Alexandar Flemming

8/14/2019 Alexandar Flemming.

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Alexander FlemingAlexander Fleming

Inventor of PenicillinInventor of Penicillin


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ChildhoodChildhood Born on Lochfield Farm,Born on Lochfield Farm,

Darvel, Ayrshire onDarvel, Ayrshire onAugust 6, 1881.August 6, 1881.

Was a farmer's son.Was a farmer's son.

Moved to London at ageMoved to London at age13, to stay with his older13, to stay with his older

brother.brother.

Fleming working inFleming working in

his Laboratory.his Laboratory.


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SchoolSchool

Attended

Louden Moor School, DarvelAttended Louden Moor School, DarvelSchool, and Kilmarnock Academy.School, and Kilmarnock Academy.

In London, he attended Polytechnic.In London, he attended Polytechnic.


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St. Mary'sSt. Mary's

Met Sir AlmrothMet Sir Almroth

Wright, a professorWright, a professor

at St. Marys.at St. Marys.

Joined hisJoined his

laboratory staff.laboratory staff.

Spent the rest ofSpent the rest of

his life there, as ahis life there, as abacteriologist.bacteriologist.

Site of Fleming's laboratory.Site of Fleming's laboratory.


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PenicillinPenicillin

Discovered inDiscovered in1928.1928.

Was working inWas working in

his lab, trying tohis lab, trying tokill a deadlykill a deadly

bacteria, when hebacteria, when he

noticed a bluenoticed a blue

mold growing onmold growing on

the dish.the dish.

The mold PenicillumThe mold Penicillum

Notatum.Notatum.


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Not an ordinary moldNot an ordinary mold

Learned that it wasLearned that it wasthe mold Penicillumthe mold Penicillum

Notatum.Notatum.

Penicillin is foundPenicillin is foundin this mold.in this mold.

Noticed that theNoticed that thebacteria around thebacteria around the

mold wasmold was

dissolving.dissolving.The mold PenicillumThe mold Penicillum

Notatum.Notatum.


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How it isHow it is waswas DevelopedDeveloped

For 9 years, nobody couldFor 9 years, nobody could

purify the Penicillum Notatumpurify the Penicillum Notatum

to get the pure penicillin.to get the pure penicillin.

Finally, in 1938, a team ofFinally, in 1938, a team of

Oxford University Scientists,Oxford University Scientists,headed by Howard Floreyheaded by Howard Florey

and Ernst B. Chain helped toand Ernst B. Chain helped to

develop penicillin.develop penicillin.

Penicillin beingPenicillin being

developed.developed.


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Mass ProductionMass Production

Methods for its massMethods for its mass

production, purification,production, purification,

and stabilization wereand stabilization were

developed in the U.S.,developed in the U.S.,

in cooperation with thein cooperation with theDepartment ofDepartment of

AgricultureAgriculture. The US. The US

government paid for itsgovernment paid for its

mass production.mass production.

If not for this,If not for this,

thousands of peoplethousands of people

would die.would die.

A machine used toA machine used to

produce Penicillin.produce Penicillin.


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How Penicillin is usedHow Penicillin is used

In early days ofIn early days ofPenicillinPenicillin

therapy, thetherapy, thedrug wasdrug was

administered inadministered in

small dosessmall dosesevery threeevery three

hours.hours. Penicillin in a pill form.Penicillin in a pill form.


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What it curesWhat it curesPenicillin hasPenicillin has

been known tobeen known to

cure manycure many

diseases such asdiseases such asPneumonia,Pneumonia,

Scarlet Fever,Scarlet Fever,

Syphilis, Tetanus,Syphilis, Tetanus,and Gangrene.and Gangrene.

Pneumonia.Pneumonia.


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How it worksHow it works

Penicillin worksPenicillin worksby killingby killing

bacteria. To dobacteria. To do

this, it interferesthis, it interferes

with thewith the

bacterias abilitybacterias abilityto synthesizeto synthesize

the cell wall.the cell wall. Penicillum viewed through aPenicillum viewed through amicroscope.microscope.


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Forms of PenicillinForms of Penicillin

There are manyThere are manydifferent forms ofdifferent forms of

Penicillin, which allPenicillin, which all

come from the moldscome from the molds

of genus namedof genus named

Penicillum. PenicillinPenicillum. Penicillin

G, Penicillin V,G, Penicillin V,

Ampicillin, andAmpicillin, andAmoxicillin are theAmoxicillin are the

most commonly usedmost commonly used

forms of Penicillin.forms of Penicillin. Penicillin G.


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World War IIWorld War IIPenicillin wasPenicillin was

introduced to theintroduced to the

world just in timeworld just in time

for World War II.for World War II.It helped saveIt helped save

many lives duringmany lives during

the war, and hasthe war, and hasbeen greatlybeen greatly

appreciatedappreciated

since.since. An add for Penicillin, during WWII.


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Later LifeLater LifeHe married a nurse,He married a nurse,

and they had a sonand they had a sonnamed Robert, whonamed Robert, who

was born in 1924. Hiswas born in 1924. His

wife died in 1949. Hewife died in 1949. Hewas working withwas working with

Amalia CoutsourisAmalia Coutsouris

Voureka in aVoureka in a

laboratory, and theylaboratory, and they

married in 1953. Hemarried in 1953. He

later died at the age oflater died at the age of

74, on March 11, 1955.74, on March 11, 1955.


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Collected 25 Honorary DegreesCollected 25 Honorary Degrees 26 Medals26 Medals

18 Prized18 Prized

13 Decorations13 Decorations Was Knighted in 1944.Was Knighted in 1944.

Awards and RecognitionsAwards and Recognitions

Memberships in 87Memberships in 87

Scientific AcademiesScientific Academiesand Societiesand Societies

The Nobel PrizeThe Nobel Prize

with Howard Floreywith Howard Florey

and Ernst B. Chain forand Ernst B. Chain for

Physiology or MedicinePhysiology or Medicine

in 1945.in 1945.

Documents

Alexandar Flemming