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mitropoliti anania jafariZe

saqarTvelos wmida samociqulo

da marTlmadidebeli eklesiis

iurisdiqciis sazRvrebi

Tbilisi 2012

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saqarTvelos wmida samociqulo damarTlmadidebeli eklesiis iurisdiqciis sazRvrebi

`saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel eklesias~ uZvelesi

droidan `saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiac~ ewodeboda,

vinaidan igi qristes mociqulebma daafuZnes.

wm. mociqulTa epoqaSi, I saukunis 30-iani wlebidan II sauku-

nis 60-iani wlebis CaTvliT, iberia Zlieri saxelmwifo iyo,

romelic kavkasiis mniSvnelovan nawils moicavda. romaeli is-

torikosebi – tacitusi, dion kasiusi da sxvebi aRweren iberiis

cxovrebas (tacitusis cnobiT I s. 30-iani wlebidan iberia me-

gobrobda romTan da Tavisi Zlieri jariT ebrZoda parTiis

saxelmwifos, raTa armenia maTgan gaeTavisuflebina. parTielT-

agan gaTavisuflebis Semdeg armeniaSi gamefda iberTa mefis

miTridates Ze, SemdegSic iberiis samefo saxlis wevrebi mar-

Tavdnen armenias, maT Soris tacitusi gamoyofs iberiis mefis

farsmanis vaJs radamists. tacitusis cnobiTve armeniasTan

erTad imJamad `iberiam SeierTa albania da uxmo sarmatebs~

(CORNELIUS TACITUS, ANNALES, VI,33-36, IX,9, XII,15-50). meore is-

torikosis dion kasiusis cnobiT II s. pirvel naxevarSi ̀ iberi-

is mefe farasmanesi roca meuRlesTan erTad romSi Camobr-

Zanda adrianem (romis imperatorma) gaafarTova misi samflo-

beloebi~ (dion kasiosi, romis istoria, LXIX, 15).

Zveli qarTuli saeklesio wyaroebis `moqcevai qarTli-

sais~ (VII-IX ss.) da `qarTlis cxovrebis~ (VIII-XI ss.) cnobebiT

wmida mociqulebis epoqaSi Tanamedrove saqarTvelos teri-

torias moicavda saxelmwifo - `qarTlis samefo~, romelsac

ucxoelebi iberias uwodebdnen, is iyo memkvidre didi isto-

riuli kolxidisa.

Zveli qarTuli saeklesio wyaroebisa da ruis-urbnisis

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krebis gansazRvrebiT Camoyalibebis Tanave saqarTvelos ek-

lesiis iurisdiqciaSi Sedioda sruliad saqarTvelos isto-

riuli miwa-wyali da mTeli qarTveli eri (mcxovrebi rogorc

dasavleT, ise aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi). amitomac nabrZa-

nebia ruis-urbnisis krebis ZeglisweraSi _ `wmida mociqulma

andriam iqadaga yovelsa qveyanasa saqarTveloisasa~, xolo wmi-

da ninom `gananaTla yoveli savseba yovelTa qarTvelTa naTe-

savisa~ (didi sjuliskanoni, 1974, gv. 545-546).

Cveni wyaroebis am miTiTebebs mTlianad eTanxmebian IV-V

da sxva saukuneebis ucxouri wyaroebi

kerZod, IV saukunis eklesiis istorikosi gelasi kesarie-

li wm. ninos Sesaxeb wers _ imperator konstantines xanaSi`RmrTis cneba miiRes pontos gaswvriv miwa-wyalze mcxovrebmaiberebma da lazebma, romelTac manamde is ara swamdaT. am udide-

si sikeTis mizezi gaxda erTi dedakaci, romelic maTTan iyotyved~ (georgika, I, 1961, gv. 186).

amasve wers V saukunis istorikosi gelasi kvizikelic _

`amave dros pontos gaswvriv mdebare qveynis mcxovrebma iberebma

da lazebma RmrTis sityva, romelic manamde ar swamdaT Seiwy-nares~ (mimomxilveli, I, 1926, gv. 55).

maSasadame gelasi kesarielisa da gelasi kvizikelis cnobe-

biT, mTelma qarTvelma erma, rogorc zRvispireTSi mcxovre-

blebma (lazebma), ise qveynis danarCen nawilSi mcxovreblebma

(iberebma), erTdroulad miiRo ̀ RvTis mcneba~ wmida ninos mier.

iberTa moqcevis faqts aRweren ax. w. IV-V saukuneebis istori-

kosebi: sokrate (saeklesio istoria, wigni I, 19), Teodoritos

kvireli (eklesiis istoria, wigni I, 1, 23.), sozomene (saekle-

sio istoria, wigni I, 6, 7, 34, 36) da rufinusi (saeklesio isto-

ria, I, 10).

gelasi kesarielisa da gelasi kvizikelis cnobebs, rom wmi-

da ninom moaqcia lazebic iberebTan erTad, eTanadeba V sauku-

nis cnobili istorikosis movses xorenacis cnoba, is wers,

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vrceli areali Savi zRvidan kaspiis zRvamde moqcia wmida ni-

nom, romelmac iqadaga klarjeTidan vidre kaspiis zRvipireT-

Si imJamad mcxovreb masquTebamde _ `sanatreli nune wavida

iqedan, raTa Tavisi advilgasagebi saubriT qarTvelTa qveynis

sxva kuTxeebic daemoZRvra... gavbedav da vityvi, rom nune mociqu-

li qali gaxda, man iqadaga saxareba klarjeTidan dawyebuli vi-

dre alanTa da kaspiis karebamde, masquTTa sazRvrebamde, rogorc

amas agaTangelozi gauwyebs Sen~ (movses xorenaci, somxeTis is-

toria, 1984, gv. 172).

agaTangelozis cnobiTac, movses xorenacis sityviT, wmi-

da ninos uqadagnia Savi zRvispireTidan - klarjeTidan, vi-

dre kaspiis zRavmde (masquTebamde).

saqarTvelos provincia klarjeTi mdebareobda Savi

zRvispirze, xolo masquTebis tomi wmida ninos epoqaSi cx-

ovrobda kaspiis zRvispirze, am arealze iqadaga wm ninom

xorenelis cnobiT.

dasavleT saqarTvelo klarjeTis CrdiloeTiT mdebare-

obda da am cnobebiTac wm. ninos samoRvaweo arealSi, Sedio-

da. dasavleT saqarTvelo Semdeg xaukuneebSic saqarTvelos

eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi Sedioda, radganac kirion kaTaliko-

si (VI-VII ss) egrisis arqiepiskoposic iyo ioane somexTa kaTa-

likosis cnobis (899 w.) Tanaxmad. is wers _ kirion I iyo mamamTa-

vari `iberielTa, gugarelTa da egriselTa adrindeli wesis Se-

sabamisad~ (ioane kaTalikosis (drasxanakertelis) matiane, 1912,

gv. 65).

am mxriv gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania cnobili istori-

kosis uxtanesis cnobebi, romelic exeba saqarTvelos eklesi-

is istorias VIII-X ss. uxtanesi Tanamedrove iyo mis mier aRw-

erili ambebisa.

qarTuli wyaroebiT ki, rogorc aRiniSna, dasavleT

saqarTvelo gaqristianebidanve uwyvetad saqarTvelos (mcx-

eTis) saeklesio iurisdiqciaSi Sedioda. qarTuli wyaroebi am

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kuTxiT sagangebod Seiswavla iv. javaxiSvilma da daaskvna- -

andria mociqulic da wmida ninoc saerTo qarTuli eklesiis dam-

aarseblad da mTeli eris ganmanaTleblad iyvnen cnobilni,

saqarTvelos sxvadasxva nawilebis calke mqadageblebis gamoZeb-

nis survilic ar hqoniaT, radgan isini mTliani da ganuyofeli

saqarTvelos gamntkicebisa da aRorZinebisaTvis iRwvodnen~ (iv.

javaxiSvili, qarTveli eris istoria, t. III, gv. 47). `es aris

qarTvel saxelovan mecnierTa mier dadgenili da mTeli qarTve-

li erisagan Sesisxlxorcebuli Semecneba~ (iqve, gv. 97).

`moqcevaY qarTlisaYs~ cnobiT, V saukunis 60-70-ian wleb-

Si, vaxtang gorgaslis epoqaSi, saqarTvelos eklesiis meTaurs

mamamTavris tituli hqonia (sityva `mamamTavari~ identuria

sityva `patriarqisa~). aq pirvel kaTalikoss petres mamamTa-

vari ewodeba _ `aqaiTgan iwyes kaTalikosTa

mamamTavrobad~(Zegl, I, 1964, gv. 93).

vaxtang gorgasalma ineba, rom saqarTvelos eklesia mow-

yobiliyo rogorc erTiani, centralizebuli, samamamTavro

eklesia, e.i. dedaqalaqis (mcxeTis) episkoposi saqarTvelos

eklesiisaTvis sayovelTao episkoposi anu kaTalikosi gaxda

(berZn. sityvidan _ ̀ kaTolos~ _ sayovelTao)

qadagebaTa Semdgom IV-VII ssSi saqarTvelos yovel nawil-

Si Camoyalibda aTeulobiT eparqia da saepiskoposo. maTi ricxvi

gasakuTrebiT gaizarda VIII-X ss-Si, amis gamo, warmoiqmna

saWiroeba, raTa saqarTvelos eklesiaSi eparqiaTa marTvis gaad-

vilebisaTvis Camoyalibuliyo ramdenime saeklesio admini-

starciuli olqi, msgavsni bizantiuri samitropolito olqe-

bisa. am mizniT, qarTuli eklesiis wiaRSi Camoyalibda dasvleT

saqarTvelos momcveli saeklesio-administaciuli erTeuli,

romelsac `qvemo iveriis~ anu afxazeTis sakaTalikoso ewode-

boda. mis mmarTvels ̀ umrwemesi kaTalikosis~ tituli meini-

Wa, radganac `uxucesi kaTalikosi~ mcxeTis pirvelierarqs

erqva,

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Zvel saqarTveloSi saeklesio-administraciuli erTeu-

lis daarsebis ufleba ekuTvnoda mefes, amitomac afxazeTis

sakaTalikosos daarsebas esaWiroeboda dasturi saxelmwifo

xelisuflebis mxridan da marTlac, saqarTvelos mefe bagrat

bagrationma (IX s.) gasca amis dasturi.

amitomac wers mematiane Semdegs: ̀ aman bagrat ganawesa kaTa-

likozi afxazeTs qristes aqeT 830 wels~ (qarTlis cxovreba,

1955, I, gv. 255).

afxazeTis sakaTalikoso aRmocenda qarTvel mefeTa da

pirvelierarqTa nebiT da is SemdgomSi yovelTvis erT-erT

administraciul _ saeklesio olqs warmoadgenda zogadqarTu-

li eklesiisa.

afxazeTis sakaTalikoso, istoriulad qarTuli eklesiis

erT nawils warmoadgenda, romlis meore nawili iyo qarTlis

sakaTalikoso.

aseve, Semdgom saukuneebSi, Crdilo kavkasiaSi qristiano-

bis gavrcelebis kvaldakval, Camoyalibda xunZeTis (daRest-

nis) samitropolito olqi, romelsac qarTuli eklesiis iuris-

diqciaSi Semavali kaTalikosi marTavda, amis Tqmis uflebas

iZleva is, rom sinas mTis qarTulma xelnawerebma Semoinaxes

`xunZeli kaTalikosis oqropiris~ saxeli, amasTanave cnobil-

ia, rom kavkasiis am regionSi ramdenime saepiskoposo moqmedeb-

da (anwuxisa, waxurisa, War-fifineTisa da sxva), arqeologebis

mier dadasturebulia am regionSi mravali qristianuli ek-

lesiis naSTi qarTuli warwerebiT. sxva qristianul naSTebTan

erTad aRmoCenilia IX-X ss. sefiskveris qvis sabeWdavic ki

aseve qarTuli warwerebiT.

samxreT saqarTvelosa da Crdilo somxeTSi mcxovrebi

mrevlisaTvis aseve daarsebuli iqna saqarTvelos eklesiis

iurisdiqciaSi Semavali saeklesio-administraciuli erTeuli

_ ̀ somxiTis samitropolitos~ saxelwodebiT.

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saqarTvelos sapatriarqoSi Semavali ramdenime sakaTali-

koso (qarTlisa, afxazeTisa, xunZeTisa) da mravalaTeuli

saepiskoposo qmnida erTian qarTul eklesias.

zogad qarTuli eklesiis mTlianoba miiRweoda saerTo saek-

lesio samarTliT, saerTo sjuliskanoniT, saerTo qarTuli

saRvTismsaxuro eniT, saerTo tradiciebiTa da saqarTvelos

kaTalikos-patriarqis saerTo meTaurobiT.

aRniSnul sakaTalikosoTa zemdgomi saeklesio instituti

iyo saerTo sjuliskanonis da saeklesio samarTlis SemmuSave-

beli saqarTvelos saeklesio krebebi. sruliad saqarTvelos pa-

triarqis movaleoba iyo uzrunveleyo sruliad saqarTvelos

eklesiaSi (e.i. qarTlisa da afxazeTis sakaTalikosoebSi da sxva

saeklesio-administraciul erTeulebSi) saerTo sjuliskano-

nis dacva.

afxazeTisa da qarTlis kaTalikosTa monawileobiT saek-

lesio krebebis mier gamocemul kanonebs mTels saqarTvelo-

Si (cxadia afxazeTSic) savalddebulod aRsasrulebeli Zala

eniWeboda (maT Soris samoqalaqo samarTlis sferoSic). ma-

galiTad, XVI s-is saeklesio samarTlis ZeglSi, romelsac ̀ sa-

marTali kaTalikosTa~ ewodeba, naTqvamia: `q. saxeliTa da Rv-

TisaTa: me qristes mier kurTxeulman yovlisa saqarTveloisa

kaTalikozman-patriarqman malaqia, me qristes mier kurTxeul-

man afxazeTis kaTalikozman mamaTmTavarman evdemon, davsxediT

da SevkribeniT yovelni ebiskopozni afxazeTisani ...davideviT

sjuliskanoni da Cvenca imisgan gamoviReviT... da sjuliskanon-

ica asre brZanebs~... (qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, t. I. 1963,

gv. 393-397). afxazeTis sakaTalikosos am saeklesio krebam

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqis meTaurobiT ga-

mosca kanonebi, romlebic savaldebulod aRsasrulebeli iyo

mTeli saqarTvelos teritoriaze, Tumca is afxazeTSi iqna

miRebuli da isini afxazeTis sakaTlikosos episkoposebma

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daamtkices (eseni iyvnen quTaTeli, genaTeli, Wyondideli,

bedieli, moqveli, drandeli, cagereli, xoneli, nikorwmide-

li, caiSeli), magram, isini, am krebaze, erTian saqarTvelos

eklesias warmoadgendnen.

`qarTlis cxovrebis~ CanarTis cnobiT, saqarTvelos ek-

lesiis meTauris sapatriarqo Rirseba ucvnia VI msoflio saek-

lesio krebas. Znelia iTqvas ramdenad Seesabameba realobas

es cnoba, magram is gvaZlevs informacias saqarTvelos ek-

lesiis wiaRSi damkvidrebuli azris Sesaxeb rom, sapatriarqo

Rirseba saqarTvelos eklesiis meTaurs VII saukunedan gaaCn-

da. es wyaro wers:

`qristes aqeT q-nk iqmna kreba meeqvse [680-681]. . .kostanti-

nopolis Sina. amis krebisa mier brZanes esreT wmidisa eklesiisa

saqarTvelosaTvis, romel ars wmida mcxeTa, raTa iyos swor pa-

tiviTa (viTarca) wmidani samociqulo kaTolike eklesiani, sapa-

triarqoni.

da iyos kaTalikosi qarTlisa swori patriarqTa Tana, da

akurTxevdes, mwysides da ganagebdes simarTliT mTavarepisko-

posTa, mitropolitTa da episkoposTa, da samwysosa Tvissa

qarTlsa gamoRma-gaRma kaxeTsa, Saqsa, Sirvansa da midgmiT-wam-

ovliT mTisa adgilisaTa, suaneTsa da Cerqezis sazRvramdis,

sruliad ovseTsa da yovelsa zemo-qarTlsa samcxe-saaTabagosa~

(qarTlis cxovreba, 1955, gv. 231, 232).

aseve am cnobas, imeorebs Zveli saeklesio wyaro _ `mar-

tviluri xelnaweri~. is asaxelebs Tavis berZnul wyars. `mar-

tvilur xelnawerSi~ wyarod dasaxelebuli `konstantinopo-

luri taqtikoni~. cnobilia, rom VI msoflio krebas kanonebi

ar gamoucia, magram krebis mier dadgenili da imperatoris mier

damtkicebuli saboloo teqsti 681 wlis 16 seqtembers gadaeca

saimperatoro kars sagangebod dasacavad. albaT mas uwodebs es

wyaro `konstantinopoluri taqtikons~. albaT es saboloo teqs-

ti daedo safuZvlad `qarTlis cxovrebis~ zemoT moyvanil Ca-

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narTs msoflio krebis mier qarTuli eklesiisaTvis sapatriarqo

Rirsebis miniWebis Sesaxeb. `martvilur xelnaweris~ cnoba aseTia:

`rameTu esreT Sesaswavebel ars taxtikonsa Sina kon-

stantinopolisasa, viTarmed mas Jamsa wmida meeqvsesa kre-

basa konstantine poRonatisasa da aRaTon romTa papisa,

giorgi konstantinopolelisasa da Teofane antioqielisasa

da maT-Tana asocdaaTTa mamaTagan gapatiosnda kaTalikozi

qarTlisa da yves mamamTavrad da Tavisuflad da uflad

yovelsa zeda saqarTvelosa: da mere kvaladve krebasa Sina

antioqiisasa ganTavisuflda da gapatiosnda, rameTu ar-

Raravisagan xel qveS ars, aramed Tavisufal da mamamTavari

ars~ (martvilis xelnawerebi, Zveli saqarTvelo, t. III,

1913-1914 ww., gv . 29).

aTi wlis, Semdeg 691 wels mowveul iqna e.w. trulis kreba,

romelmac iRvawa kanonSemoqmedebiTi TvalsazrisiT. Sekriba da

gamosca wina msoflio krebaTa kanonebi, magram maTSi ar Sesula

mravali kanoni da dadgenileba wina krebebisa, albaT, masSi ar

moxvda aseve VI krebis dadgenileba qarTuli eklesiis Sesaxeb. v.

goilaZem gamoikvlia, rom `qarTlis cxovrebis~ zemoaRniSnuli

cnoba sandoa (v.goilaZe, qarTuli eklesiis saTaveebTan, 1991, gv.

195).

maSasadame, Zvel qarTul saeklesio istoriografias samarTlianad

miaCnda, rom qarTulma eklesiam sapatriarqo Rirseba moipova VI

msoflio krebaze, 681 wels. marTlac, iqamde patriarqis wodebas

atarebda amierkavkasiis orive mezobeli eklesiis meTauri - somx-

eTisa da albaneTisa, rogorc es kargad Cans movses kalankatuacis

Txzulebidan. amitomac araa gasakviri is, rom qarTuli eklesiis

meTaurs eZia patriarqis wodeba da moepovebina es udidesi Rirseba

msoflio eklesiis dasturiT. amis Semdeg qarTuli eklesiis pa-

tivi gauTanabrdeboda msoflios sxva sapatriarqoTa pativs. amas

sagangebod aRniSnavs cnoba: `amis krebis mier brZanes esreT

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wmidisa eklesiisa saqarTvelosaTvis, romel ars wmida

mcxeTa, raTa iyos swor pativiTa viTarca wmidani samo-

ciqulo kaTolike eklesiani, sapatriarqoni da iyos kaTa-

likosi qarTlisa swori patriarqTa Tana~ (qarTlis cx-

ovreba, 1955, gv. 231, 232). aqvea ganxiluli qarTuli eklesiis

samwyso. masSi saqarTvelos garda Sevida qarTuli eTnosiT dasax-

lebuli teritoriebi: Saqi da Sirvani, kavkasiis mTianeTi `midg-

miT - warmovliT mTisa adgilni~ - esenia dRevandeli

daRestani, CeCneT-inguSeTi `suaneTisa da Cerqezis sazRvram-

dis~, masSi Sesula `sruliad oseTi~. oseTi im droisaTvis

mxolod Crdilo kavkasiaSi arsebobda.

aRsaniSnavia, rom albaneTis eklesia, swored VII s-is dasas-

ruls SeierTa somxurma monofiziturma eklesiam, m. kalankatuacis

Tanaxmad; xolo albaneTis CrdiloeTiT mdebare eTnikuri

qarTvelebiT dasaxlebuli mxareebi, rogorc aRiniSna, daubrunda

dedaeklesias. igulisxmeba teritoria moqceuli mtkvar-alaznis

SesarTavidan mtkvar-araqsis SesarTavamde, romelsac qarTvelebi

hereTs uwodebdnen. am mxareebis mimarT qarTul eklesias Tavisi

iurisdiqciis ufleba hqonda.

aRsaniSnavia, rom dasavleT saqarTvelos SavizRvispi-

ra mxareebi am droisaTvis, e .i. VII s-is bolosaTvis, kv-

lavindeburad Sedioda qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi.

xolo konstantinopolis sapatriarqoSi Semavali berZnu-

lenovani saepiskoposoebi fasisisa, rodopolisisa, petron-

isa mdebareobdnen ara dasavleT saqarTveloSi, rogorc

miiCnies XX s-Si, aramed, n. adoncis kvleviT, trapezun-

tis regionSi, Tanamedrove gumuSxane-sumelas regionSi,

romelic istoriulad qarTveli xalxiT iyo dasaxlebu-

li, mas erqva `lazikis eparqia~.

maSasadame, TviT saqarTvelos eklesaSi istoriulad

damkvidrebuli iyo mtkiceba, rom saqarTvelos eklesias sap-

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atriarqo Rirseba miuRia VII saukuneSi, rom saqarTvelos ek-

lesiis iurisdiqciaSi Sedioda Crdilo kavkasia, samxreT

kavkasiis marTlmadidebluri nawili da aseve mis samxreTiT

mdebare qarTvelebiT dasaxlebuli miwa-wyali. marTlac tao-

klarjeTSi parxlis monastris warweraSi, romelic Sesrule-

buli aris mefe daviT kurapalatis (+1001) dros, moxseniebu-

li aris `qarTlisa da yovlisa aRmosavleTisa patriarqi iov-

ane~.

`yoveli aRmosavleTi~ qarTuli saeklesio wyaroebis cno-

biT erqva vrcel teritorias Savi zRvidan kaspiis zRvamde,

Crdilo anu marTlmadideblur armeniasTan erTad.

a. saqarTvelos sapatriarqos

Crdilo-dasavleTi sazRvari

saqarTvelos sapatriarqoSi Sedioda ̀ nikofsia~, dRevande-

li tuafse, sadac qarTvelTa ganmanaTlebeli simon kananeli

iyo dakrZaluli da romelic giorgi mTawmidelis Tanaxmad,

`queyanasa Cuensa _ afxazeTs~ mdebareobda. es iyo provincia

jiqeTis centrSi, es provincia ki qerCamde aRwevda. rogorc

wyaroebi uCveneben, saqarTvelos sapatriarqos Crdilo-dasav-

leTis sazRvari aRwevda xersonesamde. ase magaliTad, 1525-

1550 wlebis biWvinTis iadgarSi afxazeTis sakaTalikosos Crdi-

lo-dasavleTis sazRvrad dasaxelebulia punqti ̀ kafa~, Crdi-

loeTis sazRvrad ki _ `ruseTis samzRvari~. punqti `kafa~

mdebareobda xersonesTan _ ̀ kaTalikozis sakurTxi aris, samw-

yso _ lixsa da kafas Sua da ruseTis samzRuarsa da WaneTs

Sua~(qarT. samarTlis Zeglebi,t. II. gv. 180).

saerTod xersonesi da kafas naxevarkunZuli pirvel sauku-

neebSive dakavSirebuli iyo saqarTvelosTan, magaliTad _ ̀ kar-

dinal baroniusis azriT, ax.w.aR-is 100 wels imperator tra-

12

ianes mier xersonesSi gandevnili papi wm. klimentis mecadi-

neobis Sedegad kolxeTsa da iberiaSi qristianoba gavrcelda.

arqanjelo lamberti kardinal baroniusis am mosazrebis Sesax-

eb iqve miuTiTebs, rom ̀ ...kolxeTi xuTasi miliTaa daSorebuli

xersonesidan~, ...arqanjelo lamberti im azrs icavs, rom kolx-

eTsa da iberiaSi qristianoba wm. andream da wm. barTlomeom

gaavrceles~ (i. tabaRua, saqarTvelo evropis arqivebSi, w.I.

1984, gv.56).

`qalaqi kaffa mdebareobs 17 verstis daSorebiT kara-

gozidan... emxroba kafis yuris dasavleT nawils... am qalaqma

yirimis aRebis Semdeg miiRo Tavisi Zveli saxeli _ `Teodo-

sia~, amJamad ki isev ewodeba Tavisi winandeli saxeli kaffa~,

magram adre TaTrebi eZaxdnen aseve _ quCuk _ stambuls.

qalaqs uWiravs Zalze moxerxebuli da xelsayreli mdgomar-

eoba vaWrobaSi. is iyo Zalze mniSvnelovani yvela punqts

Soris, romlebic genuelebma daiWires yirimSi~ (Çàïèñêè

Èìïåðàòîðñêîãî Îäåññêîãî îáøåñòâà èñòîðèé è äðåâíîñòåé,

ò. 13, 1883, ñòð. 47);

afxazeTis sakaTalikosos Crdilo-dasavleTis sazRvari

aris punqti kaffa, yirimSi, xersonesTan. saqarTvelos sapa-

triarqoSi afxazeTis sakaTalikosos Camoyalibebis Semdeg

sazRvari kaffamde aRwevda. xersonesis gaTxrebis dros aR-

moCnda qarTuli taZari, rogorc es gamoikvlia kaTalikos-

patriarqma kirionma. manve gamoTqva azri, rom VIII s-Si goTe-

Tis upirvelesi episkoposis iberiaSi xeldasxmis Semdeg go-

TeTis eklesia qarTul eklesias daeqvemdebara (episkoposi

kirioni, xersonis qarTvelTa monasteri, saRvTismetyvelo

krebuli, 1981 w., #12, gv. 17;) kaffa goTeTTan mdebareobda.

b. saqarTvelos sapatriarqos CrdiloeTis sazRvari

13

V saukuneSi vaxtang gorgasalis mier daarsebuli niqozis

saepiskoposos samwysoSi Sediodnen Crdilo kavkasielebi

(dval-osebi), da aseve dasavleT saqarTvelos nawili (glola-

Rebis sanaxebi) _ ̀ ars niqozs eklesia... gorgasal hyo saepisko-

pozod da dasua episkopozi, zis dResac, mwyemsi kavkasianTa,

dualTa da aw oseTad wodebulisa, glola RebiTurT~ (qarT-

lis cxovreba, t. IV, 1959 w., gv. 370); `qarTlis cxovrebis~

Tanaxmad, VII saukuneSi qarTuli eklesiis sazRvari aRwevda

`...Cerqezis sazRvramdis sruliad ovseTisa...~ (qarTlis cx-

ovreba, I, gv. 232). `...pontos zRvidam darubandis zRvamde~

(iqve, gv. 231, SeniSvna I); saukunis pirveli naxevris saqarTve-

los sagareo politikis istoriisaTvis, krebuli XVI saukune-

Si afxazeTis sakaTalikosos CrdiloeTis sazRvari emTxveoda

ruseTis saxelmwifos samxreTis sazRvars, romelic jer kidev

ar iyo moaxloebuli kavkasias _ `ruseTis samzRvarsa da Wa-

neTs Sua~-o, _ wers `biWvinTis iadgari~. XVIII saukuneSic ki

afxazeTis sakaTalikosos Tavis samwysod miaCnda `pontos~,

anu Savi zRvis CrdiloeTiT mdebare mi­webi _ ̀ ponto Crdil-

oiT~ (qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, t. III. 1970 w., gv. 923);

XI saukuneSi, saqarTvelos sapatriarqos Seqmnis dros

qarTul eklesiaSi rom Sedioda CeCneTi, inguSeTi, oseTi, av-

aria _ mTiani daRestani, amis Sesaxeb miuTiTebs axali gamokv-

levebi. (Â. Á. Âèíîãðàäîâ, Î ðåàëüíîñòè ãðóçèíñêîãî âëèÿíèÿ

íà ñåâåðî-çàïàäíîì êàâêàçå â X-XIII ââ., macne, istoriis

seria, 1988 w., #2, gv. 165-168);

Crdilo kavkasiis mkvlevari g. RambaSiZe wers: `Crdilo

kavkasiis qveynebSi saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqis iuris-

diqcias gamoxatavs XI s-is damdegs saqarTvelos kaTalikos-

patriarqis melqisedek I-is moxsenieba `aRmosavleTis patri-

arqad~ imierkavkasiis erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi qristianu-

li Zeglis tyoba-ierdas (inguSeTis) taZarze... avareTSi qris-

tianuli kulturisa da saqarTvelo-daRestnis kulturul-

14

istoriul urTierTobaTa gasaSuqeblad gansakuTrebiT mniS-

vnelovania umTavresad xunZaxsa da mis SemogarenSi

Zv­elqarTuli damwerlobis ZeglTa arseboba... es unikaluri

Zeglebi naTlad da utyuarad migviTiTeben Sua saukuneTa av-

areTSi qarTuli damwerlobisa da enis gavrcelebaze, iqaur

eklesia-taZrebSi qarTuli RvTismsaxurebisa da qarTul

grafikul sistemaze agebul damwerlobaze... X-XIV ss-Ta av-

areTSi qristianobis intensifikacia kargad Cans werilobiTi

monacemebiTac _ ...1310 wlis maRalaSviliseuli saxarebis mi-

nawerSi (giorgi brwyinvales dros) dadasturebulia daRestan-

Si ramdenime eparqiis arseboba (xunZaxis, anwuxisa da waxurisa)

da bolos aRvniSnavT, mecnieruli TvalsazrisiT uZvirfases

cnobas sinas erT-erTi qarTuli monastris XV s-is saaRape

wignidan _ `xunZeli kaTalikosi oqropiris~ Sesaxeb, romel-

sac korneli kekeliZe mitropolitTan aigivebda da riTac

daRestanSi qarTuli marTlmadidebluri eklesiis samitro-

politos arsebobaa dadasturebuli~ (g. RambaSiZe,

saqarTvelosa da CrdiloeT kavkasiis xalxTa kulturul-is-

toriuli urTierToba, feodaluri saqarTvelos ar-

qeologiuri Zeglebi, V, 1987 w., gv. 11-13).

Crdilo kavkasiaSi saqarTvelos sapatriarqos erT-erTi

samitropolitos arseboba xunZeTis sakaTalikosos saxel-

wodebiT, werilobiTaa dadasturebuli.

g. aRmosavleTis sazRvari

jer kidev V saukuneSi, rogorc iTqva, mose xoreneli wer-

da, qarTvelTa ganmanaTlebelma wmida ninom iqadaga `klar-

jeTidan _ masquTTa qveynamdeo~.

masquTTa qveyana mdebareobda kaspiis zRvis piras, axlan-

deli derbendis siaxloves, TviT mose xoreneli Tvlida, rom

15

mis dros V saukuneSi qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi Sedio-

da vrceli miwebi klarjeTidan kaspiis zRvamde, rasac eT-

anxmeba qarTlis cxovreba _ qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi

aRmosavleTiT Sedioda _ kaxeTi, Saqi, Sirvani da midgmiT _

warmovliT mTisa adgilni (qarTlis cxovreba, t. I, gv. 232);

`pontos zRvidan darubandis zRvamde~.

1310 wlis werilobiT cnobaSia _ `odes sanatrelman man

patriarqman Cuenman eqvTime moixila kaxeTs anwuxisa saepisko-

poso da mieriTgan gardamovida waxurs, kak-elisens da movlo

saydarni: kasri samebisa, yumi RvTismSoblisa, leqarTs wm. mo-

ciqulTasworisa ninosi, zars wm. mTavarmowamisa giorgisa, vard-

ians wm. habosi, ganuxs arCilisi, qiS-nuxs RvTismSoblisa, bar-

daSens eliasi... kvalad saydarni xunZTa, naxCTa, ToSeTisa, nekre-

sisa, laguTisa, belqanisa, maj-fifineTisa, ferijan-muxax-mamre-

Tisa da yovlisa vakisa, e.i. ars Zvelisa movakanisa da elisenisa,

verxvianT zeganiT gamo, ivris mdinaris CasarTavamde alazansa

da sanatrelman eqvTime mibrZana qurmuxisa mTavar episkopossa

da yovlisa mTeulisa winamZRvarsa kirile donaursa...~ (k.

kekeliZe, etiudebi, II, 1945 w., gv. 314).

am amonaweridan Cans, rom uSualod saqarTvelos patri-

arqs eqvemdebareba albaneTis CrdiloeTiT mcxovrebi is sam-

wyso, romelic win aRudga monofizitur aRmsareblobas da

ar SeuerTda kavkasiaSi monofizitur centrs - somxur ekle-

sias. am mxares hereTi ewodeboda, moicavda teritorias,

romelsac Semdgom Saqi ewoda, mdebareobda mtkvar-alaznis

SesarTavidan vidre mtkvar-araqsis SesarTavamde, mtkvris

marcxena sanapiros momcveli qveyana. aq mTavari sasuliero

centri saqarTvelos sapatriarqoSi Semavali giSis saepisko-

poso iyo. rac Seexeba albaneTs, mas kavkasiaSi gansaxilvel

dros, VII s.-Si, Semosuli arabebi `arans~ uwodebdnen. qarTu-

li wyaroebiT rani (arani) mtkvris marjvena sanapiros qveyana

iyo.

16

aRsaniSnavia, rom hereTis qristianebi qarTulenovanni

iyvnen. maTi dedaena iyo qarTuli ena. isini V saukuneSi mcxe-

Tis eklesias eqvemdebarebodnen. es `SuSanikis wamebidanac~

Cans. Semdgom, politikuri mizezis gamo, hereTis qristianebi

ierarqiulad daeqvemdebarnen albaneTis sakaTalikosos. VI

saukunidan rogorc albaneTis, ise qarTlis sakaTalikosoebi

somxuri eklesiis mZlavr zegavlenas ganicdidnen sparsTa sax-

elmwifos nebiT. amis gamo, albaneTis sakaTalikosoSi, saek-

lesio enad dainerga ara mSobliuri qarTuli da albanuri

enebi, aramed eklesiebSi wirva-locvisaTvis gamoiyeneboda

somxuri ena. amis mizezi sparsTa zemoqmedebis garda, albane-

Tis xalxTa mravalerovneba iyo. albaneTSi gavrcelebuli iyo

rogorc sparsuli, aseve Turquli da kavkasiuri enebi, am qvey-

nis Crdilo-dasavleTiT ki hereTis mosaxleobis dedaena iyo

qarTuli ena.

VII saukunis bolos, movses kalankatuacis Tanaxmad, al-

baneTis eklesiam sabolood dakarga avtokefalia da is

SeuerTda somxur eklesias (movses kalankatuaci, alvanTa qvey-

nis istoria, 1985 w., gv. 140); amis gamo imJamad albaneTis naw-

ilad gadaqceul hereTSic somxuri eklesiis mecadineobiT

gavrcelda monofizitoba. es mwvalebloba hereTSi aRmoufx-

vria dinara dedofals X saukuneSi. amis Semdeg hereTi da

aRmosavleTis mxareebi kvlav Tavis deda qarTul eklesias

daubrunda. XI saukuneSi sapatriarqos Seqmnis Semdeg, hereT-

sa da mis aRmosavleTiT mdebare qveynebze iurisdiqcias

saqarTvelos patriarqi axorcielebda, rogorc zemoT moy-

vanili amonawerebidanac Cans.

d. sazRvari samxreTiT

imperator konstantine porfirogenetis Tanaxmad,

saqarTvelos samxreTis sazRvari mdinare arezamde (araqsam-

17

de) Cadioda, is wers, _ mdinare araqsis ̀ ...marcxena mxare iberi-isaken mimarTuli epyraT iberebs, xolo marjvena, rac Teo-dosiopolisaken aris, rogorc cixeebi, ise soflebi iyves Cveni

mbrZaneblobis qveS. sazRvrad mdinare iqneba~ (georgika, t. IV,

nakveTi II, gv. 271); iberiaSi Semavali `mesxeTis Zireul nawilsSeadgenda seqtorebi mezobeli araqsisa da dasavleT evfratis

xeobebisa~ (p. ingoroyva, giorgi merCule, gv. 297);

araqsisa da evfratis saTaveebi X saukuneSi ara mxold

konstantine porfirogenetis dros iyo qarTvelebiT dasax-

lebuli, aramed saerTod araqs-evfratis saTaveebis miwa-wya-

li iseve, rogorc trapezuntis olqis mTianeTi -pariedredan

vanis tbis mimarTulebiT, strabinis cnobiT, iberebis isto-

riul miwa-wyals warmoadgenda Zv.w. II saukunebde, am miwa-wy-

lis armeniis saxelmwifoSi Sesvlamde.

straboni wers _ `mogviTxroben, rom warsulSi armeniis

patara qveyana gafarTovda artaqsiasa da zariadrias omebis

Sedegad. isini iyvnen antioq didis mxedarTmTavrebi, misi dam-

arcxebis Semdeg ki mefeebi gaxdnen. maT erTad gaafarToves

TavianTi samflobelo, CamoaWres ra irgvliv mcxovreb xalx-

ebs olqebi, kerZod. . . iberebisagan miitaces pariadres

mTiswineTi, xorZene da gogarene, romelic kiris meore mxare-

saa, xalibebs da mosinikebs CamoaWres kareniti da qserqsene,

mcire armeniis mosazRvre nawilebi~ (straboni, geografia, XI,

14, 5).

am CamorTmeul (ukve armeniaSi Semaval miwebze) qarTule-

bi (iberebi) uwyvetad cxovrobdnen osmalebis saxelmwifos

Seqmnamde da mis Semdgom saukuneTa manZilze, isini taoSi am-

Jamadac ki cxovroben.

es mxareebi strabonamdec qarTveli xalxis samSoblo iyo,

amitomac jer kidev qristeSobamde aTasi wliT adre aq, am

mxareebSi warmoiqmna qarTveli xalxis pirveli saxelmwifoe-

bi _ diaoxi da kolxa. diaoxisa da kolxasagan momdinareoben

18

am mxareebSi gavrcelebuli toponimebi _ `tao~ da `kola~.

moses xorenacis Tanaxmad, qristemde, am mxareebSi Semosvlis

dr­os (VI-V saukuneebSi), armenielebs aq adgilobrivi mosax-

leoba daxvedria, romelTa asimilaciac maSinve dawyebula.

xorenelis Tanaxmad, armenielTa erT mefes aukrZalavs adgi-

lobrivi mosaxleobisaTvis mSobliur enaze laparaki da neba

daurTavs armenielTa enaze laparakisa. _ `amasTanave aramma

ubrZana iqaur mkvidrT, SeeTvisebinaT somxuri ena da laparaki~

(movses xorenaci, somxeTis istoria, 1984 w., gv. 77); xoreneli

mravalgzis aRniSnavs _ `sakvirvelia mematianis naTqvami, rom

Cvens qveyanaSi mraval adgilas gafantulad mkvidrobda mcire-

ricxovani xalxi, Cveni Zireuli winapris, haikis

mosvlamde~(iqve, gv. 73). anda `matianeSi aqac aRniSnulia, rom

velis samxreT nawilSi, erT wagrZelebul mTasTan adridanve

cxovrobdnen mcireodeni kacni, romlebic nebiT damorCild-

nen gmirs~ (iqve, gv. 70); anda `...ar SemiZlia vTqva dabejiTebiT,

STamomavalia igi haikisa Tu haikis (mosvlamde) am qveyanaSi mcx-

ovrebi xalxisa, romelTa arsebobaze miuTiTeben Zveli Tqmule-

bebi~ (movses xorenaci, somxeTis istoria, 1984 w., gv. 108);

xorenelis mTargmneli da komentatori al. abdalaZe amis

Sesaxeb wers _ `xorenacis am da msgavs cnobebSi asaxulia is-

toriuli sinamdvile imis Sesaxeb, rom e.w. `didi somxeTis~

miwa-wyalze somexTa mosvlamde mkvidrobdnen sxva xalxebi,

maT Soris qarTuli modgmis tomebic~ (iqve, gv. 249);

qarTvelTa asimilacia armenielTa mier `didi somxeTis~

miwa-wyalze warmatebuli iyo somxeTis aRmosavleT nawilSi,

magram dasavleT somxeTSi arezisa da evfratis siaxloves mcx-

ovrebma qarTvelebma didxans SeinarCunes TavianTi ena, Cans,

imis gamo, rom qristemde IV-III saukuneebSi Seqmnili iberiis

saxelmwifo am mimarTulebiT sazRvrebs ifarToebda xolme,

gansakuTrebiT I-II saukuneebSi.

Semdgom saukuneebSi somxeTis gaZlierebam daaCqara somx-

19

eTSi mcxovrebi qarTvelebis nawilobrivi asimilacia. saqarTve-

los sapatriarqos warmoqmnis dros e.w. ̀ didi somxeTis~ ter-

itoriaze cxovrobda uamravi qarTveli adgilobrivi mcxovre-

bi, maTTvis daarsebuli iqna saepiskoposoebi, romelTa

sazRvrebi aRwevda raxsisa da evfratis xeobebamde. ̀ XIII sauku-

neSi monRolTa batonobis drosac ki mesxeTis mTavris kuTv-

nili qveyana iwyeboda taSiskaridan da grZeldeboda, ̀ aRmarT,

vidre karnu qalaqamde~. XIV saukuneSic taSiskaridan vidre

basianamde ̀ mesxTa qveSe dawesebuli qveyana iyo~... XVII sauku-

nis antioqieli patriarqi makari adasturebs, rom adre

saqarTvelos samxreTi sazRvari iyo mdinare evfrati da ev-

fratis aqeTa teritoriebi sul saqarTvelod iTvleboda.

saqarTvelos sazRvari rom evfratamde Cadioda, amas amow-

mebs Celebic. mdinare arezis aqeTa mxaresa da arzrumis mi-

damoebs didxans SemorCa qarTuli mosaxleoba. XVII saukuneSi

arzrumis midamoebSi gamovlilma arqanjelo lambertim ram-

denime qarTuli sofeli naxa, romelTac arzrumelad wode-

buli qarTveli mwyemsmTavari ejdaT arzrumSi~ (S. lomsaZe,

samcxe-javaxeTi, gv. 256).

amis gamo iyo, rom saqarTvelos sapatriarqoSi Sedioda _

anisis, yarsis, valaSkertisa da sxva saepiskoposoebi.

es mxareebi daviT kurapalatis dros iveriis anu ̀ qarTvel-

Ta ~ samefos SemadgenlobaSi moeqca, bizantiis imperiamac aq

(Teodosiopol-arzrumidan anisamde) Tavisi administraciu-

li erTeuli Camoayaliba ̀ iberiis Temis~ saxelwodebiT. rad-

gan am mxareebs Sua saukuneebSi somxeTi ewodeboda, aq saqarTve-

los sapatriarqos mrevlis sulier meTaurs `somxeTis mit-

ropoliti~ erqva.

20

urTierTdamokidebuleba sakaTalikosoTa Soris

saqarTvelos sapatriarqoSi, wyaroTa Tanaxmad, Sedioda:

1. qarTlis sakaTalikoso; 2. afxazeTis sakaTalikoso; 3. somx-

eTis samitropolito; 4. Crdilo kavkasiis qristianebi. (ucx-

oelebi, xSirad, maT meTaurebs ara kaTalikosebs, aramed ar-

qiepisoposebs, sruliad saqarTvelos patriarqs ki `kaTali-

koss~ uwodebdnen, amasTanave afxazeTis sakaTalikosos- ̀ qvemo

iberiis~ saarqiepiskoposos, qarTlisas ki ̀ zemo iberiis~ saar-

qiepiskoposos uwodebdnen).

yovel sakaTalikosoSi Sedioda saepiskoposoebi. dasav-

leT saqarTvelos saepiskoposoebi uSualod eqvemdebarebo-

da afxazeTis kaTalikoss, aRmosavleT saqarTvelos saepisko-

posoebi ki _ qarTlis kaTalikoss. qarTlis kaTalikossa da

afxazeTis kaTalikoss Soris ufros-umcrosobiTi damokide-

buleba arsebobda.

saqarTvelos sapatriarqos meTaurad _ patriarqad,

rogorc wesi, qarTlis kaTalikoss svamdnen, anu qarTlis kaTa-

likosi imave dros saqarTvelos patriarqi iyo, magram arse-

bobda gamonaklisic, rodesac afxazeTis kaTalikosebi,

rogorc ucxouri, ise qarTuli wyaroebiT sruliad saqarTve-

los patriarqebad moixsenebian. am sakiTxs qvemoT vexebiT.

saqarTvelos sapatriarqos meTaurs oficialurad ewode-

boda _ `yovlisa saqarTveloYsa patriarqi da qarTlisa kaTa-

likosi~ (iv. javaxiSvili, qarTveli eris istoria, t. IV, gv.

51). qarTlis kaTalikosi rom imave dros saqarTvelos patri-

arqi iyo, sityva `patriarqi~ _ Sua saukuneTa saqarTveloSi

iTargmneboda da ixmareboda misi qarTuli Targmani ̀ mamamTa-

vari~. 1103 wlis dokumentSi patriarqs ase moixsenieben _ ̀ io-

vane wmidisa kaTalikosisa da yovlisa saqarTveloYsa yovlad

Rirsisa mamaT-mTavrisa mravalni arian welni~ (didi sjulis

21

kanoni, 1975w., gv. 553), XIII saukunis dokumentSia _ `...wmidisa

mamaTmTavarsa Cuensa arsenis qristes mier qarTlisa kaTa-

likozsa~... (qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, t. III, 1970 w., gv.

161),

1610 wlis _ ̀ yovlisa saqarTveloYsa mamaTmTavarTmTavar-

man kaTalikozman patronman zebedem~ (iqve, gv. 388); ̀ yovlisa

aRmosavlisa da CrdiloYsa didman mamamTavarman, kaTalikozman

patronman zebedem~ (iqve, gv. 390); 1616 wlis _ `yovlisa

saqarTvelosa didman mamaTmTavarTmTavarman, qarTlisa kaTa-

likozman patronman iovanem~ (iqve, gv. 342);

aq yuradReba unda mieqces, rom qarTuli eklesiis me-

Taurs ewodeba saqarTvelos mamamTavari, anu patriarqi da

qarTlis kaTalikosi. saqarTvelo da qarTli XI saukunis Sem-

deg erTi da igive cnebebi ar aris, saqarTvelo ̀ nikofsiidan

darubandamde~, moqceul qveyanas, xolo qarTli, _ lixis mTis

aRmosavleTiT mdebare provinciebs erqva, amitomac roca

qarTuli eklesiis meTaurs uwodeben saqarTvelos patriarqsa

da qarTlis kaTalikoss, Cven iseve unda gavigoT, rogorc

weren _ is mTeli, sruliadi, `yoveli~ saqarTvelos patri-

arqi iyo da amave dros kaTalikosi qarTlisa (Tumca XI sauku-

nemde `qarTli~ sruliad saqarTvelos ewodeboda).

zemoT moyvanili amonawerebidan aSkarad Cans, rom sruliad

saqarTvelos patriarqi imave dros aris qarTlis kaTalikosi,

anu saqarTvelos mamamTavari aerTianebs or taxts _ qarTlis

kaTalikosisas da saqarTvelos patriarqisas. is ori taxtis

mpyrobelia. afxazeTis kaTalikossa da qarTlis kaTalikoss

Soris damokidebuleba Tu rogori saxis iyo, garkveulia mec-

nierTa mier _ ̀ mcxeTis patriarqi, afxazeTis kaTalikosisaTvis

gaxda ̀ mama~, TviT afxazeTis kaTalikosi ̀ umrwmesi~ (umcrosi)

kaTalikosi~ (b. lominaZe _ saqarTvelos sapatriarqo da misi

avtokefalia. saRvTismetyvelo krebuli, 1981 w., #12, gv. 97);

xSirad dasavleT saqarTvelos kaTalikosebi TavianT Tavs

22

`qvemo iveriis~, anu afxazeTis kaTalikoss uwodebdnen (qarTu-

li samarTlis Zeglebi, t. III, 1970, gv. 923); xolo aRmosavleT

saqarTvelosi _ ̀ zemo iveriis~ anu ̀ zemo saqarTvelos~ kaTa-

likosebs. (iqve, gv. 901); `sruliad iveriad~ anu `sruliad

saqarTvelod~ orive sakaTalikosos teritoria moixseniebo-

da.

saqarTvelos erTiani saxelmwifos daSlis Semdeg XV-XVI

saukuneebidan, afxazeTis sakaTalikoso ar gamoyofia ̀ qarTul

eklesias~, rogorc wers aTeisturi epoqis zogierTi mecnieri,

piriqiT, rogorc dokumentebi aCvenebs afxazeTis kaTaliko-

sebma sruliad saqarTvelos eklesiis meTaurebad-pirvelier-

arqad warmoadgines TavanTi Tavi.

qarTuli eklesiis mTlianobas adasturebs is faqtebi, rom

saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi erTianobis darRvevis Semde-

gac afxazeTis kaTalikosebi eklesiis urRveobis SenarCuneb-

is mizniT TavianT Tavs sruliad saqarTvelos patriarqsa da

makurTxevels uwodebdnen. magaliTad, XVIII s-is afxazeTis kaTa-

likosi grigoli Tavis mier gamocemuli dokumentebs xels

awers ase _ ̀ grigol mwyemsi qristes mier yovlisa saqarTveloisa

kaTalikosi~ (`qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi~, III, gv. 675);

aseve zogierTi sxva afxazeTis kaTalikosic Tavis Tavs

saqarTvelos patriarqs uwodebda XVII s-is bolosa da XVIII s-

is dasawyisSi, anu is ara mxolod afxazeTis aramed sruliad

saqarTvelos makurTxevelad Tvlida Tavis Tavs.

es faqti asaxulia ucxour wyaroebSic.

ucxouri wyaroebis Tanaxmad am epoqaSi afxazeTis kaTa-

likosi sruliad saqarTvelos (iberiis) uxuces (upirates)

pirveliararqad iTvleboda, magaliTad antioqia-ierusalimis

patriarqi dosiTeosi (XVII s.) amis Sesaxeb werda _ `iberiaSi

ori arqiepiskoposia, romelTac qarTvelebi uwodeben kaTali-

kosebs. qvemo iberia, romelsac Zvelad kolxeTs uwodebdnen, aqvs

eparqiebi imereTSi, guriaSi, samegreloSi, afxazeTSi, svaneTsa da

23

mesxeTis nawilSi. zemo da qvemo iberias Soris sazRvari aris qedi,

romelic kavkasiis mTebSi iwyeba, qarTulad qulfargi ewodeba,

qvemo iberiis kaTalikosi pativiT ufro metia zemo iberiis kaTa-

likosze ... mefe, e.i. imereTis Tavi, maTTan iwodeba mTeli iberi-

is mefeTa-mefed~ (dosiTeosi, ierusalimeli patriarqebi, Tavi

V, gv. 510, wignidan: Ìèòðîïîëèò Ñàðäñêèé Ìàêñèì, ̀ Öåðêîâü

Ãðóçèè è åå àâòîêåôàëèÿ~ ôåîëîãèÿ, Àôèíû, 1966 ñòð. 51).

meore ierusalimeli patriarqi xrisanfi ambobs: `...saqar-

TveloSi, romelsac adre iberia erqva, iyo ori arqiepiskoposi,

romelTac Cveulebis Tanaxmad uwodeben kaTalikosebs da ara ar-

qiepiskoposebs. ase maT marto qarTvelebi uwodeben. amaTgan

erTi, e.i. arqiepiskoposi qvemo iberiisa, iwodeba imereTis, ose-

Tis, guriis da sruliad qvemo iberiis unetares kaTalikosad,

anu martivad, sruliad iberiis unetares kaTalikosad, rogorc

ufrosi zemo iberiis kaTalikosze. xolo meore, e.i. zemo iberi-

isa, iwodeba qarTlis, kaxeTis, albaniis da sruliad zemo iberi-

is unetares kaTalikosad... romeli imperatoris dros, an romel

krebaze gaxda is saarqiepiskoposo, Cven zustad ver davadgineT,

magram 26 ivnisis svinaqsarSi vpoulobT, rom ioane, goTeTis

episkoposi, xeldasxmuli iqna iberiis kaTalikosis mier, radga-

nac romaul qveynebSi batonobda xatmebrZolTa eresi, ase rom,

rogorc Cans, erekles Semdeg isavramde qvemo iberia saar-

qiepiskoposo gaxda...~ (wignidan: Ìèòðîïîëèò Ñàðäñêèé Ìàêñèì,

`Öåðêîâü Ãðóçèè è åå àâòîêåôàëèÿ~ ôåîëîãèÿ, Àôèíû, 1966

ñòð. 49).

antioqel-ierusalimeli patriarqebi erTiani saxelmwifos

danawevrebis Semdeg ewvivnen saqarTvelos, imyofebodnen afx-

azeTis sakaTalikosoSi XVII s-Si, TavianTi TvaliT naxes, Seaf-

ases da wignebis saxiT gamoaqveynes saqarTvelos eklesiis yofa

TavianT epoqaSi.

maTi aRweridan naTlad Cans, rom, rogorc ukve aRvniS-

24

neT, saqarTvelos daSlis Semdeg afxazeTis sakaTalikoso ki

ar gamoeyo qarTul eklesias, rogorc bolo dros wers zo-

gierTi istorikosi, aramed piriqiT, afxazeTis kaTalikosi

`sruliad iberiis unetares kaTalikosad~ iwoda, anu sruliad

saqarTvelos eklesiis meTaurad warmoadgina sakuTari Tavi.

es faqti afxazeTis sakaTalikosos sabuTebiTac dasturdeba.

faqti, rom saqarTvelos daSla-danawevrebisas afxazeTis kaTa-

likosebi TavianT Tavs sruliad saqarTvelos patriarqebad

miiCnevdnen, am epoqis saqarTvelos eklesiis mTlianobis ut-

yari niSania.

ismis kiTxva, ratom miiCnies afxazeTis kaTalikosebma Tavi-

si Tavi sruliad saqarTvelos patriarqad aRniSnul epoqaSo?

am kiTxis pasuxisaTvis masalas gvaZleven TviT ucxoeli pa-

triarqebi TavianT aRwerebSi. antioqiel-ierusalimeli patri-

arqebis epoqaSi, aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mahmadianuri sparse-

Tis saxelmwifo daepatrona da samwyso qarTl-kaxeTis mahma-

diani mefe-xanebis xelqveiTad iqca, ramac qarTlis sakaTali-

koso daaknina (wm. evdemon kaTalikoso cixis maRali koSkidan

gadmoagdes da mokles, mravali sxva kaTalikosi daapatimres

anda qveyana daatovebines), aseT kritikul dros sruliad

iberiis mrevli maT WeSmarit mefed qristian imereTis mefes

miiCnevda. patriarqi xrisanfi wers- `mefe, e.i. imereTis Tavi,

maTTan iwodeba mTeli iberiis mefeTa-mefed~, Sesabamisad, ms-

gavsadve, dosiTeosis sityviT -`arqiepiskoposi qvemo iberi-

isa, iwodeba. . .sruliad iberiis unetares kaTalikosad, rogorc

ufrosi zemo iberiis kaTalikosze~.

rogorc iTqva, ucxoeli patriarqebi afxazeTis sakaTali-

kosos ̀ qvemo iberiis saarqiepiskoposos~, mis meTaurs ki ̀ sruli-

ad iberiis kaTalikoss~ uwodebdmen.

afxazeTis anu qvemo iberiis kaTalilosma saqarTvelos

(sruliad iberiis) eklesiis meTauroba im dros miiRo, rode-

25

sac qarTl-kaxeTs mahmadiani mefe-xanebi marTavdnen TiTqmis

150 wlis manZilze.

RvTis SewevniT XVIII s. 50-ian wlebSi qarTl kaxeTis taxtze

kvlav qristiani mefeebi avidnen, am momentma kvlav gaaZliera

qarTlis sakaTalikoso, man kvlav daibruna Zveli avtotite-

ti da Zveleburad kvlav iwoda saqarTvelos kaTalikosad.

es faqti saeklesio samarTlis sferomac asaxa, magaliTad

anton kaTalikosis dikasteriis (saeklesio sasamarTlos) sa-

marTalis sferoSi aRmosavleTTan erTad dasavleT saqarTve-

loc Sedioda (mitropoliti anania jafariZe, saqarTvelos

saeklesio krebebi, 2003, t. III. gv. 7-9).

samarTlebrivad da admisistraciulad XVIII s-is bolos

afxazeTis kaTalikosTa taxtze mjdomi wm. dosiTeos quTaTe-

lis dros saqarTvelos eklesia erTiani iyo iseve, rogorc

yovelTvis IV s-dan.

XIX s-Si mTeli es sistema moiSala ,radganac saqarTvelos ek-

lesiis avtokefalia gaauqma ruseTis saimperatoro xelisufle-

bam.

wmida nino lazikis ganmanaTlebeli(lazikis eparqia, pitiunti)

biWvinTa, VIII saukunidan vidre XVII saukunemde, TiTqmis

aTasi wlis manZilze ̀ qvemo iberiis~ anu afxazeTis saakaTaki-

kosos sasuliero centrs warmoadgenda, aq edgaT taxti das-

vleT saqarTvelos momcvel afxazeTis sakaTalikosos meTau-

rebs, aqedan marTavdnen eparqiebsa da mrevls.

afxazeTis sakaTalikoso mudam qarTulenovani iyo, maTi

meTaurebi iyvnen qarTveli didebulebi bagrationebis, aba-

SiZeebis, CxetiZeebis, gurielebis, qvarianebis, aTabagebis, wu-

26

lukiZeebis, lorTqifaniZeebis, sayvareliZeebis, erisTavebis

da sxva qarTuli sagvareulos warmomadgenlebi. iyvnen qarTve-

li mamuliSvilebi da amayobdnen imiT, rom, rogorc TviTon

weren _ `Cven qarTvelni RvTismSoblis wilxdomilni varT~

(magaliTad, afxazeTis kaTalikos grigol lorTqifaniZis bi-

Wvintisadmi Sewirulobis wignSi naTqvamia- ̀ pirvelwodebul-

sa andreas moeca CrdiloeTisa qveyana moqcevad CvenebiTa wmid-

isa RvTismSobelisaTaa, rameTu Cven qarTvelni misni wilxdom-

ilni varT, (da wina) kaTalikozTa biWvintisa RvTismSobelisa-

Ta msaxureba saydrisa didad eRvawaT~ (qarTuli samarTlis

Zeglebi, III, gv. 727). isini amave sabuTebSi pirvelsaukuneTa IV-

V saukuneTa qarTul saxarebebs wmida wignebad miiCnevdnen,

da werdnen _ `Cveni saxarebani wmidad Targmnilia~, erTerT

sabuTSi ki maT mier gaRebul sxva mdidar SenawirebTan erTad

naxsenebia ̀ moxatuli qarTlis cxovreba~. arsebobs sxva uam-

devi aTaswlovani damadasturebeli sabuTi mrevlisa da ier-

arqebis qarTvelobisa, qarTuli eklesiis wevrobisa (mTavar-

episkoposi anania jafariZe, afxazeTi, 2001, gv. 52-55).

biWvinTasTan dakavSirebiT unda iTqvas, rom arcerT

qarTul wyaroSi araa odnavi miTiTebac ki, rom odesme bi-

WvinTa berZnuli an bizantiuri eklesiis mier iyo daarsebu-

li, piriqiT, biWvinTis warsuli qarTul eklesiasTanaa dakav-

Sirebuli. wyaroTa mixedviT biWvinTa _ qarTuli eklesiis

nayofia. Sexeduleba biWvinTis warsulTan dakavSirebiT Se-

icvala, ZiriTadad, XX saukuneSi da amJamad miRebuli Sexed-

ulebiT biWvinTa aris berZnul-romauli wyaroebis pitiuntianu, igive, piTia.

miiCneva rom biWvinTeli episkoposi monawileobda I msof-

lio krebaSi 325 wels. magram sxva azrisa iyo cnobili mec-

nieri n. adonci, aseve p. ingoroyva da sxvani, maTi azriT

pitiunti mdebareobda ara afxazeTSi, aramed istoriulisaqarTvelos sxva regionSi, romelic moicavs of-aTina-rizes

olqs da lazika erqva.

27

n. adonci Tavisi azris erTerT sabuTad miiCnevs imas, rom

romaul wyaroTa cnobiT pitiuntsa da sebastopolisSi Tavisi

mudmivi sajariso nawili hyavda dabanakebuli `armeniis du-

qss~, romelic iyo ponto-mcire armeniis romauli samxedro

olqis mxedarTmTavari.

adoncis sityviT, armeniis duqsis gavlenis sferoSi ar

Sedioda dasavleT saqarTvelo da miT umetes misi Soreuli

mxare cxum-biWvinTas olqi, aq mas ar SeeZlo Tavisi sajariso

danayofis dabanakeba (mitropoliti anania jafariZe, saepisko-

posoebi lazikaSi, 2011, gv. 212).

p. ingoroyva pitiunts of-rizes regionSi aTavsebs,

amasTanave uTiTebes Zvel avtorebsa da Zvel rukebs, sadac

pitiunti trapezuntsa da Woroxs Soris zRvispirzea moT-

avsebuli, saqarTvelos eklesiis iurisdiqciis samxreT sazR-

varTan. amave azrs sxva wyaroebiT adastureben axali mkvle-

varebi (g. andriaZe, ucnobi istoriuli saqarTvelo, qristian-

uli lazeTi, 2012).

qarTuli da somxuri eklesiebis iurisdiqciis sazRvrebis

Sesaxeb garkveul cnobebs iZleva wmida grigol somexTa gan-

manaTleblis arabuli Targmani, romelic VII-IX saukuneebs

miekuTvneba.

miRebuli TvalsazrisiT aRniSnul arabul xelnawerSi

ikiTxeba TiTqos wmida grigolma Tavisi episkoposebi gaagzav-

na lazeTSi, magram jer kidev 1908 wels miuTiTa cnobilma

mecnierma n. adoncim, rom man (wm. grigolma) Tavisi episko-

posi gaagzavna ara lazeTSi, aramed `arzanenaSi~, is wm. grig-

olis cxovrebas arabul xelnawerebSi kiTxulobs ara sityva

`lazeTs~, aramed ̀ arzanenas~ ase, rom lazeTi, da miT umetes

afxazeTi, ar iyo wmida grigolis samoRvaweo areali (mitro-

politi anania jafariZe, saepiskoposoebi lazikaSi, 2011, gv,

432).

piriqiT, lazeTi iyo wmida ninos samoRvaweo areali ge-

28

lasi kesarielisa da gelasi kvizikelis Tanaxmad. xolo

lazikis mitropolit germanes cnobiT iverTa ganmanaTle-

blis mir yofila daarsebuli ofis saepiskoposo kaTedra (g.

andriaZe, ucnobi istoriuli saqarTvelo, qristianuli laze-

Ti, 2012, gv, 83-93). aqve, rogorc iTqva, miuTiTeben piti-

unts kaTedris mdebareobasac. SesaZloa ofisa da pitiuntis

kaTedrebi erTi da igive iyo. da aq, anu lazeTSi, iRvawa wm.

ninom iberiaSi gamgzavrebamde, albaT 310-320-ian wlebSi.

gelasi kesarieli da gelasi kvizikeli weren rom wmida

ninom moaqcia ̀ iberebi da lazebi~. es uZvelesi IV-V ss. cnobe-

bi miuTiTeben, rom lazeTi _ wmida ninos samoRvaweo areali

iyo da ara wmida grigolisa, marTlac, xorenacis cnobiT

wmida ninom iqadaga `klarjeTidan masquTebamde~, e.i. klar-

jeT-lazeTi wmida ninos samoRvaweo areali iyo.

wmida ninos dros, vaxuSti batoniSvilis TqmiT, klarjeT-

Si Sedioda ara mxolod erTi mcire xeoba artanujis olqSi,

aramed vrceli areali, masSi taosa da sperTan erTad Sedio-

da zRvispireTi, romelsac qarTul wyaroebSi ̀ sofeli megrel-

Ta~ anu lazika ewodeba, ase, rom xorenacis cnobiTac, wmida

ninos samoRvaweo areali yofila lazika.

daarsa Tu ara wmida ninom Tavis mier moqceul lazikaSi

saepiskoposo kaTedra? swored am kiTxvas upasuxa lazikis mit-

ropolitma germanem ruseTis mefis karze XVI s-Si. am dros

ruseTSi Cavida lazikis mitropoliti germane, romelmac ga-

nacxada, rom rize-ofis regioni imTaviTve iyo qarTuli ek-

lesiis iurisdiqciis sfero, radganac es mxareebi iveriasTan

erTad gananaTla iveriis ganmanaTlebelma da man lazeTSi, ofSi

daarsa pirveli saepiskoposo kaTedra.

Cans, ofis saepiskoposo centri, sadac, imxanad lazikis

mitropolits hqonda kaTedra, wmida ninos daarsebuli iyo.

Zvel dros aq iyo cnobili fasidis samitropolito cen-

tri, romelsac Semdgom VI-VII ss-Si daeqvemdebarnen ziganas,

29

rodopolisis, saisinisa da petras saepiskoposoebi.

lazika-klarjeTis am regions rTuli istoria hqonda. IV

s-Si is Sedioda qarTlis samefoSi, V s-Si miitaca bizantiam, V

s-Sive daibruna vaxtang gorgasalma, VI s-Si is isev miitaca

bizantiam Woroxis xeobasTan erTad, ris gamoc gaCaRda spar-

seT- bizantiis omebi lazikisaTvis, am omSi gaimarjva bizan-

tiam, rac dagvirgvinda VII s-Si herakle keisris sparseTSi gam-

arjvebiT. VIII s. Semdeg es mxareebi sadavo gaxda arabebsa da

bizantielebs Soris. ramac xangrZlivi arastabilurobis gamo

gamoiwvia rodopolisis, ziganas, saisinisa da petras saepisko-

poso kaTedrebis damcroba-gauqmeba. maleve am miwa-wyalze

Seiqmna bizantiuri administraciuli erTeuli ~armeniakonis~

saxelwodebiT. konstantine porfirogenetis cnobiT am Tems

armeniakoni ewoda imis gamo, rom mis maxloblad cxovrobd-

nen armenielebi. am Tems maleve daubrunda Tavisi namdvili

saxeli da ewoda ̀ qaldias Temi~. is mdebareobda trapezuntis

samxreTis mTianeTSi da moicavda agreTve zemoT aRniSnul

zRvispira regionsac of-aTinas mimarTulebiT. eklesiurad

aq mdebare olqs erqva ̀ eparqia lazikaSi~, n.adoncisa da aseve

Cveni kvleviT aq mdebareobdnen zemoT aRniSnuli saepisko-

posoebi. kerZod, zigana mdebareobda trapezuntis samxreTiT

70 km manZilze, sadac amJamad aris punqti gumuSxane. iqve mde-

bareobda rodopolisis saepiskoposo kaTedra, kerZod re-

gionSi, sadac amJamad aris cnobili sumelas monasteri. adon-

cis cnobiT petras saepiskoposo kaTedra mdebareobda Teo-

dosopol-arzumsa da baiburT-paiperts Soris. xolo saisinis

saepiskoposo kaTedra ardasasa da Zvel qalaq nikopols Soris.

adoncis, ingoroyvas da aseve sxva mecnierebs miaCniaT,

rom pitiuntis saepiskoposo kaTedra IV saukuneSi mdebareob-

da of-rizes regionSi. es regioni rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT

gaaqristiana wmida ninom. Sesabamisad, pitiuntis kaTedra misi

daarsebulia. xorenacis cnobiT wmida ninom jer iqadaga klar-

jeTSi da Semdgom Sida iberiaSi. aseve gelasi kesarielis

30

cnobaSi wm. nino ixsenieba lazebis ganmanaTleblad. rogorc

iTqva, mcxeTaSi mosvlamde wm. ninos gaunaTlebia lazika VI s

10-20-ian wlebSi, am dros dauarsebia pitiuntis saepiskoposo

kaTedra, romlis episkoposma stratofilem monawileoba mi-

iRo 325 wlis I msoflio eklesiis muSaobaSi.

rogorc iTqva, Zveli qarTveli mTargmnelebi, rogorc mTaw-midelebi, ise sxvebi, sityva `lazikas~ miiCnevdnen ucxo sityvad.

isini `lazikis~ fard qarTul Sesatyvisad miiCnevdnen sityvas:

`sofeli megrelTa~, magaliTad, andrias ̀ mimosvlis~ Targmanis dros

maT sityva lazika Targmnes, rogorc ̀ trapezunti-sofeli megrel-

Ta~, da asea kidec Sesuli `qarTlis cxovrebis~ danarTSi (andrias

`mimosvlis~ aRwerisas).

aRsaniSnavia, rom igive Sesatyvisi `sofeli megrelTa~ Se-

sulia 691 wlis trulis saeklesio krebis episkoposTa xelis

moweraSic. dedanSia- `Teodore, episkoposi fasidisa, lazikaSi~.

rac qarTvelma mTargmnelma ase gadmoiRo - `Teodore, episkoposi

fasoAsa, sofelsa Sina megrelTasa~. aseve dedanSi ewera `ioane,

episkoposi qalaq petronisa, lazikaSi~, qarTvelma mTargmnelma

gadmoiRo `ioane, episkoposi qalaqisa petronisa, qveyanasa Sina

megrelTasa~.

cnobili istorikosis Tedo Jordania fiqrobda, rom fasidi

(qarTulad fasoi) foTs erqva, amitomac Tavis mier gamocemul

trulis krebis ksnonebs daurTo sakuTari komentari `fasoi-

foTsa ityvis~, sinamdvileSi ki qalaqi fasidi ufro samxreTiT

Woroxsa da trapezunts Soris mdebareobda.

maSasadame, unda davaskvnaT, rom krebas eswrebodnen Worox-

trapezuntis regionis qalaqebis qarTveli episkoposebi, magram,

radganac es regioni, imJamad, Sedioda bizantiis imperiis Semadgen-

lobaSi, aRniSnuli episkoposebi kanonikurad konstantinopolis

eklesiis iurisdiqcias miekuTvnebodnen.

aRniSnuli lazikis saepiskoposoebi mdebareobdnen

qarTvelTa istoriul samSobloSi, kerZod, trapezuntis re-

31

gionis qaldeas TemSi. maSasadame araa marTebuli amJamad mRe-

buli Tvalsazrisi, TiTqos ̀ afxazeTis sakaTalikosom Secvala

konstantinopolis sapatriarqos daqvemdebarebuli lazikis

samitropolito da abazgiis saarqiepiskoposo eparqiebi~.

rogorc iTqva afxazeTis sakaTalikoso qarTuli eklesiis wiaR-

Si Rmocenda, xolo abazgiis eparqia SeecdomiT amasiis epar-

qias uwoda gviani epoqis (XVII-XVIII ss.) xelnaweris gadamwerma.

18.09.2012

32

sarCevi

saqarTvelos wmida samociqulo da marTlmadidebeli eklesiis

iurisdiqciis sazRvrebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

a. saqarTvelos sapatriarqos Crdilo-dasavleTi sazRvari . . . 9

b. saqarTvelos sapatriarqos CrdiloeTis sazRvari . . . . . . . . . . 11

g. aRmosavleTis sazRvari . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

d. sazRvari samxreTiT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

urTierTdamokidebuleba sakaTalikosoTa Soris . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

wmida nino lazikis ganmanaTlebeli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22