8 kl/jt{gsf syfx¿ · 2018-08-31 · 8 kl/jt{gsf syfx¿ ... 4

;fd'bflos ljsf; sfo{qmd -l;l8lk_

kl/jt{gsf syfx¿

g]kfn u|fdL0f k'glg{df{0f ;+:yf -cf/cf/Pg_

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:ynut cWoog, n]vg tyf ;Dkfbg M tf]of uf}td

k|sfzg ldlt M ebf}, @)&%

k|sfzg ePsf] k|lt M %))

k|sfzs M

;fd'bflos ljsf; sfo{qmd -l;l8lk_g]kfn u|fdL0f k'glg{df{0f ;+:yf -cf/cf/Pg_kf]i6 aS; g+= M *!#) u}/Lwf/f dfu{, u}/Lwf/f, sf7df8f}+, g]kfn6]lnkmf]g M (&&–!–$))$(&^, $))$(*%,ˆofS; M (&&–!–$))$%)*, $$$#$($Od]n M [email protected],

j]a;fO6 M www.rrn.org.np/www.cdp.rrn.org.np

k|sfzg ;xof]u M o's] P8÷a]nfot ;/sf/sf] cGt/f{li6«o ;xof]u ljefu -l8=Pkm=cfO=l8=_

d'bs M P;=la= lk|G6;{ P08 klAns]zG;, sf7df8f}+

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;fd'bflos ljsf; sfo{qmd -l;l8lk_ a]nfot ;/sf/sf] ;xof]udf ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnoåf/f ;~rflnt :yfgLo zf;g tyf;fd'bflos ljsf; sfo{qmd -Pnlhl;l8lk_;Fu cfa4 sfo{qmd xf] . o;nfO{ g]kfn u|fdL0f k'glg{df{0f ;+:yf -cf/cf/Pg_sf] g]t[Tjdf ljZj vfB sfo{qmd /cS;kmf]8{ kf]ln;L Dofg]hd]06 ;lxtsf] sG;f]l6{odn] sfof{Gjog ul//x]sf] 5 .

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k|fSsyg 3

;fdflhs kl/rfng !

– 5fp x'Fbf klg 3/leq} a:5g\ – lrdf8'ª\u|Lsf dlxnfx¿ !– kL/ gdfg] x'G5, b]ptf l/;fpFb}gg\ @– rkL{ 5, ca /]l8of] ahfpg' kb}{g #– …klxn] u/f}F lzIffbfg, To;kl5 sGofbfgÚ $– l/ˆn]S6 sIffn] ubf{ ;dfg Hofnf %– r'lxg] ufu|Ln] NofPsf] kl/jt{g ^– :yfgLo ;|f]t–JolQm pkd]o/ algg\ &– 3/wGbfsf] sfdb]lv ;fdflhs sfo{stf{;Dd *

hLljsf]kfh{g (

– ;f]r / ;fwg b'j} ab\lng\ u'~hgfn] (

– sfo{qmdn] hLljsf]kfh{gsf] af6f] b]vfof] !)

– …cf;L ;dfpg]Ú elgPsf xftn] df]afOn agfpg hfg]kl5 !!– cfTdlge{/tftkm{ o'jtLx¿ !@– ljkGgsf nflu pkof]uL aGb}5, Rofpm v]tL !#– s'/f klg l;sfof], cfDbfgL klg a9fof] !$– ca Ol08of hfg' kb}{g !%– hLjgsf] ;xf/f–e]6]l/g/L tflnd !^– /fhld:qLsf] tflndn] NofPsf] v'zL !&– k"m;{b\sf] ;dodf klg cfDbfgL !*

– ;xf/f aGof] l;l8lk !(– b'Mvsf] 3fpdf dnxd @)– tflndn] abNof] – lhGbuLsf] af6f] @!

k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f @@

– cw'/f] of]hgf klg cfk;L tfnd]n / ;xsfo{n] k"/f x'g] @@– blnt afnaflnsfn] kfP–pko'Qm sIff sf]7fx¿ @#– sNe6{ lgdf{0fn] ;a}nfO{ ;'ljwf @$– Pp6} lgdf{0f sfo{af6 bf]xf]/f] of]ubfg @%– ca vf]nfdf kfgL lng hfg' kb}{g @^– sIff sf]7f lgdf{0f – cfZro{ / v'zL b'j} @&– vNtLsf] j8f sfof{no ca cfˆg} ejgdf ;g]{ @*– ;a}n] ldn]/ ubf{ ;kmn ag]sf] sfd @(– rrf{ 5 – k|;"tL u[xsf] #)

;'zf;g #!

– …cª\s–kq tflnsfÚn] NofPsf] ;'wf/ #!

ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f #@

– nfnas}of lsgf/df ljkb;Fu h'e\mb} #@

;dGjo ##

– dGqL eG5g\, …csf]{ cjlw klg h¿/L 5Ú ##

ljifo;"rL

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k|fSsygg]kfn ;/sf/ / a]nfot ;/sf/sf] ;xof]udf ;~rflnt ;fd'bflosljsf; sfo{qmd -l;l8lk_ dfgj ljsf; ;"rsfª\s / ;]jf k|jfxsfb[li6sf]0fn] k5fl8 kfl/Psf k|b]z g+= ! / @ sf gf}j6f lhNnfx¿ -;'g;/L, ;Kt/L, l;/xf, wg'iff, ;nf{xL, dxf]Q/L, /f}tx6, af/f / k;f{_tyf k|b]z g+= ^ -s0ff{nL_ / & sf gf}j6f lhNnfx¿ -hfh/sf]6,sflnsf]6, h'Dnf, x'Dnf, d'u', 8f]Nkf, c5fd, afh'/f / aemfª_ u/L hDdf!* lhNnfsf !#! ufpF÷gu/kflnsfleqsf $)^ j6f j8fx¿df;~rflnt 5 . g]kfn ;/sf/åf/f ;~rflnt :yfgLo zf;g tyf;fd'bflos ljsf; sfo{qmd -Pnlhl;l8lk_sf] k"/s sfo{qmdsf] ¿kdf/x]sf] ;fd'bflos ljsf; sfo{qmd g]kfn u|fdL0f k'glg{df{0f ;+:yf -cf/cf/Pg_sf] g]t[Tjdf ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3 ljZj vfB sfo{qmd -o'=Pg=8An'=Pkm=lk=_ / cS:kmf]8{ kf]ln;L Dofg]hd]06 -cf]=lk=Pd=_;lxtsf] sG;f]l6{od dfkm{t\ sfof{Gjog eO/x]sf] 5 .

o; sfo{qmdn] ef}uf]lns lx;fan] b'u{d, sl7g tyf cfly{s, ;fdflhs/ ;f+:s[lts lx;fan] zf]if0f, lje]b / alxis/0fdf kfl/Psf l;dfGts[t;]jfu|fxL ;d'bfonfO{ ;zQmLs/0f ub}{ pgLx¿sf] hLljsf]kfh{gdf ;'wf/ug{ cfocfh{gsf ljleGg ultljlwx¿ ;~rfng ul//x]sf] 5 . o;sf;fy} :yfgLo :t/df k|efjsf/L ;]jf k|jfxsf nflu :yfgLo ;/sf/Ltyf cGo ;]jf k|bfos lgsfox¿sf] Ifdtf clej[l4 tyf ltgLx¿sf];+:yfut ljsf;sf nflu ;d]t ;xof]u ul//x]sf] 5 . ;du|df eGg'kbf{o; sfo{qmdn] ;fdflhs kl/rfng, ;'zf;g k|j4{g, hLljsf]kfh{g,ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f / ef}lts k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0fsf ljifout If]qx¿dfsfd ul//x]sf] 5 .

;g\ @)!% b]lv ;~rflnt o; sfo{qmdsf s]xL lqmofsnfkx¿, vf;u/L:yfgLo lgsfosf] df}h'bf ;+/rgf, k|0ffnL / k|lqmofx¿nfO{ ;dfa]zL,pQ/bfoL / kf/bzL{ agfpg] ljleGg lqmofsnfkx¿ /fHosf] k'g;{+/rgfcg'?k x]/km]/ eO{ ;~rfng ePsf 5g\ . ;fgf–;fgf ef}lts k"jf{{wf/lgdf{0fdf ;xof]u ul//x]sf] o; sfo{qmdn] clxn] cfP/ g]kfn ;/sf/sf]l8hfOg tyf dfkb08 cg'?ksf ^ j6f lhNnfsf Ps–Ps j6f j8fdf

j8f sfof{nosf] ejg lgdf{0fsf] sfd klg ul//x]sf] 5 . clwsf/dfcfwfl/t ljsf;, n}+lus tyf ;fdflhs ;dfj]zLs/0f, k|To]s r/0fdf;fj{hlgs n]vf k/LIf0f ug]{ cjwf/0ff / ljkb\ Joj:yfkgnfO{sfo{qmdsf ;a} lqmofsnfkx¿df d"nk|jfxLs/0f u/]sf] o; sfo{qmdn]lbuf] tyf Gofof]lrt ljsf;sf nflu o; cjwf/0ffnfO{ ;a} txdf:yfkgf ug]{ /0fgLltsf ;fy sfd ul//x]sf] 5 .

k|:t't k|sfzg ;fd'bflos ljsf; sfo{qmdsf] ;xof]udf ;~rflntljleGg lqmofsnfkx¿sf] dfWodaf6 xfd|f nlIft ;d'bfosf] hLjgdfcfPsf] kl/jt{g / :yfgLo ;]jf k|bfosx¿sf] ;]jf k|jfx tyf sfo{k|0ffnLdf k/]sf] k|efjsf af/]df tof/ kfl/Psf k|ltlglwd"ns 36gfcWoogx¿sf] ;Fufnf] xf] . o;af6 kf7sx¿nfO{ ;fd'bflos ljsf;sfo{qmdn] cjnDag u/]sf] sfo{ k|0ffnL, k|lqmof / To;af6 k|fKtpknlAwx¿sf] cfsng ug{ ;3fp k'Ug]5 eGg] s'/fdf xfdL cfzfjfbL5f}+ .

;fd'bflos ljsf; sfo{qmdsf nflu cfly{s ;xof]u ug]{ o"s] P8÷a]nfot ;/sf/sf] cGt/f{li6«o ljsf; ljefu -l8=Pkm=cfO{=l8=_ tyfsfo{qmdsf] sfof{Gjogsf nflu cfjZos gLltut lgb]{zg, ;+of]hg tyfk|lqmofut ;xhLs/0fsf nflu g]kfn ;/sf/, vf;u/L ;+3Lo dfdnftyf ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnok|lt xflb{s cfef/ k|s6 ub{5' .

of] k'l:tsfdf ;+u|lxt 36gf cWoogx¿sf] n]vg tyf ;Dkfbg ug'{x'g]:jtGq ljsf; ;~rf/sdL{ tf]of uf}tdnfO{ wGojfb 1fkg ub{5' .o;sf ;fy} sfo{qmdaf6 xfl;n ePsf pTs[i6 pknlAwx¿sf nflusfo{qmdsf] sfof{Gjogdf ;+nUg x'g'ePsf ;Dk"0f{ sd{rf/Lx¿, vf;u/Lsfo{If]q cfwfl/t sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ ljz]if wGojfb lbg rfxG5' .

1fgaxfb'/ clwsf/Lsfo{sf/L lgb]{zsg]kfn u|fdL0f k'glg{df{0f ;+:yf -cf/cf/Pg_

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cfhsn d'u' lhNnfsf] vTof8 ufpFkflnsf,j8f g+= $, lrdf8'ª\u|Lsf dlxnfx¿ /h:jnfePsf a]nfdf klg klxn]h:tf] 3/aflx/c;'/lIft 5fpuf]7df a:b}gg\ . o:tf] a]nfpgLx¿ 3/leq} ;'Tg yfn]sf 5g\ .

:yfgLo gful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb|sL @^ jifL{ofljdnf yfkf elG5g\, …klxn] t 5fp -/h:jnf_ ePsf a]nf kfFrlbg;Dd 3/leqa:g' x'Fb}g eGg] rng lyof] . xfdL3/aflx/sf] ufO{j:t' afFWg] kmf]xf]/ / cf]l;nf]uf]7df ;'TYof}F . ;fx«} d'l:sn x'GYof] .lr;f]sf] ;d:of x'GYof] . ;k{, sL/f /:ofnx¿n] ;d]t 6f]Sg] kf] x'g\ ls eg]/ 8/nfUYof] . bxL, b"w klg vfg x'Gg eGy] . /f]6L/ g"g vfP/ hLjg wfGYof}F . ufpFdf l;l8lk -;d'bfo ljsf; sfo{qmd_ sf] ;xof]udfgful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb| u7g eP/ To;df5nkmn x'g yfn]kl5 dfq} ;a}sf cfFvf v'n] . xfdLn] To:tf] a]nf emg\ kf]lifnf] vfg]s'/f vfg'kg]{ /x]5 . ;/;kmfOdf Wofglbg'kg]{ /x]5 . of] s'/f klg gful/s ;r]tgfs]Gb|af6} l;Sof}F .Ú

5fp uf]7af6 dlxnfx¿nfO{ 3/leq Nofpgof]ubfg lbg] …gful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb|Ú @)&#h]7df lrdf8'ª\u|Ldf ;'? ePsf] xf] . o;s]Gb|sf dlxnfx¿n] …l/ˆn]S6 ljlwÚ åf/fcfˆgf clwsf/, cfk"mn] hfGg'kg]{ s'/fx¿ /

;fdflhs ¿kfGt/0fsf af/]df :yfgLo ;|f]t–JolQmsf] ;xhLs/0fdf %@ xKtf;Dd5nkmn u/]sf lyP . oxL l;nl;nfdfpgLx¿n] 5fpk8L k|yfsf af/]df klg5nkmn u/] / of] k|yfnfO{ ufpFaf6} x6fpgcfk"mx¿n] cleofg rnfP . o:tf]cleofgcGtu{t @)&$ ;fnsf] df3dlxgfdf …5fpk8L k|yf x6fpg' k5{Ú, …uf]7df;'Tg' x'Fb}gÚ h:tf gf/fx¿ nufpFb} ufpFdf¥ofnL lgsfn] / b]p8f uLt k|ltof]lutf;d]t cfof]hgf u/] .

:yfgLo ;/sf/sf] ¿kdf /x]sf] ;f] j8fsLlgjf{lrt dlxnf ;b:o l;4f yfkf klggful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb|sf dlxnf lbbLalxgLn]5fpk8L k|yflj?4 rnfPsf] o:tf]cleofgaf6 lgs} v'zL l5g\ . pgL cfkm}Fklg o:tf sfo{qmddf EofP;Dd ;xefuLx'g] u/]sL l5g\ . l;4fnfO{ Toltv]/ 5fpk8Lk|yf lj?4 ufOPsf uLtsf s]xL 6'qmfx¿cem} ofb 5g\ . To;a]nfsf] b]p8fk|ltof]lutfdf ufOPsf] Pp6f uLtsf] 6'qmfpgn] ;'gfOg\M

…ufpF3/ j/k/ kf6L kf}jfeGbf 5'O{ x'Fbf] 5,dlxnfsg x]nfF ubf{ dg xfd|f] ?Fbf] 5 .Ú

l;4f ylK5g\, …ca lrdf8'ª\u|Lsf dlxnfx¿n]o;/L ?g' kb}{g . ufpFdf /x]sf sl/a ^%

3/kl/jf/sf ;a} dlxnfx¿ gful/s ;r]tgfs]Gb|sf] of] cleofgkl5 w]/} ;'/lIfteO;s]sf 5g\ .Ú

;d'bfo ljsf; sfo{qmdsf d'u' lhNnf;+of]hs df]xg efd / pgsf] ;Dk"0f{ 6Ld …sd;]sd dlxnfx¿sf] hLjg ;'/lIftt'Nofpg of] Pp6f /fd|f] pknlAw xfl;nePsf]Ú ljrf/ JoQm u5{g\ .

lrdf8'ª\u|Lsf &@ jifL{o h]i7 k'¿if g}gyfkfsf] ljrf/df klg /h:jnf ePsfdlxnfx¿ uf]7df kz'j:t';Fu a:g'eGbf3/leq cfkmGthg;Fu} a:g' w]/} /fd|f] s'/f xf] . pgL cfˆg} efiffdf eG5g\, …dfG7fn] -dfG5]n]_ dfG7};Fu a:g' l7s} t xf],cfhsnsf] hdfgfdf klg Sofg -lsg_uf]¿sf] uf]7df a:g' <Ú

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5fp x'Fbf klg 3/leq} a:5g\ – lrdf8'ª\u|Lsf dlxnfx¿

;fdflhs kl/rfng

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…s] xfd|f] ;dfhdf rflxF b]jL–b]ptf 5}gg\ <x]g{ cfpg'xf];\, xfd|f dlxnfx¿ /h:jnf ePsfa]nf 5fpuf]7df ga:bf klg s]xL ePsf] 5}g .dlxgfdf @* lbg;Dd 3/df a:g], afFsL lbglsg uf]7df a:g] < s] xfdL kz' xf}F < xf]Ogf}Feg] ;a}lbg xfdL ;a}n] 3/d} a:g'k5{ . s'g}b]ptf l/;fpFb}gg\ .Ú c5fd lhNnfsf] ;fFkm]au/gu/kflnsfsf] j8f g+= !@ sf j8fcWoIfk|sfz /fgf :yfgLo afl;Gbfx¿nfO{ ;Demfpg]u5{g\ .

g]kfndf 5fpk8L k|yfn] ;a}eGbf a9L h/fuf8]sf] lhNnfx¿dWo]df kg]{ c5fd lhNnfsf];fFkm]au/ gu/kflnsfsf j8f g+= !), !!, !@/ !$ df clxn] :yfgLo ;/sf/ g} o;

k|yflj?4 h'l6/x]sf] 5 . o:tf] k|yf cGTosfnflu cfjZos kg]{ ;|f]t ;d]t :yfgLo;/sf/s} tkm{af6 5'6\ofP/ / sfo{of]hgf;d]t agfP/ lg/Gt/ ljleGg lsl;dsfcleofgx¿ ;~rfng ug{ yflnPsf 5g\ .o;df ;d'bfo ljsf; sfo{qmdsf];xhLs/0fdf u7g eO{ ;lqmo /x]sf :yfgLogful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb|x¿n] ljz]ifcleofgx¿sf ;fy ;3fO/x]sf 5g\ .

o:t} cleofgsf] Pp6f pbfx/0f xf], @)&$;fn ebf} @$ ut] ;f] If]qsf !$ j6f gful/s;r]tgf s]Gb|x¿sf] ;+o'Qm cfof]hgfdf;~rfng ul/Psf] xhf/f}F dflg;x¿ ;xefuLePsf] ¥ofnL tyf ljz]if sfo{qmd . ;f]sfo{qmd To; If]qsf gful/s ;r]tgfs]Gb|x¿sf ;xhstf{, j8f ;ldltsfhgk|ltlglw / l;l8lksf] ;+o'Qm a}7ssf]lg0f{ocg';f/ cfof]hgf ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmd ;~rfng x'g] lbg ;a}gful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb| / j8fcWoIfsf]cu'jfOdf Aofg/ / Kn]sf8{ af]s]sf xhf/f}Fsf];ª\Vofsf :yfgLo afl;Gbfn] gf/f–h'n'; ;lxt¥ofnL lgsfn]sf lyP . ¥ofnLsf] d'Vo ;Gb]zlyof], …5fpk8L s';+:sf/ lj¿4sf] xfd|f]cleofg, 5fpuf]7 d'Qm j8fsf] lgdf{0f .Ú¥ofnLsf] cGTodf cfof]lht ljz]if sfo{qmddf:yfgLo ;/sf/sf k|ltlglw tyf ;dfhsf

ljleGg JolQmx¿n] 5fpk8L k|yf cGTo ug}{kg]{/ o; k|yfnfO{ sfod /fVg vf]Hg]dflysf/afxL ug'{kg]{ ljrf/ JoQm u/]sf lyP .sfo{qmdsf] aLr–aLrdf 5fpk8L k|yflj¿4;Gb]zd"ns b]p8f uLtx¿ klg ufOPsf lyP .

of] ljz]if sfo{qmdeGbf klxn]b]lv g} :yfgLogful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb|x¿df 5fpk8Lh:tf]s';+:sf/ ;dfhaf6 cGTo ug'{kg]{ ljifodfdlxnfx¿n] 5nkmn ub}{ cfPsf lyP .ToxfFsf gful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb| / :yfgLo;/sf/n] cfk;df ldn]/ of] k|yf x6fpgsfo{of]hgf klg lgdf{0f u/]sf 5g\ .sfo{of]hgfdf 5fpk8Ld'Qm j8f lgdf{0fsfnflu s] ug]{, slxn] ug]{, sxfF ug]{, s;n] ug]{/ slt ah]6 nfUg] jf gnfUg] eGg] s'/f klgpNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . o;}u/L sfo{of]hgfdfpNn]v ul/Psf lqmofsnfk / 5fpk8Lsf]cj:yfsf ;DaGwdf cg'udg ug{ :yfgLohgk|ltlglwx¿sf] ;lqmo e"ldsf /xg]u/L …cg'udg ;ldltÚ klg u7g ul/Psf] 5 .

l;l8lk c5fd lhNnf ;+of]hs eLdaxfb'/dx/sf cg';f/ clxn] klg ;f] If]qdfsfo{of]hgf cg'¿k g} lqmofsnfk / cg'udgsfo{x¿ eO/x]sf 5g\ . pgL eG5g\, …o:tf];xsfo{sf] ;'?cftkl5 ToxfFsf clwsf+z3/kl/jf/sf dlxnf ;b:ox¿ /h:jnf ePsfa]nf 5fpuf]7df hfg 5f8]sf 5g\ .Ú

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kL/ gdfg] x'G5, b]ptf l/;fpFb}gg\


…gful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb|d] k9–lnvs] l;vlnof – ;/;kmfO eun]ta b'Mv–ladf/ gxLF x'O{ .Ú

-gful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb|df n]vk9 u/]/ l;Sof}F – ;/;kmfO eof] eg]b'Mv–ljdf/ x'Fb}g ._ of] egfO xf], …nIdL gful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb|ÚsL$) jifL{of ;b:o hLj5L dx/fsf] . wg'iff lhNnfsf] hgsk'/pkdxfgu/kflnsf, j8f g+= !&, dfgl;+x t]tl/ofsf] dx/f 6f]ndf/x]sf dlxnfx¿n] of] s]Gb| @)&# ;fn j}zfvdf u7g u/]sf x'g\ .

;d'bfo ljsf; sfo{qmd -l;l8lk_sf] ;xof]udf u7g ePsf] o;s]Gb|sL cWoIf /]g'b]jL dx/f cfk"mx¿n] …l;s]sf] dfq geO{ l;s]sfw]/} s'/fnfO{ cleofgs} ¿kdf Jojxf/d} nfu" ug{ yfn]sf]ÚatfpFl5g\ . o;sf] Pp6f pbfx/0fsf] ¿kdf pgL cfˆgf] 6f]ndfckgfpg yflnPsf] ;/;kmfOnfO{ lnlG5g\ .

dx/f hfltsf dflg;x¿ a;f]af; ug]{ of] 6f]n :yfgLodlxnfx¿sf cg';f/ …klxn] w]/} g} kmf]xf]/ lyof] .Ú oxfFsf $#3/w'/LdWo] rf/–kfFr 3/df dfq rkL{ lyof] . 6f]nleqsf] af6f]dfhtftt} s]6fs]6Lx¿sf] lb;f x'GYof] . jo:sx¿ rflxF nf]xf]6f /af]tndf kfgL af]s]/ 6f]n glhssf] rf}/lt/ lb;f a:g hfGy] .

:yfgLo ;ul/of dx/f clncln nhfpFb} / xfF:b} elG5g\, …xfdLdlxnfnfO{ t lbpF;f]sf] ;dodf lb;f hfg ;fFRr} w]/} g} d'l:snlyof] . lb;f gnfuf];\ eg]/ xfdL k]6 eg]{u/L vfgf g} vfFb}g lyof}F .xfdL slthgf t cFWof/f] ePkl5 v'nf 7fpFdf uP/ lb;f a:bf/]l8of] ahfpFYof}F . /]l8of]sf] cfjfhn] ;k{ / ljiffn' sL/fx¿ efu'g\/ g6f]s'g\ eg]/ o;f] ul/GYof] . ca t /]l8of] ahfpg' kb}{g .gful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb|df 5nkmn u/]kl5 ;a} 3/n] rkL{ agfP/k|of]u ug{ yfn]sf 5f}F .Ú

s'/fsfgLsf] l;nl;nfdf 6f]nsf] glhs} /x]sf] gLdsf] ¿vd'lg e]nf

ePsf dlxnfx¿ lgs} ;kmf–;'U3/ b]lvGy] . 6f]nsf] uNnL / 3/–cfFug ;d]t lgs} ;kmf lyP . uNnLdf v]ln/x]sf afnaflnsf klgkmf]xf]/L lyPgg\ . j:tLsf 3/}lkR5] rkL{x¿ lyP . s]xL rkL{x¿cjnf]sg ubf{ tL ;kmf lyP / aflN6g\df kfgLsf] klg Joj:yfu/]sf] b]lvGYof] . oL dlxnfx¿sf] gful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb|sL :yfgLo;xhstf{ ljefs'df/L dx/fsf] ljZn]if0f 5, …ca t klxn]eGbf w]/}kl/jt{g cfO;Sof] .Ú

csL{ :yfgLo dlxnf lg/f]b]jL dx/f o;af6 cfk"mx¿sf] k|lti7fa9]sf] / cfˆgf 5f]/f5f]/Lsf] :jf:Yodf ;'wf/ cfPsf]n] bf]xf]/f]kmfObf ePsf] 7flG5g\ . pgL k|i6\ofpFl5g\, …;/;kmfO ePkl5 t;dfhdf klxn]eGbf cfhsn xfdLnfO{ c¿x¿n] x]Kg] rng klgsd ePsf] 5 . s]6fs]6L / c¿ dflg;x¿nfO{ klxn]sf] t'ngfdf8fol/of, emf8fkvfnf, 6fOkmfO8, Hj/f] cfpg] h:tf la/fdL klglgs} sd x'g yfn]sf] 5 .Ú

3

;fdflhs kl/rfng

rkL{ 5, ca /]l8of] ahfpg' kb}{g


@)&$ ;fn k'; ^ ut] wg'iff lhNnfsf]zxLbgu/df /x]sf rf/j6f gful/s ;r]tgfs]Gb|sf dlxnfx¿n] afnljjfx lj?4 ;of}Fsf];ª\Vofdf ;xefuL eP/ ¥ofnL lgsfn] .¥ofnLsf] d'Vo gf/f lyof] – …kxn] s¿lzIffbfg, ta s? sGofbfg .Ú

pgLx¿n] ¥ofnLdfq geO{ afnljjfx lj¿4c¿ klg ljleGg lqmofsnfkx¿ ug]{ u/]sf5g\ . gful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb|sf ;b:ox¿n];fdflhs ljs[lt x6fpg] sfd cfkm}Faf6 ;'?ug'{k5{ eg]/ @)&$ ;fn j}zfv @& ut]cfˆgf] kl/jf/df afnljjfx x'g glbg] lg0f{ou/]sf 5g\ . s]Gb|sL ;b:o ;'zLnfb]jLdx/fsf] kl/jf/df s]xL dlxgfcl3 cfˆgL !#jif{sL 5f]/Lsf] ljjfx ul/lbg] ls eGg]s'/fsfgL rNof] . pgn] s]Gb|df ePsf]

5nkmn / lg0f{osf cfwf/df kl/jf/sf;b:ox¿nfO{ ;DemfpFb} clxn] 5f]/Lsf] ljjfxug]{ a]nf ePsf] 5}g eg]kl5 ;a}n] ;f] s'/fdfg]/ ljjfx /f]lsPsf] ;'zLnfn] atfOg\ .

cfˆgf] kl/jf/ afx]s klg ufpFdf st}afnljjfx x'g nfu]sf] yfxf kfP eg]gful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb|sf dlxnfx¿ ToxfFk'U5g\ / To;f] ug{ nfu]sf] kl/jf/nfO{ e]6]/;DemfpF5g\ . ;DemfpFbf s;}n] dfg]gg\ eg]k|x/LnfO{ va/ ug]{ lg0f{o ePsf] :yfgLo;~hLtf kf;jfgn] s]Gb|sf] lg0f{o k'l:tsfdf/x]sf] lg0f{o b]vfpFb} pNn]v ul/g\ .

5f]/Lsf] pd]/ gk'uL ;fg}df ljjfx ubf{ pgL/f]uL x'g], pgsf ;Gtfg klg /fd|f gx'g] /5f]/Ln] w]/} b'Mv kfpg] s'/f pgLx¿n]a'lem;s]sf 5g\ . of] s'/f ;d'bfo ljsf;sfo{qmd -l;l8lk_sf] ;xof]udf %@xKtf;Dd rn]sf] gful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb|sf] …l/ˆn]S6 sIffÚaf6 yfxf kfPsf] :yfgLodlxnf cg'lkof b]jL / ;'zLnf dx/f pNn]vu5{g\ . afnljjfx lj?4 gful/s ;r]tgfs]Gb|n] lg0f{o u/]/ o;nfO{ /f]Sg cleofg;d]t ;~rfng u/]kl5 ufpFdf s'g}afnljjfx gePsf] pgLx¿sf] egfO 5 .

;f] If]q x]g]{ ;d'bfo ;xof]u sfo{qmdsLlkmN8 ;'k/efOh/ zLnf bfxfnsf cg';f/

;d'bfosf h]i7 dlxnf ;b:ox¿n] ;d]ts]Gb|sf dlxnfx¿sf] of] cleofgnfO{ ;fylbPsf 5g\ . o:tf] cleofg ;~rfngePkl5 ;f] ufpFdf pd]/ gk'u]sL 5f]/LnfO{ljjfx ul/lbg] eGbf ljBfno k7fpg] rnga9\g yfn]sf] 5 .

4

;fdflhs kl/rfng

klxn] u/f}+ lzIff bfg, To;kl5 sGofbfg


…klxn] xfdL dlxnfx¿ Hofnf sd vfGYof}F,k'?ifx¿ w]/} Hofnf vfGy] . clxn] t xfdLklg ;dfg Hofnf bfaL ug{;Sg] eof}F .Ú8f]Nkf lhNnfsf] lqk'/f;'Gb/L gu/kflnsf,j8f g+= ! df /x]sf] lqk'/f;'Gb/L gful/s;r]tgf s]Gb|sL ;b:o wgdfof ;fsL{;dfg sfdsf nflu dlxnfn] klg ;dfgHofnf kfpg' dlxnfsf] clwsf/ xf] eGg]s'/f ca cfk"mx¿nfO{ yfxf eO;s]sf]atfpFl5g\ .

wgdfofsf cg';f/ pgLx¿n] of] s'/fcfˆgf] ufpFdf l;l8lk -;d'bfo ljsf; sfo{qmd_sf] ;xof]u /;xhLs/0fdf u7g eO{ ;lqmo /x]sf]gful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb|sf] …l/ˆn]S6 sIffÚdful/Psf] 5nkmnaf6 yfxf kfPsf x'g\ .wgdfof ylK5g\, …gful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb|df%@ xKtf;Dd ePsf] 5nkmnaf6 xfdLn]w]/} s'/f l;Sof}F . 5fp k|yf 7Ls xf]Og eGg]hfGof}F . dlxnf clwsf/af/] klg 1fg eof] . 3/]n' lx+;fh:tf s'/Lltx¿ sd ug{klg xfdL k|of; ul//x]sf 5f}F . ;dfgsfdsf nflu ;dfg Hofnf klg oxLFaf6l;s]sf] xf] .Ú

wgdfofx¿sf] ufpFdf @)&@ ;fnb]lvl;l8lk ;'? ePsf] xf] . l;l8lk ;'? ePsf]nuQ} cyf{t\ @)&@ dª\l;/ @^ ut] o;sfo{qmdcGtu{t u7g ePsf] lqk'/f;'Gb/Lgful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb|df ufpFsf #! hgfdlxnfx¿ e]nf eP/ xKtfsf] Pslbgcfˆgf clwsf/ / cfk"m Pjd\ cfˆgf];d'bfosf nflu hfGg}kg]{ s'/fx¿df5nkmn ug{ yfn]sf x'g\ . o;} qmddfPslbg p:t} sfd ubf{ klg k'?ifsf]t'ngfdf dlxnfn] lsg Hofnf sd kfPsfx'g\ eGg] s'/fdf 5nkmn rNof] . To;a]nfk'?ifn] lbge/ sfd ubf{ %)) ?k}ofF HofnfkfpFy] t/ dlxnfnfO{ eg] ToxL sfddf#)) b]lv $)) ?k}ofF;Dd dfq Hofnflbg] k|rng lyof] . pgLx¿ o:tf] c;dfgHofnf 7Ls xf]Og / cab]lv dlxnfx¿n]klg ;dfg Hofnf lng'k5{ eGg] lgisif{dfk'u] .

gful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb|sf] o:tf] lgisif{sf]nuQ} ufpFdf lxdHof]lt cfwf/e"tljBfnosf] ejg lgdf{0f sfo{dfdlxnfx¿n] klg sfd kfP . o; sfddfpgLx¿n] ;dfg Hofnf bfaL u/] .dlxnfx¿sf] of] Gofof]lrt bfaLnfO{:jLsf/ ul/of] / pgLx¿nfO{ ;dfg

sfdsf nflu k'?ifnfO{ ;/x ;dfg HofnflbOof] . of] 36gf ufpFdf dlxnf lj?4sf]c;dfgtf / >d zf]if0f tf]8\g] Pp6fdxTjk"0f{ s8L aGof] . l;l8lk 8f]Nkfsf;+of]hs 5lj tfdfªsf cg';f/ …xfngful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb|sf :yfgLodlxnfx¿n] ;a} If]qdf ;dfg Hofnf bfaLug{ yfn]sf 5g\ . o;sf] k|efj qmdzMgful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb|df ;b:o gePsf /j/k/sf dlxnfx¿df klg kg{ yfn]sf] 5 .Ú

5

;fdflhs kl/rfng

l/ˆn]S6 sIffn] ubf{ ;dfg Hofnf


cfhsn h'Dnf lhNnfsf] tftf]kfgL ufpFkflnsf, j8f g+= ^ df/x]sf] /fjtjf8f ufpFdf hfF8–/S;L vfP/ xf]xNnf ug]{ qmd aGbePsf] 5 . j}zfvLsf] ;xf/f lnP/ lxF8\8'n ug]{ :yfgLo $* jifL{odgaxfb'/ sfdL eG5g\, …klxn] t hfF8–/S;Ln] ubf{ xfd|f] ufpFdflbgdf klg /ftdf klg v'a emu8f x'GYof] . xf]xNnf klg TolQs} .clxn] t w]/} zflGt eof] .Ú

of] kl/jt{g ;d'bfo ljsf; sfo{qmd -l;l8lk_ cGtu{t ufpFdfu7g ePsf j;Gt / pQd gful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb|sf dlxnfx¿n]rnfPsf] ;fdflhs cleofgn] ubf{ cfPsf] xf] . j;Gt gful/s;r]tgf s]Gb|sL ;+of]hs tf/f k/fh'nLsf cg';f/ o;sf] d'Vo >]o

gful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb|sf] …l/ˆn]S6 sIffÚdf ul/Psf] …r'lxg] ufu|LljZn]if0fÚnfO{ hfG5 . l/ˆn]S6 sIffdf :yfgLo dlxnfx¿n] xfdLlsg ul/a ePsf 5f}F eGg] af/]df 5nkmn ubf{ …r'lxg] ufu|LÚsf]pbfx/0f cfof] . ufu|L r'lxg] ePkl5 To;df dflyaf6 hlt kfgLxfn] klg cgfjZos ¿kdf r'lxP/ uO{ ;lsG5 . ufu|Ldf kfgLc8\ofpg] xf] eg] ufu|Lsf r'lxg] Kjfnx¿ 6fNg'k5{ . o;pbfx/0fcGtu{t :yfgLo dlxnfx¿n] cfˆgf] kl/jf/df hlt d]xgtu/]/ b'O{–rf/ k};f sdfP klg gcl8g'sf] sf/0f r'lxg] Kjfnx¿x'g' g} xf] eGg] lgSof]{n u/] . o:tf Kjfnx¿ dWo]sf] 7"nf] KjfnrflxF hfF8–/S;L ;]jgdf vr{ x'g] ug'{ g} xf] eGg] pgLx¿sf]7DofO{ /Xof] . pQd gful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb|sL ;+of]hs hfnu]8LsfdLn] pNn]v ul/g\, …of] Kjfn t æwgsf] gf]S;fgL, hLpsf]lah]tLÆ ug]{ vfnsf] 7"n} Kjfn xf] . g6fnL gx'g] . ToxL eP/ o;KjfnnfO{ aGb ug'{k5{ eg]/ xfdLn] cleofg rnfof}F .Ú

gful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb|sf] lg0f{ocg';f/ :yfgLo dlxnfx¿n] @)&$;fnsf] kmfu'g !* ut]sf lbg ufpFdf hfF8–/S;L lj?4 gf/f–h'n'; lgsfn] . o; cleofgcGtu{t cfOGbfb]lv s;}n] hfF8–/S;LvfP/ xf]xNnf / emu8f u/]sf] kfOPdf dlxnfx¿n] sf/afxL ug]{s'/f ;d'bfodf hfgsf/L u/fOof] . To;kl5 ufpFsf dflg;x¿n]hfF8–/S;L vfg w]/} sd u/]sf] / xf]xNnf / emu8f aGb ePsf]hfnu]8L atfpFl5g\ .

:yfgLo j8f cWoIf ljzfn v8\sf yK5g\, …gful/s ;r]tgfs]Gb|sf dlxnfx¿n] hfF8–/S;L dfq geO{ ufpFdf /x]sf h"jf–tf;v]Ng]h:tf cGo ljs[ltx¿ klg aGb ug{ k|of; ul//x]sf 5g\ .o:tf k|of;n] ubf{ ;fdflhs ;'wf/sf If]qdf j8f ;ldltnfO{ 7"n};xof]u k'lu/x]sf] 5 .Ú

6

;fdflhs kl/rfng

r'lxg] ufu|Ln] NofPsf] kl/jt{g


…l;l8lk -;d'bfo ljsf; sfo{qmd_ df ;+nUggePsL eP zfob d clxn] of] pkd]o/sf]kbdf x'g] lyOFg . l;l8lk t d]/f] hLjgsf]u'¿ g} aGof] .Ú dxf]Q/L lhNnfsf] e+uxfgu/kflnsfsL pkk|d'v u+ufb]jL l;+x bg'jf/l;l8lkdf :yfgLo ;|f]t–JolQmsf] ¿kdf sfdubf{sf] cg'ejn] g} cfk"m :yfgLo txsf]uPsf] lgjf{rgdf pDd]b\jf/ ag]sL / r'gfjlht]sf] pNn]v ul5{g\ .

pgsf >Ldfg\ klg …l;l8lkn] g} pgnfO{ækm/jf8{Æ -cu|0fL_ agfPsf], ;dfhdflrgfPsf] / pgsf] Ifdtf clej[l4 u/]sf]ÚatfpF5g\ .

l;/xf lhNnfsf] hfgsL gu/df hGd]sLu+ufb]jL ljjfx eP/ dxf]Q/Lsf] e+uxf cfPsLx'g\ . pgnfO{ klxn]b]lv g} 3/sf] rf}3]/fdf;Lldt eP/ a:g'eGbf ;dfhdf lg:s]/ s]xLsfd ug{] dg lyof] . pgn] o:tf] cj;/vf]lh/x]s} a]nf @)&# ;fndf pgsf] ufpFdfl;l8lk ;'? eof] . ;f] sfo{qmdn] ufpFsfdlxnfx¿nfO{ gful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb|df;ª\ul7t u/L pgLx¿sf nflu ljleGgpkof]uL s'/fx¿ l;sfpg %@ xKtfsf] …l/ˆn]S6 sIffÚ ;~rfng ug]{eof] . To;sfnflu rflxg] Pshgf :yfgLo ;|f]t–JolQmsf]¿kdf pRr dfWolds txsf] hfFr lbP/

a;]sL u+ufb]jL 5flgOg\ . 5flgPkl5 gful/s;r]tgf s]Gb|sf] sIff ;~rfng ug{ rflxg]1fg / ;Lksf nflu l;l8lkn] pgnfO{ tflndlbof] . tflndkl5 pgL s]Gb|sf :yfgLodlxnfx¿nfO{ pgLx¿sf ;jfn, clwsf/,st{Jo, :yfgLo ;/sf/af6 dlxnf /pgLx¿sf kl/jf/n] kfpg' kg]{ ;]jf–;'ljwfnufotsf w]/} s'/fdf ;xhLs/0f ug{ yflng\ . o; cEof;af6 pgL ;d"x tyfa}7sdf 5nkmn ug]{, y'k|} dflg;x¿sfcufl8 pleP/ af]Ng], dlxnfx¿sf];lqmotfdf ;fdflhs cleofgx¿ ;~rfngug]{, nlIft ju{sf nflu of]hgf 5gf}6 tyflgdf{0f ug]{ h:tf s'/fx¿ hfGg] eOg\ .;dfhn] klg pgnfO{ lrGb} uof] . pgL s]Gb|sf lbbL–alxgL / ;dfhsfcGo ;b:ox¿nfO{ ;Demfpg ;Sg] algg\ .

u+ufb]jLsf] o:tf] Ifdtf b]v]/ pgn];xhLs/0f ul//x]sf] gful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb| //fhgLltdf ¿lr /fVg] pgsf] kl/jf/ b'j}n]pgnfO{ r'gfjdf pDd]b\jf/ aGg cfu|x u/] .;dfhsf nflu s]xL u/f}F eGg] efjgf ePsLpgn] cfˆgL k|ltåGåLnfO{ ;ft ;o dtn] kl5kfb}{ $ xhf/ $ ;o dt NofP/ r'gfj lhltg\ .

u+ufb]jLn] r'gfj lht]/ u/]sf] sfdnfO{:yfgLo afl;Gbfx¿ / :jo+ ;f] gu/sf gu/

k|d'vn] klg ;x«fPsf 5g\ . gu/ k|d'v;~hLjs'df/ ;fx eG5g\, …cGo w]/}gu/kflnsfsf pkd]o/x¿sf] t'ngfdf xfd|f]pkd]o/sf] sfd /fd|f] 5 .Ú :yfgLo afl;Gbf/fdafa' dxtf] yK5g\, …pkd]o/sf] sfdu/fOaf6 hgtf ax't} v'zL 5g\ . pxfFæPS6LeÆ -w]/} ;lqmo_ x'g'x'G5 / s;}nfO{e]befj gu/L ;a} kf6L{sf dfG5] / ul/a–b'MvLnfO{ ;dfg 9ª\un] ;]jf k'¥ofO/xg' ePsf]5 .Ú

l;l8lk–dxf]Q/Lsf cg';f/ u+ufb]jL h:tf:yfgLo ;|f]t–JolQm dfq geO{ ;f] lhNnfsf]ljleGg 7fpFsf gful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb|sf ^#hgf dlxnfx¿ :yfgLo txsf] r'gfjaf6ljleGg kbx¿df lgjf{lrt ePsf 5g\ .

7

;fdflhs kl/rfng

:yfgLo ;|f]t–JolQm pkd]o/ algg\


;Kt/L lhNnfsf] xg'dfggu/–sª\sflngL gu/kflnsf, j8f g+= $,dw'jfk'/sL sIff–!@ ;Ddsf] cWoog u/]sL cfzfs'df/L ofbj klxn]3/wGbf / v]taf/Ls} sfddf dfq ;Lldt lyOg\ . pgnfO{ ;dfhdflg:s]/ cfk"mn] ;s]sf] of]ubfg ug]{ / b'O{–rf/ k};f cfDbfgL klg u/Lkl/jf/nfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ OR5f lyof] . cfzfs'df/Lsf] of] OR5f clxn] k"/fePsf] 5 . pgL cfˆgf] hLjgdf ;fdflhs k|lti7f xfl;n ug{, ;dfhdfof]ubfg k'¥ofpg / ljleGg ;fdflhs ;ª\3–;+:yfx¿sf] gh/dfpko'Qm ;fdflhs sfo{stf{sf] ¿kdf lrlgg yfn]sL l5g\ .

;Kt/L lhNnfd} sfo{/t …dlxnf zflGt cg';Gwfg tyf ljsf; s]Gb|Úgfds ;fdflhs ;+:yfcGtu{t xfn x¿jf–r¿jfx¿sf] xs–clwsf/sfsfddf ;lqmo cfzfs'df/L oL ;a} s'/fsf] >]o l;l8lk -;d'bfo ljsf;sfo{qmd_nfO{ lblG5g\ . elG5g\, …d clxn] h] ug{ ;Sg] ePsL 5', Tof]l;l8lk s} of]ubfg xf] . l;l8lkn] g} dnfO{ w]/} s'/f l;sfof] . ddflg;x¿nfO{ ;Demfpg, ;xhLs/0f ug{ / :yfgLo lgsfo / ltgsf

clwsf/Lx¿;Fu s'/f ug{ ;Sg] ePsL 5' . :yfgLo ;|f]t–JolQmsf] ¿kdfsfd ug{ rfxg]x¿nfO{ pgLx¿n] ug'{kg]{ sfdsf af/]df l;sfpg klg;S5' .Ú

@)&# ;fnsf] ;'?lt/ cfzfs'df/Lsf] ufpFdf l;l8lk k|f/De ePkl5o;s} ;xof]u / ;xhLs/0fdf :yfgLo dlxnfx¿sf] gful/s ;r]tgfs]Gb| u7g ePsf] lyof] . ;f] s]Gb|sf nflu :yfgLo ;|f]t–JolQm lgo'Qmug'{kg]{ lyof] . s]Gb|s} l;kmfl/zdf cfzfs'df/L ;f] kbdf 5gf}6 eOg\ .5gf}6 ePkl5 pgn] …l/ˆn]S6Ú ljlwaf6 gful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb|sfdlxnfx¿nfO{ ;xhLs/0f ug{] tl/sfsf af/]df l;l8lkaf6 tflnd kfOg\/ ;xhLs/0f sfo{df h'l6g\ .

:yfgLo ;|f]t–JolQmsf] ¿kdf %@ xKtf;Dd :yfgLo dlxnfx¿nfO{;xhLs/0f ubf{ cg]sf}F ;fdflhs ;jfnx¿, 3'DtLsf]if kl/rfng, cfo–cfh{g, gful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb|h:tf dlxnfsf ;d"xx¿n] ug'{kg]{ sfd,a}7s ;~rfng, lg0f{o n]vg / :yfgLo lgsfodf kx'Fr clej[l4sfaf/]df cfkm}FnfO{ klg w]/} /fd|f] 1fg ePsf] cfzfs'df/L atfpFl5g\ .@)&$ ;fndf cfPsf] ljgfzsf/L af9Lsf a]nf pgn] :j–:k"mt{ ¿kdftYofª\s ;ª\sng / /fxt ;fdu|L ljt/0fdf k'¥ofPsf] of]ubfgnfO{:yfgLo ;d'bfo / j8f sfof{non] pRr ;x«fxgf ug]{ u/]sf 5g\ .

l;l8lkdf pgsf] sfdsf] cjlw ;DkGg ePkl5 pgsf] Ifdtf b]v]/ …j]nÚ gfds ;fdflhs ;+:yfn] cfzfs'df/LnfO{ ufpFnfO{ v'nf–lb;fd'Qmagfpg] cleofgdf ;xhLs/0f ug{ lgo'Qm u¥of] . Tof] sfd klg pgn];kmntfk"j{s ;DkGg ul/g\ . To;kl5 pgL xfn ul//x]sf] sfddf;lqmo x'g yfn]sL x'g\ . pgnfO{ o:tf lqmofsnfkdf ;lqmo x'g pgsf]kl/jf/n] klg ;xof]u ul//x]sf] 5 .

cfzfs'df/L oL sfdx¿af6 ;dfhdf of]ubfg ug{ ;lsPsf] / k|lti7fcfh{g ePsf] dfq geO{ kfl/>ldssf] /sdaf6 cfˆgf] 3/vr{ rnfpg/ >Ldfg\nfO{ d2t ug{ klg ;s]sf] pNn]v ul5{g\ .

8

;fdflhs kl/rfng

3/wGbfsf] sfdb]lv ;fdflhs sfo{stf{;Dd


cfˆgf] xftdf ljleGg lsl;dsf n'ufx¿ l;nfpg] ;Lk ePklgu'~hgf rf}w/L;Fu o;sf nflu pko'Qm d]lzg lyPg . Pp6fk'/fgf] d]lzg t lyof] t/ To;n] df]6f] sk8fx¿ l;nfpg ldNb}glyof] . t/ ca, To:tf] cj:yf 5}g . pgn] cfˆgf] ;LknfO{cfDbfgLsf] ;|f]tdf ab\ln;s]sL l5g\ .

l;/xf lhNnfsf] ;v'jf gGs/s6L ufpFkflnsf, j8f g+= % sLu'~hgf elG5g\, …l;l8lksf] ;xof]uaf6 d}n] ;a} lsl;dsf n'ufx¿l;nfpg ldNg] d]lzg lsg]F / cfk"mn] klg b'O{–rf/ k};f cfDbfgLug'{k5{ eGg] ;f]r agfPF .Ú

u'~hgf l;l8lksf] ;xof]udf pgsf] ufpFdf @)&# ;fn k'; ! ut]u7g ePsf] ;Gtf]ifL gful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb|sL ;b:o x'g\ . ljkGgcj:yfsL u'~hgfsf >Ldfg\ k|x/Ldf hflu/] 5g\ . pgL klxn]cfly{s lx;fan] cfˆgf hflu/] >Ldfg\s} e/df dfq afFr]sL lyOg\ . >Ldfg\sf] cfDbfgLn] kl/jf/sf] dlxgfe/sf] vr{ wfGglgs} ufx«f] lyof] . t}klg pgnfO{ …cfk"mn] klg sdfpg' k5{ /sdfpg ;lsG5 eGg] nfu]sf] lyPg .Ú gful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb|dfe]nf eP/ gofF–gofF s'/f l;Sg] l;nl;nfdf dlxnfsf] cfly{s;zQmLs/0fsf af/]df klg 5nkmn eof] . o:tf] 5nkmnkl5 g}pgsf] ;f]rdf kl/jt{g cfP/ cfk"mn] klg b'O{–rf/ k};f cfDbfgLug]{ pkfo ug'{k5{ / cfk"m;Fu ePsf] l;nfOsf] ;LknfO{ o;dfnufpg ;lsG5 eGg] nfu]sf] u'~hgf atfpFl5g\ .

;f]rdf kl/jt{g t cfof] t/ pko'Qm d]lzg lsGg] s;/L < o;sf]klg ;dfwfg aGof] – l;l8lks} ;xof]udf u'~hgfx¿sf] gful/s;r]tgf s]Gb|df pknAw ePsf] 3'DtLsf]if . pgn] ;f] sf]ifaf6 Psjif{df lkmtf{ ug]{u/L @) xhf/ ?k}ofF k|fKt ul/g\ . To;af6klxn]sf] eGbf 7"nf] / pko'Qm l;nfO d]lzg lslgg\ . of] d]lzgsf]

;xf/fn] pgL 3/d} a;L–a;L dlxnfn] nufpg] k|foM ;a}lsl;dsf kf]zfsx¿ l;nfpFl5g\ . k'?ifn] nufpg] ;6{ klg pgL/fd|};Fu l;nfpg] ul5{g\ . hf8f]df nufOg] df]6f] vfnsf kf]zfsx¿l;nfpg klg pgnfO{ cfˆgf] gofF d]lzgn] /fd|};Fu ;fy lbg] u/]sf]5 . o;/L l;nfOsf] sfdaf6} cfhsn …b}lgs kfFr–;ft ;o ?k}ofFcfDbfgL x'g yfn]sf] / o; Joj;fonfO{ cem lj:tf/ ug]{ ;f]ragfpg yfn]sf]Ú u'~hgf pNn]v ul5{g\ .

9

hLljsf]kfh{g

;f]r / ;fwg b'j} ablng\ u'~hgfn]


10

pd]/n] ev{/} ^) j;Gt kf/ u/]sL d'u'lhNnfsf] vTof8 ufpFkflnsf, j8f g++= $ sL7"dsnf yfkf cfˆgf kfFrj6f afv|f r/fP/uf]w"nL ;fFemdf 3/ kmls{g\ . lbge/ afv|fr/fpFbfsf] ysfg eGbf klg Hofbf pgsf]cg'xf/df v'zL b]lvGYof] . 7"dsnf elG5g\, …l;l8lk -;d'bfo ljsf; sfo{qmd_n] xfdLh:tf ul/a kl/jf/nfO{ hLjg wfGg] af6f]b]vfof] .Ú

7"dsnf l;l8lksf] ;xof]udf pgs} ufpFdf;~rfng ePsf] :yfgLo gful/s ;r]tgfs]Gb|sL ;b:o x'g\ . cfˆgf] hUuf–hldgsf]pTkfbgn] 5 dlxgf klg vfg d'l:sn kg]{pgsf] kl/jf/df >Ldfg\, cfk"m, 5f]/f–a'xf/L

/ ;–;fgf gflt–gfltgf u/L 5hgf ;b:o5g\ . >Ldfg\ / a'xf/Lsf] cfDbfgLsf] s'g}af6f] 5}g . 5f]/fn] klg /fd|f] sdfO ug{;s]sf 5}gg\ .

o:t} b'Mvsf] cj:yf ef]lu/x]sf a]nf7"dsnfsf] ufpFdf @)&# ;fnsf] h]7dlxgfdf l;l8lk ;'? eof] . ;f]sfo{qmdcGtu{t ufpFdf ;~rfng ePsf]gful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb|df 7"dsnf klg ;b:oalgg\ / %@ xKtf;Dd l/ˆn]S6 ljlwaf6ljleGg s'/fx¿ l;lsg\ . To;kl5 s]Gb|sfljkGg dlxnfx¿sf] hLljsf]kfh{g ;'wf/sfnflu ;f] sfo{qmdn] ! nfv ?k}ofFsf]3'DtLsf]if klg pknAw u/fof] . oxL sf]ifaf6pgn] Ps jif{df lkmtf{ ug]{u/L jflif{s !@k|ltzt Aofhdf @) xhf/ ?k}ofF lnOg\ .To;}af6 la6n hftsf] afv|f / s]xL /sdyk]/ Pp6f af]sf klg lslgg\ . lsg]sf] s]xLlbgkl5 g} ;f] afv|fn] b'O{j6f kf7f / Pp6fkf7L hGdfof] . x]bf{–x]b}{ kf7f–kf7L /fd|f];Fux's{Fb} uP . 7"dsnf ylK5g\, …oLdWo] b'O{j6fkf7fx¿ 5 dlxgfsf] pd]/d} laqmL ubf{ klgsl/a #% xhf/ ?k}ofF t cfOxfN5 .To;af6 3'DtL sf]ifsf] /sd lkmtf{ ug{ /s]xL /sd arfpg ;lsG5 .Ú dfpm / kf7LrflxF pgn] cfkm}F kfNg] ljrf/ u/]sL l5g\ .dfpmn] 5–5 dlxgfdf km]l/ kf7f–kf7L

hGdfpF5 . pgn] lsg]sf] af]sfn] clxn] g}cfˆgf] ufpF / j/k/sf afv|fx¿nfO{ uef{wfgu/fP jfkt Psk6ssf] !)) ?k}ofFsf b/n]cfDbfgL lbg yfln;s]sf] 5 . oL ;a}k|lqmofaf6 pgn] cfufdL lbgdf w]/} /fd|f]cfDbfgL x'g] cfzf u/]sL l5g\ .

ufpFd} /x]sf :yfgLo ;/sf/sf kz':jf:Yok|fljlws ljZj¿k /fpt klg 7"dsnfsf]afv|fnfO{ s'g} ;d:of gxf];\ eg]/ cfk"mx¿n];/;Nnfx / cf}ifwf]krf/df ;xof]u ul//x]sf]pNn]v u5{g\ .

7"dsnfsf] kl/jf/ clxn] of] afv|fkfngaf6x'Fb}hfg] cfDbfgLn] cem} afv|f yKb} hfg] /cem a9L cfDbfgL ug]{ of]hgfdf /x]sf] 5 .

;f]xL ufpF glhs vs]{ vf]nf 6f]ndf7"dsnfn] h:t} l;l8lksf] 3'DtL sf]ifaf6;xof]u lnP/ afv|fkfng ug]{ cOg' yfkfcfˆgf] ljrf/ ;'gfpFl5g\, …ufpFsf cfk"mh:tfljkGgx¿nfO{ w]/} s'/fx¿df 1fg lbg],gful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb|df dlxnfx¿nfO{Psh'6 u/fpg], 7fpF–7fpFdf s'nf] vGg;3fpg] / o;/L cfDbfgL x'g] sfddf;xof]u ;d]t ug]{ t o; cl3 sf]xL cfPs}lyPgg\ . of] l;l8lk t w]/} /fd|f] sfo{qmd/x]5 .Ú

hLljsf]kfh{g

sfo{qmdn] hLljsf]kfh{gsf] af6f] b]vfof]


11

…cf;L ;dfpg] xftn] o:tf] sfd ug{ ;Sb}g, tflnddf t s'g} s]6fdfG5]nfO{ k7fpg' k5{ .Ú o;f] eg]/ df]afOn kmf]g / o;sf]dd{t;DaGwL tflnddf 5gf}6 x'gaf6 s]xL dflg;x¿n] sNkgfnfO{/f]Sg vf]h]sf lyP . t/, pgLx¿sf] wf/0ffnfO{ aemfª lhNnfsf]5lj; kfyLe]/f ufpFkflnsfsf] sF8]n ufpFdf kg]{ kf6f b]jn 6f]nsLsNkgf l;+xn] unt ;flat ul/lbPsL l5g\ . klxn] sNkgfnfO{lg?T;flxt ug{ vf]Hg] dflg;x¿ ;d]t cfˆgf] df]afOn laUo|f] jf s'g};d:of cfOk¥of] eg] sNkgfsf] df]afOn k;ndf cfOk'U5g\ . sNkgfelG5g\, …d df]afOn / o;sf] dd{t;DaGwL tflnd lnP/ cfk"mn]l;s]sf] sfd ug{ yfn]kl5 ufpFdf zL/ 7f8f] kf/]/ lxF8\g ;Sg] ePsL5' . cfDbfgL klg a9]sf] 5 .Ú

ufpFdf ;fgf] v'b|f k;n rnfpFb} cfPsL sNkgf klxn] cfly{scj:yf /fd|f] geP/ b}lgs hLjgofkgsf nflu lgs} ;+3if{ ug'{ k/]sf]atfpFl5g\ . pgsf >Ldfg\ ufpFd} af]l8{ª\u :s'ndf k9fpF5g\ t/pgn] kfpg] tna–;'ljwf kl/jf/ wfGgsf nflu kof{Kt 5}g . sNkgfelG5g\, …ToxL eP/ d}n] ;fgf] v'b|f k;n ;'? u/]sL lyPF . To;n]klg kl/jf/sf] vr{ wfGg d'l:sn kl//x]sf] lyof] . clxn] t v'b|fk;n / df]afOn;DaGwL k;n b'j} rnfO/x]sL 5' . lbgsf] !)–!@xhf/ ?k}ofF;Ddsf] Jofkf/ x'G5 . To;af6 cfPsf] kmfObfn] 3/–Jojxf/sf] vr{ / 5f]/fsf] lzIff–bLIff ;lhn} rNg yfn]sf] 5 .ÚsNkgf df]afOn / o;sf ;fdu|Lx¿ laqmL ug]{ / lau|]sf df]afOnx¿agfpg] sfd ul5{g\ . laqmL ug]{ sfddf eg] pgsf >Ldfg\n] klg;3fpg] u5{g\ . @)&@ ;fnsf] dª\l;/lt/ l;l8lk -;d'bfo ljsf;sfo{qmd_n] pgs} lhNnfdf cfof]hgf u/]sf] df]afOn / o;sf]dd{t\;DaGwL #) lbg] tflnd lnPkl5 pgnfO{ df]afOnsf] ;fdfGodd{t\–;Def/ ug{ s'g} ;d:of 5}g . cfˆgf] ufpFdf l;l8lks} ;xof]u/ ;xhLs/0fdf u7g eO{ ;lqmo x'g yfn]sf] gful/s ;r]tgf

s]Gb|sf] l;kmfl/zdf sNkgfn] df]afOn;DaGwL tflnd lng kfPsLx'g\ .

tflnd lnP/ kms]{kl5 cfˆgf >Ldfg\;Fu ;Nnfx u/]/ pgn] sl/a !nfv %) xhf/ ?k}ofF nufgL u/L df]afOn k;nsf nflu cfjZos;fdu|Lx¿ lslgg\ . df]afOn agfpg / r]s–hfFr ug{ ljB't klgcfjZos lyof] . ufpFdf lah'nL geP klg …vfg] d'vnfO{ h'F3fn]5]Sb}gÚ eg] em}F pgn] ;f]nf/ Kofgn h8fg u/]/ of] vfFrf] k"/f ul/g\ .

sNkgfsf] egfO 5, …df]afOn k;n g} clxn] d]/f] d'Vo Joj;foag]sf] 5 . . l;l8lksf] of] tflnd lng gkfPsL eP t d o:tf] sfdug{ ;Sg] g} lyOFg . ToxL eP/ l;l8lksf] tflndnfO{ d}n] d / d]/f]kl/jf/ afFRg] ;xf/f 7fg]sL 5' .Ú df]afOnsf] …xf8{j]o/Ú;DaGwL sfdhfg]sL / P;=Pn=;L=;Ddsf] lzIff xfl;n u/]sL @& jifL{of sNkgfcfhsn …;ˆ6j]o/Ú;DaGwL ;Lk l;sfpg] tflnd klg lng kfP o;Joj;foaf6 cem w]/} kmfObf lng ;lsg] lyof] eGg] atfpFl5g\ .pgL To:tf] tflndsf] vf]hLdf l5g\ .

hLljsf]kfh{g

…cf;L ;dfpg]Ú elgPsf xftn] df]afOn agfpg hfg]kl5


12

…dHhfn] kmfObf x'G5 . rN5 klg .cfhsn vfg} gk'u] klg ;'Gb/tf a9fpg;a}n] sf]lz; u5{g\ . of] ;Lk /fd|f];Ful;s]kl5 b'O{–rf/ k};f sdfO ug{ s]xLd'lZsn x'Gg . ToxL eP/ d}n] of] tflndlnPsL x'F .Ú of] egfO xf], af/f lhNnfsf]sf]xNjL gu/kflnsf, j8f g+= (, d';x/gf6f]nsL lszf]/L /f]lhtf 9sfnsf] .

;d'bfo ;xof]u sfo{qmd -l;l8lk_n] cfˆg}sfof{nosf] xndf cfof]hgf ul//x]sf] …Jo'l6l;og tflndÚdf /f]lhtf;Fu} !( hgflszf]/L tyf o'jtLx¿n] efu lnO/x]sflyP . pgLx¿ k|foM ;a} ljkGg kl/jf/sfx'g\ . af/f lhNnfdf l;l8lksf] ;xof]udf

u7g ePsf gful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb|x¿sf]l;kmfl/zaf6 pgLx¿n] tflnddf efulng] df}sf kfPsf x'g\ . of] tflndbf];|f]k6s @)&$ r}t @# ut] ;'? eO{@)&% c;f/ @# ut] ;DkGg x'Fb}5 .o;cl3 klg @)&$ ;fn ebf} @! ut]b]lvaf/fdf ePsf] klxnf] r/0fsf] o:t} tLgdlxg] tflndaf6 !) hgfn] …Jo'l6l;ogÚsf];Lk xfl;n u/]sf lyP . ;f] tflnddf efulnP/ Jo'l6l;ogsf] sfd ul//x]sL af/fsf]sf]xNjL gu/kflnsf, j8f g+= ^, c;d6f]nsL rDkf v8\sfn] dlxgfdf !% b]lv@) xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd o;} k]zfaf6 cfDbfgLug{ yfln;s]sL l5g\ .

jL/u~hb]lv sn}of;Dd cfP/ tflndlbO/x]sL k|lzIfs ;'ldqf ;fksf]6f;xefuLx¿nfO{ l;sfpFb} elG5g\, …Jo'l6l;ogsf] ;Lk l;s]/ sfd ug]{ xf] eg]&% k|ltzt hlt gfkmf a:5 . ;a}nfO{/fd|L x'g dgkg]{ ePsfn] g]kfnsf ;a}7fpFdf of] Joj;fo /fd|f];Fu rNg];Defjgf 5 .Ú

l;l8lk–af/fn] cfˆgf] sfo{If]qsf ljkGgkl/jf/sf] hLljsf]kfh{gdf ;'wf/ NofpgJo'l6l;og h:t} !# k|sf/sf ljleGgJofj;flos ;Lkd"ns tflndx¿ cfof]hgf

u/]/ sl/a @%) hgfnfO{ k|lzlIftul/;s]sf] 5 .

tflnddf ;xefuLx¿ sf]xL …y|]l8ªÚ ug]{,sf]xL …x]o/a]n d;fhÚ ug]{, sf]xL xft–v'§fsf gªnfO{ ;'Gb/ agfpg], sf]xLskfnsf] h'/f] agfpg], sf]xL …km]l;onÚ ug]{,sf]xL d]xGbL nufpg] cEof; ul//x]sf lyP . ;xefuLx¿n] tflndaf6Jofj;flos ¿kdf a9L rNg] vfnsf;f}Gbo{;DaGwL @# k|sf/sf ;Lkx¿l;Sg;Sg] nIo /x]sf] 5 .

;xefuL /f]lhtf clxn] sIff –!) sf]k/LIff lbP/ glthfsf] kvf{Odf l5g\ .pgsf] 3/sf] cfly{s cj:yf Tolt /fd|f]geP klg pgL cfˆgf] k9fOnfO{ lg/Gt/tflbg] ljrf/df l5g\ . elG5g\, …d ca of];Lk l;s]/ k9fOnfO{ lbg'kg]{ afx]ssf];dodf Jo'l6l;ogsf] sfd u5'{ . To;af6cfˆgf] k9fOsf] vr{ cfkm}F Joxf]/]/ a'af–cfdfnfO{ d2t ug]{ ;f]lr/x]sL 5' . ljjfxu/]sf dlxnfx¿n] klg o:tf] ;Lk eP b'O{–rf/ k};fsf nflu >Ldfg\sf] e/ kg'{ kb}{g .cfkm}F cfTdlge{/ x'g ;lsG5 . To;}n] xfdL;a} Wofg nufP/ l;ls/x]sf 5f}F .Ú

hLljsf]kfh{g

cfTdlge{/tftkm{ o'jtLx¿


13

sflnsf 8fFuLnfO{ ca 5f]/f5f]/L k9fpg / 3/ Jojxf/ rnfpgpgn] ul//x]sf] Rofpm v]tLn] /fd|} ;xof]u k'U5 eGg] ljZjf; 5 .Rofpm v]tL ;'? u/]sf] b'O{ dlxgfd} ^ xhf/ ?k}ofFeGbf a9LcfDbfgL ePsfn] pgdf o:tf] ljZjf; hfu]sf] xf] .

h'Dnf lhNnfsf] tftf]kfgL ufpFkflnsf, j8f g++= %, >Lgu/sLsflnsfsf] kl/jf/;Fu /x]sf] hldgaf6 x'g] k/Dk/fut v]tLsf]pTkfbgn] jif{df sl/a Ps dlxgfdfq vfg k'U5 . jif{sf] !! dlxgfhLjg wfGgsf nflu sflnsf / pgsf >Ldfg\n] Hofnf–dhb'/L ug]{u/]sf 5g\ . sflnsf elG5g\, …ca rflxF of] Rofpm v]tLn] cln;lhnf lbg cfP h:tf] nfu]sf] 5 .Ú pgn] sl/a kfFr jif{cl3 g}cf/=;L=8L=P;= gfds ;+:yfsf] ;xof]udf Rofpm v]tL ug]{ tl/sfsfaf/]df tflnd lnPsL lyOg\ . t/, tflnddf l;s]sf] ;Lk / 1fgckgfpg cfjZos kg]{ Rofpmsf] aLp, k/fn, Knfl:6s cflb rflxg]lyof] . o:tf ;fdu|L lsGg] cfly{s ;|f]t sflnsf;Fu lyPg .

sflnsfn] atfOg\, …;d'bfo ljsf; sfo{qmd -l;l8lk_n] xfd|f]gful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb|sf nflu lbPsf] 3'DtL sf]ifaf6 k};f kfPkl5To;}af6 d}n] Rofpm v]tL ;'? u/]sL x'F .Ú pgsf] ufpFdf @)&@;fnsf] lxpFbaf6 l;l8lk ;'? ePsf] lyof] . o;cGtu{t u7gePsf] b]ptL aHo} gful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb|df pgL klg ;xefuL eOg\ . s]Gb|df …l/ˆn]S6 ljlwÚaf6 ;~rfng ePsf] %@ xKtfsf] sIff;lsPkl5 To;df ;xefuL ePsf ljkGg kl/jf/sf] hLljsf]kfh{gdf;'wf/ Nofpg sfo{qmdn] Ps nfv ?k}ofFsf] 3'DtL sf]if pknAwu/fPsf] lyof] . ;f] sf]ifaf6 sflnsf nufot klxnf] r/0fdfkfFrhgfn] t/sf/L v]tL, s'v'/fkfng / Rofpm v]tL u/]/ cfˆgf]hLljsf]kfh{gdf ;'wf/ Nofpg Ps jif{df lkmtf{ ug]{u/L !( xhf/ #;o ** ?k}ofFsf b/n] ;xof]u kfPsf lyP .

sflnsfn] gk'u /sd C0fsf] ¿kdf :yfgLo cfdf ;d"xaf6 lnP/s'n $) xhf/sf] nufgLdf Rofpm v]tL ;'? u/]sL x'g\ . RofpmpTkfbg x'gyfn]sf] klxnf] b'O{ dlxgfs} cfDbfgLaf6 pgn] cfdf;d"xaf6 lnPsf]dWo] $ xhf/ ?k}ofF ltl/;s]sf] klg atfOg\ .sflnsfsf cg';f/ …of] Rofpm v]tLn] t nufPsf] Ps dlxgfb]lv g}pTkfbg lbg yflnxfN5 . laqmL klg ;lhn} x'G5 . ul/ax¿sf nfluof] yf]/} hUuf ePklg ug{ ;lsg] / t'?Gt} cfDbfgL lbg;Sg]pko'Qm Joj;fo xf] .Ú pgn] cfˆgf] Rofpm v]tL b]vfpFb} elgg\,…l;l8lkn] lbPsf] 3'DtL sf]ifaf6 ;xof]u gkfPsf] eP t d zfobslxNo} Rofpm v]tL ;'? ug{ ;Sg] lyOFg . d]/f] cfly{s cj:yfklxn]s} h:tf] /lx/xGYof] xf]nf .Ú

hLljsf]kfh{g

ljkGgsf nflu pkof]uL aGb}5, Rofpm v]tL


14

klxn] cfk"mnfO{ b'O{–rf/ k};f rflxFbf>Ldfg\;Fu dfUg'kg]{ h'Dnfsf] tftf]kfgLufpFkflnsf, j8f g++= %, >Lgu/sL a;GtLvqL cfhsn >Ldfg\nfO{ cfjZos kbf{cfkm}F cfly{s ;xof]u ul5{g\ . pgL elG5g\,…Ps xn hlt hUufdf ;'? u/]sf] cfn'v]tLn] ubf{ d b'O{–rf/ k};f sdfpg ;Sg]ePsL x'F .Ú

a;GtL ljkGg kl/jf/sL dlxnf x'g\ . klxn]pgsf] kl/jf/n] hf}h:tf k/Dk/fut

afnLx¿sf] dfq v]tL ub}{ cfPsf] lyof] .@)&@ ;fnsf] lxpFbb]lv ha ufpFdf;d'bfo ljsf; sfo{qmd -l;l8lk_sf];xof]udf …lzjHo" gful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb|Úu7g eof], a;GtL nufot ufpFsf @% hgfdlxnfx¿ ;f] s]Gb|cGtu{t ;ª\ul7t eP .pgLx¿n] ;fKtflxs ¿kdf e]nf eP/ %@xKtf;Dd cfk"mx¿sf nflu pkof]uL ljleGgs'/fx¿df 5nkmn ug{ yfn] . 5nkmnsfljleGg ljifox¿dWo] Pp6f lyof] – s;/Lcfˆgf] ul/aL x6fpg a9L cfDbfgLd"nssfdx¿ ug]{ < s;}n] v'b|f k;n ug]{, s;}n]afv|fkfng ug]{, s;}n] v/fof]kfngug]{h:tf y'k|} pkfox¿ lgsfn] . a;GtLn]rflxF k/Dk/fut hf} v]tLsf] 7fpFdf gofFtl/sfn] cfn' v]tL ug]{ of]hgf agfOg\ .

a;GtLsf] of]hgf gful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb|n]5gf}6 u¥of] . To;kl5 pgn] l;l8lksf];xof]udf ;f] s]Gb|df hLljsf]kfh{g;'wf/sf nflu k|fKt ePsf] 3'DtL sf]ifaf6Ps jif{df lkmtf{ ug]{u/L @$ xhf/ ?k}ofFkfOg\ . oxL ;xof]uaf6 a;GtLn] cfn'sf]aLp NofOg\ / Ps xnhlt hUufdfnufpg ;'? ul/g\ . pgL cfˆgf] cg'ej /of]hgf ;'gfpFl5g\, …klxn] nufpg] u/]sf] hf} v]tLeGbf t

o;af6 lqan} a9L cfDbfgL x'Fbf]/x]5 . Ps}l;hgdf Ps xn hUufaf6 $) b]lv %)xhf/ ?k}ofF a/fa/sf] cfn' kmNg] u/]sf] 5 .ca dnfO{ 3'DtLsf]ifaf6 lnPsf] k};f lkmtf{ug{ s'g} ufx«f] 5}g . cfn' v]tLsf nflupko'Qm hUuf kfP cem a9L hUufdf cfn'v]tL uy]{F eGg] nfu]sf] 5 .Ú pgsf cg';f/cfn' v]tLsf nflu rfx]sf] a]nf l;FrfO ug{/ grfx]sf] a]nf hldg ;'Vvf agfpg;lsg]vfnsf] hUuf rflxG5 .

a;GtL cfk"mn] pTkfbg u/]sf] cfn'ahf/df cfkm}F a]lR5g\ . To;f]ubf{ laqmLaf6cfPsf] k};f cfˆg} xftdf k5{ . a;GtLsfcg';f/ cfˆgf] kl/jf/;Fu ePsf] tLg xnhlt hUufdf klxn] ug]{ u/]sf] k/Dk/futv]tLsf] pTkfbgn] ^ dlxgf klg vfgd'l:snn] dfq} k'UbYof] . o:tf] l:yltdfa9L kmfObfhgs cfn' v]tL ug{ yfn]kl5pgsf >Ldfg\ klg v'zL x'g'ePsf] a;GtLatfpFl5g\ .

a;GtLsf] egfO 5, …of] l;l8lkn] txfdLnfO{ sfdnfUg] s'/fx¿ klg l;sfof],cfDbfgL klg a9fof] . w]/} /fd|f] sfo{qmd/x]5 .Ú

hLljsf]kfh{g

s'/f klg l;sfof], cfDbfgL klg a9fof]


15

d]gsf rf}FnfufO{Fsf] s0ff{nL /fhdfu{af6 h'Dnf hfg] af6f]df ;8ss}5]pdf v'b|f k;n 5 . ToxfF d}bf, lrgL, rfprfp, sfkL, 86k]g,8f]/L nufot w]/} ;fdfgx¿ kfOG5g\ . cfhsn pgL b}lgs sl/akfFr–5 xhf/ ?k}ofF a/fa/sf o:tf ;fdu|L laqmL ul5{g\ .

klxn] klg clxn]eGbf ;fgf] k;n rnfPsL ljkGg kl/jf/sLd]gsfn] To;a]nf nufgLsf] cefjn] ubf{ w]/} ;fdfg /fVg / k;na9fpg ;s]sL lyOgg\ . ;fdfg g} sd ePsfn] lbgsf] xhf/–kGw|;osf] ;fdfg a]Rg klg d'l:sn x'g] ub{Yof] . laqmL sd ePkl5cfDbfgL klg sd x'g' :jefljs} eOxfNof] . cfˆgf] hdLgdf ul/g]v]tLaf6 kl/jf/nfO{ 5 dlxgf k'Ug] cGg klg pAhgL gx'g] ePsfn]d]gsfsf] kl/jf/ lgs} ;d:ofdf lyof] . Psk6s o:t} ul/aLsf];d:ofn] ubf{ pgLx¿ ef/tdf lu6L s'6\g] sfd ug{ uP . ToxfFgfgfy/L b'Mv v]k]sf] / la/fdL ePsf] cg'ej pgLx¿;Fu 5 . t}klgd]gsfsf] kl/jf/n] afFRgsf nflu km]l/ ef/t hfg] ls eGg] ;f]r;d]t agfpg yfn]sf] lyof] . t/, cfˆgf] ufpFdf ;d'bfo ljsf;sfo{qmd -l;l8lk_ ;'? eP/ To;cGtu{t hLljsf]kfh{gsf nflu;xof]u ug]{ 3'DtL sf]if ;d]t :yfkgf eO{ sf]ifaf6 cfly{s ;xof]ukfPkl5 pgsf] kl/jf/n] of] ;f]r Toflulbof] .

l;l8lksf] ;xof]udf ufpFdf …kl/jt{g gful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb|Ú u7gePsf] lyof] . d]gsf klg ;b:o /x]sf] ;f]] s]Gb|n] pgsf] cfly{scj:yfnfO{ ljrf/ ub}{ pgs} dfucg';f/ pgnfO{ Ps jif{df lkmtf{ug]{u/L 3'DtLsf]ifaf6 !( xhf/ # ;o ** ?k}ofF pknAw u/fof] .ToxL /sdaf6 d]gsfn] cfˆgf] k;n ePsf] 7fpFdf sf7n] agfOPsf]csf]{klg sf]7f ylkg\ / yk ;fdfgx¿ NofP/ k;n lj:tf/ ul/g\ .d]gsf elG5g\, …k;n a9fPkl5 t laqmL klg a9\of] / cfDbfgL klg/fd|f] x'Fb} uof] . cfDbfgLn] 3/vr{df d2t u/]sf] 5 . 5f]/f5f]/L

k9fpg / k;ndf ;fdfg yKg ;lsPsf] 5 . ca afFRgs} nfluOl08of uO/xg' kb}{g .Ú

cfDbfgL a9\b} uPsfn] 3'DtL sf]ifaf6 lnPsf] ;xof]u /sd cad]gsfn] rfF8} g} lkmtf{ ug]{ ;f]r agfPsf] atfOg\ .

d]gsf ;+nUg gful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb|sL ;+of]hs nIdL pkfWofosf]egfO 5, …d]gsfnfO{ pgsf] sdhf]/ cfly{s cj:yf / k;n a9fPa9L cfDbfgL ug{;Sg] kl/l:ylt b]v]/} xfdLn] ;xof]u u/]sf xf}F .pgL / pgLh:tf 3'DtL sf]ifaf6 ;xof]u lnPsfx¿n] rfF8} /sdlkmtf{ u/] s]Gb|sf c¿ ;b:ox¿n] klg rfF8f] ;xof]u kfpg ;S5g\ .o;/L ljkGg cj:yfsf ;b:ox¿nfO{ l;l8lkn] pknAw u/fPsf]3'DtL sf]ifaf6 ;xof]u ug{ kfpFbf xfdL klg lgs} v'zL 5f}F .Ú

hLljsf]kfh{g

ca Ol08of hfg' kb}{g


16

lhGbuLdf s] ug]{, s;f] ug]{ eg]/ cndlnO/x]s} a]nf sflnsf]6lhNnfsf] g/xl/gfy ufpFkflnsf, j8f g+= *, 7f6Lsf]6sf ljkGgcj:yfsf a]/f]huf/ o'jf k|df]b af]xf]/fn] kz' :jf:Yo sfo{stf{ aGg]tflnd kfP . clxn] pgL oxL k]zfaf6 cfˆg} ufpFdf sfd u/]/dfl;s cf7–bz xhf/ ?k}ofF cfDbfgL ug{ ;Sg] ePsf 5g\ . oL @%jif]{ o'jf v'zL x'Fb} eG5g\, …of] e]6]l/g/L tflnd t d]/f] hLjgsf];xf/f g} aGof] . tflnddf l;s]sf] ;Lkcg';f/ sfd u/]/ x'g]cfDbfgLn] d]/f] 3/–kl/jf/ rnfpg ;d]t ;xh ePsf] 5 .Ú

k|df]bn] lrtjg lhNnfdf cfof]hgf ePsf] of] #% lbg] tflnddfpgs} ufpFdf l;l8lk -;d'bfo ljsf; sfo{qmd_sf] ;xof]u /;xhLs/0fdf u7g eO{ ;~rfng ePsf] >Lsf]6 gful/s ;r]tgfs]Gb|sf] l;kmfl/zdf efu lng kfPsf x'g\ . @)&$ ;fnsf] kmfu'g!* b]lv r}t @@ ut];Dd ;~rfng ePsf] ;f] tflndaf6 k|df]bn]kz'kfng / kz'sf] ;fdfGo:t/sf pkrf/;DaGwL ;Lk / 1fg xfl;nu/]sf 5g\ . of] tflnd pgn] l;l8lks} ;xof]udf lng kfPsf x'g\ .

tflnd ;s]/ ufpF kms{Fbf k|df]bn] lhNnf ;b/d'sfdaf6 kz'–rf}kfofsf nflu cfjZos kg]{ cf}ifwLx¿ lsg] / ufpFdf kz'j:t'sf]pkrf/ ug{ yfn] . pgsf] of] kz' :jf:Yo ;]jf k|efjsf/L aGb}uPsfn] sfdsf] vfFrf] ePg . pgn] k|bfg ug]{ u/]sf] kz' :jf:Yo;]jfsf] k|efjsfl/tf b]v]/ :yfgLo ufpFkflnsfn] ;d]t pgnfO{u|fdL0f kz' :jf:Yo sfo{stf{sf] ¿kdf kl/rfng ug{ yfn]sf] 5 .pgL kz'–j:t'sf] pkrf/sf ;fy} :yfgLo afl;GbfnfO{ cfw'lgs Pjd\pGgt tl/sfn] kz'kfng u/]/ o;af6 a9L kmfObf lng k|]l/t ug]{sfd klg u5{g\ .

sdhf]/ cfly{s cj:yfs} sf/0f sIff–!@ eGbf dflysf] cWoog ug{g;s]sf k|df]b pNn]v u5{g\, …;f]r]hlt k9g gkfP klg l;l8lkn]lbPsf] tflndaf6 ;Lk / 1fg lng kfPsf] 5' . oxL ;Lkn] ubf{ d]/f]lhGbuLdf klxn]eGbf w]/} ;sf/fTds kl/jt{g cfO/x]sf] 5 . of]tflnd t xfdLh:tf ljkGg o'jfx¿sf nflu ;fx«} pkof]uL /x]5 .Ú

hLljsf]kfh{g

hLjgsf] ;xf/f–e]6]l/g/L tflnd


17

æ/f]hs] sfd eL ldntf cf bfd eL cR5]ldntf, xd t tflnd n]s] v'z afgLÆ

-lbgx'F sfd klg kfOG5, bfd klg /fd|}kfOG5 . d t tflnd lnP/ v'zL ePF ._

k;f{ lhNnfsf] jL/u~h dxfgu/kflnsf,j8f g+= @( df a;f]af; ug]{ gfu]Zj/dxtf] -yf?_ /fhld:qLsf] tflnd lng kfP/cfˆgf] cfDbfgL a9\g yfn]sf]df o;/L v'zLJoQm u5{g\ .

klxn] 3/ agfpg] sfddf ;fdfGo n]a/ -dhb'/_sf] ¿kdf gfu]Zj/ 9'ª\uf afn'jfsf]sfd uy]{] . o;af6 kl/jf/sf] vr{ wfGg /cfˆgf 5f]/f5f]/Lsf] k9\g] rfxgfnfO{lg/Gt/tf lbg d'l:sn kl//x]sf] lyof] .o:tf] ;d:of ef]lu/x]s} a]nf pgn] l;l8lk -;d'bfo ljsf; sfo{qmd_sf] ;xhLs/0fdfu7g eO{ ;lqmo /x]sf] / pgsL >LdtL;d]t ;b:o ePsf] af}l4dfO{ gful/s;r]tgf s]Gb|sf] l;kmfl/zdf/fhld:qL;DaGwL #% lbg] tflnd lng kfP . gful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb|n] pgsf]sdhf]/ cfly{s cj:yf / tflnd lnPkl5cfˆg} ufpF3/df a;]/ sfd ug]{ rfxgfb]v]/ of] tflnddf l;kmfl/z u/]sf] xf] .@)&# ;fnsf] ebf} #) ut]af6 jL/u~hdf;fgf Joj;fo tyf k/fdz{ s]Gb|n]

;~rfng u/]sf] ;f] tflnddf l;l8lksf];xof]uaf6 efu lnP/ /fhld:qLn] ug'{kg]{;a} vfnsf sfdx¿ /fd|f];Fu l;Sg kfPsf]gfu]Zj/ atfpF5g\ .

tflndaf6 bIftf xfl;n u/]kl5 gfu]Zj/n]t'?Gt} sfd klg kfpg yflnxfn] . pgsf]bIftf tTsfnLg a;l8Njf uf=lj=;=nfO{v'nf lb;fd'Qm agfpg] cleofgdf Jofks¿kdf k|of]u eof] . @)&$ ;fpg * ut]v'nf lb;fd'Qm 3f]if0ff ul/Psf] ;f]uf=lj=;=df 3f]if0ff ug'{cl3 y'k|} ;ª\Vofdfzf}rfnox¿ lgdf{0f ug'{kg]{ lyof] . o;cleofgdf gfu]Zj/n] ;f] uf=lj=;=sfljleGg 7fpFdf b'O{ bh{geGbf a9Lzf}rfnox¿sf] lgdf{0f u/] . o; cleofgsf]cnfjf klg pgn] /fhld:qLsf] ¿kdf c¿sl/a #) j6f zf}rfno tyf ejgxx¿sf]lgdf{0f ul/;s]sf 5g\ .

klxn] n]a/sf] ¿kdf sfd ubf{ b}lgs b'O{–tLg ;o ?k}ofF dfq cfDbfgL ug]{ gfu]Zj/cfhsn /fhld:qLsf] ¿kdf sfd u/]/b}lgs ;/b/ ;ft ;o ¿k}ofF cfDbfgLeO/x]sf] atfpF5g\ . pgnfO{ cfˆgf] ufpFj/k/af6 klg /fhld:qLsf] ¿kdf af]nfpgyflnPsf] 5 . gfu]Zj/ cfhsn lgs} Jo:t/fhld:qL ag]sf 5g\ . EofO–gEofO

lsl;dn] sfd kfO/x]sf] / cfDbfgLsf nfluljb]z hfg' gk/]sf]df ;Gt'li6 ldn]sf]pNn]v ub}{ gfu]Zj/ cfkm}F eG5g\, …3/s]vfgf, kl/jf/s] b]vefn cf k/j–Tof]xf/s]v'zL ufj]d] cf}/L sdL lg eL, xfd/f vftL/ljb]z ;] al9of O{+x] 7Ls afÚ -3/s} vfgfvfP/ / kl/jf/sf] x]/rfx ub}{ sfd ug{kfOPsf] 5 . ufpFdf eO/xg] rf8–kj{dfefu lnP/ v'zL dgfpg] s'/fdf klg s'g}sdL 5}g . d]/fnflu t ljb]zeGbf oxLF /fd|f]5 ._

hLljsf]kfh{g

/fhld:qLsf] tflndn] NofPsf] v'zL


18

/f}tx6 lhNnfsf] kmt'jf ljhok'/ gu/kflnsf, j8f g+= !),b"lwcjfsL /Lgf nfdf afF;sf l;Gsf, ;fOsnsf] k'/fgf] 6fo/ /Knfl:6ssf 8f]/Lsf] ;xf/fn] cfsif{s …8fOlgª\u 6]anÚ agfO/x]sLlyOg\ . ;f] alg/x]sf] 8fOlgª\u 6]ansf] csf]{kl§ ;f]xL 7fpFsf uh]Gb|vgfn To:t} ;fdu|L k|of]u u/]/ dflg;nfO{ a:g ;lhnf] x'g] d'9fagfO/x]sf lyP .

/Lgfsf cg';f/ pgsf] ufpF / j/k/ o:tf ;fdu|Lsf] w]/} g} dfu 5 .pgL ylK5g\, …o;af6 b'O{–rf/ k};f sdfO klg eO/x]sf] 5 t/

dfucg';f/ k'¥ofpg} d'lZsn 5 .Ú /Lgf / uh]Gb| nufot b"lwcjfsfrf/hgfn] o:tf ;fdu|L agfpg] ;Lk ;d'bfo ljsf; sfo{qmd -l;l8lk_n] @)&$ ;fnsf] dª\l;/df cfof]hgf u/]sf] tflndaf6l;s]sf x'g\ . ;f] tflnddf ljleGg 7fpFsf @@ hgfn] l;l8lksf];xof]udf u7g ePsf gful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb|x¿sf] l;kmfl/zdf efulng] df}sf kfPsf lyP .

uh]Gb| eG5g\, …w]/} cfDbfgL x'g] t xf]Og t/ c¿ sfd u/]/ ysfOnfu]sf a]nfdf / k'm;{b\df klg 3/d} a;]/ ug{ ;lsg] of] sfdxfd|fnflu lgs} pkof]uL 5 .Ú afF;sf l;Gsf agfO;lsPsf] 5 /o;sf nflu cGo ;fdu|L klg tof/ 5g\ eg] Pslbgdf Pshgfn]b'O{j6f;Dd d'9f agfpg ;lsg] /Lgf / uh]Gb|sf] cg'ej 5 .pgLx¿sf cg';f/ Pp6f ;fdfGo d'9f agfpg rflxg] ;fdu|Lx¿dfsl/a b'O{ ;o ?k}ofFhlt vr{ nfUg] / sl/a #%) ?k}ofFdf laqmL x'g]ub{5 .

cfˆgf] hUuf–hldg / 3/ geP/ sfsfn] P]nfgL hUufdf agfpg'ePsf] 3/df a:b} cfPsL /Lgfn] uPsf] tLg dlxgfdf o; sfdaf6sl/a & xhf/ ?k}ofF gub cfh{g u/]sf] atfOg\ . /Lgf pNn]vul5{g\, …klxn] k'm;{b\df ufpFsf lbbL–a}gL;Fu TolQs} ukm u/]/al;GYof] clxn] t ukm klg ub}{ o; sfddf xft klg rnfpFb} b'O{–rf/ k};f sdfpg ;lsPsf] 5 .Ú

:yfgLo lxpFr'nL gful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb|sL ;+of]hs k|]ds'df/L bg}klg …cfk"mx¿n] l;kmfl/z u/]/ tflnddf k7fPsf dflg;x¿n] ;Lkl;s]/ ufpFdf kmsL{ b'O{–rf/ k};f cfDbfgL ug{ yfn]sfn]Ú lgs} v'zLnfu]sf] atfpFl5g\ .

hLljsf]kfh{g

k'm;{b\sf] ;dodf klg cfDbfgL


19

klxn] 7fpF–7fpFdf 8'Nb} rgf–r6k6] a]r]/d'l:snn] lbgsf] b'O{–tLg ;o ?k}ofF sdfpg]/fddfof kfv|Lg clxn] cfˆg} vfhf k;n;'? u/]/ b}lgs xhf/–kGw| ;o ?k}ofFsdfpg yfn]sL l5g\ . ;nf{xL lhNnfsf]xl/k'/ gu/kflnsf, j8f g+= ! sL /fddfofcfˆgf] cfDbfgL a9fP/ hLljsf]kfh{gdf d2tk'¥ofPsf] >]o rflxF l;l8lk -;d'bfo ljsf;sfo{qmd_nfO{ lblG5g\ .

ljkGg cj:yfsL /fddfofsf] egfO 5, …xfd|f]gjr]tgf gful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb|nfO{l;l8lkn] pknAw u/fPsf] 3'DtLsf]ifaf6 d}n]cfˆgf] hLljsf]kfh{g ;'wf/sf nflu 5dlxgfdf lkmtf{ ug]{u/L @# xhf/ ?k}ofF kfPF . To;}df cfk"mn] klg clncln ykyfku/]/ of] k;n z'¿ u/]sL x'F . 3'DtLsf]ifaf6/sd gkfPsf] eP t sxfF of] k;n z'¿ ug{;Sy]F / <Ú

/fddfofsf] ufpFdf @)&# ;fn j}zfv @@ut] l;l8lksf] ;xof]u tyf ;xhLs/0fdfgjr]tgf gful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb| u7g ePsf]lyof] . ;f] s]Gb| u7g ePkl5 /fddfofnufot :yfgLo dlxnfx¿n] xKt}lkR5] e]nfeP/ cfk"m / cfˆgf] ;dfhsf ljleGgljifox¿df 5nkmn ug{ yfn] . To;dfljkGg dlxnfx¿n] s;/L cfˆgf] cfDbfgLsf;|f]tx¿ a9fpg ;lsG5 eGg] af/]df klg

s'/fsfgL eof] . ljleGg lsl;dsf vfhfagfpg hfGg] /fddfofnfO{ …Pp6f vfhfk;n ;'? ug{ kfP cfDbfgL a9fpg ;lsg]lyof]Ú eGg] nflu/x]sf] lyof] . t/, o;sfnflu s6]/f] eP klg agfpg' kYof]{ . s]xLkmlg{r/ klg rflxGYof] . ksfpg] /u|fxsnfO{ vfg lbg] efF8f–s'F8f klgcfjZos lyP . oL ;a} s'/f h'6fpg/fddfofsf] cfly{s x}l;otn] EofO/x]sf]lyPg . 3'DtLsf]ifaf6 ;xof]u kfPkl5 eg]pgnfO{ of] ;d:of /x]g . pgn] cfˆg}ufpFsf] rf}tf/f]sf] 5]pdf s6]/f] agfOg\ /vfhf k;n ;'? ul/g\ . vfhf k;n /fd|};FurNg yfNof] .

/fddfofsf >Ldfg\ zf/Ll/s cj:yfsfsf/0f cfocfh{gsf sfd ug{ ;Sb}gg\ .5f]/f5f]/Ln] eg] cfˆgf] k9fOsf a]nf afx]sc¿ a]nf /fddfofnfO{ k;nsf] sfddf;3fpF5g\ .

ufpFsf cu|h s[i0f l3ld/] eG5g\, …clxn]/fddfofsf] o; s6]/f]df rfpdLg, cfn'rk,ksf}8f / :jflbnf] r6k6] h:tf vfhfx¿kfOG5g\ . lrof klg vfg kfOG5 . dL7f]vfhf vfg ca klxn]h:tf] xl/jg, a/xyjfh:tf 6f9fsf ahf/lt/ hfg' kb}{g .Ú o;k;n cufl8sf] af6f] eP/ lxF8\g] dflg;x¿/ 5]p5fpsf afl;Gbfx¿ /fddfofsf]

k;nsf u|fxsx¿ x'g\ . la:tf/} u|fxsx¿a9\b} uPsf 5g\ . u|fxs a9\b} hfFbf/fddfofsf] cfDbfgL klg a9\b} uO/x]sf] 5 .

/fddfof elG5g\, …klxn] xftd'v hf]g{ klgwf}–wf} kYof]{ . ca t To:tf lbg uP eGg]nfu]sf] 5 . 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ k9fpg klg ;Sg]eOPsf] 5 . 3'DtLsf]ifsf] /sd klg oxLk;nsf] cfDbfgLn] rfF8} lkmtf{ ug]{;f]lr/x]sL 5' . of] l;l8lk t d]/f] cj:yf;'wf/ ug{sf nflu ;xf/f kf] ag]/ cfP5 .Ú

hLljsf]kfh{g

;xf/f aGof] l;l8lk


20

;'g;/L lhNnfsf] a/fxf If]q gu/kflnsf,j8f g+= (, /fhfjf;df /x]sf] sf]zL gbLsf]k"jL{ afFwdf @)$) ;fnb]lv a:b} cfPsfdlxnfx¿ sf]zL lsgf/df pleP/ gbLlt/b]vfpFb} eG5g\, …clxn] Tof] gbLsf] kfgLalx/x]sf] 7fpFdf klxn] xfd|f] hUuf–hldg /3/–af; lyof] . Tof] 7fpFnfO{ lrlnof 6Kk'elgGYof] . @)$) ;fnsf] af9Ln] ;a} aufof] . af9Laf6 Hofg hf]luPsfx¿ of]gbLsf] afFwdf cfP/ a;]sf xf}F .Ú

o;/L pgLx¿ e'mk|] 6x/f h:tf 3/x¿ agfO{a:b} cfPsf] 7fpFnfO{ afFw–8fF8f elgG5 .

afFw–8fF8fdf #% jif{ cufl8b]lv …c:yfoL¿kdfÚ a:b} cfPsf sl/a &) 3/kl/jf/sf]afFRg] pkfo rflxF sf]zLdf ax]/ cfpg] sf7–bfp/f lgsfn]/ a]Rg', df5f dfg'{, afv|fkfng ug'{ clg alga'tf] / Hofnf–dhb'/Lug'{ g} xf] . s;}–s;}n] cfˆgf] hUufgePklg a;]s} 7fpFdf clncln t¿n v]tLklg u/]sf 5g\ .

pgLx¿sf] Pp6} egfO 5, …w]/} jif{;Dd ;fx«}b'Mv kfOof] . o; a:tLdf ;'? ePsf] l;l8lk-;d'bfo ljsf; sfo{qmd_n] rflxF xfdLnfO{b'O{–rf/ s'/f l;Sg / s]xL ljkGg kl/jf/nfO{b'O{–rf/ ?k}ofF cfDbfgL ug{ ;xof]u u/]/b'Mvsf] 3fpdf dnxd nufOlbP em}F ePsf]5 .Ú

o; a:tLdf l;l8lk ;'? ePkl5 @)&#;fnsf] j}zfvdf ToxfFsf #) 3/kl/jf/sfdlxnfx¿ gful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb|df ;ª\ul7teP . pgLx¿n] %@ xKtf;Dd ;f] s]Gb|df;fKtflxs ¿kdf …l/ˆn]S6 ljlwÚaf6;~rfng ePsf] 5nkmndf efu lnP .o;af6 cfk"mx¿sf nflu cfjZos ljleGg1fgx¿ xfl;n u/] . To;sf] nuQ}pgLx¿dWo] klg ljkGg kl/jf/sf]hLljsf]kfh{gdf ;'wf/ Nofpg sfo{qmdn] ;f]s]Gb|cGtu{t /xg]u/L Ps nfv ?k}ofFsf]3'DtL sf]if pknAw u/fof] . oxL sf]ifaf6

Ps kl/jf/n] Ps jif{leq lkmtf{ ug]{u/L @)xhf/ ?k}ofF ;xof]u kfP . ;f] /sdaf6s;}n] t/sf/L v]tL, s;}n] vfhf k;n;~rfng, s;}n] afv|fkfng, s;}n] t¿nv]tL t s;}n] aª\u'/kfng u/]/ cfˆgf]cfDbfgL a9fpg yfn] .

a:tLsf sdnf / lgd{nf lnDa" o:t} ;xof]ukfPsf kfqx¿ x'g\ . sdnfn] 3'DtLsf]ifaf6@)&$ dª\l;/df kfPsf] @) xhf/ ?k}ofFdWo]!# xhf/ ?k}ofFdf sl/a gf} dlxgf pd]/sf]Pp6f e'gL -kf]yL aª\u'/_ lslgg\ . afFsLk};fn] To;sf] vf]/ agfOg\ . ;f] aª\u'/n]lsg]/ NofPsf] kfFr dlxgfd} gf}j6f kf7f–kf7L hGdfof] . tLdWo] 8]9 dlxgfsf] pd]/sfcf7j6f kf7f a]r]/ pgn] @% xhf/ ?k}ofFcfDbfgL ul/g\ . To;}af6 3'DtL sf]ifsf] /sdklg lkmtf{ ul/g\ . lgd{nfn] rflxF bf];|f] r/0fcyf{t\ @)&$ kmfu'gdf sdnfs} h:tf]aª\u'/kfngs} nflu ;xof]u kfOg\ . pgLklg cfˆgf] aª\u'/n] ca s]xL dlxgfleq}cf7b]lv !) j6f kf7fkf7L hGdfpF5 /sdnfsf] h:t} ;kmntf xfl;n x'G5 eGg]k|ltIffdf l5g\ .

lgd{nf d':s'/fpFb} elG5g\, …l;l8lksf] of]3'DtL sf]ifn] t xfdL h:tf ljkGg kl/jf/sf]cfDbfgL a9fpg w]/} /fd|f] ;xof]u ubf]{ /x]5 .Ú

hLljsf]kfh{g

b'Mvsf] 3fpdf dnxd


21

zf/Ll/s ;d:ofsf sf/0f Pp6f v'§f cln cK7\of/f];Fu 6]Sg] @@jifL{o ;~hLj d]xtf cfˆg} ufpFsf] ;fd'bflos ejgdf lah'nLsf]jfol/ª ul//x]sf lyP . pgn] eg], …jfol/ª ug]{ sfdaf6} cfhsn dcfˆg} ufpF–7fpFdf a;]/ dlxgfsf] @)–@@ xhf/ ?k}ofF ;lhn}sdfpF5' .Ú

;'g;/L lhNnfsf] a/fxf If]q gu/kflnsf, j8f g++= !!, dw'jgsf oLo'jf ufpFsf c? w]/} o'jfx¿ h:tf] /f]huf/Lsf nflu ljb]z hfg];f]rdf 5}gg\ . cfˆgf] 38]/L dfq ePsf / c¿sf] Ps lauxfhUufdf clwofF u/]/ v]tL ug]{] kfFr ;b:oLo ljkGg kl/jf/sf pgLh]7f 5f]/f x'g\ . ;d'bfo ljsf; sfo{qmd -l;l8lk_sf] ;xof]udflah'nL–jfol/ªsf] $% lbg] tflnd lnP/ of] sfddf nfu]sf ;~hLjeG5g\, …tflnd kfP/ o;/L cfDbfgL ug{ g;s]sf] eP zfob oltv]/d afFRgsf nflu ef/tsf] k~hfalt/ v]tLkftLsf] sfd ug]{ dhb'/x'Gy]F xf]nf .Ú t/, oL o'jf cfk"mn] o; sfdaf6 sdfP/ arfPsf] k};f/ s]xL C0f nufgL u/]/ rfF8} dw'jg ahf/df lah'nLsf] k;n ;d]tvf]n]/ …;fx"hLÚ g} x'g] of]hgfdf 5g\ . cfk"m lah'nLsf] sfd ug{ …;fO6Údf uPsf] a]nf k;ndf efO / a'afn] ;3fpg] pgL atfpF5g\ .

;~hLjn] cfk"mnfO{ ufpF3/ / j/k/ /fd|f];Fu sfd ug]{ lah'nLld:qLsf] ¿kdf lrgfpg yfln;s]sf 5g\ . ;~hLjeGbf klxn]b]lv g}o; sfddf ;+nUg pgsf ;xsdL{ gf/fo0fk|;fb e§/fO{ eG5g\, …l;l8lkn] lbnfPsf] tflnd lgs} /fd|f] /x]5 . ;~hLjn]lah'nL;DaGwL sfd /fd|f];Fu ug{ hfg]sf] 5 .Ú :yfgLo j8f cWoIfs]bf/ lji6n] klg s]xL ;do cufl8 j8f sfof{nosf] jfol/ªsf]sfd nufpFbf ;~hLj / pgsf ;fyLn] ;f] sfd /fd|f];Fu u/]sf]atfP . pgLx¿sf] sfd b]v]/} lji6n] :yfgLo ljBfnosf] jfol/ªsf]sfd ug{ ;d]t pgLx¿nfO{ g} l;kmfl/z ul/lbP . ;~hLjnfO{sfdsf] vfFrf] 5}g . pgL ufpFeGbf lgs} 6f9fsf] zx/ w/fg /

glhssf] k|sfzk'/ ahf/;Dd klg lah'nLsf] sfd ug{ k'Ug] u/]sf5g\ . o; sfdaf6 ePsf] cfDbfgLn] pgn] cfˆgf] efOsf] k9fO vr{/ cfˆgf] 3/vr{ rnfpg a'afnfO{ ;3fpg] u/]sf 5g\ .

cfˆgL cfdf ;b:o ePsf] :yfgLo gful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb|sf]l;kmfl/zdf ;~hLjn] @)&# ;fnsf] dª\l;/b]lv df3;Dd l;l8lksf];xof]udf cfof]hgf ePsf] of] tflnd lng] df}sf kfPsf x'g\ .cfk"mn] sfd ul//x]sf] ;fd'bflos ejgdf lah'nLsf] tf/ hf]8\b};~hLj eG5g\, …l;l8lksf] $% lbg] tflndn] t d]/f] hLjgsf] af6f]g} ablNbof] . cfly{s cj:yfs} sf/0f !! sIffeGbf dfly k9\gg;sL TolQs} cNdlnPsf] dnfO{ hLjgdf /fd|f];Fu sdfO u/]/afFRg;Sg] ;Lk lbnfof] .Ú

hLljsf]kfh{g

tflndn] abNof] – lhGbuLsf] af6f]


22

d'u' lhNnfsf] vTof8 ufpFkflnsf, j8f g+= #/ $ sf *%) 3/kl/jf/sf sl/a % xhf/afl;Gbfx¿ of] 36gf cWoog ubf{ @)&%;fnsf] c;f/ dlxgfsf] Jou| k|ltIfful//x]sf lyP . To;a]nf pgLx¿sf 3/dflah'nLsf] pHofnf] cfOk'Ug] of]hgfcg';f/hf]8tf]8sf ;fy sfd eO/x]sf] lyof] . o;/Lsfd x'g'df l;l8lk -;d'bfo ljsf;sfo{qmd_n] :yfgLo lgsfo / afl;Gbfx¿;Fuu/]sf] ;xsfo{ / cfk;L tfnd]nsf] klgdxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf /x]sf] 5 .

ufpFdf clxn];Dd ;Nnfsf] lbofnf] /s;}s;}n] ;–;fgf ;f]nf/ Kofgnaf6 aQLafn]/ sfd rnfO/x]sf 5g\ . w]/}h;f] ljkGg;d'bfosf dflg;x¿ cfk"mn] pHofnf]sf

nflu k|of]u ul//x]sf] ;Nnfsf] lbofnf]n]kof{Kt pHofnf] gx'g], cfunfuLsf] 8/ x'g],lbofnf]af6 lg:sg] w"jfFn] ubf{ :jf:Yodfc;/ kg]{ / n'uf–sk8f klg d}nf x'g] ;fy}a]n'sL kv / /ftdf 3/fo;L sfdsfh ug{cK7\of/f] x'g]h:tf ;d:ofx¿ em]Ng' kl//x]sf]atfpF5g\ . :yfgLo sflnsf df=lj=df sIff–* df k9\g] !% jifL{of k|ldnf aflgofFsfcg';f/ …;f]nf/ Kofgnn] klg k9\gsf nflu;lhnf] x'g]u/L kof{Kt pHofnf] lbFb}g / 3fdgnfu]sf lbg t aNb} aNb}g . lbofnf] afn]/k9\g t emg} d'l:sn x'G5 .Ú

jiff}{+b]lv em]Ng' kl//x]sf] of] ;d:ofsf];dfwfgsf nflu ufpFn]x¿n] sl/a ^)lsnf]jf6 Ifdtfsf] …vTof8 vf]nf n3'hnljB't of]hgfÚ ;'? u/]sf x'g\ . sl/a @s/f]8 %) nfv ?k}ofFsf] of] of]hgfdf !xhf/ $ ;o $) ld6/ 6f9faf6 k|lt;]s]G8@^% ln6/ kfgL cfO/xg] u/L kSsL s'nf]agfpg] sfd ug{ pgLx¿nfO{ cfly{s;|f]tsf] cefj eO/x]sf] lyof] . cGo sfdsfnflu eg] @)&$ ;fndf :yfgLo uf=lj=;=n]!$ nfv ?k}ofF 5'6\ofOlbPsf] lyof] . kl5ufpFkflnsfn] ;f] /sddf c¿ #) nfvylklbPsf] lyof] . ;f+;b ljsf; sf]ifaf6klg @) nfv ?k}ofF k|fKt ePsf] lyof] . cGo/sd ufpFn]x¿ cfkm}Fn] jxg ub}{ cfPsflyP .

:yfgLo ;d'bfosf] cfu|x / :yfgLo;/sf/;Fu ;xsfo{ ub}{ sfd ug]{ l;l8lksf]sfo{z}nLsf sf/0f o; sfddf l;l8lkn]s'nf]sf] &)) ld6/ efu lgdf{0f ug{ sl/a$@ nfv #^ xhf/ ?k}ofF a/fa/sf] ;xof]uu¥of] . kl/of]hgfsf] pkef]Qmf ;ldltsfcWoIf lx/f 6d6f eG5g\, …l;l8lksf] ;xof]ugePsf] eP t xfd|f] of] of]hgf clxn] klgcufl8 a9\g] g} lyPg . of] ;xof]un]xfdLnfO{ 7"nf] cfF6 lbof] . ToxL cfF6n] ubf{g} xfdLn] of] of]hgf cufl8 a9fpg ;s]sfxf}F . ca t xfdL h;/L eP klg cfpFbf]c;f/ dlxgfleq o; of]hgfaf6 ljB'tpTkfbg u/]/} 5f8\5f}F .Ú

ljB't sd pTkfbg ubf{ klg k'Ug] ;dodf /vf;ul/ lbpF;f]sf] ;dodf ;d'bfo ljsf;sfo{qmdsf] ;xof]udf lgdf{0f ul/Psf]s'nf]af6 a9L x'ghfg] kfgLn] sl/a @))3/w'/Lsf] @% x]S6/ hlt v]taf/Ldf l;FrfO;d]t ug{ ;lsg] of]hgf /x]sf] 5 .

:yfgLo ;/sf/, ;d'bfo / cGo;/f]sf/jfnfx¿;Fu o;/L ;dGjo / cfk;Ltfnd]nsf ;fy sfd u/] ;d'bfosf] lxtsfcw'/f of]hgfx¿ k"/f ug{ ;lsG5 eGg]s'/fsf] of] Pp6f /fd|f] pbfx/0f ag]sf] 5 .

k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f

cw'/f] of]hgf klg cfk;L tfnd]n / ;xsfo{n] k"/f x'g]


23

Psflt/ ;dfhdf ;a}eGbf k5fl8 kfl/Psf]blnt ;d'bfo csf]{lt/ pgLx¿s} afnaflnsfk9\g] hL0f{ / c;'/lIft ljBfno . afh'/flhNnfsf] :jfdLsflt{s vfk/ ufpFkflnsf,j8f g+= #, h'sf]6sf] blnt a:tLdf /x]sf];"of]{bo cfwf/e"t ljBfnosf] xfnt pko'QmsIff sf]7fx¿ gePs} sf/0f bogLo lyof] .t/, ca o;sf] cj:yf ab\lnPsf] 5 . sl/a@! jif{cl3 :yfkgf ePsf] o; ljBfnodfs'n ljBfyL{dWo] nueu () k|ltzt blnt;d'bfos} afnaflnsf k9\g] u5{g\ .

klxn] t 8]:s–a]~rljxLg w'nfDo] sIffsf]7fx¿, eTs]sf e\mofn–9f]sf, kfgL r'lxg]5fgf, nl8xfNnfg\ ls eg]h:tf kvf{nx¿ /To:t} cj:yfsf g} ePklg ckof{Kt sIffsf]7fx¿ lyP . o:tf] cj:yfdf ljBfnocfpg s;n] dg u5{ / < ;f] ljBfnoJoj:yfkg ;ldltsf cWoIf s'a]/axfb'/ zfxLeG5g\, …klxn] t ;a} lzIfs / ljBfyL{x¿cfpg df};dn] ;fy lbPdfq xf], gq t sIffsf]7fx¿ vfnL x'Gy] . k7g–kf7g ug]{–u/fpg]jftfj/0f g} lyPg .Ú :yfgLo cleefjssdnf lj=s= ylK5g\, …afnaflnsf ljBfnouPeg] klg w'nfDo] sIff sf]7fdf e'OFdf a;]/w"n}w"nf] / kmf]xf]/L eP/ 3/ kms{Gy] .Ú

ljBfnosf] of] ;d:of ;f] ufpFdf ;d'bfoljsf; sfo{qmd -l;l8lk_sf] ;xof]u /

;xhLs/0fdf u7g ePsf] gful/s ;r]tgfs]Gb|sf dlxnfx¿sf] aLrdf klg 5nkmnsf]ljifo aGof] . s]Gb|sf dlxnfx¿n] :yfgLoafl;Gbf, ufpFkflnsf / l;l8lk;Dd of];d:of p7fP . ljBfnodf kfFrj6f pko'QmsIff sf]7fx¿ geOgx'g] / To;sf nflutLgj6f k'/fg} sIff sf]7f dd{t\–;Def/ ug{;lsg] Pjd\ b'O{j6f rflxF gofF g} agfpg' kg]{b]lvof] . o; ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfgsf nflu:yfgLo dfucg';f/ l;l8lksf] ;xof]udf@)&$ ;fnsf] df3 dlxgfaf6 b'O{j6f gofFsIff sf]7f ePsf] ejg lgdf{0f z'¿ eof] .s'n !( nfv ^& xhf/ * ;o * ?k}ofFsf]nfutdf @)&% ;fnsf] h]7 dlxgfdf ;DkGgePsf] o;sf] lgdf{0fdf l;l8lkn] !& nfv $!xhf/ % ;o ^# ?k}ofF jxg u¥of] . afFsL/sd :yfgLo ;d'bfon] df6f] vGg], afn'jf–9'ª\uf af]Sg] / cGo cfjZos ;fdu|L lgdf{0f–:yn;Dd 9'jfgL ug]{ h:tf sfdx¿df>dbfg u/]/ jxg u/] . :yfgLo ufpFkflnsfn]tLgj6f k'/fg} sIff sf]7f dd{t\–;Def/ ug{]sfddf ;3fof] . kfFrj6} sIff sf]7fsf nflucfjZos 8]:s–a]~r klg l;l8lks};xof]uaf6 Jojl:yt ul/of] .

cleefjs sdnf lj=s=sf] b[li6sf]0fdf …l;l8lkn] o;/L ul/a / blnt ;d'bfosfafnaflnsf k9\g] ljBfno ejg agfOlbg' /

kmlg{r/ klg pknAw u/fOlbg' ;d'bfosfnflu ;a}eGbf 7"nf] ;xof]u xf] .Ú ljBfnoJoj:yfkg ;ldltsf cWoIf zfxL klg cfˆgf]ljBfnosf] lgs} 7"nf] ;d:of ;dfwfgePsf]df w]/} v'zL nfu]sf] atfpg' x'G5 .:yfgLo ufpFkflnsfsf k|d'v lr/~hLjLzfxLsf cg';f/ …l;l8lksf] o:tf] sfd ul/aPjd\ blnt ;d'bfosf nflu pbfx/0fLoag]sf] 5 . o; sfddf ckgfOPsf]kf/blz{tfsf] kIf klg /fd|f] pbfx/0f ePsf] 5 .Ú

:yfgLo afl;Gbfx¿sf cg';f/ carflxFljBfnodf ljBfyL{ / lzIfs k"/f ;do;Dde]nf eP/ cWoog / cWofkg ug]{ jftfj/0fl;h{gf ePsf] 5 .

k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f

blnt afnaflnsfn] kfP–pko'Qm sIff sf]7fx¿


24

k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f

wg'iff lhNnfsf] x/a/faf6 x¶Lk'/ hfg] af6f]df lbgx'F xhf/f}Fdflg;x¿ lxF8\5g\ . ;of}F ;fOsn, df]6/;fOsn, aonuf8f /uf8Lx¿ cfjt–hfjt u5{g\ . ;of}Fsf] ;ª\Vofdf afnaflnsfx¿ljBfno hfg] af6f] klg oxL xf] . of] af6f]df /x]sf] w'/ vf]N;fdfk'n geP/ jiff}{+b]lv k|To]s aif{ft\df oL ;a}n] ;f:tL v]Kg' kl//x]sf] lyof] .

ToxfFsf k"j{ uf=lj=;= cWoIf /fdrGb| d08n eG5g\, …d}n]klxn]b]lv g} oxfF kSsL k'n agfpg vf]h]sf] t x'F t/ ah]6sf]cefjn] ;ls/x]sf] lyOgF . clxn] cfP/ l;l8lk -;d'bfo ljsf;sfo{qmd_sf] ;xof]udf of] k'n -sNe6{_ ag]kl5 w]/} v'zL nfu]sf] 5 .Ú

s'n ( nfv (@ xhf/ ! ;o *$ ?k}ofFsf] nfutdf agfOPsf] of]sNe6{sf] lgdf{0fdf :yfgLo afl;Gbfn] klg cfˆgf] tkm{af6 >dbfgnufot sl/a %) xhf/ ?k}ofF a/fa/sf] of]ubfg u/]sf 5g\ .afFsL /sd rflxF l;l8lkaf6} nufgL ul/Psf] 5 . @)&# ;fnsf]df3 dlxgfaf6 aGg ;'? u/]/ @)&$ ;fnsf] ;fpgdf o;sf]lgdf{0f ;DkGg ePsf] xf] . ;dodf ah]6 gcfpg] / sfddfl9nf;':tL Pjd\ k|fljlws sl7gfO x'g]h:tf ;d:of gePsfn];dod} lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg ug{ ;lsPsf] ;f] sNe6{ lgdf{0f;ldltsf cWoIf /fd;fu/ d08n pNn]v u5{g\ .

sNe6{ ag]sf] w'/ vf]N;fsf] 5]pd} cfˆgf] v]tL ePsfn] :yfgLoafl;Gbf lx/fnfn d08n klxn] klg af/Daf/ ToxfF k'Ug] ub{y] .klxn] kfgLn] pko'Qm lgsf; gkfPsfn] pgL nufot :yfgLoafl;Gbfx¿sf] v]tL hlxNo} 8'afgdf kg]{ ub{Yof] . k'n -sNe6{_ag]kl5 cfjt–hfjtdf dfq ;'ljwf k'u]sf] geO{ sNe6{af6 ;lhn}kfgL lgsf; eP/ 8'afgsf] ;d:of klg w]/} sd ePsf] lx/fnfnatfpF5g\ .

:yfgLo ;/sf/sf j8f ;b:o jL/]Gb|s'df/ d08nsf cg';f/ sNe6{lgdf{0f sfo{ kf/bzL{ 9ª\un] ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . s] s] sfddf s]slt nufgL eO/x]sf] 5 eGg] s'/f ;d]t lgdf{0f sfo{s} a]nf ToxfFaf]8{ 6fFu]/ pNn]v ul/Psf] lyof] . ToxfF n]lvPsf] nfut /sd klghfoh lyof] . s'g} l9nf;':tL a]u/} sfd ;DkGg eof] . To;}n] of]sNe6{ lgdf{0f sfo{ o; If]qsf nflu ljsf;–lgdf{0f sfo{ s;/L;~rfng ug'{ kb{5 eGg] s'/fsf] gd"gf klg ePsf] 5 .

:yfgLo afl;Gbfx¿ ;f] If]qsf c¿ tLgj6f vf]N;fdf o:t}sNe6{x¿ agfpg' h?/L /x]sf] atfpF5g\ .

sNe6{ lgdf{0fn] ;a}nfO{ ;'ljwf


25

…Ps kGy, b'O{ sfhÚ eg] em}F x'Dnf lhNnfsf]vfk'{gfy–% df /x]sf] dfGwf/f dfWoldsljBfnosf] ejg lgdf{0f sfo{n] k"jf{wf/lgdf{0f / ;'zf;g b'j} If]qdf of]ubfgk'¥ofPsf] 5 .

…ca ufO{–uf]? cfP/ xfd|f] lstfa sfkL /vfhf vfOlbg] ;d:of klg 6g]{ eof], sIffsf]7fleq} a]~rdf a;]/ 8]:sdf sfkL–lstfa/fvL klxnf]k6s n]Vg–k9\g klg kfOg] eof] .Ú ;f] ljBfnodf sIff–!) dfcWoog/t 5fqf ;kgf zfxL lgs} v'zL l5g\ .

@)## ;fndf :yfkgf eP/ @)^* ;fnb]lvdfWolds tx ;~rfngsf] cg'dlt kfPsf]!)* hgf ljBfyL{ cWoog/t o;ljBfnodf 5j6f sIff sf]7fx¿sf] cefjlyof] . o;n] ubf{ ljBfyL{x¿ of t ljBfnocufl8sf] ufO{a:t' ;d]t rl/r/g ug]{ v'nfrf}/df a;]/ of km/s–km/s sIffsf ljBfyL{klg Pp6} sf]7fdf sf]lRrP/ cWoog ug{afWo lyP . of] ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu:yfgLo ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿n] u/]sf] cfu|xdf;d'bfo ljsf; sfo{qmd -l;l8lk_ n] sl/a@# nfv $* xhf/ * ;o () ?k}ofF nufgLu/]/ tLg sf]7] ljBfno ejg lgdf{0ful/lbof] . @)&# ;fnsf] j}zfv @# ut]l;l8lk, ejg lgdf{0f pkef]Qmf ;ldlt /

tTsfnLg uf=lj=;=aLr ePsf];Demf}tfcg';f/ ;f] ejg lgdf{0fdf :yfgLo;d'bfon] klg sl/a $# xhf/ ?k}ofFa/fa/sf] nufgL u/] . afFsL tLgj6f sf]7frflxF lhNnf lzIff sfof{no–x'Dnfsf];xof]udf lgdf{0f ePsf 5g\ . l;l8lkn]sIff sf]7fdf ljBfyL{x¿ a:gsf nflu #);]6 8]:s–a]~r ;d]t pknAw u/fPsf] 5 .

ljBfnosf k|wfgfWofks lbnaxfb'/ zfxLgofF sIff sf]7f / kmlg{r/x¿ pknAwePsfn] Jojl:yt z}lIfs jftfj/0f sfodub}{ u'0f:t/Lo lzIff k|bfg ug{ w]/} 7"nf]d2t k'u]sf] pNn]v u5{g\ .

l;l8lkn] ejg lgdf{0fdf ckgfPsf]k|lqmofnfO{ klg :yfgLo afl;Gbf /;/f]sf/jfnfx¿n] ;x|fxgf u/]sf 5g\ . o;k|lqmofdf ejg lgdf{0f cfrf/;+lxtfckgfpg'sf ;fy} lgdf{0f–k"j{ g} ;/f]sf/jfnf/ pkef]Qmfx¿nfO{ lgdf{0f k|lqmofdfckgfpg' kg]{ ljifoj:t'x¿sf af/]df tflndlbOPsf] lyof] . tflnddf ;/f]sf/jfnf /pkef]Qmfx¿sf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ Pjd\clwsf/d'vL cjwf/0ff, lgdf{0fdf eO/x]sf]vr{ ljj/0f, n}lª\us ;dfj]zLs/0f, ljkb\Joj:yfkg, lgoldt cg'udg, of]hgfsf]k|lqmofut cj:yf hfgsf/L u/fpg] sfo{tyf ;fj{hlgs n]vf k/LIf0f h:tf

ljifoj:t' ;dfj]z ul/Psf lyP . tflndkl5;f]xLcg';f/ ljleGg ;ldlt tyfpk;ldltx¿ u7g u/L lgdf{0f sfo{ cl3a9fOPsf] lyof] .

l;l8lksf] ;xof]u / ;xhLs/0fdf of]k|lqmof ckgfOPkl5 lhNnf lzIff sfo{nosf];xof]udf ul/Psf] lgdf{0f sfo{df klg o:t}k|lqmof cjnDag ul/Psf] lyof] . l;l8lksfx'Dnf lhNnf ;+of]hs /fhaxfb'/ /f]sfof …of]lgdf{0f sfo{n] u'0f:t/Lo z}lIfs jftfj/0f:yfkgfsf ;fy} ;'zf;g k|j4{gdf ;d]t:yfgLo txdf Pp6f gofF Oltxf; /Rg;kmn ePsf]df w]/} v'zL nfu]sf]Ú ljrf/JoQm u5{g\ .

k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f

Pp6} lgdf{0f sfo{af6 bf]xf]/f] of]ubfg


26

k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f

hfh/sf]6 lhNnfsf] tTsfnLg yfnf/}s/ uf=lj=;= -xfnM lzjfnoufpFkflnsf_sf j8f g+= & / * sf afl;Gbfx¿ cfhsnvfg]kfgLsf] ;d:of ;dfwfg ePsf]df lgs} v'zL 5g\ . …lbgx'Fvf]nf;Dd uP/ ufu|fdf kfgL af]s]/ NofpFbf 9f8sf] 5fnf g}v'OlnO;s]sf]Ú atfpg] :yfgLo j[4f cd[tL zfxLsf] h:tf] ;d:ofca :yfgLo afl;Gbfn] ef]Ug' gkg]{ ePsf] 5 . j8f g+= * lgjf;L

nlntf yfkf du/ elG5g\, …klxn] vf]nfdf kfgL lng hfg] /cfpg] ;dodf t clxn] 3/wGbfsf] ;a} sfd EofpF5' .Ú

jiff}{+b]lv oxfFsf afl;Gbfx¿ vfg]kfgLsf] cefjn] ubf{ sl/a cfwf306fsf] b"/Ldf /x]sf] vf]nfsf] c:j:ys/ kfgL NofO{ vfg afWolyP . ufpFaf6 6f9f /x]sf] vf]nfsf] kfgL af]s]/ NofO{ kmf/f] u/]/rnfpg' kg]{ ePsfn] :yfgLo afl;Gbfx¿n] JolQmut ;/;kmfOdfklg /fd|f] Wofg lbg ;s]sf lyPgg\ . emf8fkvfnfsf] ;d:ofn];d]t ufpFnfO{ af/Daf/ cfqmfGt kfg]{ uYof]{ .

:yfgLo j8f sfof{no / uf=lj=;=df pgLx¿n] of] ;d:of;dfwfgsf nflu ljut rf/ jif{b]lv cg'/f]w ul//x]sf lyP . t/,;d:of ;dfwfg x'g ;ls/x]sf] lyPg . pgLx¿n] of] ;d:ofufpFdf ;'? ePsf] l;l8lk -;d'bfo ljsf; sfo{qmd_df klg /fv] .l;l8lkn] o;sf] :ynut cWoog u/]/ tTsfnLg j8f g+= & / *b'j} 7fpFdf Ps–Psj6f vfg]kfgL of]hgf lgdf{0f ul/lbg] eof] .o; sfo{sf nflu :yfgLo:t/df ;dfj]zL 9ª\usf ;ldltx¿ u7geP . ;a}n] xf]:6]df x}F;] u/] . kmn:j¿k @)&# ;fnsf] c;f/ @*ut]b]lv l;l8lksf] ;xof]udf lgdf{0f ;'? ePsf] vfg]kfgL of]hgfsl/a Ps dlxgfs} cjlwdf cyf{t\ @)&# ;fpg #) ut] ;DkGgeOxfNof] .

ufpFd} cfPsf] :jR5 kfgLsf] wf/fdf g'xfpFb} :yfgLo /fdaxfb'/zfxL eG5g\, …vfg]kfgLsf] ;d:of t ;dfwfg eof] g} 3/5]pd}g'xfO–w'jfO / ;/;kmfO ug{ klg ;lhnf] eof] .Ú nlntf csf]{kmfObf klg atfpFl5g\, …o;/L kfgL cfPkl5 t s/];faf/Ldf tfhft/sf/L ;d]t pAhfP/ vfg ;lsg] eOof] .Ú

ca vf]nfdf kfgL lng hfg' kb}{g


27

k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f

…ca t d]/L gfltgL e"sDkn] klg c;/ gkg]{sIffdf k9\g kfpg] eO{ . lgs} v'zL nfu]sf]5 .Ú of] egfO xf], h'Dnf lhNnfsf] tftf]kfgLufpFkflnsf, j8f g+= ^ sL ^) jifL{ofkfgdtL /fjtsf] . csL{ %^ jifL{of /fddfofk/fh'nL klg cfˆgf] gflt To:tf] sf]7fdfk9\g kfpg] ePsfn] v'zL l5g\ .

kfgdtL / /fddfof dfq geO{ tftf]kfgLufpFkflnsf, j8f g+= ^ df /x]sf] j;Gtcfwf/e"t ljBfno kl/jf/ / j/k/sf ;a}afl;Gbfx¿df clxn] v'zL 5fPsf] 5 .pgLx¿ ;d'bfo ljsf; sfo{qmd -l;l8lk_sf] ;xof]udf ljBfnosf b'O{j6f sIff sf]7f/xg] gofF ejg lgdf{0fdf pT;fx /;lqmotfsf ;fy nflu/x]sf 5g\ .

klxn] rf/j6f sIff sf]7fx¿ /x]sf]ljBfnosf b'O{j6f sf]7f cToGt hL0f{ /c;'/lIft ePsfn] ToxfF cWofkg sfo{ aGbul/Psf] lyof] . afn ljsf; s]Gb| tyf sIff!, @ / # u/L rf/j6f sIffsf] k9fO x'g]o; ljBfnodf ljifo ldnfP/ Pp6} sf]7fdfPs}k6s b'O{j6f sIffsf ljBfyL{x¿nfO{/fv]/ k9fOGYof] .

ljBfno kl/jf/ / :yfgLo afl;Gbfx¿n] of];d:ofsf sf/0f gofF sIff sf]7fx¿sf]lgdf{0fsf nflu j8f sfof{nodf cg'/f]w

u/]sf lyP . j8f sfof{non] klg ;d:ofufpFkflnsfdf k'¥ofPsf] lyof] . ufpFkflnsfn]cfˆgf] ;Lldt ;|f]tsf sf/0f gofF ljBfnoejg agfpg ;s]sf] lyPg . a?, p;n] of]sfd ul/lbg l;l8lknfO{ cfu|x u¥of] .To;kl5 @)&$ kmfu'g @^ ut] :yfgLoufpFkflnsf / j8f ;ldlt;Fu ;Demf}tf u/]/l;l8lkn] ;f] ljBfnodf b'O{j6f e"sDkk|lt/f]wL sIff sf]7f ;lxtsf] ejg, ToxfF/fVg'kg]{ @$ hf]/ 8]:s–a]~r, b'O{j6f b/fh/ b'O{j6f XjfO6–af]8{ ;d]tsf nflu sl/a!( nfv *) xhf/ ?k}ofF a/fa/sf] ;xof]uug]{ eof] . o; lgdf{0f sfo{df rflxg]afn'jf, 9'ª\uf, sf7 / lu6L 9'jfgLsf] sfdeg] :yfgLo afl;Gbfx¿n] hg>dbfgsf]¿kdf cfkm}F ug]{ eP . o;}cg';f/ sfd x'Fb}uP/ @)&% ;fnsf] h]7 dlxgfdf lgdf{0fsfo{ clGtd r/0flt/ k'Uof] . lgdf{0f;ldltsf cWoIf uf]/v sfdL eG5g\, …xfdL@)&% ;fnsf] c;f/;Dddf lgdf{0fsf] ;Dk"0f{sfo{ ;Sg] of]hgfsf ;fy sfd ul//x]sf 5f}F .Ú lgdf{0f sfo{sf] cg'udg ;ldltsfcWoIf ;d]t /x]sf :yfgLo j8f cWoIfljzfn v8\sfsf cg';f/ lgdf{0f sfo{u'0f:t/Lo 9ª\un] eO/x]sf] 5 .

;f] ljBfnodf rf/j6} sIffdf u/L $! hgfljBfyL{ cWoog ul//x]sf] k|wfgfWofks k"0f{

;'gf/ atfpF5g\ . pgL eG5g\, …o;/L e"sDkk|lt/f]wL sIff sf]7f alg/x]sf] / 5'§f5'§}sIffdf a;]/ ljBfyL{n] k9\g kfpg] cj:yfl;h{gf x'g nfu]sfn] ljBfyL{ ;ª\Vof a9\gyfn]sf] xf] . cl3Nnf] z}lIfs ;qdf t @*hgfdfq ljBfyL{ lyP . pgsf cg';f/ljBfyL{ a9\g] qmd cem} lg/Gt/ 5 .

…l;l8lksf] ;xof]udf olt rfF8} kf/bzL{ /u'0f:t/Lo 9ª\un] lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg x'gnfu]sf] kfpFbfÚ cfk"mnfO{ …s]xL cfZro{ /lgs} a9L v'zL nfu]sf]Ú klg k|wfgfWofks;'gf/ pNn]v ug{ e'Nb}gg\ .

sIff sf]7f lgdf{0f – cfZro{ / v'zL b'j}


28

k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f

…klxn] t d cfˆgf] vNtLd} j8f sfof{nosf] 5fk / Kof8 af]s]/lxF8\y]F . hxfF h] cfjZos k¥of] ToxLF sfd uy]{F . Ps lsl;dn] d]/f]vNtL g} j8f sfof{no h:tf] lyof] . kl5 ef8fdf sf]7f lnP/ a:of}F .ca rflxF l;l8lk -;d'bfo ljsf; sfo{qmd_sf] ;xof]udf kfos kg]{7fpFdf cfˆg} ejg aGg yfn]sfn] ;lhnf] x'g] ePsf] 5 .Ú h'DnflhNnfsf] tLnf ufpFkflnsf, j8f g+= $ sf cWoIf ;Gtaxfb'/ zfxLcfˆgf] syf ;'gfpF5g\ .

pgsf cg';f/ klxn] s'8f/L uf=lj=;= /x]sf] j8f sfof{no kfos kg]{7fpFdf gePsfn] lgs} ;d:of lyof] . of] ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu

cfu|x u/]kl5 sl/a ! s/f]8 *# nfv ?k}ofFsf] cg'dflgt lgdf{0fnfutsf] clwsf+z lx:;f l;l8lkn] Aoxf]/]/ / ufpFkflnsfn] sl/a #nfv &) xhf/ ?k}ofF jxg u/]/ !$ sf]7fsf] ejg aGg yfn]sf] xf] . @)&$ r}t @) ut]af6 lgdf{0f sfo{ ;'? ePsf] of] ejg @)&%;fnsf] ebf}lt/ ;DkGg x'g] of]hgf /flvPsf] 5 . husf nflu vfN6f]vGbf r§fg e]l6Psfn] k|f/lDes lgdf{0f sfo{ s]xL l9nf] ePsf] t/ca o;n] ult lng yfn]sf] j8fWoIf zfxL atfpF5g\ .

lgdf{0f sfo{ ;lsP/ kof{Kt sf]7fx¿ ePkl5 :yfgLo hgtfnfO{cfjZos kg]{ ljleGg lsl;dsf ;]jfx¿ Pp6} ejgaf6 pknAwu/fpg ;lsg] / ;'zf;g sfod ug{ ;lhnf] x'g] j8f cWoIf zfxLsf]ljZjf; 5 . of] ejg lgdf{0f sfo{n] :yfgLo afl;GbfnfO{ s]xLdlxgfsf nflu /f]huf/L ;d]t k|bfg u/]sf] pgL pNn]v u5{g\ .lgdf{0f sfo{sf] d'Vo lhDd]jf/L lnPsf hgs zfxL cfkm}F …x]8ld:qLÚsf] ¿kdf ToxfF sfd ul//x]sf 5g\ . pgsf cg';f/ lgdf{0f;fdu|L af]s]/ Nofpg] sfddf @%) hgf;Ddn] / lgdf{0f sfo{sf];fdfGo cj:yfdf ;/b/ !%–@) hgfn] lgoldt /f]huf/L kfO/x]sf]cj:yf 5 . …Ps–b'O{hgf l;kfn' ld:qLx¿ afx]s /f]huf/L kfpg]x¿k|foM ;a} :yfgLo g} 5g\ .Ú

of] ejg lgdf{0fsf] ;Gbe{ ;d]t hf]8\b} tLnf ufpFkflnsfsf k|d'v/tggfy of]uL eG5g\, …l;l8lksf] æ;ˆ6 j]o/Æ -hgr]tgfd"ns sfo{_/ æxf8{ j]o/Æ -ef}lts ;+/rgf tyf k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f sfo{_ b'j}vfnsf sfd ug]{ kIf c¿eGbf km/s / /fd|f] 5 . o;n] ;f]em}:yfgLo ;/sf/;Fu ;dGjo u/]/ sfd ug]{ u/]sf] kIf klg ;x«fxgLodfGg' kb{5 . l;l8lksf nflu d]/f] Pp6} dfq ;'emfj 5 – o;n]eljiodf klg lg/Gt/tf kfO/xf];\ .Ú

vNtLsf] j8f sfof{no ca cfˆg} ejgdf ;g]{


29

k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f

…klxn]sf] vfg]kfgLsf] ;d:of t eg]/ ;fWog} 5}g . /flt g} p7]/ cfwf 306f lxF8]/vfg]kfgLsf] d'xfgdf k'uL kfnf] kv]{/a:g'kYof]{ . clxn] t 3/3/} wf/f cfPsf] 5 . wf/f b]Vof] ls dnfO{ t v'zLn] tfnLlk6\g dg nfU5 .Ú h'Dnf lhNnfsf] u'7Lrf}/ufpFkflnsf, j8f g+= % sf] lwtf ufpFsLdlxnf gGb rf}FnfufOF{ klxn]sf] ;d:of /clxn] ePsf] ;'ljwf b'j} ;DemFb} v'zL JoQmul5{g\ .

klxn] dflyNnf] lwtfdf Pp6f / tNnf]lwtfdf csf]{ u/L b'O{j6f dfq vfg]kfgLsfwf/f lyP . ltgdf klg kof{Kt kfgL gcfpg]ePsfn] ufpFsf #% 3/w'/Ln] ufu|Lx¿ w]/};do;Dd nfOgdf /fVg'kYof]{ . of] ;d:of;dfwfgsf nflu :yfgLo afl;Gbfx¿n];d'bfo ljsf; sfo{qmd -l;l8lk_nfO{cg'/f]w u/] . o; lwtf vfg]kfgL lgdf{0f;ldltsf ;b:o gf/fo0f lwtfnsf cg';f/l;l8lkn] ;d:of cWoog u/]/ @)&$ ;fnkmfu'g @$ ut] :yfgLo j8f ;ldlt /pkef]Qmfx¿sf] ;d"x;Fu ;xsfo{ ug]{;Demf}tf u¥of] . ;Demf}tfcg';f/ vfg]kfgLof]hgfsf nflu p;n] !% nfv $) xhf/ ^;o $$ ?k}ofF pknAw u/fpg] eof] . gk'u# nfv $* xhf/ $ ;o &) ?k}ofF :yfgLo;d'bfon] g} jxg ug]{ eP . o;

of]hgfcGtu{t vfg]kfgLsf] d'xfgaf6ufpF;Dd kfOk nfOg cfPkl5 ;f] kfOknfOgaf6 cf–cfˆgf 3/;Dd kfOk / wf/fhf]8\g] sfd ;DalGwt 3/wgL cfkm}Fn]ug'{kg]{ ;xdlt aGof] . oL ;xdltx¿x'gf;fy @)&% c;f/ !) ut]leq of]hgf;DkGg ug]{u/L @)&$ r}t @ ut]af6 sfd;'? eOxfNof] . pkef]Qmf ;d"xn];lqmotfk"j{s sfd u/]sfn] c;f/df ;Sg]eg]sf] sfd h]7sf] klxnf] xKtfd} ;DkGgeof] .

:yfgLo afl;Gbf /fdk|;fb Gof}kfg] /gjfgGb rf}FnfufO{F eG5g\, …pkef]Qmf;d"xsf cWoIf lji0f' lwtfn / pgsf]cWoIftfdf /x]sf] ;ldltsf kbflwsf/Lx¿n]lbg/ft gegL v6]/ sfdsf] ;+of]hgu/]sfn] g} tf]lsPsf] ;doeGbf cufj} sfd;DkGg ePsf] xf] .Ú cWoIf lwtfn rflxFo;sf] >]o :yfgLo afl;Gbfx¿sf];lqmotfnfO{ g} lbG5g\ . pgL of] of]hgfsfnflu kfgLsf] d'xfg ePsf] hUuf pknAwu/fpg] /flwsf lwtfnk|lt klg cfef/L 5g\ .

o; sfddf dlxnfx¿n] v]n]sf] e"ldsfnfO{;DemFb} :yfgLo k'¿ifx¿ …sl/a &% k|ltztsfd t dlxnfx¿n] g} u/]sf]Ú atfpF5g\ .

:yfgLo b]jLsGof rf}FnfufO{F / OGb|nIdLGof}kfg]sf] egfO 5, …xfdLn] Toltv]/ kfOknfOgsf nflu hldg vGg], lu6L s'6\g],;fdfg af]Sg], ld:qLnfO{ ;3fpg HofdL em}Fsfd ug]{ ;a} If]qdf lgs} v6]/} sfd u¥of}F .ToxL v6fOn] ubf{ clxn] ;'ljwf eof] .Ú

lwtf ufpFsf] of] vfg]kfgL of]hgf ;a}n]ldn]/ Ps–csf{k|ltsf] ;Ddfg, cfk;L;lqmotf / ;xof]usf ;fy sfd ubf{;dod} ljsf;–lgdf{0fsf sfdx¿ ;DkGgx'g ;S5g\ eGg] s'/fsf] /fd|f] pbfx/0fag]sf] 5 .

;a}n] ldn]/ ubf{ ;kmn ag]sf] sfd


30

k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f

;'g;/L lhNnfsf] sf]zL ufpFkflnsf, j8fg+= !, nf}sxLdf /x]sf] :jf:Yo rf}sLn] lbg]u/]sf] k|;"tL ;]jfsf] rrf{ nf}sxL /j/k/dfq geO{ l5d]sL d'n's ef/tsf;LdfjtL{ If]q;Dd klg x'g] u/]sf] 5 . o:tf]rrf{n] ubf{ oL ;a} If]qaf6 k|;"tL ;]jf /;Nnfx lng xKt}lkR5] ;of}F dlxnfx¿cfpg] u/]sf 5g\ .

;f] k|;"tL u[x lgdf{0f ;ldltsL pkfWoIftyf :yfgLo dlxnf nlntfs'df/L ;fxsfcg';f/ klxn] t o; :jf:Yo rf}sLdf k|;"tLu/fpg] ;]jf–;'ljwf g} lyPg . ue{–hfFrklg xKtfsf] Pslbg dfq ug]{ ul/GYof] .To;lbg l5rf]lng;Sg' eL8 x'GYof] .ue{jtL dlxnfx¿nfO{ lgs} ;f:tL lyof] .

o:tf] ;d:ofsf af/]df ufpFdf ;d'bfoljsf; sfo{qmd -l;l8lk_ cGtu{t u7gePsf] gful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb|sf dlxnfx¿n]5nkmn u/] . of] s'/f pgLx¿n] tTsfnLgufpF ljsf; ;ldltdf klg k'¥ofP .To;kl5 uf=lj=;= / gful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb|b'j}n] ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu l;l8lknfO{cg'/f]w u/] . ;d:ofsf] d'Vo sf/0f :jf:Yorf}sLdf o:tf] ;]jf k|bfg ug{] 7fpF gx'g' g}lyof] . To;}n] l;l8lkn] o:tf] ;]jf k|bfgug{ pko'Qm x'g] k|;"tL u[x lgdf{0f ug{ @@nfv !% xhf/ % ;o &$ ?k}ofF pknAwu/fpg] eof] . gk'u $ nfv %) xhf/?k}ofF uf=lj=;= / :yfgLo ;d'bfon] jxgug]{ ;xdlt aGof] . oxL ;xdltcg';f/@)&# dª\l;/ @) ut]af6 k|;"tL u[xlgdf{0f of]hgf ;''? eP/ @)&$ ebf} #)ut] ;DkGg eof] .

nf}sxLsf :yfgLo j8f cWoIf /fhs'df/;fx eG5g\, …ejg lgdf{0f ePkl5 o;sfnflu rflxg] kmlg{r/, pks/0f / yk:jf:YosdL{ xfd|f] j8f ;ldltsf]l;kmfl/zdf ufpFkflnsfn] pknAw u/fof] .o; s]Gb|sf] ;]jf lng ;lhn} cfpg ;lsg]sf]zL ufpFkflnsfdf dfq} k|ltjif{ ! xhf/ #;oeGbf a9L dlxnfx¿ ue{jtL x'g] u/]sf]tYofª\s 5 . pgLx¿sf] cnfjf cGoqaf6

cfpg] / ;a} k|sf/sf k|;"tL ;]jf / ;Nnfxlng] ;d]t ubf{ t jif{df !) xhf/eGbfa9L dlxnfx¿n] oxfFaf6 ;]jf kfpg ;S5g\ .Ú

;f] k|;"tL u[x /x]sf] :jf:Yo rf}sLsf k|d'vof]u]Gb|k|;fb ;fx yK5g\, …of] ejg gx'Fbfb'O{j6f ;–;fgf sf]7fdf sf]lRrP/ ;a}lsl;dsf :jf:Yo ;]jf lbg'kYof]{ . eL8ef8klg ax't\ x'GYof] . o:tf] l:yltdf ue{jtLdlxnfsf] hfFr ug{ ;Dej} lyPg . To;}n]xfdLn] k|To]s dª\unjf/ dfq} ue{jtLdlxnfsf] hfFrsf nflu 5'6\ofPsf lyof}F .clxn] t w]/} ;lhnf] ePsf] 5 . ;a} lbgxfdL o:tf] ;]jf lbG5f}F / ue{–hfFrdfqxf]Og, k|;"tL klg u/fpF5f}F .Ú

ca of] ;]jf @$ 306f g} k|bfg ug]{p2]Zon] :jf:YosdL{x¿sf] cfjf; Joj:yfldnfpg ufpFkflnsfn] clxn]sf] ejgdflycsf]{ tnf yKg] sfd ;d]t ;'? ul/;s]sf]5 . of] k|;"tL u[x lgdf{0f sfo{ ;Dk"0f{dlxnfx¿ dfq /x]sf] ;ldltn] u/]sf] lyof] .;f] ;ldltsf] sfd kf/bzL{ / pko'QmePsfn] dflyNnf] tnf lgdf{0f ;ldltdfklg ;a} dlxnf g} /flvPsf] j8f cWoIf;fx pNn]v u5{g\ .

rrf{ 5 – k|;"tL u[xsf]


31

;'zf;g

d'u' lhNnfsf] vTof8 ufpFkflnsf, j8f g++=$ df ;'zf;g ;'b[9Ls/0fsf nflu …cª\s–kqtflnsfÚ k|of]u ug{ yflnPsf] 5 . o;n] ubf{;]jf k|bfos :yfgLo lgsfox¿n] k|bfg ug]{;]jf–;'ljwfsf k|lqmofx¿df ;'wf/ b]lvgyfn]sf] 5 .

:yfgLo ;]jfu|fxL tyf gful/s ;r]tgfs]Gb|sL ;+of]hs dLgf 9sfn elG5g\, …o;sf]k|of]u ;'? x'gf;fy} ;]jf k|bfos lgsfosfsd{rf/Lx¿ ;dod} sfof{no cfpg yfn]sf5g\ . klxn] cf7 dlxgfdf klg kfpgd'l:sn kg]{ ;fdflhs ;'/Iff eQf rf}dfl;s¿kd} ljt/0f ug{ yflnPsf] 5 . klxn]h:tf]7"nf7fn' / cfkmGtnfO{ dfq k|fyldstf lbP/k|bfg ul/g] ;]jf clxn] ;a} ;]jfu|fxLnfO{ …So"Údf /fv]/ ;dfg 9ª\un] lbg yflnPsf] 5 .Ú

l;l8lk -;d'bfo ljsf; sfo{qmd_ cGtu{tvTof8 ufpFkflnsf / :yfgLo tx Pjd\ljifout ;]jf k|bfos lgsfox¿df ;'zf;gk|j4{g ug{ @)&$ ;fnsf] k';af6;d'bfo:t/Lo …cª\s–kq tflnsfÚ sf] ljlwk|of]udf NofOPsf] xf] . o; ljlwdf ;]jfk|bfos lgsfox¿ / ;]jfu|fxLx¿nfO{ Ps}7fpFdf e]nf u/fP/ ;]jf k|bfos lgsfoaf6ug'{kg]{ sfd / ;j{;fwf/0fn] kfpg' kg]{ k|d'v;]jfx¿ 5gf}6 ul/G5g\ . To;kl5 5gf}6

ul/Psf ;]jf slQsf] k|efjsf/L ¿kdf;~rfng ul/Psf 5g\ eGg] cfwf/df;]jfu|fxL / ;]jf k|bfosx¿n] 5'6\6f5'6\6};d"xdf a;]/ cª\s k|bfg ub{5g\ . cToGtk|efjsf/L 9ª\un] k|bfg ul/Psf ;]jfnfO{!) cª\s / qmdzM ck|efjsf/L 9ª\un]k|bfg ul/Psf] ;]jfsf nflu cª\s 36fpFb}nu]/ ;a}eGbf sdhf]/ b]lvPdf ! cª\s;Ddk|bfg ug]{ ul/G5 . o; ljlwdf cª\s sdjf a9L kfpg'sf sf/0f tyf cfufdL lbgdfug'{kg]{ ;'wf/sf nflu ;'emfjx¿ ;d]tpNn]v ul/G5g\ .

vTof8 ufpFkflnsfsf] j8f g+= $ df ;]jfk|bfos / ;]jfu|fxLx¿sf] @)&$ ;fnsf]k';df ePsf] e]nfn] :yfgLo txaf6 kfpg'kg]{ k~hLs/0f;DaGwL ;]jf, ;fdflhs ;'/Iff;]jf, ljleGg k|sf/sf l;kmfl/z;DaGwL;]jf, of]hgf ;~rfng sfo{, d]nldnfk,/fh:j ;ª\sng / ;/sf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L;+:yfx¿sf] lgu/fgL Pjd\ Joj:yfkg u/L;ftj6f ljifoj:t'x¿ 5gf}6 u/]sf] lyof] .;f]xL ;fnsf] r}tdf bf];|f] k6s of] ljlwk|of]u ubf{ :yfgLo txn] k|bfg ug]{ ;]jfdWo];fdflhs ;'/Iff ;]jfdf ;a}eGbf a9L ;'wf/eP/ :yfgLo lgsfon] ;a}eGbf a9L !)cª\s k|fKt u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 eg] cGo5j6f ljifodf klg cª\s * b]lv ( ;Ddk|fKt ePsf] 5 .

;f] j8fsL j8f ;b:o l;4f yfkf pNn]vul5{g\, …l;l8lkn] xfd|f] ufpFdf of] cª\s–kqtflnsfsf] ljNs'n} gf}nf] / c;fWo}k|efjsf/L ljlw k|of]udf Nofof] . o;af6;]jf lbg]n] klg slQsf] /fd|f] ;]jf lbg;lsPsf] 5 / sxfF ;'wf/ ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5eGg] s'/f yfxf kfpF5g\ . ;]jfu|fxLn] klgcfk"mnfO{ rflxPsf ;]jfx¿ slQsf]k|efjsf/L 9ª\un] kfOPsf] 5 eGg] s'/fk|i6};Fu a'e\mg ;Sb5g\\ .Ú l;4fsf]b[li6sf]0fdf …of] ljlwnfO{ lg/Gt/ k|of]uul//xg' / cGo If]qdf ;d]t nfu" ub}{ hfg'cfjZos 5 .Ú

cª\s–kq tflnsfÚn] NofPsf] ;'wf/


32

/fltb]lv g} kfgL k/]sf] / cfˆgf] gu/kflnsf x'Fb}axg] nfnas}of gbLdf af9L cfpg yfn]sf] ;'g]/laxfg} /f}tx6 lhNnfsf] af}l4dfO{ gu/kflnsfsfk|d'v nfnas}of lsgf/df k'lu;s]sf lyP .af}l4dfO{sf] j8f g+= @ / # df @)&% ;fnsf] h]7dlxgfb]lv g} o;/L af9Lsf] 8/ ;'? eO;s]sf] lyof] . gu/k|d'v eG5g\, …d'Vo s'/f t af9LlgoGq0fsf nflu gbL lsgf/df e/kbf]{ t6aGwlgdf{0f ug'{ g} xf] . To;sf nflu 7"n} of]hgfrflxPsf] 5 . xfdL ljleGg lgsfonfO{ cg'/f]wul//x]sf 5f}F . t/, To:tf] of]hgf gcfp~h]nufpFdf cfO/xg] ljkb\;Fu h'e\mg ;d'bfo ljsf;sfo{qmd -l;l8lk_n] /fd|f] ;xof]u u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 .Ú

k|fozM af9L / 8'afgsf] ;d:of eO/xg] o; 7fpFdfl;l8lkn] :yfgLo o'jfx¿nfO{ ljkb\sf a]nf ug'{kg]{vf]h tyf p4f/, k|fylds pkrf/ / k"j{;"rgf

k|0ffnLsf ;Lkx¿ l;sfPsf] 5 . oL ljifoj:t'dfl;l8lksf] ;xof]udf ePsf ljleGg tflndx¿dfo; If]qsf #^ hgf o'jfx¿n] efu lnPsf 5g\,h;dWo] $) k|ltzthlt dlxnfx¿ 5g\ .

vf]h tyf p4f/sf] tflnd lnPsL @* jifL{of/Lgfs'df/L k6]nn] tflnddf l;s]/ Knfl:6ssfvfnL af]tnx¿ k|of]u ub}{ …nfOkm Hofs]6Ú agfPsLl5g\ . ;f] k|of]u ug]{ tl/sf k|bz{g ub}{ pgn]elgg\, …l;l8lkn] rfF8} vf]h tyf p4f/sf ;fdu|Lklg pknAw u/fpg] ePsf] 5 . t/, tL ;fdu|LcfOk'Ug' cufj} s'g} ;d:of cfof] eg] o:tf] nfOkmHofs]6 k|of]u u/]/ ePklg af9L / 8'afgdf k/]sfdflg;sf] p4f/ ug{ ;lsG5 .Ú of] Hofs]6 nufP/uPkl5 vf]h tyf p4f/stf{ kfgLdf g8'Ag] /kLl8tnfO{ vf]Hg tyf p4f/ ug{ ;lhnf] x'g]/Lgfsf] egfO 5 .

:yfgLo #! jifL{o o'jf s[i0fgGbgk|;fb ho;jfnn]rflxF l;l8lksf] ;xof]udf ljkb\sf a]nf ug'{kg]{k|fylds pkrf/sf] tflnd lnPsf 5g\ . s[i0fgGbg…ljkb\sf ck|Toflzt 36gfdf 3fOt]x¿nfO{c:ktfn k'¥ofpg'cl3 ug'{kg]{ kl§ afFWg], s[lqdZjf;k|Zjf; lbg] / kf]n]sf], sf6]sf] jf ;k{n]6f]s]sf] cj:yfdf k|fylds pkrf/ ug]{ tl/sfx¿tflndaf6} l;s]sf] atfpF5g\ .Ú of] tflnd lnPkl5s[i0fgGbg cfkm}Fn] clxn];Dd rf/j6f 36gfdfk|fylds pkrf/sf] sfd ul/;s]sf 5g\ .

pd]/n] #^ j;Gt kf/ u/]sf ;'/]Gb|k|;fb ho;jfnn]rflxF l;l8lkaf6 k"j{;"rgf k|0ffnLsf ;Lkx¿

l;s]sf 5g\ . nfnas}ofdf af9L cfpg;Sg] cj:yfb]lvPdf d'v}n] 7"nf] cfjfh lgsfn]/ xNnf ug]{,dfbn ahfpg] / df]afOnaf6 ;"rgf lbg] sfd ug{yfn]sf] pgL pNn]v u5{g\ .

af9L tyf 8'afgsf] ;d:ofn] clt k|efljt o;gu/kflnsfsf] j8f g+= # df l;l8lks} ;xof]udfPp6f cf>o–:yn klg lgdf{0f ul/Psf] 5 . af9Ltyf 8'afgsf a]nf klg g8'Ag]u/L cUnf] 7fpFdfzf}rfno ;lxt lgdf{0f ul/Psf] o; cf>o–:yndf!%) hgf;Dd dflg;x¿ c6\g ;Sb5g\ . c¿ a]nfo; cf>o–:ynnfO{ ;fd'bflos ejgsf] ¿kdfk|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 .

o; ufpFdf l;l8lks} ;xhLs/0fdf :yfgLo tyf;d'bfo:t/Lo ljkb\ hf]lvd Joj:yfkg ;ldltx¿klg agfOPsf 5g\ . ufpFdf s] s:tf hf]lvdcfOkg{ ;S5g\ eg]/ gS;fª\sg klg ul/Psf] 5 .l;l8lksf /f}tx6 lhNnf ;+of]hs nLnaxfb'/sfsL{sf cg';f/ o; 7fpFsf nflu clxn] …af9LkZrft\sf] k'glg{df{0f of]hgfÚ agfpg] sfdklg eO/x]sf] 5 .

:yfgLo ;/sf/sf] j8f g+= @ sf cWoIf/fdafa'k|;fb s'zjfx eG5g\, …l;l8lksf] sfo{qmdPsbd /fd|f] 5 . o;n] ljkb\sf] a]nf dflg;x¿nfO{:yfgLo k|of;af6} hf]ufpg] pkfox¿ l;sfPsf] 5 .:yfgLo txdf /x]sf ;/sf/sf lgsfox¿;Fu;dGjo u/]/ o;n] c¿ klg w]/} If]qx¿df sfdul//x]sf] 5 . o:tf] pkof]uL k|f]h]S6 t o;cl3xfd|f] ufpFdf slxNo} cfPs} lyPg .Ú

ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f

nfnas}of lsgf/df ljkb\;Fu h'e\mb}


33

;dGjo

;d'bfo ljsf; sfo{qmd -l;l8lk_n] cfˆgf]sfo{qmdsf] of]hgf th'{dfsf] r/0fb]lv g}:yfgLo ;/sf/;Fu 5nkmn / ;dGjo u/]/sfd ul//x]sf] 5 . of]hgf / sfo{qmd nfu"ug]{ 7fpFsf] 5gf}6 k|lqmofaf6} o:tf] ;dGjo /;xsfo{ ;'? x'G5 . …d cfkm}F klg nueu cf7–bzj6f of]hgf 5gf}6df ;+nUg ePF . o;sf]sfd ug]{ tl/sf a8f] kf/bzL{ 5 . xfdLn] klgsfd ubf{ l;l8lksf h:t} k|lqmof ckgfpg'kg]{ l:ylt b]Vb}5' .Ú af/f lhNnfsf] sl/ofdfO{gu/kflnsf, j8f g+= * sf j8fcWoIf ;'/]Gb|;fxsf] l6Kk0fL xf] of] .

/f}tx6sf] u'h/f gu/kflnsfsf k|d'v;Gtnfnk|;fb rf}w/L klg …sfd ;'? ug'{eGbfklxnf :yfgLo ;/sf/;Fu ;/;Nnfx ug]{ /sfddf klg ;s];Dd ;xsfo{ ub}{ cl3 a9\g]l;l8lksf] sfo{z}nL dg k/]sf]Ú atfpF5g\ .gu/ k|d'v rf}w/LnfO{ l;l8lkn] sfd ug'{eGbfklxn] :yfgLo dflg;x¿nfO{ e]nf u/fP/ ;a}s'/f atfO{ nlIft ;]jfu|fxLx¿ 5fg]/pgLx¿nfO{ ;ª\ul7t ug]{ tl/sf ;d]tpko'Qm nfu]sf] 5 . ;f]xL gu/kflnsfsfk|d'v k|zf;sLo clws[t ls/0fgLlw ltjf/LyK5g\, …l;l8lkn] æul/aLsf cGt/lgxLtsf/0fx¿sf] ljZn]if0fÆ / æ;DkGgtf:t/Ls/0fÆsf] k|lqmof ckgfP/ nlIft;]jfu|fxL / pgLx¿sf nflu cfjZos7flgPsf lqmofsnfkx¿ 5gf}6 ug]{ u/]sfn]

o;sf sfddf s;}n] lrQ ga'emfpg] s'/}cfpFb}g . d t o:tf] k|lqmof l;l8lk afx]sc¿n] klg ckgfpg' /fd|f] x'G5 eGg] ;NnfxlbG5' .Ú

af/f lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltsf k|d'vgjnlszf]/ l;+x :yfgLo b]jtfnufpFkflnsfsf] pbfx/0f lbFb} eG5g\, …ufpFkflnsfx¿n] l;l8lksf] lqmofsnfkaf6;'zf;g k|j4{gdf /fd|f] hfgsf/L / l;sfOePsf] dnfO{ atfO/x]sf 5g\ . o;sf] Pp6fafx]s ;a} kIf /fd|f] 5 . Tof] g/fd|f] kIfrflxFlhNnfsf !% 7fpFdf dfq} sfd u/]sfn] ;a}7fpFsf dfux¿ k"/f ug{ g;Sg' g} xf] .Ú lhNnf;dGjo ;ldlt–af/fsf pkk|d'v kjgs'df/Aofx't klg …l;l8lksf] sfd ug]{ tf}/tl/sf;a}eGbf /fd|f] 7fG5g\ .

l;l8lkcGtu{t hgr]tgfd"ns / k"jf{wf/lgdf{0f h:tf b'j} lsl;dsf lqmofsnfkx¿;~rfng x'g] u/]sf] / ;a} lqmofsnfkdfhg;xeflutf / :yfgLo tx;Fusf];xsfo{nfO{ ljz]if hf]8 lbOPsf] :yfgLo;/sf/x¿n] a9L dg k/fPsf] kIf xf] .

j8f, ufpF, gu/ / lhNnfsf k|ltlglwx¿ dfqgeO{ k|b]z g+= @ sf] ;/sf/sf ef}lts k"jf{wf/ljsf; dGqL klg l;l8lksf] sfdsf] ;x«fxgfu5{g\ . pgL eG5g\, …l;l8lksf] sfd lgs}k|efjsf/L 5 . k|b]z g+= @ af6 s] s:tf]

;xof]u ug'{k5{, To;sf nflu xfdL tof/ 5f}Ft/ l;l8lksf] csf]{ cjlw klg cfpg' k5{ /o;n] km]l/ klg sfd ug'{k5{ .Ú

dGqL eG5g\ – …csf]{ cjlw klg h¿/L 5Ú


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