Abdomen – 2

Human Structure and Development 212Week 7 – 2005

Avinash Bharadwaj

Peritoneal connections• Falciform ligament• Lesser omentum

Diaphragmatic surface “Visceral” surface

Details of relations not necessary

Ligamentum teres• Obliterated umbilical vein• Umbilical vein – blood from the placenta

Ligamentum venosum• Obliterated ductus venosus• Ductus venosus – shunt between portal vein and IVC

Liver

Portal Vein IMV Splenic SMV + Splenic

Portal vein Joined by smaller

veins from stomach etc

Portasystemic anastomoses Junctional regions

• Oesophagus systemic veins to thorax, stomach portal vein

• Anal canal (terminal part systemic)

Other regions• “Bare area” of liver• Around the umbilicus• Around retroperitoneal organs

Liver disease especially “cirrhosis”• Portal hypertension “varicosity”.

Posterior Abdominal Structures Retroperitoneal structures

• Secondary – duodenum, pancreas, colon*• Primary

• Kidneys and ureters, suprarenal glands• Aorta, inferior vena cava and other vessels

Posterior abdominal wall

IVC

Kidney (R)

QL

Hip Bone

Psoas major

Aorta

Kidney (L)

Adrenal (L)

Kidneys Shape, size, position Blood vessels and ureter

• Hilum

Internal Structure• Cortex, medulla (pyramids)• Calyces• Pelvis* ureter

Kidney – Internal Structure

Kidneys – “Relations” Different – Left and Right Overlap with diaphragm

Abdominal Aorta Midline structure Entry at T12

Divides at L4

Branches• Anterior unpaired GIT• Lateral paired

• Kidneys, adrenals, gonads

• To body wall – paired (except one!)

Inferior Vena Cava No tributaries from GIT!

• Hepatic veins

Pattern of renal, gonadal and adrenal veins.

Complex developmental origins.

Posterior Wall Vertebral column Posterior muscles Anterior muscles

• Psoas major• Quadratus lumborum

Fascial layers• Thoracolumbar fascia

Nerves and Blood vessels