- 1 -

- -

Editor's Note

- : - -(dark tourism): -, -, : -

-: /:,- /:,

- ,,: (2015)

:,- : (2011)

:,- : (1999)

:,

- JeanComaroff(1985)Bodyof Power, Spirit ofResistance

-?

- /:

- 1 -

Editor's Note

()

1. 6 . . 2015 , 1 . 1 , . , . . , . . , . , . . . , . . . .

- 2 -

, . , Current Anthropology . . . , . . 9 Anthro(, Anthropia) . Anthro anthropology anthro, topia pia , () . . anthropia.kr . Anthro , . . .

2. Anthro , . : . Anthro 2015 4 16, 1 1 . , . , . 2015 5 . . .

- 3 -

. , . Anthro 2 . Anthro , . , . . . Jean Comaroff Body of Power, Spirit of Resistance: The Culture and History of a South African People , (Neuroanthropology) . . (field) (fieldwork) . , . 22 Anthro . , . . , . . Anthro , . .

3. 10 , . ( ) .

- 4 -

2 . , 2 . 1 2000 , 15 . , Anthro 15 . Anthro , , . Anthro . 1 , Anthro 3. . Anthro , . , . . , . 2000 ( ) . 15 2/3 ,1) . , 15 . , . . 15 , . . . 15 , . , .

1) anthropia.kr . 15 .

- 5 -

. . . . . , . . , . , . Anthro . , Anthro , . Anthro 2 , , . , Anthro . , . , . , Anthro . . , . , . , . , Anthro .

- 6 -

- :

()

. . .

. (, )

1.

. . , . ? 2 . , xx, . 20 . . . . 1 . 9 . . . 1 . . 1 . . ( )2)

2) 16 , 1 . "1 . 2014 4 16 476 , 295 9 " . " . ." 1 . ' ' " , ." " , "

- 7 -

. .

, , , . , . / . . 2014 4 16 . . , , (), . . .( 2015), .( 2015) , . (field) , , . , . . , . , , . , .( 2014:157)

, , , , . . . ? , , (rapport) ? . .3) 1 ,

.() 3)

. . .

- 8 -

/ . , . ? , , , , , , . () . , , , , .

2. vs.

. () () . () . . . . , // , ? , .4) . ( ) . () () - .

. (field) ?5) (event) .

4) .

5) . ( ). .( 2013:303)

- 9 -

. . , , , , , () . . () . . , . . ? . 4 21 . ? / . (represent) (present) . () /. (Siegel) (witchcraft) () . (event) . (accident) , (Siegel 2006:9). . (uncanny) . ... (Siegel 2006:26) . , , . . . , , , , , , . ?

. (Siegel) . (public event) (Handelman) (events of modelling), (events of presentation), (events of re-presentation) . (Handelman 1998:58-62 ).

- 10 -

3. : ()

2014 4 16 , . 1 TV . ? . 1 3~7 . . , 2-3 .

. . ? . .

. TV . . , . .6) . , . . . - - . ? . , () . . ? . ( ) .

6) [ 1] [ 2] . ?

- 11 -

[ 1] http://internasional.kompas.com/read/2014/04/16/1410432/100.Lebih.Penumpang.Kapal.Tenggelam.di.Korsel.Belum.Ditemukan

[ 2] 2014 8http://www.nydailynews.com/news/world/13-rescued-2-missing-boat-sinks-coast-indonesia-article-1.1907517

, 40 . ()

- 12 -

, . . . / . , - . . (). -.

- . / . , / -.

4. : . , , . () ( 2014). . . 7), . . . () . . , (as if) . , , .

7) , , . . .

- 13 -

. . 4 . , , , . , .( 2014:12)

. . . ? . . . . 1 . . , / () .

, .8) - - . () , , .

() - - vs - . - - : , - ,

() - . , , .

8) 1 , , .

- 14 -

. . / () .

- / - - - 10002000 - - 1 :

, . , . , 1 . , .

- / - vs - - vs. - , - 9 -

. , . ( .

- 15 -

. .)

. 1 . 9) ? () . , , () () . , , . - - . ( ) . (Victor Tuner) (social drama) . , , , .10) 1 . , 1~2 ? . , . . .

. - . 9 . , . . .

9) . ( ) / ? () .

10) , (). (). (). () ( 1996 ).

- 16 -

Handelman, Don, 1998, Models and Mirrors: Towards an Anthropology of Public events, Berghahn Books.

Siegel, James, 2006, Naming the Witch, Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. , 2014, , , , . , ( ), 2013, , ., 2014, , , . , 2014 : , ,

. , ( ), 1996, , .

, [ ] (). , , . " "

, 17 ... '', , [ 1 ] ()., 1 ., [ ] , ().

- 17 -

- :

(dark tourism)1): '

()

1. : , ?

2014 4 16, 1 . . .

[ 1] (: 2014 5 31, )

[ 1] , . ( ) , 3 ( ) . ? [ 2] ,

1) dark tourism . 2008 4 , dark tourism , . , ( 2010; 2011), .

- 18 -

. , .

[ 2]

? ? , , , , , , , . , , . . , , . . , , . , . (2014) . , . 1) , 2) , 3) , 4) 4, . 2014 7 9 , . , . ,

- 19 -

. 1 , , . ( 2014) , , . . , , . . ? , ( 2014 5 132)). , . ( 2014), ( 2014), , , ( 2015). (2015) 2011 , , . , 1 . , . ,

2) (2014) . . . , .

http://news.khan.co.kr/kh_news/khan_art_view.html?artid=201405232041415&code=960205

- 20 -

. 1 , . , .

2. , (Smith and Croy 2005: 199) . 1990 . (dark Tourism) . 1996 , , (Foley and Lennon 1996), 2000 20 21 , , , (Lennon and Foley 2000: 7-12: 2011 ) . , (thanatourism)3) (black spot) . , . () , (Seaton 1996; Rojek 1993: 2010 ). 19 (black romanticism), 20 . (Rojek 1993) (black spot) , (James Dean) , (Elvis Presley) , 35 (John F. Kennedy) , , , (Killing Field) ( 2010). ,

3) .

- 21 -

, ( 2014). (Beech 2000), (Ashworth and Hartmann 2005), (Strange and Kempa 2003; Wilson 2004), (Dann and Seaton 2001) . , (Korstanje and Ivanov 2012: 2014 ), , (Estrada 2010: 2014 ) . . , 5.18 , , DMZ() , 43 4) . , . , , , 5). . . , , . .

3. 1

2011 3 11 . 2012 ,

4) 2003 2 18 , . , , , , .

5) (2011) . , , .

- 22 -

1 , , , , , . 1 . 1 , . . 2013 7 11 1 . ! , , . 1, , , , ( 2015). 728 609 5001 . . , , . . , ( 2015). 1 .

1: 2013 1. . 2. . 3. , . 4. , . => .

2: 2013-2020 1. 2020. 2. 6).

6) . (Urry 1992) , .

- 23 -

3. . 4. J , . => , , .

3: 2020-2036 1. 2036 J. 2. J , . 3. . 4. . => ( 2013).

, . , , , . / , ()/() , , . , . , , . 1 , . . , . ( 2015). . , . , . . (), , , ( 2015) . , .

- 24 -

4. 7)

1986 4 26 ( ) 4 . 4 . (zone) 30 . . 1995 . , 2011 . 2011 2, 1 1 4000 . 20 5 80 . , , , , , . 1 150 , 18 . , , , , . ( ) , . , . 2007 3 200 2006, . 3 , , , . . SF 80 , 600 . , . ,

7) . , .

8) stalker . 30 . . .

- 25 -

. , . . 20 120 , . . 30%, . . , , . . , . . 2008 Tour 2 Kiev . . . . , , . . . , . 1) , 2) , 3) . .

5.

1 . . ,

- 26 -

. 9). , . , , , , . . 10) . , , . , , , 1 11). , . , . . , . 4,656 , , ( 2015 4 1012)). ' ' , . . . 100 ( 2014 7 2313)). , 4.16 3 ' . '' , . ' ' ( 2015 4 1014)). , .

9) http://haeinsammae.blog.me/22032873916610) http://cafe.naver.com/yp8282/2204311) http://cafe.naver.com/bikecity/164296612) , ' '

http://www.hankookilbo.com/swv/ba4401d9f2c445c2941a988412570ae013) ' '

http://www.yonhapnews.co.kr/society/2014/07/23/0701000000AKR20140723079300054.HTML14) ' ' 30

http://www.yonhapnews.co.kr/bulletin/2015/04/10/0200000000AKR20150410182000054.HTML

- 27 -

[ 3] (: 4 10)

. , . . . , . ' 1 ' . , , . , ( 2014 8 2615)). 16). 2~ , . . . 3 4.16 Forever Remembered) . , , , .

15) , ' ' , http://www.ohmynews.com/NWS_Web/View/at_pg.aspx?CNTN_CD=A0002027049

16) (4-5), 18 (-6 28), ( 9 ) 304 , 304 - (-4 24), 1 (-5 10) .

- 28 -

[ 4] ( : )

[ 5] ( ) 3 4.16 Forever Remembered (: )

[ 6] , , (: )

, . , , , , , , . , 10~30 .

- 29 -

, , . , , , . , ? , , , . , , . . . , . , . ( 2012: 2015 ). , , ? , .

6.

. , .

- 30 -

[ 7] ( : 6 2617) )

2014 6 27 7 12 15 16. , , . , , , , , ( 2014 6 2718)). 2014 7 8 8 14 3 , 900km ( 2014 7 1819)). 2015 1 26 2 14, 19 20 - . 25 , , 1 2 , 300(2 9) , . 15 300 ( 2015 1 2620)). 2015 2 23 10 . , 6 ( 2015 2 23

17) http://www.ohmynews.com/nws_web/view/at_pg.aspx?CNTN_CD=A000200640818) ,

http://www.vop.co.kr/A00000767765.html19) ' " "

http://www.viewsnnews.com/article/view.jsp?seq=11250120) " " , 20

http://www.ohmynews.com/NWS_Web/View/at_pg.aspx?CNTN_CD=A0002076105

- 31 -

21)). 2015 4 4 4 5 1 , 12 . , 500 1500 ( 2015 4 522)). . , . , . , , , . . 2010, 23) 16 . 2014 10 3, 29 . 7 VTS 3 ' ', 9 . ' ' , , , 20 ( 2014 10 324)). , . . , ,

21) http://www.yonhapnews.co.kr/bulletin/2015/02/23/0200000000AKR20150223133000054.HTML

22) 12 " " http://www.yonhapnews.co.kr/bulletin/2015/04/05/0200000000AKR20150405046900004.HTML

23) 400 " " , 2011 1 6 85 .

24) ? http://news.khan.co.kr/kh_news/khan_art_view.html?artid=201410032334335&code=940202

- 32 -

. . , .

7.

1 , 2 . 25). 2014 11 13, () ( 9) () 211 , , 1000 , 3000 ( 2014 11 1326)). . 2014 7 24, . ( ) , , , , , ( 2014 7 2427)). . , , . , , . . , ( ) . , , ,

25) 2015 4 22, . 26) http://www.pressian.com/news/article.html?no=12172927) http://www.hani.co.kr/arti/politics/politics_general/648317.html

- 33 -

, . , , . 10 , 1) , 2) , 3) , 4) , 5) , 6) , 7) , 8) , 9) , 10) ( 2014) . . 1 . , , . , , . , , , ( 2015). . . . , . . . . , .

- 34 -

, 2014, - , 14(9): 176-187.

, 2014, 416 , : ., 2014, : , :

., 2010, : ,

34(9): 11-31., 2011, , 25(2):

5-18. , 2015, , 2015

, , : . , 2015, , , : . , 2014, : ,

, : . 2015 9 : 1 ,

: 3.11 , : ., 2012, genron etc. #5., 2013, .

Ashworth, G. and R. Hartmann, 2005, Horror and Human Tragedy Revisited: The Management of Sites of Atrocities for Tourism, New York: Cognizant.

Beech, J., 2000, The Enigma of Holocaust Sites as Tourist AttractionsThe Case of Buchenwald, Managing Leisure 5:2941.

Dann, G. and A. Seaton, 2001, Slavery, Contested Heritage and Thanatourism, Binghampton: Haworth Hospitality Press.

Estrada, Andrea, 2010, The Discourse of Tragedy: What Cromagnon Represents, Buenos Aires: Prometeo.

Foley, Malcolm, and J. John Lennon, 1996, Editorial: Heart of darkness, International Journal of Heritage Studies 2(4): 195-197.

Korstanje, Maximiliano Emanuel, and Stanislav Ivanov, 2012, Tourism as a Form of New Psychological Resilience: The Inception of Dark Tourism CULTUR-Revista de Cultura e Turismo 6(4): 56-71.

Lennon, John, and Malcolm Foley, 2000, Dark Tourism: the Attraction of Death and Disaster, London: Continuum.

- 35 -

Rojek, C., 1993, Ways of Escape: Modern Transformation in Leisure and Travel, Hampshire: Macmillan.

Rojek, C., 1997, Indexing, Dragging and the Social Construction of Tourist Sights, In Rojek, C. and Urry, J.(Eds.), Touring Cultures: Transformations of Travel and Theory 52-74, London, New York: Routledge.

Seaton, Anthony V., 1996, Guided by the Dark: From Thanatopsis to Thanatourism, International Journal of Heritage Studies 2(4): 234-244.

Smith, N. & Croy, G., 2005, Presentation of Dark Tourism: Te Wairoa, the Buried Village, In Ryan, C., Page, S. J., and Aiken, M.(Eds.), Taking Tourism to the Limits: Issues. Concepts and Managerial Perspective, 199-213, Oxford: Elsevier Ltd..

Strange, C., and M. Kempa, 2003, Shades of Dark Tourism: Alcatraz and Robben Island, Annals of Tourism Research 30:386403.

Tarlow. P. E., 2005, Dark Tourism: The Appealing Dark Side of Tourism and More, In Novelli, M.(Ed.), Niche Tourism: Comtemporary Issues, Trends and Cases, 47-58, Oxford: Elsevier Ltd..

- 36 -

- :

,

()

1.

2014 4 16 . 476 300 . . 5 2014 9 . , . . , , . , . 2015 2 . . . . . . . , . , . 1 .

- 37 -

2.

. , 2 2014 6 . . . . . . , . . , . , . . . 20km . 700m . , . , , , . 20 . , . . . , , , , . . , , . , . . . , , , , . , , . , . ? .

- 38 -

. , . 7 , 8 . , . , , . . , , . . . . , . . . , . , . , . , , .

, , , ... , ? ? . ... , .

(2014 5 21, Y )

. . . . . , .

- 39 -

, . Y , .

3.

. . . 4 16 3 . . A . , . A . , . , , . A . , . A . . , , , . . , , . . B . , , . . 4 . . , , , . 9 . 3 .

- 40 -

. . . . 9 5 . C . . . C , . . . . . 10 . 2013 . . 2014 . , , . . , . , , . . , , . . , . . . , . . , . ,

- 41 -

, , . . . . . . . 2014 7 . , . . , . , . . , . , . 2014 11 . . , , . , . . . . 9 26 . . , . , . , . . 2014 4 5 . .

- 42 -

, . , . , . , . , .

4.

. . . . , , , . , . , . , , . . . , . , . . , . ? . 4 16 5 . . , . 363 . 3 . 30 .

- 43 -

. . . , . 4 . , . , , . . 1985 . . , . . . . , . , . , . . , . , , . . . . , . , . , . , . , . , 6 .

- 44 -

. . 2014 4 . , , . . . . 9 , 2014 5 . . 60 , , 60 , 1 , . , . . , . , .

5.

. . . . . . . , . , , . 1 ,

- 45 -

. . . . . . 2014 10 9 12 40 1) . 2015 3 20 23 61 , 8 2). . . . . . , . . . 1 . . . . . , , , ( 2014). . . . 1 , . , . . . 1 . , .

1) , 40 ... , 2014-10-12.2) , ... 8 6 , 2015-03-24.

- 46 -

, 2014, , , , p. 30~137.

- 47 -

- :

, :

(University of Chicago )

1994 2 . 1 1995 , 101 . . . . 6, . , . 10 . , 20 . , , . 2003 2. , . , . , .

90 2000 , . . , , , . , , , . ,

- 48 -

. , . . , , . , , , . , / . : , . , . , .

: , ,

, ? , . , . , . 2014 4 16 1) .

1) . , . , , , , .

- 49 -

, MBC .2) , . : MBC CNN , . MBC , . , 4.16 . : , .3) . 4) . , . , ( ) ( ) (6.25 ) . , , , .

" , . 4.16 7 11

2) MBC , 2014-04-17.3) , ?, 2014-07-15.4) ?, 2014-07-18.

- 50 -

, . , , . , 5). , 6). , , . . , , . , . KBS 7), 8). ( ) , .

. , , 9), 10) . . , .11)

5) , ? , 2014-7-26.6) [ ] ?, JTBC 2014-07-23.7) KBS ", ..., 2014-05-04.8) , , 2014-07-11.9) , 2014-04-17.10) , , 2014-05-27.

- 51 -

. 50 6 4 12), .13) , . 7 30 , .14) . . , .15) , ( ) , , . . , , , , , , . 205 ,16) . , , , . , . 5 9, .

11) , 2014-08-13.12) vs , 2014-06-01.13) 10 , 2014-05-11.14) 730 , , 2014-08-01.15) , " ", 2014-11-13.16) [] 3, 205 , 2014-11-07.

- 52 -

, .17) , . . , ,18) . , .19) , , .20)

. , .21) ,22) .23) , , , , .

() : ,

, . , , , . , , 46 , ,

17) , 2014-05-09.18) " , 1 2014-05-09.19) ?, 2014-07-18.20) , " , 2014-08-21.21) , 2015-01-16.22) [] , 2015-04-06.23) 3 , CBC 2015-04-07.

- 53 -

. , . , . : , , . . , , . , . , . , , . , , . , (commensurable) . ? , (Chakrabarty 2001; Tsing 2012). . , . (developmentalism) . , . , . , , . , . , , , , , , , , , . : , . , , , ,

- 54 -

.24) : , . , , , . , . , , , , .

Chakrabarty, Dipesh, 2001, Provincializing Europe. Princeton University Press; Espeland, Wendy Nelson, and Mitchell Stevens. 1998. Commensuration as a Social Process. Annual Review of Sociology 24 (July): 31343.

Tsing, A L., 2012, ON NONSCALABILITY: the Living World Is Not Amenable to Precision-Nested Scales Common Knowledge 18(3): 50524. doi:10.1215/0961754X

-1630424.

25)

1. . , , .

24) , . .

25) . , . e- , . ( )

- 55 -

, ?. ? , ... . MBC CNN ? .

2. // / / . () , .

(University of Chicago )

: , . , , , . , , , . , . . .

- 56 -

. , // . , . , . , : , . . , , . , , , . , , , , . , . , , , . , , . . , . , , , .

- 57 -

- :

1)

: 2015 5 4 : ( )

( )( )

: ( ): ( )

() : ( )( )( )( )( )( )( )

1.

: , , , . , , . .

1) 2015 5 4, Anthro : . 3 . . , . ( )

- 58 -

, . , , , . . , . ? .

, . , . . , . 60 . . , , . . . . . , .

. . , . , . , ? . 2014 6 28 . . . .

. , . , 2014 ? 2014

- 59 -

. . . .

, . , , . . .

, ? , . . . , , .

. , , ? . , . , , , . , .

, 4 . , , , . 4 . .

- 60 -

. . , , Situational analysis Social drama . , . .

: , . .

: , . , , . .

: Social drama critical event , . , . critical event , , . critical event, ? , . , Social drama , , . . , . . , . . , .

- 61 -

2.

: . .

: . . . , . , , . . , . , . , , , . , . ( ) . , . 625 . . . . . , .

: . ? ,

- 62 -

. . . ?

: . , . , . , , . . . , . . .

: . , , , . .

: , . , ? . . . , . , , . , . , . , , .

- 63 -

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: . , . , , , , . , . 7 ? . , , . .

- 64 -

, , , . , , , . . , . 43 625, , . . , . . , . , . .

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- 65 -

. . , TV . . , . , .

: . , . . . , social drama . . . . , , . . , . . , . .. , . . , , . , . , . .

: , . . , .

- 66 -

. , , . , . . . . . . , . , . , , . , , . , . , , , . . . , . zone . .

: . . , ? . , , . . , .

: . , SNS . , ,

- 67 -

. , . , .

: , . . . , . . , , black spot , .

: , 1 . , , . , .

: , . . .

: . . . ?

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- 68 -

: . . . , , . . , . . , . . , . , . .

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- 69 -

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: , . , , , . . , .

- 70 -

:

()

1.

(verbal art) (speech event) . (text-centered) , . (action-centered) (performance-centered) (Bauman 1975). , () . (reflexive) . (multimodality) . .1)

. ()

1) . (textualization) (recontextualization) (Bauman and Briggs 1990, Briggs and Bauman 1992 ).

- 71 -

. () , , , ( 2006: 14). . . (Kapchan 1996: 3 ). . Kapchan (Kapchan 1994, 1995, 1996). Kapchan (Kapchan 1995). . (Hymes) (The Ethnography of Communication) (verbal art) ( 2010: 141). . , , ( 2010: 142) . . . , . (, ) , , . . .

2. :

. 4, 9 , 5 ( 2008:

- 72 -

[ 30] ( 2008: 43 )

2). 5 4 9 . 3,300 941 , , , , , , , , , , , , 13 ( 2008: 43). 1960 . , . , ( 2008: 90). ( 2008), . . 2) .

. . 700-800 .

2) 2 , ( 2008: 89). (ibid.: 46).

- 73 -

. , . , . . . . . , () . . . . 3-5 . . , , , . . . , 20 30 . .3)

. , , . .

3) , . ( ) 30

- 74 -

. . . , . . . . . .4)

, , . ? ? ( 2011: 211 ).

3. :

. 18 . . ' ' .5), ( 2006: 227). ( 2006: 193-194) . () . , ( 2006: 195-196) . '(patent medicine)'. '' ( 1927. 10. 9. 3, 2006: 196 ).

4) (2008: 84) . (2008: 81) .

5) ()(1913 102) ( 2002: 347 ).

- 75 -

'' . '' 1910 ( 2006: 201). . '' . '' '' ( 2011: 226).6)

. , .7) ''( 2011: 230). () . ( 2003: 299) . , . . .8)

. . () . .

6) . , . 2003 .

7) 1923 : 1922 350, 150, 2,543. 403,400 , 396,700 , 700 800,800 ( 1923. 3. 21. , 2006: 205-206 ).

8) , ( 2012.1.17)

- 76 -

4.

2013 4 24 . 30 . . , . 4 . .

1:

. 5 6 . . , 2 . , , . . . . . .

(1)- (1 . 1 .)9)

9) (pause) .

- 77 -

1 ?? 2 3 ( ) 4 5 6 - - (1 . 1 ) 7 8 9 ( ) 10 11 ( ) 12 13 14 15 - - ( ) 16 17 18 19 ( 2 ) 20 21 22 23 ( ) 24 25 (.) 26 27 - - ( 2 ) 28 29 30 (.)

- 78 -

( ) 31 ( ) 32 33 34 (.) (1 ) 35 (.) 36 37 38 39 ( ) 40 41 42 (.) 43: (.) 44 ( 1, ) 45 46 ( ) 47 (.) 48 ( ) 49 50 [] 51 52 53

. . 1 () . 1 ?? () . . .

- 79 -

(4-6). . 10) . . (code-switching) . Sherzer , (sociolinguistic repertoire) (Sherzer 2002: 90-91). 4 , 13 , 15 , 23 , 25 26 , 48 , 53 . - -, -, - , (disourse marker) . -( 2005 ) . 19 31 () 47 () . ( ) . . (22) (48 ) . (27). , , () . (Figure) (9-10 , 20 )(Goffman 1981). (1)-

10) .

- 80 -

[ 1]

. (29), (30) (31-32) (33). (36), (39) . .

(interactive frame) . (receiver) (performance frame) (Hanks 1990). . (41) , . .

(1)- 1 ( - , .) 2

- 81 -

( : ) ( ) 3 ( ) ( . .) 4 ( ) 5 6 - - ( , ) 7 (.) (.) 8 (.) 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

. (1)- . . , . . (2 ) (: ) . . .11)

11) ( )

- 82 -

(6), (10) , (14) . , , . , . .

:

(4).

(2)- - - 1 2 3 : 4 ( ) 5 6 ( . . . .) - - 7 8 9 10 (.) 11 12) 12 13 (.) [] [ ] 14 ( ) ( ) 15 (.) /

.12) .

- 83 -

16 / 17 (.) / ( ) ( ) ( : )

(1 ). . . (4 ) . (6, 17) . , , . 10 . (action) (performativity) (13). ( ) . (2)- .

(2)- - - 1 2 [] 3 4 5 [][](.) 6 7 ( ) ( ) 8 9 [] [] [] [()]

- 84 -

10 11 [)] [] 12 13 ( )

(1) (2-3) . , (5-6) . (4-6). () () . . , , (11-12). . . () () (8-10). [] [] [] [](9) . 9 () () () (), () () . , () . 9 () () () () . .

(2)- - - 1 :

- 85 -

( ) 2 3 ( ) 4 5 6 ( ) 7 8 13)

9 ( ) 10 []14) ? []15) []16) []17) 11 12[]18) 13 14 15 ( ) 16 [] ( ) 17 [] 18 19 20 []19) ( ) : 21 [] ( ) 22 (.) 23

13) 361( 2005 ).14) () : ()

() () (ibid.: 157)15) (): , () (ibid.).16) (): .

(ibid.: 120).17) (): 5 (ibid.). 18) (): ,

2 (ibid.). 19) (): () . 3

(ibid.: 135).

- 86 -

('' ) 24 ( ) 25 ( . .) 26 27 28 ( ) 29 ( ) 30 31 32

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. . (4) (5) . (6) .21)

(3, 19) (25) (31). , . (28)

20) , .

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- 87 -

. .

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- 88 -

(8) .22) -' (10)'- - (9) - (9-10). (11) (12 ). , . (2)- (2)- . (2)- . () () , . ( 2005: 16) . . . ( 2007: 76).23) . . (2)- . , . . .24)

(2)- - - ( . )

22) / (unintelligibility) .

23) () ( 2007: 89).

24) - - . . 3 . , (& 1994: 348).

- 89 -

1 (.) 2 (.) 3 4 - - ( ) 5 ( ) 6 7 ( ) 8 (.) 9 ( ) 10

. . (2)- .25) (1-2) . (8-10). (8 ) . .

(2)- - - 1 (.) 2 3 ( ) 4 ( )

25) . , . , ( 2005: 435- 437).

- 90 -

5 ( ) 6 ( ) 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 ( ) 15 ( ) 16 17 ( . .) 18 ??? 19 20 21 22 (.) ( ) 23 24 ?? 25 26: 27 28: 29

(1-2). ' ' . (5-6) . (improvisation) '

- 91 -

(7-8)' .26)

(repetition and parallelism) (7-8). (Sherzer 2002: 106) (Sherzer 2002: 108). . 9-13. .

9 10 11 12 13

13 ' ' '--' . ' / / / /' '--' '-' . . (14). . ' ()' . ' (18)', ' (19)' (22-23) (24) . (25 ' ', 27 '') . (29) , , .

3) :

26) Sawyer(2000) .

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. () . .

(3)- 1 [] ( ) 2 3 () 4 5 [] 6 7 ( . . SBS ) 8 [] ( . .) 9 (.) 10 ? ?? ( . .) 11 12 13 14 ( . .) 15 16[] ( ) 17 18 19 20 21 ( ) ( ) - - 22

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. '(3)' ' (1)' . (3-4 ' '). ' (5)' . .27) TV, , .28)

. . (21) . . ( ) , '(21)'. (22-24). ' (23)' . '' 2 . . . ' (21)', '(24)' ' (25-26)'

27) .

28) .

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()

(2009:8) 3 . (cultural cognition) (ethnolinguistics) (ethnoscience) , (social organization) (socialinguistics) (Dell Hymes) (ethnography of communication) , (verbal art), (folklore) . , (Bauman), (Goffman) . , . 50~60 , . . . . , . 3 . . . , 3 .

(1) (2) (3)

(1) , (code-switching) , (Goffman) , (interactive frame) . .

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. (2010) (2012) , . . (2) (performance), , . . . . (3) . . 1) . 2) . 3) - . 4) , , & . 1 .

, 2009, : .

()

:

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(thing) (commodification of language) (Heller 2010) . , . (chronotope) (Bakhtin 1981: 84; Silverstein 2005: 6 ) . ? ? . (?) , , ? 1 (entextualization) . . . . . , .

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()

, . (genre) . ! ! . , ( !). . . , , ( ) , . . , . ( ) , (( ) .). . , . . ,

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. . , , . 30) . , , , . . , . . . .

30) , . () .

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1)

()

1. : -

(Hart 1973) . 2). . 3 . 7 . , , , , , , (Bromley 1978: 1033) . . . . , .

1) 2014 , .

2) . / . . , , , 1, 2 . , , , . , , , .

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(extra-legal) . . -, -, -, - (Sindzingre 2006: 60). 3 , . (dualism) . . , . . , . , (Tripp 1986: 55). . , . . . , . , , (Bromley 1978: 1034) . , , , . (de Soto 2003[2000]), , . , . . , . , , , . , . , - - , (Bromley 2004: 277).

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. , (Castells and Portes 1989: 13). . (Guha-Khasinobis et al. 2006). . , , , . . (Bromley 2004: 278-279) 3 . , , . . , . . , . , . . . . . (Alsayyad 2004: 12). , . (Portes and Castells 1989: 27). . (Tripp 1986) , . .

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. , . , -(informality) ( 2011: 118). (informal sector), (informal economy) . . , .

2.

, , 1 3 . . , . . .

1) (Squatters)

. . . , , .

- 109 -

. , . . . . . . (Soliman 2004) . , . . . , . , . , . , . , . . . . (Bunnell and Nah 2004) (Orang Asli) , , . , . . . ,

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. .

2) (hawkers), (market-place)

. . (, , ) . . . . , . . . . , . (Seligman 1989) (chola) . (Seligman 1989: 706). , . . , , . . , . , . , . . . , , , , .

- 111 -

(Smith and Low 2006: 4) . (Bromley and Mckie 2009, Hsu 2010, Stoller 1996). , , . . . . , , . . . . . .

3.

1)

. . (Scott 2010[1999]) , . . . . , , . .

- 112 -

. , . , , . , . , . , , , , , . . , , , , , (Davis 2013[2006]: 33) . 3 . , , . , (Hernandez and Kellett 2010: 2). , . . , . . (Hernandez and Kellett 2010: 5). (misuse) . (Spencer 2010: 57). . . , . .

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. , . (market-place) . . (Spencer 2010: 64-65).3)

. . . , . (Hsu 2010). , . . , (Hsu 2010: 298). . , . . . (de Certeau 1984) . . , .

2) ():

21 (Roy 2009: 826) . (a 'mode' of the production of space) . .

3) . .

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(frontier) (Roy 2007: 149). . , . , , . . . (, ) (Bromley 1978: 1035). , , , , . . , . , . , . , . 3 . (Davis 2006: 95) . , (Soliman 2004: 183) . . . . . , . . ,

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(extra-legal) , (semi-formal) (illicit), (criminal) . . (Soliman 2004). . (kampung) , . , (Bunnell and Nah 2004). , . (Soliman 2004) . . . , . . . , . . , . . . . . . , . , (Bromley and Mckie 2009: 1501).

- 116 -

. , . .

4. :

. 3 . 3 . 3 , . , . 3 . , , , (Brillembourg and Klumpner 2010: 125). . . , , , (floating) (Venkatesh 2013). , , . . (Agamben 2009[2003]) , . , . , , . . . .

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. , . , . , . . , . . , . ( 2012: 304) . () . . (Roy 2004: 304) . 3 , 3 . (Davis 2013[2006]) NGO , (self-help) . (, 100). . , . . , (disagreement)(Lima and Pallamin 2010: 43) . . (, ) , , ,

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, , ( 2010: 21-40). . , . , . , . -- , (Agamben 2009: 79). -- . -- . , , , . , .

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()

(?) , () , () . . . 8 . - , , (semi-formal) ( ) 3 . - . - . - . , . - . 3 . , . - , , . . . . . . . , . -

- 122 -

. ( ) . . . . , . . . 2009 4) , . . . , -- ? ? .

()

. , . , . .

4) 2009 , 1, 5 24 .

- 123 -

. , . . (Roy) , . , . . , . , . , (gentrification) . , . . , . . , . , . . . , . .

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, . , . , . , , . . . (biopolitics) . , . , . .

()

, . . , . , , . 10 , , , (

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, , ) . , , . , , . . , . , . , . . , . , . , . ( ) . , , . , . , . . .

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, . , , . . . .

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-, 2015, , , : , 48(1): 39-87.

, , : (1)

()

1) . (40) , (40) . , . , 2) . , . . , . ,

1) (ethnicity) (39-40). , 19 .

2) (Gellner 1983) , Smith(1986) . , . 19 ( ) (42).

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, (75) .3) , (72). . , , . (41) . . , , . , , . , . , , , .4)

(75) , . , . 1991 : , , , . , , . , (Tswana) , .5)

3) (74).

4) , , (74) . , , ( ) .

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, , : (2)

()

1. :

( ) . , . ,6) 7). , . ?

, ( ) . , ? . , 15-16 (clove), (nutmeg) 160 . 600 . , . , . .

6) . 1883 . . , .(76)

7) .... .(78-79)

- 131 -

. . , , / ( ) .

2.

-/- . , ( ) , . , . .

, . ( ) . , , , , , . . - - . ( ) . , .8) . .

8) . , .(75)

- 132 -

3.

. .

1) :

19 . , . . , , (46 ), , (50). , , . , . , .(48) vs. , , , , , .

2)

. , 18-19 , 15 (58). 18 . , , (60). . . () . , (60).

- 133 -

, ( 1998)(62). 1920 1960 . .

3)

. . 1912 , , , . . 1930 . 20 1940 . . 1912 , , , , . (72). , 70 , 50 , 27 . (73). , .

4. :

3 , . / , --- , - () .

. , .

- 134 -

. , (40-41). ...()... (41) . (?) , .

, . , ? 3 . . , , .(40) . , ? ? , ? / . , . . . , . (fetish) . ? , , () . ?

, . - , - - . . .

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. (74). .(74-75) , . () . () . , , , . ? , - . vs. ( (embededness) vs. ). / ( ) .

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()

. , . . , . ( A) ( B) . . , . . . , . . , , , , , . , . 1.

. .

A , , . . A , , . , .

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( ) . , , . , . () , . . (2009: 224) . () 15~16 (nationalization) (territorial state) . , , ( 2009). . , 15 . . (territorial state) , ( ) . ( ) . , A .

2.

? A .

. - , - - . . .

- 138 -

A . . - . . - . 20 . () A . () , , . , . . , 3 , , .

3. :

. , ? ? / . , . .

. , . , practice . . . ( , ), . , . , . 3

- 139 -

. A / , , , . ( ) , . ( ) . . . , ? , ? . , . , . , . . , , . ( ) , .

4. ,

B . , . . 1 B . . , . . 1 . .

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-, 2011, : , .

:

()

. , . , . 1980 . (disenchantment) , . , . . 1900 , , . , () (FRP: Fiber glass Reinforced Plastic) , . . .

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, , . , . , , . () () . . , . . , , . 1 7 , . , . , . . 5 , . , . . , '' . . , . , ,

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. , . , . , . . . , . , . , . , , . , , ' ' . .

- 143 -

()

1.

, . . . , , , . . . . . . . . , . (, ) .

2.

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. . . . . 1900 20 3 . 10 , 4 () . , . , . , . . . . . , . ( 2011: 59), . . ( 2011: 61). . , . , . . . , . , ( 2005) .

3.

, .

- 145 -

. 20 2 . , , . 3-6 . , . . . . . . . (Chayanov 1966) . , . . . . , . . . . . . . , . .

4.

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. , . , . . . . . . , .

, 2005, : , 8(2): 259-297.

, 2011, : , .

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(,)

2009 6. , , . , . . 10 , . . , , , . . , , . , . . , , (), , . ( ) ( ) . . . . . . . , . , . . , , .

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. , . , . , . , . , 1 7, . , . . . , . , , . . , . , . 50 . , (2), . . () , .

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-, 1999, : , .

5

()

1980 5 , 5 5 . 5 5 , 5 . , ( ) . 5 5 , , 1980-1995 . 5 1998 4-6 2 . , , , . , , 5 . 1980 1995 5 , , . , . . , . 80 5 5

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, 5.18 . , 80 5 , (5) . , 80 5 . 80 3 (Scott 1990) (disguise) (Scott 1990:19) (37). 87 6 6.29. 80 (52) (50) . (53) . , , 5 , , . 87 , 5.18 . 5.18 , 5 . , 5 , , 5.18 , (77). 5.18 (author) . 5 , (105). (79) , . 5 , 5 . , 5 . 87 80 , 5 . 5.18

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, (80) , (80). , (82). . 90 5 87 6 , 5 . 5 , . , 80 , , (124) . 70 , , , (123), , , (123) . 80 80 5 . , , 90 . 80 , 5 1991 , . 90 . , 80 5 . (111). , , 80 5 . 80 5 , . 5 80 . .

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, (106), (107). . , , , . , 80 , . , , .

, :(1999)

()

( ) , 518 5 . 1980 5 , 518 5

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, , . . 90 518 , , 518 . 5 , 5 , . 5 , 518 ( ) 5 . 5 . , , . 518 , () , 90 ( ) , . 5 , ( ) . , 518 . .

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(,

Cornell University )

. 15 . . 20 40 ( 20 , ) . . . . . (Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak) . ( ) . . . . . ,

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( ). , , . , . , . 5.18 , 1990 . 5.18 5.18 . 5.18 . . , . () . , , . , . , 518 , . . 5.18 5.18 . 5.18 ...... , , . , . .

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Jean Comaroff(1985) Body of power, Spirit of Resistance:

The Culture and History of a South African People

()

(Zionism) ? . . () . , . Body of power, Spirit of Resistance: The Culture and History of a South African People (Comaroff 1985) . ? . Tshidi . Tshidi , . 19 (Methodist) Tshidi . , (Comaroff 1985: 118). , (alienation) . . , (resistance) .

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. (Practice) . , . (Comaroff 1985: 173). (symbol) , . , (ritual practice) (body) (liminality) . (counter-) (Comaroff 1985: 231). , (testimony, go bolela), (collective consciousness) (Comaroff 1985: 232). (affliction) . (distress) , (Comaroff 1985: 256) Tshidi . (resistance) . Tshidi ? ? . , . . . (power) , . (Scott 1990) (everyday forms of resistance) / . (1990) , (hidden transcript)

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. (Fegan 1986) (Ortner 2006). (Spivak 1988) - (subaltern) , . Tshidi . . . . . Tshidi . , . . . , . . . . . , . . . , . Tshidi . (dynamic) , .

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(, )

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,

, . , , , .

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( 2005). . (Edward Wilson) , (Consilience) (Wilson 1999). 19 (William Whewell) . , (Whewell 2014). , . , . . , . . (Anna Freud) (Melanie Klien) , ( , ). (Independent group) ( 2004). , (Julian Huxley) (Modern synthesis) ( ) (Evolutionary Biology) (Molecular Genetics) . (Ethology) (Comparative Psyc