AndhraYogulu

7/29/2019 AndhraYogulu

1/199

195

+T\T(d|eTu>eTT)

s#sTT

& _.seTsE

us|uT+ Hwq dsY b|dsY

V


2/199

$wjTd

1. u>eTs|k$T (15eX+) 698. yTsbq (15eX+ss+) 779. ujT(18eX+) 11812.+e


3/199

d

T\ #]\T y\Te&q$. nHs>

d+#jTeTT d]+q16eT+~j>T\

de#sd|eTu>eT |sT|{HsT. s+s

|]X n_eq+ eTT~+q z+ksTT

>| y]\T.

T+duT \T.


4/199

n++

lll u>yHdksTTuuy]


5/199

+T\T (d|eTu>eTT)

b|dsY _.seTsE

1-8-117/2, &|*, V


6/199

1

1. u>e


7/199

2

+T\T d|eT u>eTT|b~+#Tq~


8/199

3

dT # Xsq+


9/199

4

+T\T d|eT u>eTT|


10/199

5

$wjTeTT\T *d= eTT syTXs bTqT #|eTy+ &TbsTTHsT. eT


11/199

6

+T\T d|eT u>eTTsTq+_ seqTE\T wq ys $ seqTE\qT&s |]jTq+_ |+|HsT. n|{ fie+q+#dHsT. seqTE >q+ $ w $#]d eT

>TsTe\T, +N|PsT\ >TsTe\ s#qeT eTVq+ fie+


12/199

7

sTq+_ uVDsT\H q#| y]jT& esTd>eT&TksT | #dq~. seqTE + #|H, V#]+H$q


13/199

8

+T\T d|eT u>eTTH\\T+&


14/199

9

+ fie+eVbTqeTV >jT\T sTes+>+ |sTefijTsT\qT +|+|HsT. jTq eT ny|TyTq ~e|+q+seqTE\qT yT|+, es+ b+~, seqTE\qT ls+>+se{ |+HsT. seqTE\ ls+>+ >=|k>+\_++~. fie+ jTsE\T

ls+>+ e |sD> seTHsT. e]k] jTsE\T LsX seT+f sTe] &=eHyeT |d


15/199

10

+T\T d|eT u>eTTeT eT+ssVd+ $q +q+ eTTsHsT.>w|PsT\ V


16/199

11

jTsE\ w\T jTsE\ D #|+ e+=| |$T&HsT. |eTJe\T+> u>eV bTs eTsTH&TH \js\ w+ &HsT. \, $


17/199

12

+T\T d|eT u>eTT{ eTVs dyX+ nsT yfifl| q& | m q w&T u>ee

|+#TTq seqT |wy{ s |$ \qTfiXdq+ #dyTqeeT sTeT\q+_ #+ d+es+ $c


18/199

13

*' |PsyT >eTD $ue


19/199

14

+T\T d|eT u>eTT|q'|w+HsT. =+ n& e us\qT XTe\T


20/199

15

LsX\ n+eTd+ks+ yrs+ ]|+


21/199

16

+T\T d|eT u>eTTeT~yTfifl seqTC#sT\T.


22/199

17

2. |V&w|t uuwsBH

(1178`1279)

K+&+s\qT+& us


23/199

18

+T\T d|eT u>eTTeTVeT


24/199

19

J$+ |T]+, |s|s |]De >T]+#dq |e#H\T X\qT m+ |u$T\qT $+q$.*+> m+eTTHsT.H{s \ wsBH eTVeT


25/199

20

+T\T d|eT u>eTTwsBH q keTqd+, eyTq, desq n#{qT\qT eT #d= y] dVyk, kqTud+b~+H&T. qT $&~ #d=q >T| >TV=$T~ d+es\T |dT (w) #d d~b+~ qs eTTUT&y&T =+ T #d=H&T. eTH|& u +# y&T. H&T >T&y&T eTqTZs |T= T&y&T nsTd q eT rd= |sT> yy+&+


26/199

21

b*|. n =&T. u\T&T y~>dT&H&T. q e+X+s s+#Te+ =s n&TXsTT+# y


27/199

22

+T\T d|eT u>eTTn~ $ksyTq ~. ne*y| beqqT=q u\ +&~. n{ be+ XeTL&q |H \+L& e N*bjTT #dH&. u$wj jTq eTVeT\ {> #|+{sT.uuwsBH bsq\ |]|Ps|ue+ +&~. s>T\T,

s>Tq _&\\T\T jTq \qT y~+#THysT. jTq y]=s b]+y]


28/199

23

687VJ (1279AD) s b+#uyT q Xs|]+ n + #+~H&T. q k


29/199

24

+T\T d|eT u>eTTCs (sY)\T sT>TT+{sTT. n$ = @~q|s+eTT\T> eT]= |+#d|~q|s+eTT\T. @&TsE\T ]>Cs j #bsTTq~q+ q&$T


30/199

25

3. +usT\T (12e XeTT)

u>e


31/199

26

+T\T d|eT u>eTTjTq eTV |+&T&q Cqd+Hd y


32/199

27

|eT u+> \ eTqTjjTT \~d+U\T. M]sfieTsT se+ |+eT+


33/199

28

+T\T d|eT u>eTT+usT\ w eTTKT\T lyk#sT\T, WseTTU#sT\T, \D u{#sT\T. eT+|d


34/199

29

due -bddeTdTDsyT

ePV+q+V|s+esD+TyyTewuqTC+eTTyT

dFdVd'|]d$+d


35/199

30

+T\T d|eT u>eTT+us#sT\ |sT |deqT seq+TsTHq |+CuqT y*+qT \T>T +>\Tb]+HsT. d+| Hs


36/199

31

u>eyT eTTKyTq >+e+ lw\\T u~+#ysT. e\u#sT\T Ts+e u>eeTjTeTeT, nsqeTT, d#V


37/199

32

+T\T d|eT u>eTT

4. d+V] we#sT\T

(13, 14 XeTT\T)

+jTyvjT |+eT&T we#sT\T.jTq q|++


38/199

33

+q d+s >eT+ $Tfi T]+_H_bjTeTT\T |{+HsT. \XKsse>sTwe#sT\T eTVuq>s+ |{ d+sT H{

d+ePsT >eT+ |{jTT+{s, jTq b+~+q\sT >eT+ L& eTVuq>s+ +\ d+\sn\H{ d+sHsT. ||sTe\T qT d k\qT{ we#sT\

*TMTk\ c&Xfi|PsT&q #+e


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34

+T\T d|eT u>eTTs+>#sT\T d+V] e nD >T]+ q _&

|+& #dH&T. |+& esV qsd+Vk$T L&eH&. w e#sT\ >&+~.


40/199

35

qj\ nVA_\ Hsd+VQ&T q+~+# y& $q+# n|{ q H&T. we#sT\sTT\T #|kqT s+& y] &=b # y]*| qT eTT+ bsTT \y+T\T, MTdeTT\T=]+#T= $s yw+ u>eT\qT \TdTH&T.]H=sT d>se+> d+u$+#THsT. we#sT\T

u>eT\ H$HeT\ H+ we#sT\ d+^+$q+ >T]+q ujTT\T, MT eT\+>H u>e+T&TeH&+f H eH& ]H=sT

>s$+#THsT. qT T]+q we#sT\T d>TZ|&ys>+ |PHsT. we#sT\T eTT n|{ #Tse#q d+sq +qT \jT~y\T yjTe\d jTTqTbeT] u>eT\ #|HsT.

we#sT\T d+sq\T b&TT+f d+V]k$T|T++ ydy& |r. u\b\T u>e+T&TyjT+ eTq+ #eT+~ ue\ #] #keTT.leTHsjTDT&T q |sH+T n&dT eT


41/199

36

+T\T d|eT u>eTTss\| #+ d+V#\+ u+& >s+ us+ +&~ u\T. we#sT\T eT d+sq\Tb&T d+V#\+, zsT>\T, ls+>+ J$+ >&|qTVeTT\Tq$. d+sT we#sT\ eTT&T

nq+#sT\T sd b+ d]+H&T. we#sT\T d+sT]e n& qq dsd+ |+|{ ||sTe\T @\T \sH >eT+ b+~+HsT. +\+>eTT sdT+&q qsV] d+sq\T #Ts >+eTTq |jTq yTHsT. s


42/199

37

qy] we#sT\T eTVT&T, jTq~ sTTwyHL n


43/199

38

+T\T d|eT u>eTT|{yTq$. n$jT d+V] k$TqTe

H&\ |d_&H, H we#sT q=Hfifl $s+&H, > X+>sd+sqeTT\, >|&eT+ bjT| y&H qH& nqe#s #] k +.fiflb sTy+>fiH+


44/199

39

yweeT d


45/199

40

+T\T d|eT u>eTT

ds#+


46/199

41

$wjTeTT\T qeTT Cd, jT#qTq eTVT\ >qT+>=

z eTVTs! u\T CsqbXq #|qjTHqTH$


47/199

42

+T\T d|eT u>eTTwe#sT\ e#qeTT\| u>eT]+HsT.

fisT\ eT\+> $Tfi+ k] y k], nqe#sT\ eT\+>

s+&ek] yT y\jT+ +


48/199

43

5. fiflb nqeTjT

(1424`1503)

\T>T |+q fiflbnqe#sT\T d+^ kV eTT\ esZD+ u dk\T |P{>|+&+q |seT u>eeTT\T uj>+ y+fXsTyT|+q jT$ |{_w+ #dHsT. | |T u + >jTde+ nqe#sT\ H{#\Te y+fXs k$T b $Tfi+ yqT, sT| y+q u&q nqeTjT eT\+>qT


49/199

44

+T\T d|eT u>eTTyT s+&TksT y\d+~. jTq \T>TCb'dsDjTT&T. jTq eT\+> |T b\yT


50/199

45

|*d |*y&T. HsjTDd] y


51/199

46

+T\T d|eT u>eTT\jTsT>T+&T, lbfi $>V


52/199

47

ydeTT+Tq |Tq$weH ywejT eTVu>eT&Tu >ee


53/199

48

+T\T d|eT u>eTTd+sq #=|q sd, ]|T+> =qk+H&T. ywey


54/199

49

fiflb nqeTjT

u+>eTT\T e #Ty n y&T+f d+\\&q$.~ |+> #q sjT\T nqeTjT k\|&esD ]H&T.

nqe#sT\T sEqT $T+ sCXjT+ $&sTeT\ #] eT d+s qjT+ =qk+HsT.

nqeTjT d+sq\T yT y+fXsT&jTq | VAy nqeTjT bZHysT. eV+ jTq y~ *q~. jTq H{y+e# e\T ns ]>$. H&T k$T Hy

|{q e$T&|+&T |\> +&+ >eT+ #T|+&T

jTe>T> n+f jT |+&q$. |


55/199

50

+T\T d|eT u>eTTneseT dTd, nqeTjT |s+jT&T yd ,s y$


56/199

51

fiflb nqeTjT

sTeT\ + $TfiH&T. +


57/199

52

+T\T d|eT u>eTTesTd\T yd+ #~$HqT. H{ dud


58/199

53

fiflb nqeTjTfiflb e\T ` yd+ bs+u+ nqe#sT\

y] |PsT\qT d]+HeTT. nT sTy ue\s#q\T # q$. nqeTjT>] ] s+&e us n\eT` y]

d+q+ 1) |T\ kV

de nbs+.

u>e


59/199

54

+T\T d|eT u>eTTnC$Tfi


60/199

55

$+sT (sT|, b#* |du+&>s+) n+~+q de#s+.

3) $jTq>s ywe


61/199

56

+T\T d|eT u>eTT

6. le\u#sT\T (1478 ` 1532)

le\u#sT\T k|+q~ X


62/199

57


63/199

58

+T\T d|eT u>eTT\DuT>sT y] + bjTysT.

@&eH\ #\T m\eT, =\~eT+~ +sT o $&HsT. m\eTqT eysT *q&q |jD+ #d ssTT eT


64/199

59

>T+&\ #s+ y| kHsT. n~ $eTX+1535 .X. 1478 yXK VQfi @


66/199

61

eTsTH&T


67/199

62

+T\T d|eT u>eTTysT zeTVsE


68/199

63

sdu yTT+&q$. nq |+& eT+&* le\uT\T e


69/199

64

+T\T d|eT u>eTTleTV\ |+&&HsT. d+|


70/199

65

n u$+ le\uT\T eT us nqTeT b+~,|j>ydT\T lHsjTDrsk$T y]e


71/199

66

+T\T d|eT u>eTTyUH\T, k\T |P]#dHsT. le\uT\ w&T

dV T&T


72/199

67

s+q 84 >+


73/199

68

+T\T d|eT u>eTT7) >| eT


74/199

69

7. eT~eqT >Ts|k$T

(15e X+)

&| Ts|>]| |$eTT, rseTT L&. lX\+ eTVq+~|s\qT+& Ts|>]| deT+ q~ &Tq qTq nHyweXe rs\ {. n& |sTkVT | +d\|

nH s+&T Z]Z] >e\Tq$. |sTkVT| eqT XsjT>sT


75/199

70

+T\T d|eT u>eTTbsV+ #dysT. y] =&T


76/199

71

eT\#T+, y] Vs+ e&d, ]seT+> ksde\T #dH&T. ssTT d+>+ sTy kTsTe>sT n+Ts|k$T B|+ sTeT Ts|k$T 16 n&T>T\ eT+q =eq usqT]+~. TsTe #T\T

eT~eqT >Ts|k$T


77/199

72

+T\T d|eT u>eTT$dfi fl rdT= edT+&> @sT b+bs\TTq~. >Ts|k$T nXqjTH\ >+>uy b]+H&T. yfi>TsTe>] j edTe\T deT]+#b >TsTTT+~. qqTs+#T H +>uy dd+TsTu, ] yT|yT B$+ |yV d+_+|Cd Ts|k$T |sT>T|sT>Tq bsTT edTe\T >TsTe\|+H&T. >TsTTs|k$T]q #|H&T. qT \ufX e]HsT. e >TsTyqT ~]+He, e+{qT+& y[flb nHsT. >Ts|k$T >TsT b]+H&T. n|&T |sTk$T ~ |. >=|q+ X #{qT Hfifl> |dTHeTT. e sT& yHe. ey+X d+uT&e. eTT+s+ We. u\ ]\T rs\sTe We. eT\+> V$sT>TT+~. e sDqT&e. eT\+> H

|sT|+|\T \T>TsTT. \>Ts+ yVq+, m, H=d$u, eT


79/199

74

+T\T d|eT u>eTTd{ eT&T>Tfifl q& bsTTse+ +~> +&~.|PC] q uTs|k$T |H me]Hn|+#eqqTHsT. qqT u X+s u\&T> yq+{H&T. yT\T+s u\&T q&&T. mesTHjTH n n& de


80/199

75

s|+ #|H&H&T. H |PC] >T& d++~+q&yT+T |PC keT >Ts|>] | |\ n|+H&T.

1881 qT+& \jT | Hs& Xcs&+TH&T. |Ps+ @{ qT= | +&~. >Ts|k$T |jTT\qT >=\ujT ]| n |sT

|T=+&. MTqT\T d]d $TeTT\ b&Tqy] es$THsT. qqT eT~eqT >Ts|k$T>|\Te+&. H y+ bseT \TdT+~. H kVs+T b\Hy+ Hy]|, s&={\, s+>deTTTfifl bsTT Hy >T&{ lse\jT+ ]+HsT. >Ts|k$T V+


81/199

76

+T\T d|eT u>eTTjTeTT, wDjTeTT, n]w&sZeTT, d|edqeTT\T,z+seTT, |+#bD>T\ VQT\ $eseTT\T,nqbXq+, d+bs >$T s\T yTTTs|k$Ty] |+#d\T I y+ e#$ bjT$1. |eT+eTw T.

1990 d+ >Ts|k$T >s>T&{ \jT |qsTeT+, yT


82/199

77

8. yTsbq

(15e X+`ss+)

bNH+esZ\


83/199

78

+T\T d|eT u>eTTbq. zsT>\T eT+&\+ q>eT \ yTs>eT+jTq qd\+ |PsT\yd+ L&. |sD+ VjT^eXd y$*=\qT dTuse bq sjT\deT +{$Ty& =*Hfifl y~+HsT MsX*+>+|+T\T, =eTiE \Dse |+T\T, nT sTy$ #]sT\+\Ty& nH #]


84/199

79

keTq (useT\eT) 1) s#q 2) nqjT 3) m\q4) njT\T |>& 5) e&T ;eTqeT+ nqjT(us >seT) keTq (useT\eT) m\q (us e#eT)

dq (us \e+). dq \e+\ d+q+1) |q 2) u>es bq. bq lH


85/199

80

+T\T d|eT u>eTT>eqT #TT|T >eqT |{ HsT. bq|PsT \+qy&, * \e+ dy jT, nq>sq |qXs dy eTT& e]+H&T.

ydT\y] d+d u>e|sD \T>T jTe+ $ y+ b+~H&T. n+(eT+s+ ) bsTT kq+ #d eTVXs T #+>qTq yT|T+T e& qT$qT+& H=|y&T ejTT e\ edTeTreTTu+ \T$\T eT|q s>Ty&T Hq s eTTKT&T|yT qT seTue+ qT>T#dq n++ #d ue+Tq qsVT&H&T. bq |*&~ u>eeT |*+#&Ty&T seTuTq, |*


86/199

81

ys=+&T >H (y&T R d' HRnV+ R k -V+. skyd' sd>+ V yjT+ \u --q+B ue)n XjTT&H&T. leTVu>e |sD b]CbT]+ zsT>\T ]e >TsTeD+ >+> n+{sT) #dq~ eT#d q qd|\+ #dT+{q q |qsq


87/199

82

+T\T d|eT u>eTT#Ts+> e |P+|&, HsT H=e+> V]sqT&Te&, H{\T\ &T|#T n+ s, u, Cq esZ\ ||+NsD+> d+H&T. esZ\T +r


88/199

83

bUq+ qT+& eT M]\ VQeeTT #


89/199

84

+T\T d|eT u>eTTs sE\T seTT >\T>y ++ eT&+jT(VIII`73,90,96, 590, 622), \j ywe ejTjseTTqTT +Te, seTTqqe~u+


90/199

85

qeTVd+u+T e\q |fijTyfi d+u d|d+


92/199

87

+Bes XeTT e+~dTeTT @$T |+T ddH==e+{ |eT&T yTsbq>sT \T>Ty] |{q _.

zjTeT esT&T,esTT+&qTb\T|sT>TeTq&e,bjTjTTu&+ey+T\T

&u+IX`120

lw|seT&T #dq y>q+ eTsb+& +


93/199

88

+T\T d|eT u>eTT

usrjT $+ 1) XeT$ 2) XjT$ 3) nqTue$ n eT&T rsT\T> #s u&\ seTjT>sT$+>&+HsT. eqy{ Xe\ + 'deTk' dTH ueqT n +# TTw\T eTTqT\T s+#~XeT $. n~ dV$. TD+> |+&e\Tyd sk\+sXj beTT\ >Tu[+|\T+&~XjT$. +


94/199

89

|yTjT+ me. ~ deTq sjT k+|T eTeed\qT ~]+ ydq~ e#T


95/199

90

+T\T d|eT u>eTTseT


96/199

91

bue+ ]|HsT. u


97/199

92

+T\T d|eT u>eTTVe+s+u>esq+ n~ |PC ds\ >|sE deT+> sbsTT+~. >sT #TT| s{bTe b++ eT+ @s&


98/199

93

u\ eTT# >=*|y&T. H&T eT\eT BjsjTjTT+&> s|TTseTT&T q&T#T+bsTT y&>+ >T+ |& dV sTTH&T. nqd+sD+ eTTd] #|+~. seT


99/199

94

+T\T d|eT u>eTTyw+ dTqTe+


100/199

95

1626`1672 \+ 1650 b+q q \ #]eT+> n_e~ e Hc He+s+ >\nTVdH KTTu \+ 1672`1687 |csTMTsYEe |


101/199

96

+T\T d|eT u>eTTeT&=+& sT eTT nq esT u


102/199

97

seT] s#q\ >] \TdT+


103/199

98

+T\T d|eT u>eTT

#T]+X HeT|bV+> e]+#+ # B

|sT. leTTDsTZDr d


104/199

99

u {e\ seT


105/199

100

+T\T d|eT u>eTT yd+ |q |P|\T ~ m.mdt. |k]

Xs>sT ydH& seT] B\ $es\T d]+q~ *|HsT.H& >+


106/199

101

10. s >sk$T

(1767 ` 1847)

\T>T uwqT


107/199

102

+T\T d|eT u>eTTyTsbq>] e >sk$TysT L& dsdrTysT


108/199

103

|d


109/199

104

+T\T d|eT u>eTTn&\qT q|& eTTqT eTT+=| u&>jT& W&H \D\T |+q$. u>eHeT+*> mesT> #dH @&T e ]+\T =fy&T.+&bT |PCeT+~s+ LsT+& k\T b&y&T. || q seTT $>V+ |{ b\T b&y&T.& u\Ts b\ b fi\T sT\T |T=

sq\T b&y&T. Xe> jTq V es\T =&+~. jT &T|H=| ed mes j eeTsTH{ ZbT+jT&T|H=| eTsTH&TjT+ |] |sT dT++> ePsT $& T\CJeTVsE>]q sTyjsT >eT+ eTs= sTT+{bsTTHsT. sTyjsT sTeT+q+ M~ qBsTT\T. sTG nsTT+] ee+ |] ejT. sTejsT d+dbsX\


110/199

105

+*> b+& + n\e&+~.*


111/199

106

+T\T d|eT u>eTTseTDjT >] d+^ >TsT\+qT+& d+^ $q+ $ n& # d|H&T. d+> *d d+w+seTV+>sT =&TqT y+>=bsTT X+] y+seTDjT>] |+ d+^+ Hs+& ]H&T. X+]y+seTDjT>sT >jT d+^ kV dVyeT+ jT&~H d+^Xg sVk\

u~+ HqT #|e\d+jT eT yTqeeT MD fiVdjT +>\d+^Xg >+


112/199

107

eTs T+u #&|sT dTH&T. s+&e =&T=+#+ eTT+H #bsTTH&T. q e+X+ ]+|Cd~>jT n \\T+, >jT 20e jT +&seTV+>sT \+ #dHsT. H\T>+ \T>>&jT 36ejT * deT>sT ~e+>Ts q~. >jT V


113/199

108

+T\T d|eT u>eTTuH\T #d eTT#&T |&THsT. \y] #d eq jT

s+&T sq dT+HsT.

eTTD @jT


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de sq n b& n+TsTe>sT ] +& y+ dTjT>sT+CePsT @sT#dq d+^du eT] eT] HyTTs*& nH sq @ m$T~ >+\T b& n&

d+^E\+seTT kq ys |+| >jT(Ds>+`| fi+) ~ #\dTKe seTTd~de dTKe n sCVq+ sd]+HsT.>sE\qT &Tse{ eTVsE HjTq sT\qT |+|+ eTT+ |+|q jT + @sEqT eTVsE q keTTqT @ $HH jT eTVsE>] D eTV q w\T =+VB.>jT lseTcq+jT |+#qBXs\jT eT+|+ |~q+

s >sk$T


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+T\T d|eT u>eTT

w eT 38 jT+&T |P] njTH{ 125000 ksT|+ 96 T |P]#d lseTks+ b+~HsT.n|&T #|q] d+> *d y]eTsTe>]#|ysT. eT+f |PsTq y>ZjTsT\ s#q\Tw\ u~d eTT @ $ d+|\s s|d >jT>s= >Ts Tw d+|{ |HTsTe,jTq w\e+{ w\T d+^ kV #] #nsT \_ksT. >jT s+&e us eT\eT>]

LTsT. d\. d\ nefi n>Vs++& | keTjT |+& #dHsT. n|&T jTqw\T n_eqT\T qT\T HsT. |\$ m\jT nHw&T d\DdyT jT>sT m+ eTT]d qqT b*+| q&


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ey H bDHjT>]50e @ eT\eT >sT Xs+ #*++~. >TsT\+w\T nj u>eT\T, dTseT u>eT\Te+{ysTe+ ysT, |s{ Ls>jT\ bTsT\de #dysT.

H{ + |s~|T\T |wys |+| >jT >sT =\~eT+~ w\ jT\T


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112

+T\T d|eT u>eTTb+~q \qT n_q+~+HsT. ~ &\T \sT wdyT+> sTeT\sT nqTcH ssTT n& y\ |V] u>+ qu$ j&T |& #b >jT H JeHjT>sT w++#] s+>HHk$T nXyVq| }s+| ZsqT+& #&


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b& =~H\ H>|D+ MT \TZ& #] |+#s\T b& c*+>sY #] j>\ qsd+Vk$Tj>+HjTT sq\eT+ sTyjsT#]HsT.

>sk$T sTr]q s>\T = n+


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+T\T d|eT u>eTT|ue+ y\dq >|\ @&+& w&T H$Vs+#d sd&\T d\+, >*yq H *|& sT+&TT+f >|\T Z+ | bsTT+&q d+^|yV+ >sjTT\ eTVq~jTq~. y] uq>w\T $q{d+^$esT dHdT\T eTVsE\TkeqT\T L& e#ysT. ly] ~eHeTd+sq\T ed+|] T\e ke dV,u


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115

sTHfi, oyd >|Hb\wus, sjT seTeT+>fi+, w{\ >$+TT+sT eTT qsd+VZjTsTjTqqT eT\T, w u>eT\T, dT+eT\T, +CePsTsese, nj u>eT\T, dTsjT u>eT\T, k\]dseTjT, neT*+>+ |fifl e+{ys+ZjTsT >TsTe\ T\ VQfi|#s+ *+q sk$T d+^k+ d~b+~,lseT ks+ n+~q eTVj. yeTT >\


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+T\T d|eT u>eTTk$TysT |seT&T y*> eTT# u> \TdTsnH sq b& j>de~ LsT+& b\uT X.X. 1769 |sue |wVQfi |+#$T Tsk$Ty] de~eT+~s+ 1`7`1925 {++u_w+ #sTT+q~. @f k$Ty] s


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117

sTeT\ sT| s>q du\ysT >s k$Ty] T\T,jT>H\T # #] |#T]d u>T+&TqT.

sk$T ` u+| s+se. _V#Y

|Xq, VsT

(080) 65988635` n+~+q de#s+.

s >sk$T


123/199

118

+T\T d|eT u>eTT

11. fi+ eTV|sTw s+>jT

(18e X+)

u>e+T&T me] m|&T nqT>Vk& *jTe{+\_dT+~. n{ysT =+H +& eTb|+q eTVeT\ # D+ #d |\qT eT~eX\eTT\T> ~jT>s=sT.s\T +


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119

sT+jT ] u&T, w&T.

fi+ +&qd >Eq y~ uVDT\TjT. s+>jT>] +f ||, qy&T dK|. y+u T c>]w \TbsVyT y] JeHTZsT =&T\ y+uT Jeqj k+HsTd\+ eTT>TZsT =&T\ e&T>T\T #dHsT. +&>]nT Zs qjT +eT+ $jT\TjT #eT\TT&T#T+ =\~ dMTbq e+ bTH&T. n yqT >\T>\TeTqT sT>C\

fi+ eTV|sTw s+>jT


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+T\T d|eT u>eTT#|&T $q|&q~. q yqT mes edTHs s+>jTyqT~] #d mes q&jT qC\ #|&T >\T>\TeT $q|&q~.s+>jT eTs\ yqT #H&T mes sT.q\T~\T |]+ #H&T mes q& @sT dMT|+ eT+fifl

d+ #\eT &T dT nTT ydTH&T. + >=\|\y&T e s+>jT&q #\eTqT |P&T

}s { dT #\TTH&T. s+>jT keTT&T qT>=\|\ yD yT\> eT+jT nyH&T. eTTw+ >=\|\yD m>~># @$T e\j, HqT wD eH? m+


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122

+T\T d|eT u>eTT>=|> +&q$ n+ $es\ #|H&T. VAy\T jT>sT *, qy]+jT sTeT\ b+&H @y #|TH&T |y&HsT. nT sTy s+>jT deTjT+& fi+qT n& sTeT\ qT qT *d=

jTq jT& ujTu\T \ysHsT. s+>jTqT eTV|sTw&HsT. sTeT\ sT| j #jTysTs+>jT d~H eT yTT\T #*+#T=HysTos] eTVeT#TT|T >e\y] *d jTq =+e sTq eT&T yTfifl eT+ q~. n& eT+{ =s. n+jT>] de#s+ \T|>H jTq n& bsTTq +&| bsTT y*+ nq+ &dT+&HsT.H&T ]uq+ |P] njTes q+& s]+~. uVDd+sD+ ]+~. n& |\+jT>]


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123

n|s CH nTs|& yHfi b>&HsT. |{sT|* u$ m|& sT+T+~. ]u$ n+{sT. n& |&T s+>jT>] +&~.\eq s >eTydT\TL& s+>jT>] eTeT>e\ &=bsTT eT+fifl ue\T |& d\T#|+#THsT. s+>jT>sT eTeT >e\ #dq

|s+ ss\T> |{ n& |\T #|+{sT.eTV|sTw s+>jT>sT


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+T\T d|eT u>eTTd+sD #dHsT. ~ *dq =+sT qyT>sT|j+# |\ uVDT }s+ qyTqT neeq |sH&\T #|HsT. qyT, cse>] |*|+ n&eT>TsTe +{ eTVT ~yH eTq$ #dH&T. nf >TsTeqT e esT >TsTe\qT &=bsTTHsT. n|{ qyTeTV|sTw s+>jT>] |+#T>qT e+kVseTT\T+q |fifls+| |T>T& |+ d |{H&T. n~d]+ |k ]H&T. s+>jT>sT bD#d, #jT>] @ $

HH +#eq XsTT+#TH&T. qyT |$qjT+|T+&T]+ nT+& eT d bsTTHsT. k jT>sT w&T cse +H eT

$&bsTTq$.X+ eTT eTTH q|&


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125

fi+ eTV|sTw s+>jTd#qMT e. eT&eH&T eTTsTe | |&TT+TsTeneeq|& eTsD+#+ +f $w+ #e+ yT\cse XsTT+#TH&T. qyT cse d usqT]H&T. yT us b{+$wb dT+&> >TsTe>syTqT *| |e s+>jT>] e* es+ |eT]H&T. s+>jT>] jT>sT lX\+ jeTT+ eTs\ s\T]eHsT. qyT c>w #d MT |


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127

Xs


133/199

128

+T\T d|eT u>eTT

12. +eH Xs+ #*ksT. =+


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129

|e |>H |]eT[+qT Xe s+>jT #|\T#w\T nk +&$. n+ bZqbjTy&T. +]> uqsq\T b&T]>y&T. dVV\T |{ n\+]+ |P\T #dy&T. dVT\Tsb y]+& |ksT bsTT rdTe uq\T#sTT+#y&T. &ysT uq #dT+f yTeTs#y&T.@sT= dVT\ u>e+T >] |Ps\| sT&T*d |+& |+#y&T. =+\+sTy bsX\ be+ e @++> +&y&T.

s+>jT $qjT ko\eTT\eT]. q+f qy]> |, |bT\ yfiflqT>, nj nen |*#y&T. d\q+, TTe\T>d+u$+#y&T. V] #{ bsTT uXsT |+&T = nq+ n&T>T _#+d+ *\T ]>y] XX |D+ Ls |+&T =qT

+e


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+T\T d|eT u>eTT#|H&T. *jT14`15 @+& bjT+ e#es ys> |PsT&H&T.

T+&> s+>jT eT dMTbq>\ |q~.yT n#\+ +{+#Tq k~. yT \Nsq\s$ jT yTqT XsTT+H&T. #+sTs+>jTqT | ]Xw+> d+u$+ |eT &|y&T. s+>jT y\+ |{q*


136/199

131

+ +=k] qe +&y&T. Vq+T&qqT qe=Hy&T. n+, |, e#q uT]+ jTqqT s+>e eT+HsT.

=+\+ sTy jTq #eT+~ w\T b>jTq b& b\T, |e


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132

+T\T d|eT u>eTTn\uyTb seTyVHsjYT>] |T\T q+sT ne ydHsT. nee


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@&esq e] #sD+ s+>T#T CjTTH jTe ` n+>qs |sd+>sT+>u+>|& #+, fiVs. $T>$ CquTsTw d+y


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134

+T\T d|eT u>eTTe


140/199

135

13. \


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+T\T d|eT u>eTT>TsTMTde~ |PCsT\T> +&eq, eT de


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=k] eT>eT+ My&T.qT\T &T |y&HsT. | =& yT >eT+ |] yTTs

|Tq~. s&>sT |seT

|eT+ ee rdTeHsT. n|{qT+& seTe eqeb&T mebTsTe\eT >=| eTVTs\T+&~. yTe+ y+seTjT

\


143/199

138

+T\T d|eT u>eTTnH eT] kTsTe\eT eT w\H&T HsTy & eTs= eTVT&T ek&T. D

d$+#+& #|q~. eTq seTs& #seTT+eT+ jT sdwH dMTbq q~.

seT>&TT+&$.jTq n+ b&T>]


144/199

139

usdyT+> bsTT uq#dTq seT


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+T\T d|eT u>eTTu\T&T { eTTq> ssT+ e |q *j&T

]+\T ={H&T. f eTs= q|\yD mif+&eT\eT\e& +&| nTT q&|+q n +&TT=\MT bT+&> n& q eT+#+|qT+&


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141

|s |+ ed jTq yT&qs+ { u> u~.n~ >eT+ #TTqysT


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+T\T d|eT u>eTTn+f n|Tsk$T H&HsT. eTs=k] y+ seTjTkMT! }] =++>]+{ q&+& n+f seTsT @MT nqT cs&L& { e

|+>T c s& eTsTT+{ uq @sT #dH&T.n+=&* n+

>T&T]$TH&T. me] ns+ + jT{ |&q|&T |w] |s~ |T\Te n~ |sXseT |w n, |sXseTT&T d+#]+q|=&+& ye. uq bZq eTs=s& qqT

s+& T ~H\++& >=& +& y{&eq mT+|ysT qT seTZs> |*q+H b]bsTTHsH&T.

|&T eqeb&T +Tq yTTVsY s+s&u\+ eq|] #~yy&T. jTq *


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143

|]yseT+ seT] u. |+&T>T H\TZ~H\d\e\ s+s& eqeb&T eH&T. ]bjTH&T*


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144

+T\T d|eT u>eTT

seTT\T >T]+q k$T H&T HjT >b qqTMT>eT+ neTsysTT rdTby n+f n&T #d+w+ k$T q uTC\| m+#T= jT\TTes bjTes k$T =+&+ sTyH&T. HjT>b k$T y>Teb q

}] ydTbsTTH&T. f eqeb&T qdTus&T&q|>\ sqT >T]+ k$T { nqTueyT*+HsT. >sV+seTT s ~& T&qe+{ >=| u&T.seT


150/199

145

sT>T nu @$T +>\T @$T +>\T m+q+m+q+ nHysT. n|& e\T me] ns+ Tq 20 @+& b+eT+ |\ >=\seTT\T, nqT|PsT dTusjTT&Te+{y] d|+H |yT k$TysT d+q+|k~+HsT. +


151/199

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+T\T d|eT u>eTT

|&TsTT nHsT. H&< sT>TTq~. eqeb&T|>eT+ jT+s. eT+ HsjTD u\T&T> k$T eTydT jTq XeT+ n+T& {+HsT.

ne $&s+> +T+~.seT |*\+ H\b q~. H{qT+& >&T k$TjT& ujTu\yT\T>TT+&y&T. k$T +> \T >ys &+y+ +ysT.=k] q&ssTT jT\T m{ bsTTe#ysT. n|&|&T XXq+ |&THysT. jTq


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147

#TT|T >e |


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+T\T d|eT u>eTTkU\qTu$dTHsT. sTesT eTVT\ desysT : 1) e|3) ne


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149

14. VqTeT=+& d


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150

+T\T d|eT u>eTT=&T sjT jTq (usseT\) M] \Ty\T+q>s+ yeTT\y& ssCXsT&T. TsT =&T\T. n+Xs

k$T s~+#~. M] d+q+ 1) seT\ 2) sjT3) *+>jT 4) k+eT]. H\Ze d+qyTq k+eT]>s eTq y\T>=+\& os~+H&. k+eT] |

|PsyT n seT\eT q>eT \ |+]nsTTT#jT $yV+ ]+~. k+eT] u\T&T>~q~q|eseqT&T WT+&> 3e jTH +& #+


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151

k+eT] ns\T >TD+\T n+\T m\T dTeT, w, Hsd+VX\T |


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+T\T d|eT u>eTTeT++


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153

|seT&T u>BZ #|q sj>+ u>qq~.sqTcq+ #dTq k+eT] ceTs @>L&q d+\ sV


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+T\T d|eT u>eTT ejT+ u]+# sT qT k+eT] |sq|$T++ n_w+ |+ ~+HsT. y] deTTq |jD+ebsT\qT |eTD


160/199

155

u>q+~. qT |P+# |P\T L& |seTe #seqH \+& e #se qqT +&TeTdTHsT. +>H |Pe $T>\+& |P\e #]bsTTq$. k+eT] # d+w+ *+~

$wjT+ eT u\ #|HsT. |+] #]q s+&TeT&+& k+eT]>sT


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156

+T\T d|eT u>eTT]bsTTHsT. u\T e* dTHsT. \ysT CeTTq4 >+\|&T k$T dVe q m+ +&qT q eT dV+> +&qu\T eT n seT\, eT * y+seTeT, eTus+\ yTT >T]+HsT. { y] sT>TT+f eT >


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157

e yTqT us> d]+#|


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+T\T d|eT u>eTTk$TysT k+eT]>sT fiVd sT| V+>]eTseTT\qT ly+fXs k$T ds\+suwT& d|sT JeHb~ +d s \eT\e\+_+HsT. yTq\T+&TbsTT +qT 10`12eT+~ \T\T y]+sT k+eT] j>esZ+ k~+q|> yT jTq uTsT|s+ n~sV+HsT. es+> {eT\ \HsjTD w\T ly] |+]


164/199

159

Ve\jT j d+\+ e]bsTTq~. |D\ seT|=+&| edd |X+ | ]+ y+qTqqeT $T> eT&e u>+ eTT & +|dT k>TT+f mes |{+#TuTq

NeT @jYT NeT\ MTs+ & +


166/199

161

jT{bsTT n


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162

+T\T d|eT u>eTT

>TsTe\ de~ d$+bjTysT. >TsTe\ de~|H\=*q e*+>+ _qyTq+sT> edq+ eydHsT. deTjT+ ysT d


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163

b+\ |+|HsT. k$TysT 1955 yd$ sj>sU|PsY\T d+] eT+~sb+eTT y] XeTyTq~. n|& >TsT


169/199

164

+T\T d|eT u>eTTnsq sTy k+eT] k$T 5 s.


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165

bsjTD+, keTV bsq uq sV+HsT.H&T k$T >T+&bT e+~. k$T dT|#]HsT. s+&T~H\T ]+~. eT&eH&T X.X.1901 d+\T k$TysT uVuTHsT. eTsTH&T y\ u\T w\T jT

14`11`79 TTsTe lMs |#e+de~eT+~s+ s+ y| de~ #d eT+&\+ ~H\T ks+ b+~q eTVT\ #jTe\dq se\T ]| eT+~s sD+ #dHsT.

eT+~s+ VqTeT=+& qT+& XjT+| yfifl s&TnqT |


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166

+T\T d|eT u>eTT


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167

15. UJ| eu+qT, >TsTy u>e+T&T>q s~ksT. usrjTseT\ysT L& >TsTe |eTTK kq$TksT. j>T\T,eTVT\T, d


173/199

168

+T\T d|eT u>eTT|eT nH |#$, |=+#+ L|Tq+ kyTqT \|+#$.bsX\ b& $


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169

dTus& e\qT d#> $& =+& m H>Xs\jT+ T&jTy&T. =H&T neTy]eTT+


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+T\T d|eT u>eTT! >T+& sTe ~+#T sT


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XsTT+q us> >T]+ |e+T&T HsjTDs& nd\T|sT d+>eTs& HsjTD

s&. jTq yTT


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172

+T\T d|eT u>eTTuw @$T{ jTq eyT \TdT. |+# bC#]q sTy jTq n& |s+ |{H&T. y] +


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173

eTT>TZsT *d &TeTTqT #+|HsT. mes e #q&TeTTqT rdTbsTT e+&THsT. $wjT+ k$TJ*d+~. kMTJ @ bD #+|L&


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174

+T\T d|eT u>eTT#dT qT


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175

T&HsT. sTesT+>\T +>TsT d+>sjT=+& #TT >e\T

\\]| d+#s+ #dHsT. kMTJ sT =T |#dH&T. uTk$T*] yXs+ uTk$T y+ +&ysT. 1984&d+sT uTk$T |+# bC #sTH&T. e+&T kMTJ |+# y+q+{ +& q X\#eT+~ yd+ kMTJ edTe\T L& *dT+f

uTk$T \T {+H&T. 1985 d+ kMTJ|+#qT+& dsT bC ~ ]+~. uTk$Tq |sTws+ kMTJ keqT s*+H&T.1986 d+ sTes d+V#\+ y[flHsT. sTynqes+, u


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176

+T\T d|eT u>eTTeqeT*\ kMTJ eTsXy


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177

>] eTsbsTT MsV+T\T l kMTJysT. ysT 1988 d+ qe] qT+& nH fi|>++ H{ Bb\T |{ y\T>TTHjT. kMTJ eT n++ >T]+ @{ +~+& HqT de~ e. HH\|{ +{qT. qH=>~ +#+& n ydHsT. lkMTJ uTk$T


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178

+T\T d|eT u>eTT>sT |q+b\T&T C|+q+&js+ +>s+ >TsT> +{es>T& eT~s& =&| |&THsT. eT~s&@&TdT+f yDT>b\k$T eT~s& m+b\k$T us_&\ $wjT+n& u>e+T&T n+T H us _&\TL& +{ sHsT. nT sTyuT]$s& d|+ q& #| jTq n+] d\+24`11`1988 UJ| d+> s&Te] \ q& HqTHqT.rjTeE\T [uT rdydq~. ly] de~#dq sTy 11 H\\ >T]$s& \ q& Hde~ 9ksT |s+qT+&T]$s& +. |+\ djT+u


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179

$>V+> +>sT >E\T eTf\T [uT eTT|&|dT|+eT\ y* eHsT. sT|eT>sT y{] eTqT >~ 5 jT+&T+ fi+ yjTTeT+f yT $qq+s+ qT+& y*eq deTjT+ uTk$T bT]$s& sTT+{sTTbsTT |f fi+ rsTT+#>n+T& #T{q |\T jT|&+~. >T]$

s& | eTses n~ s #] eTT n\+]+HsT. |uT+ y] k$T $>V k$T $>V+bT eq q>\qT n|+HsT. y{ &| f

|{HsT.

kMTJ u $>V k|+#Te{ sY leT#+


185/199

180

+T\T d|eT u>eTT

sedTe\qT 1995 @| Xk +> eT+~s+ $>V |w+HsT. sT|eT>] yT |{+{ysT k$T s] q|] +&eT& uTk$T +&>\ysTCeTTq 4 >+\ e y+ HqTHqHsT.eTVq+~ fifl| |dT#dHsT. eTVq+~ |&eTsy\jT+ 10 ~H\T |dT #dHsT.

3) 1984 H\sT s+>HXs+ +>\T, +>TsT,d+>sjT=+& \T\]| H\sT\T uTk$T]HsT.


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181

5) bsTe$Tfi d| eV+q sd # qV+ #db\ n_w+ >+ es+ ]|+HsT.

7) \


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182

+T\T d|eT u>eTT#be uT k$T #|+HsT. e\TyTq$.

12) |+# bC |#dT+&> e&$T\T jTeseTdTus& us yTTT qsY >& kMTJeT&T eTTw+\T |+ ys+ mes qjT+#jT >&\T ]>T #dHsT.

$ k$T dJejTT+&>qT de~>TqsTyqT nH \\T |+


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183

T++ eT&Ts\ysT deTT\T> ~~q


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+T\T d|eT u>eTTd+kH eHsT. n~ ~eTV\eT>sT |]b*+#\+. jTeT |sVT\T lydjT dsXgbs+>T\T n


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185

HqT|


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