ankush cash mgt

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A Project

On

CASH MANAGEMENT

Of

FOOD CORPORATION OF INDIA

(Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of Bachelor of Business Administration

Program under Utkal University)

By

ANKUSH AGRAWAL

56317UTO8006

Faculty Guide Corporate Guide

Prof. SABITA PATNAIK Mr. B.R. SAMAL, IAS


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Declaration

I Ankush Agrawal a student of ASIAN SCHOOL OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT do hereby declare that the project report CASH MANAGEMENT IN FCI, BHUBANESWAR is beingsubmitted by me and is the product of my own knowledge and effort. No part of this reporthas been submitted to anyone at time before. It is presented for the partial fulfillment of BBA 2008-11.

It is for the academic purpose and it has not been published or presented anywhereelse for the award of such degree.

Date:- Ankush Agrawal


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ACKNOWLE DGEMENT

I acknowledge my indebtness to my corporate guide Mr. B.R. SAMAL, IAS (GENARAL MANAGER

REGIONAL) for giving me the opputunity to work in their esteemed organization, and helping me tocomplete the project in a successful manner.

I am obliged to my faculty guide prof. SABITA PATNAIK for providing time, effort and most of all herpatience in helping me for preparing the project report. I am also thankful to all the faculty membersof our college for their kind cooperation with me to write this report.

I feel immense pleasure to express my deep sense of gratitude to Mr. B.R. SAMAL, IAS (GENARALMANAGER REGIONAL) as an external guide whose expert guidance and deep knowledge help me tocomplete my project in this short span of time. I am also thankful to all the staff members of FOODCORPORATION OF INDIA, (Regional office) Bhubaneswar who extended their hands and cooperation

directly or indirectly for successful completion of the training programme.

Last but not the least I am also thankful to my family members and friends for providing me moralsupport to do this project successfully.

Date:- Ankush Agrawal


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Ch pt iz tion

Chapter-1Introduction

1.1 Meaning of the study1.2 Objectives of the study1.3 Significance of the study1.4 Methodology1.5 Sources of data collection1.6 Limitation of the study

Chapter-2Company Profile

2.1 Brief history of the company2.2 Vision, Mission and objective of the company2.3 Organization structure & style of work of company2.4 Review of Literature

Chapter- 3Research Methodology

3.1 Methods of data collection3.2 Tool or technique used

Chapter-4Data analysis & interpretation

5.1 Data analysis

5.2 Data interpretation

Chapter-5Conclusion

6.1 Findings6.2 Suggestions6.3 Conclusion

y

Referencesy Appendix


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CHAPTER 1


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Meaning of the Study

Cash Management refers to management of cash and bank balance and also includes managementof short term deposits. The cash is obviously the most important current asset of a business. It isneeded at all times to keep the business going. A business concern should always keep sufficientcash for meeting its obligations. Any shortage of cash will hamper the operations of a concern andany excess of it will be unproductive. Cash is the most unproductive of all the assets. While fixedassets like machinery, plant etc. and current assets such as inventory will help the business inincreasing its earning capacity, cash in hand will not add anything to the concern. It is in this contextthat Cash Management has assumed much importance. The Cash Management starts frommanaging the cash flow(both inflows and outflows) arising out of the operations of the firm and italso includes the identification of different sources from where cash may be procured on a shortterm basis or the outlet where excess cash may be invested for a short period.

Obj ectives of the study:-

There are number of objectives behind this study which have shaped the need of this projectthrough all stages off data collection, analysis and presentation. The present study has beenundertaken within the following specific objectives:-

To know about the organizational profile.To know about the Procurement and Distribution operation of F.C.I. at national level andOrissa state level.To evaluate its management of cash flows.To give implemental suggestions those might be useful for the policy makers.

Significance of the Study:-

Cash management of Food Corporation of India is extremely vital because it has functionslike procurement, storage, distribution, movement which involve maintaining minimum cashbalance, cash inflows and outflows, cash planning and forecasting etc. The efficient cashmanagement in FCI is required because of smooth functioning of each of its above-mentioned functions. So, it is found to be the ideal topic to study, analyze and search for abetter cash management technique, which will help FCI to perform its functions in a moreefficient manner.The data and information has been collected from the Regional Office (Bhubaneswar region)of FCI as well as from the official website of FCI at www.fciweb.nic.in The scope for financial data is limited only to the years 2004-05 and 2005-06.

R esearch Methodology:-

The study is mainly based only on secondary data.The secondary data sources include the office manuals, annual report, internet websiteand class books.Data collections are subject to qualitative and quantitative in nature.


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Sources of Data C ollection:-

Annual Report of FCIStudy Materials of FCIInternet Websites:1. www.fciweb.nic.in 2. www.fciez.nic.in Financial Management by Sashi K. Gupta & R.K. Sharma.

Limitations of the study:-

The geographical area under study was limited to Bhubaneswar which led to the study`sfocus to be confined only to Bhubaneswar region.There is no scope for interviewing area managers and officers at the zonal and head officelevel which sometimes was felt essential while undertaking the study.


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CHAPTER TWO


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FOOD CORPORATION OF INDIA

The Food Corporation of India was set up under the Food Corporation Act 1964. Previously it wasunder the Minist of ood nd A i ultu . In 1964 it was named as Food Corporation of India. AnAct to provide for the establishment of Food Corporations for the purpose of trading in food grains

and other food stuffs and for matters connected there with and incidental thereto. It enacted byParliament in the Fifteenth Year of the Republic of India. It was established in order to fulfill certainobjectives of food policy of Government of India.

OBJECTIVES OF FCI

Eff ti p i suppo t op tions fo s f u din th int sts of th f s

ist ibution of food ins th ou hout th ount fo ubli ist ibution st ; nd

Ma int ainin satisf ac to l l of op ation al and buff sto cks of food ains to nsu Nation al

ood

cu

it

Since its inspection in 1965, it was discovered that FCI has successfully met the challenge of

managing the complex task of food security for the nation. It is having its strong food security system

which is helpful for it to maintain the high growth, regular supply of wheat and rice right through the

year. The govt. of India fixes the price at which food grains are to be, issued and allotted to state

govt. The contribution of FCI is in implementing the national policy in a significant manner for high

growth rate of production and monitoring price stability over a longer period of time.

Various operations are being performed by FCI in order to achieve the above objectives of the

national food policy

h op ations are ex plained as follows:-

1 ! P ro cu reme nt 2. S to rage 3. Mo " eme nt 4. D ist ribution

The efficiency with which FCI tackled one of the worst droughts of the century not only cemented itsrole as the premier organization in charge of food security in India, but also brought it accoladesfrom international organization. After super cyclone in Orissa , FCI saved millions of lives byproviding timely support of food grains. In its 44 years of services FCI has played a significant role inIndia s success in transforming the crisis management oriented food security system.


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STRENGTH OF FCI

1 . Facilitato r fo r food sec urit #

Provider of price & market assurance to the farmer

Ensuring steady food grain supplies to 5 Lakhs Fair Price Shops for PDS to cover 141 million

APL / 67 million card holders.

Ensuring food for all other Welfare Schemes

2. Ma nageme nt Capabilit $ and Exper ience

Large pool of talent managing world's largest food grain operation on behalf of Govt. of India

3 . Eno rm it % of S ca le

Countrywide network of offices & strategically located Food Storage Depots.

Operates in mandis/purchase centers located within 10 kms. proximity of farmers.

Undertakes purchases of 30 to 40 million tones annually making it the largest buyer in the

world.

4. Eff ec ti & e marke t int erve ntion to st abilize prices

5 . S tate of th e ar t exper ience on food gra in pre serva tion / Ware housin g / Tra nspo rt ation Ma nageme nt

Maintains the health of millions of tones of food grain in storage. Quality acknowledge by

International buyers.

Excellent Storage Management. Timely movement of food grains from procuring States to consuming States.

VISION 2020

To aggressively promote Decentralized Procurement by State Governments with specialemphasis in non-traditional areas and commodities.

To initiate procurement of non-MSP governed commodities on commercial principles.

To ensure adequate buffer for meeting requirements under TPDS & Other Welfare Schemes. To dispose off surplus and un-storage worthy godowns and introduce concepts of

mechanized handling in the conventional godowns. To undertake R&D for conversion of some of the existing capacity to bulk and cost effective

utilization of existing bulk capacity. To optimize monthly movement programme with existing state of art of computerization

within the country at various locations as per corporate policies and priorities. Modernization of Quality Control equipments and systems for food preservation in order to

increase the shelf life of food grain.


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To venture in the fields of Forward Trading and Exports of both surplus stocks of food grainsin Central Pool and no-traditional commodities.

To introduce state of art of financial management in order to reduce the dependency on thepresent banking system in the country.

To initiate systems for settlement of storage loss and transit loss through insurance coverage

and revised inventory mechanism. To develop efficiency in human resource management both in staff/officers and workerswith changed circumstances in the work approach of P.S.U. s.

To achieve state of art in computerized communication between different offices/ depotsthrough out the country.

ORGANIZATIONAL SET UP OF THE CORPORATION

In order to provide an effective food security in the country, the FCI through a series of operation

simultaneously provides market and price assurance for the surplus food grains, giving impetus to

sustain higher yields in a post green revolution era and ensure stability in food supplies to the people

all over the India. In order to achieve the objective of the food policy of the government of India, the

food corporation of India has a countrywide network with a corporate office at New Delhi called the

head office.

It has following offices trough out the length and breath of the country. Then it is divided into five

zonal offices such as East ' We st ' South ' North ' North ea st zon es. The zonal offices in East, West,

North, South, Northeast are in Kolkata, Mumbai, Delhi, Chennai, Guhawati respectively.

5 zonal offices

22 Regional offices particularly in all the state capital.

12 Sub- Regional offices

4 port offices

173 District offices

1802 Food storage Depots


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D iagram -1

Orga niza tion a l lo ca tion of FC (

P rojec t Impleme nt ation D ivision

East ) 0 olka ta) west (Mum bai) no rth (New D e lhi) south (Chenn ai) North ea st (guw ahati

Region al offi ce Reg ion al offi ce Reg ion al offi ce

Region al offi ce Reg ion a l offi ce

1 .west Benga l (Kolka ta)

1 . Ma hara st ra(Mum bai)

1 .P unj ab (Chandi gar h)

1 . Utt ara nchal (de hra dun )

1.Assam(guw ahati )

2. Orissa(Bhub anesw ar)

2. Gujra t (Ahama dabad)

2. Hri1 ana(Chandi gar h)

2. And raP ra desh

(Hydra bad)

2. North fo rnti er(shilon g)

3 . Bihar(P atn a)

3 .Ma dh yaP ra desh (Bhop al)

3 . Utt ar P ra desh (lucknow )

3 . Tam ilnadu (chenn aia)

4.J hark hand (Ranchi)

4.Chatis gar h (Raipu r)

4. Rajsth an (ja ipu r)

4. Kera l (Trivand rum)

5 . D e lhi (New D e lhi )

5 . Karnat ak(Banga lore)

6 .J amm u &kash m ir(jamm u)

7 . Himac ha l (sim ila)

Hea d qu ar terat

New D elhi

Institut e of food corpo ra tion

Zon al offi ce


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ORGANIZATIONAL SET UP OF FCI HEADQUARTERS:-

Chairma n Boar d of direc to rExecuti ve

comm itt eeMa nag ing direc to r

Executi ve D irec to r E xec uti ve D irec to r Executi veD irec to r

Executi ve D irec to r

(Financial &int er nal audit )

(sto rage) ( per sonn e l )(VIG)

C.G.M .(A/ C)

C.G.M .(cost ) C.G.M .(finance) G.M .(funds ) G.M .(A/ Cs) G.M . (finance) G.M .(IA & P V)-I G.M .(IA &P V)-II G.M .(CP F) G.M .(cost )

G.M . (M&P )

G.M . (S&C)

G.M . (P F)

G.M . (P & IR) G.M . (t ra inin g) G.M . (sales)

G.M .(VIG)

G.M . (security) G.M . (enqui ry)-I G.M .(enqui ry)-IIG.M .(A &R) G.M .(P & R)

Executi veD irec to r(Commerc ia l)

Executi veD irec to r(Law )

Executi veD irec to r(Tra nspo rt )

Executi veD irec to r(En gineer ing)

G.M(IR-L)G.M(I & E)

G.M(Q C)

G. M(LEGAL)-IG. M(LEGAL)-II

G. M(MOVT .) G. M(P ROCESS ING)G. M(ENGINEERING)

S ECRETARY


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Food Corporation of India Headquarters:New Delhi

OPERATIONAL NETWORK

FCI operates through a country -wide network with its Corporate Office in New Delhi, 5Zonal Offices, 23 Reg ional Offices practically in all the State capitals, 16 5 Distr ict Offices (as on 01.10.2008) and 1470 depots (as on 01.01.2007)

M ost of the Revenue Districts in the country are covered by FCI.

It has a manpower of 33,473 officers and staff /employees as on 31.03.2010 and about53,646 regular food handling workers besides approximately one lakh food handlingcontract labourers being engaged by the Handling & Transport Contractors, as on31.03.2010

The general superintendence, direction and management of the affairs and business of theCorporation shall vest in a board of directors which exercise all such powers as may beexercised or done by the Corporation under this Act.

The board of directors, in discharging its functions, act on business principles having regardto the interest of the producer and consumer and shall guided by such instructions onquestions of policy as may be given to it by the Central Government.

CATEGORY WISE STAFF POSITION OF FCI

The em plo yee s of FCI is divided into fou r ca teg ories name d as:-

Ca teg ories I:- Managing director, executive director, general manager, asst. general

manager, come under this employees category.

Ca teg ory II:- All assistant managers and chief labor inspector come under this category.

Ca teg ory III:- All assistants, steno, typist, driver, mechanic come under this category

Ca teg ory IV:- All messengers, watch man and other similar category employees working

office as well as Depot come under this category.

Category S taff position I 584

II 542 3 III 22 53 2 IV 10106

TOTAL 386 45


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La bor force of F CI :-

FCI is the source of employment for a large mass of people. Leaving aside the managerial andadministrative staff and officials employed in the administrative offices; the labor force of FCI can bedivided into two groups:-

1. H andling group2. Ancillary group

Handling labor consists of a supervisor called as Sardar and an assistant supervisor called asMandal . They do not directly come in contact with the physical works but keep a watch on the

process. They have 13 to 14 laborers working under them as subordinates. These Sardar, Mandaland the laborers form a labor group which is called as Gang .

Direct payment system labor:- The workers under this labor group are paid on the basis of volume or operation according to their performance basis at agreed rate.Contract labor:- These workers are absent in Orissa region. They work on contract basis.

The food grain movement of FCI:-

FCI has zero account system which means that there is no profit or no loss calculations. FCI is aservice oriented; non-profit making organization always has a welfare motive. It deals with two typesof edible commodities:-

1. R ice2. W heat

It used to deal with sugar but since 1 st February 2000 this responsibility has been being handled bythe state governments. One of the main functions of FCI is to divert surplus grains from one area to

deficit areas. It leads to bulk handling of food grains by FCI.

T he food grains movement of F CI has been classified into two types:-

I nterstate: Food grains are procured from one surplus state and being diverted to anotherdeficit State. For example:- food grains are procured from Punjab and transported to Orissa.I ntrastate: food grains are procured from one part of the surplus area of the state and beingdiverted to another deficit area within the state. For example:- rice is transported fromSambalpur to Kalahandi.

FCI also has an Export/Import dimensions to itself. It imports wheat from countries like Indonesiaand Malaysia and exports rice to other rice deficit countries primarily in the Middle East.


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Food Subsidy Released to FCI and Incurred by FCI (Rs. Cr.)

Food subsidy released to FCI Food Subsidy Incurred by FCI

Year Total

Against

Earlieryears

For theYear

Subsidy

Incurred duringthe year

Status ofAccounts

2001-02 16274.00 . 16274.00 18005.00 Audited

2002-03 22673.72 . 22673.72 25322.00 Audited

2003-04 23474.04 4545.86 18928.18 21587.00 Audited

2004-05 23280.00 4090.39 19189.61 20773.00 Audited

2005-06 19871.00 473.323 19397.68 21344.00 Un-Audited

2006-07 20786.21 1411.08 19375.13 24858.00 Prov.Estimates

2007-08 27759.68 5218.75 22540.93 31817.00 Rev.Estimates

2008-09(Upto

30/04/08) 5400.04 . 5400.04 . .

Table (1.1)

M inimum Support Price of W heat/Paddy ( R s. Per Quintal): -

Marketing Year W heat( R ab i)Paddy ( K harif)

C ommon Grade A

2001-02 610.00 530.00 560.00

2002-03 620.00 530.00+*20.00 560.00+*20.00

2003-04 620.00+*10.00 550.00 580.00

2004-05 630.00 560.00 590.00

2005-06 640.00 570.00 600.00

2006-07 650.00+50.00

(bonus)

580.00+40.000

(bonus)

610.00+40.00

(bonus)

2007-08750.00+100.00

(bonus)

645.00+100.00

(bonus)

675.00+100.00

(bonus)

Table (1.2)


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Note:- *Drought relief announced by the govt. of India.

Rabi season:- Late the month of may- till the month of august.

Kharif season:- Late the month of October - till the month of march.

GENERAL FUNCTION OF FCI1.procurement

It is the process, which deals with two questions i.e how and wh en th e foodgra ins are produ ce d . FCI procures the food-grains (rice and wheat) from millers at procurement price. And it resold atcentral issue price (less than procurement price) fixed by the govt. of India. All these things arebased on Food P rocureme nt poli cy,198 2, which tells about the sell and movement of rice andpaddy. The entire procurement is done by FCI trough private miller and direct purchase of paddythrough private miller and direct purchase of paddy is done as and when required by direct purchasecenters.

Under the levy rice control order, the state government was fixed 75% levy on the rice millers forrice to be delivered to the FCI and allowed 25% for the free sale. The state government has fixed theminimum support price of different variety of Fair Average Q uality (FAQ ) standard paddy as follows.

y Comm on padd y Rs.900 .00 per qtl . y Gra de A padd y Rs .930 .00 per qtl .

To nurture the Gree n Revolution , the Govt. of India introduced the scheme of minimum supportprice of food grains that are announced well before the commencement of the crop seasons aftertaking into the cost of production, market price and other relevant factors.

y The food corporation of India along with other government agencies provides effective priceassurance for wheat, paddy , and coarse grains.

y FCI and state govt. agencies in consultation with the concerned state govt. establish largenumber of purchase centers through out the state to facilitate purchase of food grains.

y Centers are selected in such a manner are not required to cover more that 10 kms. To bringtheir produce to the nearest purchase centers of the major procuring states.

y Food grains are procured according to the govt. prescribed quality standards.


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y Each year the food grains of India purchase roughly 15-20% of India s wheat production and12-15% of its rice production. This helps to meet the commitments of the public distributionsystem and for building buffer stock.

y Price support purchases are organized in more than 12,000 centers for wheat and also morethan 12,000 centers for paddy every year in the immediate post-harvest season.

y

Such extensive and effective price support operations have resulted in sustaining the incomeof farmers over a period and in providing the required impetus for higher investment inagriculture for improved productivity.

y To name a few states about Rs.41,000 millions for paddy and 43,000 millions for wheat inPunjab and Rs. 45,000 millions for levy rice in Andhra Pradesh is paid to the farmers/ millersduring wheat / rice procurement season.

y India today produces over 200 million tones of food grains as against a mere 50 million tonesin 1950.

y In the last two decades, food grain procurement by Government agencies have witnessed aquantum jump from 4 million tonnes to over 25 million tones per annum.

Mod e of p rocu reme nt:-

There are different modes of procurement which are followed in FCI. These modes are such as:-openpurchase, purchase under price support scheme on central account, commercial purchase, purchasefrom rice millers etc.

1 .Open pu rchase of rice is made in accordance with the uniform specification of the govt. of India oras approved by the head office of the FCI.

2 .In order to ensu re th e rea son able price to the producer at the marketing stage as well as tosafeguard the interest of the consumer in relation to quality the govt. of India may fix a minimumsupport price.

Rice has been further classified into two groups as follows:-

y Comm on:- those varieties having length-breath ratio below 2.5y Fine :-Those varieties having length breath ratio2.5 and above. Fine is further classified into

fine and superfine.3 .Commerc ial pu rchase :-Here purchasing is done on the basis of specification but at the same timemaximum limits for refraction are laid down. Each Depot has its purchasing officer who is called theQuality inspector. Quality inspector handles 18 millers. These quality inspector check the standard of the paddy and accordingly given quality standard certificate. The services to be performed by therice millers for delivery of their levy rice stocks at FCI godowns are as under.

Filling bagging, stitching and standardization of rice bags at mill point

Loading of rice bags at mill point and transportation up to FCI depots free of cost up to

8kms.

Unloading and dumping of these stocks, on the platforms at depot/rail heads.

Weighting of bag sat de pot railhead.

All Indi a P rodu ction & procureme nt of wh ea t and rice(qt y. in lakh ton e)


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Table2

Year W hea t Rice

P rod . / proc. % proc.

of prod .

MS P (Rs/ qtl ) P rod . /

proc.

%proc. Of

prod .

Msp (Rs/Q tl )

2 001-0 2 697 / 2 06 2 9.60 . 933 / 222 22. 60

2 00 2 -03 72 8/ 190 2 6.10 62 0 718 / 166 2 3 .11 550 / 560

2 003-0 4 658 / 158 2 4.00 62 0 88 2 / 22 9 2 5 .96 550 / 580

2 00 4-05 72 1/ 168 2 3.30 630 871 / 22 0 2 5 .2 5 560 / 590

2 005-06 740/ 148 19 .99 640 918 / 2 76 30 .06 570 / 600

2 006-07 758 / 92 12. 14 650+50 (bonus ) 933 / 2 51 2 6 .90 580 / 610+ 40(bonus )

2.STOR AGE

The Food Corporation of India, Orissa region is having 6.73 lakh MTs of storage capacity and no CAPstorage. Here the food grains (rice, wheat) are scientifically technically preserved.FCI has its ownhired depot, stocks are stored in

Food storage depots

Central warehousing corporation,

State warehousing corporation.


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STOR AGE LOSS

In each depot there are two weight bridges that is at the entry and exit point. An empty truck isweighed first in the entry weighbridge and after loading it is again weighted.

The diff ere nce be tw ee n th e loade d and th e em pt y t ruck gives th e gr oss we ight of food gra ins .

The diff ere nce be tw ee n th e gr oss we ight and gunn y we ight (of all th e bags) give s th e ne t we ight of food gra ins .

The st and ar d we ight of eac h gunn y is 675 Gms. The diff ere nce in we ight of sto ck issu ed is th esto rage loss .

R EASON OF STOR AGE LOSS:

Long storage, Variation of moisture, contents of the time receipt and issue., Down-gradation of stockdue to infestation, loss of foodstuff due to bird and rodent troubles in the godowns, inadequatenumber of weighbridge, hook used by labours for handling of bags.

3 .MOVEMENT

Moveme nt by t rucks Moveme nt by tra in Moveme nt by water -w ay

Two m od e s of movement are adopted in FCI.

1. Road moveme nt 2. Rail moveme nt 3 . Wa ter -w ay m oveme nt

Rail movement is considered as the most preferable than the road movement, because roadmovement is expensive mode of transport than the rail movement.

The flow process for road and rail movement in Orissa region is discussed as here

Rail moveme nt

Food-grains at procuring centers- -transported by trucks to rail head--- Rail wagons transport food-grains to or near to FCI depots --- if transported near FCI depots (as in case of Bhubaneswar) transported from the railhead the depots centers by trucks from depots transported to differentcenters by trucks


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Road moveme nt

Food grains at procuring centers-- transported by trucks to FCI depot s trucks-- from depotstransported to different recipient centers by trucks.

Wa ter -w ay m oveme nt:

Food-grains at procuring center-----transported by trucks to ship ship transport food-grains to ornear to FCI Depots .transported from the ship to FCI center by trucks.

Ensuring accessibility to food in a country of India's size is a Herculean task. The food grains aretransported from the surplus States to the deficit States.

The food grain surplus is mainly confined to the Northern States, transportation involves longdistance throughout the country. Stocks procured in the markets and purchase centers is firstcollected in the nearest depot and from there dispatched to the recipient States within a limitedtime. FCI moves about 270 Lakh tones of food grains over an average distance of 1500 Kms.movement.

y Regularly rice and wheat procured in the Northern States is moved to far flung cornersImphal, Manipur or Kanyakumari in Tamnilnadu and to the higher reaches of the Himalayasin the North.

y An average of 1,20,0000 bags (50 Kg) of foodgrains are transported every day from theproducing States to the consuming areas, by rail, road, etc.

y The stocks to Kashmir valley, H.P, NE, Sikkim A&N Islands and Lakhadweep etc., which don'thave rail link are fed by road.

y Thus by effective planning and Management of the transport System FCI regularly movesfood grain and sugar from the procuring Region to the concerning Region.

Movement Lakh Tonnes (Prov.)

Y ear Foodgra in Sugar Total

1996-1997 235.5 12 247.8 1997-1998 191.1 11 202.1 1998-1999 190.8 11 201.8 1999- 2000 221.9 7 228.9 2000- 2001 161.6 3 164.6 2001- 200 2 204. 5 3 207. 5 200 2-200 3 248.8 2 250.8

200 3-2004 297.0 0.8 297.8 2004- 200 5 338.7 1.4 340.1 200 5-2006 315.5 1.8 317. 3 2006- 2007 288.7 2.4 291.1 2007- 2008 277.9 2 1.78 279.70 2008- 2009 256.6 5 1.91 258.56 2009-2010 (Mar ch,09) 312.25 3.52 315.77


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4 .DI ST R IBUTION :

D istribution of food grains has always been an integral part of overall food policy. FCI concentratesupon the equal distribution among people. It has been evolved to reach the urban as well as therural population in order to protect the consumers from the fluctuating and escalating pricesyndrome. A steady availability of food grains is ensured through thousands of fair price shopsspread throughout the country, which makes the coverage almost universal. Previously there isdirect distribution. Now it is hand over to the collector s agent.

The public distribution is effective through following schemes:-

Targeted Public Distribution Scheme (TPDS):- This scheme has been introduced by Govt. of India under the ministry of Consumer Affairs and Public Distribution from June 1977. Thestocks are issued under this scheme in the following two categories:-1. Below Poverty Line (BPL):-Determination of the families under this category in various

state is based on the recommendation of the Planning Commission, who have assessedpercentage of families in various states falling under this category. A fixed Quantity of 20kgs of food grains per family per month is issued at highly subsidized rates much belowthe APL price.

2. Above Poverty Line (APL):- Families those are not covered under BPL are placed underthis category. The stocks are issued at Central Issue Price under this category.

Mid Day Meal Scheme (MDMS):- The govt. of India has introduced this scheme under theministry of HRD to support Primary Education in Primary Schools w.e.f. 15.08.1995. Underthis scheme every child is entitled for 3kgs of wheat/rice per month at 100 grams per dayfree of cost. In Orissa the Primary School children are given rice.Jawahar Rojgar Yojna (JRY):- Under this scheme food grains are issued for generating therural employment opportunities and instead of wages the food grains are issued to the

people.National Food for Work:-It is under the ministry of Rural Development. It is prevalent in 18districts of Orissa.Sampurna Gramin Rojgar Yojna (SGRY):- It is under the ministry of Rural Development. It isprevalent in 12 districts of Orissa.Wheat Based Nutrition Programme(WBNP):- It is under the ministry of HRD. Some particularareas were given this scheme. Earlier it was known as State Nutrition Programme.World Food Programme (WFP):- It is under the ministry of Consumer Affairs and PublicDistribution. FCI sparing stocks to WFP projects from the central pool stocks as and whenrequired by them.

There are some other welfare schemes of the govt. of India to meet the crisis are as follows:-

1. Additional special BPL for Cyclone relief 2. Additional special BPL for drought relief


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5 .IMP OR T AN D EX P OR T

A. IMP ORT

Whenever country faces shortfall in the production of food-grains it affects the procurement also,which results into depletion of stocks. To overcome the shortfall in stocks, Govt. of India has to

import the food grains at times. The quantum of food grains to be imported, negotiations andsigning of relevant contracts are decided by the ministry of food and thereafter, works is assigned tothe FCI for handling of ships at various ports in the country and moving the stocks to its godowns forfurther distribution.

B. EXP ORT

FCI handles the export operation only when it is so decided by the Govt. of India. The export aremade mainly on the basis of the following terms.

a. Donation/ gift from govt. of India to other countries and UN bodies.

b. commodity loan.c. Sale under Bilateral agreement.

d. Commercial sale direct by FCI.

e. Export through MMTC/ STC.

6 .I nventory:-

The inventory in the FCI depots consists of procured food grains. FCI does not deal with any kind of processing or manufacturing thus the inventory in the FCI godowns does not consists of any rawmaterials, semi-finished goods or finished good. For the FCI inventory consists of the procured foodgrains from the millers that are to be passed on to the consumers through the various distributionprograms.

The inventory present in the FCI godowns consists of:-

a) Riceb) Whea t

Earlier sugar was held as an inventory but from the 1 st February 2000 this responsibility was handedover to the state government.

As we know that rice is non-durable in nature and vulnerable to heat, moisture, insects, rain, etc. so,it is advisable to disposable of food grains ad possible.

In the inventory control mechanism FCI follows the first in first out me thod i.e. food grains areissued based on their arrival in the depots. This prevents old stock from deterioration.

Rice is categorized as A , B , C , D . In national buffer there is every possible of rice stocksremaining in the stocks remaining in the stock for the long period. It is therefore very necessary thatstocks are issued in a planned and systematic manner.


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The followin g priority should be follow ed whil e issuin g gra ins:-

P rio r it y1 :- D category stock having high percentage of loose bran and emitting must smellrequires be cleaning and then issuing.

P rio r ity2 :- stock stored in the open for more than 4 months irrespective of the category or thosewhich have become C category.

P rio rity3: - Stocks stored in the sub standard godown over 6 months of any category.

P rio r ity 4 :- stocks already fumigated 5 times of any category.

P rio r ity5 :-stocks fall in C categories stored inside covered accommodation.

P rio r ity6 :-stocks fall in B category.

P rio r ity7 :-stocks fall in A category.


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FCI AT ORISSA REGION

( REGIONAL LEVEL)

ORGANIZATIONAL SET UP OF FCI IN ORISSA.

Food Corporation of India, Regional Office in Orissa is situated at Bhubaneswar headed by GeneralManger as administrative head assisted by Deputy General Manager & DGM (F & A) other Officersand the Regional Office is operating since 1965. There are 7 (Seven) FCI District Offices covering 30(thirty) Revenue Districts of the State. The FCI has 23 (twenty three) own depots, 40 (forty) hireddepots from Orissa State Warehousing Corporation 10 (ten) hired from Central WarehousingCorporation,1(one) Private godown other two depots all used for the purpose of scientific storageand procurement of foodgrains.

Tot a l nu m ber of 73 (S eve nt y Three) fun ction D epots in Orissa Reg ion . 30 (Thirty) Reve nu e D ist ricts are c overe d by 7 (S eve n) FCI D istts . As und er :

D ist rict Reve nu e D ist rict

1 . Cutt ackCutt ack, Jaipu r, Ke nd ra para, Jaga tsin ghpu r,

D henka na l, Angul

2 Balaso re Balaso re, Bhadrak, May urbh anj , Keonjh ar

3 . Bhub anesw ar P uri, Nayagar h , Khu rda

4. Ber ham pu r Ganjam, Ga japati , P hulb ani , Baudh

5 Sam ba lpu rSam balpu r, Baragar h , Jhar su gud a, D eogar h ,

Sund argar h

6 Titil agar h Kalahandi , Nuapada, Bolangir, S on epu r

7 Jey po re Koraput , Rayaga da, Ma lkangiri, Nawra nga pu r

While Regional Office, Bhubaneswar is housed in it's own building, District Offices are functioning inrented accommodation.


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ORGANIZATIONAL SET UP

NATIONAL LEVEL

Boar d of di rec to r

Cha irma n

Ma nag ing di rec to r

Executi ve di rec to r

Ma nager G. M

Joint ma nager E .D

D eput y ma nager E .D

Ma nager

Class III

Class IV


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FCI, REGIONALOFFICE SET UP

P -P er son al M -Moveme nt Comp . -com put er

Q C-qu a lity cont rol L-Lega l En . -Engineer ing

IR- indust rial re lation A-Accounts IA-Int er nal audit

EL-Elec trica l GEN - Genera l C- Commerc ial

GENERAL MANAGER

D y. Genera l Ma nager D y. Genera l Ma nager( f &A)

Asst . Genera l ma nager s

E Q C IR EL I M C L A

Ma nager s

GEN Acc Q C Mov El Com

Gra de I

Gra de-II

Gra de-III

Gra de-IV


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Staff Strength:

FCI in Orissa is having 938 Staff and Officers as on 30.04.2010. The category-

wise break-up, sanction strength , staff in position and vacancies are as under-

Category Sanctioned Strength In Position Vacancy

Category I 25 19 6Category II 238 161 77Category III 1019 407 612Category IV 496 351 145TOTAL 1778 938 840

PROCUREMENT OPERATIONS IN ORISSA :

In Orissa the average annual requirement of rice under various schemes is around 14.5 Lakh MT.

The procurement of Rice in Orissa Region by FCI & State Agencies during last 7 (Seven)

years are as follows:

KMS Targe t P ro gre ssi ve Q u antit y P ro cu re d

Levy CMR Tot a l Levy CMR Tot a l

2002-03 9,49,700 0 9,49,700 9,02,999 0 9,02 ,999

2003-04 14,00,000 1,00,000 15 ,00 ,000 13,09,142 89,311 13 ,98 ,453

2004-05 17,00,000 3,00,000 2 0,00 ,000 13,13,942 1,75,863 14,89 ,805

2005-06 14,00,000 8,00,000 22 ,00 ,000 9,65,614 7,98,772 17 ,64,386

2006-07 4,67,000 20,00,000 2 4,67 ,000 2,31,119 17,37,877 19 ,68 ,2 51

2007-08 1,57,550 2689050 2 8,46,550 49846 2318405 2 368 2 51

2008-09 215050 2974500 3189550 102422 2740472 2 842 894

2009-10(15.5.2010)

296000 3106700 3402 700 41761 1004614 10 46375

FCI Orissa Region was purchasing only levy rice since 1982-83 to meet the requirement of foodgrains of various schemes of Government of Orissa. But on the advice of State Government to avoidany possibility of distress sale of paddy, the FCI started intervening in the market by directly

purchasing paddy from the farmers since Kharif Marketing Season 2001-02. The present policy of theCentral Government is for decentralized procurement whereby the State should procure and utilizethe rice in the Public Distribution System. Contrary to that in Orissa always the entire burden of procurement is put on FCI. Although the State has participated in the procurement operation of direct purchase of paddy but major target is put on FCI and as per the annual Kharif plan 2004-05 of State Government, 20 lakh MT target has been fixed out of that 19 lakh MT is fixed for FCI and 1 lakhMT for State Government. Hence, the State Government should be advised to open more and more


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paddy purchase centers for direct purchase of paddy as per the policy of decentralized procurementof Central Government.

For effective implementation of market intervention measures for the 30 revenue districts in Orissa,in a meeting held at Food Ministry, New Delhi, The area of operation was properly distributedbetween the State government and FCI to avoid duplication of efforts in paddy purchase operationAccordingly, FCI has been operating paddy Purchase through 42 centres in 13 revenue districtsespecially in western Orissa, which are the major paddy producing districts accounting for more than60% of marketable surplus and Stage Government has been operating in 17 coastal district through42 centres.

In addition to the above 42 centres run by FCI, the Hon'ble High Court of Orissa in its Judgmentdated 13.12.2004 has asked FCI to open 100 more Paddy Purchase centers in one district i.e.Bolangir in Orissa, there are only 70 Purchase Officers (Quality Control Officers) who are manning 70purchase Centres which includes 42 Paddy Purchase Centres run by FCI in view of recent VRS schemeintroduced in FCI and regular retirement, there is acute shortage of Quality Control and accountsStaff in this Region, which is also same for other Regions. With this market intervention by FCI andState Government, the paddy prices have stabilized and in some districts like Sambalpur and Bargarhthe paddy price is ruling more than the MSP.

FCI, Orissa Region was purchasing only levy rice since 1982-83 to meet the requirement of foodgrains under various schemes of Government of Orissa as per directives of Honble High Court,Orissa, Cuttack and on the advice of State Government to avoid any possibility of distress saleof paddy, FCI started intervening in the market by purchasing paddy directely from thefarmers since Kharif Marketing Season 2001-02. The present policy of the Central Governmentis for Decentralized Procurement whereby the State should procure and utilize the rice in thePublic Distribution System. The State has participated in the procurement operation of directpurchase of paddy through the Orissa State Civil Supplies Corporation and 4 (four) other stateagencies. But major target is put on FCI during the KMS 2006-07. The State Government, hasfixed a target of 22 lakh MT of rice out of that 4.67 lakh MT is fixed for Levy rice to beprocured by FCI from Rice Millers and 6,49,180 MTs CMR through direct purchase of paddy byFCI and its agency NCMSL. The balance CMR has been given to the State Government Agenciesfor procurement.

In the KMS 2006-07, the State Government through its agencies like Orissa State CivilSupplies Corporation, MARKFED, NAFED, PACS and TDCC issue are engaged in direct purchaseof paddy from farmers. Out of the above agencies, the State Civil Supplies Corporation Ltd.isactually involved in Decentralised Procurement as the resultant CMR of procured paddy byOSCSC Ltd. is issued under PDS. The rice of other agencies of the State Government likeNAFED, MARKFED, PACS and TDCC are delivered rice in the nearby FCI godowns as CustomMilled Rice.The agencywise districts-wise number of centres opened for purchase of paddyfor 2006 07 KMS are as given below :


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Name of theAgency

No. of centresopened

Revenue Districtscovered

Quantity ofpaddy

purchased inMT

Custom MillingRice delivered

in MT

PACS 819 28 117266 66956 NAFED 215 14 465608 278300 MARKFED 157 16 290850 190098 TDCC 9 8 20052 13027 OSCSC LTD 500 30 810622 * 505151

* Utlised for issue under PDS under Decentralisd Procurement Scheme.

As stated above, FCI was involved in purchase of paddy in Orissa from KMS 2001-02 and it hasexpanded its operations since then. In the district of Bolangir, there was a direction fromHonble High Court of Orissa that FCI should open minimum 100 Paddy PurchaseCentres. Since FCI is having shortage of manpower, with the approval of Ministry of ConsumerAffairs, Food & Public Distribution, Govt. of India, PACS purchase and paddy in Bolangir

district on behalf of FCI. PACS opened 84 centres on behalf of FCI in Bolangir district inaddition to 35 centres opened and directly run by FCI for purchase of paddy directly fromfarmers. Details indicating number of paddy purchase centres opened and revenue districtscovered & paddy purchased in KMS 2006 07 by FCI are indicated below :-

FCI district No. of centresopened

Quantity purchased in MT Custom Milling Rice

Balasore 05 928 612 Berhampur 01 696 459 Jeypore 09 24203 15974 Sambalpur 32 61746 40752 Titilagarh 134 98458 64982

Total 181 186031 122779

In order to implement the order of Hon'ble Orissa High Court passed on 13.12.2004 to open 100Paddy Purchase Centres in the districts of Bolangir. FCI Orissa Region as so far operated 59 Centres(20 FCI + 39 through PACS to purchase paddy on behalf of FCI due to acute shortage of QC staff it hasbecome extremely difficult to run such hugged number of paddy purchase centers by FCI.The paddyand levy rice purchased in last 4 years are as follows:


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Table-3

i. P ADD Y

Khar if YearNo . of cent er s

op era te d by FCI

Reve nu e dist ricts

Covere d

Q uantit y

pu rchase d in qtls .

2 001-0 2 01 01 2,166.00

2 00 2 -03 20 06 5,049.00

2 003-0 4 40 11 4,51,18518.00

2 00 4-05 (till 10 .03 .05 ) 96 13 5,27,240

Table-4

ii. LEVY RICE

Khar if marke tin g Targe t fixed by S tate

Gover nme nt

Q ty. procure d in lakh MT

D ist rict wis e .

2 001-0 2 15.00 12.75

2 00 2 -03 9.55 9.03

2 003 4 14.00 13.09

2 00 4-05 16.22 13.13

2 005-06 14.02 9.65

2 006-07 4.67 2.31

2 007-08 157.5 34.7


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TABLE-5

Age ncy wis e p rocu reme nt position of rice du r ing khar if /ra bi year( fig. in MT): -

AGENCIES 2 00 4-2 005 2 005- 2 006 2 006- 2 007 2 007- 2 008

OSCSC Ltd 66652 248653 388367 801856marke te d 33106 100463 130499 191533

NAFED 30901 116982 226562 337575

P ACS 56826 78978 51203 18346

TOTAL 187485 545076 796631 1349310

Table -6

D IS TRICT WIS E P ROCUREMENT OF LEVY RICE D URING THE KHARIF YEAR/RABI YEAR (as on 31 S T marc h ):-

(qt y. in me tric ton es)

N ame of the F CI districts

Quality

200 4 -0 5 200 5 -0 6 200 6 -07 2007-08

sam balpur 514973 332382 35201 371

C uttack 39928 33831 3446 1532

balesore 131122 114272 21104 6114

bhu baneswar 28461 31837 2667 270

berhampur 101053 90738 48742 14199

Jeypur 143643 101893 48668 12034

tittilagarh 354762 260661 71599 193


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S TORAGE

The following are the covered storage capacity presently available with FCI in the State.

(Fig in Lakh MT)

FCI Owned 2.93 Hired from CWC 0.82 Hired from OSWC (including godown space taken over under 7years guarantee.)

2.44

Hired from Private Party 0.15 TOTAL 6.34

Percentage of utilisation as on 30.09.2007 63%

During 11th Five year plan, Govt. of India has sanctioned for construction of 30000 MT Capacity of godown at three centres (10000 MT each). Prelimenery estimate for one centre i.e.at FSD, Dungripali (within the existing complex) submitted to ZO, FCI, Kolkata for onwardtransmission to FCI, HQrs. for sanction and allotment of funds. For two other centres atMancheswar and Baripada, concerned Collectors have been requested for allotment of land.

Out of the above storage capacity, 1,98,500 MT has been taken over from the Orissa StateWarehousing Corporation ( OSWC) under Seven Years Gurantee Scheme. Although the godowncapacity is sufficient for scientific storage of foodgrains but FCI needs more number of smallgodowns of 500 to 1000 MT capacity in rural areas to step up the paddy purchase operationsdirectly from the farmers which is not available .The infrastructure in the market yardsrequired for cleaning of paddy is virtually non existant. Although the State Government hasinstalled few cleaning machines through the Director of Markets, but this being inadequate cannot handle the volume of paddy coming to the market yards.


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CHAPTER 3


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M ethods of Data Collection

D ata-collection techniques allow us to systematically collect information about our objectsof study (people, objects, phenomena) and about the settings in which they occur.

In the collection of data we have to be systematic. If data are collected haphazardly, it will bedifficult to answer our research questions in a conclusive way.

Example: D uring a nutrition survey three different weighing scales were used in threevillages. The researchers did not record which scales were used in which village. After completion of the survey it was discovered that the scales were not standardised and indicateddifferent weights when weighing the same child. It was therefore impossible to conclude inwhich village malnutrition was most prevalent.

V arious d ata collection techniques can b e use d such as:

y U sing availa b le information y Observingy Interviewing (face-to-face)y Administering written questionnairesy Focus group discussionsy Projective techniques, mapping, scaling

M etho d of d ata collection use d

U sing availa b le information

U sually there is a large amount of data that has already been collected by others, although itmay not necessarily have been analysed or published. Locating these sources and retrievingthe information is a good starting point in any data collection effort.

F or example , analysis of the information routinely collected by health facilities can be veryuseful for identifying problems in certain interventions or in flows of drug supply, or for identifying increases in the incidence of certain diseases.

Analysis of health information system data, census data, unpublished reports and publicationsin archives and libraries or in offices at the various levels of health and health-relatedservices, may be a study in itself. U sually, however, it forms part of a study in which other data collection techniques are also used.

The use of key informants is another important technique to gain access to availableinformation. Key informants could be knowledgeable community leaders or health staff atvarious levels and one or two informative members of the target group (e.g., adolescents ontheir sexual behaviour). They can be involved in various stages of the research, from thestatement of the problem to analysis of the data and development of recommendations. Other sources of available data are newspapers and published case histories , e.g., patientssuffering from serious diseases, or their relatives, telling their experiences and how they cope.


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N ote: In order to retrieve the data from available sources, the researcher will have to designan instrument such as a checklist or compilation sheet. In designing such instruments, it isimportant to inspect the layout of the source documents from which the data is to beextracted. For health information system (HIS) data, for example, the data compilation sheetshould be designed in such a way that the items of data can be transferred in the order inwhich the items appear in the source document. This will save time and reduce error.

The advantage of using existing data is that collection is inexpensive. However, it issometimes difficult to gain access to the records or reports required, and the data may notalways be complete and precise enough, or too disorganised.

Ad vantages an d d isa d vantages of d ata collection metho d use d

Ad vantages:-

Is inexpensive because data is already there.Permits examination of trends over the past.

D isa d vantages:-

D ata is not always easily accessible.Ethical issues concerning confidentiality may rise.Information may be imprecise or incomplete.

BI AS IN IN FOR M AT I O N COLL E CT I O N

BIAS in information collection is a distortion in the collected data so that it does notrepresent reality.

There are so many bias in collection of data but the bias which can occur in the research donehere with the help of specific data collection method is described below:-

I nformation b ias:

Sometimes the information itself has weaknesses. Medical records may have many blanks or be unreadable. This tells something about the quality of the data and has to be recorded. For example, in a TB defaulter study the percentage of defaulters with an incomplete or missingaddress should be calculated.

Another common information bias is due to gaps in peoples memory; this is called memory or recall bias. A mother may not remember all details of her childs last diarrhoea episode

and of the treatment she gave two or three months afterwards. For such common diseases it isadvisable to limit the period of recall, asking, for example, Has your child had diarrhoeaover the past two weeks?

N ote:

All these potential biases will threaten the validity and reliability of your study. By beingaware of them it is possible, to a certain extent, to prevent them. If the researcher does notfully succeed, it is important to report honestly in what ways the data may be biased.


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Data collection techniques and tools used:

ChecklistsD ata compilation forms.


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CHAPTER 4


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In U nited States banking , cash management , or treasury management , is a marketing termfor certain services offered primarily to larger business customers. It may be used to describeall bank accounts (such as checking accounts ) provided to businesses of a certain size, but itis more often used to describe specific services such as cash concentration , zero balanceaccounting , and automated clearing house facilities. Sometimes, private banking customersare given cash management services.

Cash management services generally offered

The following is a list of services generally offered by banks and utilised by larger businessesand corporations:

y Account Recon cileme nt Serv ices: Balancing a checkbook can be a difficult process for a verylarge business, since it issues so many checks it can take a lot of human monitoring tounderstand which checks have not cleared and therefore what the company's true balanceis. To address this, banks have developed a system which allows companies to upload a listof all the checks that they issue on a daily basis, so that at the end of the month the bankstatement will show not only which checks have cleared, but also which have not. Morerecently, banks have used this system to prevent checks from being fraudulently cashed if they are not on the list, a process known as positive pay .

y Advance d We b S erv ices: Most banks have an Internet-based system which is moreadvanced than the one available to consumers. This enables managers to create andauthorize special internal logon credentials, allowing employees to send wires and accessother cash management features normally not found on the consumer web site.

y Arm ore d Car S erv ices (Cash Collec tion S erv ices): Large retailers who collect a great deal of cash may have the bank pick this cash up via an armored car company, instead of asking itsemployees to deposit the cash.

y Auto ma ted Clear ing Hous e: services are usually offered by the cash management division of a bank. The Automated Clearing House is an electronic system used to transfer fundsbetween banks. Companies use this to pay others, especially employees (this is how directdeposit works). Certain companies also use it to collect funds from customers (this isgenerally how automatic payment plans work). This system is criticized by some consumeradvocacy groups, because under this system banks assume that the company initiating thedebit is correct until proven otherwise.

y Balance Re po rtin g Serv ices: Corporate clients who actively manage their cash balancesusually subscribe to secure web-based reporting of their account and transactioninformation at their lead bank. These sophisticated compilations of banking activity mayinclude balances in foreign currencies, as well as those at other banks. They includeinformation on cash positions as well as 'float' (e.g., checks in the process of collection).Finally, they offer transaction-specific details on all forms of payment activity, includingdeposits, checks, wire transfers in and out, ACH (automated clearinghouse debits andcredits), investments, etc.

y Cash Concent ra tion S erv ices: Large or national chain retailers often are in areas where theirprimary bank does not have branches. Therefore, they open bank accounts at various localbanks in the area. To prevent funds in these accounts from being idle and not earningsufficient interest, many of these companies have an agreement set with their primary bank,


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whereby their primary bank uses the Automated Clearing House to electronically "pull" themoney from these banks into a single interest-bearing bank account.

y Lockbo x - Retail: services: Often companies (such as utilities) which receive a large numberof payments via checks in the mail have the bank set up a post office box for them, opentheir mail, and deposit any checks found. This is referred to as a "lockbox" service.

y Lockbo x - Whol esale : services: are for companies with small numbers of payments,sometimes with detailed requirements for processing. This might be a company like adentist's office or small manufacturing company.

y P ositi ve P ay : Positive pay is a service whereby the company electronically shares its checkregister of all written checks with the bank. The bank therefore will only pay checks listed inthat register, with exactly the same specifications as listed in the register (amount, payee,serial number, etc.). This system dramatically reduces check fraud.

y Rever se P ositi ve P ay: Reverse positive pay is similar to positive pay, but the process isreversed, with the company, not the bank, maintaining the list of checks issued. When

checks are presented for payment and clear through the Federal Reserve System, theFederal Reserve prepares a file of the checks' account numbers, serial numbers, and dollaramounts and sends the file to the bank. In reverse positive pay, the bank sends that file tothe company, where the company compares the information to its internal records. Thecompany lets the bank know which checks match its internal information, and the bank paysthose items. The bank then researches the checks that do not match, corrects any misreadsor encoding errors, and determines if any items are fraudulent. The bank pays only "true"exceptions, that is, those that can be reconciled with the company's files.

y Swee p accounts : are typically offered by the cash management division of a bank. Underthis system, excess funds from a company's bank accounts are automatically moved into amoney market mutual fund overnight, and then moved back the next morning. This allows

them to earn interest overnight. This is the primary use of money market mutual funds.

y Zero Balance Accountin g: can be thought of as somewhat of a h ack . Companies with largenumbers of stores or locations can very often be confused if all those stores are depositinginto a single bank account. Traditionally, it would be impossible to know which depositswere from which stores without seeking to view images of those deposits. To help correctthis problem, banks developed a system where each store is given their own bank account,but all the money deposited into the individual store accounts are automatically moved orswept into the company's main bank account. This allows the company to look at individualstatements for each store. U.S. banks are almost all converting their systems so thatcompanies can tell which store made a particular deposit, even if these deposits are alldeposited into a single account. Therefore, zero balance accounting is being used less

frequently.

y Wire Tra nsf er : A wire transfer is an electronic transfer of funds. Wire transfers can be doneby a simple bank account transfer, or by a transfer of cash at a cash office. Bank wiretransfers are often the most expedient method for transferring funds between bankaccounts. A bank wire transfer is a message to the receiving bank requesting them to effectpayment in accordance with the instructions given. The message also includes settlementinstructions. The actual wire transfer itself is virtually instantaneous, requiring no longer fortransmission than a telephone call.


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y Cont rolled D isbu rseme nt : This is another product offered by banks under CashManagement Services. The bank provides a daily report, typically early in the day, thatprovides the amount of disbursements that will be charged to the customer's account. Thisearly knowledge of daily funds requirement allows the customer to invest any surplus inintraday investment opportunities, typically money market investments. This is differentfrom delayed disbursements, where payments are issued through a remote branch of a bank

and customer is able to delay the payment due to increased float time.

In the past, other services have been offered the usefulness of which has diminished with therise of the Internet. For example, companies could have daily faxes of their most recenttransactions or be sent CD -ROMs of images of their cashed checks.

Cash management services can be costly but usually the cost to a company is outweighed bythe benefits: cost savings, accuracy, efficiencies, etc.

T ype of C ash M anagement use d in the FC I O rissa R egion:-

The Cash Management framework of Food Corporation of India (Orissa region) is different in itsapproach. Here both the objectives of an efficient and effective Cash Management like:-

1. Meeting the cash outflows.2. Minimizing the idle cash balance.

have been achieved by using various cash management products provided by the State Bank of India.

The cash outflows of FCI consists of payment for procurement of food grains and sugar atprocurement price which is fixed by the Govt. of India, later this procured food product are issued atissue price which comprises the cash inflow of the corporation. The gamut of cash outflows of the

corporation is very huge which can also further be justified by the fact that during the wheat/riceprocurement season and amount of Rs. 41000 millions for paddy and Rs.43000 millions for wheatare spent in Punjab as well as Rs.45000 millions is required to purchase levy rice at Andhra Pradeshapart from rest of the states of the country.

Hence in order to manage such immense cash outflows and minimize the cash holdings FCI hasdeveloped a system known as Revolving Cash Credit System with the help of State Bank of India.

T he cash management of F CI as a whole can b e su b divided into: -

1. Cash Management at planning stage.2. Cash Management at controlling stage.

C ash M anagement (at the stage of planning): -

In FCI planning is done regarding its operation. But as the operation of the corporation basicallycomprises of procurement of food grains, a detailed estimates are made regarding procurement of food grains based on past years data and a daily cash credit arrangement is made for a particularannum s operation in consultation with the headquarter level. But as the purchases are made at thepurchase centers under different regions, this daily cash credit limit at the New Delhi branch of State


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Bank of India is divided and transferred among different zonal offices and the daily zonal cash creditlimits of these particular zones are divided among different respective regions under it and at lastthe daily regional cash credit limit is further divided among different purchase centers. So this is howthe cash credit limit is further divided among different purchase centers. So this is how the cashcredit limit at the State Bank of India New Delhi branch passes and ultimately gets used at the local

branch of particular purchase center.This daily cash credits limit of the FCI works in revolving fashion and it is known as Revolving CashCredit System. But before going deep into the working this system it is better to clear the meaning of cash credit. There are many credit facilities provided by commercial banks to meet the workingcapital requirement of business concerns which are:-

1. Overdraft2. Cash credits3. Bills purchased and bills rediscounting4. Letter of credit5. Working capital term loan6. Funded interest term loan

C ash C redit:-

Under the cash credit the bank sanctions a loan limit and the borrower can withdraw any amount atany time within this limit the interest is charged at the specified rate on the amount withdrawn forthe relevant period. The bank may not charge any minimum commitment fee. Under this theborrowers has the option to withdraw or not the amount of loan sanctioned. The amount withdrawncan be repaid by depositing in the bank account. This will allow the borrowing firm to reduce theinterest burden. But in FCI Orissa region the cash credit limit is fixed on daily basis and the interest iscalculated on the daily net balance of the cash credit account.

However the basic difference between the overdraft and cash credit is that the cash credit are givenagainst the hypothecation of goods or security of book debts where as the overdrafts are givenagainst security of assets other than the inventories and book debts.

R evolving C ash C redit System:-

Under this system an arrangement is made by the Headquarter with the State Bank of India toprovide working capital assistants to FCI in the form of daily cash credit limit. The interest on thiscredit is charged on the net balance of Cash Credit account.

Mechanism of this system:-

The mechanism of this system starts by dividing the total cash credit limit of the Headquarter todifferent zonal branch and from zonal office to different regional offices and ultimately from regionaloffice to different purchase centers under them which utilizes the so called divided cash credit formaking payments for purchase of food grains. Similarly any cheques or demand drafts receivedagainst the State of food grains are deposited in the same account and a daily balance of the cashcredit limit is found out at the end of the day which is known as net cash credit limit that getstransferred from these purchase centers to regional branch s cash credit at the State Bank s regional


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branch. But this transferring mechanism doesn t stops here it continues till it reaches theHeadquarter again at the end of the day by reducing the cash credit account (which was so formedby dividing the total cash credit limit of the Headquarter) of each purchase center, regional officeand zonal office to zero balance. At last the daily net cash credit limit is worked out at theHeadquarter in New Delhi and the interest is charged by the bank on this amount.

Features of this system:-

1. It ensures that the balance of Cash Credit account at each purchase center, regionaloffices and zonal offices becomes zero at the end of the day as the net Cash Creditaccount balance get transferred to the Headquarter in a systematic channel.

2. It works with the support of the State Bank of India which has a wide network of brancharound the nation.

3. It is the ideal system of its kind which facilitates the charges of interest on daily netbalance basis in spite of such diverse operation.

4. The effectiveness of this system highly depends on the communication throughelectronic media.

5. The system is perfectly flexible. As the cash credit limit of different purchase centers,regional offices and zonal offices can be changed by taking permission of higherauthority. For example the cash credit limit at regional office can be changed byrequesting the respective zonal manager finance with sufficient reasons.

C ritical E valuation of this System:-

The analysis of this system highlights on the fact that it depends on the electronic communicationthe failure of which will affect its working. But in the present era it can be said that it is an extremepossibility because of the development in electronic communication media such as internet, fax etc.

It is also found out while analyzing this system the cash credit limit allotted to different purchasecenters, regional offices and zonal offices are very often allotted to increase which is a sign of inefficiency of the organization. But no one can raise objection to this, as FCI is required to fulfillvarious social objectives such as farmer s protection, safeguarding the customer s interest, marketinterventions, maintaining buffer stocks of food grains to ensure national food security anddistribution of food grains all over the country for public distribution system. Therefore to achievethese social objectives it becomes essential to change the cash credit limit but as far as the matter of control is concerned on such increase it taken care off as such changes are allowed only afterscrutinizing the causes behind it by superior authority.

Overall this revolving cash credit limit system is one of the best systems of its kind for Cash

Management as it achieves efficiently both the objectives of meeting the cash outflows and holdingminimum cash as balance.

C ash M anagement (at the stage of controlling): -

After making estimation of the procurement and cash credit limit required at different zonal offices,regional offices and purchase centers the emphasis comes on the fact that there should not be anysignificant difference between the budgeted and the actual cash flows at these different offices. Andto achieve this aspect controlling and reviewing of the total exercise is carried on a regular basis.


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Therefore at this stage of Cash Management, the finance managing staff of FCI takes situationspecific steps to control the following:-

1. Delays in cash flows.2. Misappropriation of FCI funds.3. Loss of cash on transit.

C ontrol of Delays in cash inflows:-

Prior to December 1999 FCI was facing a lot of problems because of the matter relating to delay incash collection of instrument by the banks as well as the transfer of funds from all units account tozonal account or Headquarter account. And to avoid such delays, it was decided on 16 December1999 with the approval of the Board of Directors to avail the facility of Cash Management product orfast collection techniques provided by State Bank of India or Corporation Bank or ICICI Bank. Underthis Cash Management product or fast collection service the authorized representatives of the bankswill visit the district office, regional office for collection of the cheques or demand draft for affordingcredit to the cash credit account maintained at Headquarter New Delhi with the SBI Industrial

Finance Branch New Delhi. The various aspects of the proposed fast collection service of the SBIavailed by the FCI are as follows:-

All cheques or demand drafts etc received by the district office or regional office will behanded over to the representatives of the Nominated Bank with Paying in Forms duly filledin quadruplicate separately for food and sugar account. With the following alpha numericcodes:-

1. FCI-------------------------------FCI Food Account.2. FCI-------------------------------FCI Sugar Account.

Fourth copy of the paying in forms (PIF) will be returned duly acknowledged by therepresentatives of the banks on the spot to the cashier.

Third copy of the paying in forms duly acknowledged by the banks will be handed over tothe cashier by the representative of the bank on the next day when he approaches thedistrict office/regional office for the collection of cheques/demand drafts.The interoffice remittance advice for such transfers will be sent directly to the Headquarteralong with the fourth copy of the Paying in forms by operating account head with a code of 300 `Q for food grain and 350 `Q for sugar operation. The Inter Office Remittance (IOR)advice will be sent to the JM funds, FCI Headquarter New Delhi on fortnightly basis.The district/regional office will affix the rubber stamp indicating the name of all instrumentsbefore handing over to the representatives of the bank.No district office/regional office will pay any service charge to the bank; all claims to the

service charges will be settled by the Headquarter.In case of return of cheques/demand drafts by the bank the same will have to be presentedagain to the representative of the bank along with other demand draft s next day afterremoving the discrepancies as pointed out by the bank. Such cheques/demand draftspresented to the bank will not be incorporated in the IQR, if already included in the totalamount of the IQR the previous day.For the amount transferred to the Headquarter under this system a weekly return in theenclosed Performa will be submitted by all district/regional offices.


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Since the cheques/demand drafts will not be credited into existing Cash Credit Account allunit offices are advised to review the existing limits with reference to their requirement.

List of places where S BI operates cash management product in Orissa:-

Cuttack

BalasoreSambalpurBerhampur

Ex penses of F CI Orissa region (as on 3 1st march):-

(Amount in rupees)

Sundry expenses (sundry totals only) 2004-05 2005-06

Binding charges 43401.00 49532.00Typing charges 4910.00 449.00Hot weather charges including khaskhas and its watering 19093.00 53909.00Cloth and polythene bags for samples 120470.00 61915.00Washing charges for apron curtains etc. 934.00 2405.00Hire charges of furniture tent and other equipments 8329.00 0.00Grand total 197137.00 168210.00D etails of other miscellaneous expenses 2004-05 2005-06Membership fees for FCI officers, BBSR MetropolisManagement

20000.00 ---------------

Charges for job Machine paid to Municipality Sambalpur 6343.50 ---------------

Ticket cancellation charges at Railways 5780.00 2617.00Penalty on sales tax 500.00 ---------------Visiting entry charges, Airport 1841.00 1115.00Cost of National Flag 195.00 330.00Rounding-up Provision 987.40 54.10ID card and Lamination Charges --------------- 5544.00Purchase of 4 plants for depot office, Jharsuguda --------------- 160.00Oil paint printing on the Jersey of football team, Sambalpur --------------- 400.00Registration fee for siding agreement --------------- 700.00T.V. cable connection charges --------------- 150.00Inspection charges paid to Quality Assurance for Gunnytransportation

--------------- 2713.00

Grand total 35646.90 13783.10(Table-2.2)

In the table 2.2 we have observed that Sundry Expenses have been decreased from Rs. 197137 in2005 to Rs. 168210 in 2006, registered a decline of 21.81%. Similarly the Misc. expenses have beendecreased from Rs. 35649.90 in 2005 to Rs. 13783.10 in 2006 registered a decline of 61.33%. Thesehuge decrements are because of efficient cash management techniques employed by FCI Orissa.


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I ncomes of F CI Orissa region (as on 3 1st March):-

(Amount in rupees)

Sundry incomes (sundry totals only)2004-05 2005-06

Sales of tender forms 158560.00 152802.80Weighment charges ---------------- ----------------Sale of C` class gunnies/unserviceable gunnies 107831.25 34199.50Rent of Guest room & Holiday home recovered 110580.00 83780.00Recovery of fumigation charges from CWC/SWC etc 256.74 0.00Grand total 377227.99 270781.30D etails of Other Miscellaneous Incomes 2004-05 2005-06For identity card from retired employees 460.00 240.00Recovery of transit loss in excess of cost food grains 894858.50 600020.00Fees recovered from contractors ----------------- 400.00Charges recovered from officers/staffs ----------------- 256880.00Recovery of penalty from Civil Contractors for delay inexecution of work

39445.00 ---------------

Income by rounding off paisa payable to farmers &RiceMillers towards purchase of paddy & rice

660.97 ---------------

Small petty amount refundable 0.48 ---------------Price of land inherited from food depot --------------- 1.00Received towards charges under Right to information to other parties

--------------- 55.00

Collected from other parties towards hiring FCI RLY FS D Balijhari

---------------- 1673981.25

Old news paper --------------- 24165.00Amount taken as income by computers from procured

paddy/rice

--------------- 4122.68

Received for audit of accounts --------------- 44200.00Grand total 935424.95 2604064.93

(Table-2.3)

In the table 2.3 we have observed that the Sundry Income decreases from Rs.377227.99 in 2005 toRs.270781.30 in 2006, registered a decline of 28%. Similarly the miscellaneous income increasesfrom Rs.935424.95 in 2005 to Rs.2604064.93 in 2006, registered a growth 178%.

This huge increment is due to efficient cash collection system adopted by FCI Orissa.


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Fi x ed Deposits/ N ational Saving C ertificate/Govt. Security/ Bank Guarantees (as on 3 1st March):-

(Amount in rupees)

Name of Accounting unit 2004-05 2005-06

R.O. Bhubaneswar 1500000 4500000

D .O. Bhubaneswar Nil Nil

D .O. Balasore 14000 14000

D .O. Berhampur Nil Nil

D .O. Cuttack 4750 Nil

D .O. Sambalpur 1508364.50 8364.50

D .O. Titlagarh 16350 16350

D .O. Jeypore 2500 2500

Grand total 3045964.50 4541214.50

(Table-2.4)

It has been observed in table 2.4 that Security Deposits has been increased from Rs.3045964.50 in2005 to Rs.4541214.50 in 2006 and registered a 49.08% growth.

Statement of Sundry De b tors (as on 3 1st March):-

(Amount in rupees)

1.Central Government 2004-05 2005-06

(a)Ministry of F & C.S. Govt. of India 20223013.70 Nil

(b)Ministry of D efense for supplies to D ef. D epartment 821118.00 1074058.00

(c)Other Central Govt. Organization 244494684.99 88148139.99


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(d)Ministry of PRG and AERA 16851571780.67 23011312909.77

2.State Govt. of Orissa 4103219.67 3912675.49

3.Other State Govt. Organization 1431452.90 512155.85

4.Private Parties

(a)Roller flour mills 29013.96 29013.96

(b)Sundry D ebtors, other parties 1134348.20 1917558.30

Grand total 17123808632.09 23106706511.36

(Table-2.5)

In the table2.5, we have observed that the Grand total of Sundry Debtors has been increased byRs.5982897897.27 in the year 2005-06 and registered a growth of 34.93%. here the Central Govt.constitutes the major debtor i.e. Ministry of PRG and AERA. It is not a big problem because there is asurety of getting back the debt money. But the Corporation should give more attention on the quickcollection of Other parties sundry debtors.

Budgetary Allocation of H andling Ex penses (as on 3 1st March):-

(Amount in Lakh Rupees)

2004-052005-06

5437 5269(Table-2.6)

Schedule of H andling C ost (as on 3 1st March):-

(Amount in rupees)

(Quantity in Metric Tonnes)

Syst em of handlin gP ayme nt

Tot al Handlin g cost Q uantit y handl ed Rate per MT2 005 2 006 2 005 2 006 2 005 2 006

Cont rac t Labo rBalaso re 14120561.00 11996717.00 308925.118 281799.924 45.71 42.57

Ber ham pu r 10501250.00 13716858.00 177263.810 224666.641 59.24 61.05Bhub anesw ar 10485911.00 11767012.00 219616.092 269466.792 47.75 43.67

Cutt ack 23158846.00 23064011.00 519466.576 521515.496 44.58 44.22Jey po re 14626271.12 16648147.00 276852.895 395174.290 52.83 42.13

S am balpu r 17741882.00 23292061.00 682910.444 823160.736 25.98 28.30Titlagar h 22110311.00 26584659.00 654869.983 733797.000 33.76 36.22Sub tot al 112745032.12 127069464.00 2839904.918 3249580.879 39.70 39.10


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D epar t me nt al Labo rBalaso re 130371067.45 92589463.50 449798.128 511754.881 289.84 180.92

Ber ham pu r 42341258.00 32502128.00 217691.879 274643.272 194.50 118.34Bhub anesw ar 62740117.00 55364573.00 166803.043 21420.876 376.13 263.11

Cutt ack 19961233.00 10809871.00 80326.616 80353.416 248.50 134.53S am balpu r 88516051.95 67515076.00 480624.824 477907.958 184.17 141.27

Titlagar h 30479033.00 26911578.00 195932.850 186866.000 155.56 144.01Sub tot al 374408760.40 285692689.50 1591177.340 1741946.403 235.30 164.01

D irec t P ayme nt Syst em Labo rBer ham pu r 4412996.00 4939481.000 38011.675 73274.130 116.10 67.41

Jey po re 5960863.00 25430031.00 64703.294 467856.931 92.13 54.35S am balpu r 34477686.30 17335271.00 421628.547 205677.288 81.77 84.28Titlagar h 18438132.00 ---- 206768.482 ---- 137.54 ----Cutt ack ---- 5596203.00 ---- 83892.261 ---- 66.52

Sub tot al 73289677.30 53300987.00 731111.998 830700.610 100.24 64.21Gra nd tot al 560443469.82 466063140.50 5162194.256 5822227.892 108.57 80.05

(Table-2.7)

In the table-2.6 the budget for Handling Expenses for the year 2005 is rs.5437 Lakh but theexpenditure (table-2.7) has been increased by rs.16743469.82 to the amount of rs.560443469.82.There remained a large deviation in this year. But in the year 2006 the Budget estimate is rs.5269Lakh, which is lower than the previous year s estimate. The actual expenditure in this year isrs.466063140.50 which is 11.54% lower than the Budget Allocation. Here it is clear that owing toefficient Cash Management Techniques the actual expenditure in the year 2006 has been decreased.

Handling cost is a type of Ordering cost which is associated with the purchasing or ordering of materials. It refers to the expenses incurred at the time of loading & unloading or transportation of goods. In table-2.7 we have observed that the rate per MT in Contract Labor is the lowest incomparison with the other laborers. In the section of Contract Labor the highest rate per MT i.e.rs.59.24 is in Berhampur. In the section of Departmental Labor the highest rate per MT is inBhubaneswar. Its subtotal rate per MT is Rs.235.30. So, proper controlling on work should beexercised to minimize the cost. Ssimilarly in the section of Direct Payment System Labor, Titlagarhhas achieved the maximum rate per MT.

Freight Budget (as on 3 1st march):-

(Amount in Lakh rupees)

2 00 4-05 2 0005-06

Whea t Rice W hea t RiceRail Fre ight 7.31 1186.83 6.82 1277.03Road Fre ight 159.36 326.14 163.63 337.42

Tot al 166.67 1512.97 170.45 1614.46(Table-2.8)


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Ex penses incurred on Lorry Freight (as on 3 1st march):-

(Amount in Lakh rupees)

(Quantity in Metric tonnes)

Comm odit y

Int er dist . / D e pot rece ipts f rom within reg ion (on

t ra nsf er in)

Int er D ist . / D epot disp atches within reg ion (on tra nsf er

out )On sales within reg ion

2 00 4-05 2 005-06 2 00 4-05 2 005-06 2 00 4-05 2 005-06

QTYAM

TQTY

AMT

QTYAMT

QTY AMT QTYAMT

QTYAMT

Whea t procure

d outsid e

st ate

120312.544

61.87

61929.886

40.15

2136.310

0.88 ---- ---- 1240.15

3259.717

16.84

Riceprocured

within st ate

5147290.254

287.09

713402.673

317.27

344854.033

1459.56

357725.644

1310.300

21428.203

25.41

81760.553

99.27

Riceprocure

d outsid e

st ate

71447.754

49.05

287473.320

718.01

---- ---- ---- ----1090

34.91

---- ----

Gunni es(new )

4605bales

2.11

669400

pieces

2.38

---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----

S to re s &

sp are s (****)

0.11

800.12

---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----

LDP C ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- 35 0.07 ---- ---- ---- ----Levy

su gar---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----

(Table-2.9)

Note:- (****) refers to

LDPE 18 pieces

Polythene 50 pieces

Jute twines of 49 kgs


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Ex penses incurred on R ailway Freight (as on 3 1st march):- (Amount in Lakh rupees)

(Quantity in tonnes)

Comm odit y

Int er D ist . / D epot disp a tches Within Region (on tra nsf er out )

2 00 4-05 2 005-06 QTY AMT QTY AMT

Whea t procure d outsid e st a te 2316.810 7.12 6110.215 12.41

Rice procure d within st ate

256495.596 471.23 105403.006 267.18

Rice procure d outsid e st a te

---- ---- 64239.844 189.44

(Table-3.0)

(Assumption:- the expenditure on inter dist./depot dispatches within region {on transfer out} hasbeen taken as actual expenditures for both rail and road freight)

The Budgetary Allocation of the Rail freight for the commodity Wheat in the years 2005 and 2006are Rs. 7.31 lakh and Rs. 6.82 lakh but the actual expenditures are Rs. 7.12 and Rs. 12.41 lakhrespectively. The budgetary allocation for the 2006 is very small in comparison to actualexpenditure. So, the Corporation should take necessary steps regarding this. But in the year 2005 thebudgetary allocation is sufficient to meet the actual expenditure. The budget of the Rail freight forthe years 2005 and 2006 is Rs. 1186.83 lakh and Rs. 1277.03 lakh but the actual expenditures are Rs.471.23 lakh and Rs. 456.62 lakh respectively. Here in both years the Budget allocation is sufficient tomeet the actual expenditures. In this analysis we have got the major portion of the Rail freight isutilized for carriage of rice.

The Budgetary allocation for the Road freight for the commodity Wheat in the years 2005 and 2006are Rs. 159.36 lakh and 163.63 lakh respectively but the actual expenditures are Rs. 0.88 lakh and nilrespectively. Here budgets are sufficient to meet the actual needs. The Budgetary allocation of theRoad freight for the commodity Rice in the years 2005 and 2006 are Rs. 326.14 lakh and Rs. 337.42lakh but the actual expenditures are Rs. 1459.56 lakh and Rs. 1310.30 lakh respectively. Here in theboth the years the budget is insufficient to meet the actual needs.So the Corporation should takenecessary steps to allocate more funds for both rail and road freights for the commodity Rice.

C ash C redit Limits of F CI Districts:-

(Amount in lakh rupees)

FCI Units Name of th e SBI Bra nch Norma l Cash Cre dit Lim it Region a

Documents

ankush cash mgt