioda ` nikofsia~, dRevande-li tuafse, sadac qarTvelTa ganmanaTlebeli simon kananeli

iyo dakrZaluli da romelic giorgi mTawmidelis Tanaxmad,`queyanasa Cuensa _ afxazeTs~ mdebareobda. es iyo provinciajiqeTis centrSi, es provincia ki qerCamde aRwevda. rogorcwyaroebi uCveneben, saqarTvelos sapatriarqos Crdilo-dasav-

leTis sazRvari aRwevda xersonesamde. ase magaliTad, 1525-1550 wlebis biWvinTis iadgarSi afxazeTis sakaTalikosos Crdi-lo-dasavleTis sazRvrad dasaxelebulia punqti ` kafa~, Crdi-loeTis sazRvrad ki _ `ruseTis samzRvari~. punqti `kafa~

mdebareobda xersonesTan _ ` kaTalikozis sakurTxi aris, samw-yso _ lixsa da kafas Sua da ruseTis samzRuarsa da WaneTsSua~(qarT. samarTlis Zeglebi,t. II. gv. 180).

saerTod xersonesi da kafas naxevarkunZuli pirvel sauku-

neebSive dakavSirebuli iyo saqarTvelosTan, magaliTad _ ` kar-dinal baroniusis azriT, ax.w.aR-is 100 wels imperator tra-

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ianes mier xersonesSi gandevnili papi wm. klimentis mecadi-neobis Sedegad kolxeTsa da iberiaSi qristianoba gavrcelda.

arqanjelo lamberti kardinal baroniusis am mosazrebis Sesax-eb iqve miuTiTebs, rom ` ...kolxeTi xuTasi miliTaa daSorebulixersonesidan~, ...arqanjelo lamberti im azrs icavs, rom kolx-eTsa da iberiaSi qristianoba wm. andream da wm. barTlomeom

gaavrceles~ (i. tabaRua, saqarTvelo evropis arqivebSi, w.I.1984, gv.56).

`qalaqi kaffa mdebareobs 17 verstis daSorebiT kara-gozidan... emxroba kafis yuris dasavleT nawils... am qalaqma

yirimis aRebis Semdeg miiRo Tavisi Zveli saxeli _ `Teodo-sia~, amJamad ki isev ewodeba Tavisi winandeli saxeli kaffa~,magram adre TaTrebi eZaxdnen aseve _ quCuk _ stambuls.qalaqs uWiravs Zalze moxerxebuli da xelsayreli mdgomar-

eoba vaWrobaSi. is iyo Zalze mniSvnelovani yvela punqtsSoris, romlebic genuelebma daiWires yirimSi~ ( ,. 13, 1883, . 47);

afxazeTis sakaTalikosos Crdilo-dasavleTis sazRvariaris punqti kaffa, yirimSi, xersonesTan. saqarTvelos sapa-triarqoSi afxazeTis sakaTalikosos Camoyalibebis SemdegsazRvari kaffamde aRwevda. xersonesis gaTxrebis dros aR-moCnda qarTuli taZari, rogorc es gamoikvlia kaTalikos-patriarqma kirionma. manve gamoTqva azri, rom VIII s-Si goTe-Tis upirvelesi episkoposis iberiaSi xeldasxmis Semdeg go-TeTis eklesia qarTul eklesias daeqvemdebara (episkoposikirioni, xersonis qarTvelTa monasteri, saRvTismetyvelokrebuli, 1981 w., #12, gv. 17;) kaffa goTeTTan mdebareobda.

b. saqarTvelos sapatriarqos CrdiloeTis sazRvari

13

V saukuneSi vaxtang gorgasalis mier daarsebuli niqozissaepiskoposos samwysoSi Sediodnen Crdilo kavkasielebi(dval-osebi), da aseve dasavleT saqarTvelos nawili (glola-Rebis sanaxebi) _ ` ars niqozs eklesia... gorgasal hyo saepisko-pozod da dasua episkopozi, zis dResac, mwyemsi kavkasianTa,dualTa da aw oseTad wodebulisa, glola RebiTurT~ (qarT-lis cxovreba, t. IV, 1959 w., gv. 370); `qarTlis cxovrebis~Tanaxmad, VII saukuneSi qarTuli eklesiis sazRvari aRwevda`...Cerqezis sazRvramdis sruliad ovseTisa...~ (qarTlis cx-ovreba, I, gv. 232). `...pontos zRvidam darubandis zRvamde~(iqve, gv. 231, SeniSvna I); saukunis pirveli naxevris saqarTve-los sagareo politikis istoriisaTvis, krebuli XVI saukune-Si afxazeTis sakaTalikosos CrdiloeTis sazRvari emTxveodaruseTis saxelmwifos samxreTis sazRvars, romelic jer kidevar iyo moaxloebuli kavkasias _ `ruseTis samzRvarsa da Wa-neTs Sua~-o, _ wers `biWvinTis iadgari~. XVIII saukuneSic kiafxazeTis sakaTalikosos Tavis samwysod miaCnda `pontos~,anu Savi zRvis CrdiloeTiT mdebare miwebi _ ` ponto Crdil-oiT~ (qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, t. III. 1970 w., gv. 923);

XI saukuneSi, saqarTvelos sapatriarqos Seqmnis drosqarTul eklesiaSi rom Sedioda CeCneTi, inguSeTi, oseTi, av-aria _ mTiani daRestani, amis Sesaxeb miuTiTebs axali gamokv-levebi. (. . , - X-XIII ., macne, istoriisseria, 1988 w., #2, gv. 165-168);

Crdilo kavkasiis mkvlevari g. RambaSiZe wers: `Crdilokavkasiis qveynebSi saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqis iuris-diqcias gamoxatavs XI s-is damdegs saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqis melqisedek I-is moxsenieba `aRmosavleTis patri-arqad~ imierkavkasiis erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi qristianu-li Zeglis tyoba-ierdas (inguSeTis) taZarze... avareTSi qris-tianuli kulturisa da saqarTvelo-daRestnis kulturul-

14

istoriul urTierTobaTa gasaSuqeblad gansakuTrebiT mniS-vnelovania umTavresad xunZaxsa da mis SemogarenSiZvelqarTuli damwerlobis ZeglTa arseboba... es unikaluriZeglebi naTlad da utyuarad migviTiTeben Sua saukuneTa av-areTSi qarTuli damwerlobisa da enis gavrcelebaze, iqaureklesia-taZrebSi qarTuli RvTismsaxurebisa da qarTulgrafikul sistemaze agebul damwerlobaze... X-XIV ss-Ta av-areTSi qristianobis intensifikacia kargad Cans werilobiTimonacemebiTac _ ...1310 wlis maRalaSviliseuli saxarebis mi-nawerSi (giorgi brwyinvales dros) dadasturebulia daRestan-Si ramdenime eparqiis arseboba (xunZaxis, anwuxisa da waxurisa)da bolos aRvniSnavT, mecnieruli TvalsazrisiT uZvirfasescnobas sinas erT-erTi qarTuli monastris XV s-is saaRapewignidan _ `xunZeli kaTalikosi oqropiris~ Sesaxeb, romel-sac korneli kekeliZe mitropolitTan aigivebda da riTacdaRestanSi qarTuli marTlmadidebluri eklesiis samitro-politos arsebobaa dadasturebuli~ (g. RambaSiZe,saqarTvelosa da CrdiloeT kavkasiis xalxTa kulturul-is-toriuli urTierToba, feodaluri saqarTvelos ar-qeologiuri Zeglebi, V, 1987 w., gv. 11-13).

Crdilo kavkasiaSi saqarTvelos sapatriarqos erT-erTisamitropolitos arseboba xunZeTis sakaTalikosos saxel-wodebiT, werilobiTaa dadasturebuli.

g. aRmosavleTis sazRvari

jer kidev V saukuneSi, rogorc iTqva, mose xoreneli wer-da, qarTvelTa ganmanaTlebelma wmida ninom iqadaga `klar-jeTidan _ masquTTa qveynamdeo~.

masquTTa qveyana mdebareobda kaspiis zRvis piras, axlan-deli derbendis siaxloves, TviT mose xoreneli Tvlida, rom

15

mis dros V saukuneSi qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi Sedio-da vrceli miwebi klarjeTidan kaspiis zRvamde, rasac eT-anxmeba qarTlis cxovreba _ qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqciaSiaRmosavleTiT Sedioda _ kaxeTi, Saqi, Sirvani da midgmiT _warmovliT mTisa adgilni (qarTlis cxovreba, t. I, gv. 232);`pontos zRvidan darubandis zRvamde~.

1310 wlis werilobiT cnobaSia _ `odes sanatrelman manpatriarqman Cuenman eqvTime moixila kaxeTs anwuxisa saepisko-poso da mieriTgan gardamovida waxurs, kak-elisens da movlosaydarni: kasri samebisa, yumi RvTismSoblisa, leqarTs wm. mo-ciqulTasworisa ninosi, zars wm. mTavarmowamisa giorgisa, vard-ians wm. habosi, ganuxs arCilisi, qiS-nuxs RvTismSoblisa, bar-daSens eliasi... kvalad saydarni xunZTa, naxCTa, ToSeTisa, nekre-sisa, laguTisa, belqanisa, maj-fifineTisa, ferijan-muxax-mamre-Tisa da yovlisa vakisa, e.i. ars Zvelisa movakanisa da elisenisa,verxvianT zeganiT gamo, ivris mdinaris CasarTavamde alazansada sanatrelman eqvTime mibrZana qurmuxisa mTavar episkopossada yovlisa mTeulisa winamZRvarsa kirile donaursa...~ (k.kekeliZe, etiudebi, II, 1945 w., gv. 314).

am amonaweridan Cans, rom uSualod saqarTvelos patri-arqs eqvemdebareba albaneTis CrdiloeTiT mcxovrebi is sam-wyso, romelic win aRudga monofizitur aRmsareblobas daar SeuerTda kavkasiaSi monofizitur centrs - somxur ekle-sias. am mxares hereTi ewodeboda, moicavda teritorias,romelsac Semdgom Saqi ewoda, mdebareobda mtkvar-alaznisSesarTavidan vidre mtkvar-araqsis SesarTavamde, mtkvrismarcxena sanapiros momcveli qveyana. aq mTavari sasulierocentri saqarTvelos sapatriarqoSi Semavali giSis saepisko-poso iyo. rac Seexeba albaneTs, mas kavkasiaSi gansaxilveldros, VII s.-Si, Semosuli arabebi `arans~ uwodebdnen. qarTu-li wyaroebiT rani (arani) mtkvris marjvena sanapiros qveyanaiyo.

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aRsaniSnavia, rom hereTis qristianebi qarTulenovanniiyvnen. maTi dedaena iyo qarTuli ena. isini V saukuneSi mcxe-Tis eklesias eqvemdebarebodnen. es `SuSanikis wamebidanac~Cans. Semdgom, politikuri mizezis gamo, hereTis qristianebiierarqiulad daeqvemdebarnen albaneTis sakaTalikosos. VIsaukunidan rogorc albaneTis, ise qarTlis sakaTalikosoebisomxuri eklesiis mZlavr zegavlenas ganicdidnen sparsTa sax-elmwifos nebiT. amis gamo, albaneTis sakaTalikosoSi, saek-lesio enad dainerga ara mSobliuri qarTuli da albanurienebi, aramed eklesiebSi wirva-locvisaTvis gamoiyenebodasomxuri ena. amis mizezi sparsTa zemoqmedebis garda, albane-Tis xalxTa mravalerovneba iyo. albaneTSi gavrcelebuli iyorogorc sparsuli, aseve Turquli da kavkasiuri enebi, am qvey-nis Crdilo-dasavleTiT ki hereTis mosaxleobis dedaena iyoqarTuli ena.

VII saukunis bolos, movses kalankatuacis Tanaxmad, al-baneTis eklesiam sabolood dakarga avtokefalia da isSeuerTda somxur eklesias (movses kalankatuaci, alvanTa qvey-nis istoria, 1985 w., gv. 140); amis gamo imJamad albaneTis naw-ilad gadaqceul hereTSic somxuri eklesiis mecadineobiTgavrcelda monofizitoba. es mwvalebloba hereTSi aRmoufx-vria dinara dedofals X saukuneSi. amis Semdeg hereTi daaRmosavleTis mxareebi kvlav Tavis deda qarTul eklesiasdaubrunda. XI saukuneSi sapatriarqos Seqmnis Semdeg, hereT-sa da mis aRmosavleTiT mdebare qveynebze iurisdiqciassaqarTvelos patriarqi axorcielebda, rogorc zemoT moy-vanili amonawerebidanac Cans.

d. sazRvari samxreTiT

imperator konstantine porfirogenetis Tanaxmad,saqarTvelos samxreTis sazRvari mdinare arezamde (araqsam-

17

de) Cadioda, is wers, _ mdinare araqsis ` ...marcxena mxare iberi-isaken mimarTuli epyraT iberebs, xolo marjvena, rac Teo-dosiopolisaken aris, rogorc cixeebi, ise soflebi iyves CvenimbrZaneblobis qveS. sazRvrad mdinare iqneba~ (georgika, t. IV,nakveTi II, gv. 271); iberiaSi Semavali `mesxeTis Zireul nawilsSeadgenda seqtorebi mezobeli araqsisa da dasavleT evfratisxeobebisa~ (p. ingoroyva, giorgi merCule, gv. 297);

araqsisa da evfratis saTaveebi X saukuneSi ara mxoldkonstantine porfirogenetis dros iyo qarTvelebiT dasax-lebuli, aramed saerTod araqs-evfratis saTaveebis miwa-wya-li iseve, rogorc trapezuntis olqis mTianeTi -pariedredanvanis tbis mimarTulebiT, strabinis cnobiT, iberebis isto-riul miwa-wyals warmoadgenda Zv.w. II saukunebde, am miwa-wy-lis armeniis saxelmwifoSi Sesvlamde.

straboni wers _ `mogviTxroben, rom warsulSi armeniispatara qveyana gafarTovda artaqsiasa da zariadrias omebisSedegad. isini iyvnen antioq didis mxedarTmTavrebi, misi dam-arcxebis Semdeg ki mefeebi gaxdnen. maT erTad gaafarTovesTavianTi samflobelo, CamoaWres ra irgvliv mcxovreb xalx-ebs olqebi, kerZod. . . iberebisagan miitaces pariadresmTiswineTi, xorZene da gogarene, romelic kiris meore mxare-saa, xalibebs da mosinikebs CamoaWres kareniti da qserqsene,mcire armeniis mosazRvre nawilebi~ (straboni, geografia, XI,14, 5).

am CamorTmeul (ukve armeniaSi Semaval miwebze) qarTule-bi (iberebi) uwyvetad cxovrobdnen osmalebis saxelmwifosSeqmnamde da mis Semdgom saukuneTa manZilze, isini taoSi am-Jamadac ki cxovroben.

es mxareebi strabonamdec qarTveli xalxis samSoblo iyo,amitomac jer kidev qristeSobamde aTasi wliT adre aq, ammxareebSi warmoiqmna qarTveli xalxis pirveli saxelmwifoe-bi _ diaoxi da kolxa. diaoxisa da kolxasagan momdinareoben

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am mxareebSi gavrcelebuli toponimebi _ `tao~ da `kola~.moses xorenacis Tanaxmad, qristemde, am mxareebSi Semosvlisdros (VI-V saukuneebSi), armenielebs aq adgilobrivi mosax-leoba daxvedria, romelTa asimilaciac maSinve dawyebula.xorenelis Tanaxmad, armenielTa erT mefes aukrZalavs adgi-lobrivi mosaxleobisaTvis mSobliur enaze laparaki da nebadaurTavs armenielTa enaze laparakisa. _ `amasTanave arammaubrZana iqaur mkvidrT, SeeTvisebinaT somxuri ena da laparaki~(movses xorenaci, somxeTis istoria, 1984 w., gv. 77); xorenelimravalgzis aRniSnavs _ `sakvirvelia mematianis naTqvami, romCvens qveyanaSi mraval adgilas gafantulad mkvidrobda mcire-ricxovani xalxi, Cveni Zireuli winapris, haikismosvlamde~(iqve, gv. 73). anda `matianeSi aqac aRniSnulia, romvelis samxreT nawilSi, erT wagrZelebul mTasTan adridanvecxovrobdnen mcireodeni kacni, romlebic nebiT damorCild-nen gmirs~ (iqve, gv. 70); anda `...ar SemiZlia vTqva dabejiTebiT,STamomavalia igi haikisa Tu haikis (mosvlamde) am qveyanaSi mcx-ovrebi xalxisa, romelTa arsebobaze miuTiTeben Zveli Tqmule-bebi~ (movses xorenaci, somxeTis istoria, 1984 w., gv. 108);xorenelis mTargmneli da komentatori al. abdalaZe amisSesaxeb wers _ `xorenacis am da msgavs cnobebSi asaxulia is-toriuli sinamdvile imis Sesaxeb, rom e.w. `didi somxeTis~miwa-wyalze somexTa mosvlamde mkvidrobdnen sxva xalxebi,maT Soris qarTuli modgmis tomebic~ (iqve, gv. 249);

qarTvelTa asimilacia armenielTa mier `didi somxeTis~miwa-wyalze warmatebuli iyo somxeTis aRmosavleT nawilSi,magram dasavleT somxeTSi arezisa da evfratis siaxloves mcx-ovrebma qarTvelebma didxans SeinarCunes TavianTi ena, Cans,imis gamo, rom qristemde IV-III saukuneebSi Seqmnili iberiissaxelmwifo am mimarTulebiT sazRvrebs ifarToebda xolme,gansakuTrebiT I-II saukuneebSi.

Semdgom saukuneebSi somxeTis gaZlierebam daaCqara somx-

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eTSi mcxovrebi qarTvelebis nawilobrivi asimilacia. saqarTve-los sapatriarqos warmoqmnis dros e.w. ` didi somxeTis~ ter-itoriaze cxovrobda uamravi qarTveli adgilobrivi mcxovre-bi, maTTvis daarsebuli iqna saepiskoposoebi, romelTasazRvrebi aRwevda raxsisa da evfratis xeobebamde. ` XIII sauku-neSi monRolTa batonobis drosac ki mesxeTis mTavris kuTv-nili qveyana iwyeboda taSiskaridan da grZeldeboda, ` aRmarT,vidre karnu qalaqamde~. XIV saukuneSic taSiskaridan vidrebasianamde ` mesxTa qveSe dawesebuli qveyana iyo~... XVII sauku-nis antioqieli patriarqi makari adasturebs, rom adresaqarTvelos samxreTi sazRvari iyo mdinare evfrati da ev-fratis aqeTa teritoriebi sul saqarTvelod iTvleboda.saqarTvelos sazRvari rom evfratamde Cadioda, amas amow-mebs Celebic. mdinare arezis aqeTa mxaresa da arzrumis mi-damoebs didxans SemorCa qarTuli mosaxleoba. XVII saukuneSiarzrumis midamoebSi gamovlilma arqanjelo lambertim ram-denime qarTuli sofeli naxa, romelTac arzrumelad wode-buli qarTveli mwyemsmTavari ejdaT arzrumSi~ (S. lomsaZe,samcxe-javaxeTi, gv. 256).

amis gamo iyo, rom saqarTvelos sapatriarqoSi Sedioda _anisis, yarsis, valaSkertisa da sxva saepiskoposoebi.

es mxareebi daviT kurapalatis dros iveriis anu ` qarTvel-Ta ~ samefos SemadgenlobaSi moeqca, bizantiis imperiamac aq(Teodosiopol-arzrumidan anisamde) Tavisi administraciu-li erTeuli Camoayaliba ` iberiis Temis~ saxelwodebiT. rad-gan am mxareebs Sua saukuneebSi somxeTi ewodeboda, aq saqarTve-los sapatriarqos mrevlis sulier meTaurs `somxeTis mit-ropoliti~ erqva.

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urTierTdamokidebuleba sakaTalikosoTa Soris

saqarTvelos sapatriarqoSi, wyaroTa Tanaxmad, Sedioda:1. qarTlis sakaTalikoso; 2. afxazeTis sakaTalikoso; 3. somx-eTis samitropolito; 4. Crdilo kavkasiis qristianebi. (ucx-oelebi, xSirad, maT meTaurebs ara kaTalikosebs, aramed ar-qiepisoposebs, sruliad saqarTvelos patriarqs ki `kaTali-koss~ uwodebdnen, amasTanave afxazeTis sakaTalikosos- ` qvemoiberiis~ saarqiepiskoposos, qarTlisas ki ` zemo iberiis~ saar-qiepiskoposos uwodebdnen).

yovel sakaTalikosoSi Sedioda saepiskoposoebi. dasav-leT saqarTvelos saepiskoposoebi uSualod eqvemdebarebo-da afxazeTis kaTalikoss, aRmosavleT saqarTvelos saepisko-posoebi ki _ qarTlis kaTalikoss. qarTlis kaTalikossa daafxazeTis kaTalikoss Soris ufros-umcrosobiTi damokide-buleba arsebobda.

saqarTvelos sapatriarqos meTaurad _ patriarqad,rogorc wesi, qarTlis kaTalikoss svamdnen, anu qarTlis kaTa-likosi imave dros saqarTvelos patriarqi iyo, magram arse-bobda gamonaklisic, rodesac afxazeTis kaTalikosebi,rogorc ucxouri, ise qarTuli wyaroebiT sruliad saqarTve-los patriarqebad moixsenebian. am sakiTxs qvemoT vexebiT.

saqarTvelos sapatriarqos meTaurs oficialurad ewode-boda _ `yovlisa saqarTveloYsa patriarqi da qarTlisa kaTa-likosi~ (iv. javaxiSvili, qarTveli eris istoria, t. IV, gv.51). qarTlis kaTalikosi rom imave dros saqarTvelos patri-arqi iyo, sityva `patriarqi~ _ Sua saukuneTa saqarTveloSiiTargmneboda da ixmareboda misi qarTuli Targmani ` mamamTa-vari~. 1103 wlis dokumentSi patriarqs ase moixsenieben _ ` io-vane wmidisa kaTalikosisa da yovlisa saqarTveloYsa yovladRirsisa mamaT-mTavrisa mravalni arian welni~ (didi sjulis

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kanoni, 1975w., gv. 553), XIII saukunis dokumentSia _ `...wmidisamamaTmTavarsa Cuensa arsenis qristes mier qarTlisa kaTa-likozsa~... (qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, t. III, 1970 w., gv.161),

1610 wlis _ ` yovlisa saqarTveloYsa mamaTmTavarTmTavar-man kaTalikozman patronman zebedem~ (iqve, gv. 388); ` yovlisaaRmosavlisa da CrdiloYsa didman mamamTavarman, kaTalikozmanpatronman zebedem~ (iqve, gv. 390); 1616 wlis _ `yovlisasaqarTvelosa didman mamaTmTavarTmTavarman, qarTlisa kaTa-likozman patronman iovanem~ (iqve, gv. 342);

aq yuradReba unda mieqces, rom qarTuli eklesiis me-Taurs ewodeba saqarTvelos mamamTavari, anu patriarqi daqarTlis kaTalikosi. saqarTvelo da qarTli XI saukunis Sem-deg erTi da igive cnebebi ar aris, saqarTvelo ` nikofsiidandarubandamde~, moqceul qveyanas, xolo qarTli, _ lixis mTisaRmosavleTiT mdebare provinciebs erqva, amitomac rocaqarTuli eklesiis meTaurs uwodeben saqarTvelos patriarqsada qarTlis kaTalikoss, Cven iseve unda gavigoT, rogorcweren _ is mTeli, sruliadi, `yoveli~ saqarTvelos patri-arqi iyo da amave dros kaTalikosi qarTlisa (Tumca XI sauku-nemde `qarTli~ sruliad saqarTvelos ewodeboda).

zemoT moyvanili amonawerebidan aSkarad Cans, rom sruliadsaqarTvelos patriarqi imave dros aris qarTlis kaTalikosi,anu saqarTvelos mamamTavari aerTianebs or taxts _ qarTliskaTalikosisas da saqarTvelos patriarqisas. is ori taxtismpyrobelia. afxazeTis kaTalikossa da qarTlis kaTalikossSoris damokidebuleba Tu rogori saxis iyo, garkveulia mec-nierTa mier _ ` mcxeTis patriarqi, afxazeTis kaTalikosisaTvisgaxda ` mama~, TviT afxazeTis kaTalikosi ` umrwmesi~ (umcrosi)kaTalikosi~ (b. lominaZe _ saqarTvelos sapatriarqo da misiavtokefalia. saRvTismetyvelo krebuli, 1981 w., #12, gv. 97);

xSirad dasavleT saqarTvelos kaTalikosebi TavianT Tavs

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`qvemo iveriis~, anu afxazeTis kaTalikoss uwodebdnen (qarTu-li samarTlis Zeglebi, t. III, 1970, gv. 923); xolo aRmosavleTsaqarTvelosi _ ` zemo iveriis~ anu ` zemo saqarTvelos~ kaTa-likosebs. (iqve, gv. 901); `sruliad iveriad~ anu `sruliadsaqarTvelod~ orive sakaTalikosos teritoria moixseniebo-da.

saqarTvelos erTiani saxelmwifos daSlis Semdeg XV-XVIsaukuneebidan, afxazeTis sakaTalikoso ar gamoyofia ` qarTuleklesias~, rogorc wers aTeisturi epoqis zogierTi mecnieri,piriqiT, rogorc dokumentebi aCvenebs afxazeTis kaTaliko-sebma sruliad saqarTvelos eklesiis meTaurebad-pirvelier-arqad warmoadgines TavanTi Tavi.

qarTuli eklesiis mTlianobas adasturebs is faqtebi, romsaqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi erTianobis darRvevis Semde-gac afxazeTis kaTalikosebi eklesiis urRveobis SenarCuneb-is mizniT TavianT Tavs sruliad saqarTvelos patriarqsa damakurTxevels uwodebdnen. magaliTad, XVIII s-is afxazeTis kaTa-likosi grigoli Tavis mier gamocemuli dokumentebs xelsawers ase _ ` grigol mwyemsi qristes mier yovlisa saqarTveloisakaTalikosi~ (`qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi~, III, gv. 675);

aseve zogierTi sxva afxazeTis kaTalikosic Tavis TavssaqarTvelos patriarqs uwodebda XVII s-is bolosa da XVIII s-is dasawyisSi, anu is ara mxolod afxazeTis aramed sruliadsaqarTvelos makurTxevelad Tvlida Tavis Tavs.

es faqti asaxulia ucxour wyaroebSic.ucxouri wyaroebis Tanaxmad am epoqaSi afxazeTis kaTa-

likosi sruliad saqarTvelos (iberiis) uxuces (upirates)pirveliararqad iTvleboda, magaliTad antioqia-ierusalimispatriarqi dosiTeosi (XVII s.) amis Sesaxeb werda _ `iberiaSiori arqiepiskoposia, romelTac qarTvelebi uwodeben kaTali-kosebs. qvemo iberia, romelsac Zvelad kolxeTs uwodebdnen, aqvseparqiebi imereTSi, guriaSi, samegreloSi, afxazeTSi, svaneTsa da

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mesxeTis nawilSi. zemo da qvemo iberias Soris sazRvari aris qedi,romelic kavkasiis mTebSi iwyeba, qarTulad qulfargi ewodeba,qvemo iberiis kaTalikosi pativiT ufro metia zemo iberiis kaTa-likosze ... mefe, e.i. imereTis Tavi, maTTan iwodeba mTeli iberi-is mefeTa-mefed~ (dosiTeosi, ierusalimeli patriarqebi, TaviV, gv. 510, wignidan: , ` ~ , , 1966 . 51).

meore ierusalimeli patriarqi xrisanfi ambobs: `...saqar-TveloSi, romelsac adre iberia erqva, iyo ori arqiepiskoposi,romelTac Cveulebis Tanaxmad uwodeben kaTalikosebs da ara ar-qiepiskoposebs. ase maT marto qarTvelebi uwodeben. amaTganerTi, e.i. arqiepiskoposi qvemo iberiisa, iwodeba imereTis, ose-Tis, guriis da sruliad qvemo iberiis unetares kaTalikosad,anu martivad, sruliad iberiis unetares kaTalikosad, rogorcufrosi zemo iberiis kaTalikosze. xolo meore, e.i. zemo iberi-isa, iwodeba qarTlis, kaxeTis, albaniis da sruliad zemo iberi-is unetares kaTalikosad... romeli imperatoris dros, an romelkrebaze gaxda is saarqiepiskoposo, Cven zustad ver davadgineT,magram 26 ivnisis svinaqsarSi vpoulobT, rom ioane, goTeTisepiskoposi, xeldasxmuli iqna iberiis kaTalikosis mier, radga-nac romaul qveynebSi batonobda xatmebrZolTa eresi, ase rom,rogorc Cans, erekles Semdeg isavramde qvemo iberia saar-qiepiskoposo gaxda...~ (wignidan: ,` ~ , , 1966. 49).

antioqel-ierusalimeli patriarqebi erTiani saxelmwifosdanawevrebis Semdeg ewvivnen saqarTvelos, imyofebodnen afx-azeTis sakaTalikosoSi XVII s-Si, TavianTi TvaliT naxes, Seaf-ases da wignebis saxiT gamoaqveynes saqarTvelos eklesiis yofaTavianT epoqaSi.

maTi aRweridan naTlad Cans, rom, rogorc ukve aRvniS-

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neT, saqarTvelos daSlis Semdeg afxazeTis sakaTalikoso kiar gamoeyo qarTul eklesias, rogorc bolo dros wers zo-gierTi istorikosi, aramed piriqiT, afxazeTis kaTalikosi`sruliad iberiis unetares kaTalikosad~ iwoda, anu sruliadsaqarTvelos eklesiis meTaurad warmoadgina sakuTari Tavi.es faqti afxazeTis sakaTalikosos sabuTebiTac dasturdeba.faqti, rom saqarTvelos daSla-danawevrebisas afxazeTis kaTa-likosebi TavianT Tavs sruliad saqarTvelos patriarqebadmiiCnevdnen, am epoqis saqarTvelos eklesiis mTlianobis ut-yari niSania.

ismis kiTxva, ratom miiCnies afxazeTis kaTalikosebma Tavi-si Tavi sruliad saqarTvelos patriarqad aRniSnul epoqaSo?am kiTxis pasuxisaTvis masalas gvaZleven TviT ucxoeli pa-triarqebi TavianT aRwerebSi. antioqiel-ierusalimeli patri-arqebis epoqaSi, aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mahmadianuri sparse-Tis saxelmwifo daepatrona da samwyso qarTl-kaxeTis mahma-diani mefe-xanebis xelqveiTad iqca, ramac qarTlis sakaTali-koso daaknina (wm. evdemon kaTalikoso cixis maRali koSkidangadmoagdes da mokles, mravali sxva kaTalikosi daapatimresanda qveyana daatovebines), aseT kritikul dros sruliadiberiis mrevli maT WeSmarit mefed qristian imereTis mefesmiiCnevda. patriarqi xrisanfi wers- `mefe, e.i. imereTis Tavi,maTTan iwodeba mTeli iberiis mefeTa-mefed~, Sesabamisad, ms-gavsadve, dosiTeosis sityviT -`arqiepiskoposi qvemo iberi-isa, iwodeba. . .sruliad iberiis unetares kaTalikosad, rogorcufrosi zemo iberiis kaTalikosze~.

rogorc iTqva, ucxoeli patriarqebi afxazeTis sakaTali-kosos ` qvemo iberiis saarqiepiskoposos~, mis meTaurs ki ` sruli-ad iberiis kaTalikoss~ uwodebdmen.

afxazeTis anu qvemo iberiis kaTalilosma saqarTvelos(sruliad iberiis) eklesiis meTauroba im dros miiRo, rode-

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sac qarTl-kaxeTs mahmadiani mefe-xanebi marTavdnen TiTqmis150 wlis manZilze.

RvTis SewevniT XVIII s. 50-ian wlebSi qarTl kaxeTis taxtzekvlav qristiani mefeebi avidnen, am momentma kvlav gaaZlieraqarTlis sakaTalikoso, man kvlav daibruna Zveli avtotite-ti da Zveleburad kvlav iwoda saqarTvelos kaTalikosad.

es faqti saeklesio samarTlis sferomac asaxa, magaliTadanton kaTalikosis dikasteriis (saeklesio sasamarTlos) sa-marTalis sferoSi aRmosavleTTan erTad dasavleT saqarTve-loc Sedioda (mitropoliti anania jafariZe, saqarTvelossaeklesio krebebi, 2003, t. III. gv. 7-9).

samarTlebrivad da admisistraciulad XVIII s-is bolosafxazeTis kaTalikosTa taxtze mjdomi wm. dosiTeos quTaTe-lis dros saqarTvelos eklesia erTiani iyo iseve, rogorcyovelTvis IV s-dan.

XIX s-Si mTeli es sistema moiSala ,radganac saqarTvelos ek-lesiis avtokefalia gaauqma ruseTis saimperatoro xelisufle-bam.

wmida nino lazikis ganmanaTlebeli(lazikis eparqia, pitiunti)

biWvinTa, VIII saukunidan vidre XVII saukunemde, TiTqmisaTasi wlis manZilze ` qvemo iberiis~ anu afxazeTis saakaTaki-kosos sasuliero centrs warmoadgenda, aq edgaT taxti das-vleT saqarTvelos momcvel afxazeTis sakaTalikosos meTau-rebs, aqedan marTavdnen eparqiebsa da mrevls.

afxazeTis sakaTalikoso mudam qarTulenovani iyo, maTimeTaurebi iyvnen qarTveli didebulebi bagrationebis, aba-SiZeebis, CxetiZeebis, gurielebis, qvarianebis, aTabagebis, wu-

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lukiZeebis, lorTqifaniZeebis, sayvareliZeebis, erisTavebisda sxva qarTuli sagvareulos warmomadgenlebi. iyvnen qarTve-li mamuliSvilebi da amayobdnen imiT, rom, rogorc TviTonweren _ `Cven qarTvelni RvTismSoblis wilxdomilni varT~(magaliTad, afxazeTis kaTalikos grigol lorTqifaniZis bi-Wvintisadmi Sewirulobis wignSi naTqvamia- ` pirvelwodebul-sa andreas moeca CrdiloeTisa qveyana moqcevad CvenebiTa wmid-isa RvTismSobelisaTaa, rameTu Cven qarTvelni misni wilxdom-ilni varT, (da wina) kaTalikozTa biWvintisa RvTismSobelisa-Ta msaxureba saydrisa didad eRvawaT~ (qarTuli samarTlisZeglebi, III, gv. 727). isini amave sabuTebSi pirvelsaukuneTa IV-V saukuneTa qarTul saxarebebs wmida wignebad miiCnevdnen,da werdnen _ `Cveni saxarebani wmidad Targmnilia~, erTerTsabuTSi ki maT mier gaRebul sxva mdidar SenawirebTan erTadnaxsenebia ` moxatuli qarTlis cxovreba~. arsebobs sxva uam-devi aTaswlovani damadasturebeli sabuTi mrevlisa da ier-arqebis qarTvelobisa, qarTuli eklesiis wevrobisa (mTavar-episkoposi anania jafariZe, afxazeTi, 2001, gv. 52-55).

biWvinTasTan dakavSirebiT unda iTqvas, rom arcerTqarTul wyaroSi araa odnavi miTiTebac ki, rom odesme bi-WvinTa berZnuli an bizantiuri eklesiis mier iyo daarsebu-li, piriqiT, biWvinTis warsuli qarTul eklesiasTanaa dakav-Sirebuli. wyaroTa mixedviT biWvinTa _ qarTuli eklesiisnayofia. Sexeduleba biWvinTis warsulTan dakavSirebiT Se-icvala, ZiriTadad, XX saukuneSi da amJamad miRebuli Sexed-ulebiT biWvinTa aris berZnul-romauli wyaroebis pitiuntianu, igive, piTia.

miiCneva rom biWvinTeli episkoposi monawileobda I msof-lio krebaSi 325 wels. magram sxva azrisa iyo cnobili mec-nieri n. adonci, aseve p. ingoroyva da sxvani, maTi azriTpitiunti mdebareobda ara afxazeTSi, aramed istoriulisaqarTvelos sxva regionSi, romelic moicavs of-aTina-rizesolqs da lazika erqva.

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n. adonci Tavisi azris erTerT sabuTad miiCnevs imas, romromaul wyaroTa cnobiT pitiuntsa da sebastopolisSi Tavisimudmivi sajariso nawili hyavda dabanakebuli `armeniis du-qss~, romelic iyo ponto-mcire armeniis romauli samxedroolqis mxedarTmTavari.

adoncis sityviT, armeniis duqsis gavlenis sferoSi arSedioda dasavleT saqarTvelo da miT umetes misi Soreulimxare cxum-biWvinTas olqi, aq mas ar SeeZlo Tavisi sajarisodanayofis dabanakeba (mitropoliti anania jafariZe, saepisko-posoebi lazikaSi, 2011, gv. 212).

p. ingoroyva pitiunts of-rizes regionSi aTavsebs,amasTanave uTiTebes Zvel avtorebsa da Zvel rukebs, sadacpitiunti trapezuntsa da Woroxs Soris zRvispirzea moT-avsebuli, saqarTvelos eklesiis iurisdiqciis samxreT sazR-varTan. amave azrs sxva wyaroebiT adastureben axali mkvle-varebi (g. andriaZe, ucnobi istoriuli saqarTvelo, qristian-uli lazeTi, 2012).

qarTuli da somxuri eklesiebis iurisdiqciis sazRvrebisSesaxeb garkveul cnobebs iZleva wmida grigol somexTa gan-manaTleblis arabuli Targmani, romelic VII-IX saukuneebsmiekuTvneba.

miRebuli TvalsazrisiT aRniSnul arabul xelnawerSiikiTxeba TiTqos wmida grigolma Tavisi episkoposebi gaagzav-na lazeTSi, magram jer kidev 1908 wels miuTiTa cnobilmamecnierma n. adoncim, rom man (wm. grigolma) Tavisi episko-posi gaagzavna ara lazeTSi, aramed `arzanenaSi~, is wm. grig-olis cxovrebas arabul xelnawerebSi kiTxulobs ara sityva`lazeTs~, aramed ` arzanenas~ ase, rom lazeTi, da miT umetesafxazeTi, ar iyo wmida grigolis samoRvaweo areali (mitro-politi anania jafariZe, saepiskoposoebi lazikaSi, 2011, gv,432).

piriqiT, lazeTi iyo wmida ninos samoRvaweo areali ge-

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lasi kesarielisa da gelasi kvizikelis Tanaxmad. xololazikis mitropolit germanes cnobiT iverTa ganmanaTle-blis mir yofila daarsebuli ofis saepiskoposo kaTedra (g.andriaZe, ucnobi istoriuli saqarTvelo, qristianuli laze-Ti, 2012, gv, 83-93). aqve, rogorc iTqva, miuTiTeben piti-unts kaTedris mdebareobasac. SesaZloa ofisa da pitiuntiskaTedrebi erTi da igive iyo. da aq, anu lazeTSi, iRvawa wm.ninom iberiaSi gamgzavrebamde, albaT 310-320-ian wlebSi.

gelasi kesarieli da gelasi kvizikeli weren rom wmidaninom moaqcia ` iberebi da lazebi~. es uZvelesi IV-V ss. cnobe-bi miuTiTeben, rom lazeTi _ wmida ninos samoRvaweo arealiiyo da ara wmida grigolisa, marTlac, xorenacis cnobiTwmida ninom iqadaga `klarjeTidan masquTebamde~, e.i. klar-jeT-lazeTi wmida ninos samoRvaweo areali iyo.

wmida ninos dros, vaxuSti batoniSvilis TqmiT, klarjeT-Si Sedioda ara mxolod erTi mcire xeoba artanujis olqSi,aramed vrceli areali, masSi taosa da sperTan erTad Sedio-da zRvispireTi, romelsac qarTul wyaroebSi ` sofeli megrel-Ta~ anu lazika ewodeba, ase, rom xorenacis cnobiTac, wmidaninos samoRvaweo areali yofila lazika.

daarsa Tu ara wmida ninom Tavis mier moqceul lazikaSisaepiskoposo kaTedra? swored am kiTxvas upasuxa lazikis mit-ropolitma germanem ruseTis mefis karze XVI s-Si. am drosruseTSi Cavida lazikis mitropoliti germane, romelmac ga-nacxada, rom rize-ofis regioni imTaviTve iyo qarTuli ek-lesiis iurisdiqciis sfero, radganac es mxareebi iveriasTanerTad gananaTla iveriis ganmanaTlebelma da man lazeTSi, ofSidaarsa pirveli saepiskoposo kaTedra.

Cans, ofis saepiskoposo centri, sadac, imxanad lazikismitropolits hqonda kaTedra, wmida ninos daarsebuli iyo.

Zvel dros aq iyo cnobili fasidis samitropolito cen-tri, romelsac Semdgom VI-VII ss-Si daeqvemdebarnen ziganas,

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rodopolisis, saisinisa da petras saepiskoposoebi.lazika-klarjeTis am regions rTuli istoria hqonda. IV

s-Si is Sedioda qarTlis samefoSi, V s-Si miitaca bizantiam, Vs-Sive daibruna vaxtang gorgasalma, VI s-Si is isev miitacabizantiam Woroxis xeobasTan erTad, ris gamoc gaCaRda spar-seT- bizantiis omebi lazikisaTvis, am omSi gaimarjva bizan-tiam, rac dagvirgvinda VII s-Si herakle keisris sparseTSi gam-arjvebiT. VIII s. Semdeg es mxareebi sadavo gaxda arabebsa dabizantielebs Soris. ramac xangrZlivi arastabilurobis gamogamoiwvia rodopolisis, ziganas, saisinisa da petras saepisko-poso kaTedrebis damcroba-gauqmeba. maleve am miwa-wyalzeSeiqmna bizantiuri administraciuli erTeuli ~armeniakonis~saxelwodebiT. konstantine porfirogenetis cnobiT am Temsarmeniakoni ewoda imis gamo, rom mis maxloblad cxovrobd-nen armenielebi. am Tems maleve daubrunda Tavisi namdvilisaxeli da ewoda ` qaldias Temi~. is mdebareobda trapezuntissamxreTis mTianeTSi da moicavda agreTve zemoT aRniSnulzRvispira regionsac of-aTinas mimarTulebiT. eklesiuradaq mdebare olqs erqva ` eparqia lazikaSi~, n.adoncisa da aseveCveni kvleviT aq mdebareobdnen zemoT aRniSnuli saepisko-posoebi. kerZod, zigana mdebareobda trapezuntis samxreTiT70 km manZilze, sadac amJamad aris punqti gumuSxane. iqve mde-bareobda rodopolisis saepiskoposo kaTedra, kerZod re-gionSi, sadac amJamad aris cnobili sumelas monasteri. adon-cis cnobiT petras saepiskoposo kaTedra mdebareobda Teo-dosopol-arzumsa da baiburT-paiperts Soris. xolo saisinissaepiskoposo kaTedra ardasasa da Zvel qalaq nikopols Soris.

adoncis, ingoroyvas da aseve sxva mecnierebs miaCniaT,rom pitiuntis saepiskoposo kaTedra IV saukuneSi mdebareob-da of-rizes regionSi. es regioni rogorc zemoT aRvniSneTgaaqristiana wmida ninom. Sesabamisad, pitiuntis kaTedra misidaarsebulia. xorenacis cnobiT wmida ninom jer iqadaga klar-jeTSi da Semdgom Sida iberiaSi. aseve gelasi kesarielis

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cnobaSi wm. nino ixsenieba lazebis ganmanaTleblad. rogorciTqva, mcxeTaSi mosvlamde wm. ninos gaunaTlebia lazika VI s10-20-ian wlebSi, am dros dauarsebia pitiuntis saepiskoposokaTedra, romlis episkoposma stratofilem monawileoba mi-iRo 325 wlis I msoflio eklesiis muSaobaSi.

rogorc iTqva, Zveli qarTveli mTargmnelebi, rogorc mTaw-midelebi, ise sxvebi, sityva `lazikas~ miiCnevdnen ucxo sityvad.isini `lazikis~ fard qarTul Sesatyvisad miiCnevdnen sityvas:`sofeli megrelTa~, magaliTad, andrias ` mimosvlis~ Targmanis drosmaT sityva lazika Targmnes, rogorc ` trapezunti-sofeli megrel-Ta~, da asea kidec Sesuli `qarTlis cxovrebis~ danarTSi (andrias`mimosvlis~ aRwerisas).

aRsaniSnavia, rom igive Sesatyvisi `sofeli megrelTa~ Se-sulia 691 wlis trulis saeklesio krebis episkoposTa xelismoweraSic. dedanSia- `Teodore, episkoposi fasidisa, lazikaSi~.rac qarTvelma mTargmnelma ase gadmoiRo - `Teodore, episkoposifasoAsa, sofelsa Sina megrelTasa~. aseve dedanSi ewera `ioane,episkoposi qalaq petronisa, lazikaSi~, qarTvelma mTargmnelmagadmoiRo `ioane, episkoposi qalaqisa petronisa, qveyanasa SinamegrelTasa~.

cnobili istorikosis Tedo Jordania fiqrobda, rom fasidi(qarTulad fasoi) foTs erqva, amitomac Tavis mier gamocemultrulis krebis ksnonebs daurTo sakuTari komentari `fasoi-foTsa ityvis~, sinamdvileSi ki qalaqi fasidi ufro samxreTiTWoroxsa da trapezunts Soris mdebareobda.

maSasadame, unda davaskvnaT, rom krebas eswrebodnen Worox-trapezuntis regionis qalaqebis qarTveli episkoposebi, magram,radganac es regioni, imJamad, Sedioda bizantiis imperiis Semadgen-lobaSi, aRniSnuli episkoposebi kanonikurad konstantinopoliseklesiis iurisdiqcias miekuTvnebodnen.

aRniSnuli lazikis saepiskoposoebi mdebareobdnenqarTvelTa istoriul samSobloSi, kerZod, trapezuntis re-

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gionis qaldeas TemSi. maSasadame araa marTebuli amJamad mRe-buli Tvalsazrisi, TiTqos ` afxazeTis sakaTalikosom Secvalakonstantinopolis sapatriarqos daqvemdebarebuli lazikissamitropolito da abazgiis saarqiepiskoposo eparqiebi~.rogorc iTqva afxazeTis sakaTalikoso qarTuli eklesiis wiaR-Si Rmocenda, xolo abazgiis eparqia SeecdomiT amasiis epar-qias uwoda gviani epoqis (XVII-XVIII ss.) xelnaweris gadamwerma.

18.09.2012

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sarCevi

saqarTvelos wmida samociqulo da marTlmadidebeli eklesiisiurisdiqciis sazRvrebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1a. saqarTvelos sapatriarqos Crdilo-dasavleTi sazRvari . . . 9b. saqarTvelos sapatriarqos CrdiloeTis sazRvari . . . . . . . . . . 11g. aRmosavleTis sazRvari . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12d. sazRvari samxreTiT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14urTierTdamokidebuleba sakaTalikosoTa Soris . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17wmida nino lazikis ganmanaTlebeli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22