Anmol Seminar 2

8/17/2019 Anmol Seminar 2

1/31

1. INTRODUCTION

Surround sound is a technique for enriching the sound reproduction quality of an

audio source with additional audio channels from speakers that surround the listener

(surround channels), providing sound from a 360° radius in the horiontal plane (!")

as opposed to #screen channels# (centre, $front% left, and $front% right) originating only

from the listener&s forward arc'

Surround sound is characteried y a listener location or sweet spot where the audio

effects work est, and presents a fied or forward perspective of the sound field to the

listener at this location' *he technique enhances the perception of sound spatialiation

y eploiting sound localiation+ a listener&s aility to identify the location or origin of

a detected sound in direction and distance' *ypically this is achieved y using multiple

discrete audio channels routed to an array of loudspeakers'$%

*here are various surround sound ased formats and techniques, varying in

reproduction and recording methods along with the numer and positioning of

additional channels'

-igure . /hannel Surround Sound

1

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_recording_and_reproductionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio_channelhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speaker_(electronics)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_channelshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_channelhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweet_spot_(acoustics)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychoacousticshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_localizationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio_channelhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loudspeakerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio_channelhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speaker_(electronics)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_channelshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_channelhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweet_spot_(acoustics)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychoacousticshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_localizationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio_channelhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loudspeakerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_recording_and_reproduction


2/31

*hough cinema and soundtracks represent the maor uses of surround techniques, its scope

of application is roader than that as surround sound permits creation of an audio1

environment for all sorts of purposes' 2ultichannel audio techniques may e used to

reproduce contents as varied as music, speech, natural or synthetic sounds for

cinema, television, roadcasting, or computers' n terms of music content for eample, a

live performance may use multichannel techniques in the contet of an open1air concert,

of a musical theatre or for roadcasting+$!% for a film specific techniques are adapted

to movie theater , or to home (e'g' home cinema systems)'$3%$4% *he narrative space is also a

content that can e enhanced through multichannel techniques' *his applies mainly to

cinema narratives, for eample the speech of the characters of a film,$5%$6%$% ut may also e

applied to plays for theatre, to a conference, or to integrate voice1ased comments in an

archeological site or monument' -or eample, an ehiition may e enhanced with topical

amient sound of water, irds, train or machine noise' *opical natural sounds may also e

used in educational applications'$7% 8ther fields of application include video game

consoles, personal computers and other platforms'$9%$0%$%$!% n such applications, the

content would typically e synthetic noise produced y the computer device in interaction

with its user' Significant work has also een done using surround sound for

enhanced situation awareness in military and pulic safety applications'

2

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinematic_techniques#Soundhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soundtrackhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multichannel_television_soundhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concerthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musical_theatrehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadcastinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_scorehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movie_theaterhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_cinemahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diegesishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Character_(arts)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filmhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-5https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-5https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-6https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-6https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-7https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Play_(theatre)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theatrehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhibitionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-8https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-9https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-9https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-10https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-11https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-11https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-12https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Situation_awarenesshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinematic_techniques#Soundhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soundtrackhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multichannel_television_soundhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concerthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musical_theatrehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadcastinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_scorehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movie_theaterhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_cinemahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diegesishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Character_(arts)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filmhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-5https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-6https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-7https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Play_(theatre)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theatrehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhibitionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-8https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-9https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-10https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-11https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-12https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Situation_awareness


3/31

2. HISTORY

*he first documented use of surround sound was in 940, for the "isney studio&s

animated film Fantasia' :alt "isney was inspired y ;ikolai owever, this eperimental use of

surround sound was ecluded from the film in later showings' n 95!, #surround

sound# successfully reappeared with the film #*his is /inerama#, using discrete

seven1channel sound, and the race to develop other surround sound methods took off'

$6%$%

n the 950s, the ?erman composer =arlhein Stockhausen eperimented with and

produced ground1reaking electronic compositions such as Gesang der

Jünglinge and Kontakte, the latter using fully discrete and rotating quadraphonic

sounds generated with industrial electronic equipment in >erert @imert&s studio at

the Westdeutscher Rundfunk (:"enry Eacos produced Aorte.

@periments in Sound and Fight 1 a series of concerts featuring new music, including

some of Eacos& own, and that of =arlhein Stockhausen, and many others 1 taking

place in the 2orrison Blanetarium in ?olden ?ate Bark, San -rancisco' Sound

designers commonly regard this as the origin of the (now standard) concept of

#surround sound'# *he program was popular, and Eacos and Delson were invited to

reproduce it at the 957 :orld @po in Drussels'$7% *here are also many other

3

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fantasia_(1940_film)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fantasia_(1940_film)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walt_Disneyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolai_Rimsky-Korsakovhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flight_of_the_Bumblebeehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flight_of_the_Bumblebeehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bumblebeehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fantasoundhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-16https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-17https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karlheinz_Stockhausenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesang_der_J%C3%BCnglingehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesang_der_J%C3%BCnglingehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kontakte_(Stockhausen)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kontakte_(Stockhausen)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westdeutscher_Rundfunkhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westdeutscher_Rundfunkhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edgar_Varesehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poeme_Electroniquehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iannis_Xenakishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philips_Pavilionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brussels_World's_Fairhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordan_Belsonhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Jacobshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karlheinz_Stockhausenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-18https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fantasia_(1940_film)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walt_Disneyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolai_Rimsky-Korsakovhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flight_of_the_Bumblebeehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bumblebeehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fantasoundhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-16https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-17https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karlheinz_Stockhausenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesang_der_J%C3%BCnglingehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesang_der_J%C3%BCnglingehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kontakte_(Stockhausen)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westdeutscher_Rundfunkhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edgar_Varesehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poeme_Electroniquehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iannis_Xenakishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philips_Pavilionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brussels_World's_Fairhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordan_Belsonhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Jacobshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karlheinz_Stockhausenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-18


4/31

composers that created ground1reaking surround sound works in the same time

period'

n 97, a concept devised y 2a Dell for "oly Faoratories called #split surround#

was tested with the movie #Superman#' *his led to the 0mm stereo surround release

of #Gpocalypse ;ow,# which ecame the first formal release in cinemas with three

channels in the front and two in the rear' *here were typically five speakers ehind the

screens of 0mm1capale cinemas, ut only the Feft, /enter and


5/31

3. CREATING SURROUND SOUND

Surround sound is created in several ways' *he first and simplest method is using a

surround sound recording techniqueJcapturing two distinct stereo images, one for the

front and one for the ack or y using a dedicated setup, e'g' an augmented "ecca

tree $9% JandHor miing1in surround sound for playack on an audio system using

speakers encircling the listener to play audio from different directions' G second

approach is processing the audio with psychoacoustic sound localiation methods to

simulate a two1dimensional (!1") sound field with headphones' G third approach,

ased on >uygens& principle, attempts reconstructing the recorded sound field wave

fronts within the listening space+ an #audio hologram# form' 8ne form, wave field

synthesis (:-S), produces a sound field with an even error field over the entire area'

/ommercial :-S systems, currently marketed y companies sonic

emotion and Iosono, require many loudspeakers and significant computing power'

5

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decca_treehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decca_treehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-19https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychoacoustichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_localizationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huygens'_principlehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_field_synthesishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_field_synthesishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iosonohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decca_treehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decca_treehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-19https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychoacoustichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_localizationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huygens'_principlehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_field_synthesishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_field_synthesishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iosono


6/31

-igure !' "ecca tree -igure 3' "imensions

*he Gmisonics form, also ased on >uygens& principle, gives an eact sound

reconstruction at the central point+ less accurate away from center point' *here are

many free and commercial software programs availale for Gmisonics, which

dominates most of the consumer market, especially musicians using electronic and

computer music' 2oreover, Gmisonics products are the standard in surround sound

hardware sold y 2eridian Gudio n its simplest form, Gmisonics consumes few

resources, however this is not true for recent developments, such as ;ear -ield

/ompensated >igher 8rder Gmisonics'$!0% Some years ago it was shown that, in the

limit, :-S and Gmisonics converge'$!%

-inally, surround sound can also e achieved y mastering level, from stereophonic

sources as with Benteo, which uses "igital Signal Brocessing analysis of a stereorecording to parse out individual sounds to component panorama positions, then

6

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambisonicshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meridian_Audiohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-20https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-21https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-21https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penteohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Signal_Processinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambisonicshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meridian_Audiohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-20https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-21https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penteohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Signal_Processing


7/31

positions them, accordingly, into a five1channel field' >owever, there are more ways

to create surround sound out of stereo, for instance with the routines ased

on KS and SK for encoding Kuad sound, where instruments were divided over 4

speakers in the studio' *his way of creating surround with software routines is

normally referred to as #upmiing,#,$!!% which was particularly successful on

the Sansui KS"1series decoders that had a mode where it mapped the F L < stereo

onto an M arc'

-igure 4' >uygenNs Brinciple

-igure 5' description >uygenNs Brinciple

7

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadraphonic_soundhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stereo_Quadraphonichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadraphonic_soundhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-22https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-22https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sansui_Electrichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadraphonic_soundhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stereo_Quadraphonichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadraphonic_soundhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-22https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sansui_Electric


8/31

TYPES OF MEDIA

/ommercial surround sound media include videocassettes, "A"s,

and >"*A roadcasts encoded as compressed "oly "igital and "*S, and lossless

audiosuch as "*S >" 2aster Gudio and "oly *rue>" on Dlu1ray "isc and >"

"A", which are identical to the studio master' 8ther commercial formats include the

competing "A"1Gudio ("A"1G) and Super Gudio /" (SG/") formats, and 2B3

Surround' /inema 5' surround formats include "oly "igital and "*S' Sony

"ynamic "igital Sound (S""S) is an 7 channel cinema configuration which features

5 independent audio channels across the front with two independent surround

channels, and a Fow1frequency effects channel' *raditional ' surround speaker

configuration introduces two additional rear speakers to the conventional 5'

arrangement, for a total of four surround channels and three front channels, to create a

more 360° sound field'

2ost surround sound recordings are created y film production companies or video

game producers+ however some consumer camcorders have such capaility either

uilt1in or availale separately' Surround sound technologies can also e used in

music to enale new methods of artistic epression' Gfter the failureof quadraphonic audio in the 90s, multichannel music has slowly een reintroduced

since 999 with the help of SG/" and "A"1Gudio formats' SomeGA receivers,

stereophonic systems, and computer soundcards contain integral digital signal

processors andHor digital audio processors to simulate surround sound from a

stereophonic source'

n 96, the rock group Bink -loyd performed the first1ever surround sound concert at

#?ames for 2ay#, a lavish affair at FondonNs Kueen @liaeth >all where the and

deuted its custom1made quadraphonic speaker system'$4% *he control device they had

made, the Gimuth /o1ordinator , is now displayed at Fondon&s Aictoria and Glert

2useum, as part of their *heatre /ollections gallery'$5

8

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DVD-Videohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HDTVhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_compression#Lossy_audio_compressionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolby_Digitalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Theater_Systemshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lossless_audio#Lossless_audio_compressionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lossless_audio#Lossless_audio_compressionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DTS_HD_Master_Audiohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolby_TrueHDhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blu-ray_Dischttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HD_DVDhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HD_DVDhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DVD-Audiohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Audio_CDhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MP3_Surroundhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MP3_Surroundhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5.1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolby_Digitalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Theater_Systemshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony_Dynamic_Digital_Soundhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony_Dynamic_Digital_Soundhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-frequency_effectshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/7.1_surround_soundhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camcorderhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadraphonichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AV_receivershttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soundcardhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_signal_processorhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_signal_processorhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pink_Floydhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Londonhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_Hallhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadraphonic_soundhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-14https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuth_Co-ordinatorhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museumhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museumhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-15https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DVD-Videohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HDTVhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_compression#Lossy_audio_compressionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolby_Digitalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Theater_Systemshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lossless_audio#Lossless_audio_compressionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lossless_audio#Lossless_audio_compressionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DTS_HD_Master_Audiohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolby_TrueHDhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blu-ray_Dischttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HD_DVDhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HD_DVDhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DVD-Audiohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Audio_CDhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MP3_Surroundhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MP3_Surroundhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5.1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolby_Digitalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Theater_Systemshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony_Dynamic_Digital_Soundhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony_Dynamic_Digital_Soundhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-frequency_effectshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/7.1_surround_soundhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camcorderhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadraphonichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AV_receivershttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soundcardhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_signal_processorhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_signal_processorhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pink_Floydhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Londonhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_Hallhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadraphonic_soundhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-14https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuth_Co-ordinatorhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museumhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museumhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-15


9/31

MAPPING CHANNELS TO SPEAKERS

n most cases, surround sound systems rely on the mapping of each source channel to

its own loudspeaker' 2atri systems recover the numer and content of the source

channels and apply them to their respective loudspeakers' :ith discrete surround

sound, the transmission medium allows for (at least) the same numer of channels of

source and destination+ however, one1to1one, channel1to1speaker, mapping is not the

only way of transmitting surround sound signals'

*he transmitted signal might encode the information (defining the original sound

field) to a greater or lesser etent+ the surround sound information is rendered for

replay y a decoder generating the numer and configuration of loudspeaker feeds for

the numer of speakers availale for replay O one renders a sound field as produced y

a set of speakers, analogously to rendering in computer graphics' *his #replay device

independent# encoding is analogous to encoding and decoding an Gdoe BostScript

file, where the file descries the page, and is rendered per the output device&s

resolution capacity' *he Gmisonics and :-S systems use audio rendering+ the

2eridian Fossless Backing contains elements of this capaility

9


10/31

SURROUND MICROPHONE TECHNIQUE

2ost !1channel stereophonic microphone techniques are compatile with a 31channel

setup (F/


11/31

gradient) microphones, additional omnidirectional (pressure microphones), ehiiting

an etended low1end response, can e added' *he microphoneNs output is usually low1

pass filtered'$!4%$!% G simple surround microphone configuration involves the use of a

front array in comination with two ackward1facing omnidirectional room

microphones placed aout 0O5 meters away from the front array' f echoes are

notale, the front array can e delayed appropriately' Glternatively, ackward facing

cardioid microphones can e placed closer to the front array for a similar

revereration pickup'$!5%

*he ;G15 (deal /ardioid Grrangement) is a surround microphone array that uses

five cardioid microphones resemling the angles of the standardised surround

loudspeaker configuration defined y the *P ere a affle is used for separation etween the

front left and right channels, which are 30 cm apart'$!3% 8utrigger omnidirectional

microphones, low1pass filtered at !50 >, are spaced 3 meters apart in line with the F

and < cardioids' *hese compensate for the ass roll1off of the cardioid microphones

11

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-K.G_Saur-24https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-Microphone_Book-27https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-Microphone_Book-27https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-Surround_Sound:_Up_and_Running-25https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-Surround_Sound:_Up_and_Running-25https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-Sound_And_Recording-23https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-Sound_And_Recording-23https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-K.G_Saur-24https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-Sound_And_Recording-23https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-Sound_And_Recording-23https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-K.G_Saur-24https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-Sound_And_Recording-23https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-K.G_Saur-24https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-Microphone_Book-27https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-Surround_Sound:_Up_and_Running-25https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-Surround_Sound:_Up_and_Running-25https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-Sound_And_Recording-23https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-Sound_And_Recording-23https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-K.G_Saur-24https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-Sound_And_Recording-23https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-K.G_Saur-24https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-Sound_And_Recording-23


12/31

and also add epansiveness'$!6% G 31meter spaced microphone pair, situated !O3 meters

ehind front array, is used for the surround channels'$!3% *he centre channel is again

placed slightly forward, with the FH< and FSHere,

four cardioid microphones, 90 degrees relative to one another, are placed in square

formation, separated y !O!5 cm'$!5%$!% *he front two microphones should e

12

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-On-Location_Recording_Techniques-26https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-Sound_And_Recording-23https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-Sound_And_Recording-23https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-K.G_Saur-24https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-Surround_Sound:_Up_and_Running-25https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-Sound_And_Recording-23https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-Sound_And_Recording-23https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-K.G_Saur-24https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-K.G_Saur-24https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-Surround_Sound:_Up_and_Running-25https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-K.G_Saur-24https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-Surround_Sound:_Up_and_Running-25https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-Surround_Sound:_Up_and_Running-25https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-Microphone_Book-27https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-Microphone_Book-27https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-On-Location_Recording_Techniques-26https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-Sound_And_Recording-23https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-Sound_And_Recording-23https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-K.G_Saur-24https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-Surround_Sound:_Up_and_Running-25https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-Sound_And_Recording-23https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-K.G_Saur-24https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-K.G_Saur-24https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-Surround_Sound:_Up_and_Running-25https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-K.G_Saur-24https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-Surround_Sound:_Up_and_Running-25https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-Surround_Sound:_Up_and_Running-25https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-Microphone_Book-27


13/31

positioned 45 degrees off ais from the sound source' *his technique therefore

resemles ack to ack near1coincident stereo pairs' *he microphones outputs are fed

to the F, < and FS,


14/31

ass management system may direct ass to one or more suwoofers (if present)

from any channel, not ust from the F-@ channel' Glso, if there is no suwoofer

speaker present then the ass management system can direct the F-@ channel to one

or more of the main speakers'

LOW FREQUENCY EFFECTS CHANNEL

Decause the low-freuency effects channel requires only a fraction of the andwidth of

the other audio channels, it is referred to as the #'# channel+ for eample #5'# or

#'#'$citation needed %

*he !F" is a source of some confusion in surround sound' *he F-@ channel was

originally developed to carry etremely low #su1ass# cinematic sound effects (with

commercial suwoofers sometimes going down to 30 >, e'g', the loud rumle of

thunder or eplosions) on their own channel' *his allowed theaters to control the

volume of these effects to suit the particular cinema&s acoustic environment and sound

reproduction system' ndependent control of the su1ass effects also reduced the

prolem of intermodulation distortion in analog movie sound reproduction' G #su1

woofer# capale of playing ack frequencies as low as 5 > was developed y a small

14

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-frequency_effectshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-frequency_effectshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hertzhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intermodulationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-frequency_effectshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hertzhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intermodulation


15/31

speaker manufacturer in -lorida' t utilied a propellor design and required a large

cainet to move su1sonic air mass'$!7%

n the original movie theater implementation, the F-@ was a separate channel fed to

one or more suwoofers' >ome replay systems, however, may not have a separate

suwoofer, so modern home surround decoders and systems often include a ass

management system that allows ass on any channel (main or F-@) to e fed only to

the loudspeakers that can handle low1frequency signals' *he salient point here is that

the F-@ channel is not the #suwoofer channel#+ there may e no suwoofer and, if

there is, it may e handling a good deal more than effects' $!9%

Some record laels such as *elarc and /hesky have argued that F-@ channels are notneeded in a modern digital multichannel entertainment system'$citation needed % *hey argue

that all availale channels have a full1frequency range and, as such, there is no need

for an F-@ in surround music production, ecause all the frequencies are availale in

all the main channels' *hese laels sometimes use the F-@ channel to carry a height

channel, underlining its redundancy for its original purpose' *he lael DS generally

uses a 5'0 channel mi'

SURROUND SOUND SPECIFICATIONS

;8*G*8;S

Decause the low1frequency effects channel requires only a fraction of the andwidth

of the other audio channels, it is referred to as the #'# channel+ for eample #5'# or

#'#'

*he F-@ is a source of some confusion in surround sound' *he F-@ channel wasoriginally developed to carry etremely low #su1ass# cinematic sound effects (with

15

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-28https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-29https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telarchttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telarchttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telarchttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chesky_Recordshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chesky_Recordshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-frequency_effectshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-28https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-29https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telarchttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chesky_Recordshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-frequency_effects


16/31

commercial suwoofers sometimes going down to 30 >, e'g', the loud rumle of

thunder or eplosions) on their own channel' *his allowed theaters to control the

volume of these effects to suit the particular cinema&s acoustic environment and sound

reproduction system' ndependent control of the su1ass effects also reduced the

prolem of intermodulation distortion in analog movie sound reproduction' G #su1

woofer# capale of playing ack frequencies as low as 5 > was developed y a small

speaker manufacturer in -lorida' t utilied a propellor design and required a large

cainet to move su1sonic air mass'$!7%

n the original movie theater implementation, the F-@ was a separate channel fed to

one or more suwoofers' >ome replay systems, however, may not have a separate

suwoofer, so modern home surround decoders and systems often include a ass

management system that allows ass on any channel (main or F-@) to e fed only to

the loudspeakers that can handle low1frequency signals' *he salient point here is that

the F-@ channel is not the #suwoofer channel#+ there may e no suwoofer and, if

there is, it may e handling a good deal more than effects' $!9%

Some record laels such as *elarc and /hesky have argued that F-@ channels are not

needed in a modern digital multichannel entertainment system'$citation needed% *hey argue

that all availale channels have a full1frequency range and, as such, there is no need

for an F-@ in surround music production, ecause all the frequencies are availale in

all the main channels' *hese laels sometimes use the F-@ channel to carry a height

channel, underlining its redundancy for its original purpose' *he lael DS generally

uses a 5'0 channel mi'

/hannel identification

16

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hertzhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intermodulationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-28https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-29https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telarchttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chesky_Recordshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hertzhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intermodulationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-28https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-29https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telarchttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chesky_Recordshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed


17/31

Zero-based order within multi-

channel

mp3 /wav /flac datastream[31][32][33][34]

Order

within

DTS /AAC [35]

[36]

Channel

name

Color-coding on

commercial

receiver and

cabling

0 1 Front left White

1 2 Front right Red

2 0 Center Green

3 5Low

frequenc!ur"le

4 3#urround

left$lue

5 4 #urroundright

Gre

6 6#urround

%&c' left$rown

( (#urround

%&c' right)h&'i

Front left Center Front right

#urround left #urround right

#urround %&c' left #urround %&c' right

Low frequenc

17

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-basedhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MP3_Surroundhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flachttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flachttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-31https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-32https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-33https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-34https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DTS_(sound_system)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Audio_Codinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Audio_Codinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Audio_Codinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-35https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-35https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-36https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-basedhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MP3_Surroundhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flachttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-31https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-32https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-33https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-34https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DTS_(sound_system)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Audio_Codinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-35https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-35https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#cite_note-36


18/31

Figure 6* Ch&nnel identific&tion

Sonic :hole 8verhead Sound

n !00!, "oly premiered a master of :e :ere Soldiers which featured a Sonic :hole

8verhead Sound soundtrack' *his mi included a new ceiling1mountedheight channel*

Gmisonics

Gmisonics is a series of recording and replay techniques using multichannel miing

technology that can e used live or in the studio and which recreates the soundfield as it

eisted in the space, in contrast to traditional surround systems, which can only create illusion

of the soundfield if the listener is located in a very narrow sweetspot etween speakers' Gny

numer of speakers in any physical arrangement can e used to recreate a sound field' :ith 6

or more speakers arranged around a listener, a 31dimensional (#periphonic#, or full1sphere)

sound field can e presented' Gmisonics was invented y 2ichael ?eron*

Dinaural


19/31

DOLBY DIGITAL SURROUND

"oly "igital is the common version containing up to si discrete channels of sound'

*he most elaorate mode in common use involves five channels for normal1range

speakers (!0 > O !0,000 >) (right, center, left, right surround, left surround) and

one channel (!0 > O !0 > allotted audio) for the suwoofer driven low1frequency

effects'$% 2onoand stereo modes are also supported' G/13 supports audio sample1

rates up to 47 k>' *he Faser"isc version of #lear and $resent %anger featured the

first home theater "oly "igital mi in 995'$citation needed %

*his format has different names.

• "oly "igital

• "" (an areviation for "oly "igital, often comined with channel count+ for

instance, "" !'0, "" 5')

• G/13 (Gudio /odec 3, Gdvanced /odec 3, Gcoustic /oder 3' $*hese

are ackronyms' Gdaptive *ransform Gcoustic /oding 3 is a separate format

developed y Sony'%)$!%

• G*S/ GH5! (name of the standard)$3%

+ol% +igit&l ,-

"oly "igital @C is similar in practice to "oly&s earlier Bro1Fogic format, which

utilied matri technology to add a center surround channel and single rear surround

channel to stereo soundtracks' @C adds an etension to the standard 5'channel "oly

"igital codec in the form of matried rear channels, creating 6' or ' channel

output'

19

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subwooferhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-frequency_effectshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-frequency_effectshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolby_Digital#cite_note-11https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolby_Digital#cite_note-11https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monauralhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stereophonic_soundhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaserDischttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clear_and_Present_Danger_(film)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_cinemahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backronymhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backronymhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATRAC3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolby_Digital#cite_note-12https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATSC_(standards)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolby_Digital#cite_note-13https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolby_Pro_Logichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrix_(sound_recording)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_surround_channelhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_surround_channelhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5.1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5.1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_soundhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_soundhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subwooferhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-frequency_effectshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-frequency_effectshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolby_Digital#cite_note-11https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monauralhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stereophonic_soundhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaserDischttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clear_and_Present_Danger_(film)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_cinemahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backronymhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATRAC3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolby_Digital#cite_note-12https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATSC_(standards)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolby_Digital#cite_note-13https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolby_Pro_Logichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrix_(sound_recording)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_surround_channelhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5.1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound


20/31

Dolby Digital Surround E

*he cinema version of %olby %igital "& is called %olby %igital 'urround "& and

works similarly' t was co1developed y "oly and Fucasfilm *>C in time for the

release in 2ay 999 of 'tar Wars( ")isode I * +he $hantom ,enace' t provides an

economical and ackwards1compatile means for 5' soundtracks to carry a sith,

center ack surround channel for improved localiation of effects' *he etra surround

channel is matri encoded onto the discrete left surround andright surround channels

of the 5' mi, much like the front center channel on "oly Bro Fogic encoded stereo

soundtracks' *he result can e played without loss of information on standard 5'

systems, or played in 6' or ' on systems with Surround @C decoding and added

speakers' "oly "igital Surround @C has since een used for the Star :ars prequels

on the "A" versions and also the remastered original Star :ars trilogy' G numer of

"A"s have a "oly "igital Surround @C audio option'

Figure (*1 +ol% ho.e the&ter

+ol% +igit&l Li/e

"oly "igital Five (""F) is a real1time encoding technology for interactive media

such as video games' t converts any audio signals on a B/ or game console into a 5'1

channel 61itH47 k> "oly "igital format at 640 kitHs and transports it via a

singleSHB"- cale'$4% G similar technology known as "*S /onnect is availale from

competitor "*S' Gn important enefit of this technology is that it enales the use of

digital multichannel sound with consumer sound cards, which are otherwise limited to

digital B/2 stereo or analog multichannel sound ecause SHB"- over


21/31

and *8SF;= can only support two1channel B/2, "oly "igital multichannel audio,

and "*S multichannel audio' >"2 was later introduced, and it can carry

uncompressed multichannel B/2, lossless compressed multichannel audio, and lossy

compressed digital audio' >owever, "oly "igital Five is still useful with >"2 to

allow transport of multichannel audio over >"2 to devices that are unale to handle

uncompressed multichannel B/2'

"oly "igital Five is availale in sound cards using various manufacturers& audio

chipsets' *he SoundStorm, used for the Cogame console and

certain n-orce! motheroards, used an early form of this technology' ""F is availale

on motheroards with codecs such as


22/31

:hile they forgot aout the plan, programmer "aniel =awakami made a hot issue y

applying Guentech Brelude ""F module ack to /reative C1-i cards y disguising

the hardware identity as Guentech Brelude'$%

/reative Fas alleged =awakami violated their intellectual property and demanded he

cease distriuting his modified drivers' $%$7%$9%

@ventually /reative struck an agreement with "oly Faoratories regarding the "oly

license royalty y arranging that the licensing cost e folded into the purchase price of

the /reative C1-i B/ cards rather than as a royalty paid y /reative themselves'

$6% Dased on the agreement, in Septemer !007 /reative egan selling the %olby

%igital !ie packs enaling "oly "igital Five on /reative&s C1-i B/ series of soundcards' t can e purchased and downloaded from /reative' Susequently /reative

added their %+' #onnect pack to the ""F pack at no added cost'$!0%

Dolby Digital Plus

22

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolby_Digital#cite_note-daniel_k-17https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolby_Digital#cite_note-daniel_k-17https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolby_Digital#cite_note-BrokenBlaster-18https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolby_Digital#cite_note-daniel_k_2-19https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolby_Digital#cite_note-DDL_license_issue_of_X-Fi-16https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolby_Digital#cite_note-DDL_license_issue_of_X-Fi-16https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolby_Digital#cite_note-Dolby_Digital_Live_pack-20https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolby_Digital#cite_note-daniel_k-17https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolby_Digital#cite_note-daniel_k-17https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolby_Digital#cite_note-BrokenBlaster-18https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolby_Digital#cite_note-daniel_k_2-19https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolby_Digital#cite_note-DDL_license_issue_of_X-Fi-16https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolby_Digital#cite_note-Dolby_Digital_Live_pack-20


23/31

-igure ' Surround sound speaker placement

@1G/13 ("oly "igital Blus) is an enhanced coding system ased on the G/13 codec't offers increased itrates (up to 6'44 2itHs), support for more audio channels (up

to 3'), and improved coding techniques (only at low data rates) to

reduce compression artifacts, enaling lower data rates than those supported y G/13

(e'g' 5'1channel audio at !56 kitHs)' t is not ackward compatile with eisting G/1

3 hardware, though @1G/13 codecs generally are capale of transcoding to G/13 for

equipment connected via SHB"-' @1G/13 decoders can also decode G/13 itstreams'

*he fourth generation Gpple *A supports @1G/13'$!% *he discontinued >"

"A" system directly supported @1G/13' Dlu1ray "isc offers @1G/13 as an option

to graft added channels onto an otherwise 5' G/13 stream, as well as for delivery of

secondary audio content (e'g' director&s commentary) that is intended to e mied with

the primary audio soundtrack in the Dlu1ray "isc player'

+ol% rue+

23

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codechttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codechttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitratehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio_channelhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compression_artifactshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codechttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcodinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S/PDIFhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolby_Digital#cite_note-21https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HD_DVDhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HD_DVDhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blu-ray_Dischttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blu-ray_Dischttps://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/grafthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5.1_surround_soundhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codechttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitratehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio_channelhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compression_artifactshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codechttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcodinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S/PDIFhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolby_Digital#cite_note-21https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HD_DVDhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HD_DVDhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blu-ray_Dischttps://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/grafthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5.1_surround_sound


24/31

"oly *rue>", developed y "oly Faoratories, is an advanced lossless audio codec

ased on 2eridian Fossless Backing' Support for the codec was mandatory for >"

"A" and is optional for Dlu1ray "isc hardware' "oly *rue>" supports !41it,

96 k> audio channels at up to 7 2itHs over 4 channels (>" "A" and Dlu1ray

"isc standards currently limit the maimum numer of audio channels to eight)' t

supports metadata, including dialog normaliation and "ynamic


25/31

*he &'& in 5', ' etc' refers to the F-@ channel, which is also a discrete channel'

Gpplications

"oly "igital audio is used on "A"1Aideo and other purely digital media, like home

cinema' n this format, the G/13 itstream is interleaved with the video and control

itstreams'

*he system is used in andwidth1limited applications other than "A"1Aideo, such as

digital *A' *he G/13 standard allows a maimum coded it rate of 640 kitHs' 35mm

film prints use a fied rate of 3!0 kitHs, which is the same as the maimum it rate

for !1channel 2B3' "A"1Aideo discs are limited to 447 kitHs, although many players

can successfully play higher1rate itstreams (which are non1compliant with the "A"

specification)' >" "A" limits G/13 to 447 kitHs' G*S/ and digital cale standards

limit G/13 to 447 kitHs' Dlu1ray "isc, the BlayStation 3 and the Co game console

can output an G/13 signal at a full 640 kitHs' Some Sony BlayStation ! console

games are ale to output G/13 standard audio as well, primarily during pre1rendered

cutscenes'

"oly is part of a group of organiations involved in the development of GG/

(Gdvanced Gudio /oding), part of 2B@? specifications, and considered the

successful 5''

25

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MP3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATSC_Standardshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Audio_Codinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MP3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATSC_Standardshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Audio_Coding


26/31

"?*GF SP


27/31

-igure 7' 6' Sound System

@verything is the same as the 5' system ecerpt in a 6' surround sound setup there is an

additional setup rear center channel speaker for sound'

' Surround Sound System

27


28/31

-igure 9' ' surround sound system

*his has ecome the industry standard for dedicated home theatre rooms' e@verything

remains the same for the 5' surround sound' ;ow instead of a rear center channel speaker

like the 6' setup' n a ' sound setup there are (!) additional surround channel

speakers for left side and right side audio' *hese are centered etween the front left and

right the rear left and right speakers'

28


29/31

WHAT IS DTS FORMAT ?

"*S is a series of multichannel audio technologies (formerly known as "igital *heater

Systems, nc'), a company dedicatedly specialiing in digital surround sound formats used

for oth commercialHtheatrical and consumer grade applications'

n the home theater market, G/13 and "*S are close in terms of audio performance'

:hen the "*S audio track is encoded at its highest legal itrate (509'5 kps), technical

eperts rank "*S as perceptually transparent for most audio program material (i'e',

indistinguishale to the un1coded source in a doule lind test)' "oly claims its

competing G/13 codec achieves similar transparency at its highest coded itrate (640

kps)' >owever, in program material availale to home consumer markets ("A",

roadcast, and suscription digital *A), neither G/13 nor "*S typically run at their

highest allowed itrate' "A" and roadcast (G*S/) >"*A cap G/13 itrate at 447

kps' TT/onvert 2!*S with "*S to G/13

>owever, even at that rate, consumer audio gear already enoys etter audio performance

than theatrical (35 mm movie) installations, which are limited to even lower itrates'

:hen "*S audio was introduced to the "A" specification, studios authored "A"

movies at "*S& full itrate(509'5 kps)' Fater, movie titles were almost always encoded

at a reduced itrate of 54'5 kps, ostensily to increase the numer of audio tracks on the

movie disc' Gt this reduced rate (54'5 kps), "*S no longer retains audio transparency'

G/13 and "*S are udged y their encoded itrates' "*S proponents claim that the etra

its give higher fidelity and more dynamic range, providing a richer and more lifelike

sound' Dut no conclusion can e drawn from their respective itrates, as each codec relies

on different coding tools and synta to compress audio'

Fike G/13, "*S surrounding has also stereo surrounds channel.

2ono (/enter only)

!1channel stereo (Feft R


30/31

31channel stereo with mono surround (Feft, /enter,


31/31

REFERENCES

' /hristos 2anolas and Sandra Bauletto Uuse of multi channel soundtrack in cinemasV

!' 2ark kernis Unarration in the cinema of "igital soundV

3' "urand Degault Uaudio visual communiation monitoring system for enhanced

awarenessV

4' *omilson Usurround sound up and runningV

Documents

Anmol Seminar 2