An Introduction to Rail Service in the New York Metropolitan Region 纽约大都市地区轨道交通介绍

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An Introduction An Introduction to Rail Service in the to Rail Service in the

New York Metropolitan New York Metropolitan RegionRegion 纽约大都市地区轨道纽约大都市地区轨道

交通介绍交通介绍

Presented at the Presented at the Beijing Metro Planning and Development Beijing Metro Planning and Development

International ForumInternational ForumBeijing Hotel * Beijing, ChinaBeijing Hotel * Beijing, China

January 9, 2007January 9, 2007ByBy

Eva Lerner-LamEva Lerner-LamMember, Transportation Policy CommitteeMember, Transportation Policy CommitteeNew York State Governor’s Transition TeamNew York State Governor’s Transition Team

北京城市轨道交通北京城市轨道交通规划与建设国际研讨会规划与建设国际研讨会

中国中国——北京北京——北京饭店北京饭店20072007 年年 11 月月 99 日日

演讲者：演讲者：Eva Lerner-LamEva Lerner-Lam

交通策略委员会成员交通策略委员会成员纽约州长交通小组纽约州长交通小组

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The New York Metropolitan The New York Metropolitan Region Region 纽约大都市地区纽约大都市地区 Combined Combined

population 18.9 population 18.9 million million

总人口总人口 18901890 万万 3 States (NY-NJ-CT) 3 States (NY-NJ-CT)

33 个州（纽约个州（纽约 -- 新泽新泽西西 -- 康乃狄克）康乃狄克）

31 Counties 31 Counties

3131 个县个县 Regional Plan Association 2004

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Regional Rail Transit Service Regional Rail Transit Service ProvidersProviders

区域轨道交通运营公司区域轨道交通运营公司 Two major providers of regional rail serviceTwo major providers of regional rail service

区域轨道交通的两个主要运营公司区域轨道交通的两个主要运营公司– New York Metropolitan Transportation New York Metropolitan Transportation

Authority Authority

纽约大都会运输署纽约大都会运输署– New Jersey Transit CorporationNew Jersey Transit Corporation

新泽西公交公司新泽西公交公司

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New York Metropolitan Transportation New York Metropolitan Transportation AuthorityAuthority纽约大都会运输署纽约大都会运输署– 2006 operating budget2006 operating budget $9 billion $9 billion

20062006 年运营预算年运营预算 9090 亿美元亿美元– Average weekday ridershipAverage weekday ridership

工作日平均乘客人数工作日平均乘客人数 7,785,1757,785,175– Rail and subway carsRail and subway cars

铁路及地铁车辆数铁路及地铁车辆数 8,5908,590– Track miles Track miles 轨道总英里轨道总英里 (( 公里公里 ) ) 2,058 (3355 )2,058 (3355 )– Rail and subway stationsRail and subway stations

铁路及地铁车站数铁路及地铁车站数 734734


区域轨道交通运营公司区域轨道交通运营公司

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New Jersey Transit Corporation New Jersey Transit Corporation 新泽西公交公司新泽西公交公司– 2006 operating budget 2006 operating budget $1.4 $1.4

billionbillion20062006 年运营预算年运营预算 1414 亿美元亿美元

– Average weekday ridershipAverage weekday ridership工作日平均乘客人数工作日平均乘客人数 800,900800,900

– Rail and subway carsRail and subway cars铁路及地铁车辆数铁路及地铁车辆数 900900

– Track miles Track miles 轨道总英里轨道总英里 (( 公里公里 ) ) 536 (918)536 (918)– Rail and subway stationsRail and subway stations

铁路及地铁车站数铁路及地铁车站数 162162– Parking spaces at rail stationsParking spaces at rail stations

火车站停车位火车站停车位 54,63154,631



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New York Metropolitan Transportation New York Metropolitan Transportation Authority—SubwaysAuthority—Subways

纽约大都会运输署纽约大都会运输署——地铁地铁



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New York Metropolitan Transportation New York Metropolitan Transportation Authority—Metro North RailroadAuthority—Metro North Railroad纽约大都会运输署纽约大都会运输署——地铁北线地铁北线



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New York Metropolitan Transportation New York Metropolitan Transportation Authority—Long Island RailroadAuthority—Long Island Railroad纽约大都会运输署纽约大都会运输署——长岛线长岛线



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New Jersey New Jersey Transit Transit CorporationCorporation新泽西捷运公司新泽西捷运公司

– Commuter RailCommuter Rail通勤铁路通勤铁路



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New Jersey New Jersey Transit Transit CorporationCorporation新泽西捷运公司新泽西捷运公司

– Light RailLight Rail轻轨轻轨



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Major Regional Rail Major Regional Rail StationsStations区域通勤铁路主要车站区域通勤铁路主要车站

New York New York 纽约纽约– Grand Central Station Grand Central Station 中央车站中央车站– Penn StationPenn Station 宾州车站宾州车站– Port Authority Bus TerminalPort Authority Bus Terminal

港湾局公共汽车终点站港湾局公共汽车终点站 New JerseyNew Jersey 新泽西新泽西

– Newark Penn Station Newark Penn Station 纽瓦克宾州车站纽瓦克宾州车站– Hoboken Terminal Hoboken Terminal 霍波肯终点站霍波肯终点站– Secaucus Transfer Station SecaucusSecaucus Transfer Station Secaucus 换乘站换乘站

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Grand Central StationGrand Central Station中央车站中央车站

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Hoboken TerminalHoboken Terminal霍波肯终点站霍波肯终点站

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Regional Planning Regional Planning 区域规区域规划划

Two Official Metropolitan Planning Two Official Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOS)Organizations (MPOS)

两个大都市交通规划组织两个大都市交通规划组织 – NY Metropolitan Transportation Commission NY Metropolitan Transportation Commission

(NYMTC)(NYMTC) 纽约大都市交通委员会纽约大都市交通委员会– North Jersey Transportation Planning Authority North Jersey Transportation Planning Authority

(NJTPA)(NJTPA) 新泽西交通规划署新泽西交通规划署 Regional Plan Association (RPA)Regional Plan Association (RPA) 区域规划协会区域规划协会

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NY Regional Development NY Regional Development StrategyStrategy纽约区域发展战略计划纽约区域发展战略计划 Regional Transportation Plan (RTP)(RTP) 区域交通规划

– Three C’s: Continuing, Cooperative Continuing, Cooperative and Comprehensive 3and Comprehensive 3 个个 C ：

持续、协作、综合– Required for federal funding of Required for federal funding of

transport projects and operationstransport projects and operations

交通项目建设与运营需要申请联邦资助交通项目建设与运营需要申请联邦资助

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Vision for 2030* 2030 年展望– Employment will increase by 1 million jobs

(500,000 in NYC alone) 增加 1 百万就业机会（单纽约就有 50 万）– Sustainable transport infrastructure must

grow to support that potential 必须发展相应的可持续交通基础设施以达到目标

“Effective planning both anticipates and encourages the growth it seeks to handle.”** 需有效的规划来考虑和支持基础设施建设

*Elliott Spitzer, Governor of New York**Robert Yaro, Regional Plan Association

NY Regional Development NY Regional Development StrategyStrategy纽约区域发展战略计划纽约区域发展战略计划

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Transportation and Land Use Transportation and Land Use Development ChallengesDevelopment Challenges交通与土地利用开发面临的挑战交通与土地利用开发面临的挑战

1.1. Multiplicity of overlapping Multiplicity of overlapping jurisdictionsjurisdictions多个管辖结构职责的重叠多个管辖结构职责的重叠

2.2. Inadequate funding for needed Inadequate funding for needed capital improvements and capital improvements and operationsoperations

资产改善和运用资金不足资产改善和运用资金不足

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1.1. Multiplicity of jurisdictionsMultiplicity of jurisdictions存在多个管辖结构存在多个管辖结构

– Transit Operators Transit Operators 各个公交运营商各个公交运营商– Port Authority Port Authority 港区管委会港区管委会– States States 各个州各个州– Counties Counties 各个县各个县– Cities, Townships and BoroughsCities, Townships and Boroughs 市、镇、区市、镇、区

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2.2. Significant Funding ShortfallsSignificant Funding Shortfalls资金短缺问题严重资金短缺问题严重

– New York: $4.3 billion from 2007-2010New York: $4.3 billion from 2007-2010 纽约：纽约： 2007-20102007-2010 年间短缺年间短缺 4343 亿美金亿美金– New Jersey: $7.7 billion from 2006-2012New Jersey: $7.7 billion from 2006-2012 新泽西：新泽西： 2006-20122006-2012 年间短缺年间短缺 7777 亿美金亿美金– RPA recommends 5-year, $25 billion RPA recommends 5-year, $25 billion

capital budget for MTA, but sources of capital budget for MTA, but sources of funding are extremely limitedfunding are extremely limited

RPARPA 建议建议 MTAMTA 在在 55 年中需年中需 250250 亿美元的预算，但亿美元的预算，但资金的来源极为有限资金的来源极为有限

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Transportation Transportation SolutionsSolutions 交通解决方案交通解决方案

1. Focus on High-Priority Capital Projects1. Focus on High-Priority Capital Projects

集中精力和资金于需优先考虑的项目上集中精力和资金于需优先考虑的项目上– Mega-Projects Mega-Projects 特大项目特大项目– Access to the Region’s CoreAccess to the Region’s Core

联系区域核心的通道联系区域核心的通道2. Promote Transit-Oriented 2. Promote Transit-Oriented

Development (TOD) with “Transit Development (TOD) with “Transit Villages” Villages” 提倡以公交为先导的发展模式、提倡以公交为先导的发展模式、包含包含““公交社区公交社区””的理念的理念

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1. Focus on High-Priority Capital 1. Focus on High-Priority Capital ProjectsProjects

集中精力和资金于需优先考虑的项目上集中精力和资金于需优先考虑的项目上

Mega-Projects Mega-Projects 特大项目特大项目 (NYMTA)(NYMTA)– East Side Access East Side Access 东侧通道东侧通道– Second Avenue Subway Second Avenue Subway 第二大街地第二大街地

铁铁

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MTA Regional Commuter Rail SystemMTA Regional Commuter Rail System都会交通署区域通勤铁路系统都会交通署区域通勤铁路系统MTA Regional Commuter Rail SystemMTA Regional Commuter Rail System都会交通署区域通勤铁路系统都会交通署区域通勤铁路系统

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Mega-Project: Mega-Project: 特大项目特大项目 East Side AccessEast Side Access 东侧通道东侧通道Mega-Project: Mega-Project: 特大项目特大项目 East Side AccessEast Side Access 东侧通道东侧通道

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Phase 2 Phase 2 第第 22期期

Phase 3 Phase 3 第第 33 期期



Mega-Project:Mega-Project: 特大项目特大项目 Second Avenue SubwaySecond Avenue Subway 第二大街地第二大街地

铁铁

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Metrolink Metrolink （地铁系统相连（地铁系统相连接）接）

Future lines will Future lines will link Mega-projects link Mega-projects and enhance and enhance access for 4 of access for 4 of NYC’s 5 boroughsNYC’s 5 boroughs

未来的线路将连接未来的线路将连接现有的特大交通项目，现有的特大交通项目，进一步加强纽约一共进一步加强纽约一共55 区中区中 44 区的出入通区的出入通道道

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Access to the Region’s Core (ARC)Access to the Region’s Core (ARC)联系区域核心的通道联系区域核心的通道

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Leveraging Transit and Land Leveraging Transit and Land Use for Sustainability Use for Sustainability 综合平衡综合平衡考虑轨道交通和土地利用的可持续性考虑轨道交通和土地利用的可持续性

Must pay close attention to land use Must pay close attention to land use surrounding rail transit stations in order to: surrounding rail transit stations in order to:

需注重车站周边土地开发以达到以下目的：需注重车站周边土地开发以达到以下目的：– Increase transit ridershipIncrease transit ridership

增加客流量增加客流量– Improve commercial value for surrounding Improve commercial value for surrounding

businessbusiness

改善周边商机改善周边商机– Enhance the environmentEnhance the environment

改进周边环境改进周边环境

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2. Promote Transit-Oriented 2. Promote Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) Development (TOD) 提倡以公交为先提倡以公交为先导的发展开发模式导的发展开发模式

““ Transit Transit Villages”Villages” 公交社公交社区区

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2. Promote Transit-Oriented 2. Promote Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) in SuburbsDevelopment (TOD) in Suburbs提倡在郊区实施公交为先导的发展开发模式提倡在郊区实施公交为先导的发展开发模式

NJT “Transit Villages” ProgramNJT “Transit Villages” Program

新泽西“公交社区”项目新泽西“公交社区”项目– Encourages growth where public transit Encourages growth where public transit

already existsalready exists

鼓励已有公交社区的进一步发展鼓励已有公交社区的进一步发展– Reduces reliance on the automobileReduces reliance on the automobile

减少对私家车的过分依赖减少对私家车的过分依赖– Reduces traffic congestion and improves air Reduces traffic congestion and improves air

quality by increasing transit ridersquality by increasing transit riders

鼓励使用公共交通以减少交通拥塞和改善空气质量鼓励使用公共交通以减少交通拥塞和改善空气质量

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Relationship Between Rail Relationship Between Rail Development and Adjacent Land Development and Adjacent Land

UseUse铁路开发与附近土地利用之间的关系铁路开发与附近土地利用之间的关系

10 Principles 10 Principles ** 10 10 个原则个原则 ::1. Make It Better with a 1. Make It Better with a

Vision Vision 依靠具有远瞻性的依靠具有远瞻性的理念让发展更好理念让发展更好

2. Apply the Power of 2. Apply the Power of PartnershipsPartnerships

充分运用伙伴合作的力量充分运用伙伴合作的力量3. Think Development 3. Think Development

When Thinking about When Thinking about TransitTransit

考虑公交时同时考虑开发考虑公交时同时考虑开发*Urban Land Institute 2003 West Windsor Princeton Junction Station Area Plan

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Relationship between Rail Relationship between Rail Development and Adjacent Land Development and Adjacent Land


4.4. Get the Parking Get the Parking RightRight 停车场必须正确停车场必须正确设置设置

5.5. Build a Place, Not a Build a Place, Not a ProjectProject

创建一个社区，而不仅创建一个社区，而不仅是完成一个项目是完成一个项目

6.6. Make Retail Make Retail Development Development Market Driven, Not Market Driven, Not Transit DrivenTransit Driven

以零售开发以市场而不以零售开发以市场而不是以公交为驱动力是以公交为驱动力

New Jersey Transit-Rutgers

University

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Relationship Between Rail Relationship Between Rail Development and Adjacent Land Development and Adjacent Land


7.7. Mix Uses, but Not Mix Uses, but Not Necessarily in the Same Necessarily in the Same PlacePlace

用途多样化，但不一定在同一个用途多样化，但不一定在同一个位置位置

8.8. Make Buses a Great Idea Make Buses a Great Idea 使公共汽车乘用非常有吸引力使公共汽车乘用非常有吸引力9.9. Encourage Every Price Point Encourage Every Price Point

to Live around Transitto Live around Transit 鼓励在公交附近发展各层次居住鼓励在公交附近发展各层次居住10.10. Engage Corporate Attention Engage Corporate Attention 吸引企业的关注吸引企业的关注

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Relationship Between Land Use and Relationship Between Land Use and Trip Generation at Regional Rail Trip Generation at Regional Rail StationsStations区域铁路车站土地利用与交通量之间的关系区域铁路车站土地利用与交通量之间的关系

Land Use 土地利用 Peak高峰

Off-Peak非高峰

Low-Density Residential低密度住宅

X

High-Density Residential高密度住宅

X X

Commercial 商业 X

Retail and Entertainment零售与娱乐

X

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Observations Observations 观察思考观察思考 Economic development and transit Economic development and transit

ridership will continue to grow in the ridership will continue to grow in the NY metropolitan region, requiring NY metropolitan region, requiring additional rail transit capacityadditional rail transit capacity

纽约的经济和客流量将进一步增长，需发展纽约的经济和客流量将进一步增长，需发展更多的轨道交通设施更多的轨道交通设施

Performance of transit can be Performance of transit can be enhanced by focused efforts on land enhanced by focused efforts on land use planning at rail transit stationsuse planning at rail transit stations

交通效益可通过合理的土地开发规划来进一交通效益可通过合理的土地开发规划来进一步提升步提升

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Recommendations Recommendations 建议建议

1.1. Strong leadership to build 3 “C’s” processStrong leadership to build 3 “C’s” process 大力推进大力推进 3 “C’s”3 “C’s” （持续、协作、综合）（持续、协作、综合）2.2. Take a large-scale, regional view of travel Take a large-scale, regional view of travel

patterns as well as a small-scale, local patterns as well as a small-scale, local view of land use at rail transit stationsview of land use at rail transit stations

策略需兼顾大尺度的区域性出行模式、小至站策略需兼顾大尺度的区域性出行模式、小至站点周边土地开发点周边土地开发

3.3. Think in terms of “sustainability” and you Think in terms of “sustainability” and you will make the “right” decisionswill make the “right” decisions

以“可持续性”为准绳，做出“正确”的决策以“可持续性”为准绳，做出“正确”的决策

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Sources Sources 资料来源资料来源 New York Metropolitan Transportation AuthorityNew York Metropolitan Transportation Authority

纽约大都会运输署纽约大都会运输署 New Jersey Transit Corporation New Jersey Transit Corporation 新泽西公交公司新泽西公交公司 New Jersey Transportation Planning AuthorityNew Jersey Transportation Planning Authority

新泽西交通规划署新泽西交通规划署 New York Metropolitan Transportation CouncilNew York Metropolitan Transportation Council

纽约大都市交通委员会纽约大都市交通委员会 New York State Department of TransportationNew York State Department of Transportation

纽约州交通局纽约州交通局 New Jersey State Department of TransportationNew Jersey State Department of Transportation

新泽西州交通局新泽西州交通局 Port Authority of New York and New JerseyPort Authority of New York and New Jersey

纽约纽约 -- 新泽西港湾局新泽西港湾局 Regional Plan Association Regional Plan Association 区域规划协会区域规划协会

Documents

An Introduction to Rail Service in the New York Metropolitan Region 纽约大都市地区轨道交通介绍