A. Uzelac - Srpske Vojske u Ratovima u Evropi i Maloj Aziji, VIG 1 (2014)

7/26/2019 A. Uzelac - Srpske Vojske u Ratovima u Evropi i Maloj Aziji, VIG 1 (2014)

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PUBLISHER: STRATEGIC RESEARCH INSTITUTE DEPARTMENT FOR MILITARY HISTORYMINISTRY OF DEFENCE OF REPUBLIC OF SERBIA

EDITORIAL BOARD: Dr. Jovanka aranovi, Director, SRI, President; Dr. Dmitar Tasi,Research Associate, SRI, Editor-in-Chief; Dr. Milan Terzi, Senior Research Associate, SRI; Dr.Winfried Heinneman, Colonel, Center for social sciences of German Armed Forces; Dr. ShaulShay, Director of the Institute for military history research of Israeli Armed Forces; Prof.

Milan Ristovi, Faculty of Philosophy Belgrade, History Department; Prof. Ljubodrag Dimi,Faculty of Philosophy Belgrade, History Department; Dr. Mile Bjelajac, Principal ResearchFellow, Institute for Recent History of Serbia; Dr. Dragan Bogeti, Principal Research Fellow,Institute for Contemporary History; Assistant Professor Aleksandar ivoti, Faculty ofPhilosophy Belgrade, History Department; Dr. Mili Milievi, Research Associate, Institute ofHistory; Major Dr. Miljan Milki, Research Associate, SRI; Major Mag. Dalibor Denda, ResearchTrainee, SRI.

EDITOR-IN-CHIEF: Dr. DMITAR TASI

EDITORIAL SECRETARY: Major Dr. MILjAN MILKI

Journal is pubished in two volumes per year. Year LXIV. Contributions should be send to:Strategic Research Institute Department for Military History, Neznanog junaka br. 38Beograd. E-mail: [email protected]. Telephones 20-63-567 i 20-63-476; army tel. 29-567 i 29-476.Manuscripts will not be returned. Annual subscription fee 1000 RSD. Price per volume 600 RSD.

Rear cover:Battle of Cer Memorial, Tekeri


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. 1/2014

, (XIIXIV ) ................................................................................ 9

, ......................... 30

, , ............................................... 49

, . (18611865) .............................................................................. 59

, - XIX XX ........ 85

, , XII : ... 105

, , 1878. ................................................... 123

. , 1907. ,

( ) ............................................................................. 137 . , , .................................................................... 158

. , ......................................................................................................... 182

, , , 19231925. ......................................... 203

,

1948. ..................................... 233


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,

1915. ................................................................................ 253, 25. 28. 1967. ....... 274

, , :, , 19121918, ,, 2013, 212 .() ............................ 289

: : 1939 1945, . I II,, , 2013. () ........................................... 292

1944. , , , 2225. 2014. ()................................................................................................... 299

- :

, , 28. 2014. () ................................................................................... 301

XIV (CSWG) Doctrinal hange: Using the Past to fight thePresent, () 711. 2014.() ................................................................................... 303


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CONTENTS

MILITARY HISTORY REVIEW 1/2014

ARTICLES AND STUDIES

Dr.Aleksandar Uzelac, Serbian Armies in the Wars in Europeand Asia Minor (12th-14thCenturies) ................................................................ 9

Dr. Milo Ivanovi, Development of Military Service as Foundationfor Creation of Nobility in Medieval Serbian State ...................................... 30

Dr. Gordana Blagojevi, Greek Historiography and Private Archiveson Life of Eastern Orthodox Pasha ordje Berovi, the Princeof Samos and last Ottoman Governor of Crete .............................................. 49

Uro Tati, Hypollite Monden in Serbia.Second Stay (1861-1865) ...................................................................................... 59

Lieutenant Colonel Dr. Slobodanuki, Education of Serbian Officers

in Austria-Hungary and Germany by the end of 19thand beginning of 20thCentury .............................................................................. 85

CONTRIBUTIONS

Dr.Aleksandar Rastovi, Dr. Marija Koci, Charles XII and Porte:Negotiations about Return to Sweden in the Light of English Sources ..... 105

Major Dr. Thorsten Loch, Germany, Great Powers of Europeand Balkan Conference of 1878 ........................................................................... 123

Dr. Nenad . Petrovi, Murder of Novakovi Brothers in 1907,Criminal Investigation and Parliamentary Debate regarding this Case(Military and its Influence on Politics) ............................................................. 137

Dr. sc. Stracimir Goovi, Franjo Zeljak, Yugoslav Royal Navy DivingService ................................................................................................................................................... 158

Dr Ivan M. Beci, Parliamentary Debates over the Military Budgetsin Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes ...................................................... 182

Sran Mii, Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes andPlans for the coup detatin Bulgaria, 1923-1925 ................................................ 203


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Dr Dmitar Tasi, Organization of Border Security Service in YugoslavArmed Forces from the End of WWII till Resolution of Cominform 1948... 233

DOCUMENTS

Jovo Miladinovi,One Ottoman Source on Serbian Military in 1915 .......... 253

Dr. Slobodan Selini, Document on Reactions within the YugoslavPeoples Army regarding Josip Broz Titos Visit to Kosovoand Metohija from 25. till 28 of March 1967 .......................................................... 274

REVIEWS

, , :, , 19121918, ,, 2013, 212 .(Nikola ToiMaleevi) ....................................... 289

: : 19391945, . I II,, , 2013. (Stefan Radojkovi) ................................................. 292

INFORMATION

International Conference Slovak National Uprising Slovakia and

Europe during 1944, Banska Bistrica, Slovakia, 22-25 April 2014(Dr. Dmitar Tasi)....................................................................................................... 299

International Conference Serbian-Italian Relations:History and Modern Times, Belgrade, 18 May 2014(MajorDr. Miljan Milki) ......................................................................................... 301

XIV XIV Annual Conference of the Euro-Atlantic Conflict StudiesWorking Group (CSWG) Doctrinal Change: Using the Pastto fight the Present, Bratislava (Slovakia), 7-11 April 2014.(Major Mag. Dalibor Denda) .................................................................................. 303


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94:355.1(497.11)"11/13" ;94:355.216(497.11)"11/13" ;355.48(4)"11/13"

, ,E-mail: [email protected]

(XIIXIV )*

: XII, XIII XIV , -. , , , -, , .: , , ,, , , , , XIIXIV.

- .1 ,

* - : , (. . 47025).

1 : . , , 1893, . 7696 ( : , );. , , . . , II, 1952, .110114; G. krivani,O najamnikoj vojsci u srednjevekovnoj Srbiji, Vojnoistorijski glasnik,1/1954, . 8093;G. krivani, Organizacija srednjovekovne vojske u Srbiji, Bosni i Dubrovniku, Vojnoistorij-ski glasnik1/1967, . 150157 ( : krivani, Organizacija); A. Veselinovi,Vojska u srednjovekovnoj Srbiji, Vojnoistorijski glasnik,12/1994, . 407414; . -, , , . . . , 2004, .226232;. , II ,

, 2/2011, . 927. ( : , )


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. , , -

, - . - , - XII XIV . , , , - .

*

XII . - , 1150. -, II - I , . - 2.000 , -, 300, - 500 .2 -

. - 1146. -.3

II -. 1160. , ,4 , ( II ) .5 .

1167. , , , - .

2 Ioannis Cinnami Epitome rerum ab Ioanne et Alexio Comnenis gestarum , ed.A. Meineke, Bonn 1836, . 113 ( : Cinn.); , IV, 1971, . 37. (. . , : , IV)

3. , , Studia Historica Collecta, vol. I, 2006, . 160.

4Cinn., . 199; , IV, . 55.5Cinn., . 236; , IV, . 77.


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11

, - .6

-

. - , - - 1176. . , , , - , .7

XII , - . - , , o - . 1259. VIII, - , II - . - ( -

), . , - , , , , . , XIV , 600 (li rois de Servie luienvoya .vj.homes a cheval).8 , - ( 1377. ) 1.000 , - (et fizo venir el duch de Quarantana con mil

Alamanes & de Hongria dos mil Hungaros & de Seruia mil sieruos) e e .9 (XV )

6Cinn., . 270; , IV, . 98; J. Birkenmeier, The Development of the Komne-nian Army 10811180, Leiden Boston 2002, . 119; . , - , , 2/2010, . 1415.

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9Libro de los fechos et conquistas del principado de la Morea, ed. A. MorelFatio,

Genve 1885, . 54, 59, 61.


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(il R di Servia mand m.v arcieri a cavallo) .10 ,

-, , .11

, . (Kres-senbrunn), II IV. , - , (Rasiensium) , , -, , .12 - , . - ,13 . - e, - , - (ca.12651320) , e, (kunic vonSirve) , IV - .14

10C. Hopf, Chroniques grcoromanes indites ou peu connues, Berlin 1873, . 441, 443.11D. J. Geanakoplos, GrecoLatin Relations on the Eve of the Byzantine Restoration:

The Battle of Pelagonia 1259, Dumbarton Oaks Papers. 7/1953, . 124125, . 110;. , , 1959, . 420; -, I, . . , 1982, . 351. (. , : );. , XIII (12041261),. 2728/1989, . 143144. , , . - , - . . D. Ja-

coby, Quelques considrations sur les versions de la Chronique de More, Journaldes Savants, 1968, . 133189. , 5.000 , , .

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13 : . , , C -, 21/1940, . 2132; M. , I, , 1/1948, . 3036; G. McDaniel, On HungarianSerbian Relations in the ThirteenthCentury: John Angelos and Queen Jelena, UngarnJahrbuch, 12/1982, . 4350.

14Ottokars sterreichische Reimchronik, ed. J Seemller, Monumenta Germaniae Histori-

ca Scriptorum qui vernacula lingua usi sunt, V/1, Hannover 1890, . 106.


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13

- . -

, 1293. 1294. , . - -, , - II, . - ,

. 1297. - , .15 - .

- XIV . 1311.

e, , - ( ) - . - , . , - , - II . - - , - .16 -

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15 , ,. . , 1866, . 121122 ( : /); ,, . . , 1935, . 9192. ( : /) - : A. Uzelac, Tatars and Serbs at the end of the Thirteenth Cen-tury, Revista de Istorie Militar, 56/2011, . 1415.

16 Nicephori Grgorae Byzantina Historia, ed. L. Schopen, I, Bonn 1829, . 262263,

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14

II, , , . , -.17 , - . .18

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, , Laiou, .., . 233, . 138.

20/, . 146147; /, . 110111.


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, , -. , -

II -.21 , 1313. , , .22 , . ( ,), , . ().23

- .24 , - . - - XV - . , ( , - ), (Firenk), (Ala-

nos), (Rm) (Srf). -, . , - .25 , , - - XIV . - 1308. .26, - - . -

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, , , ,

. XIII XIV -

, , .27 - , , .28 -, . , -

, . 1317. , -.29 , 1329. , . - (castrum Guren vocatum inBulgaria habitum),30 (-

). , , - a (contra Bulgaros, Bazarab woyuodam Transalpi-num, regem Rascie scismaticum, ymo et Tartaros fines regni nostri ubi eunitatem ortodoxe fidei continue hostiliter invadentes).31 -, 1320 1321. .32 -

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, - XIV . . . , 1330 .?,456/1989, . 5051.

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zdeteihez, Trtnelmi Szemle, 7/1964, . 548.30 , (Greny, . Grade),

, , V. Achim, Raportu-rile regatului Ungariei cu rile de la frontierele sale sudestice n primele dou deceniiale secolului al XIVlea, Revista istoric14/2006, . 177, . 42.

31Gyrffy, .., . 551552.32 S. Iosipescu, Romnii din Carpaii Meridionali la Dunrea de Jos de la invazia

mongol (12411243) pin la consolidarea domniei a toat ara Romneasc. Rzboiul


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17

, -, .

- - 1330. . , - - . , .33 -

. , - . , .34

, - , - , - .

II III. , 1326 1327. .35 , - , , , , . - ,

victorios purtat la 1330 mpotriva cotropirii ungare, Constitutirea statelor feudaleromneti, Bucureti 1980, . 6668. 1324. 1325. (. Gyrffy, .., . 552, . 80), , .

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(. )35 , VI, . 619627; . ,

III - 1326 ,-

, II, 1977, . 521530.


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, . - , .

, - . , -, II. , .36

. - - V , - , . , , - 1343. - . - , -

.37 - , . ,, , , . - , - .38

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37 Cantacuzenus, II, . 354355; , VI, . 438440; . . , , (13311355), 2005, . 118122.

38Cantacuzenus, III, . 301302; Bartusis, Late Byzantine Army, . 294; Kyria-kidis, .., . 109110. . : . , , . . . , 2003, . 431446. (

: , )


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, V, 1351. .39 ,

, , 7.000 . - 4.000. .40 , , , - . 1352. , , V , -

, 12.000 ( 10.000 ). , , , . , , -, , , -, . - - .41 - -

. , - . , -, 42

. - , III , . 1355. , .

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40 Gregoras, III, . 180181; Cantacuzenus, III, . 246; , VI, . 288,553. : Soulis, .., . 50;Nicol, .., . 238.

41Gregoras, III, . 181182; Cantacuzenus, III, . 248249;, VI, . 289, 555.42. , , -

, 49/2012, . 267.


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20

, , . -

, . 10. 1356. , , - I.43 a , , - .

*

XIV . ,

, - , - - . - , .

, - - . ( I , , IV ), - ( ). , , - ( I, , , ).

, -

. 1259. - je 600 1.000 , - . 1312., , , 2.000 -. , - .

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1986, . 6568; , .., . 305307.


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- . - 1313 ,

- , . -, - ,44 . - II 1327. . - ,

, , .45

- XIII, XIV , . - . . - , . , - . ,

, ( )46 ( ). , , . - XIV -

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. , . . , , 1893, . 169; , .., II, . 106.

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, .., . 4445.


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22

.47, - .

. 173. : -, , , , , , , .48 , . - , -. 1312. -, , , -

, . ,49. - , .50 - XIV , - .51 -, - , ( -

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. . , - , , , , . . , . . -, 1984, . 13. - .

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. - ,

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- . - , -

. , . , .55

1313. ,. - - - .56 , . , - , , . , . : -

53, , . 6165; , .., . 241242.54

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(. ); , .., . 15.


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ex hoc Slawi multitudinem equitancium dicunt Raci).60 , Racz - , -

-, .

XIII , . - , . , , -

, .61

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, - , .70 . , - , .71 XIV , .72-

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- , . -

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Dr. Aleksandar Uzelac, Research Associate

INSTITUTE OF HISTORY,BELGRADE

SERBIAN ARMIES IN THE WARS IN EUROPEAND ASIA MINOR (12th-14thCENTURIES)

(Summary)

During the XII-XIV centuries, Serbian rulers frequently employed theirarmies in the conflicts beyond the borders of their state. As a consequence ofambitious foreign policies, vassal obligations or concluded alliances with

Byzantium, Hungary or Bulgaria, they fought on the various battlefields fromCentral Europe to Asia Minor. The most notable examples are battles ofPelagonia (1259) and Kressenbrun (1260), expeditions undertaken againstTurks in Thrace and Anatolia (1312, 1313) and military aid sent to Byzantiumduring the various stages of civil wars fought between Andronicus II and

Andronicus III (1327), and between John V Paleologus and John VICantacuzenus (1342-43, 1352). Serbian armies also served mighty Tatarleader Nogai (1294-97) and after the battle of Velbazhd (1330), they providedarmed support to friendly political faction in Bulgaria.

The rulers exercised firm control over their military resources. These

primarily consisted of domestic allodial and feudal nobility, but also of foreignoriental and western mercenaries. Although there is a distinction in the sourcesbetween these two groups, one may observe the tendency to organize a unifiedarmy, irrespective of its members origin. During this period, Serbian armies grewup in size; detachment that paricipated in the Battle of Pelagonia in 1259amounted no more than 1000 lightly equipped riders, while expeditionary corpssent to Byzantium in 1352 consisted of no less than 4.000 cavalrymen.

Although in the twelfth century infantry played the most important rolein Serbian armament and tactics, during the thirteenth and fourteenthcentury cavalry gradually became dominant. Sources testify that Serbianarmies who fought abroad mainly consisted of cavalry units. Much attention

has been cast to horse breeding and several notices from the sources showthat domestic nobility was abundant in riding animals. However, according tothe eyewitness testimonies, their horses were small in stature and their

fighting qualities were generally weaker than in the case of their western andbyzantine counterparts. In the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, presenceof heavy mounted troops was probably limited only to western mercenarycorpses and Serbian cavalry was predominantly light. Its character wasdetermined by the quality of available horses, rather than arms and armorand important changes in this aspect took place only during the era ofOttoman conquests, when oriental horses were introduced in the Balkans in

larger numbers.