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. , , , , . , , . (Bloom,1976) " " - " " . ("Mastery learning"), 75 - 90% . , , . , , , (Cronbach, 1977). . - (, 1981). (1976) , . . , , , .

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9

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10

(1967) . (, , ) . , , , - . (), : , , , . . (De Landsheere, 1977; De Corte, 1973). ( 3) (De Landsheere, 1977). "", "" "" " " , "" . - "" " ", , "" , (. , 1973).

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(Bruner, 1960) " ", , - . , . , . : 1. . 2. . " " - . , , . 3. " ". . 4. "" , , "" "" . , , : . : , - . , , (-, 1970).

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(1970) " " , . , : - , "" , , - "" . , . (Jung, 1975) " , " "" , .

? . , . " ", - . " " : (Atkinson, 1966) , (Evans, 1969) , (Kohlberg, 1977) , (1978) . . . . " . " (, 1977, . 259).

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, - . , . . " , ". . " "" , " (, 1966, . 43). ; . : , . . , , ( ). - . . , - . . , . - ( ). . . , - , . -

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, .: .. , , , , 1977, . 20

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(1977), XIV " ", . (Toward a Theorry of Instruction, The Relevance of Education) , . - , . . : (1) , (2) (3) . : () , () , () , () , () , () , () . 6:

(1967) . : - " ", - , - ,

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- - , - , . : () , () , () () . (1977) , . , . , . 1. ( 6) , , - : . . : , - . - , . , : . (Shulman, 1977) , , - , . , " ", , - , . , - , .

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27

- , , . . . , , - . , . . . . , . . . . "" - , , , , . , , - . - , . - . .

.

28

- . - (Kami, 1971). (Furth,1970) . , - , . , , . . , . - () , = . - , , . , . . , . , (1978, . 9). - . : () , , ; () , . : " " . - - , , .

29

(1971) (discovery), , (invent), - . - . . (1981) - , - () () - . (1981) " , " - " ". - - . . . . - . , - . , " ", . , - .

(Hunt, 1961) (Ferguson, 1954) , . . ,

30

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. : () , () - , . (1969) , , " ". . (Lorge, 1945; Thorndike, 1948; Husen, 1951; Holland, 1951). (Vernon, 1964) . : () , () , () () .

(1976) . , , , , , . . (1981) . , . . " " - , . - , ( ).

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. , - . , . (1981) . : () . - , , . : () () - . , . . : () ( ) , , () , , (). : , . , - . . - . , - " ". (1979) .

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. . - . , , , " " (, 1976). (1981) - . - , " ". . " , . : , , , , . , , . , , , , , . : , , . . , , , " (1981, . 48). . , - " ". .

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38

, . . (. Levin, 1979) " ". "mastery learning" " ", . ( ) . . . ? . . (F = 20,13; p < 0,01). , - (F=10,87; p