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Ade Ismail Abdul Kodir drg
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The oral mucosa consists of three zones
masticatory mucosaThe gingiva and the covering of the hard palatespecialized mucosaThe dorsum of the tonguelining mucosaThe oral mucous membrane
lining the remainder of the oral cavity(covers all soft tissue of the oral cavity except the gingiva hard palate and the dorsal surface of the tongue)050323 5
050323 6
Describe the normal macroscopic features of the gingiva marginal attached and interdental papilagingivaDescribe the normal microscopic features of the gingival epithelium gingival connective tissueDiscuss the correlation of normal clinical and microscopic features
050323 7
Definisi Jaringan yang mengelilingi dan mendukung gigi
Secara AnatomiGingivaPeriodontal LigamentCementumTulang alveolar
050323 8
Cementum
Periodontalligament
Alveolar bone
Apical foramen
Pulp cavityEnamelDentin
Gingiva
Root canal
Alveolar vesselsamp nerves
050323 9
Part of the oral mucosa (masticatory) that covers
the alveolar processes of the jaws and surrounds the necks of the teeth
050323 10
050323 11
050323 12
050323 13
Terminal edge of the gingiva about 1 mm wide Forms the soft tissue wall of gingival sulcusIt is differentiated apically from the attached gingival by the free gingival grooveThe inner side of it forms the gingival sulcus050323 14
Is the shallow crevice or space around the tooth bounded by the surface of the tooth on one side and the epithelium lining the free margin of the gingiva on the other sideIt is V shaped and it permits the entrance of a periodontal probeThe clinical determination of the depth of the gingival sulcusis an important diagnostic parameterThe histologic depth of a sulcus does not need to be exactly equal to the depth of penetration of the probe The so-called probing depth of a clinically normal gingival sulcus in humans is less than 3 mm050323 15
050323 16
050323 17
The attached gingiva lies between the free gingival groove and the alveolar mucosaThe junction of the attached gingiva and the alveolar mucosa is called mucogingival junctionIn healthy mouth attached gingiva shows stippling (orange-peel appearance) which is a characteristic of this type of mucosaFirm resilient tightly bound to underlying periosteum of the alveolar boneWidth of attached gingiva varies on facial aspects
050323 18
050323 19
Interdental papillae are those parts of gingival tissue that appear in-between teeth apical to the contact pointsConfirming to the shape of the interproximal contact area is a valley like depression in the interdental papilla called Col shape depends on contact points between adjoining teeth
050323 20
050323 21
050323 22
DrSyed Sadatullah King Khalid University
Diagram of positional relation of col in Diagram of positional relation of col in health and disease for canine health and disease for canine premolar and molarpremolar and molar
Col accentuated during inflammation (arrows)
050323 23
Stratified squamous epitheliumoral or outer epitheliumsulcular epithelium andjunctional epitheliumepithelial attachment
050323 24
CT gingival connective tissueES enamel spaceJE junctional epitheliumOE oral epitheliumSE sulcular epithelium
050323 25
The oral or outer epithelium covers the crest and outer surface of the marginal gingiva and the surface of the attached gingivaIt is keratinized or para keratinized The prevalent surfaces however is parakeratinized Keratinization of the oral mucosa palate (most keratinized) gingiva tongue and cheek (least keratinized)
050323 26
The sulcular epithelium lines the gingival sulcus It is a thin nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium without rete pegs and extends from the coronal limit of the junctional epithelium to the crest of the gingival margin The sulcular epithelium is extremely important because it may act as a semipermeable membrane through which injurious bacterial products pass into the gingiva and through which tissue fluid from the gingiva seeps into the sulcus
050323 27
Junctional epithelium forms the seal of the gingival epithelium and the toothIt forms the floor of the gingival sulcus and extends apically to the enamel of the toothDisturbances of epithelial attachment results in deepening of the sulcus which is a sign of gingivalperiodontal disease
050323 28
The attachment of the junctional epithelium to the tooth is reinforced by the gingival fibers For this reason both are considered a functional unit dentogingival unitTheir functions
junctional epithelium is firmly attached to the tooth surface forming an epithelial barrier against plaque bacteriait allows access of gingival fluid inflammatory
cells and components of the immunologic host defense to the gingival marginjunctional epithelial cells exhibit rapid turnover
which contributes to the host-parasite equilibrium and rapid repair of damaged tissue
050323 29
It can be represented as either a transudate or an exudateIt is potential use as a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker of the biologic state of the periodontium in health and diseaseIt is contains components of connective tissue epithelium inflammatory cells serum and microbial flora inhabiting the gingival margin or the sulcus (pocket)In the healthy sulcus the amount of the gingival fluid is very small During inflammation however the gingival fluid flow increasesThe main route of the gingival fluid diffusion is through the basement membrane through the relatively wide intracellular spaces of the junctional epithelium and then into the sulcus050323 30
The functions arecleanse material from the sulcuscontain plasma proteins that may improve adhesion of the epithelium to the toothpossess antimicrobial propertiesexert antibody activity to defend the gingival
050323 31
There are functions To brace the marginal gingiva firmly against the toothTo provide the rigidity necessary to withstand the forces of mastication without being deflected away from the tooth surfaceTo unite the free marginal gingiva with the cementum of the root and the adjacent attached gingivaThe gingival fibers are arranged in three groups gingivodental circular and transseptal
050323 32
Supraperiosteal arterioles
Vessels of the periodontal ligament
Arterioles that emerge from the crest septa
050323 33
ColorSizeContourConsistencyPosition
CORRELATION OF CLINICAL CORRELATION OF CLINICAL AND MICROSCOPIC FEATURESAND MICROSCOPIC FEATURES
050323 34
Produced by Vascular supply Thicknessdegree of keratinization of epithelium Presence of pigment-containing cells
050323 35
1 Healthy gingiva in the person young
2 Healthy lightly pigmented gingivabullAG is stippledbullThis pigmentattion results from the synthesis of melanin by melanocytes located in the basal layer of the epithelium (brown spots)
3 Healthy deeply pigmented gingivabullRecession in the mandibular anterior areabullThe alveolar crest is located ca2mm apical to CEJ1
050323 36
Follows a scalloped outline on facial and lingual surfaces
050323 37
firm resilienttightly bound to underlying bone (except for marginal gingiva)
050323 38
ndash feature of healthy gingiva however may be absent in healthy gingiva
ndash Stipplingbull attached gingiva_yesbull marginal gingiva_nondash Less prominent in lingual aspects
050323 39
the outer surface of gingiva is covered with a thick layer of keratinised sratified squamous epithelium with finger like projections [rete pegs] into the dense collagen underneath the strong attacment of collagen to epithelium between the rete pegs causes the gingiva to have a stippled surface when it is normal and not inflamed
050323 40
Connective tissue that surrounds the root and connect it to the bone continuous with connective tissue of gingiva
050323 41
050323 42
Principle Fibers of the Periodontal LigamentAC - alveolar crest fibersH - horizontal fibersOBL - oblique fibersPA - periapical fibersIR - interradicular fibers
050323 43
050323 44
Tooth supportShock absorber Withstanding the forces of masticationSensory receptor necessary for proper positioning of the jawNutritive blood vessels provide the essential nutrients to the vitality of the PDL
050323 45
It is a hard avascular connective tissue that covers the roots of teeth
050323 46
Cementum is more resistant to resorption Important in permitting orthodontic tooth movement
050323 47
050323 48
050323 49
the portion of the maxilla and mandible that forms and suppor the tooth sockets It forms when tooth erupts and disappears gradually after tooth loss
050323 50
1 Alveolar bone or1048708Cribiform plate1048708Alveolar wall1048708Lamina dura
2 Trabecular bone3 Compact bone
050323 51
050323 52
Periapical Radiograph of Maxillary Posterior
Region AC - alveolar crest LD - lamina duraPDL - periodontal ligament050323 53
050323 54
Silabus PeriodontiPeter F Pedi
Essentials of PeriodonticsPhilip M Hoag
Clinical periodontologyCarranza
050323 2
050323 3
050323 4
The oral mucosa consists of three zones
masticatory mucosaThe gingiva and the covering of the hard palatespecialized mucosaThe dorsum of the tonguelining mucosaThe oral mucous membrane
lining the remainder of the oral cavity(covers all soft tissue of the oral cavity except the gingiva hard palate and the dorsal surface of the tongue)050323 5
050323 6
Describe the normal macroscopic features of the gingiva marginal attached and interdental papilagingivaDescribe the normal microscopic features of the gingival epithelium gingival connective tissueDiscuss the correlation of normal clinical and microscopic features
050323 7
Definisi Jaringan yang mengelilingi dan mendukung gigi
Secara AnatomiGingivaPeriodontal LigamentCementumTulang alveolar
050323 8
Cementum
Periodontalligament
Alveolar bone
Apical foramen
Pulp cavityEnamelDentin
Gingiva
Root canal
Alveolar vesselsamp nerves
050323 9
Part of the oral mucosa (masticatory) that covers
the alveolar processes of the jaws and surrounds the necks of the teeth
050323 10
050323 11
050323 12
050323 13
Terminal edge of the gingiva about 1 mm wide Forms the soft tissue wall of gingival sulcusIt is differentiated apically from the attached gingival by the free gingival grooveThe inner side of it forms the gingival sulcus050323 14
Is the shallow crevice or space around the tooth bounded by the surface of the tooth on one side and the epithelium lining the free margin of the gingiva on the other sideIt is V shaped and it permits the entrance of a periodontal probeThe clinical determination of the depth of the gingival sulcusis an important diagnostic parameterThe histologic depth of a sulcus does not need to be exactly equal to the depth of penetration of the probe The so-called probing depth of a clinically normal gingival sulcus in humans is less than 3 mm050323 15
050323 16
050323 17
The attached gingiva lies between the free gingival groove and the alveolar mucosaThe junction of the attached gingiva and the alveolar mucosa is called mucogingival junctionIn healthy mouth attached gingiva shows stippling (orange-peel appearance) which is a characteristic of this type of mucosaFirm resilient tightly bound to underlying periosteum of the alveolar boneWidth of attached gingiva varies on facial aspects
050323 18
050323 19
Interdental papillae are those parts of gingival tissue that appear in-between teeth apical to the contact pointsConfirming to the shape of the interproximal contact area is a valley like depression in the interdental papilla called Col shape depends on contact points between adjoining teeth
050323 20
050323 21
050323 22
DrSyed Sadatullah King Khalid University
Diagram of positional relation of col in Diagram of positional relation of col in health and disease for canine health and disease for canine premolar and molarpremolar and molar
Col accentuated during inflammation (arrows)
050323 23
Stratified squamous epitheliumoral or outer epitheliumsulcular epithelium andjunctional epitheliumepithelial attachment
050323 24
CT gingival connective tissueES enamel spaceJE junctional epitheliumOE oral epitheliumSE sulcular epithelium
050323 25
The oral or outer epithelium covers the crest and outer surface of the marginal gingiva and the surface of the attached gingivaIt is keratinized or para keratinized The prevalent surfaces however is parakeratinized Keratinization of the oral mucosa palate (most keratinized) gingiva tongue and cheek (least keratinized)
050323 26
The sulcular epithelium lines the gingival sulcus It is a thin nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium without rete pegs and extends from the coronal limit of the junctional epithelium to the crest of the gingival margin The sulcular epithelium is extremely important because it may act as a semipermeable membrane through which injurious bacterial products pass into the gingiva and through which tissue fluid from the gingiva seeps into the sulcus
050323 27
Junctional epithelium forms the seal of the gingival epithelium and the toothIt forms the floor of the gingival sulcus and extends apically to the enamel of the toothDisturbances of epithelial attachment results in deepening of the sulcus which is a sign of gingivalperiodontal disease
050323 28
The attachment of the junctional epithelium to the tooth is reinforced by the gingival fibers For this reason both are considered a functional unit dentogingival unitTheir functions
junctional epithelium is firmly attached to the tooth surface forming an epithelial barrier against plaque bacteriait allows access of gingival fluid inflammatory
cells and components of the immunologic host defense to the gingival marginjunctional epithelial cells exhibit rapid turnover
which contributes to the host-parasite equilibrium and rapid repair of damaged tissue
050323 29
It can be represented as either a transudate or an exudateIt is potential use as a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker of the biologic state of the periodontium in health and diseaseIt is contains components of connective tissue epithelium inflammatory cells serum and microbial flora inhabiting the gingival margin or the sulcus (pocket)In the healthy sulcus the amount of the gingival fluid is very small During inflammation however the gingival fluid flow increasesThe main route of the gingival fluid diffusion is through the basement membrane through the relatively wide intracellular spaces of the junctional epithelium and then into the sulcus050323 30
The functions arecleanse material from the sulcuscontain plasma proteins that may improve adhesion of the epithelium to the toothpossess antimicrobial propertiesexert antibody activity to defend the gingival
050323 31
There are functions To brace the marginal gingiva firmly against the toothTo provide the rigidity necessary to withstand the forces of mastication without being deflected away from the tooth surfaceTo unite the free marginal gingiva with the cementum of the root and the adjacent attached gingivaThe gingival fibers are arranged in three groups gingivodental circular and transseptal
050323 32
Supraperiosteal arterioles
Vessels of the periodontal ligament
Arterioles that emerge from the crest septa
050323 33
ColorSizeContourConsistencyPosition
CORRELATION OF CLINICAL CORRELATION OF CLINICAL AND MICROSCOPIC FEATURESAND MICROSCOPIC FEATURES
050323 34
Produced by Vascular supply Thicknessdegree of keratinization of epithelium Presence of pigment-containing cells
050323 35
1 Healthy gingiva in the person young
2 Healthy lightly pigmented gingivabullAG is stippledbullThis pigmentattion results from the synthesis of melanin by melanocytes located in the basal layer of the epithelium (brown spots)
3 Healthy deeply pigmented gingivabullRecession in the mandibular anterior areabullThe alveolar crest is located ca2mm apical to CEJ1
050323 36
Follows a scalloped outline on facial and lingual surfaces
050323 37
firm resilienttightly bound to underlying bone (except for marginal gingiva)
050323 38
ndash feature of healthy gingiva however may be absent in healthy gingiva
ndash Stipplingbull attached gingiva_yesbull marginal gingiva_nondash Less prominent in lingual aspects
050323 39
the outer surface of gingiva is covered with a thick layer of keratinised sratified squamous epithelium with finger like projections [rete pegs] into the dense collagen underneath the strong attacment of collagen to epithelium between the rete pegs causes the gingiva to have a stippled surface when it is normal and not inflamed
050323 40
Connective tissue that surrounds the root and connect it to the bone continuous with connective tissue of gingiva
050323 41
050323 42
Principle Fibers of the Periodontal LigamentAC - alveolar crest fibersH - horizontal fibersOBL - oblique fibersPA - periapical fibersIR - interradicular fibers
050323 43
050323 44
Tooth supportShock absorber Withstanding the forces of masticationSensory receptor necessary for proper positioning of the jawNutritive blood vessels provide the essential nutrients to the vitality of the PDL
050323 45
It is a hard avascular connective tissue that covers the roots of teeth
050323 46
Cementum is more resistant to resorption Important in permitting orthodontic tooth movement
050323 47
050323 48
050323 49
the portion of the maxilla and mandible that forms and suppor the tooth sockets It forms when tooth erupts and disappears gradually after tooth loss
050323 50
1 Alveolar bone or1048708Cribiform plate1048708Alveolar wall1048708Lamina dura
2 Trabecular bone3 Compact bone
050323 51
050323 52
Periapical Radiograph of Maxillary Posterior
Region AC - alveolar crest LD - lamina duraPDL - periodontal ligament050323 53
050323 54
Silabus PeriodontiPeter F Pedi
Essentials of PeriodonticsPhilip M Hoag
Clinical periodontologyCarranza
050323 3
050323 4
The oral mucosa consists of three zones
masticatory mucosaThe gingiva and the covering of the hard palatespecialized mucosaThe dorsum of the tonguelining mucosaThe oral mucous membrane
lining the remainder of the oral cavity(covers all soft tissue of the oral cavity except the gingiva hard palate and the dorsal surface of the tongue)050323 5
050323 6
Describe the normal macroscopic features of the gingiva marginal attached and interdental papilagingivaDescribe the normal microscopic features of the gingival epithelium gingival connective tissueDiscuss the correlation of normal clinical and microscopic features
050323 7
Definisi Jaringan yang mengelilingi dan mendukung gigi
Secara AnatomiGingivaPeriodontal LigamentCementumTulang alveolar
050323 8
Cementum
Periodontalligament
Alveolar bone
Apical foramen
Pulp cavityEnamelDentin
Gingiva
Root canal
Alveolar vesselsamp nerves
050323 9
Part of the oral mucosa (masticatory) that covers
the alveolar processes of the jaws and surrounds the necks of the teeth
050323 10
050323 11
050323 12
050323 13
Terminal edge of the gingiva about 1 mm wide Forms the soft tissue wall of gingival sulcusIt is differentiated apically from the attached gingival by the free gingival grooveThe inner side of it forms the gingival sulcus050323 14
Is the shallow crevice or space around the tooth bounded by the surface of the tooth on one side and the epithelium lining the free margin of the gingiva on the other sideIt is V shaped and it permits the entrance of a periodontal probeThe clinical determination of the depth of the gingival sulcusis an important diagnostic parameterThe histologic depth of a sulcus does not need to be exactly equal to the depth of penetration of the probe The so-called probing depth of a clinically normal gingival sulcus in humans is less than 3 mm050323 15
050323 16
050323 17
The attached gingiva lies between the free gingival groove and the alveolar mucosaThe junction of the attached gingiva and the alveolar mucosa is called mucogingival junctionIn healthy mouth attached gingiva shows stippling (orange-peel appearance) which is a characteristic of this type of mucosaFirm resilient tightly bound to underlying periosteum of the alveolar boneWidth of attached gingiva varies on facial aspects
050323 18
050323 19
Interdental papillae are those parts of gingival tissue that appear in-between teeth apical to the contact pointsConfirming to the shape of the interproximal contact area is a valley like depression in the interdental papilla called Col shape depends on contact points between adjoining teeth
050323 20
050323 21
050323 22
DrSyed Sadatullah King Khalid University
Diagram of positional relation of col in Diagram of positional relation of col in health and disease for canine health and disease for canine premolar and molarpremolar and molar
Col accentuated during inflammation (arrows)
050323 23
Stratified squamous epitheliumoral or outer epitheliumsulcular epithelium andjunctional epitheliumepithelial attachment
050323 24
CT gingival connective tissueES enamel spaceJE junctional epitheliumOE oral epitheliumSE sulcular epithelium
050323 25
The oral or outer epithelium covers the crest and outer surface of the marginal gingiva and the surface of the attached gingivaIt is keratinized or para keratinized The prevalent surfaces however is parakeratinized Keratinization of the oral mucosa palate (most keratinized) gingiva tongue and cheek (least keratinized)
050323 26
The sulcular epithelium lines the gingival sulcus It is a thin nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium without rete pegs and extends from the coronal limit of the junctional epithelium to the crest of the gingival margin The sulcular epithelium is extremely important because it may act as a semipermeable membrane through which injurious bacterial products pass into the gingiva and through which tissue fluid from the gingiva seeps into the sulcus
050323 27
Junctional epithelium forms the seal of the gingival epithelium and the toothIt forms the floor of the gingival sulcus and extends apically to the enamel of the toothDisturbances of epithelial attachment results in deepening of the sulcus which is a sign of gingivalperiodontal disease
050323 28
The attachment of the junctional epithelium to the tooth is reinforced by the gingival fibers For this reason both are considered a functional unit dentogingival unitTheir functions
junctional epithelium is firmly attached to the tooth surface forming an epithelial barrier against plaque bacteriait allows access of gingival fluid inflammatory
cells and components of the immunologic host defense to the gingival marginjunctional epithelial cells exhibit rapid turnover
which contributes to the host-parasite equilibrium and rapid repair of damaged tissue
050323 29
It can be represented as either a transudate or an exudateIt is potential use as a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker of the biologic state of the periodontium in health and diseaseIt is contains components of connective tissue epithelium inflammatory cells serum and microbial flora inhabiting the gingival margin or the sulcus (pocket)In the healthy sulcus the amount of the gingival fluid is very small During inflammation however the gingival fluid flow increasesThe main route of the gingival fluid diffusion is through the basement membrane through the relatively wide intracellular spaces of the junctional epithelium and then into the sulcus050323 30
The functions arecleanse material from the sulcuscontain plasma proteins that may improve adhesion of the epithelium to the toothpossess antimicrobial propertiesexert antibody activity to defend the gingival
050323 31
There are functions To brace the marginal gingiva firmly against the toothTo provide the rigidity necessary to withstand the forces of mastication without being deflected away from the tooth surfaceTo unite the free marginal gingiva with the cementum of the root and the adjacent attached gingivaThe gingival fibers are arranged in three groups gingivodental circular and transseptal
050323 32
Supraperiosteal arterioles
Vessels of the periodontal ligament
Arterioles that emerge from the crest septa
050323 33
ColorSizeContourConsistencyPosition
CORRELATION OF CLINICAL CORRELATION OF CLINICAL AND MICROSCOPIC FEATURESAND MICROSCOPIC FEATURES
050323 34
Produced by Vascular supply Thicknessdegree of keratinization of epithelium Presence of pigment-containing cells
050323 35
1 Healthy gingiva in the person young
2 Healthy lightly pigmented gingivabullAG is stippledbullThis pigmentattion results from the synthesis of melanin by melanocytes located in the basal layer of the epithelium (brown spots)
3 Healthy deeply pigmented gingivabullRecession in the mandibular anterior areabullThe alveolar crest is located ca2mm apical to CEJ1
050323 36
Follows a scalloped outline on facial and lingual surfaces
050323 37
firm resilienttightly bound to underlying bone (except for marginal gingiva)
050323 38
ndash feature of healthy gingiva however may be absent in healthy gingiva
ndash Stipplingbull attached gingiva_yesbull marginal gingiva_nondash Less prominent in lingual aspects
050323 39
the outer surface of gingiva is covered with a thick layer of keratinised sratified squamous epithelium with finger like projections [rete pegs] into the dense collagen underneath the strong attacment of collagen to epithelium between the rete pegs causes the gingiva to have a stippled surface when it is normal and not inflamed
050323 40
Connective tissue that surrounds the root and connect it to the bone continuous with connective tissue of gingiva
050323 41
050323 42
Principle Fibers of the Periodontal LigamentAC - alveolar crest fibersH - horizontal fibersOBL - oblique fibersPA - periapical fibersIR - interradicular fibers
050323 43
050323 44
Tooth supportShock absorber Withstanding the forces of masticationSensory receptor necessary for proper positioning of the jawNutritive blood vessels provide the essential nutrients to the vitality of the PDL
050323 45
It is a hard avascular connective tissue that covers the roots of teeth
050323 46
Cementum is more resistant to resorption Important in permitting orthodontic tooth movement
050323 47
050323 48
050323 49
the portion of the maxilla and mandible that forms and suppor the tooth sockets It forms when tooth erupts and disappears gradually after tooth loss
050323 50
1 Alveolar bone or1048708Cribiform plate1048708Alveolar wall1048708Lamina dura
2 Trabecular bone3 Compact bone
050323 51
050323 52
Periapical Radiograph of Maxillary Posterior
Region AC - alveolar crest LD - lamina duraPDL - periodontal ligament050323 53
050323 54
Silabus PeriodontiPeter F Pedi
Essentials of PeriodonticsPhilip M Hoag
Clinical periodontologyCarranza
050323 4
The oral mucosa consists of three zones
masticatory mucosaThe gingiva and the covering of the hard palatespecialized mucosaThe dorsum of the tonguelining mucosaThe oral mucous membrane
lining the remainder of the oral cavity(covers all soft tissue of the oral cavity except the gingiva hard palate and the dorsal surface of the tongue)050323 5
050323 6
Describe the normal macroscopic features of the gingiva marginal attached and interdental papilagingivaDescribe the normal microscopic features of the gingival epithelium gingival connective tissueDiscuss the correlation of normal clinical and microscopic features
050323 7
Definisi Jaringan yang mengelilingi dan mendukung gigi
Secara AnatomiGingivaPeriodontal LigamentCementumTulang alveolar
050323 8
Cementum
Periodontalligament
Alveolar bone
Apical foramen
Pulp cavityEnamelDentin
Gingiva
Root canal
Alveolar vesselsamp nerves
050323 9
Part of the oral mucosa (masticatory) that covers
the alveolar processes of the jaws and surrounds the necks of the teeth
050323 10
050323 11
050323 12
050323 13
Terminal edge of the gingiva about 1 mm wide Forms the soft tissue wall of gingival sulcusIt is differentiated apically from the attached gingival by the free gingival grooveThe inner side of it forms the gingival sulcus050323 14
Is the shallow crevice or space around the tooth bounded by the surface of the tooth on one side and the epithelium lining the free margin of the gingiva on the other sideIt is V shaped and it permits the entrance of a periodontal probeThe clinical determination of the depth of the gingival sulcusis an important diagnostic parameterThe histologic depth of a sulcus does not need to be exactly equal to the depth of penetration of the probe The so-called probing depth of a clinically normal gingival sulcus in humans is less than 3 mm050323 15
050323 16
050323 17
The attached gingiva lies between the free gingival groove and the alveolar mucosaThe junction of the attached gingiva and the alveolar mucosa is called mucogingival junctionIn healthy mouth attached gingiva shows stippling (orange-peel appearance) which is a characteristic of this type of mucosaFirm resilient tightly bound to underlying periosteum of the alveolar boneWidth of attached gingiva varies on facial aspects
050323 18
050323 19
Interdental papillae are those parts of gingival tissue that appear in-between teeth apical to the contact pointsConfirming to the shape of the interproximal contact area is a valley like depression in the interdental papilla called Col shape depends on contact points between adjoining teeth
050323 20
050323 21
050323 22
DrSyed Sadatullah King Khalid University
Diagram of positional relation of col in Diagram of positional relation of col in health and disease for canine health and disease for canine premolar and molarpremolar and molar
Col accentuated during inflammation (arrows)
050323 23
Stratified squamous epitheliumoral or outer epitheliumsulcular epithelium andjunctional epitheliumepithelial attachment
050323 24
CT gingival connective tissueES enamel spaceJE junctional epitheliumOE oral epitheliumSE sulcular epithelium
050323 25
The oral or outer epithelium covers the crest and outer surface of the marginal gingiva and the surface of the attached gingivaIt is keratinized or para keratinized The prevalent surfaces however is parakeratinized Keratinization of the oral mucosa palate (most keratinized) gingiva tongue and cheek (least keratinized)
050323 26
The sulcular epithelium lines the gingival sulcus It is a thin nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium without rete pegs and extends from the coronal limit of the junctional epithelium to the crest of the gingival margin The sulcular epithelium is extremely important because it may act as a semipermeable membrane through which injurious bacterial products pass into the gingiva and through which tissue fluid from the gingiva seeps into the sulcus
050323 27
Junctional epithelium forms the seal of the gingival epithelium and the toothIt forms the floor of the gingival sulcus and extends apically to the enamel of the toothDisturbances of epithelial attachment results in deepening of the sulcus which is a sign of gingivalperiodontal disease
050323 28
The attachment of the junctional epithelium to the tooth is reinforced by the gingival fibers For this reason both are considered a functional unit dentogingival unitTheir functions
junctional epithelium is firmly attached to the tooth surface forming an epithelial barrier against plaque bacteriait allows access of gingival fluid inflammatory
cells and components of the immunologic host defense to the gingival marginjunctional epithelial cells exhibit rapid turnover
which contributes to the host-parasite equilibrium and rapid repair of damaged tissue
050323 29
It can be represented as either a transudate or an exudateIt is potential use as a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker of the biologic state of the periodontium in health and diseaseIt is contains components of connective tissue epithelium inflammatory cells serum and microbial flora inhabiting the gingival margin or the sulcus (pocket)In the healthy sulcus the amount of the gingival fluid is very small During inflammation however the gingival fluid flow increasesThe main route of the gingival fluid diffusion is through the basement membrane through the relatively wide intracellular spaces of the junctional epithelium and then into the sulcus050323 30
The functions arecleanse material from the sulcuscontain plasma proteins that may improve adhesion of the epithelium to the toothpossess antimicrobial propertiesexert antibody activity to defend the gingival
050323 31
There are functions To brace the marginal gingiva firmly against the toothTo provide the rigidity necessary to withstand the forces of mastication without being deflected away from the tooth surfaceTo unite the free marginal gingiva with the cementum of the root and the adjacent attached gingivaThe gingival fibers are arranged in three groups gingivodental circular and transseptal
050323 32
Supraperiosteal arterioles
Vessels of the periodontal ligament
Arterioles that emerge from the crest septa
050323 33
ColorSizeContourConsistencyPosition
CORRELATION OF CLINICAL CORRELATION OF CLINICAL AND MICROSCOPIC FEATURESAND MICROSCOPIC FEATURES
050323 34
Produced by Vascular supply Thicknessdegree of keratinization of epithelium Presence of pigment-containing cells
050323 35
1 Healthy gingiva in the person young
2 Healthy lightly pigmented gingivabullAG is stippledbullThis pigmentattion results from the synthesis of melanin by melanocytes located in the basal layer of the epithelium (brown spots)
3 Healthy deeply pigmented gingivabullRecession in the mandibular anterior areabullThe alveolar crest is located ca2mm apical to CEJ1
050323 36
Follows a scalloped outline on facial and lingual surfaces
050323 37
firm resilienttightly bound to underlying bone (except for marginal gingiva)
050323 38
ndash feature of healthy gingiva however may be absent in healthy gingiva
ndash Stipplingbull attached gingiva_yesbull marginal gingiva_nondash Less prominent in lingual aspects
050323 39
the outer surface of gingiva is covered with a thick layer of keratinised sratified squamous epithelium with finger like projections [rete pegs] into the dense collagen underneath the strong attacment of collagen to epithelium between the rete pegs causes the gingiva to have a stippled surface when it is normal and not inflamed
050323 40
Connective tissue that surrounds the root and connect it to the bone continuous with connective tissue of gingiva
050323 41
050323 42
Principle Fibers of the Periodontal LigamentAC - alveolar crest fibersH - horizontal fibersOBL - oblique fibersPA - periapical fibersIR - interradicular fibers
050323 43
050323 44
Tooth supportShock absorber Withstanding the forces of masticationSensory receptor necessary for proper positioning of the jawNutritive blood vessels provide the essential nutrients to the vitality of the PDL
050323 45
It is a hard avascular connective tissue that covers the roots of teeth
050323 46
Cementum is more resistant to resorption Important in permitting orthodontic tooth movement
050323 47
050323 48
050323 49
the portion of the maxilla and mandible that forms and suppor the tooth sockets It forms when tooth erupts and disappears gradually after tooth loss
050323 50
1 Alveolar bone or1048708Cribiform plate1048708Alveolar wall1048708Lamina dura
2 Trabecular bone3 Compact bone
050323 51
050323 52
Periapical Radiograph of Maxillary Posterior
Region AC - alveolar crest LD - lamina duraPDL - periodontal ligament050323 53
050323 54
Silabus PeriodontiPeter F Pedi
Essentials of PeriodonticsPhilip M Hoag
Clinical periodontologyCarranza
The oral mucosa consists of three zones
masticatory mucosaThe gingiva and the covering of the hard palatespecialized mucosaThe dorsum of the tonguelining mucosaThe oral mucous membrane
lining the remainder of the oral cavity(covers all soft tissue of the oral cavity except the gingiva hard palate and the dorsal surface of the tongue)050323 5
050323 6
Describe the normal macroscopic features of the gingiva marginal attached and interdental papilagingivaDescribe the normal microscopic features of the gingival epithelium gingival connective tissueDiscuss the correlation of normal clinical and microscopic features
050323 7
Definisi Jaringan yang mengelilingi dan mendukung gigi
Secara AnatomiGingivaPeriodontal LigamentCementumTulang alveolar
050323 8
Cementum
Periodontalligament
Alveolar bone
Apical foramen
Pulp cavityEnamelDentin
Gingiva
Root canal
Alveolar vesselsamp nerves
050323 9
Part of the oral mucosa (masticatory) that covers
the alveolar processes of the jaws and surrounds the necks of the teeth
050323 10
050323 11
050323 12
050323 13
Terminal edge of the gingiva about 1 mm wide Forms the soft tissue wall of gingival sulcusIt is differentiated apically from the attached gingival by the free gingival grooveThe inner side of it forms the gingival sulcus050323 14
Is the shallow crevice or space around the tooth bounded by the surface of the tooth on one side and the epithelium lining the free margin of the gingiva on the other sideIt is V shaped and it permits the entrance of a periodontal probeThe clinical determination of the depth of the gingival sulcusis an important diagnostic parameterThe histologic depth of a sulcus does not need to be exactly equal to the depth of penetration of the probe The so-called probing depth of a clinically normal gingival sulcus in humans is less than 3 mm050323 15
050323 16
050323 17
The attached gingiva lies between the free gingival groove and the alveolar mucosaThe junction of the attached gingiva and the alveolar mucosa is called mucogingival junctionIn healthy mouth attached gingiva shows stippling (orange-peel appearance) which is a characteristic of this type of mucosaFirm resilient tightly bound to underlying periosteum of the alveolar boneWidth of attached gingiva varies on facial aspects
050323 18
050323 19
Interdental papillae are those parts of gingival tissue that appear in-between teeth apical to the contact pointsConfirming to the shape of the interproximal contact area is a valley like depression in the interdental papilla called Col shape depends on contact points between adjoining teeth
050323 20
050323 21
050323 22
DrSyed Sadatullah King Khalid University
Diagram of positional relation of col in Diagram of positional relation of col in health and disease for canine health and disease for canine premolar and molarpremolar and molar
Col accentuated during inflammation (arrows)
050323 23
Stratified squamous epitheliumoral or outer epitheliumsulcular epithelium andjunctional epitheliumepithelial attachment
050323 24
CT gingival connective tissueES enamel spaceJE junctional epitheliumOE oral epitheliumSE sulcular epithelium
050323 25
The oral or outer epithelium covers the crest and outer surface of the marginal gingiva and the surface of the attached gingivaIt is keratinized or para keratinized The prevalent surfaces however is parakeratinized Keratinization of the oral mucosa palate (most keratinized) gingiva tongue and cheek (least keratinized)
050323 26
The sulcular epithelium lines the gingival sulcus It is a thin nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium without rete pegs and extends from the coronal limit of the junctional epithelium to the crest of the gingival margin The sulcular epithelium is extremely important because it may act as a semipermeable membrane through which injurious bacterial products pass into the gingiva and through which tissue fluid from the gingiva seeps into the sulcus
050323 27
Junctional epithelium forms the seal of the gingival epithelium and the toothIt forms the floor of the gingival sulcus and extends apically to the enamel of the toothDisturbances of epithelial attachment results in deepening of the sulcus which is a sign of gingivalperiodontal disease
050323 28
The attachment of the junctional epithelium to the tooth is reinforced by the gingival fibers For this reason both are considered a functional unit dentogingival unitTheir functions
junctional epithelium is firmly attached to the tooth surface forming an epithelial barrier against plaque bacteriait allows access of gingival fluid inflammatory
cells and components of the immunologic host defense to the gingival marginjunctional epithelial cells exhibit rapid turnover
which contributes to the host-parasite equilibrium and rapid repair of damaged tissue
050323 29
It can be represented as either a transudate or an exudateIt is potential use as a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker of the biologic state of the periodontium in health and diseaseIt is contains components of connective tissue epithelium inflammatory cells serum and microbial flora inhabiting the gingival margin or the sulcus (pocket)In the healthy sulcus the amount of the gingival fluid is very small During inflammation however the gingival fluid flow increasesThe main route of the gingival fluid diffusion is through the basement membrane through the relatively wide intracellular spaces of the junctional epithelium and then into the sulcus050323 30
The functions arecleanse material from the sulcuscontain plasma proteins that may improve adhesion of the epithelium to the toothpossess antimicrobial propertiesexert antibody activity to defend the gingival
050323 31
There are functions To brace the marginal gingiva firmly against the toothTo provide the rigidity necessary to withstand the forces of mastication without being deflected away from the tooth surfaceTo unite the free marginal gingiva with the cementum of the root and the adjacent attached gingivaThe gingival fibers are arranged in three groups gingivodental circular and transseptal
050323 32
Supraperiosteal arterioles
Vessels of the periodontal ligament
Arterioles that emerge from the crest septa
050323 33
ColorSizeContourConsistencyPosition
CORRELATION OF CLINICAL CORRELATION OF CLINICAL AND MICROSCOPIC FEATURESAND MICROSCOPIC FEATURES
050323 34
Produced by Vascular supply Thicknessdegree of keratinization of epithelium Presence of pigment-containing cells
050323 35
1 Healthy gingiva in the person young
2 Healthy lightly pigmented gingivabullAG is stippledbullThis pigmentattion results from the synthesis of melanin by melanocytes located in the basal layer of the epithelium (brown spots)
3 Healthy deeply pigmented gingivabullRecession in the mandibular anterior areabullThe alveolar crest is located ca2mm apical to CEJ1
050323 36
Follows a scalloped outline on facial and lingual surfaces
050323 37
firm resilienttightly bound to underlying bone (except for marginal gingiva)
050323 38
ndash feature of healthy gingiva however may be absent in healthy gingiva
ndash Stipplingbull attached gingiva_yesbull marginal gingiva_nondash Less prominent in lingual aspects
050323 39
the outer surface of gingiva is covered with a thick layer of keratinised sratified squamous epithelium with finger like projections [rete pegs] into the dense collagen underneath the strong attacment of collagen to epithelium between the rete pegs causes the gingiva to have a stippled surface when it is normal and not inflamed
050323 40
Connective tissue that surrounds the root and connect it to the bone continuous with connective tissue of gingiva
050323 41
050323 42
Principle Fibers of the Periodontal LigamentAC - alveolar crest fibersH - horizontal fibersOBL - oblique fibersPA - periapical fibersIR - interradicular fibers
050323 43
050323 44
Tooth supportShock absorber Withstanding the forces of masticationSensory receptor necessary for proper positioning of the jawNutritive blood vessels provide the essential nutrients to the vitality of the PDL
050323 45
It is a hard avascular connective tissue that covers the roots of teeth
050323 46
Cementum is more resistant to resorption Important in permitting orthodontic tooth movement
050323 47
050323 48
050323 49
the portion of the maxilla and mandible that forms and suppor the tooth sockets It forms when tooth erupts and disappears gradually after tooth loss
050323 50
1 Alveolar bone or1048708Cribiform plate1048708Alveolar wall1048708Lamina dura
2 Trabecular bone3 Compact bone
050323 51
050323 52
Periapical Radiograph of Maxillary Posterior
Region AC - alveolar crest LD - lamina duraPDL - periodontal ligament050323 53
050323 54
Silabus PeriodontiPeter F Pedi
Essentials of PeriodonticsPhilip M Hoag
Clinical periodontologyCarranza
050323 6
Describe the normal macroscopic features of the gingiva marginal attached and interdental papilagingivaDescribe the normal microscopic features of the gingival epithelium gingival connective tissueDiscuss the correlation of normal clinical and microscopic features
050323 7
Definisi Jaringan yang mengelilingi dan mendukung gigi
Secara AnatomiGingivaPeriodontal LigamentCementumTulang alveolar
050323 8
Cementum
Periodontalligament
Alveolar bone
Apical foramen
Pulp cavityEnamelDentin
Gingiva
Root canal
Alveolar vesselsamp nerves
050323 9
Part of the oral mucosa (masticatory) that covers
the alveolar processes of the jaws and surrounds the necks of the teeth
050323 10
050323 11
050323 12
050323 13
Terminal edge of the gingiva about 1 mm wide Forms the soft tissue wall of gingival sulcusIt is differentiated apically from the attached gingival by the free gingival grooveThe inner side of it forms the gingival sulcus050323 14
Is the shallow crevice or space around the tooth bounded by the surface of the tooth on one side and the epithelium lining the free margin of the gingiva on the other sideIt is V shaped and it permits the entrance of a periodontal probeThe clinical determination of the depth of the gingival sulcusis an important diagnostic parameterThe histologic depth of a sulcus does not need to be exactly equal to the depth of penetration of the probe The so-called probing depth of a clinically normal gingival sulcus in humans is less than 3 mm050323 15
050323 16
050323 17
The attached gingiva lies between the free gingival groove and the alveolar mucosaThe junction of the attached gingiva and the alveolar mucosa is called mucogingival junctionIn healthy mouth attached gingiva shows stippling (orange-peel appearance) which is a characteristic of this type of mucosaFirm resilient tightly bound to underlying periosteum of the alveolar boneWidth of attached gingiva varies on facial aspects
050323 18
050323 19
Interdental papillae are those parts of gingival tissue that appear in-between teeth apical to the contact pointsConfirming to the shape of the interproximal contact area is a valley like depression in the interdental papilla called Col shape depends on contact points between adjoining teeth
050323 20
050323 21
050323 22
DrSyed Sadatullah King Khalid University
Diagram of positional relation of col in Diagram of positional relation of col in health and disease for canine health and disease for canine premolar and molarpremolar and molar
Col accentuated during inflammation (arrows)
050323 23
Stratified squamous epitheliumoral or outer epitheliumsulcular epithelium andjunctional epitheliumepithelial attachment
050323 24
CT gingival connective tissueES enamel spaceJE junctional epitheliumOE oral epitheliumSE sulcular epithelium
050323 25
The oral or outer epithelium covers the crest and outer surface of the marginal gingiva and the surface of the attached gingivaIt is keratinized or para keratinized The prevalent surfaces however is parakeratinized Keratinization of the oral mucosa palate (most keratinized) gingiva tongue and cheek (least keratinized)
050323 26
The sulcular epithelium lines the gingival sulcus It is a thin nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium without rete pegs and extends from the coronal limit of the junctional epithelium to the crest of the gingival margin The sulcular epithelium is extremely important because it may act as a semipermeable membrane through which injurious bacterial products pass into the gingiva and through which tissue fluid from the gingiva seeps into the sulcus
050323 27
Junctional epithelium forms the seal of the gingival epithelium and the toothIt forms the floor of the gingival sulcus and extends apically to the enamel of the toothDisturbances of epithelial attachment results in deepening of the sulcus which is a sign of gingivalperiodontal disease
050323 28
The attachment of the junctional epithelium to the tooth is reinforced by the gingival fibers For this reason both are considered a functional unit dentogingival unitTheir functions
junctional epithelium is firmly attached to the tooth surface forming an epithelial barrier against plaque bacteriait allows access of gingival fluid inflammatory
cells and components of the immunologic host defense to the gingival marginjunctional epithelial cells exhibit rapid turnover
which contributes to the host-parasite equilibrium and rapid repair of damaged tissue
050323 29
It can be represented as either a transudate or an exudateIt is potential use as a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker of the biologic state of the periodontium in health and diseaseIt is contains components of connective tissue epithelium inflammatory cells serum and microbial flora inhabiting the gingival margin or the sulcus (pocket)In the healthy sulcus the amount of the gingival fluid is very small During inflammation however the gingival fluid flow increasesThe main route of the gingival fluid diffusion is through the basement membrane through the relatively wide intracellular spaces of the junctional epithelium and then into the sulcus050323 30
The functions arecleanse material from the sulcuscontain plasma proteins that may improve adhesion of the epithelium to the toothpossess antimicrobial propertiesexert antibody activity to defend the gingival
050323 31
There are functions To brace the marginal gingiva firmly against the toothTo provide the rigidity necessary to withstand the forces of mastication without being deflected away from the tooth surfaceTo unite the free marginal gingiva with the cementum of the root and the adjacent attached gingivaThe gingival fibers are arranged in three groups gingivodental circular and transseptal
050323 32
Supraperiosteal arterioles
Vessels of the periodontal ligament
Arterioles that emerge from the crest septa
050323 33
ColorSizeContourConsistencyPosition
CORRELATION OF CLINICAL CORRELATION OF CLINICAL AND MICROSCOPIC FEATURESAND MICROSCOPIC FEATURES
050323 34
Produced by Vascular supply Thicknessdegree of keratinization of epithelium Presence of pigment-containing cells
050323 35
1 Healthy gingiva in the person young
2 Healthy lightly pigmented gingivabullAG is stippledbullThis pigmentattion results from the synthesis of melanin by melanocytes located in the basal layer of the epithelium (brown spots)
3 Healthy deeply pigmented gingivabullRecession in the mandibular anterior areabullThe alveolar crest is located ca2mm apical to CEJ1
050323 36
Follows a scalloped outline on facial and lingual surfaces
050323 37
firm resilienttightly bound to underlying bone (except for marginal gingiva)
050323 38
ndash feature of healthy gingiva however may be absent in healthy gingiva
ndash Stipplingbull attached gingiva_yesbull marginal gingiva_nondash Less prominent in lingual aspects
050323 39
the outer surface of gingiva is covered with a thick layer of keratinised sratified squamous epithelium with finger like projections [rete pegs] into the dense collagen underneath the strong attacment of collagen to epithelium between the rete pegs causes the gingiva to have a stippled surface when it is normal and not inflamed
050323 40
Connective tissue that surrounds the root and connect it to the bone continuous with connective tissue of gingiva
050323 41
050323 42
Principle Fibers of the Periodontal LigamentAC - alveolar crest fibersH - horizontal fibersOBL - oblique fibersPA - periapical fibersIR - interradicular fibers
050323 43
050323 44
Tooth supportShock absorber Withstanding the forces of masticationSensory receptor necessary for proper positioning of the jawNutritive blood vessels provide the essential nutrients to the vitality of the PDL
050323 45
It is a hard avascular connective tissue that covers the roots of teeth
050323 46
Cementum is more resistant to resorption Important in permitting orthodontic tooth movement
050323 47
050323 48
050323 49
the portion of the maxilla and mandible that forms and suppor the tooth sockets It forms when tooth erupts and disappears gradually after tooth loss
050323 50
1 Alveolar bone or1048708Cribiform plate1048708Alveolar wall1048708Lamina dura
2 Trabecular bone3 Compact bone
050323 51
050323 52
Periapical Radiograph of Maxillary Posterior
Region AC - alveolar crest LD - lamina duraPDL - periodontal ligament050323 53
050323 54
Silabus PeriodontiPeter F Pedi
Essentials of PeriodonticsPhilip M Hoag
Clinical periodontologyCarranza
Describe the normal macroscopic features of the gingiva marginal attached and interdental papilagingivaDescribe the normal microscopic features of the gingival epithelium gingival connective tissueDiscuss the correlation of normal clinical and microscopic features
050323 7
Definisi Jaringan yang mengelilingi dan mendukung gigi
Secara AnatomiGingivaPeriodontal LigamentCementumTulang alveolar
050323 8
Cementum
Periodontalligament
Alveolar bone
Apical foramen
Pulp cavityEnamelDentin
Gingiva
Root canal
Alveolar vesselsamp nerves
050323 9
Part of the oral mucosa (masticatory) that covers
the alveolar processes of the jaws and surrounds the necks of the teeth
050323 10
050323 11
050323 12
050323 13
Terminal edge of the gingiva about 1 mm wide Forms the soft tissue wall of gingival sulcusIt is differentiated apically from the attached gingival by the free gingival grooveThe inner side of it forms the gingival sulcus050323 14
Is the shallow crevice or space around the tooth bounded by the surface of the tooth on one side and the epithelium lining the free margin of the gingiva on the other sideIt is V shaped and it permits the entrance of a periodontal probeThe clinical determination of the depth of the gingival sulcusis an important diagnostic parameterThe histologic depth of a sulcus does not need to be exactly equal to the depth of penetration of the probe The so-called probing depth of a clinically normal gingival sulcus in humans is less than 3 mm050323 15
050323 16
050323 17
The attached gingiva lies between the free gingival groove and the alveolar mucosaThe junction of the attached gingiva and the alveolar mucosa is called mucogingival junctionIn healthy mouth attached gingiva shows stippling (orange-peel appearance) which is a characteristic of this type of mucosaFirm resilient tightly bound to underlying periosteum of the alveolar boneWidth of attached gingiva varies on facial aspects
050323 18
050323 19
Interdental papillae are those parts of gingival tissue that appear in-between teeth apical to the contact pointsConfirming to the shape of the interproximal contact area is a valley like depression in the interdental papilla called Col shape depends on contact points between adjoining teeth
050323 20
050323 21
050323 22
DrSyed Sadatullah King Khalid University
Diagram of positional relation of col in Diagram of positional relation of col in health and disease for canine health and disease for canine premolar and molarpremolar and molar
Col accentuated during inflammation (arrows)
050323 23
Stratified squamous epitheliumoral or outer epitheliumsulcular epithelium andjunctional epitheliumepithelial attachment
050323 24
CT gingival connective tissueES enamel spaceJE junctional epitheliumOE oral epitheliumSE sulcular epithelium
050323 25
The oral or outer epithelium covers the crest and outer surface of the marginal gingiva and the surface of the attached gingivaIt is keratinized or para keratinized The prevalent surfaces however is parakeratinized Keratinization of the oral mucosa palate (most keratinized) gingiva tongue and cheek (least keratinized)
050323 26
The sulcular epithelium lines the gingival sulcus It is a thin nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium without rete pegs and extends from the coronal limit of the junctional epithelium to the crest of the gingival margin The sulcular epithelium is extremely important because it may act as a semipermeable membrane through which injurious bacterial products pass into the gingiva and through which tissue fluid from the gingiva seeps into the sulcus
050323 27
Junctional epithelium forms the seal of the gingival epithelium and the toothIt forms the floor of the gingival sulcus and extends apically to the enamel of the toothDisturbances of epithelial attachment results in deepening of the sulcus which is a sign of gingivalperiodontal disease
050323 28
The attachment of the junctional epithelium to the tooth is reinforced by the gingival fibers For this reason both are considered a functional unit dentogingival unitTheir functions
junctional epithelium is firmly attached to the tooth surface forming an epithelial barrier against plaque bacteriait allows access of gingival fluid inflammatory
cells and components of the immunologic host defense to the gingival marginjunctional epithelial cells exhibit rapid turnover
which contributes to the host-parasite equilibrium and rapid repair of damaged tissue
050323 29
It can be represented as either a transudate or an exudateIt is potential use as a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker of the biologic state of the periodontium in health and diseaseIt is contains components of connective tissue epithelium inflammatory cells serum and microbial flora inhabiting the gingival margin or the sulcus (pocket)In the healthy sulcus the amount of the gingival fluid is very small During inflammation however the gingival fluid flow increasesThe main route of the gingival fluid diffusion is through the basement membrane through the relatively wide intracellular spaces of the junctional epithelium and then into the sulcus050323 30
The functions arecleanse material from the sulcuscontain plasma proteins that may improve adhesion of the epithelium to the toothpossess antimicrobial propertiesexert antibody activity to defend the gingival
050323 31
There are functions To brace the marginal gingiva firmly against the toothTo provide the rigidity necessary to withstand the forces of mastication without being deflected away from the tooth surfaceTo unite the free marginal gingiva with the cementum of the root and the adjacent attached gingivaThe gingival fibers are arranged in three groups gingivodental circular and transseptal
050323 32
Supraperiosteal arterioles
Vessels of the periodontal ligament
Arterioles that emerge from the crest septa
050323 33
ColorSizeContourConsistencyPosition
CORRELATION OF CLINICAL CORRELATION OF CLINICAL AND MICROSCOPIC FEATURESAND MICROSCOPIC FEATURES
050323 34
Produced by Vascular supply Thicknessdegree of keratinization of epithelium Presence of pigment-containing cells
050323 35
1 Healthy gingiva in the person young
2 Healthy lightly pigmented gingivabullAG is stippledbullThis pigmentattion results from the synthesis of melanin by melanocytes located in the basal layer of the epithelium (brown spots)
3 Healthy deeply pigmented gingivabullRecession in the mandibular anterior areabullThe alveolar crest is located ca2mm apical to CEJ1
050323 36
Follows a scalloped outline on facial and lingual surfaces
050323 37
firm resilienttightly bound to underlying bone (except for marginal gingiva)
050323 38
ndash feature of healthy gingiva however may be absent in healthy gingiva
ndash Stipplingbull attached gingiva_yesbull marginal gingiva_nondash Less prominent in lingual aspects
050323 39
the outer surface of gingiva is covered with a thick layer of keratinised sratified squamous epithelium with finger like projections [rete pegs] into the dense collagen underneath the strong attacment of collagen to epithelium between the rete pegs causes the gingiva to have a stippled surface when it is normal and not inflamed
050323 40
Connective tissue that surrounds the root and connect it to the bone continuous with connective tissue of gingiva
050323 41
050323 42
Principle Fibers of the Periodontal LigamentAC - alveolar crest fibersH - horizontal fibersOBL - oblique fibersPA - periapical fibersIR - interradicular fibers
050323 43
050323 44
Tooth supportShock absorber Withstanding the forces of masticationSensory receptor necessary for proper positioning of the jawNutritive blood vessels provide the essential nutrients to the vitality of the PDL
050323 45
It is a hard avascular connective tissue that covers the roots of teeth
050323 46
Cementum is more resistant to resorption Important in permitting orthodontic tooth movement
050323 47
050323 48
050323 49
the portion of the maxilla and mandible that forms and suppor the tooth sockets It forms when tooth erupts and disappears gradually after tooth loss
050323 50
1 Alveolar bone or1048708Cribiform plate1048708Alveolar wall1048708Lamina dura
2 Trabecular bone3 Compact bone
050323 51
050323 52
Periapical Radiograph of Maxillary Posterior
Region AC - alveolar crest LD - lamina duraPDL - periodontal ligament050323 53
050323 54
Silabus PeriodontiPeter F Pedi
Essentials of PeriodonticsPhilip M Hoag
Clinical periodontologyCarranza
Definisi Jaringan yang mengelilingi dan mendukung gigi
Secara AnatomiGingivaPeriodontal LigamentCementumTulang alveolar
050323 8
Cementum
Periodontalligament
Alveolar bone
Apical foramen
Pulp cavityEnamelDentin
Gingiva
Root canal
Alveolar vesselsamp nerves
050323 9
Part of the oral mucosa (masticatory) that covers
the alveolar processes of the jaws and surrounds the necks of the teeth
050323 10
050323 11
050323 12
050323 13
Terminal edge of the gingiva about 1 mm wide Forms the soft tissue wall of gingival sulcusIt is differentiated apically from the attached gingival by the free gingival grooveThe inner side of it forms the gingival sulcus050323 14
Is the shallow crevice or space around the tooth bounded by the surface of the tooth on one side and the epithelium lining the free margin of the gingiva on the other sideIt is V shaped and it permits the entrance of a periodontal probeThe clinical determination of the depth of the gingival sulcusis an important diagnostic parameterThe histologic depth of a sulcus does not need to be exactly equal to the depth of penetration of the probe The so-called probing depth of a clinically normal gingival sulcus in humans is less than 3 mm050323 15
050323 16
050323 17
The attached gingiva lies between the free gingival groove and the alveolar mucosaThe junction of the attached gingiva and the alveolar mucosa is called mucogingival junctionIn healthy mouth attached gingiva shows stippling (orange-peel appearance) which is a characteristic of this type of mucosaFirm resilient tightly bound to underlying periosteum of the alveolar boneWidth of attached gingiva varies on facial aspects
050323 18
050323 19
Interdental papillae are those parts of gingival tissue that appear in-between teeth apical to the contact pointsConfirming to the shape of the interproximal contact area is a valley like depression in the interdental papilla called Col shape depends on contact points between adjoining teeth
050323 20
050323 21
050323 22
DrSyed Sadatullah King Khalid University
Diagram of positional relation of col in Diagram of positional relation of col in health and disease for canine health and disease for canine premolar and molarpremolar and molar
Col accentuated during inflammation (arrows)
050323 23
Stratified squamous epitheliumoral or outer epitheliumsulcular epithelium andjunctional epitheliumepithelial attachment
050323 24
CT gingival connective tissueES enamel spaceJE junctional epitheliumOE oral epitheliumSE sulcular epithelium
050323 25
The oral or outer epithelium covers the crest and outer surface of the marginal gingiva and the surface of the attached gingivaIt is keratinized or para keratinized The prevalent surfaces however is parakeratinized Keratinization of the oral mucosa palate (most keratinized) gingiva tongue and cheek (least keratinized)
050323 26
The sulcular epithelium lines the gingival sulcus It is a thin nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium without rete pegs and extends from the coronal limit of the junctional epithelium to the crest of the gingival margin The sulcular epithelium is extremely important because it may act as a semipermeable membrane through which injurious bacterial products pass into the gingiva and through which tissue fluid from the gingiva seeps into the sulcus
050323 27
Junctional epithelium forms the seal of the gingival epithelium and the toothIt forms the floor of the gingival sulcus and extends apically to the enamel of the toothDisturbances of epithelial attachment results in deepening of the sulcus which is a sign of gingivalperiodontal disease
050323 28
The attachment of the junctional epithelium to the tooth is reinforced by the gingival fibers For this reason both are considered a functional unit dentogingival unitTheir functions
junctional epithelium is firmly attached to the tooth surface forming an epithelial barrier against plaque bacteriait allows access of gingival fluid inflammatory
cells and components of the immunologic host defense to the gingival marginjunctional epithelial cells exhibit rapid turnover
which contributes to the host-parasite equilibrium and rapid repair of damaged tissue
050323 29
It can be represented as either a transudate or an exudateIt is potential use as a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker of the biologic state of the periodontium in health and diseaseIt is contains components of connective tissue epithelium inflammatory cells serum and microbial flora inhabiting the gingival margin or the sulcus (pocket)In the healthy sulcus the amount of the gingival fluid is very small During inflammation however the gingival fluid flow increasesThe main route of the gingival fluid diffusion is through the basement membrane through the relatively wide intracellular spaces of the junctional epithelium and then into the sulcus050323 30
The functions arecleanse material from the sulcuscontain plasma proteins that may improve adhesion of the epithelium to the toothpossess antimicrobial propertiesexert antibody activity to defend the gingival
050323 31
There are functions To brace the marginal gingiva firmly against the toothTo provide the rigidity necessary to withstand the forces of mastication without being deflected away from the tooth surfaceTo unite the free marginal gingiva with the cementum of the root and the adjacent attached gingivaThe gingival fibers are arranged in three groups gingivodental circular and transseptal
050323 32
Supraperiosteal arterioles
Vessels of the periodontal ligament
Arterioles that emerge from the crest septa
050323 33
ColorSizeContourConsistencyPosition
CORRELATION OF CLINICAL CORRELATION OF CLINICAL AND MICROSCOPIC FEATURESAND MICROSCOPIC FEATURES
050323 34
Produced by Vascular supply Thicknessdegree of keratinization of epithelium Presence of pigment-containing cells
050323 35
1 Healthy gingiva in the person young
2 Healthy lightly pigmented gingivabullAG is stippledbullThis pigmentattion results from the synthesis of melanin by melanocytes located in the basal layer of the epithelium (brown spots)
3 Healthy deeply pigmented gingivabullRecession in the mandibular anterior areabullThe alveolar crest is located ca2mm apical to CEJ1
050323 36
Follows a scalloped outline on facial and lingual surfaces
050323 37
firm resilienttightly bound to underlying bone (except for marginal gingiva)
050323 38
ndash feature of healthy gingiva however may be absent in healthy gingiva
ndash Stipplingbull attached gingiva_yesbull marginal gingiva_nondash Less prominent in lingual aspects
050323 39
the outer surface of gingiva is covered with a thick layer of keratinised sratified squamous epithelium with finger like projections [rete pegs] into the dense collagen underneath the strong attacment of collagen to epithelium between the rete pegs causes the gingiva to have a stippled surface when it is normal and not inflamed
050323 40
Connective tissue that surrounds the root and connect it to the bone continuous with connective tissue of gingiva
050323 41
050323 42
Principle Fibers of the Periodontal LigamentAC - alveolar crest fibersH - horizontal fibersOBL - oblique fibersPA - periapical fibersIR - interradicular fibers
050323 43
050323 44
Tooth supportShock absorber Withstanding the forces of masticationSensory receptor necessary for proper positioning of the jawNutritive blood vessels provide the essential nutrients to the vitality of the PDL
050323 45
It is a hard avascular connective tissue that covers the roots of teeth
050323 46
Cementum is more resistant to resorption Important in permitting orthodontic tooth movement
050323 47
050323 48
050323 49
the portion of the maxilla and mandible that forms and suppor the tooth sockets It forms when tooth erupts and disappears gradually after tooth loss
050323 50
1 Alveolar bone or1048708Cribiform plate1048708Alveolar wall1048708Lamina dura
2 Trabecular bone3 Compact bone
050323 51
050323 52
Periapical Radiograph of Maxillary Posterior
Region AC - alveolar crest LD - lamina duraPDL - periodontal ligament050323 53
050323 54
Silabus PeriodontiPeter F Pedi
Essentials of PeriodonticsPhilip M Hoag
Clinical periodontologyCarranza
Cementum
Periodontalligament
Alveolar bone
Apical foramen
Pulp cavityEnamelDentin
Gingiva
Root canal
Alveolar vesselsamp nerves
050323 9
Part of the oral mucosa (masticatory) that covers
the alveolar processes of the jaws and surrounds the necks of the teeth
050323 10
050323 11
050323 12
050323 13
Terminal edge of the gingiva about 1 mm wide Forms the soft tissue wall of gingival sulcusIt is differentiated apically from the attached gingival by the free gingival grooveThe inner side of it forms the gingival sulcus050323 14
Is the shallow crevice or space around the tooth bounded by the surface of the tooth on one side and the epithelium lining the free margin of the gingiva on the other sideIt is V shaped and it permits the entrance of a periodontal probeThe clinical determination of the depth of the gingival sulcusis an important diagnostic parameterThe histologic depth of a sulcus does not need to be exactly equal to the depth of penetration of the probe The so-called probing depth of a clinically normal gingival sulcus in humans is less than 3 mm050323 15
050323 16
050323 17
The attached gingiva lies between the free gingival groove and the alveolar mucosaThe junction of the attached gingiva and the alveolar mucosa is called mucogingival junctionIn healthy mouth attached gingiva shows stippling (orange-peel appearance) which is a characteristic of this type of mucosaFirm resilient tightly bound to underlying periosteum of the alveolar boneWidth of attached gingiva varies on facial aspects
050323 18
050323 19
Interdental papillae are those parts of gingival tissue that appear in-between teeth apical to the contact pointsConfirming to the shape of the interproximal contact area is a valley like depression in the interdental papilla called Col shape depends on contact points between adjoining teeth
050323 20
050323 21
050323 22
DrSyed Sadatullah King Khalid University
Diagram of positional relation of col in Diagram of positional relation of col in health and disease for canine health and disease for canine premolar and molarpremolar and molar
Col accentuated during inflammation (arrows)
050323 23
Stratified squamous epitheliumoral or outer epitheliumsulcular epithelium andjunctional epitheliumepithelial attachment
050323 24
CT gingival connective tissueES enamel spaceJE junctional epitheliumOE oral epitheliumSE sulcular epithelium
050323 25
The oral or outer epithelium covers the crest and outer surface of the marginal gingiva and the surface of the attached gingivaIt is keratinized or para keratinized The prevalent surfaces however is parakeratinized Keratinization of the oral mucosa palate (most keratinized) gingiva tongue and cheek (least keratinized)
050323 26
The sulcular epithelium lines the gingival sulcus It is a thin nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium without rete pegs and extends from the coronal limit of the junctional epithelium to the crest of the gingival margin The sulcular epithelium is extremely important because it may act as a semipermeable membrane through which injurious bacterial products pass into the gingiva and through which tissue fluid from the gingiva seeps into the sulcus
050323 27
Junctional epithelium forms the seal of the gingival epithelium and the toothIt forms the floor of the gingival sulcus and extends apically to the enamel of the toothDisturbances of epithelial attachment results in deepening of the sulcus which is a sign of gingivalperiodontal disease
050323 28
The attachment of the junctional epithelium to the tooth is reinforced by the gingival fibers For this reason both are considered a functional unit dentogingival unitTheir functions
junctional epithelium is firmly attached to the tooth surface forming an epithelial barrier against plaque bacteriait allows access of gingival fluid inflammatory
cells and components of the immunologic host defense to the gingival marginjunctional epithelial cells exhibit rapid turnover
which contributes to the host-parasite equilibrium and rapid repair of damaged tissue
050323 29
It can be represented as either a transudate or an exudateIt is potential use as a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker of the biologic state of the periodontium in health and diseaseIt is contains components of connective tissue epithelium inflammatory cells serum and microbial flora inhabiting the gingival margin or the sulcus (pocket)In the healthy sulcus the amount of the gingival fluid is very small During inflammation however the gingival fluid flow increasesThe main route of the gingival fluid diffusion is through the basement membrane through the relatively wide intracellular spaces of the junctional epithelium and then into the sulcus050323 30
The functions arecleanse material from the sulcuscontain plasma proteins that may improve adhesion of the epithelium to the toothpossess antimicrobial propertiesexert antibody activity to defend the gingival
050323 31
There are functions To brace the marginal gingiva firmly against the toothTo provide the rigidity necessary to withstand the forces of mastication without being deflected away from the tooth surfaceTo unite the free marginal gingiva with the cementum of the root and the adjacent attached gingivaThe gingival fibers are arranged in three groups gingivodental circular and transseptal
050323 32
Supraperiosteal arterioles
Vessels of the periodontal ligament
Arterioles that emerge from the crest septa
050323 33
ColorSizeContourConsistencyPosition
CORRELATION OF CLINICAL CORRELATION OF CLINICAL AND MICROSCOPIC FEATURESAND MICROSCOPIC FEATURES
050323 34
Produced by Vascular supply Thicknessdegree of keratinization of epithelium Presence of pigment-containing cells
050323 35
1 Healthy gingiva in the person young
2 Healthy lightly pigmented gingivabullAG is stippledbullThis pigmentattion results from the synthesis of melanin by melanocytes located in the basal layer of the epithelium (brown spots)
3 Healthy deeply pigmented gingivabullRecession in the mandibular anterior areabullThe alveolar crest is located ca2mm apical to CEJ1
050323 36
Follows a scalloped outline on facial and lingual surfaces
050323 37
firm resilienttightly bound to underlying bone (except for marginal gingiva)
050323 38
ndash feature of healthy gingiva however may be absent in healthy gingiva
ndash Stipplingbull attached gingiva_yesbull marginal gingiva_nondash Less prominent in lingual aspects
050323 39
the outer surface of gingiva is covered with a thick layer of keratinised sratified squamous epithelium with finger like projections [rete pegs] into the dense collagen underneath the strong attacment of collagen to epithelium between the rete pegs causes the gingiva to have a stippled surface when it is normal and not inflamed
050323 40
Connective tissue that surrounds the root and connect it to the bone continuous with connective tissue of gingiva
050323 41
050323 42
Principle Fibers of the Periodontal LigamentAC - alveolar crest fibersH - horizontal fibersOBL - oblique fibersPA - periapical fibersIR - interradicular fibers
050323 43
050323 44
Tooth supportShock absorber Withstanding the forces of masticationSensory receptor necessary for proper positioning of the jawNutritive blood vessels provide the essential nutrients to the vitality of the PDL
050323 45
It is a hard avascular connective tissue that covers the roots of teeth
050323 46
Cementum is more resistant to resorption Important in permitting orthodontic tooth movement
050323 47
050323 48
050323 49
the portion of the maxilla and mandible that forms and suppor the tooth sockets It forms when tooth erupts and disappears gradually after tooth loss
050323 50
1 Alveolar bone or1048708Cribiform plate1048708Alveolar wall1048708Lamina dura
2 Trabecular bone3 Compact bone
050323 51
050323 52
Periapical Radiograph of Maxillary Posterior
Region AC - alveolar crest LD - lamina duraPDL - periodontal ligament050323 53
050323 54
Silabus PeriodontiPeter F Pedi
Essentials of PeriodonticsPhilip M Hoag
Clinical periodontologyCarranza
Part of the oral mucosa (masticatory) that covers
the alveolar processes of the jaws and surrounds the necks of the teeth
050323 10
050323 11
050323 12
050323 13
Terminal edge of the gingiva about 1 mm wide Forms the soft tissue wall of gingival sulcusIt is differentiated apically from the attached gingival by the free gingival grooveThe inner side of it forms the gingival sulcus050323 14
Is the shallow crevice or space around the tooth bounded by the surface of the tooth on one side and the epithelium lining the free margin of the gingiva on the other sideIt is V shaped and it permits the entrance of a periodontal probeThe clinical determination of the depth of the gingival sulcusis an important diagnostic parameterThe histologic depth of a sulcus does not need to be exactly equal to the depth of penetration of the probe The so-called probing depth of a clinically normal gingival sulcus in humans is less than 3 mm050323 15
050323 16
050323 17
The attached gingiva lies between the free gingival groove and the alveolar mucosaThe junction of the attached gingiva and the alveolar mucosa is called mucogingival junctionIn healthy mouth attached gingiva shows stippling (orange-peel appearance) which is a characteristic of this type of mucosaFirm resilient tightly bound to underlying periosteum of the alveolar boneWidth of attached gingiva varies on facial aspects
050323 18
050323 19
Interdental papillae are those parts of gingival tissue that appear in-between teeth apical to the contact pointsConfirming to the shape of the interproximal contact area is a valley like depression in the interdental papilla called Col shape depends on contact points between adjoining teeth
050323 20
050323 21
050323 22
DrSyed Sadatullah King Khalid University
Diagram of positional relation of col in Diagram of positional relation of col in health and disease for canine health and disease for canine premolar and molarpremolar and molar
Col accentuated during inflammation (arrows)
050323 23
Stratified squamous epitheliumoral or outer epitheliumsulcular epithelium andjunctional epitheliumepithelial attachment
050323 24
CT gingival connective tissueES enamel spaceJE junctional epitheliumOE oral epitheliumSE sulcular epithelium
050323 25
The oral or outer epithelium covers the crest and outer surface of the marginal gingiva and the surface of the attached gingivaIt is keratinized or para keratinized The prevalent surfaces however is parakeratinized Keratinization of the oral mucosa palate (most keratinized) gingiva tongue and cheek (least keratinized)
050323 26
The sulcular epithelium lines the gingival sulcus It is a thin nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium without rete pegs and extends from the coronal limit of the junctional epithelium to the crest of the gingival margin The sulcular epithelium is extremely important because it may act as a semipermeable membrane through which injurious bacterial products pass into the gingiva and through which tissue fluid from the gingiva seeps into the sulcus
050323 27
Junctional epithelium forms the seal of the gingival epithelium and the toothIt forms the floor of the gingival sulcus and extends apically to the enamel of the toothDisturbances of epithelial attachment results in deepening of the sulcus which is a sign of gingivalperiodontal disease
050323 28
The attachment of the junctional epithelium to the tooth is reinforced by the gingival fibers For this reason both are considered a functional unit dentogingival unitTheir functions
junctional epithelium is firmly attached to the tooth surface forming an epithelial barrier against plaque bacteriait allows access of gingival fluid inflammatory
cells and components of the immunologic host defense to the gingival marginjunctional epithelial cells exhibit rapid turnover
which contributes to the host-parasite equilibrium and rapid repair of damaged tissue
050323 29
It can be represented as either a transudate or an exudateIt is potential use as a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker of the biologic state of the periodontium in health and diseaseIt is contains components of connective tissue epithelium inflammatory cells serum and microbial flora inhabiting the gingival margin or the sulcus (pocket)In the healthy sulcus the amount of the gingival fluid is very small During inflammation however the gingival fluid flow increasesThe main route of the gingival fluid diffusion is through the basement membrane through the relatively wide intracellular spaces of the junctional epithelium and then into the sulcus050323 30
The functions arecleanse material from the sulcuscontain plasma proteins that may improve adhesion of the epithelium to the toothpossess antimicrobial propertiesexert antibody activity to defend the gingival
050323 31
There are functions To brace the marginal gingiva firmly against the toothTo provide the rigidity necessary to withstand the forces of mastication without being deflected away from the tooth surfaceTo unite the free marginal gingiva with the cementum of the root and the adjacent attached gingivaThe gingival fibers are arranged in three groups gingivodental circular and transseptal
050323 32
Supraperiosteal arterioles
Vessels of the periodontal ligament
Arterioles that emerge from the crest septa
050323 33
ColorSizeContourConsistencyPosition
CORRELATION OF CLINICAL CORRELATION OF CLINICAL AND MICROSCOPIC FEATURESAND MICROSCOPIC FEATURES
050323 34
Produced by Vascular supply Thicknessdegree of keratinization of epithelium Presence of pigment-containing cells
050323 35
1 Healthy gingiva in the person young
2 Healthy lightly pigmented gingivabullAG is stippledbullThis pigmentattion results from the synthesis of melanin by melanocytes located in the basal layer of the epithelium (brown spots)
3 Healthy deeply pigmented gingivabullRecession in the mandibular anterior areabullThe alveolar crest is located ca2mm apical to CEJ1
050323 36
Follows a scalloped outline on facial and lingual surfaces
050323 37
firm resilienttightly bound to underlying bone (except for marginal gingiva)
050323 38
ndash feature of healthy gingiva however may be absent in healthy gingiva
ndash Stipplingbull attached gingiva_yesbull marginal gingiva_nondash Less prominent in lingual aspects
050323 39
the outer surface of gingiva is covered with a thick layer of keratinised sratified squamous epithelium with finger like projections [rete pegs] into the dense collagen underneath the strong attacment of collagen to epithelium between the rete pegs causes the gingiva to have a stippled surface when it is normal and not inflamed
050323 40
Connective tissue that surrounds the root and connect it to the bone continuous with connective tissue of gingiva
050323 41
050323 42
Principle Fibers of the Periodontal LigamentAC - alveolar crest fibersH - horizontal fibersOBL - oblique fibersPA - periapical fibersIR - interradicular fibers
050323 43
050323 44
Tooth supportShock absorber Withstanding the forces of masticationSensory receptor necessary for proper positioning of the jawNutritive blood vessels provide the essential nutrients to the vitality of the PDL
050323 45
It is a hard avascular connective tissue that covers the roots of teeth
050323 46
Cementum is more resistant to resorption Important in permitting orthodontic tooth movement
050323 47
050323 48
050323 49
the portion of the maxilla and mandible that forms and suppor the tooth sockets It forms when tooth erupts and disappears gradually after tooth loss
050323 50
1 Alveolar bone or1048708Cribiform plate1048708Alveolar wall1048708Lamina dura
2 Trabecular bone3 Compact bone
050323 51
050323 52
Periapical Radiograph of Maxillary Posterior
Region AC - alveolar crest LD - lamina duraPDL - periodontal ligament050323 53
050323 54
Silabus PeriodontiPeter F Pedi
Essentials of PeriodonticsPhilip M Hoag
Clinical periodontologyCarranza
050323 11
050323 12
050323 13
Terminal edge of the gingiva about 1 mm wide Forms the soft tissue wall of gingival sulcusIt is differentiated apically from the attached gingival by the free gingival grooveThe inner side of it forms the gingival sulcus050323 14
Is the shallow crevice or space around the tooth bounded by the surface of the tooth on one side and the epithelium lining the free margin of the gingiva on the other sideIt is V shaped and it permits the entrance of a periodontal probeThe clinical determination of the depth of the gingival sulcusis an important diagnostic parameterThe histologic depth of a sulcus does not need to be exactly equal to the depth of penetration of the probe The so-called probing depth of a clinically normal gingival sulcus in humans is less than 3 mm050323 15
050323 16
050323 17
The attached gingiva lies between the free gingival groove and the alveolar mucosaThe junction of the attached gingiva and the alveolar mucosa is called mucogingival junctionIn healthy mouth attached gingiva shows stippling (orange-peel appearance) which is a characteristic of this type of mucosaFirm resilient tightly bound to underlying periosteum of the alveolar boneWidth of attached gingiva varies on facial aspects
050323 18
050323 19
Interdental papillae are those parts of gingival tissue that appear in-between teeth apical to the contact pointsConfirming to the shape of the interproximal contact area is a valley like depression in the interdental papilla called Col shape depends on contact points between adjoining teeth
050323 20
050323 21
050323 22
DrSyed Sadatullah King Khalid University
Diagram of positional relation of col in Diagram of positional relation of col in health and disease for canine health and disease for canine premolar and molarpremolar and molar
Col accentuated during inflammation (arrows)
050323 23
Stratified squamous epitheliumoral or outer epitheliumsulcular epithelium andjunctional epitheliumepithelial attachment
050323 24
CT gingival connective tissueES enamel spaceJE junctional epitheliumOE oral epitheliumSE sulcular epithelium
050323 25
The oral or outer epithelium covers the crest and outer surface of the marginal gingiva and the surface of the attached gingivaIt is keratinized or para keratinized The prevalent surfaces however is parakeratinized Keratinization of the oral mucosa palate (most keratinized) gingiva tongue and cheek (least keratinized)
050323 26
The sulcular epithelium lines the gingival sulcus It is a thin nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium without rete pegs and extends from the coronal limit of the junctional epithelium to the crest of the gingival margin The sulcular epithelium is extremely important because it may act as a semipermeable membrane through which injurious bacterial products pass into the gingiva and through which tissue fluid from the gingiva seeps into the sulcus
050323 27
Junctional epithelium forms the seal of the gingival epithelium and the toothIt forms the floor of the gingival sulcus and extends apically to the enamel of the toothDisturbances of epithelial attachment results in deepening of the sulcus which is a sign of gingivalperiodontal disease
050323 28
The attachment of the junctional epithelium to the tooth is reinforced by the gingival fibers For this reason both are considered a functional unit dentogingival unitTheir functions
junctional epithelium is firmly attached to the tooth surface forming an epithelial barrier against plaque bacteriait allows access of gingival fluid inflammatory
cells and components of the immunologic host defense to the gingival marginjunctional epithelial cells exhibit rapid turnover
which contributes to the host-parasite equilibrium and rapid repair of damaged tissue
050323 29
It can be represented as either a transudate or an exudateIt is potential use as a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker of the biologic state of the periodontium in health and diseaseIt is contains components of connective tissue epithelium inflammatory cells serum and microbial flora inhabiting the gingival margin or the sulcus (pocket)In the healthy sulcus the amount of the gingival fluid is very small During inflammation however the gingival fluid flow increasesThe main route of the gingival fluid diffusion is through the basement membrane through the relatively wide intracellular spaces of the junctional epithelium and then into the sulcus050323 30
The functions arecleanse material from the sulcuscontain plasma proteins that may improve adhesion of the epithelium to the toothpossess antimicrobial propertiesexert antibody activity to defend the gingival
050323 31
There are functions To brace the marginal gingiva firmly against the toothTo provide the rigidity necessary to withstand the forces of mastication without being deflected away from the tooth surfaceTo unite the free marginal gingiva with the cementum of the root and the adjacent attached gingivaThe gingival fibers are arranged in three groups gingivodental circular and transseptal
050323 32
Supraperiosteal arterioles
Vessels of the periodontal ligament
Arterioles that emerge from the crest septa
050323 33
ColorSizeContourConsistencyPosition
CORRELATION OF CLINICAL CORRELATION OF CLINICAL AND MICROSCOPIC FEATURESAND MICROSCOPIC FEATURES
050323 34
Produced by Vascular supply Thicknessdegree of keratinization of epithelium Presence of pigment-containing cells
050323 35
1 Healthy gingiva in the person young
2 Healthy lightly pigmented gingivabullAG is stippledbullThis pigmentattion results from the synthesis of melanin by melanocytes located in the basal layer of the epithelium (brown spots)
3 Healthy deeply pigmented gingivabullRecession in the mandibular anterior areabullThe alveolar crest is located ca2mm apical to CEJ1
050323 36
Follows a scalloped outline on facial and lingual surfaces
050323 37
firm resilienttightly bound to underlying bone (except for marginal gingiva)
050323 38
ndash feature of healthy gingiva however may be absent in healthy gingiva
ndash Stipplingbull attached gingiva_yesbull marginal gingiva_nondash Less prominent in lingual aspects
050323 39
the outer surface of gingiva is covered with a thick layer of keratinised sratified squamous epithelium with finger like projections [rete pegs] into the dense collagen underneath the strong attacment of collagen to epithelium between the rete pegs causes the gingiva to have a stippled surface when it is normal and not inflamed
050323 40
Connective tissue that surrounds the root and connect it to the bone continuous with connective tissue of gingiva
050323 41
050323 42
Principle Fibers of the Periodontal LigamentAC - alveolar crest fibersH - horizontal fibersOBL - oblique fibersPA - periapical fibersIR - interradicular fibers
050323 43
050323 44
Tooth supportShock absorber Withstanding the forces of masticationSensory receptor necessary for proper positioning of the jawNutritive blood vessels provide the essential nutrients to the vitality of the PDL
050323 45
It is a hard avascular connective tissue that covers the roots of teeth
050323 46
Cementum is more resistant to resorption Important in permitting orthodontic tooth movement
050323 47
050323 48
050323 49
the portion of the maxilla and mandible that forms and suppor the tooth sockets It forms when tooth erupts and disappears gradually after tooth loss
050323 50
1 Alveolar bone or1048708Cribiform plate1048708Alveolar wall1048708Lamina dura
2 Trabecular bone3 Compact bone
050323 51
050323 52
Periapical Radiograph of Maxillary Posterior
Region AC - alveolar crest LD - lamina duraPDL - periodontal ligament050323 53
050323 54
Silabus PeriodontiPeter F Pedi
Essentials of PeriodonticsPhilip M Hoag
Clinical periodontologyCarranza
050323 12
050323 13
Terminal edge of the gingiva about 1 mm wide Forms the soft tissue wall of gingival sulcusIt is differentiated apically from the attached gingival by the free gingival grooveThe inner side of it forms the gingival sulcus050323 14
Is the shallow crevice or space around the tooth bounded by the surface of the tooth on one side and the epithelium lining the free margin of the gingiva on the other sideIt is V shaped and it permits the entrance of a periodontal probeThe clinical determination of the depth of the gingival sulcusis an important diagnostic parameterThe histologic depth of a sulcus does not need to be exactly equal to the depth of penetration of the probe The so-called probing depth of a clinically normal gingival sulcus in humans is less than 3 mm050323 15
050323 16
050323 17
The attached gingiva lies between the free gingival groove and the alveolar mucosaThe junction of the attached gingiva and the alveolar mucosa is called mucogingival junctionIn healthy mouth attached gingiva shows stippling (orange-peel appearance) which is a characteristic of this type of mucosaFirm resilient tightly bound to underlying periosteum of the alveolar boneWidth of attached gingiva varies on facial aspects
050323 18
050323 19
Interdental papillae are those parts of gingival tissue that appear in-between teeth apical to the contact pointsConfirming to the shape of the interproximal contact area is a valley like depression in the interdental papilla called Col shape depends on contact points between adjoining teeth
050323 20
050323 21
050323 22
DrSyed Sadatullah King Khalid University
Diagram of positional relation of col in Diagram of positional relation of col in health and disease for canine health and disease for canine premolar and molarpremolar and molar
Col accentuated during inflammation (arrows)
050323 23
Stratified squamous epitheliumoral or outer epitheliumsulcular epithelium andjunctional epitheliumepithelial attachment
050323 24
CT gingival connective tissueES enamel spaceJE junctional epitheliumOE oral epitheliumSE sulcular epithelium
050323 25
The oral or outer epithelium covers the crest and outer surface of the marginal gingiva and the surface of the attached gingivaIt is keratinized or para keratinized The prevalent surfaces however is parakeratinized Keratinization of the oral mucosa palate (most keratinized) gingiva tongue and cheek (least keratinized)
050323 26
The sulcular epithelium lines the gingival sulcus It is a thin nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium without rete pegs and extends from the coronal limit of the junctional epithelium to the crest of the gingival margin The sulcular epithelium is extremely important because it may act as a semipermeable membrane through which injurious bacterial products pass into the gingiva and through which tissue fluid from the gingiva seeps into the sulcus
050323 27
Junctional epithelium forms the seal of the gingival epithelium and the toothIt forms the floor of the gingival sulcus and extends apically to the enamel of the toothDisturbances of epithelial attachment results in deepening of the sulcus which is a sign of gingivalperiodontal disease
050323 28
The attachment of the junctional epithelium to the tooth is reinforced by the gingival fibers For this reason both are considered a functional unit dentogingival unitTheir functions
junctional epithelium is firmly attached to the tooth surface forming an epithelial barrier against plaque bacteriait allows access of gingival fluid inflammatory
cells and components of the immunologic host defense to the gingival marginjunctional epithelial cells exhibit rapid turnover
which contributes to the host-parasite equilibrium and rapid repair of damaged tissue
050323 29
It can be represented as either a transudate or an exudateIt is potential use as a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker of the biologic state of the periodontium in health and diseaseIt is contains components of connective tissue epithelium inflammatory cells serum and microbial flora inhabiting the gingival margin or the sulcus (pocket)In the healthy sulcus the amount of the gingival fluid is very small During inflammation however the gingival fluid flow increasesThe main route of the gingival fluid diffusion is through the basement membrane through the relatively wide intracellular spaces of the junctional epithelium and then into the sulcus050323 30
The functions arecleanse material from the sulcuscontain plasma proteins that may improve adhesion of the epithelium to the toothpossess antimicrobial propertiesexert antibody activity to defend the gingival
050323 31
There are functions To brace the marginal gingiva firmly against the toothTo provide the rigidity necessary to withstand the forces of mastication without being deflected away from the tooth surfaceTo unite the free marginal gingiva with the cementum of the root and the adjacent attached gingivaThe gingival fibers are arranged in three groups gingivodental circular and transseptal
050323 32
Supraperiosteal arterioles
Vessels of the periodontal ligament
Arterioles that emerge from the crest septa
050323 33
ColorSizeContourConsistencyPosition
CORRELATION OF CLINICAL CORRELATION OF CLINICAL AND MICROSCOPIC FEATURESAND MICROSCOPIC FEATURES
050323 34
Produced by Vascular supply Thicknessdegree of keratinization of epithelium Presence of pigment-containing cells
050323 35
1 Healthy gingiva in the person young
2 Healthy lightly pigmented gingivabullAG is stippledbullThis pigmentattion results from the synthesis of melanin by melanocytes located in the basal layer of the epithelium (brown spots)
3 Healthy deeply pigmented gingivabullRecession in the mandibular anterior areabullThe alveolar crest is located ca2mm apical to CEJ1
050323 36
Follows a scalloped outline on facial and lingual surfaces
050323 37
firm resilienttightly bound to underlying bone (except for marginal gingiva)
050323 38
ndash feature of healthy gingiva however may be absent in healthy gingiva
ndash Stipplingbull attached gingiva_yesbull marginal gingiva_nondash Less prominent in lingual aspects
050323 39
the outer surface of gingiva is covered with a thick layer of keratinised sratified squamous epithelium with finger like projections [rete pegs] into the dense collagen underneath the strong attacment of collagen to epithelium between the rete pegs causes the gingiva to have a stippled surface when it is normal and not inflamed
050323 40
Connective tissue that surrounds the root and connect it to the bone continuous with connective tissue of gingiva
050323 41
050323 42
Principle Fibers of the Periodontal LigamentAC - alveolar crest fibersH - horizontal fibersOBL - oblique fibersPA - periapical fibersIR - interradicular fibers
050323 43
050323 44
Tooth supportShock absorber Withstanding the forces of masticationSensory receptor necessary for proper positioning of the jawNutritive blood vessels provide the essential nutrients to the vitality of the PDL
050323 45
It is a hard avascular connective tissue that covers the roots of teeth
050323 46
Cementum is more resistant to resorption Important in permitting orthodontic tooth movement
050323 47
050323 48
050323 49
the portion of the maxilla and mandible that forms and suppor the tooth sockets It forms when tooth erupts and disappears gradually after tooth loss
050323 50
1 Alveolar bone or1048708Cribiform plate1048708Alveolar wall1048708Lamina dura
2 Trabecular bone3 Compact bone
050323 51
050323 52
Periapical Radiograph of Maxillary Posterior
Region AC - alveolar crest LD - lamina duraPDL - periodontal ligament050323 53
050323 54
Silabus PeriodontiPeter F Pedi
Essentials of PeriodonticsPhilip M Hoag
Clinical periodontologyCarranza
050323 13
Terminal edge of the gingiva about 1 mm wide Forms the soft tissue wall of gingival sulcusIt is differentiated apically from the attached gingival by the free gingival grooveThe inner side of it forms the gingival sulcus050323 14
Is the shallow crevice or space around the tooth bounded by the surface of the tooth on one side and the epithelium lining the free margin of the gingiva on the other sideIt is V shaped and it permits the entrance of a periodontal probeThe clinical determination of the depth of the gingival sulcusis an important diagnostic parameterThe histologic depth of a sulcus does not need to be exactly equal to the depth of penetration of the probe The so-called probing depth of a clinically normal gingival sulcus in humans is less than 3 mm050323 15
050323 16
050323 17
The attached gingiva lies between the free gingival groove and the alveolar mucosaThe junction of the attached gingiva and the alveolar mucosa is called mucogingival junctionIn healthy mouth attached gingiva shows stippling (orange-peel appearance) which is a characteristic of this type of mucosaFirm resilient tightly bound to underlying periosteum of the alveolar boneWidth of attached gingiva varies on facial aspects
050323 18
050323 19
Interdental papillae are those parts of gingival tissue that appear in-between teeth apical to the contact pointsConfirming to the shape of the interproximal contact area is a valley like depression in the interdental papilla called Col shape depends on contact points between adjoining teeth
050323 20
050323 21
050323 22
DrSyed Sadatullah King Khalid University
Diagram of positional relation of col in Diagram of positional relation of col in health and disease for canine health and disease for canine premolar and molarpremolar and molar
Col accentuated during inflammation (arrows)
050323 23
Stratified squamous epitheliumoral or outer epitheliumsulcular epithelium andjunctional epitheliumepithelial attachment
050323 24
CT gingival connective tissueES enamel spaceJE junctional epitheliumOE oral epitheliumSE sulcular epithelium
050323 25
The oral or outer epithelium covers the crest and outer surface of the marginal gingiva and the surface of the attached gingivaIt is keratinized or para keratinized The prevalent surfaces however is parakeratinized Keratinization of the oral mucosa palate (most keratinized) gingiva tongue and cheek (least keratinized)
050323 26
The sulcular epithelium lines the gingival sulcus It is a thin nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium without rete pegs and extends from the coronal limit of the junctional epithelium to the crest of the gingival margin The sulcular epithelium is extremely important because it may act as a semipermeable membrane through which injurious bacterial products pass into the gingiva and through which tissue fluid from the gingiva seeps into the sulcus
050323 27
Junctional epithelium forms the seal of the gingival epithelium and the toothIt forms the floor of the gingival sulcus and extends apically to the enamel of the toothDisturbances of epithelial attachment results in deepening of the sulcus which is a sign of gingivalperiodontal disease
050323 28
The attachment of the junctional epithelium to the tooth is reinforced by the gingival fibers For this reason both are considered a functional unit dentogingival unitTheir functions
junctional epithelium is firmly attached to the tooth surface forming an epithelial barrier against plaque bacteriait allows access of gingival fluid inflammatory
cells and components of the immunologic host defense to the gingival marginjunctional epithelial cells exhibit rapid turnover
which contributes to the host-parasite equilibrium and rapid repair of damaged tissue
050323 29
It can be represented as either a transudate or an exudateIt is potential use as a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker of the biologic state of the periodontium in health and diseaseIt is contains components of connective tissue epithelium inflammatory cells serum and microbial flora inhabiting the gingival margin or the sulcus (pocket)In the healthy sulcus the amount of the gingival fluid is very small During inflammation however the gingival fluid flow increasesThe main route of the gingival fluid diffusion is through the basement membrane through the relatively wide intracellular spaces of the junctional epithelium and then into the sulcus050323 30
The functions arecleanse material from the sulcuscontain plasma proteins that may improve adhesion of the epithelium to the toothpossess antimicrobial propertiesexert antibody activity to defend the gingival
050323 31
There are functions To brace the marginal gingiva firmly against the toothTo provide the rigidity necessary to withstand the forces of mastication without being deflected away from the tooth surfaceTo unite the free marginal gingiva with the cementum of the root and the adjacent attached gingivaThe gingival fibers are arranged in three groups gingivodental circular and transseptal
050323 32
Supraperiosteal arterioles
Vessels of the periodontal ligament
Arterioles that emerge from the crest septa
050323 33
ColorSizeContourConsistencyPosition
CORRELATION OF CLINICAL CORRELATION OF CLINICAL AND MICROSCOPIC FEATURESAND MICROSCOPIC FEATURES
050323 34
Produced by Vascular supply Thicknessdegree of keratinization of epithelium Presence of pigment-containing cells
050323 35
1 Healthy gingiva in the person young
2 Healthy lightly pigmented gingivabullAG is stippledbullThis pigmentattion results from the synthesis of melanin by melanocytes located in the basal layer of the epithelium (brown spots)
3 Healthy deeply pigmented gingivabullRecession in the mandibular anterior areabullThe alveolar crest is located ca2mm apical to CEJ1
050323 36
Follows a scalloped outline on facial and lingual surfaces
050323 37
firm resilienttightly bound to underlying bone (except for marginal gingiva)
050323 38
ndash feature of healthy gingiva however may be absent in healthy gingiva
ndash Stipplingbull attached gingiva_yesbull marginal gingiva_nondash Less prominent in lingual aspects
050323 39
the outer surface of gingiva is covered with a thick layer of keratinised sratified squamous epithelium with finger like projections [rete pegs] into the dense collagen underneath the strong attacment of collagen to epithelium between the rete pegs causes the gingiva to have a stippled surface when it is normal and not inflamed
050323 40
Connective tissue that surrounds the root and connect it to the bone continuous with connective tissue of gingiva
050323 41
050323 42
Principle Fibers of the Periodontal LigamentAC - alveolar crest fibersH - horizontal fibersOBL - oblique fibersPA - periapical fibersIR - interradicular fibers
050323 43
050323 44
Tooth supportShock absorber Withstanding the forces of masticationSensory receptor necessary for proper positioning of the jawNutritive blood vessels provide the essential nutrients to the vitality of the PDL
050323 45
It is a hard avascular connective tissue that covers the roots of teeth
050323 46
Cementum is more resistant to resorption Important in permitting orthodontic tooth movement
050323 47
050323 48
050323 49
the portion of the maxilla and mandible that forms and suppor the tooth sockets It forms when tooth erupts and disappears gradually after tooth loss
050323 50
1 Alveolar bone or1048708Cribiform plate1048708Alveolar wall1048708Lamina dura
2 Trabecular bone3 Compact bone
050323 51
050323 52
Periapical Radiograph of Maxillary Posterior
Region AC - alveolar crest LD - lamina duraPDL - periodontal ligament050323 53
050323 54
Silabus PeriodontiPeter F Pedi
Essentials of PeriodonticsPhilip M Hoag
Clinical periodontologyCarranza
Terminal edge of the gingiva about 1 mm wide Forms the soft tissue wall of gingival sulcusIt is differentiated apically from the attached gingival by the free gingival grooveThe inner side of it forms the gingival sulcus050323 14
Is the shallow crevice or space around the tooth bounded by the surface of the tooth on one side and the epithelium lining the free margin of the gingiva on the other sideIt is V shaped and it permits the entrance of a periodontal probeThe clinical determination of the depth of the gingival sulcusis an important diagnostic parameterThe histologic depth of a sulcus does not need to be exactly equal to the depth of penetration of the probe The so-called probing depth of a clinically normal gingival sulcus in humans is less than 3 mm050323 15
050323 16
050323 17
The attached gingiva lies between the free gingival groove and the alveolar mucosaThe junction of the attached gingiva and the alveolar mucosa is called mucogingival junctionIn healthy mouth attached gingiva shows stippling (orange-peel appearance) which is a characteristic of this type of mucosaFirm resilient tightly bound to underlying periosteum of the alveolar boneWidth of attached gingiva varies on facial aspects
050323 18
050323 19
Interdental papillae are those parts of gingival tissue that appear in-between teeth apical to the contact pointsConfirming to the shape of the interproximal contact area is a valley like depression in the interdental papilla called Col shape depends on contact points between adjoining teeth
050323 20
050323 21
050323 22
DrSyed Sadatullah King Khalid University
Diagram of positional relation of col in Diagram of positional relation of col in health and disease for canine health and disease for canine premolar and molarpremolar and molar
Col accentuated during inflammation (arrows)
050323 23
Stratified squamous epitheliumoral or outer epitheliumsulcular epithelium andjunctional epitheliumepithelial attachment
050323 24
CT gingival connective tissueES enamel spaceJE junctional epitheliumOE oral epitheliumSE sulcular epithelium
050323 25
The oral or outer epithelium covers the crest and outer surface of the marginal gingiva and the surface of the attached gingivaIt is keratinized or para keratinized The prevalent surfaces however is parakeratinized Keratinization of the oral mucosa palate (most keratinized) gingiva tongue and cheek (least keratinized)
050323 26
The sulcular epithelium lines the gingival sulcus It is a thin nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium without rete pegs and extends from the coronal limit of the junctional epithelium to the crest of the gingival margin The sulcular epithelium is extremely important because it may act as a semipermeable membrane through which injurious bacterial products pass into the gingiva and through which tissue fluid from the gingiva seeps into the sulcus
050323 27
Junctional epithelium forms the seal of the gingival epithelium and the toothIt forms the floor of the gingival sulcus and extends apically to the enamel of the toothDisturbances of epithelial attachment results in deepening of the sulcus which is a sign of gingivalperiodontal disease
050323 28
The attachment of the junctional epithelium to the tooth is reinforced by the gingival fibers For this reason both are considered a functional unit dentogingival unitTheir functions
junctional epithelium is firmly attached to the tooth surface forming an epithelial barrier against plaque bacteriait allows access of gingival fluid inflammatory
cells and components of the immunologic host defense to the gingival marginjunctional epithelial cells exhibit rapid turnover
which contributes to the host-parasite equilibrium and rapid repair of damaged tissue
050323 29
It can be represented as either a transudate or an exudateIt is potential use as a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker of the biologic state of the periodontium in health and diseaseIt is contains components of connective tissue epithelium inflammatory cells serum and microbial flora inhabiting the gingival margin or the sulcus (pocket)In the healthy sulcus the amount of the gingival fluid is very small During inflammation however the gingival fluid flow increasesThe main route of the gingival fluid diffusion is through the basement membrane through the relatively wide intracellular spaces of the junctional epithelium and then into the sulcus050323 30
The functions arecleanse material from the sulcuscontain plasma proteins that may improve adhesion of the epithelium to the toothpossess antimicrobial propertiesexert antibody activity to defend the gingival
050323 31
There are functions To brace the marginal gingiva firmly against the toothTo provide the rigidity necessary to withstand the forces of mastication without being deflected away from the tooth surfaceTo unite the free marginal gingiva with the cementum of the root and the adjacent attached gingivaThe gingival fibers are arranged in three groups gingivodental circular and transseptal
050323 32
Supraperiosteal arterioles
Vessels of the periodontal ligament
Arterioles that emerge from the crest septa
050323 33
ColorSizeContourConsistencyPosition
CORRELATION OF CLINICAL CORRELATION OF CLINICAL AND MICROSCOPIC FEATURESAND MICROSCOPIC FEATURES
050323 34
Produced by Vascular supply Thicknessdegree of keratinization of epithelium Presence of pigment-containing cells
050323 35
1 Healthy gingiva in the person young
2 Healthy lightly pigmented gingivabullAG is stippledbullThis pigmentattion results from the synthesis of melanin by melanocytes located in the basal layer of the epithelium (brown spots)
3 Healthy deeply pigmented gingivabullRecession in the mandibular anterior areabullThe alveolar crest is located ca2mm apical to CEJ1
050323 36
Follows a scalloped outline on facial and lingual surfaces
050323 37
firm resilienttightly bound to underlying bone (except for marginal gingiva)
050323 38
ndash feature of healthy gingiva however may be absent in healthy gingiva
ndash Stipplingbull attached gingiva_yesbull marginal gingiva_nondash Less prominent in lingual aspects
050323 39
the outer surface of gingiva is covered with a thick layer of keratinised sratified squamous epithelium with finger like projections [rete pegs] into the dense collagen underneath the strong attacment of collagen to epithelium between the rete pegs causes the gingiva to have a stippled surface when it is normal and not inflamed
050323 40
Connective tissue that surrounds the root and connect it to the bone continuous with connective tissue of gingiva
050323 41
050323 42
Principle Fibers of the Periodontal LigamentAC - alveolar crest fibersH - horizontal fibersOBL - oblique fibersPA - periapical fibersIR - interradicular fibers
050323 43
050323 44
Tooth supportShock absorber Withstanding the forces of masticationSensory receptor necessary for proper positioning of the jawNutritive blood vessels provide the essential nutrients to the vitality of the PDL
050323 45
It is a hard avascular connective tissue that covers the roots of teeth
050323 46
Cementum is more resistant to resorption Important in permitting orthodontic tooth movement
050323 47
050323 48
050323 49
the portion of the maxilla and mandible that forms and suppor the tooth sockets It forms when tooth erupts and disappears gradually after tooth loss
050323 50
1 Alveolar bone or1048708Cribiform plate1048708Alveolar wall1048708Lamina dura
2 Trabecular bone3 Compact bone
050323 51
050323 52
Periapical Radiograph of Maxillary Posterior
Region AC - alveolar crest LD - lamina duraPDL - periodontal ligament050323 53
050323 54
Silabus PeriodontiPeter F Pedi
Essentials of PeriodonticsPhilip M Hoag
Clinical periodontologyCarranza
Is the shallow crevice or space around the tooth bounded by the surface of the tooth on one side and the epithelium lining the free margin of the gingiva on the other sideIt is V shaped and it permits the entrance of a periodontal probeThe clinical determination of the depth of the gingival sulcusis an important diagnostic parameterThe histologic depth of a sulcus does not need to be exactly equal to the depth of penetration of the probe The so-called probing depth of a clinically normal gingival sulcus in humans is less than 3 mm050323 15
050323 16
050323 17
The attached gingiva lies between the free gingival groove and the alveolar mucosaThe junction of the attached gingiva and the alveolar mucosa is called mucogingival junctionIn healthy mouth attached gingiva shows stippling (orange-peel appearance) which is a characteristic of this type of mucosaFirm resilient tightly bound to underlying periosteum of the alveolar boneWidth of attached gingiva varies on facial aspects
050323 18
050323 19
Interdental papillae are those parts of gingival tissue that appear in-between teeth apical to the contact pointsConfirming to the shape of the interproximal contact area is a valley like depression in the interdental papilla called Col shape depends on contact points between adjoining teeth
050323 20
050323 21
050323 22
DrSyed Sadatullah King Khalid University
Diagram of positional relation of col in Diagram of positional relation of col in health and disease for canine health and disease for canine premolar and molarpremolar and molar
Col accentuated during inflammation (arrows)
050323 23
Stratified squamous epitheliumoral or outer epitheliumsulcular epithelium andjunctional epitheliumepithelial attachment
050323 24
CT gingival connective tissueES enamel spaceJE junctional epitheliumOE oral epitheliumSE sulcular epithelium
050323 25
The oral or outer epithelium covers the crest and outer surface of the marginal gingiva and the surface of the attached gingivaIt is keratinized or para keratinized The prevalent surfaces however is parakeratinized Keratinization of the oral mucosa palate (most keratinized) gingiva tongue and cheek (least keratinized)
050323 26
The sulcular epithelium lines the gingival sulcus It is a thin nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium without rete pegs and extends from the coronal limit of the junctional epithelium to the crest of the gingival margin The sulcular epithelium is extremely important because it may act as a semipermeable membrane through which injurious bacterial products pass into the gingiva and through which tissue fluid from the gingiva seeps into the sulcus
050323 27
Junctional epithelium forms the seal of the gingival epithelium and the toothIt forms the floor of the gingival sulcus and extends apically to the enamel of the toothDisturbances of epithelial attachment results in deepening of the sulcus which is a sign of gingivalperiodontal disease
050323 28
The attachment of the junctional epithelium to the tooth is reinforced by the gingival fibers For this reason both are considered a functional unit dentogingival unitTheir functions
junctional epithelium is firmly attached to the tooth surface forming an epithelial barrier against plaque bacteriait allows access of gingival fluid inflammatory
cells and components of the immunologic host defense to the gingival marginjunctional epithelial cells exhibit rapid turnover
which contributes to the host-parasite equilibrium and rapid repair of damaged tissue
050323 29
It can be represented as either a transudate or an exudateIt is potential use as a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker of the biologic state of the periodontium in health and diseaseIt is contains components of connective tissue epithelium inflammatory cells serum and microbial flora inhabiting the gingival margin or the sulcus (pocket)In the healthy sulcus the amount of the gingival fluid is very small During inflammation however the gingival fluid flow increasesThe main route of the gingival fluid diffusion is through the basement membrane through the relatively wide intracellular spaces of the junctional epithelium and then into the sulcus050323 30
The functions arecleanse material from the sulcuscontain plasma proteins that may improve adhesion of the epithelium to the toothpossess antimicrobial propertiesexert antibody activity to defend the gingival
050323 31
There are functions To brace the marginal gingiva firmly against the toothTo provide the rigidity necessary to withstand the forces of mastication without being deflected away from the tooth surfaceTo unite the free marginal gingiva with the cementum of the root and the adjacent attached gingivaThe gingival fibers are arranged in three groups gingivodental circular and transseptal
050323 32
Supraperiosteal arterioles
Vessels of the periodontal ligament
Arterioles that emerge from the crest septa
050323 33
ColorSizeContourConsistencyPosition
CORRELATION OF CLINICAL CORRELATION OF CLINICAL AND MICROSCOPIC FEATURESAND MICROSCOPIC FEATURES
050323 34
Produced by Vascular supply Thicknessdegree of keratinization of epithelium Presence of pigment-containing cells
050323 35
1 Healthy gingiva in the person young
2 Healthy lightly pigmented gingivabullAG is stippledbullThis pigmentattion results from the synthesis of melanin by melanocytes located in the basal layer of the epithelium (brown spots)
3 Healthy deeply pigmented gingivabullRecession in the mandibular anterior areabullThe alveolar crest is located ca2mm apical to CEJ1
050323 36
Follows a scalloped outline on facial and lingual surfaces
050323 37
firm resilienttightly bound to underlying bone (except for marginal gingiva)
050323 38
ndash feature of healthy gingiva however may be absent in healthy gingiva
ndash Stipplingbull attached gingiva_yesbull marginal gingiva_nondash Less prominent in lingual aspects
050323 39
the outer surface of gingiva is covered with a thick layer of keratinised sratified squamous epithelium with finger like projections [rete pegs] into the dense collagen underneath the strong attacment of collagen to epithelium between the rete pegs causes the gingiva to have a stippled surface when it is normal and not inflamed
050323 40
Connective tissue that surrounds the root and connect it to the bone continuous with connective tissue of gingiva
050323 41
050323 42
Principle Fibers of the Periodontal LigamentAC - alveolar crest fibersH - horizontal fibersOBL - oblique fibersPA - periapical fibersIR - interradicular fibers
050323 43
050323 44
Tooth supportShock absorber Withstanding the forces of masticationSensory receptor necessary for proper positioning of the jawNutritive blood vessels provide the essential nutrients to the vitality of the PDL
050323 45
It is a hard avascular connective tissue that covers the roots of teeth
050323 46
Cementum is more resistant to resorption Important in permitting orthodontic tooth movement
050323 47
050323 48
050323 49
the portion of the maxilla and mandible that forms and suppor the tooth sockets It forms when tooth erupts and disappears gradually after tooth loss
050323 50
1 Alveolar bone or1048708Cribiform plate1048708Alveolar wall1048708Lamina dura
2 Trabecular bone3 Compact bone
050323 51
050323 52
Periapical Radiograph of Maxillary Posterior
Region AC - alveolar crest LD - lamina duraPDL - periodontal ligament050323 53
050323 54
Silabus PeriodontiPeter F Pedi
Essentials of PeriodonticsPhilip M Hoag
Clinical periodontologyCarranza
050323 16
050323 17
The attached gingiva lies between the free gingival groove and the alveolar mucosaThe junction of the attached gingiva and the alveolar mucosa is called mucogingival junctionIn healthy mouth attached gingiva shows stippling (orange-peel appearance) which is a characteristic of this type of mucosaFirm resilient tightly bound to underlying periosteum of the alveolar boneWidth of attached gingiva varies on facial aspects
050323 18
050323 19
Interdental papillae are those parts of gingival tissue that appear in-between teeth apical to the contact pointsConfirming to the shape of the interproximal contact area is a valley like depression in the interdental papilla called Col shape depends on contact points between adjoining teeth
050323 20
050323 21
050323 22
DrSyed Sadatullah King Khalid University
Diagram of positional relation of col in Diagram of positional relation of col in health and disease for canine health and disease for canine premolar and molarpremolar and molar
Col accentuated during inflammation (arrows)
050323 23
Stratified squamous epitheliumoral or outer epitheliumsulcular epithelium andjunctional epitheliumepithelial attachment
050323 24
CT gingival connective tissueES enamel spaceJE junctional epitheliumOE oral epitheliumSE sulcular epithelium
050323 25
The oral or outer epithelium covers the crest and outer surface of the marginal gingiva and the surface of the attached gingivaIt is keratinized or para keratinized The prevalent surfaces however is parakeratinized Keratinization of the oral mucosa palate (most keratinized) gingiva tongue and cheek (least keratinized)
050323 26
The sulcular epithelium lines the gingival sulcus It is a thin nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium without rete pegs and extends from the coronal limit of the junctional epithelium to the crest of the gingival margin The sulcular epithelium is extremely important because it may act as a semipermeable membrane through which injurious bacterial products pass into the gingiva and through which tissue fluid from the gingiva seeps into the sulcus
050323 27
Junctional epithelium forms the seal of the gingival epithelium and the toothIt forms the floor of the gingival sulcus and extends apically to the enamel of the toothDisturbances of epithelial attachment results in deepening of the sulcus which is a sign of gingivalperiodontal disease
050323 28
The attachment of the junctional epithelium to the tooth is reinforced by the gingival fibers For this reason both are considered a functional unit dentogingival unitTheir functions
junctional epithelium is firmly attached to the tooth surface forming an epithelial barrier against plaque bacteriait allows access of gingival fluid inflammatory
cells and components of the immunologic host defense to the gingival marginjunctional epithelial cells exhibit rapid turnover
which contributes to the host-parasite equilibrium and rapid repair of damaged tissue
050323 29
It can be represented as either a transudate or an exudateIt is potential use as a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker of the biologic state of the periodontium in health and diseaseIt is contains components of connective tissue epithelium inflammatory cells serum and microbial flora inhabiting the gingival margin or the sulcus (pocket)In the healthy sulcus the amount of the gingival fluid is very small During inflammation however the gingival fluid flow increasesThe main route of the gingival fluid diffusion is through the basement membrane through the relatively wide intracellular spaces of the junctional epithelium and then into the sulcus050323 30
The functions arecleanse material from the sulcuscontain plasma proteins that may improve adhesion of the epithelium to the toothpossess antimicrobial propertiesexert antibody activity to defend the gingival
050323 31
There are functions To brace the marginal gingiva firmly against the toothTo provide the rigidity necessary to withstand the forces of mastication without being deflected away from the tooth surfaceTo unite the free marginal gingiva with the cementum of the root and the adjacent attached gingivaThe gingival fibers are arranged in three groups gingivodental circular and transseptal
050323 32
Supraperiosteal arterioles
Vessels of the periodontal ligament
Arterioles that emerge from the crest septa
050323 33
ColorSizeContourConsistencyPosition
CORRELATION OF CLINICAL CORRELATION OF CLINICAL AND MICROSCOPIC FEATURESAND MICROSCOPIC FEATURES
050323 34
Produced by Vascular supply Thicknessdegree of keratinization of epithelium Presence of pigment-containing cells
050323 35
1 Healthy gingiva in the person young
2 Healthy lightly pigmented gingivabullAG is stippledbullThis pigmentattion results from the synthesis of melanin by melanocytes located in the basal layer of the epithelium (brown spots)
3 Healthy deeply pigmented gingivabullRecession in the mandibular anterior areabullThe alveolar crest is located ca2mm apical to CEJ1
050323 36
Follows a scalloped outline on facial and lingual surfaces
050323 37
firm resilienttightly bound to underlying bone (except for marginal gingiva)
050323 38
ndash feature of healthy gingiva however may be absent in healthy gingiva
ndash Stipplingbull attached gingiva_yesbull marginal gingiva_nondash Less prominent in lingual aspects
050323 39
the outer surface of gingiva is covered with a thick layer of keratinised sratified squamous epithelium with finger like projections [rete pegs] into the dense collagen underneath the strong attacment of collagen to epithelium between the rete pegs causes the gingiva to have a stippled surface when it is normal and not inflamed
050323 40
Connective tissue that surrounds the root and connect it to the bone continuous with connective tissue of gingiva
050323 41
050323 42
Principle Fibers of the Periodontal LigamentAC - alveolar crest fibersH - horizontal fibersOBL - oblique fibersPA - periapical fibersIR - interradicular fibers
050323 43
050323 44
Tooth supportShock absorber Withstanding the forces of masticationSensory receptor necessary for proper positioning of the jawNutritive blood vessels provide the essential nutrients to the vitality of the PDL
050323 45
It is a hard avascular connective tissue that covers the roots of teeth
050323 46
Cementum is more resistant to resorption Important in permitting orthodontic tooth movement
050323 47
050323 48
050323 49
the portion of the maxilla and mandible that forms and suppor the tooth sockets It forms when tooth erupts and disappears gradually after tooth loss
050323 50
1 Alveolar bone or1048708Cribiform plate1048708Alveolar wall1048708Lamina dura
2 Trabecular bone3 Compact bone
050323 51
050323 52
Periapical Radiograph of Maxillary Posterior
Region AC - alveolar crest LD - lamina duraPDL - periodontal ligament050323 53
050323 54
Silabus PeriodontiPeter F Pedi
Essentials of PeriodonticsPhilip M Hoag
Clinical periodontologyCarranza
050323 17
The attached gingiva lies between the free gingival groove and the alveolar mucosaThe junction of the attached gingiva and the alveolar mucosa is called mucogingival junctionIn healthy mouth attached gingiva shows stippling (orange-peel appearance) which is a characteristic of this type of mucosaFirm resilient tightly bound to underlying periosteum of the alveolar boneWidth of attached gingiva varies on facial aspects
050323 18
050323 19
Interdental papillae are those parts of gingival tissue that appear in-between teeth apical to the contact pointsConfirming to the shape of the interproximal contact area is a valley like depression in the interdental papilla called Col shape depends on contact points between adjoining teeth
050323 20
050323 21
050323 22
DrSyed Sadatullah King Khalid University
Diagram of positional relation of col in Diagram of positional relation of col in health and disease for canine health and disease for canine premolar and molarpremolar and molar
Col accentuated during inflammation (arrows)
050323 23
Stratified squamous epitheliumoral or outer epitheliumsulcular epithelium andjunctional epitheliumepithelial attachment
050323 24
CT gingival connective tissueES enamel spaceJE junctional epitheliumOE oral epitheliumSE sulcular epithelium
050323 25
The oral or outer epithelium covers the crest and outer surface of the marginal gingiva and the surface of the attached gingivaIt is keratinized or para keratinized The prevalent surfaces however is parakeratinized Keratinization of the oral mucosa palate (most keratinized) gingiva tongue and cheek (least keratinized)
050323 26
The sulcular epithelium lines the gingival sulcus It is a thin nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium without rete pegs and extends from the coronal limit of the junctional epithelium to the crest of the gingival margin The sulcular epithelium is extremely important because it may act as a semipermeable membrane through which injurious bacterial products pass into the gingiva and through which tissue fluid from the gingiva seeps into the sulcus
050323 27
Junctional epithelium forms the seal of the gingival epithelium and the toothIt forms the floor of the gingival sulcus and extends apically to the enamel of the toothDisturbances of epithelial attachment results in deepening of the sulcus which is a sign of gingivalperiodontal disease
050323 28
The attachment of the junctional epithelium to the tooth is reinforced by the gingival fibers For this reason both are considered a functional unit dentogingival unitTheir functions
junctional epithelium is firmly attached to the tooth surface forming an epithelial barrier against plaque bacteriait allows access of gingival fluid inflammatory
cells and components of the immunologic host defense to the gingival marginjunctional epithelial cells exhibit rapid turnover
which contributes to the host-parasite equilibrium and rapid repair of damaged tissue
050323 29
It can be represented as either a transudate or an exudateIt is potential use as a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker of the biologic state of the periodontium in health and diseaseIt is contains components of connective tissue epithelium inflammatory cells serum and microbial flora inhabiting the gingival margin or the sulcus (pocket)In the healthy sulcus the amount of the gingival fluid is very small During inflammation however the gingival fluid flow increasesThe main route of the gingival fluid diffusion is through the basement membrane through the relatively wide intracellular spaces of the junctional epithelium and then into the sulcus050323 30
The functions arecleanse material from the sulcuscontain plasma proteins that may improve adhesion of the epithelium to the toothpossess antimicrobial propertiesexert antibody activity to defend the gingival
050323 31
There are functions To brace the marginal gingiva firmly against the toothTo provide the rigidity necessary to withstand the forces of mastication without being deflected away from the tooth surfaceTo unite the free marginal gingiva with the cementum of the root and the adjacent attached gingivaThe gingival fibers are arranged in three groups gingivodental circular and transseptal
050323 32
Supraperiosteal arterioles
Vessels of the periodontal ligament
Arterioles that emerge from the crest septa
050323 33
ColorSizeContourConsistencyPosition
CORRELATION OF CLINICAL CORRELATION OF CLINICAL AND MICROSCOPIC FEATURESAND MICROSCOPIC FEATURES
050323 34
Produced by Vascular supply Thicknessdegree of keratinization of epithelium Presence of pigment-containing cells
050323 35
1 Healthy gingiva in the person young
2 Healthy lightly pigmented gingivabullAG is stippledbullThis pigmentattion results from the synthesis of melanin by melanocytes located in the basal layer of the epithelium (brown spots)
3 Healthy deeply pigmented gingivabullRecession in the mandibular anterior areabullThe alveolar crest is located ca2mm apical to CEJ1
050323 36
Follows a scalloped outline on facial and lingual surfaces
050323 37
firm resilienttightly bound to underlying bone (except for marginal gingiva)
050323 38
ndash feature of healthy gingiva however may be absent in healthy gingiva
ndash Stipplingbull attached gingiva_yesbull marginal gingiva_nondash Less prominent in lingual aspects
050323 39
the outer surface of gingiva is covered with a thick layer of keratinised sratified squamous epithelium with finger like projections [rete pegs] into the dense collagen underneath the strong attacment of collagen to epithelium between the rete pegs causes the gingiva to have a stippled surface when it is normal and not inflamed
050323 40
Connective tissue that surrounds the root and connect it to the bone continuous with connective tissue of gingiva
050323 41
050323 42
Principle Fibers of the Periodontal LigamentAC - alveolar crest fibersH - horizontal fibersOBL - oblique fibersPA - periapical fibersIR - interradicular fibers
050323 43
050323 44
Tooth supportShock absorber Withstanding the forces of masticationSensory receptor necessary for proper positioning of the jawNutritive blood vessels provide the essential nutrients to the vitality of the PDL
050323 45
It is a hard avascular connective tissue that covers the roots of teeth
050323 46
Cementum is more resistant to resorption Important in permitting orthodontic tooth movement
050323 47
050323 48
050323 49
the portion of the maxilla and mandible that forms and suppor the tooth sockets It forms when tooth erupts and disappears gradually after tooth loss
050323 50
1 Alveolar bone or1048708Cribiform plate1048708Alveolar wall1048708Lamina dura
2 Trabecular bone3 Compact bone
050323 51
050323 52
Periapical Radiograph of Maxillary Posterior
Region AC - alveolar crest LD - lamina duraPDL - periodontal ligament050323 53
050323 54
Silabus PeriodontiPeter F Pedi
Essentials of PeriodonticsPhilip M Hoag
Clinical periodontologyCarranza
The attached gingiva lies between the free gingival groove and the alveolar mucosaThe junction of the attached gingiva and the alveolar mucosa is called mucogingival junctionIn healthy mouth attached gingiva shows stippling (orange-peel appearance) which is a characteristic of this type of mucosaFirm resilient tightly bound to underlying periosteum of the alveolar boneWidth of attached gingiva varies on facial aspects
050323 18
050323 19
Interdental papillae are those parts of gingival tissue that appear in-between teeth apical to the contact pointsConfirming to the shape of the interproximal contact area is a valley like depression in the interdental papilla called Col shape depends on contact points between adjoining teeth
050323 20
050323 21
050323 22
DrSyed Sadatullah King Khalid University
Diagram of positional relation of col in Diagram of positional relation of col in health and disease for canine health and disease for canine premolar and molarpremolar and molar
Col accentuated during inflammation (arrows)
050323 23
Stratified squamous epitheliumoral or outer epitheliumsulcular epithelium andjunctional epitheliumepithelial attachment
050323 24
CT gingival connective tissueES enamel spaceJE junctional epitheliumOE oral epitheliumSE sulcular epithelium
050323 25
The oral or outer epithelium covers the crest and outer surface of the marginal gingiva and the surface of the attached gingivaIt is keratinized or para keratinized The prevalent surfaces however is parakeratinized Keratinization of the oral mucosa palate (most keratinized) gingiva tongue and cheek (least keratinized)
050323 26
The sulcular epithelium lines the gingival sulcus It is a thin nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium without rete pegs and extends from the coronal limit of the junctional epithelium to the crest of the gingival margin The sulcular epithelium is extremely important because it may act as a semipermeable membrane through which injurious bacterial products pass into the gingiva and through which tissue fluid from the gingiva seeps into the sulcus
050323 27
Junctional epithelium forms the seal of the gingival epithelium and the toothIt forms the floor of the gingival sulcus and extends apically to the enamel of the toothDisturbances of epithelial attachment results in deepening of the sulcus which is a sign of gingivalperiodontal disease
050323 28
The attachment of the junctional epithelium to the tooth is reinforced by the gingival fibers For this reason both are considered a functional unit dentogingival unitTheir functions
junctional epithelium is firmly attached to the tooth surface forming an epithelial barrier against plaque bacteriait allows access of gingival fluid inflammatory
cells and components of the immunologic host defense to the gingival marginjunctional epithelial cells exhibit rapid turnover
which contributes to the host-parasite equilibrium and rapid repair of damaged tissue
050323 29
It can be represented as either a transudate or an exudateIt is potential use as a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker of the biologic state of the periodontium in health and diseaseIt is contains components of connective tissue epithelium inflammatory cells serum and microbial flora inhabiting the gingival margin or the sulcus (pocket)In the healthy sulcus the amount of the gingival fluid is very small During inflammation however the gingival fluid flow increasesThe main route of the gingival fluid diffusion is through the basement membrane through the relatively wide intracellular spaces of the junctional epithelium and then into the sulcus050323 30
The functions arecleanse material from the sulcuscontain plasma proteins that may improve adhesion of the epithelium to the toothpossess antimicrobial propertiesexert antibody activity to defend the gingival
050323 31
There are functions To brace the marginal gingiva firmly against the toothTo provide the rigidity necessary to withstand the forces of mastication without being deflected away from the tooth surfaceTo unite the free marginal gingiva with the cementum of the root and the adjacent attached gingivaThe gingival fibers are arranged in three groups gingivodental circular and transseptal
050323 32
Supraperiosteal arterioles
Vessels of the periodontal ligament
Arterioles that emerge from the crest septa
050323 33
ColorSizeContourConsistencyPosition
CORRELATION OF CLINICAL CORRELATION OF CLINICAL AND MICROSCOPIC FEATURESAND MICROSCOPIC FEATURES
050323 34
Produced by Vascular supply Thicknessdegree of keratinization of epithelium Presence of pigment-containing cells
050323 35
1 Healthy gingiva in the person young
2 Healthy lightly pigmented gingivabullAG is stippledbullThis pigmentattion results from the synthesis of melanin by melanocytes located in the basal layer of the epithelium (brown spots)
3 Healthy deeply pigmented gingivabullRecession in the mandibular anterior areabullThe alveolar crest is located ca2mm apical to CEJ1
050323 36
Follows a scalloped outline on facial and lingual surfaces
050323 37
firm resilienttightly bound to underlying bone (except for marginal gingiva)
050323 38
ndash feature of healthy gingiva however may be absent in healthy gingiva
ndash Stipplingbull attached gingiva_yesbull marginal gingiva_nondash Less prominent in lingual aspects
050323 39
the outer surface of gingiva is covered with a thick layer of keratinised sratified squamous epithelium with finger like projections [rete pegs] into the dense collagen underneath the strong attacment of collagen to epithelium between the rete pegs causes the gingiva to have a stippled surface when it is normal and not inflamed
050323 40
Connective tissue that surrounds the root and connect it to the bone continuous with connective tissue of gingiva
050323 41
050323 42
Principle Fibers of the Periodontal LigamentAC - alveolar crest fibersH - horizontal fibersOBL - oblique fibersPA - periapical fibersIR - interradicular fibers
050323 43
050323 44
Tooth supportShock absorber Withstanding the forces of masticationSensory receptor necessary for proper positioning of the jawNutritive blood vessels provide the essential nutrients to the vitality of the PDL
050323 45
It is a hard avascular connective tissue that covers the roots of teeth
050323 46
Cementum is more resistant to resorption Important in permitting orthodontic tooth movement
050323 47
050323 48
050323 49
the portion of the maxilla and mandible that forms and suppor the tooth sockets It forms when tooth erupts and disappears gradually after tooth loss
050323 50
1 Alveolar bone or1048708Cribiform plate1048708Alveolar wall1048708Lamina dura
2 Trabecular bone3 Compact bone
050323 51
050323 52
Periapical Radiograph of Maxillary Posterior
Region AC - alveolar crest LD - lamina duraPDL - periodontal ligament050323 53
050323 54
Silabus PeriodontiPeter F Pedi
Essentials of PeriodonticsPhilip M Hoag
Clinical periodontologyCarranza
050323 19
Interdental papillae are those parts of gingival tissue that appear in-between teeth apical to the contact pointsConfirming to the shape of the interproximal contact area is a valley like depression in the interdental papilla called Col shape depends on contact points between adjoining teeth
050323 20
050323 21
050323 22
DrSyed Sadatullah King Khalid University
Diagram of positional relation of col in Diagram of positional relation of col in health and disease for canine health and disease for canine premolar and molarpremolar and molar
Col accentuated during inflammation (arrows)
050323 23
Stratified squamous epitheliumoral or outer epitheliumsulcular epithelium andjunctional epitheliumepithelial attachment
050323 24
CT gingival connective tissueES enamel spaceJE junctional epitheliumOE oral epitheliumSE sulcular epithelium
050323 25
The oral or outer epithelium covers the crest and outer surface of the marginal gingiva and the surface of the attached gingivaIt is keratinized or para keratinized The prevalent surfaces however is parakeratinized Keratinization of the oral mucosa palate (most keratinized) gingiva tongue and cheek (least keratinized)
050323 26
The sulcular epithelium lines the gingival sulcus It is a thin nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium without rete pegs and extends from the coronal limit of the junctional epithelium to the crest of the gingival margin The sulcular epithelium is extremely important because it may act as a semipermeable membrane through which injurious bacterial products pass into the gingiva and through which tissue fluid from the gingiva seeps into the sulcus
050323 27
Junctional epithelium forms the seal of the gingival epithelium and the toothIt forms the floor of the gingival sulcus and extends apically to the enamel of the toothDisturbances of epithelial attachment results in deepening of the sulcus which is a sign of gingivalperiodontal disease
050323 28
The attachment of the junctional epithelium to the tooth is reinforced by the gingival fibers For this reason both are considered a functional unit dentogingival unitTheir functions
junctional epithelium is firmly attached to the tooth surface forming an epithelial barrier against plaque bacteriait allows access of gingival fluid inflammatory
cells and components of the immunologic host defense to the gingival marginjunctional epithelial cells exhibit rapid turnover
which contributes to the host-parasite equilibrium and rapid repair of damaged tissue
050323 29
It can be represented as either a transudate or an exudateIt is potential use as a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker of the biologic state of the periodontium in health and diseaseIt is contains components of connective tissue epithelium inflammatory cells serum and microbial flora inhabiting the gingival margin or the sulcus (pocket)In the healthy sulcus the amount of the gingival fluid is very small During inflammation however the gingival fluid flow increasesThe main route of the gingival fluid diffusion is through the basement membrane through the relatively wide intracellular spaces of the junctional epithelium and then into the sulcus050323 30
The functions arecleanse material from the sulcuscontain plasma proteins that may improve adhesion of the epithelium to the toothpossess antimicrobial propertiesexert antibody activity to defend the gingival
050323 31
There are functions To brace the marginal gingiva firmly against the toothTo provide the rigidity necessary to withstand the forces of mastication without being deflected away from the tooth surfaceTo unite the free marginal gingiva with the cementum of the root and the adjacent attached gingivaThe gingival fibers are arranged in three groups gingivodental circular and transseptal
050323 32
Supraperiosteal arterioles
Vessels of the periodontal ligament
Arterioles that emerge from the crest septa
050323 33
ColorSizeContourConsistencyPosition
CORRELATION OF CLINICAL CORRELATION OF CLINICAL AND MICROSCOPIC FEATURESAND MICROSCOPIC FEATURES
050323 34
Produced by Vascular supply Thicknessdegree of keratinization of epithelium Presence of pigment-containing cells
050323 35
1 Healthy gingiva in the person young
2 Healthy lightly pigmented gingivabullAG is stippledbullThis pigmentattion results from the synthesis of melanin by melanocytes located in the basal layer of the epithelium (brown spots)
3 Healthy deeply pigmented gingivabullRecession in the mandibular anterior areabullThe alveolar crest is located ca2mm apical to CEJ1
050323 36
Follows a scalloped outline on facial and lingual surfaces
050323 37
firm resilienttightly bound to underlying bone (except for marginal gingiva)
050323 38
ndash feature of healthy gingiva however may be absent in healthy gingiva
ndash Stipplingbull attached gingiva_yesbull marginal gingiva_nondash Less prominent in lingual aspects
050323 39
the outer surface of gingiva is covered with a thick layer of keratinised sratified squamous epithelium with finger like projections [rete pegs] into the dense collagen underneath the strong attacment of collagen to epithelium between the rete pegs causes the gingiva to have a stippled surface when it is normal and not inflamed
050323 40
Connective tissue that surrounds the root and connect it to the bone continuous with connective tissue of gingiva
050323 41
050323 42
Principle Fibers of the Periodontal LigamentAC - alveolar crest fibersH - horizontal fibersOBL - oblique fibersPA - periapical fibersIR - interradicular fibers
050323 43
050323 44
Tooth supportShock absorber Withstanding the forces of masticationSensory receptor necessary for proper positioning of the jawNutritive blood vessels provide the essential nutrients to the vitality of the PDL
050323 45
It is a hard avascular connective tissue that covers the roots of teeth
050323 46
Cementum is more resistant to resorption Important in permitting orthodontic tooth movement
050323 47
050323 48
050323 49
the portion of the maxilla and mandible that forms and suppor the tooth sockets It forms when tooth erupts and disappears gradually after tooth loss
050323 50
1 Alveolar bone or1048708Cribiform plate1048708Alveolar wall1048708Lamina dura
2 Trabecular bone3 Compact bone
050323 51
050323 52
Periapical Radiograph of Maxillary Posterior
Region AC - alveolar crest LD - lamina duraPDL - periodontal ligament050323 53
050323 54
Silabus PeriodontiPeter F Pedi
Essentials of PeriodonticsPhilip M Hoag
Clinical periodontologyCarranza
Interdental papillae are those parts of gingival tissue that appear in-between teeth apical to the contact pointsConfirming to the shape of the interproximal contact area is a valley like depression in the interdental papilla called Col shape depends on contact points between adjoining teeth
050323 20
050323 21
050323 22
DrSyed Sadatullah King Khalid University
Diagram of positional relation of col in Diagram of positional relation of col in health and disease for canine health and disease for canine premolar and molarpremolar and molar
Col accentuated during inflammation (arrows)
050323 23
Stratified squamous epitheliumoral or outer epitheliumsulcular epithelium andjunctional epitheliumepithelial attachment
050323 24
CT gingival connective tissueES enamel spaceJE junctional epitheliumOE oral epitheliumSE sulcular epithelium
050323 25
The oral or outer epithelium covers the crest and outer surface of the marginal gingiva and the surface of the attached gingivaIt is keratinized or para keratinized The prevalent surfaces however is parakeratinized Keratinization of the oral mucosa palate (most keratinized) gingiva tongue and cheek (least keratinized)
050323 26
The sulcular epithelium lines the gingival sulcus It is a thin nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium without rete pegs and extends from the coronal limit of the junctional epithelium to the crest of the gingival margin The sulcular epithelium is extremely important because it may act as a semipermeable membrane through which injurious bacterial products pass into the gingiva and through which tissue fluid from the gingiva seeps into the sulcus
050323 27
Junctional epithelium forms the seal of the gingival epithelium and the toothIt forms the floor of the gingival sulcus and extends apically to the enamel of the toothDisturbances of epithelial attachment results in deepening of the sulcus which is a sign of gingivalperiodontal disease
050323 28
The attachment of the junctional epithelium to the tooth is reinforced by the gingival fibers For this reason both are considered a functional unit dentogingival unitTheir functions
junctional epithelium is firmly attached to the tooth surface forming an epithelial barrier against plaque bacteriait allows access of gingival fluid inflammatory
cells and components of the immunologic host defense to the gingival marginjunctional epithelial cells exhibit rapid turnover
which contributes to the host-parasite equilibrium and rapid repair of damaged tissue
050323 29
It can be represented as either a transudate or an exudateIt is potential use as a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker of the biologic state of the periodontium in health and diseaseIt is contains components of connective tissue epithelium inflammatory cells serum and microbial flora inhabiting the gingival margin or the sulcus (pocket)In the healthy sulcus the amount of the gingival fluid is very small During inflammation however the gingival fluid flow increasesThe main route of the gingival fluid diffusion is through the basement membrane through the relatively wide intracellular spaces of the junctional epithelium and then into the sulcus050323 30
The functions arecleanse material from the sulcuscontain plasma proteins that may improve adhesion of the epithelium to the toothpossess antimicrobial propertiesexert antibody activity to defend the gingival
050323 31
There are functions To brace the marginal gingiva firmly against the toothTo provide the rigidity necessary to withstand the forces of mastication without being deflected away from the tooth surfaceTo unite the free marginal gingiva with the cementum of the root and the adjacent attached gingivaThe gingival fibers are arranged in three groups gingivodental circular and transseptal
050323 32
Supraperiosteal arterioles
Vessels of the periodontal ligament
Arterioles that emerge from the crest septa
050323 33
ColorSizeContourConsistencyPosition
CORRELATION OF CLINICAL CORRELATION OF CLINICAL AND MICROSCOPIC FEATURESAND MICROSCOPIC FEATURES
050323 34
Produced by Vascular supply Thicknessdegree of keratinization of epithelium Presence of pigment-containing cells
050323 35
1 Healthy gingiva in the person young
2 Healthy lightly pigmented gingivabullAG is stippledbullThis pigmentattion results from the synthesis of melanin by melanocytes located in the basal layer of the epithelium (brown spots)
3 Healthy deeply pigmented gingivabullRecession in the mandibular anterior areabullThe alveolar crest is located ca2mm apical to CEJ1
050323 36
Follows a scalloped outline on facial and lingual surfaces
050323 37
firm resilienttightly bound to underlying bone (except for marginal gingiva)
050323 38
ndash feature of healthy gingiva however may be absent in healthy gingiva
ndash Stipplingbull attached gingiva_yesbull marginal gingiva_nondash Less prominent in lingual aspects
050323 39
the outer surface of gingiva is covered with a thick layer of keratinised sratified squamous epithelium with finger like projections [rete pegs] into the dense collagen underneath the strong attacment of collagen to epithelium between the rete pegs causes the gingiva to have a stippled surface when it is normal and not inflamed
050323 40
Connective tissue that surrounds the root and connect it to the bone continuous with connective tissue of gingiva
050323 41
050323 42
Principle Fibers of the Periodontal LigamentAC - alveolar crest fibersH - horizontal fibersOBL - oblique fibersPA - periapical fibersIR - interradicular fibers
050323 43
050323 44
Tooth supportShock absorber Withstanding the forces of masticationSensory receptor necessary for proper positioning of the jawNutritive blood vessels provide the essential nutrients to the vitality of the PDL
050323 45
It is a hard avascular connective tissue that covers the roots of teeth
050323 46
Cementum is more resistant to resorption Important in permitting orthodontic tooth movement
050323 47
050323 48
050323 49
the portion of the maxilla and mandible that forms and suppor the tooth sockets It forms when tooth erupts and disappears gradually after tooth loss
050323 50
1 Alveolar bone or1048708Cribiform plate1048708Alveolar wall1048708Lamina dura
2 Trabecular bone3 Compact bone
050323 51
050323 52
Periapical Radiograph of Maxillary Posterior
Region AC - alveolar crest LD - lamina duraPDL - periodontal ligament050323 53
050323 54
Silabus PeriodontiPeter F Pedi
Essentials of PeriodonticsPhilip M Hoag
Clinical periodontologyCarranza
050323 21
050323 22
DrSyed Sadatullah King Khalid University
Diagram of positional relation of col in Diagram of positional relation of col in health and disease for canine health and disease for canine premolar and molarpremolar and molar
Col accentuated during inflammation (arrows)
050323 23
Stratified squamous epitheliumoral or outer epitheliumsulcular epithelium andjunctional epitheliumepithelial attachment
050323 24
CT gingival connective tissueES enamel spaceJE junctional epitheliumOE oral epitheliumSE sulcular epithelium
050323 25
The oral or outer epithelium covers the crest and outer surface of the marginal gingiva and the surface of the attached gingivaIt is keratinized or para keratinized The prevalent surfaces however is parakeratinized Keratinization of the oral mucosa palate (most keratinized) gingiva tongue and cheek (least keratinized)
050323 26
The sulcular epithelium lines the gingival sulcus It is a thin nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium without rete pegs and extends from the coronal limit of the junctional epithelium to the crest of the gingival margin The sulcular epithelium is extremely important because it may act as a semipermeable membrane through which injurious bacterial products pass into the gingiva and through which tissue fluid from the gingiva seeps into the sulcus
050323 27
Junctional epithelium forms the seal of the gingival epithelium and the toothIt forms the floor of the gingival sulcus and extends apically to the enamel of the toothDisturbances of epithelial attachment results in deepening of the sulcus which is a sign of gingivalperiodontal disease
050323 28
The attachment of the junctional epithelium to the tooth is reinforced by the gingival fibers For this reason both are considered a functional unit dentogingival unitTheir functions
junctional epithelium is firmly attached to the tooth surface forming an epithelial barrier against plaque bacteriait allows access of gingival fluid inflammatory
cells and components of the immunologic host defense to the gingival marginjunctional epithelial cells exhibit rapid turnover
which contributes to the host-parasite equilibrium and rapid repair of damaged tissue
050323 29
It can be represented as either a transudate or an exudateIt is potential use as a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker of the biologic state of the periodontium in health and diseaseIt is contains components of connective tissue epithelium inflammatory cells serum and microbial flora inhabiting the gingival margin or the sulcus (pocket)In the healthy sulcus the amount of the gingival fluid is very small During inflammation however the gingival fluid flow increasesThe main route of the gingival fluid diffusion is through the basement membrane through the relatively wide intracellular spaces of the junctional epithelium and then into the sulcus050323 30
The functions arecleanse material from the sulcuscontain plasma proteins that may improve adhesion of the epithelium to the toothpossess antimicrobial propertiesexert antibody activity to defend the gingival
050323 31
There are functions To brace the marginal gingiva firmly against the toothTo provide the rigidity necessary to withstand the forces of mastication without being deflected away from the tooth surfaceTo unite the free marginal gingiva with the cementum of the root and the adjacent attached gingivaThe gingival fibers are arranged in three groups gingivodental circular and transseptal
050323 32
Supraperiosteal arterioles
Vessels of the periodontal ligament
Arterioles that emerge from the crest septa
050323 33
ColorSizeContourConsistencyPosition
CORRELATION OF CLINICAL CORRELATION OF CLINICAL AND MICROSCOPIC FEATURESAND MICROSCOPIC FEATURES
050323 34
Produced by Vascular supply Thicknessdegree of keratinization of epithelium Presence of pigment-containing cells
050323 35
1 Healthy gingiva in the person young
2 Healthy lightly pigmented gingivabullAG is stippledbullThis pigmentattion results from the synthesis of melanin by melanocytes located in the basal layer of the epithelium (brown spots)
3 Healthy deeply pigmented gingivabullRecession in the mandibular anterior areabullThe alveolar crest is located ca2mm apical to CEJ1
050323 36
Follows a scalloped outline on facial and lingual surfaces
050323 37
firm resilienttightly bound to underlying bone (except for marginal gingiva)
050323 38
ndash feature of healthy gingiva however may be absent in healthy gingiva
ndash Stipplingbull attached gingiva_yesbull marginal gingiva_nondash Less prominent in lingual aspects
050323 39
the outer surface of gingiva is covered with a thick layer of keratinised sratified squamous epithelium with finger like projections [rete pegs] into the dense collagen underneath the strong attacment of collagen to epithelium between the rete pegs causes the gingiva to have a stippled surface when it is normal and not inflamed
050323 40
Connective tissue that surrounds the root and connect it to the bone continuous with connective tissue of gingiva
050323 41
050323 42
Principle Fibers of the Periodontal LigamentAC - alveolar crest fibersH - horizontal fibersOBL - oblique fibersPA - periapical fibersIR - interradicular fibers
050323 43
050323 44
Tooth supportShock absorber Withstanding the forces of masticationSensory receptor necessary for proper positioning of the jawNutritive blood vessels provide the essential nutrients to the vitality of the PDL
050323 45
It is a hard avascular connective tissue that covers the roots of teeth
050323 46
Cementum is more resistant to resorption Important in permitting orthodontic tooth movement
050323 47
050323 48
050323 49
the portion of the maxilla and mandible that forms and suppor the tooth sockets It forms when tooth erupts and disappears gradually after tooth loss
050323 50
1 Alveolar bone or1048708Cribiform plate1048708Alveolar wall1048708Lamina dura
2 Trabecular bone3 Compact bone
050323 51
050323 52
Periapical Radiograph of Maxillary Posterior
Region AC - alveolar crest LD - lamina duraPDL - periodontal ligament050323 53
050323 54
Silabus PeriodontiPeter F Pedi
Essentials of PeriodonticsPhilip M Hoag
Clinical periodontologyCarranza
050323 22
DrSyed Sadatullah King Khalid University
Diagram of positional relation of col in Diagram of positional relation of col in health and disease for canine health and disease for canine premolar and molarpremolar and molar
Col accentuated during inflammation (arrows)
050323 23
Stratified squamous epitheliumoral or outer epitheliumsulcular epithelium andjunctional epitheliumepithelial attachment
050323 24
CT gingival connective tissueES enamel spaceJE junctional epitheliumOE oral epitheliumSE sulcular epithelium
050323 25
The oral or outer epithelium covers the crest and outer surface of the marginal gingiva and the surface of the attached gingivaIt is keratinized or para keratinized The prevalent surfaces however is parakeratinized Keratinization of the oral mucosa palate (most keratinized) gingiva tongue and cheek (least keratinized)
050323 26
The sulcular epithelium lines the gingival sulcus It is a thin nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium without rete pegs and extends from the coronal limit of the junctional epithelium to the crest of the gingival margin The sulcular epithelium is extremely important because it may act as a semipermeable membrane through which injurious bacterial products pass into the gingiva and through which tissue fluid from the gingiva seeps into the sulcus
050323 27
Junctional epithelium forms the seal of the gingival epithelium and the toothIt forms the floor of the gingival sulcus and extends apically to the enamel of the toothDisturbances of epithelial attachment results in deepening of the sulcus which is a sign of gingivalperiodontal disease
050323 28
The attachment of the junctional epithelium to the tooth is reinforced by the gingival fibers For this reason both are considered a functional unit dentogingival unitTheir functions
junctional epithelium is firmly attached to the tooth surface forming an epithelial barrier against plaque bacteriait allows access of gingival fluid inflammatory
cells and components of the immunologic host defense to the gingival marginjunctional epithelial cells exhibit rapid turnover
which contributes to the host-parasite equilibrium and rapid repair of damaged tissue
050323 29
It can be represented as either a transudate or an exudateIt is potential use as a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker of the biologic state of the periodontium in health and diseaseIt is contains components of connective tissue epithelium inflammatory cells serum and microbial flora inhabiting the gingival margin or the sulcus (pocket)In the healthy sulcus the amount of the gingival fluid is very small During inflammation however the gingival fluid flow increasesThe main route of the gingival fluid diffusion is through the basement membrane through the relatively wide intracellular spaces of the junctional epithelium and then into the sulcus050323 30
The functions arecleanse material from the sulcuscontain plasma proteins that may improve adhesion of the epithelium to the toothpossess antimicrobial propertiesexert antibody activity to defend the gingival
050323 31
There are functions To brace the marginal gingiva firmly against the toothTo provide the rigidity necessary to withstand the forces of mastication without being deflected away from the tooth surfaceTo unite the free marginal gingiva with the cementum of the root and the adjacent attached gingivaThe gingival fibers are arranged in three groups gingivodental circular and transseptal
050323 32
Supraperiosteal arterioles
Vessels of the periodontal ligament
Arterioles that emerge from the crest septa
050323 33
ColorSizeContourConsistencyPosition
CORRELATION OF CLINICAL CORRELATION OF CLINICAL AND MICROSCOPIC FEATURESAND MICROSCOPIC FEATURES
050323 34
Produced by Vascular supply Thicknessdegree of keratinization of epithelium Presence of pigment-containing cells
050323 35
1 Healthy gingiva in the person young
2 Healthy lightly pigmented gingivabullAG is stippledbullThis pigmentattion results from the synthesis of melanin by melanocytes located in the basal layer of the epithelium (brown spots)
3 Healthy deeply pigmented gingivabullRecession in the mandibular anterior areabullThe alveolar crest is located ca2mm apical to CEJ1
050323 36
Follows a scalloped outline on facial and lingual surfaces
050323 37
firm resilienttightly bound to underlying bone (except for marginal gingiva)
050323 38
ndash feature of healthy gingiva however may be absent in healthy gingiva
ndash Stipplingbull attached gingiva_yesbull marginal gingiva_nondash Less prominent in lingual aspects
050323 39
the outer surface of gingiva is covered with a thick layer of keratinised sratified squamous epithelium with finger like projections [rete pegs] into the dense collagen underneath the strong attacment of collagen to epithelium between the rete pegs causes the gingiva to have a stippled surface when it is normal and not inflamed
050323 40
Connective tissue that surrounds the root and connect it to the bone continuous with connective tissue of gingiva
050323 41
050323 42
Principle Fibers of the Periodontal LigamentAC - alveolar crest fibersH - horizontal fibersOBL - oblique fibersPA - periapical fibersIR - interradicular fibers
050323 43
050323 44
Tooth supportShock absorber Withstanding the forces of masticationSensory receptor necessary for proper positioning of the jawNutritive blood vessels provide the essential nutrients to the vitality of the PDL
050323 45
It is a hard avascular connective tissue that covers the roots of teeth
050323 46
Cementum is more resistant to resorption Important in permitting orthodontic tooth movement
050323 47
050323 48
050323 49
the portion of the maxilla and mandible that forms and suppor the tooth sockets It forms when tooth erupts and disappears gradually after tooth loss
050323 50
1 Alveolar bone or1048708Cribiform plate1048708Alveolar wall1048708Lamina dura
2 Trabecular bone3 Compact bone
050323 51
050323 52
Periapical Radiograph of Maxillary Posterior
Region AC - alveolar crest LD - lamina duraPDL - periodontal ligament050323 53
050323 54
Silabus PeriodontiPeter F Pedi
Essentials of PeriodonticsPhilip M Hoag
Clinical periodontologyCarranza
DrSyed Sadatullah King Khalid University
Diagram of positional relation of col in Diagram of positional relation of col in health and disease for canine health and disease for canine premolar and molarpremolar and molar
Col accentuated during inflammation (arrows)
050323 23
Stratified squamous epitheliumoral or outer epitheliumsulcular epithelium andjunctional epitheliumepithelial attachment
050323 24
CT gingival connective tissueES enamel spaceJE junctional epitheliumOE oral epitheliumSE sulcular epithelium
050323 25
The oral or outer epithelium covers the crest and outer surface of the marginal gingiva and the surface of the attached gingivaIt is keratinized or para keratinized The prevalent surfaces however is parakeratinized Keratinization of the oral mucosa palate (most keratinized) gingiva tongue and cheek (least keratinized)
050323 26
The sulcular epithelium lines the gingival sulcus It is a thin nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium without rete pegs and extends from the coronal limit of the junctional epithelium to the crest of the gingival margin The sulcular epithelium is extremely important because it may act as a semipermeable membrane through which injurious bacterial products pass into the gingiva and through which tissue fluid from the gingiva seeps into the sulcus
050323 27
Junctional epithelium forms the seal of the gingival epithelium and the toothIt forms the floor of the gingival sulcus and extends apically to the enamel of the toothDisturbances of epithelial attachment results in deepening of the sulcus which is a sign of gingivalperiodontal disease
050323 28
The attachment of the junctional epithelium to the tooth is reinforced by the gingival fibers For this reason both are considered a functional unit dentogingival unitTheir functions
junctional epithelium is firmly attached to the tooth surface forming an epithelial barrier against plaque bacteriait allows access of gingival fluid inflammatory
cells and components of the immunologic host defense to the gingival marginjunctional epithelial cells exhibit rapid turnover
which contributes to the host-parasite equilibrium and rapid repair of damaged tissue
050323 29
It can be represented as either a transudate or an exudateIt is potential use as a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker of the biologic state of the periodontium in health and diseaseIt is contains components of connective tissue epithelium inflammatory cells serum and microbial flora inhabiting the gingival margin or the sulcus (pocket)In the healthy sulcus the amount of the gingival fluid is very small During inflammation however the gingival fluid flow increasesThe main route of the gingival fluid diffusion is through the basement membrane through the relatively wide intracellular spaces of the junctional epithelium and then into the sulcus050323 30
The functions arecleanse material from the sulcuscontain plasma proteins that may improve adhesion of the epithelium to the toothpossess antimicrobial propertiesexert antibody activity to defend the gingival
050323 31
There are functions To brace the marginal gingiva firmly against the toothTo provide the rigidity necessary to withstand the forces of mastication without being deflected away from the tooth surfaceTo unite the free marginal gingiva with the cementum of the root and the adjacent attached gingivaThe gingival fibers are arranged in three groups gingivodental circular and transseptal
050323 32
Supraperiosteal arterioles
Vessels of the periodontal ligament
Arterioles that emerge from the crest septa
050323 33
ColorSizeContourConsistencyPosition
CORRELATION OF CLINICAL CORRELATION OF CLINICAL AND MICROSCOPIC FEATURESAND MICROSCOPIC FEATURES
050323 34
Produced by Vascular supply Thicknessdegree of keratinization of epithelium Presence of pigment-containing cells
050323 35
1 Healthy gingiva in the person young
2 Healthy lightly pigmented gingivabullAG is stippledbullThis pigmentattion results from the synthesis of melanin by melanocytes located in the basal layer of the epithelium (brown spots)
3 Healthy deeply pigmented gingivabullRecession in the mandibular anterior areabullThe alveolar crest is located ca2mm apical to CEJ1
050323 36
Follows a scalloped outline on facial and lingual surfaces
050323 37
firm resilienttightly bound to underlying bone (except for marginal gingiva)
050323 38
ndash feature of healthy gingiva however may be absent in healthy gingiva
ndash Stipplingbull attached gingiva_yesbull marginal gingiva_nondash Less prominent in lingual aspects
050323 39
the outer surface of gingiva is covered with a thick layer of keratinised sratified squamous epithelium with finger like projections [rete pegs] into the dense collagen underneath the strong attacment of collagen to epithelium between the rete pegs causes the gingiva to have a stippled surface when it is normal and not inflamed
050323 40
Connective tissue that surrounds the root and connect it to the bone continuous with connective tissue of gingiva
050323 41
050323 42
Principle Fibers of the Periodontal LigamentAC - alveolar crest fibersH - horizontal fibersOBL - oblique fibersPA - periapical fibersIR - interradicular fibers
050323 43
050323 44
Tooth supportShock absorber Withstanding the forces of masticationSensory receptor necessary for proper positioning of the jawNutritive blood vessels provide the essential nutrients to the vitality of the PDL
050323 45
It is a hard avascular connective tissue that covers the roots of teeth
050323 46
Cementum is more resistant to resorption Important in permitting orthodontic tooth movement
050323 47
050323 48
050323 49
the portion of the maxilla and mandible that forms and suppor the tooth sockets It forms when tooth erupts and disappears gradually after tooth loss
050323 50
1 Alveolar bone or1048708Cribiform plate1048708Alveolar wall1048708Lamina dura
2 Trabecular bone3 Compact bone
050323 51
050323 52
Periapical Radiograph of Maxillary Posterior
Region AC - alveolar crest LD - lamina duraPDL - periodontal ligament050323 53
050323 54
Silabus PeriodontiPeter F Pedi
Essentials of PeriodonticsPhilip M Hoag
Clinical periodontologyCarranza
Stratified squamous epitheliumoral or outer epitheliumsulcular epithelium andjunctional epitheliumepithelial attachment
050323 24
CT gingival connective tissueES enamel spaceJE junctional epitheliumOE oral epitheliumSE sulcular epithelium
050323 25
The oral or outer epithelium covers the crest and outer surface of the marginal gingiva and the surface of the attached gingivaIt is keratinized or para keratinized The prevalent surfaces however is parakeratinized Keratinization of the oral mucosa palate (most keratinized) gingiva tongue and cheek (least keratinized)
050323 26
The sulcular epithelium lines the gingival sulcus It is a thin nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium without rete pegs and extends from the coronal limit of the junctional epithelium to the crest of the gingival margin The sulcular epithelium is extremely important because it may act as a semipermeable membrane through which injurious bacterial products pass into the gingiva and through which tissue fluid from the gingiva seeps into the sulcus
050323 27
Junctional epithelium forms the seal of the gingival epithelium and the toothIt forms the floor of the gingival sulcus and extends apically to the enamel of the toothDisturbances of epithelial attachment results in deepening of the sulcus which is a sign of gingivalperiodontal disease
050323 28
The attachment of the junctional epithelium to the tooth is reinforced by the gingival fibers For this reason both are considered a functional unit dentogingival unitTheir functions
junctional epithelium is firmly attached to the tooth surface forming an epithelial barrier against plaque bacteriait allows access of gingival fluid inflammatory
cells and components of the immunologic host defense to the gingival marginjunctional epithelial cells exhibit rapid turnover
which contributes to the host-parasite equilibrium and rapid repair of damaged tissue
050323 29
It can be represented as either a transudate or an exudateIt is potential use as a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker of the biologic state of the periodontium in health and diseaseIt is contains components of connective tissue epithelium inflammatory cells serum and microbial flora inhabiting the gingival margin or the sulcus (pocket)In the healthy sulcus the amount of the gingival fluid is very small During inflammation however the gingival fluid flow increasesThe main route of the gingival fluid diffusion is through the basement membrane through the relatively wide intracellular spaces of the junctional epithelium and then into the sulcus050323 30
The functions arecleanse material from the sulcuscontain plasma proteins that may improve adhesion of the epithelium to the toothpossess antimicrobial propertiesexert antibody activity to defend the gingival
050323 31
There are functions To brace the marginal gingiva firmly against the toothTo provide the rigidity necessary to withstand the forces of mastication without being deflected away from the tooth surfaceTo unite the free marginal gingiva with the cementum of the root and the adjacent attached gingivaThe gingival fibers are arranged in three groups gingivodental circular and transseptal
050323 32
Supraperiosteal arterioles
Vessels of the periodontal ligament
Arterioles that emerge from the crest septa
050323 33
ColorSizeContourConsistencyPosition
CORRELATION OF CLINICAL CORRELATION OF CLINICAL AND MICROSCOPIC FEATURESAND MICROSCOPIC FEATURES
050323 34
Produced by Vascular supply Thicknessdegree of keratinization of epithelium Presence of pigment-containing cells
050323 35
1 Healthy gingiva in the person young
2 Healthy lightly pigmented gingivabullAG is stippledbullThis pigmentattion results from the synthesis of melanin by melanocytes located in the basal layer of the epithelium (brown spots)
3 Healthy deeply pigmented gingivabullRecession in the mandibular anterior areabullThe alveolar crest is located ca2mm apical to CEJ1
050323 36
Follows a scalloped outline on facial and lingual surfaces
050323 37
firm resilienttightly bound to underlying bone (except for marginal gingiva)
050323 38
ndash feature of healthy gingiva however may be absent in healthy gingiva
ndash Stipplingbull attached gingiva_yesbull marginal gingiva_nondash Less prominent in lingual aspects
050323 39
the outer surface of gingiva is covered with a thick layer of keratinised sratified squamous epithelium with finger like projections [rete pegs] into the dense collagen underneath the strong attacment of collagen to epithelium between the rete pegs causes the gingiva to have a stippled surface when it is normal and not inflamed
050323 40
Connective tissue that surrounds the root and connect it to the bone continuous with connective tissue of gingiva
050323 41
050323 42
Principle Fibers of the Periodontal LigamentAC - alveolar crest fibersH - horizontal fibersOBL - oblique fibersPA - periapical fibersIR - interradicular fibers
050323 43
050323 44
Tooth supportShock absorber Withstanding the forces of masticationSensory receptor necessary for proper positioning of the jawNutritive blood vessels provide the essential nutrients to the vitality of the PDL
050323 45
It is a hard avascular connective tissue that covers the roots of teeth
050323 46
Cementum is more resistant to resorption Important in permitting orthodontic tooth movement
050323 47
050323 48
050323 49
the portion of the maxilla and mandible that forms and suppor the tooth sockets It forms when tooth erupts and disappears gradually after tooth loss
050323 50
1 Alveolar bone or1048708Cribiform plate1048708Alveolar wall1048708Lamina dura
2 Trabecular bone3 Compact bone
050323 51
050323 52
Periapical Radiograph of Maxillary Posterior
Region AC - alveolar crest LD - lamina duraPDL - periodontal ligament050323 53
050323 54
Silabus PeriodontiPeter F Pedi
Essentials of PeriodonticsPhilip M Hoag
Clinical periodontologyCarranza
CT gingival connective tissueES enamel spaceJE junctional epitheliumOE oral epitheliumSE sulcular epithelium
050323 25
The oral or outer epithelium covers the crest and outer surface of the marginal gingiva and the surface of the attached gingivaIt is keratinized or para keratinized The prevalent surfaces however is parakeratinized Keratinization of the oral mucosa palate (most keratinized) gingiva tongue and cheek (least keratinized)
050323 26
The sulcular epithelium lines the gingival sulcus It is a thin nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium without rete pegs and extends from the coronal limit of the junctional epithelium to the crest of the gingival margin The sulcular epithelium is extremely important because it may act as a semipermeable membrane through which injurious bacterial products pass into the gingiva and through which tissue fluid from the gingiva seeps into the sulcus
050323 27
Junctional epithelium forms the seal of the gingival epithelium and the toothIt forms the floor of the gingival sulcus and extends apically to the enamel of the toothDisturbances of epithelial attachment results in deepening of the sulcus which is a sign of gingivalperiodontal disease
050323 28
The attachment of the junctional epithelium to the tooth is reinforced by the gingival fibers For this reason both are considered a functional unit dentogingival unitTheir functions
junctional epithelium is firmly attached to the tooth surface forming an epithelial barrier against plaque bacteriait allows access of gingival fluid inflammatory
cells and components of the immunologic host defense to the gingival marginjunctional epithelial cells exhibit rapid turnover
which contributes to the host-parasite equilibrium and rapid repair of damaged tissue
050323 29
It can be represented as either a transudate or an exudateIt is potential use as a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker of the biologic state of the periodontium in health and diseaseIt is contains components of connective tissue epithelium inflammatory cells serum and microbial flora inhabiting the gingival margin or the sulcus (pocket)In the healthy sulcus the amount of the gingival fluid is very small During inflammation however the gingival fluid flow increasesThe main route of the gingival fluid diffusion is through the basement membrane through the relatively wide intracellular spaces of the junctional epithelium and then into the sulcus050323 30
The functions arecleanse material from the sulcuscontain plasma proteins that may improve adhesion of the epithelium to the toothpossess antimicrobial propertiesexert antibody activity to defend the gingival
050323 31
There are functions To brace the marginal gingiva firmly against the toothTo provide the rigidity necessary to withstand the forces of mastication without being deflected away from the tooth surfaceTo unite the free marginal gingiva with the cementum of the root and the adjacent attached gingivaThe gingival fibers are arranged in three groups gingivodental circular and transseptal
050323 32
Supraperiosteal arterioles
Vessels of the periodontal ligament
Arterioles that emerge from the crest septa
050323 33
ColorSizeContourConsistencyPosition
CORRELATION OF CLINICAL CORRELATION OF CLINICAL AND MICROSCOPIC FEATURESAND MICROSCOPIC FEATURES
050323 34
Produced by Vascular supply Thicknessdegree of keratinization of epithelium Presence of pigment-containing cells
050323 35
1 Healthy gingiva in the person young
2 Healthy lightly pigmented gingivabullAG is stippledbullThis pigmentattion results from the synthesis of melanin by melanocytes located in the basal layer of the epithelium (brown spots)
3 Healthy deeply pigmented gingivabullRecession in the mandibular anterior areabullThe alveolar crest is located ca2mm apical to CEJ1
050323 36
Follows a scalloped outline on facial and lingual surfaces
050323 37
firm resilienttightly bound to underlying bone (except for marginal gingiva)
050323 38
ndash feature of healthy gingiva however may be absent in healthy gingiva
ndash Stipplingbull attached gingiva_yesbull marginal gingiva_nondash Less prominent in lingual aspects
050323 39
the outer surface of gingiva is covered with a thick layer of keratinised sratified squamous epithelium with finger like projections [rete pegs] into the dense collagen underneath the strong attacment of collagen to epithelium between the rete pegs causes the gingiva to have a stippled surface when it is normal and not inflamed
050323 40
Connective tissue that surrounds the root and connect it to the bone continuous with connective tissue of gingiva
050323 41
050323 42
Principle Fibers of the Periodontal LigamentAC - alveolar crest fibersH - horizontal fibersOBL - oblique fibersPA - periapical fibersIR - interradicular fibers
050323 43
050323 44
Tooth supportShock absorber Withstanding the forces of masticationSensory receptor necessary for proper positioning of the jawNutritive blood vessels provide the essential nutrients to the vitality of the PDL
050323 45
It is a hard avascular connective tissue that covers the roots of teeth
050323 46
Cementum is more resistant to resorption Important in permitting orthodontic tooth movement
050323 47
050323 48
050323 49
the portion of the maxilla and mandible that forms and suppor the tooth sockets It forms when tooth erupts and disappears gradually after tooth loss
050323 50
1 Alveolar bone or1048708Cribiform plate1048708Alveolar wall1048708Lamina dura
2 Trabecular bone3 Compact bone
050323 51
050323 52
Periapical Radiograph of Maxillary Posterior
Region AC - alveolar crest LD - lamina duraPDL - periodontal ligament050323 53
050323 54
Silabus PeriodontiPeter F Pedi
Essentials of PeriodonticsPhilip M Hoag
Clinical periodontologyCarranza
The oral or outer epithelium covers the crest and outer surface of the marginal gingiva and the surface of the attached gingivaIt is keratinized or para keratinized The prevalent surfaces however is parakeratinized Keratinization of the oral mucosa palate (most keratinized) gingiva tongue and cheek (least keratinized)
050323 26
The sulcular epithelium lines the gingival sulcus It is a thin nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium without rete pegs and extends from the coronal limit of the junctional epithelium to the crest of the gingival margin The sulcular epithelium is extremely important because it may act as a semipermeable membrane through which injurious bacterial products pass into the gingiva and through which tissue fluid from the gingiva seeps into the sulcus
050323 27
Junctional epithelium forms the seal of the gingival epithelium and the toothIt forms the floor of the gingival sulcus and extends apically to the enamel of the toothDisturbances of epithelial attachment results in deepening of the sulcus which is a sign of gingivalperiodontal disease
050323 28
The attachment of the junctional epithelium to the tooth is reinforced by the gingival fibers For this reason both are considered a functional unit dentogingival unitTheir functions
junctional epithelium is firmly attached to the tooth surface forming an epithelial barrier against plaque bacteriait allows access of gingival fluid inflammatory
cells and components of the immunologic host defense to the gingival marginjunctional epithelial cells exhibit rapid turnover
which contributes to the host-parasite equilibrium and rapid repair of damaged tissue
050323 29
It can be represented as either a transudate or an exudateIt is potential use as a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker of the biologic state of the periodontium in health and diseaseIt is contains components of connective tissue epithelium inflammatory cells serum and microbial flora inhabiting the gingival margin or the sulcus (pocket)In the healthy sulcus the amount of the gingival fluid is very small During inflammation however the gingival fluid flow increasesThe main route of the gingival fluid diffusion is through the basement membrane through the relatively wide intracellular spaces of the junctional epithelium and then into the sulcus050323 30
The functions arecleanse material from the sulcuscontain plasma proteins that may improve adhesion of the epithelium to the toothpossess antimicrobial propertiesexert antibody activity to defend the gingival
050323 31
There are functions To brace the marginal gingiva firmly against the toothTo provide the rigidity necessary to withstand the forces of mastication without being deflected away from the tooth surfaceTo unite the free marginal gingiva with the cementum of the root and the adjacent attached gingivaThe gingival fibers are arranged in three groups gingivodental circular and transseptal
050323 32
Supraperiosteal arterioles
Vessels of the periodontal ligament
Arterioles that emerge from the crest septa
050323 33
ColorSizeContourConsistencyPosition
CORRELATION OF CLINICAL CORRELATION OF CLINICAL AND MICROSCOPIC FEATURESAND MICROSCOPIC FEATURES
050323 34
Produced by Vascular supply Thicknessdegree of keratinization of epithelium Presence of pigment-containing cells
050323 35
1 Healthy gingiva in the person young
2 Healthy lightly pigmented gingivabullAG is stippledbullThis pigmentattion results from the synthesis of melanin by melanocytes located in the basal layer of the epithelium (brown spots)
3 Healthy deeply pigmented gingivabullRecession in the mandibular anterior areabullThe alveolar crest is located ca2mm apical to CEJ1
050323 36
Follows a scalloped outline on facial and lingual surfaces
050323 37
firm resilienttightly bound to underlying bone (except for marginal gingiva)
050323 38
ndash feature of healthy gingiva however may be absent in healthy gingiva
ndash Stipplingbull attached gingiva_yesbull marginal gingiva_nondash Less prominent in lingual aspects
050323 39
the outer surface of gingiva is covered with a thick layer of keratinised sratified squamous epithelium with finger like projections [rete pegs] into the dense collagen underneath the strong attacment of collagen to epithelium between the rete pegs causes the gingiva to have a stippled surface when it is normal and not inflamed
050323 40
Connective tissue that surrounds the root and connect it to the bone continuous with connective tissue of gingiva
050323 41
050323 42
Principle Fibers of the Periodontal LigamentAC - alveolar crest fibersH - horizontal fibersOBL - oblique fibersPA - periapical fibersIR - interradicular fibers
050323 43
050323 44
Tooth supportShock absorber Withstanding the forces of masticationSensory receptor necessary for proper positioning of the jawNutritive blood vessels provide the essential nutrients to the vitality of the PDL
050323 45
It is a hard avascular connective tissue that covers the roots of teeth
050323 46
Cementum is more resistant to resorption Important in permitting orthodontic tooth movement
050323 47
050323 48
050323 49
the portion of the maxilla and mandible that forms and suppor the tooth sockets It forms when tooth erupts and disappears gradually after tooth loss
050323 50
1 Alveolar bone or1048708Cribiform plate1048708Alveolar wall1048708Lamina dura
2 Trabecular bone3 Compact bone
050323 51
050323 52
Periapical Radiograph of Maxillary Posterior
Region AC - alveolar crest LD - lamina duraPDL - periodontal ligament050323 53
050323 54
Silabus PeriodontiPeter F Pedi
Essentials of PeriodonticsPhilip M Hoag
Clinical periodontologyCarranza
The sulcular epithelium lines the gingival sulcus It is a thin nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium without rete pegs and extends from the coronal limit of the junctional epithelium to the crest of the gingival margin The sulcular epithelium is extremely important because it may act as a semipermeable membrane through which injurious bacterial products pass into the gingiva and through which tissue fluid from the gingiva seeps into the sulcus
050323 27
Junctional epithelium forms the seal of the gingival epithelium and the toothIt forms the floor of the gingival sulcus and extends apically to the enamel of the toothDisturbances of epithelial attachment results in deepening of the sulcus which is a sign of gingivalperiodontal disease
050323 28
The attachment of the junctional epithelium to the tooth is reinforced by the gingival fibers For this reason both are considered a functional unit dentogingival unitTheir functions
junctional epithelium is firmly attached to the tooth surface forming an epithelial barrier against plaque bacteriait allows access of gingival fluid inflammatory
cells and components of the immunologic host defense to the gingival marginjunctional epithelial cells exhibit rapid turnover
which contributes to the host-parasite equilibrium and rapid repair of damaged tissue
050323 29
It can be represented as either a transudate or an exudateIt is potential use as a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker of the biologic state of the periodontium in health and diseaseIt is contains components of connective tissue epithelium inflammatory cells serum and microbial flora inhabiting the gingival margin or the sulcus (pocket)In the healthy sulcus the amount of the gingival fluid is very small During inflammation however the gingival fluid flow increasesThe main route of the gingival fluid diffusion is through the basement membrane through the relatively wide intracellular spaces of the junctional epithelium and then into the sulcus050323 30
The functions arecleanse material from the sulcuscontain plasma proteins that may improve adhesion of the epithelium to the toothpossess antimicrobial propertiesexert antibody activity to defend the gingival
050323 31
There are functions To brace the marginal gingiva firmly against the toothTo provide the rigidity necessary to withstand the forces of mastication without being deflected away from the tooth surfaceTo unite the free marginal gingiva with the cementum of the root and the adjacent attached gingivaThe gingival fibers are arranged in three groups gingivodental circular and transseptal
050323 32
Supraperiosteal arterioles
Vessels of the periodontal ligament
Arterioles that emerge from the crest septa
050323 33
ColorSizeContourConsistencyPosition
CORRELATION OF CLINICAL CORRELATION OF CLINICAL AND MICROSCOPIC FEATURESAND MICROSCOPIC FEATURES
050323 34
Produced by Vascular supply Thicknessdegree of keratinization of epithelium Presence of pigment-containing cells
050323 35
1 Healthy gingiva in the person young
2 Healthy lightly pigmented gingivabullAG is stippledbullThis pigmentattion results from the synthesis of melanin by melanocytes located in the basal layer of the epithelium (brown spots)
3 Healthy deeply pigmented gingivabullRecession in the mandibular anterior areabullThe alveolar crest is located ca2mm apical to CEJ1
050323 36
Follows a scalloped outline on facial and lingual surfaces
050323 37
firm resilienttightly bound to underlying bone (except for marginal gingiva)
050323 38
ndash feature of healthy gingiva however may be absent in healthy gingiva
ndash Stipplingbull attached gingiva_yesbull marginal gingiva_nondash Less prominent in lingual aspects
050323 39
the outer surface of gingiva is covered with a thick layer of keratinised sratified squamous epithelium with finger like projections [rete pegs] into the dense collagen underneath the strong attacment of collagen to epithelium between the rete pegs causes the gingiva to have a stippled surface when it is normal and not inflamed
050323 40
Connective tissue that surrounds the root and connect it to the bone continuous with connective tissue of gingiva
050323 41
050323 42
Principle Fibers of the Periodontal LigamentAC - alveolar crest fibersH - horizontal fibersOBL - oblique fibersPA - periapical fibersIR - interradicular fibers
050323 43
050323 44
Tooth supportShock absorber Withstanding the forces of masticationSensory receptor necessary for proper positioning of the jawNutritive blood vessels provide the essential nutrients to the vitality of the PDL
050323 45
It is a hard avascular connective tissue that covers the roots of teeth
050323 46
Cementum is more resistant to resorption Important in permitting orthodontic tooth movement
050323 47
050323 48
050323 49
the portion of the maxilla and mandible that forms and suppor the tooth sockets It forms when tooth erupts and disappears gradually after tooth loss
050323 50
1 Alveolar bone or1048708Cribiform plate1048708Alveolar wall1048708Lamina dura
2 Trabecular bone3 Compact bone
050323 51
050323 52
Periapical Radiograph of Maxillary Posterior
Region AC - alveolar crest LD - lamina duraPDL - periodontal ligament050323 53
050323 54
Silabus PeriodontiPeter F Pedi
Essentials of PeriodonticsPhilip M Hoag
Clinical periodontologyCarranza
Junctional epithelium forms the seal of the gingival epithelium and the toothIt forms the floor of the gingival sulcus and extends apically to the enamel of the toothDisturbances of epithelial attachment results in deepening of the sulcus which is a sign of gingivalperiodontal disease
050323 28
The attachment of the junctional epithelium to the tooth is reinforced by the gingival fibers For this reason both are considered a functional unit dentogingival unitTheir functions
junctional epithelium is firmly attached to the tooth surface forming an epithelial barrier against plaque bacteriait allows access of gingival fluid inflammatory
cells and components of the immunologic host defense to the gingival marginjunctional epithelial cells exhibit rapid turnover
which contributes to the host-parasite equilibrium and rapid repair of damaged tissue
050323 29
It can be represented as either a transudate or an exudateIt is potential use as a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker of the biologic state of the periodontium in health and diseaseIt is contains components of connective tissue epithelium inflammatory cells serum and microbial flora inhabiting the gingival margin or the sulcus (pocket)In the healthy sulcus the amount of the gingival fluid is very small During inflammation however the gingival fluid flow increasesThe main route of the gingival fluid diffusion is through the basement membrane through the relatively wide intracellular spaces of the junctional epithelium and then into the sulcus050323 30
The functions arecleanse material from the sulcuscontain plasma proteins that may improve adhesion of the epithelium to the toothpossess antimicrobial propertiesexert antibody activity to defend the gingival
050323 31
There are functions To brace the marginal gingiva firmly against the toothTo provide the rigidity necessary to withstand the forces of mastication without being deflected away from the tooth surfaceTo unite the free marginal gingiva with the cementum of the root and the adjacent attached gingivaThe gingival fibers are arranged in three groups gingivodental circular and transseptal
050323 32
Supraperiosteal arterioles
Vessels of the periodontal ligament
Arterioles that emerge from the crest septa
050323 33
ColorSizeContourConsistencyPosition
CORRELATION OF CLINICAL CORRELATION OF CLINICAL AND MICROSCOPIC FEATURESAND MICROSCOPIC FEATURES
050323 34
Produced by Vascular supply Thicknessdegree of keratinization of epithelium Presence of pigment-containing cells
050323 35
1 Healthy gingiva in the person young
2 Healthy lightly pigmented gingivabullAG is stippledbullThis pigmentattion results from the synthesis of melanin by melanocytes located in the basal layer of the epithelium (brown spots)
3 Healthy deeply pigmented gingivabullRecession in the mandibular anterior areabullThe alveolar crest is located ca2mm apical to CEJ1
050323 36
Follows a scalloped outline on facial and lingual surfaces
050323 37
firm resilienttightly bound to underlying bone (except for marginal gingiva)
050323 38
ndash feature of healthy gingiva however may be absent in healthy gingiva
ndash Stipplingbull attached gingiva_yesbull marginal gingiva_nondash Less prominent in lingual aspects
050323 39
the outer surface of gingiva is covered with a thick layer of keratinised sratified squamous epithelium with finger like projections [rete pegs] into the dense collagen underneath the strong attacment of collagen to epithelium between the rete pegs causes the gingiva to have a stippled surface when it is normal and not inflamed
050323 40
Connective tissue that surrounds the root and connect it to the bone continuous with connective tissue of gingiva
050323 41
050323 42
Principle Fibers of the Periodontal LigamentAC - alveolar crest fibersH - horizontal fibersOBL - oblique fibersPA - periapical fibersIR - interradicular fibers
050323 43
050323 44
Tooth supportShock absorber Withstanding the forces of masticationSensory receptor necessary for proper positioning of the jawNutritive blood vessels provide the essential nutrients to the vitality of the PDL
050323 45
It is a hard avascular connective tissue that covers the roots of teeth
050323 46
Cementum is more resistant to resorption Important in permitting orthodontic tooth movement
050323 47
050323 48
050323 49
the portion of the maxilla and mandible that forms and suppor the tooth sockets It forms when tooth erupts and disappears gradually after tooth loss
050323 50
1 Alveolar bone or1048708Cribiform plate1048708Alveolar wall1048708Lamina dura
2 Trabecular bone3 Compact bone
050323 51
050323 52
Periapical Radiograph of Maxillary Posterior
Region AC - alveolar crest LD - lamina duraPDL - periodontal ligament050323 53
050323 54
Silabus PeriodontiPeter F Pedi
Essentials of PeriodonticsPhilip M Hoag
Clinical periodontologyCarranza
The attachment of the junctional epithelium to the tooth is reinforced by the gingival fibers For this reason both are considered a functional unit dentogingival unitTheir functions
junctional epithelium is firmly attached to the tooth surface forming an epithelial barrier against plaque bacteriait allows access of gingival fluid inflammatory
cells and components of the immunologic host defense to the gingival marginjunctional epithelial cells exhibit rapid turnover
which contributes to the host-parasite equilibrium and rapid repair of damaged tissue
050323 29
It can be represented as either a transudate or an exudateIt is potential use as a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker of the biologic state of the periodontium in health and diseaseIt is contains components of connective tissue epithelium inflammatory cells serum and microbial flora inhabiting the gingival margin or the sulcus (pocket)In the healthy sulcus the amount of the gingival fluid is very small During inflammation however the gingival fluid flow increasesThe main route of the gingival fluid diffusion is through the basement membrane through the relatively wide intracellular spaces of the junctional epithelium and then into the sulcus050323 30
The functions arecleanse material from the sulcuscontain plasma proteins that may improve adhesion of the epithelium to the toothpossess antimicrobial propertiesexert antibody activity to defend the gingival
050323 31
There are functions To brace the marginal gingiva firmly against the toothTo provide the rigidity necessary to withstand the forces of mastication without being deflected away from the tooth surfaceTo unite the free marginal gingiva with the cementum of the root and the adjacent attached gingivaThe gingival fibers are arranged in three groups gingivodental circular and transseptal
050323 32
Supraperiosteal arterioles
Vessels of the periodontal ligament
Arterioles that emerge from the crest septa
050323 33
ColorSizeContourConsistencyPosition
CORRELATION OF CLINICAL CORRELATION OF CLINICAL AND MICROSCOPIC FEATURESAND MICROSCOPIC FEATURES
050323 34
Produced by Vascular supply Thicknessdegree of keratinization of epithelium Presence of pigment-containing cells
050323 35
1 Healthy gingiva in the person young
2 Healthy lightly pigmented gingivabullAG is stippledbullThis pigmentattion results from the synthesis of melanin by melanocytes located in the basal layer of the epithelium (brown spots)
3 Healthy deeply pigmented gingivabullRecession in the mandibular anterior areabullThe alveolar crest is located ca2mm apical to CEJ1
050323 36
Follows a scalloped outline on facial and lingual surfaces
050323 37
firm resilienttightly bound to underlying bone (except for marginal gingiva)
050323 38
ndash feature of healthy gingiva however may be absent in healthy gingiva
ndash Stipplingbull attached gingiva_yesbull marginal gingiva_nondash Less prominent in lingual aspects
050323 39
the outer surface of gingiva is covered with a thick layer of keratinised sratified squamous epithelium with finger like projections [rete pegs] into the dense collagen underneath the strong attacment of collagen to epithelium between the rete pegs causes the gingiva to have a stippled surface when it is normal and not inflamed
050323 40
Connective tissue that surrounds the root and connect it to the bone continuous with connective tissue of gingiva
050323 41
050323 42
Principle Fibers of the Periodontal LigamentAC - alveolar crest fibersH - horizontal fibersOBL - oblique fibersPA - periapical fibersIR - interradicular fibers
050323 43
050323 44
Tooth supportShock absorber Withstanding the forces of masticationSensory receptor necessary for proper positioning of the jawNutritive blood vessels provide the essential nutrients to the vitality of the PDL
050323 45
It is a hard avascular connective tissue that covers the roots of teeth
050323 46
Cementum is more resistant to resorption Important in permitting orthodontic tooth movement
050323 47
050323 48
050323 49
the portion of the maxilla and mandible that forms and suppor the tooth sockets It forms when tooth erupts and disappears gradually after tooth loss
050323 50
1 Alveolar bone or1048708Cribiform plate1048708Alveolar wall1048708Lamina dura
2 Trabecular bone3 Compact bone
050323 51
050323 52
Periapical Radiograph of Maxillary Posterior
Region AC - alveolar crest LD - lamina duraPDL - periodontal ligament050323 53
050323 54
Silabus PeriodontiPeter F Pedi
Essentials of PeriodonticsPhilip M Hoag
Clinical periodontologyCarranza
It can be represented as either a transudate or an exudateIt is potential use as a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker of the biologic state of the periodontium in health and diseaseIt is contains components of connective tissue epithelium inflammatory cells serum and microbial flora inhabiting the gingival margin or the sulcus (pocket)In the healthy sulcus the amount of the gingival fluid is very small During inflammation however the gingival fluid flow increasesThe main route of the gingival fluid diffusion is through the basement membrane through the relatively wide intracellular spaces of the junctional epithelium and then into the sulcus050323 30
The functions arecleanse material from the sulcuscontain plasma proteins that may improve adhesion of the epithelium to the toothpossess antimicrobial propertiesexert antibody activity to defend the gingival
050323 31
There are functions To brace the marginal gingiva firmly against the toothTo provide the rigidity necessary to withstand the forces of mastication without being deflected away from the tooth surfaceTo unite the free marginal gingiva with the cementum of the root and the adjacent attached gingivaThe gingival fibers are arranged in three groups gingivodental circular and transseptal
050323 32
Supraperiosteal arterioles
Vessels of the periodontal ligament
Arterioles that emerge from the crest septa
050323 33
ColorSizeContourConsistencyPosition
CORRELATION OF CLINICAL CORRELATION OF CLINICAL AND MICROSCOPIC FEATURESAND MICROSCOPIC FEATURES
050323 34
Produced by Vascular supply Thicknessdegree of keratinization of epithelium Presence of pigment-containing cells
050323 35
1 Healthy gingiva in the person young
2 Healthy lightly pigmented gingivabullAG is stippledbullThis pigmentattion results from the synthesis of melanin by melanocytes located in the basal layer of the epithelium (brown spots)
3 Healthy deeply pigmented gingivabullRecession in the mandibular anterior areabullThe alveolar crest is located ca2mm apical to CEJ1
050323 36
Follows a scalloped outline on facial and lingual surfaces
050323 37
firm resilienttightly bound to underlying bone (except for marginal gingiva)
050323 38
ndash feature of healthy gingiva however may be absent in healthy gingiva
ndash Stipplingbull attached gingiva_yesbull marginal gingiva_nondash Less prominent in lingual aspects
050323 39
the outer surface of gingiva is covered with a thick layer of keratinised sratified squamous epithelium with finger like projections [rete pegs] into the dense collagen underneath the strong attacment of collagen to epithelium between the rete pegs causes the gingiva to have a stippled surface when it is normal and not inflamed
050323 40
Connective tissue that surrounds the root and connect it to the bone continuous with connective tissue of gingiva
050323 41
050323 42
Principle Fibers of the Periodontal LigamentAC - alveolar crest fibersH - horizontal fibersOBL - oblique fibersPA - periapical fibersIR - interradicular fibers
050323 43
050323 44
Tooth supportShock absorber Withstanding the forces of masticationSensory receptor necessary for proper positioning of the jawNutritive blood vessels provide the essential nutrients to the vitality of the PDL
050323 45
It is a hard avascular connective tissue that covers the roots of teeth
050323 46
Cementum is more resistant to resorption Important in permitting orthodontic tooth movement
050323 47
050323 48
050323 49
the portion of the maxilla and mandible that forms and suppor the tooth sockets It forms when tooth erupts and disappears gradually after tooth loss
050323 50
1 Alveolar bone or1048708Cribiform plate1048708Alveolar wall1048708Lamina dura
2 Trabecular bone3 Compact bone
050323 51
050323 52
Periapical Radiograph of Maxillary Posterior
Region AC - alveolar crest LD - lamina duraPDL - periodontal ligament050323 53
050323 54
Silabus PeriodontiPeter F Pedi
Essentials of PeriodonticsPhilip M Hoag
Clinical periodontologyCarranza
The functions arecleanse material from the sulcuscontain plasma proteins that may improve adhesion of the epithelium to the toothpossess antimicrobial propertiesexert antibody activity to defend the gingival
050323 31
There are functions To brace the marginal gingiva firmly against the toothTo provide the rigidity necessary to withstand the forces of mastication without being deflected away from the tooth surfaceTo unite the free marginal gingiva with the cementum of the root and the adjacent attached gingivaThe gingival fibers are arranged in three groups gingivodental circular and transseptal
050323 32
Supraperiosteal arterioles
Vessels of the periodontal ligament
Arterioles that emerge from the crest septa
050323 33
ColorSizeContourConsistencyPosition
CORRELATION OF CLINICAL CORRELATION OF CLINICAL AND MICROSCOPIC FEATURESAND MICROSCOPIC FEATURES
050323 34
Produced by Vascular supply Thicknessdegree of keratinization of epithelium Presence of pigment-containing cells
050323 35
1 Healthy gingiva in the person young
2 Healthy lightly pigmented gingivabullAG is stippledbullThis pigmentattion results from the synthesis of melanin by melanocytes located in the basal layer of the epithelium (brown spots)
3 Healthy deeply pigmented gingivabullRecession in the mandibular anterior areabullThe alveolar crest is located ca2mm apical to CEJ1
050323 36
Follows a scalloped outline on facial and lingual surfaces
050323 37
firm resilienttightly bound to underlying bone (except for marginal gingiva)
050323 38
ndash feature of healthy gingiva however may be absent in healthy gingiva
ndash Stipplingbull attached gingiva_yesbull marginal gingiva_nondash Less prominent in lingual aspects
050323 39
the outer surface of gingiva is covered with a thick layer of keratinised sratified squamous epithelium with finger like projections [rete pegs] into the dense collagen underneath the strong attacment of collagen to epithelium between the rete pegs causes the gingiva to have a stippled surface when it is normal and not inflamed
050323 40
Connective tissue that surrounds the root and connect it to the bone continuous with connective tissue of gingiva
050323 41
050323 42
Principle Fibers of the Periodontal LigamentAC - alveolar crest fibersH - horizontal fibersOBL - oblique fibersPA - periapical fibersIR - interradicular fibers
050323 43
050323 44
Tooth supportShock absorber Withstanding the forces of masticationSensory receptor necessary for proper positioning of the jawNutritive blood vessels provide the essential nutrients to the vitality of the PDL
050323 45
It is a hard avascular connective tissue that covers the roots of teeth
050323 46
Cementum is more resistant to resorption Important in permitting orthodontic tooth movement
050323 47
050323 48
050323 49
the portion of the maxilla and mandible that forms and suppor the tooth sockets It forms when tooth erupts and disappears gradually after tooth loss
050323 50
1 Alveolar bone or1048708Cribiform plate1048708Alveolar wall1048708Lamina dura
2 Trabecular bone3 Compact bone
050323 51
050323 52
Periapical Radiograph of Maxillary Posterior
Region AC - alveolar crest LD - lamina duraPDL - periodontal ligament050323 53
050323 54
Silabus PeriodontiPeter F Pedi
Essentials of PeriodonticsPhilip M Hoag
Clinical periodontologyCarranza
There are functions To brace the marginal gingiva firmly against the toothTo provide the rigidity necessary to withstand the forces of mastication without being deflected away from the tooth surfaceTo unite the free marginal gingiva with the cementum of the root and the adjacent attached gingivaThe gingival fibers are arranged in three groups gingivodental circular and transseptal
050323 32
Supraperiosteal arterioles
Vessels of the periodontal ligament
Arterioles that emerge from the crest septa
050323 33
ColorSizeContourConsistencyPosition
CORRELATION OF CLINICAL CORRELATION OF CLINICAL AND MICROSCOPIC FEATURESAND MICROSCOPIC FEATURES
050323 34
Produced by Vascular supply Thicknessdegree of keratinization of epithelium Presence of pigment-containing cells
050323 35
1 Healthy gingiva in the person young
2 Healthy lightly pigmented gingivabullAG is stippledbullThis pigmentattion results from the synthesis of melanin by melanocytes located in the basal layer of the epithelium (brown spots)
3 Healthy deeply pigmented gingivabullRecession in the mandibular anterior areabullThe alveolar crest is located ca2mm apical to CEJ1
050323 36
Follows a scalloped outline on facial and lingual surfaces
050323 37
firm resilienttightly bound to underlying bone (except for marginal gingiva)
050323 38
ndash feature of healthy gingiva however may be absent in healthy gingiva
ndash Stipplingbull attached gingiva_yesbull marginal gingiva_nondash Less prominent in lingual aspects
050323 39
the outer surface of gingiva is covered with a thick layer of keratinised sratified squamous epithelium with finger like projections [rete pegs] into the dense collagen underneath the strong attacment of collagen to epithelium between the rete pegs causes the gingiva to have a stippled surface when it is normal and not inflamed
050323 40
Connective tissue that surrounds the root and connect it to the bone continuous with connective tissue of gingiva
050323 41
050323 42
Principle Fibers of the Periodontal LigamentAC - alveolar crest fibersH - horizontal fibersOBL - oblique fibersPA - periapical fibersIR - interradicular fibers
050323 43
050323 44
Tooth supportShock absorber Withstanding the forces of masticationSensory receptor necessary for proper positioning of the jawNutritive blood vessels provide the essential nutrients to the vitality of the PDL
050323 45
It is a hard avascular connective tissue that covers the roots of teeth
050323 46
Cementum is more resistant to resorption Important in permitting orthodontic tooth movement
050323 47
050323 48
050323 49
the portion of the maxilla and mandible that forms and suppor the tooth sockets It forms when tooth erupts and disappears gradually after tooth loss
050323 50
1 Alveolar bone or1048708Cribiform plate1048708Alveolar wall1048708Lamina dura
2 Trabecular bone3 Compact bone
050323 51
050323 52
Periapical Radiograph of Maxillary Posterior
Region AC - alveolar crest LD - lamina duraPDL - periodontal ligament050323 53
050323 54
Silabus PeriodontiPeter F Pedi
Essentials of PeriodonticsPhilip M Hoag
Clinical periodontologyCarranza
Supraperiosteal arterioles
Vessels of the periodontal ligament
Arterioles that emerge from the crest septa
050323 33
ColorSizeContourConsistencyPosition
CORRELATION OF CLINICAL CORRELATION OF CLINICAL AND MICROSCOPIC FEATURESAND MICROSCOPIC FEATURES
050323 34
Produced by Vascular supply Thicknessdegree of keratinization of epithelium Presence of pigment-containing cells
050323 35
1 Healthy gingiva in the person young
2 Healthy lightly pigmented gingivabullAG is stippledbullThis pigmentattion results from the synthesis of melanin by melanocytes located in the basal layer of the epithelium (brown spots)
3 Healthy deeply pigmented gingivabullRecession in the mandibular anterior areabullThe alveolar crest is located ca2mm apical to CEJ1
050323 36
Follows a scalloped outline on facial and lingual surfaces
050323 37
firm resilienttightly bound to underlying bone (except for marginal gingiva)
050323 38
ndash feature of healthy gingiva however may be absent in healthy gingiva
ndash Stipplingbull attached gingiva_yesbull marginal gingiva_nondash Less prominent in lingual aspects
050323 39
the outer surface of gingiva is covered with a thick layer of keratinised sratified squamous epithelium with finger like projections [rete pegs] into the dense collagen underneath the strong attacment of collagen to epithelium between the rete pegs causes the gingiva to have a stippled surface when it is normal and not inflamed
050323 40
Connective tissue that surrounds the root and connect it to the bone continuous with connective tissue of gingiva
050323 41
050323 42
Principle Fibers of the Periodontal LigamentAC - alveolar crest fibersH - horizontal fibersOBL - oblique fibersPA - periapical fibersIR - interradicular fibers
050323 43
050323 44
Tooth supportShock absorber Withstanding the forces of masticationSensory receptor necessary for proper positioning of the jawNutritive blood vessels provide the essential nutrients to the vitality of the PDL
050323 45
It is a hard avascular connective tissue that covers the roots of teeth
050323 46
Cementum is more resistant to resorption Important in permitting orthodontic tooth movement
050323 47
050323 48
050323 49
the portion of the maxilla and mandible that forms and suppor the tooth sockets It forms when tooth erupts and disappears gradually after tooth loss
050323 50
1 Alveolar bone or1048708Cribiform plate1048708Alveolar wall1048708Lamina dura
2 Trabecular bone3 Compact bone
050323 51
050323 52
Periapical Radiograph of Maxillary Posterior
Region AC - alveolar crest LD - lamina duraPDL - periodontal ligament050323 53
050323 54
Silabus PeriodontiPeter F Pedi
Essentials of PeriodonticsPhilip M Hoag
Clinical periodontologyCarranza
ColorSizeContourConsistencyPosition
CORRELATION OF CLINICAL CORRELATION OF CLINICAL AND MICROSCOPIC FEATURESAND MICROSCOPIC FEATURES
050323 34
Produced by Vascular supply Thicknessdegree of keratinization of epithelium Presence of pigment-containing cells
050323 35
1 Healthy gingiva in the person young
2 Healthy lightly pigmented gingivabullAG is stippledbullThis pigmentattion results from the synthesis of melanin by melanocytes located in the basal layer of the epithelium (brown spots)
3 Healthy deeply pigmented gingivabullRecession in the mandibular anterior areabullThe alveolar crest is located ca2mm apical to CEJ1
050323 36
Follows a scalloped outline on facial and lingual surfaces
050323 37
firm resilienttightly bound to underlying bone (except for marginal gingiva)
050323 38
ndash feature of healthy gingiva however may be absent in healthy gingiva
ndash Stipplingbull attached gingiva_yesbull marginal gingiva_nondash Less prominent in lingual aspects
050323 39
the outer surface of gingiva is covered with a thick layer of keratinised sratified squamous epithelium with finger like projections [rete pegs] into the dense collagen underneath the strong attacment of collagen to epithelium between the rete pegs causes the gingiva to have a stippled surface when it is normal and not inflamed
050323 40
Connective tissue that surrounds the root and connect it to the bone continuous with connective tissue of gingiva
050323 41
050323 42
Principle Fibers of the Periodontal LigamentAC - alveolar crest fibersH - horizontal fibersOBL - oblique fibersPA - periapical fibersIR - interradicular fibers
050323 43
050323 44
Tooth supportShock absorber Withstanding the forces of masticationSensory receptor necessary for proper positioning of the jawNutritive blood vessels provide the essential nutrients to the vitality of the PDL
050323 45
It is a hard avascular connective tissue that covers the roots of teeth
050323 46
Cementum is more resistant to resorption Important in permitting orthodontic tooth movement
050323 47
050323 48
050323 49
the portion of the maxilla and mandible that forms and suppor the tooth sockets It forms when tooth erupts and disappears gradually after tooth loss
050323 50
1 Alveolar bone or1048708Cribiform plate1048708Alveolar wall1048708Lamina dura
2 Trabecular bone3 Compact bone
050323 51
050323 52
Periapical Radiograph of Maxillary Posterior
Region AC - alveolar crest LD - lamina duraPDL - periodontal ligament050323 53
050323 54
Silabus PeriodontiPeter F Pedi
Essentials of PeriodonticsPhilip M Hoag
Clinical periodontologyCarranza
Produced by Vascular supply Thicknessdegree of keratinization of epithelium Presence of pigment-containing cells
050323 35
1 Healthy gingiva in the person young
2 Healthy lightly pigmented gingivabullAG is stippledbullThis pigmentattion results from the synthesis of melanin by melanocytes located in the basal layer of the epithelium (brown spots)
3 Healthy deeply pigmented gingivabullRecession in the mandibular anterior areabullThe alveolar crest is located ca2mm apical to CEJ1
050323 36
Follows a scalloped outline on facial and lingual surfaces
050323 37
firm resilienttightly bound to underlying bone (except for marginal gingiva)
050323 38
ndash feature of healthy gingiva however may be absent in healthy gingiva
ndash Stipplingbull attached gingiva_yesbull marginal gingiva_nondash Less prominent in lingual aspects
050323 39
the outer surface of gingiva is covered with a thick layer of keratinised sratified squamous epithelium with finger like projections [rete pegs] into the dense collagen underneath the strong attacment of collagen to epithelium between the rete pegs causes the gingiva to have a stippled surface when it is normal and not inflamed
050323 40
Connective tissue that surrounds the root and connect it to the bone continuous with connective tissue of gingiva
050323 41
050323 42
Principle Fibers of the Periodontal LigamentAC - alveolar crest fibersH - horizontal fibersOBL - oblique fibersPA - periapical fibersIR - interradicular fibers
050323 43
050323 44
Tooth supportShock absorber Withstanding the forces of masticationSensory receptor necessary for proper positioning of the jawNutritive blood vessels provide the essential nutrients to the vitality of the PDL
050323 45
It is a hard avascular connective tissue that covers the roots of teeth
050323 46
Cementum is more resistant to resorption Important in permitting orthodontic tooth movement
050323 47
050323 48
050323 49
the portion of the maxilla and mandible that forms and suppor the tooth sockets It forms when tooth erupts and disappears gradually after tooth loss
050323 50
1 Alveolar bone or1048708Cribiform plate1048708Alveolar wall1048708Lamina dura
2 Trabecular bone3 Compact bone
050323 51
050323 52
Periapical Radiograph of Maxillary Posterior
Region AC - alveolar crest LD - lamina duraPDL - periodontal ligament050323 53
050323 54
Silabus PeriodontiPeter F Pedi
Essentials of PeriodonticsPhilip M Hoag
Clinical periodontologyCarranza
1 Healthy gingiva in the person young
2 Healthy lightly pigmented gingivabullAG is stippledbullThis pigmentattion results from the synthesis of melanin by melanocytes located in the basal layer of the epithelium (brown spots)
3 Healthy deeply pigmented gingivabullRecession in the mandibular anterior areabullThe alveolar crest is located ca2mm apical to CEJ1
050323 36
Follows a scalloped outline on facial and lingual surfaces
050323 37
firm resilienttightly bound to underlying bone (except for marginal gingiva)
050323 38
ndash feature of healthy gingiva however may be absent in healthy gingiva
ndash Stipplingbull attached gingiva_yesbull marginal gingiva_nondash Less prominent in lingual aspects
050323 39
the outer surface of gingiva is covered with a thick layer of keratinised sratified squamous epithelium with finger like projections [rete pegs] into the dense collagen underneath the strong attacment of collagen to epithelium between the rete pegs causes the gingiva to have a stippled surface when it is normal and not inflamed
050323 40
Connective tissue that surrounds the root and connect it to the bone continuous with connective tissue of gingiva
050323 41
050323 42
Principle Fibers of the Periodontal LigamentAC - alveolar crest fibersH - horizontal fibersOBL - oblique fibersPA - periapical fibersIR - interradicular fibers
050323 43
050323 44
Tooth supportShock absorber Withstanding the forces of masticationSensory receptor necessary for proper positioning of the jawNutritive blood vessels provide the essential nutrients to the vitality of the PDL
050323 45
It is a hard avascular connective tissue that covers the roots of teeth
050323 46
Cementum is more resistant to resorption Important in permitting orthodontic tooth movement
050323 47
050323 48
050323 49
the portion of the maxilla and mandible that forms and suppor the tooth sockets It forms when tooth erupts and disappears gradually after tooth loss
050323 50
1 Alveolar bone or1048708Cribiform plate1048708Alveolar wall1048708Lamina dura
2 Trabecular bone3 Compact bone
050323 51
050323 52
Periapical Radiograph of Maxillary Posterior
Region AC - alveolar crest LD - lamina duraPDL - periodontal ligament050323 53
050323 54
Silabus PeriodontiPeter F Pedi
Essentials of PeriodonticsPhilip M Hoag
Clinical periodontologyCarranza
Follows a scalloped outline on facial and lingual surfaces
050323 37
firm resilienttightly bound to underlying bone (except for marginal gingiva)
050323 38
ndash feature of healthy gingiva however may be absent in healthy gingiva
ndash Stipplingbull attached gingiva_yesbull marginal gingiva_nondash Less prominent in lingual aspects
050323 39
the outer surface of gingiva is covered with a thick layer of keratinised sratified squamous epithelium with finger like projections [rete pegs] into the dense collagen underneath the strong attacment of collagen to epithelium between the rete pegs causes the gingiva to have a stippled surface when it is normal and not inflamed
050323 40
Connective tissue that surrounds the root and connect it to the bone continuous with connective tissue of gingiva
050323 41
050323 42
Principle Fibers of the Periodontal LigamentAC - alveolar crest fibersH - horizontal fibersOBL - oblique fibersPA - periapical fibersIR - interradicular fibers
050323 43
050323 44
Tooth supportShock absorber Withstanding the forces of masticationSensory receptor necessary for proper positioning of the jawNutritive blood vessels provide the essential nutrients to the vitality of the PDL
050323 45
It is a hard avascular connective tissue that covers the roots of teeth
050323 46
Cementum is more resistant to resorption Important in permitting orthodontic tooth movement
050323 47
050323 48
050323 49
the portion of the maxilla and mandible that forms and suppor the tooth sockets It forms when tooth erupts and disappears gradually after tooth loss
050323 50
1 Alveolar bone or1048708Cribiform plate1048708Alveolar wall1048708Lamina dura
2 Trabecular bone3 Compact bone
050323 51
050323 52
Periapical Radiograph of Maxillary Posterior
Region AC - alveolar crest LD - lamina duraPDL - periodontal ligament050323 53
050323 54
Silabus PeriodontiPeter F Pedi
Essentials of PeriodonticsPhilip M Hoag
Clinical periodontologyCarranza
firm resilienttightly bound to underlying bone (except for marginal gingiva)
050323 38
ndash feature of healthy gingiva however may be absent in healthy gingiva
ndash Stipplingbull attached gingiva_yesbull marginal gingiva_nondash Less prominent in lingual aspects
050323 39
the outer surface of gingiva is covered with a thick layer of keratinised sratified squamous epithelium with finger like projections [rete pegs] into the dense collagen underneath the strong attacment of collagen to epithelium between the rete pegs causes the gingiva to have a stippled surface when it is normal and not inflamed
050323 40
Connective tissue that surrounds the root and connect it to the bone continuous with connective tissue of gingiva
050323 41
050323 42
Principle Fibers of the Periodontal LigamentAC - alveolar crest fibersH - horizontal fibersOBL - oblique fibersPA - periapical fibersIR - interradicular fibers
050323 43
050323 44
Tooth supportShock absorber Withstanding the forces of masticationSensory receptor necessary for proper positioning of the jawNutritive blood vessels provide the essential nutrients to the vitality of the PDL
050323 45
It is a hard avascular connective tissue that covers the roots of teeth
050323 46
Cementum is more resistant to resorption Important in permitting orthodontic tooth movement
050323 47
050323 48
050323 49
the portion of the maxilla and mandible that forms and suppor the tooth sockets It forms when tooth erupts and disappears gradually after tooth loss
050323 50
1 Alveolar bone or1048708Cribiform plate1048708Alveolar wall1048708Lamina dura
2 Trabecular bone3 Compact bone
050323 51
050323 52
Periapical Radiograph of Maxillary Posterior
Region AC - alveolar crest LD - lamina duraPDL - periodontal ligament050323 53
050323 54
Silabus PeriodontiPeter F Pedi
Essentials of PeriodonticsPhilip M Hoag
Clinical periodontologyCarranza
ndash feature of healthy gingiva however may be absent in healthy gingiva
ndash Stipplingbull attached gingiva_yesbull marginal gingiva_nondash Less prominent in lingual aspects
050323 39
the outer surface of gingiva is covered with a thick layer of keratinised sratified squamous epithelium with finger like projections [rete pegs] into the dense collagen underneath the strong attacment of collagen to epithelium between the rete pegs causes the gingiva to have a stippled surface when it is normal and not inflamed
050323 40
Connective tissue that surrounds the root and connect it to the bone continuous with connective tissue of gingiva
050323 41
050323 42
Principle Fibers of the Periodontal LigamentAC - alveolar crest fibersH - horizontal fibersOBL - oblique fibersPA - periapical fibersIR - interradicular fibers
050323 43
050323 44
Tooth supportShock absorber Withstanding the forces of masticationSensory receptor necessary for proper positioning of the jawNutritive blood vessels provide the essential nutrients to the vitality of the PDL
050323 45
It is a hard avascular connective tissue that covers the roots of teeth
050323 46
Cementum is more resistant to resorption Important in permitting orthodontic tooth movement
050323 47
050323 48
050323 49
the portion of the maxilla and mandible that forms and suppor the tooth sockets It forms when tooth erupts and disappears gradually after tooth loss
050323 50
1 Alveolar bone or1048708Cribiform plate1048708Alveolar wall1048708Lamina dura
2 Trabecular bone3 Compact bone
050323 51
050323 52
Periapical Radiograph of Maxillary Posterior
Region AC - alveolar crest LD - lamina duraPDL - periodontal ligament050323 53
050323 54
Silabus PeriodontiPeter F Pedi
Essentials of PeriodonticsPhilip M Hoag
Clinical periodontologyCarranza
the outer surface of gingiva is covered with a thick layer of keratinised sratified squamous epithelium with finger like projections [rete pegs] into the dense collagen underneath the strong attacment of collagen to epithelium between the rete pegs causes the gingiva to have a stippled surface when it is normal and not inflamed
050323 40
Connective tissue that surrounds the root and connect it to the bone continuous with connective tissue of gingiva
050323 41
050323 42
Principle Fibers of the Periodontal LigamentAC - alveolar crest fibersH - horizontal fibersOBL - oblique fibersPA - periapical fibersIR - interradicular fibers
050323 43
050323 44
Tooth supportShock absorber Withstanding the forces of masticationSensory receptor necessary for proper positioning of the jawNutritive blood vessels provide the essential nutrients to the vitality of the PDL
050323 45
It is a hard avascular connective tissue that covers the roots of teeth
050323 46
Cementum is more resistant to resorption Important in permitting orthodontic tooth movement
050323 47
050323 48
050323 49
the portion of the maxilla and mandible that forms and suppor the tooth sockets It forms when tooth erupts and disappears gradually after tooth loss
050323 50
1 Alveolar bone or1048708Cribiform plate1048708Alveolar wall1048708Lamina dura
2 Trabecular bone3 Compact bone
050323 51
050323 52
Periapical Radiograph of Maxillary Posterior
Region AC - alveolar crest LD - lamina duraPDL - periodontal ligament050323 53
050323 54
Silabus PeriodontiPeter F Pedi
Essentials of PeriodonticsPhilip M Hoag
Clinical periodontologyCarranza
Connective tissue that surrounds the root and connect it to the bone continuous with connective tissue of gingiva
050323 41
050323 42
Principle Fibers of the Periodontal LigamentAC - alveolar crest fibersH - horizontal fibersOBL - oblique fibersPA - periapical fibersIR - interradicular fibers
050323 43
050323 44
Tooth supportShock absorber Withstanding the forces of masticationSensory receptor necessary for proper positioning of the jawNutritive blood vessels provide the essential nutrients to the vitality of the PDL
050323 45
It is a hard avascular connective tissue that covers the roots of teeth
050323 46
Cementum is more resistant to resorption Important in permitting orthodontic tooth movement
050323 47
050323 48
050323 49
the portion of the maxilla and mandible that forms and suppor the tooth sockets It forms when tooth erupts and disappears gradually after tooth loss
050323 50
1 Alveolar bone or1048708Cribiform plate1048708Alveolar wall1048708Lamina dura
2 Trabecular bone3 Compact bone
050323 51
050323 52
Periapical Radiograph of Maxillary Posterior
Region AC - alveolar crest LD - lamina duraPDL - periodontal ligament050323 53
050323 54
Silabus PeriodontiPeter F Pedi
Essentials of PeriodonticsPhilip M Hoag
Clinical periodontologyCarranza
050323 42
Principle Fibers of the Periodontal LigamentAC - alveolar crest fibersH - horizontal fibersOBL - oblique fibersPA - periapical fibersIR - interradicular fibers
050323 43
050323 44
Tooth supportShock absorber Withstanding the forces of masticationSensory receptor necessary for proper positioning of the jawNutritive blood vessels provide the essential nutrients to the vitality of the PDL
050323 45
It is a hard avascular connective tissue that covers the roots of teeth
050323 46
Cementum is more resistant to resorption Important in permitting orthodontic tooth movement
050323 47
050323 48
050323 49
the portion of the maxilla and mandible that forms and suppor the tooth sockets It forms when tooth erupts and disappears gradually after tooth loss
050323 50
1 Alveolar bone or1048708Cribiform plate1048708Alveolar wall1048708Lamina dura
2 Trabecular bone3 Compact bone
050323 51
050323 52
Periapical Radiograph of Maxillary Posterior
Region AC - alveolar crest LD - lamina duraPDL - periodontal ligament050323 53
050323 54
Silabus PeriodontiPeter F Pedi
Essentials of PeriodonticsPhilip M Hoag
Clinical periodontologyCarranza
Principle Fibers of the Periodontal LigamentAC - alveolar crest fibersH - horizontal fibersOBL - oblique fibersPA - periapical fibersIR - interradicular fibers
050323 43
050323 44
Tooth supportShock absorber Withstanding the forces of masticationSensory receptor necessary for proper positioning of the jawNutritive blood vessels provide the essential nutrients to the vitality of the PDL
050323 45
It is a hard avascular connective tissue that covers the roots of teeth
050323 46
Cementum is more resistant to resorption Important in permitting orthodontic tooth movement
050323 47
050323 48
050323 49
the portion of the maxilla and mandible that forms and suppor the tooth sockets It forms when tooth erupts and disappears gradually after tooth loss
050323 50
1 Alveolar bone or1048708Cribiform plate1048708Alveolar wall1048708Lamina dura
2 Trabecular bone3 Compact bone
050323 51
050323 52
Periapical Radiograph of Maxillary Posterior
Region AC - alveolar crest LD - lamina duraPDL - periodontal ligament050323 53
050323 54
Silabus PeriodontiPeter F Pedi
Essentials of PeriodonticsPhilip M Hoag
Clinical periodontologyCarranza
050323 44
Tooth supportShock absorber Withstanding the forces of masticationSensory receptor necessary for proper positioning of the jawNutritive blood vessels provide the essential nutrients to the vitality of the PDL
050323 45
It is a hard avascular connective tissue that covers the roots of teeth
050323 46
Cementum is more resistant to resorption Important in permitting orthodontic tooth movement
050323 47
050323 48
050323 49
the portion of the maxilla and mandible that forms and suppor the tooth sockets It forms when tooth erupts and disappears gradually after tooth loss
050323 50
1 Alveolar bone or1048708Cribiform plate1048708Alveolar wall1048708Lamina dura
2 Trabecular bone3 Compact bone
050323 51
050323 52
Periapical Radiograph of Maxillary Posterior
Region AC - alveolar crest LD - lamina duraPDL - periodontal ligament050323 53
050323 54
Silabus PeriodontiPeter F Pedi
Essentials of PeriodonticsPhilip M Hoag
Clinical periodontologyCarranza
Tooth supportShock absorber Withstanding the forces of masticationSensory receptor necessary for proper positioning of the jawNutritive blood vessels provide the essential nutrients to the vitality of the PDL
050323 45
It is a hard avascular connective tissue that covers the roots of teeth
050323 46
Cementum is more resistant to resorption Important in permitting orthodontic tooth movement
050323 47
050323 48
050323 49
the portion of the maxilla and mandible that forms and suppor the tooth sockets It forms when tooth erupts and disappears gradually after tooth loss
050323 50
1 Alveolar bone or1048708Cribiform plate1048708Alveolar wall1048708Lamina dura
2 Trabecular bone3 Compact bone
050323 51
050323 52
Periapical Radiograph of Maxillary Posterior
Region AC - alveolar crest LD - lamina duraPDL - periodontal ligament050323 53
050323 54
Silabus PeriodontiPeter F Pedi
Essentials of PeriodonticsPhilip M Hoag
Clinical periodontologyCarranza
It is a hard avascular connective tissue that covers the roots of teeth
050323 46
Cementum is more resistant to resorption Important in permitting orthodontic tooth movement
050323 47
050323 48
050323 49
the portion of the maxilla and mandible that forms and suppor the tooth sockets It forms when tooth erupts and disappears gradually after tooth loss
050323 50
1 Alveolar bone or1048708Cribiform plate1048708Alveolar wall1048708Lamina dura
2 Trabecular bone3 Compact bone
050323 51
050323 52
Periapical Radiograph of Maxillary Posterior
Region AC - alveolar crest LD - lamina duraPDL - periodontal ligament050323 53
050323 54
Silabus PeriodontiPeter F Pedi
Essentials of PeriodonticsPhilip M Hoag
Clinical periodontologyCarranza
Cementum is more resistant to resorption Important in permitting orthodontic tooth movement
050323 47
050323 48
050323 49
the portion of the maxilla and mandible that forms and suppor the tooth sockets It forms when tooth erupts and disappears gradually after tooth loss
050323 50
1 Alveolar bone or1048708Cribiform plate1048708Alveolar wall1048708Lamina dura
2 Trabecular bone3 Compact bone
050323 51
050323 52
Periapical Radiograph of Maxillary Posterior
Region AC - alveolar crest LD - lamina duraPDL - periodontal ligament050323 53
050323 54
Silabus PeriodontiPeter F Pedi
Essentials of PeriodonticsPhilip M Hoag
Clinical periodontologyCarranza
050323 48
050323 49
the portion of the maxilla and mandible that forms and suppor the tooth sockets It forms when tooth erupts and disappears gradually after tooth loss
050323 50
1 Alveolar bone or1048708Cribiform plate1048708Alveolar wall1048708Lamina dura
2 Trabecular bone3 Compact bone
050323 51
050323 52
Periapical Radiograph of Maxillary Posterior
Region AC - alveolar crest LD - lamina duraPDL - periodontal ligament050323 53
050323 54
Silabus PeriodontiPeter F Pedi
Essentials of PeriodonticsPhilip M Hoag
Clinical periodontologyCarranza
050323 49
the portion of the maxilla and mandible that forms and suppor the tooth sockets It forms when tooth erupts and disappears gradually after tooth loss
050323 50
1 Alveolar bone or1048708Cribiform plate1048708Alveolar wall1048708Lamina dura
2 Trabecular bone3 Compact bone
050323 51
050323 52
Periapical Radiograph of Maxillary Posterior
Region AC - alveolar crest LD - lamina duraPDL - periodontal ligament050323 53
050323 54
Silabus PeriodontiPeter F Pedi
Essentials of PeriodonticsPhilip M Hoag
Clinical periodontologyCarranza
the portion of the maxilla and mandible that forms and suppor the tooth sockets It forms when tooth erupts and disappears gradually after tooth loss
050323 50
1 Alveolar bone or1048708Cribiform plate1048708Alveolar wall1048708Lamina dura
2 Trabecular bone3 Compact bone
050323 51
050323 52
Periapical Radiograph of Maxillary Posterior
Region AC - alveolar crest LD - lamina duraPDL - periodontal ligament050323 53
050323 54
Silabus PeriodontiPeter F Pedi
Essentials of PeriodonticsPhilip M Hoag
Clinical periodontologyCarranza
1 Alveolar bone or1048708Cribiform plate1048708Alveolar wall1048708Lamina dura
2 Trabecular bone3 Compact bone
050323 51
050323 52
Periapical Radiograph of Maxillary Posterior
Region AC - alveolar crest LD - lamina duraPDL - periodontal ligament050323 53
050323 54
Silabus PeriodontiPeter F Pedi
Essentials of PeriodonticsPhilip M Hoag
Clinical periodontologyCarranza
050323 52
Periapical Radiograph of Maxillary Posterior
Region AC - alveolar crest LD - lamina duraPDL - periodontal ligament050323 53
050323 54
Silabus PeriodontiPeter F Pedi
Essentials of PeriodonticsPhilip M Hoag
Clinical periodontologyCarranza
Periapical Radiograph of Maxillary Posterior
Region AC - alveolar crest LD - lamina duraPDL - periodontal ligament050323 53
050323 54
Silabus PeriodontiPeter F Pedi
Essentials of PeriodonticsPhilip M Hoag
Clinical periodontologyCarranza
050323 54
Silabus PeriodontiPeter F Pedi
Essentials of PeriodonticsPhilip M Hoag
Clinical periodontologyCarranza
Silabus PeriodontiPeter F Pedi
Essentials of PeriodonticsPhilip M Hoag
Clinical periodontologyCarranza
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