Alan Dorsinville, Reading High SchoolNatalie Gibbs, Reading High School

Introduction The Problem and our solution Background Information The purpose of μPAD’s

Materials Procedure Science Concepts Results Team F(Floral Experiment) Conclusion/Discussion Further Research Acknowledgements

The cost of health care is an issue in America

Testing requires Time Money Insurance Technical Experience Etc

All of which is inconvenientDeveloping Countries

Micro fluidic paper-based assay devices (μPAD) A paper diagnostic test

Paper-based devices are Inexpensive Quick Easy to use Require a small volume of liquid Lack the use of advanced equipment Effective and accurate

Your body has many substances including proteins and glucose

Glucose provides energy for your body an all of your movements

Glucose Concentration

Disease

0-0.8mM Normal

Above 0.8mM Impaired kidney and/or diabetes

Proteins are important for growth, tissue repair, and many other bodily functions

Our purpose is to show we can quantify diagnostic results using a cheap paper device Our chips are designed to detect glucose

and protein in our substances

Intermolecular forces

Capillary action Allows us to direct small amounts of

liquid to testing wells

CleWinChromatography paper( Whatman)PrinterScales, beakers, pipettesVarious chemicals Infrared GunHot PlateScannerAdobe Photoshop

Part One: PlanningCleWin is a computer program made

to design our chips

Step 1: Printing The pattern is outlined with wax when

printedStep 2: Place the chips on a hot plate

at 150°C Allows wax to seep through

This project requires making both a protein and glucose reagent A chemical reagent is a substance used

in a chemical reaction to detect, measure, examine, or produce other substances

Buffer (pH=6.0) 0.2 M NaH2PO4 0.2 M Na2HPO4

0.3 M Trehalose0.6 M KI30 units/mL HRP120 units/mL GO

Glucose + Glucose oxidase Gluconic acid + Hydrogen

peroxide (H2O2)

H2O2 H2O + ½ O2

I- ½ I2

HR Peroxidase

Brown color

Part 1: 0.25 M Citric acid (pH 1.8 buffer) 184 μL H2O, 16 μL EtOH

Part 2: 9 mM TBPB 10 μL H2O, 190 μL EtOH

Protein Mechanism TBPB + protein = Blue color

Apply 0.2 μL of reagents using a micropipette. Must wait ten minutes

Part Five: Test One

We made a new design for our second chip on CleWin, printed them, and reapplied the chemical reagents, etc.

The chips are a urine analysis test so we made an artificial urine sample

We made several concentrations glucose and proteins to test

Sol'n 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11Glucose 25 18.75 12.5 9.375 6.25 5 3.75 2.5 1.25 0.63 0BSA 25 20.83 16.67 12.5 8.33 4.17 3.125 2.08 0.833 0.42 0Urine 0 10.42 20.83 28.13 35.42 40.83 43.13 45.42 47.92 48.96 50

We performed eight tests for each of the eleven different concentrations of glucose and protein

After 30 minutes, the chips were scanned into the computer

Team F’s research is focused on the relationship between pollinators and nectar

We made adjustments to our second chip to create a more effective test

We were not able to quantify, but still proved the chips had the potential to quantify different detectable substances

We were able to rank the glucose concentration of Team F’s nectar solutions

The μPAD’s serve the same purpose as other urine tests Scientists are trying to find ways of

detecting more diseases with the paper-based analytical device

We would like to thank:Dr. Scott PhillipsSeeCos FacultyChris DalyMs. Jody MarkleyMr. Derek JamesMs. Jean Marie DonnellyUBMS Staff