In existenceentertainment - institutions

superhighway

information planetdiverse

essential

encyclopedias

spread - rapidlyarchive

introducethe globe contribute in

indispensable time-consuming virtual library

sourceresource

conventionaladvertising comfort

opportunitiesbrowsedelivery

fieldsresponsible for evolving

constantlysocialconstantly

networking sites furthermore dramatic increase

revolutionize lecturesblogs

availablecontinuallyquality material

streamdirectoryrecommendations

establishcriteriaeliminate

obviouslycataloguecopyright

formatcataloguing in decline

profoundsurf the net traditional method

digitalgive up produce

victimsimpact era

- revolutionized= changed something completely, usually improving it.

- continually= happening all the time.-criteria= the standards that you use to make a decision.-recommendations= statements that something is good. and should be tried or used.blogs= personal records that somebody puts on their website.conventional= traditional / normal.time-consuming= taking or needing a lot of time.carry out= to do a task, job etc.evolving= developing or making something develop gradually from a simple to more advanced form.streamed = delivered on the net. indispensable= very important; impossible to be without.browse= to look for or read information on a computer.archives= collections of historical documents.diverse= very different from each other.fields= areas of study or knowledge.encyclopedia= A book with information arranged in alphabetical order.

catalogue= to make a list of something that you can find somewhere.

profound= very important.

archive= a collection of historical documents.

in decline= becoming weaker or less good.

copyright= the legal right to be the only person print ,copy etc. a book, a song or a

computer program.

Impact= an effect.

searchachieveentertain

documentsacknowledgeexamine

updatecombineexist

telecommunicationsdependexplain

insistinvolvemanage

preferrecommendreside

organizeparcel agreement

NounsVerbs

fees break up

grant cram

marks enrol

tasks sit

1. sit

to take an exam.

2. marks what you get to show how good your scool work is.

3. break up to stop classes at school and start the holidays.

4. enroll to put yourself on a course.

5. task a piece of work that has to be done.

6. fees the money you pay to go to schools and universities.7. cram to study very hard and learn a lot before an exam.

8. grant money that the government pays for students' education.

I'm in my final year at school and our homework tasks are difficult and time-consuming. Sometimes I also have to cram for my exams because I haven't had time to study properly! However, I think I can get good marks when sit my final exams in June. Then, I want to enrol on a degree course. University fees are expensive. However, if I do well in the June exams I can apply for a grant from the government. Anyway, I'll worry about that when school finishes and we break up for the summer holidays. At the moment I'm too busy to think about it!

Word formation: nouns

-ence-ment-ation

existence achievement combination

dependence entertainment examination

residence involvement explanation

insistence management recommendation

preference acknowledgement organization

1. make a list of your preferences, with your first choice at the top of the list.2. he said that climbing to the top of Mount Everest had been his greatest achievement.3. The live in London but they have a summer residence on the south coast of France.

4. They gave me a long explanation on how it works but I still don't understand how to use it!

5. The workers talked to management about more pay but they still haven't come to an agreement.

6. Please send me an when you receive the parcel.

7. They deny any involvement in the robbery and say they were at the cinema at the same time.

8. Since the . of the internet, life has become more convenient for millions of people. Verb + noun collocations

1. carry out perform

a task2. have

catch

opportunity3. compare

increase

prices4. write keep

a blog

5. meet

establish

a criteria6. carry out

do

a research7. agree

accept

recommendations8. watch

record

a programme

Exercises on Vocabulary

1) Choose the correct answer:

1. A . is a personal website that gives information about what a person has done?

a. field

b. archive

c. blog

d. note2. .. things are things that are normal or traditional.

a. conventional

b. indispensable

c. time consumingd. modern3. If you revolutionize something, you .

a. always use it b. change it completely c. break it d. never use it4. If you make recommendation, you say something is .

a. worth trying

b. not interesting

c. expensived. boring5. When you watch a video on the internet, you .a. browse it

b. evolve it

c. stream it

d. damage it6. Something that is indispensable is ..

a. very importantb. unimportant

c. amazing

d. very bad7. This activity is time-consuming. It

a. takes time b. doesn't take timec. wastes time

d. is useful8. When you browse on a computer, you look at .

a. software

b. emails

c. websites

d. notes9. A particular area of activity or interest is called..

a. a resource

b. a field

c. an archive

d. 10. Criteria are . that can help us to make decisions.

a. lists

b. levels of qualityc. friends

11. Carry. is to do or complete something.

a. on

b. off

c. out

12. If we talk about diverse things, they are .

a. the same

b. different

c. well-known

13. Evolve means to .

a. never change.

b. change slowly.c. change quickly.14. If something happens continually, it happens a. again and againb. once

c. once a year

15. What do we keep in an archive?

a. papers and documents b. food

c. school books

16. The students have to perform a few .. on the computer to pass the information technology exam.

a. tasks

b. recommendations

c. criteria

17. We had the . to give our opinions after the talk.a. prices

b. opportunity

c. blog

18. The petrol companies are continually increasing their and people are driving less.

a. research

b. catalogues

c. prices

19. He has got a website and he also keeps a ..

a. format

b. impact

c. blog

20. Students have to meet several . before we accept them on our university courses.

a. prices

b. research

c. criteria

21. I accepted my teacher's .. and decided to enrol on a course at Mansoura university.

a. recommendationsb. criteria

c. archive

22. We decided to record the.. because it wasn't on TV until very late.

a. prices

b. opportunity

c. proramme

23. I bought this computer on a friends .

a. recommendationsb. residence

c. format

24. Winning a gold medal was a great

a. research

b. website

c. achievement

25. You have to give a clear for your answer.

a. explanation

b. involvement

c. dependence

26. A . is a book with information arranged in alphabetical order.

a. archive

b. catalogue

c. encyclopedia

27. I made a of all the things that I can find somewhere.

a. archive

b. catalogue

c. copyright

28. The sales are in as they are weaker than before.

a. impact

b. encyclopedia

c. decline

29. .. shopping has become more popular than traditional shopping.

a. Real

b. virtual

c. Classic

d. Past

30. The rise of online and digital encyclopedias had a big .. on the sales of paper ones.

a. inspiration

b. impact

c. catapult d. benefit31. The internet is now a/ an (trivial- essential- virtual- traditional) part of our life.

32. The internet has been in (power- existence- sequence- difference) for about 25 years.

33. Searching for a piece of information through all the documents and books at traditional libraries was a/ an (convenient- comfortable- time consuming- effortless) in the past.

34. The internet has become a/ an (traditional- undependable- indispensable- classical) part of our life.35. The traditional method of going to libraries and searching through archives and paper encyclopedias has been in (slope- decline- land- decision)36. The internet has a (protected- profound difficult- heavy) impact on our life.37. online digital encyclopedias have a great impacton ones in the traditional ( style- type- kind- format)

38. Bill Gates is a/ an (witness- electrician- expert- exporter) in the field of modern technology.39. The (grant- fees- fare- wage) of the universities in USA are very high.

40. Smart phones have (rationalized- dramatized- economized- revolutionized) telecommunications and changed the way we communicate with each other.

41. The university awarded her a (fee- grant- mark- task) to study abroad for her excellence.42. You can (browse- sream- update- upgrade) your favourite videos directly on the internet without downloading them on your computer.

43. She (enrolled- sat- crammed- performed) in a four-year-course in 3D animation.

The rise of online encyclopedias means the end of the (modern- conventional- digital- indispensable) libraries.

44. A\ An (archive- profile- portfolio- catalogue) is a collection of historical documents.

45. A\ An (archive- encyclopedia- album- catalogue) is a reference book with information arranged in alphabetical order.

46. Students who ave (access- way- method- port) to a computer and the internet can do their researches much better and easier.

47. The victims of the success of the ( real- virtual- conventional- manual) information are normal libraries and paper encyclopedias.

48. To ( enroll- sit- cram- break up) means to take an exam.

49. (Fees- Marks- Rents- Tasks) you get in exams show how good or bad you are.

50. The images are stored in a digital (format- design- size- layout) within the database.51. My father's death had a (good- virtual- digital- profound) impact on everyone.

52. Agriculture is in (decline- presence- power- black) in many Third World countries due to lack of modern technology and water.

53. In fact many publishers have given ( with- up- out- into) producing paper encyclopedias because people have stopped buying them.54. A lot of sites now offer (passport- access- accent- gate) to thousands of books that are not affected by copyright.

55. Going to traditional libraries has been in (particular- decline- black and white- progress) since the spread of the online digital encyclopedias.

56. Some libraries are (formatting- cataloguing- packing- filtering) their books and material online and making them available on the internet.

57. The internet helps students to carry (on- of- out- away) their tasks or researches.

58. The internet gives people a good opportunity to make friends from (reasonable- diverse- identical- similar) cultures. You can make friends from all over the world.

59. We can shop online at reasonable prices. "Reasonable" means (suitable- expensive- costly- poor).

60. Despite its short history, the internet has been (falling- evolving- involving-devoting).61. There is a (disgusting inadequate - dramatic- poetic) increase in the users of social networking sites over the last five years.

62. There's no (catalogue- forum- directory- blog) to help us find good sites.

63. We and our teacher (catapult - benefit- browse- establish) some classroom rules at the beginning of the year.

64. Most big companies often (list- form- catalogue- pack) their new products as a sort of advertising.65. Online encyclopedias, dictionaries and newspapers all (participate- constitute- contribute- compare) in providing an enormous virtual library.

66. The new elected president promised to bring about a new (ear- era- season- duration) of peace.

67. To evolve means to (never change- change slowly- change fast- change quickly).

68. The biggest (power- impact- compact- program) the internet has made is on people's relationships.

69. Our parents always give us a \ an (development- combination- deal- opportunity) to express our opinions about our family affairs.

70. The the petrol companies are continually increasing their ( programs- libraries- catalogues- prices), people are driving more.

71. He's got a website and also (upgrades- uploads- keeps- performs) a blog.

72. I followed my teacher's (preference- existence- combination- recommendation) and decided to enroll on a course to enhance my computer skills.

73. Students have to meet several (conditions- terms- criteria- steps) before we accept them in our school.

74. When I was studying at Cairo University, I had to stay in a student (existence- preference- residence- insistence).

75. My sister is studying business and (management- organization- entertainment- comment).

76. Winning a gold medal was a great (management- existence- achievement- organization).77. The spread of online digital encyclopedias means the (start- end- era- age) of conventional libraries.

78. I've applied to more than 5 universities but I've only received an (recommendation- acknowledgement- opportunities- management) from one of them.

79. The symbol shows that something is protected by (copyright- trademark- power- authors).

80. Although WKIPEDIA site has only been in (dependence- insistence- existence- preference) for about 12 years, it helped to change the way people look for information.

81. To (sit- enroll- cram- break up) is to join a course or a college.

82. (Fares- Fees- Rents- Wages) means the money you pay to go to schools or universities.

83. (Fee- Grant- Task- Mark) is the money that governments pay for excellent students to complete their studies abroad.

84. If something happens continually, it happens (one- rarely- again and again- scarcely).

85. One of crimes on the internet is (fishing- netting- phishing- shipping), where bank customers receive e-mails trying to get them to reveal security details.

86. Criteria are (lists- archives- levels of quality- books) that can help us make a decision.

87. We keep (paper and documents- food- tools- clothes) in archives.

88. A particular area of work or interest is called (archive- library- farm-field).

89. Something which is (traditional- digital- critical- indispensable), is very important and we can't do without.

90. Our consultant has made (criteria- archives- recommendations- managements) for improving weak learners' progress inside classrooms.

91. When you listen to your favourite music on the internet, you (stream- browse- evolve- update) it.

92. There's too much (preference- dependence- existence- difference) on cars in Arab countries.

93. This is the only copy of the book that is in ( existence- dependence- power- preference).

94. I bought my new laptop on my friend's(operation- cooperation- combination- recommendation).

95. I am (breaking up- carrying out- working out- breaking into) a research into Bill Gates and I'll present it to my teacher.

96. The reputable companies today give (intelligence- preference- existence- dependence) to applicants that have IT and computer skills.

97. (Enrol- Sit- Break up- Mark) is a synonym for take and talking about exams.

98. To look at the internet means to ( surf- stream- carry out- upload).

99. Searching through books, documents and encyclopedias in libraries is a / an (effortless- humble- slight- time consuming) job.

100. She is going to (sit- write- perform- meet) for an examination in mathematics next week.

101. Internet connections through (upgraded- civilized- conventional- smart) phone lines are fairly slow.102. She always writes (letters- notes- blogs- essays) on the internet about traditional recipes.

103. You may ( upload- download- browse- stream) the internet for many hours until you find useful sites.

104. The manager's (difference- existence- preference- insistence) on punctuality put me off the job so I decided to set up my own business.

105. My dad is a businessman. The internet is a/ an (unreliable- trivial- indispensable- humble) tool for his business. He does everything on it.

106. The tourist guide gives some useful (recommendations- permissions- accommodations- departments) for good restaurants.

107. Online encyclopedias and dictionaries provide us with an enormous virtual (library- laboratory- workshop- storehouse).

108.They are (creating- establishing- carrying out- recording) a research into the effect of facebook on teenagers.

109. Students who get high marks have a (fee- gift- task- grant) to continue their studies at universities.

110. Most universities have (archived- combined- established- acknowledged) their own criteria for accepting undergraduates.

111. I sent her a bunch of flowers as a small (achievement- acknowledgement- entertainment- arrangement) of her kindness.112. Oil as a source of energy shouldn't be our only (combination- dependence- existence- residence).

113.Bill Gates' business is mainly in the (range- bank- field- farm) of technology.

114. The (creation- association- cooperation- examination) results will be announced in September.

115. The technician gave me a long (examination- combination- explanation- operation) on how my smart mobile phone works.

116. They deny any (entertainment- involvement- achievement- management) in the robbery and say they were at the cinema at that time.

117. On closer (preparation- creation- examination- cooperation) the vases were seen to be cracked.

118. Each school has its own (values- criteria- grades- amounts) that are used for assessing a student's progress.

119. Our school staff always welcomes parental (existence- residence- involvement- entertainment) to improve their kids' progress.

120. Despite his (existence- insistence- residence- preference) that he wasn't involved, most people think he is dishonest.121.Water is a/ an (operation- organization- combination- cooperation) of Oxygen and Hydrogen.

122. Mr. Ahmed is a good teacher but a weak manager. He lacks (development- involvement- management- entertainment) skills.123. Online shopping is very practical for (customs- customers- cosmetics- casualties) nowadays.

Grammar

Present tense contrast

The present simple tense Formation I, We, You, They + v stem. Ex : I play football everyday.

He, She, It + v.+ ( s, es, ies ). Ex : He always comes to school early.

Usage General facts Ex : The earth moves round the sun.

Habits Ex : I go to work by bus.

Timetable Ex : the train leaves at 6 o'clock.

Tense marks always , usually , often = (frequently) , sometimes , occasionally , never = ( rarely) = (hardly), every .

Negative form ( I, We, You, They ) + don't + v stem.

( He, She, It ) + doesn't + v stem.

Ex : She likes tea. ( not ) - She doesn't like tea.

Ex : He doesn't speak French. ( never ) - He never speaks French.Interrogative form Question word + do/ does + subject + v stem ?

Ex : I go to the club once a week. ( How often )

How often do you go to the club?Ex : Salma gets up at 7 o'clock. ( When )

When does Salma get up?( usually / sometimes

Usually I walk to school. I cycle to school sometimes.

(

believe / forget / hate / know / like / see / understand / want.

I know what you mean. I am knowing what you mean.

( active

passive :

Object + am / is / are + p.p.- Somebody cleans this room every day. (This room.)

This room is cleaned every day.

- They make American cars in Detroit. (American cars..)

American cars are made in Detroit._________________________________________________________________

Drill yourself:

1. Tamer often . up early.

( get gets getting got )

2. The moon around the earth.

( move moves moving has moved )

3. Children . Cartoon on TV everyday.

( watch watches are watching have watched )

4. I my uncle every week.

( visit visits am visiting visited )

5. The sun us light.

( give gives giving gave )

The Present Continuous Tense :Subject + am / is / are + verb + ing.- I . am

- He / She / It is

- We / You / They areEx: - I am playing football now.

- She is reading a book at the moment.

- Look, they are playing basketball.:( , :Look at the moment now

at the present time Listen

Ex: - He is watching TV at the sitting room now.- not am is areEx: - The girl isn't singing now.

( .Ex: - I am traveling to England next week.

- :- like dislike love hate want know prefer

understand hear.Ex: - Mona wants to leave now.

_____________________________________________________________________________

Drill yourself:

1. Look! The children . football.( play played are playing play )

2. Enas .. a letter on the computer now.( types typing is typing type )

3. they doing an experiment ? Yes , they are.( Is Do- Are- Does)

4. Susan to Italy next August.( travelled travel travels- is travelling )5. .. Heba washing the dishes? No, she isn't.( Are Does Do Is ) .

The present perfect tense

- : I we you they -( + have + P.P

He she it - (+ has + P.P

- They have watched TV. - We have cooked lunch

- I have studied the problem. - She has booked a room

- Ayman has seen a spider - He has moved to Luxor

-- : ( just already yet ever never since for lately recently so far up till now throughout history over ages (- just already : . - I have just ironed my clothes - She has already swept the floor.

- Yet : ( ) - They haven't phoned us yet. - Has she sent the letter yet ?

- He is still painting his room. = He hasnt finished painting his room yet.

- Ever : - Have you ever travelled by balloon? - No, I have never travelled by balloon.

- lately recently: ( ) - Have you phoned her (lately recently)? - I have answered a question recently. ( )- They haven't visited us lately. ( )- Since for :

Since ( last o'clock - then - etc.)For ( the last hour a long time ages etc.)

- Aya has moved to Cairo for seven years. (since)

- Aya has moved to Cairo since 2004.- It's ten o'clock . she has slept for 2 hours (since)

- She has slept since eight o'clock.

* since ( v + ing ) :- He hasnt come since you fired him.- Since going to Cairo. She has stayed there.

1) just now a moment ago a short time ago just .- He has just arrived . = He arrived a short time ago.- They have just phoned. = They phoned a moment ago .2) before now already . - He has already finished he finished before now.3) for since It ( is was has been ) since - He hasn't travelled for ages. = It is ages since he travelled.

- He hasnt studied for along time. = It is along time since he studied.

- when since last when The last time when hasn't haven't + P.P since - He hasn't helped her since she was ill.

= He last helped her when she was ill. = The last time he helped her when she was ill.

-He hasnt washed since he was ill.

= He last washed when he was ill. = The last time he washed when he was ill.

- since was when - I haven't phoned her since last week (last)= The last time I phoned her was last week.= The last time I phoned her was a week ago- Aya hasnt cooked since 2000. = Aya last cooked in 2000.

- ago for + ( have has ) + P.P for + + ago

I have travelled for 2 years ( ago ) .I travelled 2 years ago.

+( haven't hasn't ) + P.P for + last + + + ago

I haven't slept for 2 hours .I last slept 2 hours ago.

+ ( haven't hasn't ) + been + v+ ing for + started + v + ing + + ago

+ began to + + + ago

I have been learning English for a year.

I started learning English a year ago.

I began to learn English a year ago.

- ( have has ) gone to

- ( have has ) been to - He travelled to Cairo and came back. ( been ) = He has been to Cairo.

- He traveled to London and still there. [ has] = He has gone to London.

The present perfect continuous

[Have has ]+ been + v + ing - I have been reading all day.

- She has been watching TV too much recently.

- They have been learning English since 2005.

- He has been living her for 2 years. :1- all

2- - They have been learning Arabic for 12 years.- We have been living in Cairo for seven years

- I have been working in this factory since 2000

3- since / for now here - Ahmed has been reading for two hours now.- It has been raining for three hours now.- They have been living here since 1999.

4- - I am tired. I have been working all day. - He is late, he has been sleeping all night.- His hands are dirty . he has been repairing his car.

5- wait - live work travel read sleep stay mend swim stand .- I have been waiting for two hours

- They have been sleeping for along time

-

1-

- I have remembered what happened all the week.- All the week I have understood what had been said in class.

2- - He has written two letters all the night.- They have seen that film six times all that week .

The past simple tense Formation Regular ( v + d / ed / ied ) Ex : I visited Luxor last year.

Irregular ( went, saw, did ) Ex : I bought a car two years ago.

Usage An action began and finished in the past.

Tense marks ( yesterday, last, ago, one day, once, in 1990, in the past, this morning )Negative form Subject + didn't + v. stem

Ex : I saw the film yesterday. ( not )

- I didn't see the film yesterday.Ex : I played tennis yesterday. ( not )- I didn't play tennis yesterday.Interrogative form Question word + did + subject + v stem ?

Ex : They went to the cinema yesterday. ( Where )

Where did you go yesterday?

Ex : I had fish for dinner. ( What )

What did you have for dinner?

Used to Subject + used to + v. stem .

Ex : I played football when I was young. ( used to )

I used to play football when I was young.

Ex : In the past, Adel used to smoke. ( What ) What did Adel use to do in the past?

Ex : When grandfather was four, he used to ride a bike. ( not )

When grandfather was four, he didn't use to ride a bike.

( passive :

object + was / were + pp + by + subject Shakespeare wrote Hamlet. (Hamlet)Hamlet was written by Shakespeare.___________________________________________________________________Team Work

1) Complete the sentences with the present perfect or the past simple form of the verbs in brackets.

1. My grandfather _______________ (work) with the company for thirty years, until he retired in 1998.

2. Sam ___________ (play) foot ball in Spain for three years but he still can't speak the language.

3. ________ your mum __________ (teach) at your school for a few years when you were a student there?

4. Alex __________ (not study) maths for ages. He will fail the exam if he doesn't study soon.

5. We __________ (go) to the beach for a few hours on Sunday.

6. My brother ___________ (work) with my dad for the past six months.

7. I ____________ (play) basketball for the school team but I gave it up when I left.

8. "Where's John?" "He________ (go) to the shops."

9. Mr Ahmed __________(teach) us English for a year. I really like his classes.

10. My sister ______________ (study) French in Paris for a fortnight last summer.

___________________________________________________________________

2) Complete the sentences with the words from the box.

1. We went to Italy for our holiday last year.

2. How long ____________ you been here for?

3. We didn't stay with mu grandparents ________ a week.

4. Alan hasn' arrived ____________ .

5. Did they tell you about their plans ____________?

6. How long __________ they play for?

7. How long __________ he known you for?

8. We spoke to him two hours __________.

3) Read the dialogue. choose the correct answers.

Ahmed : .. a new computer yet?

(Did you buy/ Have you bought)

Samir : Yes, I one last weekend.

( 've bought/ bought)

Ahmed : Where .. it?

( did you buy/ have you bought)

Samir: At the department store. I decided to get a laptop.

Ahmed : Good idea. I .. my laptop for a month and it's really useful.

( had/ have had )

Samir: Yes, you can take them anywhere. yours to school?

( Have you taken/ Did you take)

Ahmed: Yes, a few times. I .... it in the information technology class.

(used/ have used)

Samir: Cool. How much ?

( has you laptop cost/ did your laptop cost)

Ahmed I can't remember because my dad for it

( paid/ has paid)

Samir: Lucky you! I had o use my savings to pay for mine.

______________________________________________________________________________

5 ) Complete the sentences with the correct present and past simple forms of the verbs in brackets.4) 1. When _________ he ________ (arrive) at school?5) 2. Laila _________ never________ (eat) Chinese food.6) 3. We __________ (travel) in the Sahara desert last year.7) 4. Laura _________ (buy) a new laptop yesterday.8) 5. We ___________ (see) the party last week.6. I __________ always ___________ (like) modern art.7. We __________ ( wait) for half an hour and he's still not here.

8. Andy __________ (not finish) washing up yet.

6) Complete the ext with the correct present perfect and past simple

forms of the verbs in brackets.

I'm only 21 but I 1___________ (travel) a lot. I _2__________ (go) to Egypt last March to see the pyramids. I like the Middle East and I 3___________ (visit) a lot of countries there. I _3________ (stay) in Jordan a year ago and I 4___________ (be) in Syria last summer. Now, I want to visit Asia. I _5________ never 6 _______ (see) India and I'm going next month. I can't wait!

Exercises on Grammar

1) Choose the correct answer:

1- It always . here in January.

is snowing

b) snows

c) snow

d) snowing

2- How long has your sister . abroad?

a) work

b) working

c) worked

d) works

3- Frank often .. late at the weekends.

a) gets up

b) get up

c) is getting upd) has got up

4- We Hany's birthday present and now we're going to make him a cake.

a) buy

b) are buyingc) have boughtd) buys

5- The moon . 27 days to travel around the earth.a) takes

b) takec) is taking

d) will take

6- They their car for about five years.

a) have

b) are havingc) had

d) have had7- Tom . lunch at the moment. He'll be finished in five minutes.

a) is eatingb) eat

c) eatsd) eating

8- The climate . gradually . over the last fifty years.

a) have ___ changedb) will___ changec) are___ changing

9- We with our grandparents while our house being decorated.

a) are staying

b) staysc) stays d) have stayed

10- The use of computers in schools . quickly in recent years, and it still growing.

a) growb) growing

c) has been growingd) grows11- I ( watched watch am watching - watching ) TV every evening.

12- Sameh often (is having had has - having ) lunch at 2 o'clock.

13- The Earth ( rises is rising rise - rose ) in the east.

14- What time ( did do are - is ) you usually leave school?

15- Munir ( doesn't didn't never dont ) goes to bed early.

16- The sun ( gives gave is giving - given ) us heat.

17- He (sometimes rarely often always) goes to the cinema. He goes once a year.

18- He ( walk walks walked ) to school every day.

19- Salma ( visits visit is visiting ) us every week.

20- The moon ( go went goes ) round the earth.

21- Ali often ( do does done ) his homework at six.

22- I sometimes ( sweeps sweep swept ) the floor.

23- She always ( make made makes ) her bed.

24- He never ( go went goes ) to school late.

25- We always ( play plays played ) football at seven on Friday.

26- Every morning, Ahmed ( drink drank drinks ) a cup of tea.

27- What time (do does doing) you leave for school every day.

28- She (write wrote writes) many letters every day.

29- In Egypt, it (rains rain rained) in winter.

30- Mr. Ahmed (live lives live ) in Mansoura.

31- Mr. Mohamed (teaches teach taught) us English.32- They (meet meets met) in the club every week.

33- Have you met the manager ( just yet never since ) ?

34- Dalia has practised her hobby ( just yet for since ) a long time.

35- Reham (visits has visited is visiting visit ) London recently.

36- They ( has been have gone have been going ) to the USA. They are in Cairo now.

37- She (has left left is leaving will leave) for work an hour ago.

38- The writer (has finished didn't finish isn't finished hasn't finished) his book yet.

39- Samir and Nagy (were have been has been will be) friends all their lives.

40- I have known him ( just yet for since ) we joined the university.

41- Noha has (already yet never since) cleaned her room. It looks nice now.

42- Adel ( has graduated graduated will graduate graduates ) from university in 2003.

43- We ( living lived have lived are living ) in Cairo since 1970.

44- He has met many people since he ( has arrived arrived arriving arrive ) at his office.

45- He ( just has already has has just never ) come back home.

46- When ( did have are were ) you last see him?

47- I've ( just never for00 since ) been to Europe. I wish I could.48- The sun in the east.

( rise rises rising rose )

49- She .. TV now because she has nothing to do.

( watches watched watching is watching )

50- Soha .. the floor now.

( sweep sweeping is sweeping sweeps )

51- What doing at the moment?

( are they they are were they they were )

52- Soha.. the floor every Friday.

( sweeps sweep is sweeping swept )

53- What on Saturdays?

( are they doing do they doing do they do they do )

54- At the present the government . a lot of hospitals.

( build building is building had built )

55- Ramy .. his teeth every morning.

( brush brushes is brushing brushing )

56- I know that he . in the garage at the moment.

( work working is working works )

57- .. he wear a watch?

( Do Does Is Are )

58- .. he wearing his watch now ?

( Do Does Is Are )

59- We with our eyes.

( see are seeing saw seen )

60- Our family in Mansoura.

( live lives live is living was living )

61- water at hundred degrees.

( boil boils is boiling may boil )62-A: Have you seen Sally lately?

B: No, I (didn't hear- haven't heard- wasn't hearing- hadn't heard) from her for ages.

63-Due to the rapid development of the tourist industry in our country, more and more people ( learn- are learning- have learnt- learnt) foreign languages.

64- My brother (has tried- tried- was tried- has been trying) to find a job but it's very difficult at the moment.

65- My sister and her husband (have been living- are living- was living- had lived) with us until their flat is ready.66- She (has finished- has been finishing- is finishing- will finish) secondary school and now she wants to go to university.

67- I spent all the morning cleaning the dishes. I (have been cleaning- have cleaned- cleaned- am cleaning) about 90 dishes since then.

68- Parking in the city centre (is getting- gets- would get- will get) more difficult nowadays.

69- Their plane (took- takes- is taking- has taken) off at 4.30 am yesterday morning.70. I (am knowing- know- have known- have been knowing) Fatma since we went to primary school

71. The climate (changes- is changing- changed- would change) gradually over the last fifty years.

72. The moon (is taking- has taken- takes- will take) 28 days to travel around the earth.

73. A: Are you still working on that biology project?

B: Yeah, it (takes- took- is taking- hasn't taken) longer than I expected.

74. A: Are you sure our Grandma (comes- is coming- coming- have come) this Friday?

B: I am positive so you'd better change your plans for the weekend.75. I can (yet- still- already- ever) remember having to use an old-fashioned printer.

76. My mum doesn't do- isn't doing- hasn't done- didn't do) much cooking because she always comes late from work.

77. That bike (belongs- is belonging- has belonged- belonging) to me.

78. I (don't understand- am not understanding- am not understood- will not understand) this sentence. Can you explain it?

79. You still (didn't tell- isn't telling- haven't told- don't tell) me where you found the money.

80. He (has gone- has been- will go- goes) to Alexandria. Now, He is in Mansoura.81. He ( has played- played- plays- has been playing) computer games for so long. He is still playing computer games.

82. My father can't alk on the mobile now. He (drives- drove- will drive- is driving) his car to work.

83. Hello! (Are you remembering- Do you remember- have you remembered- Will you remember) me? We met briefly at Mona's birthday.84. Our plane (takes- is taking- took- has taken) off tomorrow morning at 7 o'clock.

85. The film (starts- is starting- will start- is going to start) at 6 sharp.86. I (work- am working- have worked- have been working) on this assignment all day but I haven't finished yet. 87. Their plane .. off at 4:30 a.m. yesterday.

a) has taken b) took

c) takesd) is taking

88. I .. that book. You should read it. It's really good.

a) 've read

b) read

c) reading d) is reading

89. My brother .. interested in football. He plays every weekend.

a) was alwaysb) has always beenc) have always been

90. We to Cairo from Mansoura in about four hours.

a) drove

b) have driven

c) was driving

91. Last Friday's game .. really entertaining.

a) were

b) is

c) wasd) has been

92. Can I borrow your pen? I mine.

a) 've lost

b) lost

c) lose d) losing

2) Rewrite the following sentences using words between brackets :

1- I havent met him for two months.

[since]

2- I havent eaten in this restaurant for ages.

[it is]

3- he is still doing his homework.

[yet]

4- It hasnt rained for years.

[the last]

5- He has just arrived.

[a moment ago]

6- He started working in this factory in 1990.

[since]

7- He has learnt English for seven years.

[ago]

8- I last played tennis when I was young.

[havent ]

9- I've written to my pen friend for 3 years.

(since)

10- She went shopping a moment ago.

(has)

11- How long ago did you start playing football?

(How long have)12-1 have studied English since 2000.

(for)

13-1 really did all my jobs.

(already)

14- They moved to Cairo in I9SU and still live here.

(since)15- He is gentle at all the times.

( always )

16- He doesn't come late.

( never )

17- Everything is arranged for my travel to Alexandria tomorrow. (travelling)

18- He doesn't drink coffee at all.

( never )

19- It is arranged that he will fly to London next week. ( flying)

20- Ali played football yesterday.

( everyday )

21- Enas writes her homework.

( Look )

22- Heba watches the match on TV.

( at the moment ) 23- Ali is playing football now.

( every Friday )

24- She stands up for her teachers.

( Look )

25- He is good at teaching English.

( teaches)26- He has been at sea since 2005

(for)

27- I've known him for six years.

(since)

28- He began to work for that company in 2000

(since)

29- He started to teach English in 2005

(for)30- She started to clean the house three hours ago.

(for)

31- He began to paint his flat seven days ago.

(for)

32- He started to play tennis in 2002

(for)

33- We have arranged to spend our honeymoon in Turkey.(spending)

34- She does a jigsaw with her mother every Friday.

(not)

35- He doesn't go to the cinema.

(never)

36- He has been at the sea since 2005

(for)

37- It's my habit to watch TV at night.

(usually)

38- He doesn't go to the cinema.

(never)

39- He is a slow driver.

(drives)

40- I finished doing my homework a moment ago.

(just)

41. We are late, aren't we?

(early)

42- We still haven't had our results.

(yet)

43- I haven't gone to the doctor for two weeks.

(The last time)

44- Ramy is ill. He became ill on Monday.

(Ramy has)

45- It's four years since he had a car.

(He hasn't/ for)

Skills

Phrasal Verbs

back up plug in

charge up set out

copy in sum up

cut out / switch on

drop out of switch off

find out turn up

hand in turn down

work out unite

dividefurthermore

However What's more

FirstlyApart from that

For example lastly

In addition to to conclude

relationshipsaspect

criticizesociety

ridiculous

Examples1. Back sth up: to make a copy of information on your computer.

2. Charge sth up: to put electricity into a mobile phone or laptop.

3. Copy sth in: to send somebody a copy of an email that you are sending to another person.

4. Cut sth out: to remove something from a text.

5. Drop out of : to stop going to classes before you finished the course.

6. Find out: to get information about something because you want to know more about it.

7. Hand sth in: to give a piece of work to your teacher.

8. Plug sth in: to connect a piece of electrical equipment to the electrical supply.9. Set sth out: to organize your writing or work in a clear way.

10. Sum up: to describe in a few words the main ideas that have been written.

11. Switch sth on/off: to start or stop an electric machine.

12. Turn sth up/down to increase or reduce the sound something makes.

13. Work sth out: to find the answer to something.14. Can I switch on the TV for a moment? I want to see the weather forecast.

15. Now finish your essay and sum up your ideas in two or three lines.

16. I can't hear you unless you turn the music down.

17. We have to find out what time the train leaves on Saturday.

18. I don't like this sentences. I think we should change it or cut it out.

19. Did you pack up all your documents before you ook your computer to be repaired?

20. set out the document in four clear paragraphs.

21. No, he didn't finish university. He dropped out after the first year.___________________________________________________________________Team Work 1- Complete the text with the correct form of the phrasal verbs in the box.

We spend a lot of time using technology these days. I'm always

(1)plugging in my mobile phone to (2) __________ the battery _____. And I immediately (3) ____________ my computer as soon as I get home to see if I've received any emails. I also spend ages on my computer. When I send emails or messages to a friend, I often forget to (4)_________ my friends _____so I have to send the same message again and again. I'm also frightened of computer viruses and I (5)___________ my new documents. And I need a lot of time to write a document because I like to (6)_________ my writing in a clear and attractive way. Technology is supposed to help us save time but sometimes I think it does the opposite!__________________________________________________________________2- Match the phrasal verbs with the nouns they are used with.1. sum upa. the sound on a TV

2. charge upb. homework

3. work outc. a badly written sentence

4. cut outd. documents on a computer

5. drop out ofe. a maths problem

6. hand in f. main ideas in an essay

7. turn upg. information

8. back uph. university

9. find outi. a mobile phone

___________________________________________________________________

3- There are six mistakes in six of the sentences. Find the mistakes and correct them.1. Switch _Turn_ down the radio! We are trying to speak.

2. Andy dropped off of university after only six months. ___________

3. You can plug up your laptop here and charge it up. __________

4. It's good, but you need to sum up your ideas in the last paragraph. ________

5. We need to find on a lot of information before we start writing. __________

6. Could you copy in Mr Watson when you send your email?

7. Don't forget to hand out your work before Friday. _______________

8. Remember to back off all your documents before you switch off the computer. ____________

Linking Words

giving an exampleFor example, For instance

adding informationFurthermore, What's more, moreover

sequencing ideasFirstly, secondly, lastly

summarizingTo conclude, To sum up

contrasting ideasHowever, Apart from that, despite, although, similarly

Complete the sentences with the linking words and expressions above:

1. A lot of students don't like maths. ______________, they often need to use maths in their daily lives.2. ______________ speaking English fluently, my colleagues can also write the language well.3. Many sports are popular in Australia, for _____________, cricket, rugby, swimming etc.4. _________, we will look at technology in education. Then, we will look at5. ________, the food is good, the service is excellent and I'd be happy to recommend this restaurant.

Complete the text with the linking words in the box.

You can use some of them more than once

Technology experts are telling the world that our reading habits are about to change thanks to e-books. 1Moreover some of them claim that paper books are going to disappear very soon. 2___________ the widespread support that these claim have, I I don't completely agree. In my view, new technology I the entertainment field usually offers another way of doing things, but it doesn't mean the for traditional forms of entertainment.

3__________ if we look at the arrival of the cinema at the beginning of the 20th century, we see that lots of people said it was the end of the theatre. Obviously, this was not true as the theatre is still very popular all around the world.4 _________ many 'experts` predicted he end of the cinema when TV was invented, but cinemas continue to attract large audiences.

5__________ the music industry and TV companies have survived the arrival of the internet.6___________ lots of people, especially young people, listen to digital music that they have downloaded from the internet. 7____________ 70% of the music that people buy still comes on CDs.

8____________ TV companies continue to have very large audiences9____________ peole are streaming videos on the internet.

10___________ there is a market for e-books but in my opinion people will continue to buy read printed books. Recent history has shown that people like to have different ways of receiving information and entertainment, not just one.

Dictionary Corner

Prefixes

1. Bio

connected with living things or human life.2. Inter

between; from one to another.3. Micro

small, or on a small scale.4. Proto

original5. Techno

connected with technology6. ultra extremely; beyond a certain limit.Examples1. it's an interactive programme and the viewers can participate by sending text messages.

2. My grandparents hate computers and mobile phones. I think they have got technophobia!

3. a lot of research is being carried out into bio technology to improve agriculture and health care.

4. This bicycle is ultra light. You can lift it up with one finger!

5. Have you seen those new microcomputers? They're as small as mobile phones!6. This new computer has been developed from a prototype that was shown at last year's exhibition.

__________________________________________________________________

Exercises on skills and dictionary work

1. Choose the correct word(s) in brackets:1. I want to see the weather forecast. Please Sally, (plug into- work- switch on- sum up) the TV.

2. It's a good idea to (sum u- turn up- find out- back up) your files onto a memory stic.

3. To (sum up- switch on- turn up- find out) is to summarize your ideas in two or three lines.4. Our teacher says that all essays must be (found out- handed in- cut out- turned up) by Tuesday.

5. Every new system communication has been (approved- criticized- energized- summarized) for being dagerous.6. The children were (turning up- working out- cutting out- backing up) squares from the scraps of material.7. To (sum up- set out- find out- work out) something means to organize your writing or work in a clear way.8.

1) Write two paragraphs of not less than 18 lines on one of the following topics:

a) Should every household have a computer?

b) Computers and the internet have given us better forms of entertainment.

2) Write a dialogue of at least six exchanges on the following situation:Amr and Khaled are talking about the new computer Khaled bought last week.

3)-Comprehension: Read the following passage and answer the questions: (8m)

Dolphins have become a popular attraction at zoos in recent years. They are more and more interesting than lions and tigers because they are livelier and perform tricks like circus animals. But although they are more willing to cooperate with the trainer than other mammals in captivity, they get bored if they were asked to do the same trick twice. This is one reason for believing that they are very intelligent.

Dolphins are regarded as the friendliest creatures in the sea and stories of them helping drowning sailors have been common since the Romans. We now have more reliable evidence of their usefulness than sailor's tales. In South Africa, two dolphins have been trained to help swimmers in difficulties and drive sharks away from the beach. The more we learn about dolphins, the more we realized that they are better organized and their society is more complex than people previously imagined. They look after other dolphins when they are ill, care for pregnant mothers and protect the weakest, as we do.

Some scientists have suggested that dolphins have a language system which is similar to a bat's and which man cannot hear. It is much more probable that they have an echo location. Could any of these mammals be more intelligent than man? The questions cannot be answered. Our aims and interests are different from dolphins. The more we discover about these remarkable creatures, the less we appear superior to them.

Answer the following questions:

1- How are dolphins like circus animals?

2- What services could dolphins render to man?

3- What do you learn from the passage about dolphins' life?

4- What does the underlined word refer to ?

5- Most sharks are ....................

a) man's friends. b) man's enemy.

c) dolphins' friends. d) as friendly as dolphins.

6- Dolphins communicate with each other by using ..............

a) words similar to man's. b) sounds like other animals.

c) the language of birds. d) movements of the body.

7- Dolphins are ................

a) as intelligent as man b) more intelligent than man

c) more intelligent than other sea animals d) not intelligent at all.

8- In South Africa, two dolphins were trained so as to

a) drown swimmers. b) organize society.

c) give a hand to man in times of need d) tell tales to sailors.

4)-Poetry:

(4m)

Shall I compare thee to a summr`s day?

Thou art more lovely and more temperate.

Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,

And summer`s lease hath all too short a date.

1- From sonnet 18, Paraphrase the above lines.

2- What is the main idea in Milton`s On His Blindness? How is this idea developed?

1) choose the correct word(s) in brackets:

(8m)1. . means to look at the internet.a) stream

b) browse

c) carry outd) drop out of2. We have to carry .. a task this week.a) off

b) on

c) out

d) away3. Students break at the end of the school year.a) in

b) out

c) down

d) up4. You have to pay . to go to university.a)

5. An . is a place for keeping papers and documents.

a)

6. A . is a piece of work that has to be done.

7. To means to join a course.

a)

8. A good student gets good in their exams.

a)

9. Ahmed hasn't been to the supermarket ..

a) yet

b) never

c) already

d) last 10. A . is a formal word to describe the place where you live. a) residence

b) encyclopaediac) impact

d) archive1. Diana usually goes to her office in Oxford every day, but she . at home this week.

a) work

b) works

c) is workingd) worked2. A photographer the photos for the book last week.

a) takes

b) is taking

c) took

d) taken

3. Diana . an editor since 2007.

a) was b) has beenc) is

d) being

4. Sam has . finished the report.

a) alwaysb) yetc) agod) already

5. please, Sum the ideas in your essay.

a) inb) up

c) outd) down

6. The scientist based his research on different .

a) criteriab) criterion

c) marksd) flowers

2) Rewrite the following sentences using te words in brackets:

1. It's Hoda's habit to wear contact lenses.

(usually)

2. I last swam in a lake when I was six years old.(since)

3.

4.

The Novel

missionexpedition teenager

unlike canoed civilians

self-confidence territory

scorchingZimbabwesuffer from

denseMozambiqueconfident

self-esteem southern Africa signal

solomarine life

hardshipsvariouscompass

civil war capsizenegative impact

kidnappedfloatfunds

fled rescueobviously

put off rowlife jacket

valuable set off charity

waterways acrossachievement

unexplored undertakepaddle

accomplishedmotivationtent

braveunexpected sleeping bag

adventurecivil war GPS system GPS

experiencePapua New Guinea

fast-flowing awards

backpacking lack

1. mission

a particular task which you feel you should do2. unlike

in contrast to

3. scorching

extremely hot

4. dense

containing lots of things very close together

5. self-esteem

a good opinion on your own character and abilities

6. solo

without other people

7. hardships

difficult or unpleasing conditions8. civil war

a war between groups of people who live in the same country

9. kidnapped

taken away by force and kept prisoner

10. fled

ran away from something11. put off

to make somebody not like something12. valuable

very useful or important13. waterways

a passage of water where boats can travel14. unexplored

that nobody has investigated or put on a map15. accomplishedhighly skilled at something

Exercises:.

1. In order to escape from the country, the gang fled the country.2. The food was so bad that it put us off going to that restaurant again.

3. Travelling across the desert at midday is difficult because of the scorching sun.

4. Her self-esteem is very low because she failed the exams.

5. The astronauts' mission is to see if there are signs of water on the planet's surface.

6. People suffered a lot of hardships during the war; they had no shelter and very little food.

7. He's very sporty, unlike me. I can't stand sports.

8. We couldn't see very far because the forest was really dense.

9. Boats used to bring food and supplies to the towns on the waterways.10. The civil war in the country has caused the deaths of hundreds of civilians.

11. We were the first people to cross the jungle and the territory was totally unexplored.12. She prefers to travel solo rather than to go with a group of people.

13. The police received some valuable information about robbery from the security guard at the bank.

14. After years of practice Sara is now an accomplished pianist.

15. The businessman has been missing for 3 days now and the police think he has been kidnapped.

1. We set off from home at 7 o'clock in the morning and arrived late in the evening.

2. With the help of life jackets they float on the water until help arrived.3. He rowed the small boat across to the other side of the river.

4. A big wave capsized the boat and threw everyone into the sea.

5. He was waving his hands to signal for help.

6. You can only undertake a trip to the Himalayas if you receive a lot of support.

7. Ann jumped into the water to rescue the small child from the boat.

well something has been successfully done.

hyper more than normal.

self refers to the individual person.

half something is unfinished or almost happens.

multi a large number or amount of something.

Examples1. Her self-esteem is high and she feels confident.2. he can sing, dance and act. He's multi talented.

3. He's silly half-important man who thinks everyone should listen to what he has to say.

4. Her travel books are multi-written.

5. The children never stop playing. They're hyper active.

6. I was half-asleep in class and I didn't catch what the homework is.

7. That balloon is multi coulored! I can see red, yellow, green 8. We are completely prepared for the expedition. We have been multi-traind.

9. You can't leave yet. Your meal is half-eaten!10. She gets upset very easily. She's hypersensitive.

backpack kayak sleeping bag

compasscamping stove GPS system

first aid kit paddle map

waterproofs tentmatches

half-asleep half-eatenhyper-sensitive

hyper-active multi-talented multi-coloured

self-importantwell-trained well-written

conflict - suffer

1) Choose the correct word(s) in brackets:1. A gang .. a young girl yesterday. They asked for twenty million pounds to set her free.a) capsizedb) explored

c) kidnapped

d) formatted

2. This book is . It is helpful and useful.

a) dense

b) scorchingc) unexplored

d) valuable

3. Travelling across the desert at midday is difficult because of the.sun.

a) scorchingb) unexploredc) achieving

d) missing4. A young woman has been missing for three days now and the police think she has been .

a) calculatedb) kidnappedc) discovered

d)eating

5. The astronauts' .. is to see if there are signs of water on the moon's surface.

a) missionb) capsize

c) float

d) train

6. The police received some information about robbery from the security guard at the bank.

a) scorchingb) valuable

c) accomplishedd) floating

7. People suffered a lot of during the war; they had no shelter and very little food.

a) happinessb) food

c) hardships

d) missions

8. He's very sporty, ..me. I can't stand sports.

a) unlike

b) sensitive

c) active

d)impotant9. Rivers and canals are examples of .

a) desertsb) jungles

c) motorwaysd) forests

10. There was a conflict between groups of people who live in Mozambique. They were in the middle of a

a) happinessb) civil war

c) firefighter d) camp

11. Boats are used to bring food and supplies to towns on the .a) junglesb) deserts c) waterways

d) fields12. The .. in the country has caused the deaths of hundreds of civilians.

a) civil warb) school

c) hospital

d) camp

13. This place hasn't been visited yet by people. It's

a) Kidnappedb) revolutionized c)indispensabled) unexplored14. We were the first people to cross the jungle and the territory was totally .

a) revolutionizedb) indispensablec) unexploredd) kidnapped

15. She was . him in every way except for her black eyes.

a) similar

b) different

c) unlike

d)differ

16. He tried to .. from the prison yesterday, but he was arrested.

a) escape

b) explore

c) enter

d) stay17. Hany's .. is very low because he failed the exams.

a) blog

b) stream

c) blog

d) self-esteem

18. We couldn't see very far because the forest was really ..

a) accomplishedb) hyper-sensitive c) dense

d) multi-trained

19. He the small boat across to the other side of the river.

a) rowed

b) put off

c) plugged In

d) switched

20. Ann jumped into the water to . the small child from the boat.

a) explore

b) eat

c) rescue

d) sleep21. We have to carry .. a task this week.

a) off

b) on

c) out

d) away

22. The food was so bad that it put us . going to that restaurant again.

a) out

b) off

c) away

d) on

23. A god student gets good . in their exams.

24. The adjective .. describes someone who is normal and traditional.

25. An . is a place for keeping papers and documents.

26. You need matches and a if you want to cook.

a) map

b) camping stove

c) compass d)kayak

27. You should wear waterproofs if it's .

a) dry

b) hot

c) humid

d) raining

28. You need a if you want to carry a hot drink with you.a) compassb) stove

c) first aid kit

d) flask

29. You need a .. to help someone who is hurt.

a) compassb) first aid kitc) flask

d) camping stove

30. You should wear a .. when you are in a kayak or a boat.

a) first aid kit b) sleeping bagc) life jacket

d) camping stove31. You can you a to find your position.

a) first aid kitb) compass

c) life jacket

d) kayak

2) Complete the text with words from the list:

The past simple tense:The Past Simple Tense

- .

- : (ed / d) :- play played

- arrive arrived

- watch watched- use used

- (y) (ied) : (y)- study studied

- cry cried- : :- eat ate

- go went

( : Yesterday In the past last week

last month

last year

a week ago

a month ago

a year ago

Ex: - I went to school by car yesterday. - I didn't walk to school yesterday.- :- + did + + ?- What did you do yesterday?

- Where did you go last Friday?

- Did Yes / No

- Did you play football yesterday?

Yes, I did.

or

No, I didn't.

- was / were :- Where was Mohamed yesterday?

- He was at the market.It is used to express:

1. an activity completed at a specific time in the past.

The boys played football last Friday.2. a shorter past action that interrupted a longer one It rained while they were playing football.The Past continuous Formationwas / were + v. + ing

Usage An action was happening at a certain time in the past. - I was studying at 5 o'clock yesterday.Tense marks

( at 7 o'clock yesterday, at 10 o'clock last night, all day yesterday )Negative

Was / were + not + v. + ing

Ex : I was reading a story. ( not ) - I wasn't reading a story. Ex : They were playing tennis. ( not ) - They weren't playing tennis.Interrogative

What + was / were + Subject + doing . ?

Ex : I was studying at 4 o'clock yesterday. ( What )

What were you doing at 4 o'clock yesterday?

A shorter action interrupted a longer one :

While

As + past continuous + past simple

Just as

- While he was watching a film, the phone rang.

- The light went out as she was reading a story.

Past continuous + when + past simple

- I was reading a story when my father arrived.

- I was walking in the street when I met an old friend.Two actions happening at the same time :

While

As + past continuous + past continuous

Just as

- Dad was reading a book while mum was cooking.

- Just as Shady studying hard, Khalid was playing computer games.If there isn't a subject :

While + v-ing

- While his running, he fell down.

The past perfect Formation

Had + pp

Usage

- .- Samy had found the pen which he had lost.

- He went to the doctor because he had been ill.

Tense marks

After

As soon as + past perfect past simple

When

Ex : Soha washed up and then she went out. ( After )

After Soha had washed up, she went out.

Ex : First, I did my homework. Then, I visited my friend. ( As soon as ) As soon as I had done my homework, I visited my friend.

Before By the time + past simple past perfect

When

Ex : We finished our exams. Then we travelled. ( Before )

Before we travelled, we had finished our exams.

Ex : I had the meal. Then I took my medicine. ( by the time )

I had had the meal by the time I took my medicine.

didn't + v stem until + past perfect

Ex : After Adel had studied, he watched TV. ( until )

Adel didn't watch TV until he had studied.

Ex : Before I went to the cinema, I had written the report. ( until ) I didn't go to the cinema until I had written the report.

It wasnt until + past perfect + that + past simple - He found a place. Then he parked his car. (until / it wasnt until)

- He didnt park his car until he had found a place.

- It wasnt until he had found a place that he parked his car.

After

Before + v. + ing

- Before watching the match, he had exercised hard.

- After doing the homework, he played computer games.

After + past perfect .. = Having + pp

- After he had done his work, he went to sleep. ( Having )

Having done his work, he went to sleep.

- Having made the dress, she wore it. ( After )

After she had made the dress, she wore it.

No sooner than .... Hardly had + subject + P.P. + when + past simple

Scarcely

- After he had known the news, he phoned me. ( No sooner ) No sooner had he known the news than he phoned me.

- As soon as we had finished the exams, we travelled. ( Hardly )

Hardly had we finished the exams when we travelled.1) Past perfect continuous:

1. to describe an uncompleted action that took place before a second past action. The ship had been sailing through the sea for twelve days when a sudden storm happened.

Look out

1. I didn't to like vegetables but now I like them.

( used use using uses)

2. My brother didn't like London at first, but now he's used to in it.

( living live lived lives)

3. Did you Dad use to cigars?

( smoke smoking smoked smokes)

4. I'm used to . in Japanese, but speaking is difficult.

(write writing wrote writes)

1) choose the correct answer from a, b or c:1. We . when my mobile rang.

2. I had an accident when I .. for a long time without stopping.

3. I .. Julia when I was shopping.

4. I saw the film of the book last night. I the book last year.

5. When we left the house, the sun .. and the birds were singing.

6. Sara .. at 6 o'clock and then she went for a run.

7. We finally saw the top of the mountain after we for two days.

8. They .. back very late last night.9. They wanted to rest because they .. through the jungle all day.

10. Although the sun was shining, it at the same time.

11. While we through the jungle, we heard the sound of monkeys in the trees.

12. I got into the kayak and then remembered that I .. the paddle in the tent.13. We .. for four hours when we met another group of climbers.

14. The wind was blowing harder and harder when suddenly a sandstorm

15. While he ( slept sleeps was sleeping ), the phone rang.

16. I was having a bath ( as while when ) you phoned.

17. As Noha was studying, mum ( cooks was cooked was cooking ) lunch.

18. He was arrested while he ( tries tried was trying ) to escape.

19. While Sam was running fast, he ( fall fell was falling ).

20. After he had left the factory, he ( going went had gone ) home.

21. Before ( watched had watched watching ) the film, mum had made a cake.

22. As soon as I ( left had left leaving ) the party, I drove home.

23. I took the book back to the library after I ( have read had read was reading ) it.

24. As soon as the students ( had done were doing were done ) the experiment, they wrote a report about it.

25. He didn't buy the car until he ( has saved was saving had saved ) enough money.

26. She went to the petrol station because she ( has run had run was run ) out of petrol.

27. No sooner ( mum had had mum has mum ) finished cooking than we ate.

28. They ( didn't take hadn't taken hasn't taken ) their dinner until their father had come.

29. The police had arrived at the house after he ( was phoning has phoned had phoned ).

3- Rewrite :1. He was watching TV when his uncle came. ( while )

2. He had an accident as he was crossing the street. ( when )

3. During his sleep, his money was stolen. ( while )

4. He was playing football and fell down. ( As )

5. While I was having lunch, the phone rang. ( During )

6. I was sending an email when you phoned. ( What )

7. By the time I arrived at the cinema, the film had started. ( After )

8. They went out after it stopped raining. ( before )

9. I left the house and then it started to rain. ( As soon as )

10. Ali ate his lunch and left home. ( By the time )

11. After he had finished his studies, he got a job. ( Having )

12. As soon as I got money, I bought a camera. ( until )

13. He took the medicine after he had been ill. ( He didn't )

14. I read the message. Then I knew the time of his arrival. ( Before )

15. I didn't go to bed until I had had my supper. ( After )

16. Having handed the report, he handed it to his boss.

( After )

17. He was playing when he fell down.

(While)

18. On getting up next morning, he discovered that the boat had left.(When)

19. He was painting the ceiling and he suddenly fell off the ladder. (When)

20. During my supper, the telephone rang.

(While)

21. While I was staying in England I visited the Big Ben.

(During)

22. First, he finished his work. Then, he left the office.

(until)

23. She bought a car after she had learnt to drive.

(It wasn't until)

24. The doctor arrived but the patient died.

(By the time)

25. I phoned him immediately after he had arrived. (Hardly when)

26. We watered the garden. Then we cleaned the house. (When)

27. After he had written several letters, he went to bed.

(Having)

28. Nabil did his homework, then he watched TV.

(After / Before)

Mapping the desert:

clearing sandstorm desert

dune summit amount

foliage tide hiking

oasisundergrowth trekking

oaseswave

passjungle

range mountain

1. Trees in Britain usually have a lot of foliage because of all the rainwater they get.

2. You can cross the Pyrenees mountain range by following the pass that goes along La Cerdanya valley from Spain to France.

3. After hiking in the forest we found a clearing between trees and laid out our sleeping bags.

4. When the tide comes in, the sea covers the beach and when there are big waves It's dangerous to drive along the coast road.

5. Although we were thirsty, we decided to wait before continuing to the oasis The strong winds had caused a sandstorm and we couldn't even read our maps. In the morning we discovered that the wind had formed new sand dune and the desert landscape looked completely different.

6. We climbed to the top of the mountain and from the summit we could see villages and beaches along the shore of the Mediterranean Sea.

7. We were trekking through the jungle when we heard a snake moving in the undergrowth

Match the the words in the box with the definitions. 1. A road or way over or between mountains. _______________

2. Bushes and plants that grow around and under trees. _________

3. A small area without trees in the middle of a wood of forest. ________

4. The land at the edge of a sea or lake. _____________

5. A line of mountains or hills. ____________

6. All the leaves of a tree or plant. __________

7. A raised line of water which moves across the surface of an area of water, especially the sea.___________

8. The rise and fall of the sea that happens twice every day. ________

9. The top of a mountain. ___________

10. A low hill of sand. _____________

11. A strong wind carrying a large amount of sand. __________

12. A place in the desert where there is water and where plants grow.______

Test 2

1)- Composition:

Write two paragraphs of not less than 18 lines on ONE only of the following: (7m)

a) The value of practicing sports.

b) How we can make schools more enjoyable for students.

2)- Dialogue:

Write a dialogue of at least SIX exchanges on the following situation: (6m)

You `ve been in Cairo Bookfair. You met a well-Known writer there. Write a conversation between you and him expressing your opinion about his work.

3)-Comprehension: Read the following passage and answer the questions: (8m)

When you think of teaching, you may think of assigning homework and giving grades, These are things teachers do, but they are not really teaching. Teaching is the process of helping others gain knowledge, giving instruction in skills and helping others to learn by proving experinces and demonstration. People teach each other constantly: parents teach children, children teach parents and friends teach friends. But people are called teachers only when their occupation is teaching. The primary purpose of teaching is to help students learn what they need to know to live happily and successfully. In order to achieve this goal, good teachers must first make their students realize that the subject being taught is useful, interesting or important in some way.

Everyone wants to know. Good teachers point out to their students the ways learning can help them, so they will learn and insist on going on learning. No one can teach someone who is unwilling to learn.Teaching and learning depend on each other. Both teacher and students must be active participants in order for any teaching to take place. Answer the following questions:

1- What is teaching?

2- Why do students need to learn?

3- How are teaching and learning connected?

4- Why cannot people stop learning?5-The word occupation in the passege means...

a) skill b) thought c) purpose d) job

6- No one can teach someone who is to learn

a) interested b) uninterested c) very old d) old

7- We are all some times ----------

a) teachers b) students c) parents and friends d) teachers and students

8-Everyone wants to know as knowledge has a great

a)idiot b)trivial c)value d) valueless4)-Poetry:

The waves beside them danced; but they

(4m)

Outdid the sparkling waves in glee,

Apoet could not but be gay,

In such a jocund company:

I gazed - and gazed- but little thought,

What wealth the show to me had brought.

1- Paraphrase this stanza and pick out the figures of speech.2- What are the Romantic elements?

5) Choose the correct word(s) in the brackets: (8m)

1-He is a successful businessman who .. ..a profit of 100-000dollars a month.

a)does b) earns c)gains d)makes

2- She turned down the part means that she ..it.

a)refused b)agreed c)accepted d)respect

3- In Egypt, family..are popular on feasts.

a)gathering b)combitions c)groups d)collections

4-Some animals canthemselves to the different climatic conditions.

a) adopt b)adapt c)convert d)turn

5- .are used for pulling sledges over the snow.

a)Huskies b)Goggles c)Tusks d)Husks

6-Scientists ...research to prove their theories.

a)conduct b)hold c)make d)carry

7-The project.in two years.

a) will be completed b)wll complete c)completed d)is completing

8-I don`t believe people who lies.

a)tell b) say c)talk d)speak

9-Salwa . carless.She left her keys in the door.

a)must have been b)must be c) can`t be d)couldn`t have been

10-Nothing happened, ?.

a) did it b)did they c)didn`t it d)didn`t they

11-He asked me what ..

a)my name was b)my name is c)is my name d)is your name

12-It hasn`t raind .April.

a)for b)ago c)since d)in

13-If I .younger, I`d work in the new Delta project.

a)were b)am c)have been

d)had been

14-The pyramids are enormous.

a)absolutely b)very c)extreme d)amazing

15- The ..is the soft part at the bottom of your ear.

a)earlobe b)earring

c)eardrop d)eardrum

16-It has been raining heavily and it hasn`t let .

a)out b)up c)down

d)on

6)- Rewrite the following sentences using the word(s) in brackets : (5m)

1- Many houses have been built for youth to solve the housing problem. ( The Government )

2- Though she is poor, she is generous. ( However )

3- She didn`t revise well so she didn`t answer all the question ( If )

4- He worked in a hotel from 2000 and still working there.

( for )

5- He consulted his bank manger. He wanted to start a business of his own. ( because of )

7)-The Novel :"The Citadel" Answer THREE questions: (6m)

1- Why was Manson asked for an inquiry? How did he defend himself ?

2-"I admire your form of treatment. I can see that oneday you will be a great success!." Comment.

3- Give examples to prove that Manson gave up easily all his beliefs to make money.

4- In Miss Cramb`s case, Manson proved to be a very skilful doctor. Discuss.

8)-THE PLAY :"The Government Inspector" Answer THREE questions: (6m) 1- Hlestakov`s letter shows that they had been easily cheated (fooled). Discuss

consciousnesstransformedmainstream -

stood outpumpimagine

all-round elitenightmare

impressive compatriotsawaiting

socialize hyperactive operations

school fees backgroundfeel sorry for

shatter - overcoming make the most of

optiondroughtchampionship

Paralympics determinedinspire

motivation title sportswoman

enthusiasmfacilitiesauthorities

science lab native speaker volunteer

involvedunbearablevolunteering

youthfulconditionsdonations

shepherd organizationsimpressed

servantraise money purpose

give backfully-equipped particular

1. hyperactive

Having more energy than normal and unable to keep quiet or

still.

2. shatter

To destroy something completely.

3. backgroundThe type of family and social class you come from and the

education experience you have.4. all-around

able to do many different things well.

5. fees

The money you pay for professional advice or sevices from

doctor, lawyers, schools universities etc.

6. socialize

To meet and spend time with friends.

7. pump

A machine that is used for forcing a gaz or liquid in a particular

direction.

8. Compatriots

People who come from the country as you.

9. Mainstream

considered normal and used or accepted by most people.

10. impressive

causing a feeling of admiration and respect because of the impotance, size quality, etc. of something.

11. Overcomingsucceeding in dealing with a problem.12. stood out

was very noticeable.

13. Consciousnessthe state of being awake and knowing what is happening around you.

14. elite

thought to be the best.

15. transformedchanged completely.

Exercises:

1) Choose the correct answer:

1. A compatriot is a person who a. plays in the same teamb) studies in the same class

c) comes from the same country

2. Which verb do we often us