Upload
spfitz11
View
223
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
7/29/2019 ap gov 19 ppt
1/16
Chapter Nineteen
Social Welfare
7/29/2019 ap gov 19 ppt
2/16
Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 19 | 2
Types of Programs
Benefit most citizens, no means test (e.g.,
Social Security and Medicare)
Benefit a few citizens, means tested (e.g.Medicaid and Food Stamps)
7/29/2019 ap gov 19 ppt
3/16
Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 19 | 3
Popular Support
Majoritarian benefit programs are
sacrosanct
The appeal of client-based, means-testedprograms changes with popular opinion
7/29/2019 ap gov 19 ppt
4/16
Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 19 | 4
Social Welfare in the United States
The appeal of client-based, means-testedprograms changes with popular opinion
America has been slower than othernations to embrace the welfare state
State and private enterprise play a largerole in administering welfare programs
Non-governmental organizations play alarge role
7/29/2019 ap gov 19 ppt
5/16
Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 19 | 5
Who Benefits?
The public insists that it be only those whocannot help themselves
There is a slow, steady change in popularviews, distinguishing between thedeserving and the undeserving
The American public prefers to give
services, not money, to help the deservingpoor
7/29/2019 ap gov 19 ppt
6/16
Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 19 | 6
Non-Governmental Organizations
Contracts and grants are awarded to national
non-profit organizations, such as Big Brothers Big
Sisters, Jewish Federations, and Catholic
Charities
Charitable Choice: provision that allowed
religious non-profit organizations to compete for
grants to administer welfare-to-work and relatedpolicies
Faith-based organizations playing prominent
roles in urban welfare-to-work programs
7/29/2019 ap gov 19 ppt
7/16Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 19 | 7
Social Security Act of 1935
Insurance for the unemployed and
elderlyworkers contribute and benefit
Everybody is eligible for insuranceprograms
Assistance for dependent children, the
blind, and the elderly Assistance programs are means tested
7/29/2019 ap gov 19 ppt
8/16Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 19 | 8
Medicare Act of 1965
Medical benefits were omitted in 1935 in
order to ensure passage of the Social
Security Act Covers medical care for the poor and pays
doctors bills for the elderly
7/29/2019 ap gov 19 ppt
9/16Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 19 | 9
Reforming Welfare Programs
Problem: there will soon be insufficient
people paying Social Security taxes to
provide benefits for every retired person Most solutions are opposed by the public
Health care issues will remain on the
political agenda
7/29/2019 ap gov 19 ppt
10/16Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 19 | 10
Table 19.2: Health Care Spending in the
United States and Abroad, 2001
7/29/2019 ap gov 19 ppt
11/16Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 19 | 11
Possible Solutions for Social Security
Raising the retirement age to 70, freezing
retirement benefits, and raising Social
Security taxes Privatizing Social Security
Combine the first two reforms, and allow
citizens to invest a portion of their SocialSecurity taxes into mutual funds
7/29/2019 ap gov 19 ppt
12/16Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 19 | 12
Table 19.1: Public Views on Reforming Social
Security
7/29/2019 ap gov 19 ppt
13/16Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 19 | 13
Temporary Assistance for Needy Families
(TANF)
Block grant program
Had strict federal requirements about work,
limited how long families can receivefederally funded benefits
By 2003, welfare caseloads had declined
nationally by 60%
7/29/2019 ap gov 19 ppt
14/16Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 19 | 14
Figure 19.1: SSI, TANF, and Food Stamp
Recipients, 1980-2002
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States, 2003, 371, 374.
7/29/2019 ap gov 19 ppt
15/16Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 19 | 15
Majoritarian Politics
Costs and benefits are widely distributed
Examples: Social Security Act, Medicare Act
Question of legitimacy: conservativesargued that nothing in the Constitution
authorized the federal government to spend
money this way
7/29/2019 ap gov 19 ppt
16/16Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company All rights reserved 19 | 16
Client Politics
Family assistance politics are less about
cost than about the legitimacy of
beneficiaries Example: TANF program
Beneficiaries changed: 1996-2003, able-
bodied adults had a harder time getting
benefits, but child-care spending in most
states rose by 50% or more