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COMPETITIONS AS AN INTEGRAL PART

OF THE TRAINING CYCLE

by Ivan Abadjiev

In my previous leetures I gave for experts - wcightlifting coaehes- I tried to present my concepts of the modern training process basedon the adaptation theory. The sport training can be compared to acomplex of selected conditions to which the a t h l e t e is subjected so thatby adapting himself he improves his organs and systems, in short - hisathletic performance.

The adaptation theory is based on the findings of physiology,biology, biochemistry, cytology, genetics, psychology and other medicalsciences.

Let us try, by using some adaptation laws of cytology, geneticsand physiology to define the role and importance of the compet i t ionactivity for the prepara t ion of the athlete.

Very often we hear and read about such training conditions

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In my present contribution I shall try to give a scientificargumentation to the point that these exercises should be performedmore often in a competition mode.

If we wish to give a satisfactory explanation to the problem, wewill have to start at the fundamental principle that each adaptation isbased on protein synthesis. The training process is an adaptationphenomenon, and this means that it causes a protein synthesis in thebody. For this reason I shall try to make you acquainted with the intimatemechanisms of protein production by the living creatures.

The basic instrument for the synthesis of protein is the geneticapparatus DNA.

Fig. 1 shows an inactive chromosome as compared with an activeone. In the inactive chromosome the DNA chain is squeezed from thehistomic proteins in which the genes are not activated. With the activechromosome some histons are phosphorylizcd. Their spatial connection

with the genes is disturbed and the latter start a so called transcription,i.e. they start imprinting the genetic code on the synthesized RNA.

Fig. 2 shows how the hormone compounded with a receptor proteinwith high affinity is penetrating the cell membrane to complete itselfwith a histon. In this way a specific gene will be relased which, on itspart, will start to function by carrying out a transcription.

The further mechanism is as follows:The newly produced IRNA penetrates into the cytoplasm,

associates itself with several ribosomes and produces polyribosomes. Thetransport RNA pulls the 20 amine acids which after being activated byATP, are aligned according to the code contained in the IRNA to build

the structural proteins

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The above suggests that when an athlete lifts d i f f e r e n t weightswhich put his body in different conditions, he might provoke theproduction of proteins of different qualities.

Fig 3 illustrates the functioning of the genetic apparatus in a singlemuscle fibre during the execution of the simple exercise of clean.

The f igures 1, 2, 3... depict the points in which the fibre passesover to a new mode of contraction. Please note that the running numbers1, 2, 3, 4, 5 et. not mean that the contraction goes up as well, becausewith the upward movement of the barbell the tension is f luctuating, thepeak is reached with A at pt. 4. The diagram indicates that at each

moment of the movement the muscle fibre is contracted at a differentdegree.

The lines A, B and C illustrate the contractions of the fibre whenlifting different poundage. The figure makes it obvious that thecontraction of the muscle fibre is different for each of the poundageslifted.

The f igure illustrated further that for each ofthe particular degreesof tension in line A which correspond to d i f f e r e n t conditions, specificgenes from the genetic apparatus are employed and on that base proteinswith specific qualities are being produced.

The other two lines, B and C are drawn under different degreesof tension. The arrows indicate that one and the same genetic apparatusof the same muscle fibre, but during the lifting of different poundages,employs d i f f e r e n t genes from the same genetic apparatus. If we assumethat the different genes give rise to proteins of different qualities itbecomes obvious that when barbells of different poundage are lifted,then proteins of divergent qualities will be produced.

The conclusion one could make reads that when weights are liftedd i i di i ( i h h l i ll i d hl

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and the poundage lifted at major competitions. The highest per formancesare in the rule achieved at the most important competitions.

If th e above assertions are correct then a general rule could besuggested that the muscle tissue of highest quality will be built duringmuscle efforts at impor tant competitions. In other words the competitionsprove to be the best training sessions.

Considering the above regularities the Bulgarian a th le tes are takingan active part in all World Cup tournaments, participating in regionalchampionships and in the national championships. Each athlete has an

average of 18-20 participations in major events. It makes a competitionnearly each third week, and before each compe t i t i on he wil l l i f t nearlyhis limit poundage.

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Fig. 2 Scheme of th e hormonal depression of genes by Yachchenkoand Ratchcv

1.

2.3.4.5.

6.

ho rmon ereceptor p ro t e i ncomplex hormone-receptor proteinhiston 6IRNAcomplex hormonc -pro te in -h i s ton (depression)