arabic_grammar قواعد اللغة العربية

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    JBKy{A AY m`K VaI S}aJBKy{A AY m`K VaI S}a

    ZBOK Zo hAZoZBOK Zo hAZo

    {{A }RZ u{}{A MZ wsA} {k -BI{{A }RZ u{}{A MZ wsA} {k -BI

    AZU {{A ~A`OAZU {{A ~A`O

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    (*)BA fm

    uA BA fC I f I fm

    _ B_U f__A rfI f .QB ,1909 AA _ (1327) B fj_zY ,_MfI piAf_ |_I _M ,A __N Dr ,re XlM jrA_) B_A LeA _mif K_nNA ,Aj__A oB eejM ,BB PBY_Q ,m jr fb ,NA m ,BI Xj ,rfI (LAeA f_ ,j_aC __m jr LAeA BA fBI oifN LfNA_IjA _A _n _mBi i_hA __A eB g a M ,BMBI pie fB_NA _ _YC B__ .eAfI jBA Az KbNA .B

    _BA _ B_J _re G eB_ __Q ,eiA enA BJ BJ PBBU_l j_ ,j_J j__q BA hMBmC I jNqA .j jaE NY IBNA_A BN_mA oB__I eAfNA ,A CjA ,LA Mfq__hA LA A jQC B ,BVA kBVN fY G YAjvA BAO BIJ BIB B ,Bj im PBBQ oifNA AnM Uja

    :MB .j N KYBu ,fYA

    \B_A ~B_i f_ gBNmA BIC iAl iNf (A BG) LBN BNn A hJA h (*)

    gBN_mC _IjA A_ B_Y B_A f_m) LB_N G _UjA _ __A PBA fl

    .iBJA kB iNfA DM (BMhMBmC

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    jBmA B _

    lY IA f A PAj _

    BfAq IjA A fA lUA _

    jBA BrA IjA A jyBY _

    mA BA LjA AmC _ ZA uC _

    CjA mA _

    ZA ciBM _

    lY IA f A PAj _

    IBZvA I yBA Bmi lY IA _

    mBnA rB _

    IjA A fA PAjh _

    :BY NA JN

    ((ril)) IBZvA rB NifNmA B eAj IBUA _

    ((ril)) IBZvA I yBA _

    ((Bj)) LAjA fU LAjA _

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    ((iBJ)) eA _

    ((b)) BiAe ciBM _

    ,B A yi rB jNI BfYC ,ElU Jh)) JA C jm _ ((lY IA jNI jaA

    ((lY I)) BnZNmA CjA pBA BIG _ ((iB )) LAjA r PBIC `jq `BvA _

    ((k I)) JnA PAAjA VA _

    ((Br I)) KJA LBN UAi ,fVA C jjM

    BI e jA e 1997 AA jV1417 B M

    .BM A i

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    - 7 -

    NRI{A XZa}

    yAZvA

    f A11

    BI XBVNYA fA fArA :miAfA f I -14

    BA SYBJ19

    jvNA fBA 19

    KVNA 21

    hA `fA BC

    26

    NA \ZvA 30

    BA flA ejVA 34

    A uA l 42

    PBVA BNmA 44

    fA j fA A 47

    VA A A A 52

    kA fNA 56

    wBA BNA 62

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    yAZvA

    BA BJA LAjA 69

    yA iBzA Kv 71

    yA iBzA lU 81

    BmA SYBJ92

    jzA :jA jA92

    A 99

    iBqA mA 103

    uA mA 104

    _A _I jA 107

    j G BzA 109

    AfBI jA

    109BmA flA ejVA 110

    efA xA ivA 116

    SA jhA 119

    BBYC A 126

    BYC jvNA 138

    BBYC JnA

    141

    JA BmA 149

    A j mA A mA 155

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    - 9 -

    yAZvA

    ifvA mA ifvA 163

    B PBNrA 172

    A mA 177

    BA mBI JrA vA 179

    zNA mA

    181A BlA BA BmC 183

    BmA jA 185

    BA 185

    BA KB 193

    jJA CfNJA 197

    BMAaC (G) jJa

    208

    A A :BmA LvA 224

    I A 231

    U A 243

    A 245

    A 247

    BA

    253

    lNA 264

    RNnA 271

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    - 10 -

    yAZvA

    eBA 279

    mA jU yA 287

    jBI jA 287

    ByBI jA 299

    IANA

    306fNA -1306

    OA -2309

    A -3315

    fJA -4322

    BJA -5325

    jN T 329

    BA BmC 329

    PAuA BmC 336

    BA jY 338

    A LAjG 348

    A LAjG JM Ba 355

    A ,AfIA ,A

    359lA IBN367

    jNA A IBN370

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    m

    __IjA A BJM WBA jqC BNz m jr G_ZA o_ifNI B_ B_ _ _re _BU B_mj __qC O gG_BU _BJA _BA MeB_ A MB_ o_ifN O_IfNA __Q ,jvAPBBA eBA h WB BvMA g a O ,IjA PjI

    :jDI B U g G ..Bja Nn AjA jvA

    _rB e PB__BA fAA ~j jvA Ah J f -1BY B zM ,fAA M `i fArA ,fAq G fNnM BB_ jR__C fAq BQ M C PBBA eBA h ;BuC N

    .fA BQ f_C B_lA Ah_ j__ OC NA fA ieBvA y \V -2 ,(K__hA ihq `jq) ,BA v JNn B C LAOB_ gG ,B_ _aM B__ OB BBRC (A IA `jq).__nA PB J A KB B XifN B nm PBY fYG B_a __RfY KN IjA fAA eB BRA KBA pif A BC_ i_N _RfY KB_mC ,_fA _nnN B__ nnM B Aj

    .J pBA Bf

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    B_j C O_A |__I KNA h BnifM fI BijyA hB__MeB _b C ,_A _ A _BA _nA B_I f_C __A eB_ KB__A KNn S n m SfY LmC BjeB_A _z _ _A iB_J _ BN_qBI __r B C fI BhN,_A N_nA C A _nA eB_A h_ _ AgG _NY ;B_nfNqA f IAjA RBRA NnA BfA KN Bq B f I By

    .BMBN jRDI BYC ,e

    * * *_BU B_jQC Pf_ _a B_J __I mC C OB_zI _ _C ,L__A I I jq XBA T UC :reeA_ _I _m N__n XBA I jz iBN n

    __IjA pif__A B___U) (uB_ _ _IjA _A f_A) :IB_N iB_ hI JnN ,IBNA On fArBI B (AN_n _BRA _a B__ SZJ mBmA zjA A I lNA_Yj G B_ \ZvB_I _BA jaD_M __jz PBjM uBM jR_C Pif_ B_ _NaA _ _N _AI O__U ;eBPAjyBZA izY Nn JnN BG BG BJ LAxbN_mA _N ieB__v SZJA ihN ,Nq AfI jN

    Aj_C __ LBN J U B mjA A vM B fIk. YffA_rBI O_ f_I j_ _a __ LBNA eA vM OjU__ ___M ,_nA j_v Lj_A _ _ _ _I B_NNA

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    i_v fArA h ,NC AYC AieG B BmM (1)piAfA__fA h_I f_ Aj_vM ,j_vM f_uC B_IBZuC PB_N A_YC_ e_C OJN_mA _N _ ,B_n ciB__NA KN NY BvApiAf_A O__JU .A PNA ZA fAA jR PBA

    .BZNA NZu ONJQ B AiBN ,zA KAhA YUjA AAiB_A PB__BA WB I A h jaA BNJ OCi Q

    _ _R B_JA XB_A B_ w_ _ __vB SYBJ ByG IjA_Uj _NA f_I _ ,__IjA PBBA I WB BAj ,BMijyAg B_q _ f_ _ (B_G Bju B) IjA fAA BN

    .BI__A h fm B B C ,fU fC B C A DmC

    .A BJnY BNf jrN C ,jA

    _1390 f___A g61971 BRA B 2

    Bps A Xla

    _JM _N B_I XB_VNYA _Uie fA_rA __rB IAy A h fI piAfA fVm (1).ejM N BYA B JM

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    mAifA f I

    BI QBOKR A XkAv XAc{A |R

    C

    _hA Lj_A __ B JNn A G fAA On -1.m fnM

    :I XBVNYA Zu SY IjA A C -2B Q .I WNZA LjA G fnA ZZvA MAAj jA EjALj_A jR_ _Q .IBZvA AjA fYC C nr mjA C \u_ ,j_A B_I B__ C G BA jrI BNBU Bjq

    .(1)NaA N r hA mA geB___rNmA \_v _h Af_Y j_V _BRA _A _vN A_U -3

    _ j_aE (__150) _m _NA j I AjIH ;jzA jrIWN hA QfZA AjrA C ejI I iBrI ,jrI eBrNmA \vZ jaDNA jrI M Ah .BfA A jrI

    .XBVNY RNA pBNm AjrA_NY B_ _A Lj_A _I eB_rNmA f_NA f_ __eBJA BC

    .jV IAjA A vN

    J:BA I WN -4

    ,pj_A _NB jR__ BU C eBJA fk I f jrI eBrNmA BA |I mC (1).h n rA jrI WN zI G I

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    ,f___YA _ _ (C) (_) B_NUA k_ _C B_ZA |_I _k:BA I h AVNYA

    ___NIjI j__M C B__ PeiC____I Af___JI B___q B___jNN(G) jJa afM B () jJa afM fNA C jaE k

    :BA I l frNmAf___ B____JY __ __

    ,B_A _ A fB_rB ,fB__ J Bm A .Bm B I B .B C j BRA fBrA

    __ BRA ,lM fB f BAfYG BNAi B WN -5B_NYA _G j_M __N fA ,BRA B jBrA C BNY ,BI B

    :fNmA I m

    jB_ _I j__hN frNmA ,SM jhM (~iA) C zI eA:NAjA fYG BA U IB____e O_____e ___l ___B________BIG _______ IC ~iC

    BBIG OIC ~iC :BRA AjAC jRA ,I WN fBrA Ah j (~iA) jhN H

    .B VA irA A (OIC) B jBrA

    jZNA y ,BBYC j BZA KN fArA ejM -6:f fB B B fBrA ijY :lM fB eBrNmA y

    __hI B___A _ (C) (_) B_NUA _ fB_rA C O_j:I WN ihA I WNYA zI ,fBA OJY

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    BB OZJuC pBA C OBB__f j___M C B_ B_n: ZZvA AjA AfA G BUjI

    ..............................(1)Bf jM Ah Bn ..

    _Zu AgG ,n eBrNmA y j BI AVNYA NA AjBnA B Jy QNA fBrA jj KUAB ,lA fB

    . BJA J,Aj_q B_ G __JYBu Ae fBrA G UjA AfU f B -7Aj_R ,f__I B J B j AjR B G A ieBv G UjA f

    :JA A DA Ae jNIA fBrA B_RA eAj_A jaD_NA __B fNA A IB kAU zI k

    :B D Sf WNYA (LA ABU) kBUD A

    ((..iBA BI JBN))D_ G B_Ui _Y B_ ,_NJA SfB_I XB__VNYA iBJ

    : C SfZ BfU B((..iB_A _ _A _ :__ JBN G))

    .lA MfB BZZu fBq AgG_ _I _M B_ j_rA ij_z K__Mj B I jNA J -8 BRA vA fAA BI G oA ODA AgH ,iBNaA nA

    :DA DA jR BB BB jrA ijzA U:jk I o I AfrNn ()_I :jA kAU zI eA

    .PjI jA iAe J 114 ,199/1 KJA (1)

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    ____M B___JA MD___ ___C(1)eB__k __I __J O___ B_f_ _ ,(_J) _R _ _ (MD__) B jBrA C Byj AgH.PAijzA fB JM C NJA k ,ZJ jq ijy KMiA

    _ B_ZA A_C _I \UjN_A LAj_A UC BZNA A -9.rB A C K hA ,q J A

    __BvA PBzN A PBzN I jA iAe AgG ,\UjM kA.BRA e A OlNA ZA__I _M C i_A _ :_ j_rA j_A AgG _M (__jC Pj__zY AgG) ;j___rA LA_ B_NI j_ _ ,j_rA_A ,(j_C)___I j (PjzY)_I BN jA iBAgG ,AjA f izA C ,izA f AjA C w

    .jrA LA M \ZvA ,A f iA j_fM G \_ h_A LAjA ,BIAjG B z -10CfNJ AjJa (fBa) jvJA (fBa UjA ) `fA :h__ ,N KjNA (`fA) C () jfM BIU h

    .fBa ,UjAAjJ_a (_UjA _) _ j_a Cf_NJ (fB__a) V A BCj_fM _ B_B LA_u _A Ah_ .(1)h_ j__fM j Bf

    .BBQ (UjA fBa) M LjA C hj__fNA Ah_ _J ,h_ j_fM G _BvA B_YC PD_C AgG -11

    :jrI

    A Bn BvA (1)

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    .BI aG G V C -1_IjA L_mA _ Xj_a C _i e _I __NA n C -2

    :irA_ ,_A j_Y _ _NY iAf_vA B BNmA l _ (?O_Jg C) _ B__G ,(?OJg ) B ?OJgC :

    :BM R k jrlAC {J hA JB B Aj ~iA Ajn C}C ___h _ _ _aAe l_A C B_N if_u _BA B_A

    . (1)Ajn AfC :jfNABG LU ,JA AfI jfNA Ah i f nA JA

    .bn KhA Ah

    _I B_ fA__r Bf BMBmAie B ifvm NA iA C hB_ B_ w_b _I _uBa j__h gBA piAfA . (2)fA B,_ eB_rNmA _y ,B_ ,_Jy S_Y _ fB_q __ I

    .IBnA PBYA f XBVNYA N ,I NA fBAvb_rA _mAifA f_A h_I _ _ j BA h

    .B ZZvA mAifA ANA N ,jA BG

    8/1 KJA (1)(C) _vA fA_r ;_u O_u fA_rA C LB__NA Ah SYBJ jR piAfA f (2)KJ_nA _j piAf_A _ .B_I W_N (L) _vA fA__q ,eBrNmA jq Nn

    .fM B BA

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    |BlsA NRBI}

    uZeK}{A X}BO{A

    jA BNqA iBzA BNqA jvNA AC fBA ACCj_ K_N :_R j_A iB__zA yBA :u TQ BA jRC,K_N K_N :B_ _ j_vNA _BM _jvN B__C h .cG ,_ iB_zA yB_A :B_Nu G _ MD_ B_ B__ ,cG ..KNA,_A :B_MAaC `jJ_ B__ `jI B ,Al B Ak B :iAjNmA BD_u B_A h_ _ o_ .IiBA BC (qC) (eB) ,N

    .jvNA vB ,jB__H ,fBA A Ah Bj PD fYA u k B B(Lj) ,vBA Ae B ,oI , ,n ,o :R zA u k C

    `f_A B_C K_VNA _Nu ,Ah__JY ,jrA BC ,IiBA BC _ K_ :_R j_A _u k__ C BG ,BM S BBI MA hA.~B iBz A AhI B o (G) M (KnYA)

    _ _Ne f_ :f_YAA _vA _Nk Af__ A eA __A hA `fB,jBI R jJ B f B ,k,jBI eB B jJ NA AfA UjNA NB B B ,KVNAB_ Ah_ ,jB_I J_qC Ah_ e_ _U f_YA __BY A l

    _A J__r .(B Xj A ) BJr (B Xj C A n) :o_ :N ,I jBzA BvMA Nn NfI G BA fBA.cG n n Nn M B On On ,Nn Bn

    ,(B_) (f_q) (jR_) (_) fB__A BBI Z BZA _JVM B_ f_q ,__NZv BB aC Kz B) B R (jv)

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    (B_) C _jvN B_C B_C _A (OyB_M B__B ,By A j_fNA ,B_fI __A B A ifvA BB ,ifv :B_f _Ae __ (cG .. Zv B aC Kz ) :IBnA A

    .BNmA A fBA BA

    jvNA

    :DI yBA A iBzA A jvN :C_A C ,f_Y _N l_A) _iBzA j_YC fYC fl -CB_z (_JBA C JB__b BNA C ,KB BA C ,j N

    .j BYN BIjA A : B jY ef j Q -L

    _ZN C__y : nA jBI BQ j C n QRA -1.Ljz \N KN ,R .jn C

    B jn ,fAk BNI fNJM M G mAfnA mBA BIjA -2_A l_ _mAfnA _mBA uA C hY fI BjaE J.j ,jNn , ,XjYf : BIjA fAlA

    ,_N _M ,iB_rN iB_rM :B_BY _ O__I fAk BNI OfI H.XjYfN XjYfM

    :BNA PAA AjUHI iBzA jA jvN :BBQ

    _ ,Xj_Yf _ ,j_ _ ,K_N __ :iBzA kBA BaeG -1.BiBrN Bi ,UjbNnM ,A.iBzA jY hY -2

    iB_zA _A B_NhY B__NB NA A l uA C ei -3.i B BiBrM ,UjbNmA ,AA ,XjYe ,KNA :

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    BYC__ KVNA fI h ,j rI IBVG BnA fJ -1_ __UjI jC :R vN j C ,AfBa jC B :R j C

    .j KVN .pBAC) B__ B_ f_N _ AfB_U _ K_VNA B_Nu -2B_ _ ,(_BRA _vA ij__VA iBA ,A vA I A_I _v C B_zC B_ B_e (j_C fB_) ,(j__C B AfBa)

    .uBI BAlUCiB_BI :B_qC _QRI B_ _I B_I __vA ABnM j__A K__C ,!B__n j__A K___C B_) _R ij_VA __A ___JC ,!B_n _A _JC B_) _R jB_I ,(!B_nB_ j_mC , !IB_a - _m B_ __nYC B) R AfBI ,(!Bn

    B_ B__) :R A vA ClU I (B) eAlM .(!AfA jnI aC.jJa mA G XBN (!IAU CAgH_ ,_A _jvNA B_A B__iBM NvA MB e -3e_UC B_) :__ BZZv I A (e eBU) BI BMC(f_q) _ _ B_I B_MC AgH__ BeA BBiBM ,(!I eUC ,!iBU.(!I efqC !ejJA fqC B) :R BRA vA BeA KU fA

    KB_bN ,_jvNA B_A o__ fYA iu A l -4f_ B_ j_C) :_N fYA vI SA jhA A RA ejA..!B_jA B_C _ _nYC B_ !_aC jI jC !MiBU

    .(cG

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    - 23 -

    BIAjG,_ _a _U _q :(!__a C B) A vA -1Ah_ _ ,_A _u G Af__IA Kn q :(A u fIC B)

    :LAjA .CfNJ i nA J ,q BM j :B

    _B ,LAj_A _ __ \NA J fBU ~B :C.(B) e () jfM BIU jNNn jyj_U _ \_NA J BA ,Lv I (a) :a

    .(1)ByBI.(B) CfNJA jJa i (a UC)

    _ Ah_ _ ,fB__a j = (fB jC) BRA vA -2

    :LAjA_ if__ \N J ,jA iu MC fBU ~B :jC

    .jA iu V ~iBA nA i jaEif_ _zI _j B_ (fB__a) ,BIU fAk jU jY BJA :fB

    . (2)fAlA jA jY jY Bi jaA _y ,B_ B_A :B_ (_I j_C) __R Ajy BJA fI B B G

    .fAlA jA jY eU jA jy y jA jy

    (.m ) :NDm AgG B ,e e G A hY k (1).!jC B !nYC B C ((!jC B !nYC B)) :NJUD

    :C ((j_C !aD_I _ C)) :_QB IB_m _ AfU G ijVA iBA Ah hY k (2)!I jC

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    (fB_a G _JYC B) I jA ,|JA KA BC :Y_ _BRA ,K_ZA _ A AfB_a C ,(fB_ __JYC B)

    .KZA OC LJZA hM

    B B jvN ,jrA Nn j KVM BC LjA m:g , pB m

    ,(B UjA ) UiC BB ,A BMC B j C B Aif BC B :QRA j

    .(jvNaA) jvaC B ,(BNA jRC B C) IjA C.(jDI BC B !BkC B) :V JA

    (!iC B !UC B C B) :(C) JrA Nu B

    XAc{A

    BlY Ae B lA iAfI C -1_C D_I OB__Y AgG jYCjVY I pC

    jC ! BB BVA - nYC B m I ie -2

    BBI - PBjA

    OJQC ,BB

    (fAfrA) PBIlA -Lj f I jB___ _A _ G _h -3ifUD_ B_ N__n G ,Af

    eiA I j

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    {BMD jvIC I mC} -4[38/19 :j]

    Al__A __ ___A l_U -5B__jC ___C B_ Aj_a _Ii___IC __I __ K__n

    :JYBv O BN O -6B___C B__ B__jRC B__ B______I j___

    fV Bju AiC C - BA BIC klC -7

    ___ C jJ__vA h__I __aC -8B_V C LA__I jA f_ f_q B_l \__C BB -9(1)j__nA BzA I B

    j Kn ,UjA

    .jVrA B jnA BzA , B :AlA fq

    A_ .B_mBI xB_a j_vNA ,(_nYC B__) (\C B) B KVNA BC jvNA m (1)__ jvN BA ej g \u gG .rI o ,zNA mBI (C B) JrI g

    .BnA

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    - 26 -

    ~Y{A TX}{A |BlsC

    nA BA -2 BIAjG nA BC -1

    _ _vM ,K_VNA __ AjJM hA `fA LjA jJM Y,j_NM _uBa _u _ ,f__fA A Ah Ae BIBI BC

    _ .j__C B iBz fBU BC B BA h OB h:Bu.AhJY AhJY ,Bm oI :A vA -C

    B_uC (Bm) ,(oI , ) B AfBU oI BD:( ) LBI G h B ,fN (n Bm) A LBJA __ C oI B LjA OlNA .oI Bk \JuC f

    :QQ fYCB_z G B_Bz C ,B_I __ G BBz C ,nA (C)_I -1A OaC IA oI ,rA CjA a ,fBa UjA :BI G

    .mB__a B_m ,(1)f_j _Ui _ :(l_NI Aj_n) Al_ Aj_y C -2

    .Jz

    _jA ._v AB__ B Bm :iBU B oI (B) C -3_UjA _) _ gG ,hB_I C `fB_I x_vbA __ BA A fI

    ,f_j fB_a _Ui _ :R hA C `fBI xvbA B eAjA A k hY (1)_ h_Y lNB__ ,sA ifA LhA BaC oI .eBm fe f PBJB C O

    .B RM xvbA IB hA

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    .jJa A CfNJ Lj (UjA fBa) R `fA ,B__ iB__qG __mA (Ag) fB__U ~B___ _ (K_Y)__ :Ah_JY B_C_ f__N ,() jfM BIU h CfNJ jJa ,`fBI xvbAC k_V ,_ B_ _yBA _QRA f_YC C jNr ,A:f_AlA B_JBI j__U kBU (Ag) j B BI vMA AgG ,a AhJY M

    .AiBU I KY aCoB__A LBJA G (1)KVN IB :BRA vA -L_ (_ _) __ .hA C fA KVNA fiC AgG ( )_ K_VN iB_u _NY __ eAk AgG BC ,(DnA A ) IAjA LBJAl_j _ __ iBu A C (A ) B Yf BeiC NjmAgG .(MB_N B_NJ BN_nZA) :__R lAjBI xBa oBA LBJA ,NIBQl__j LhA iBu AgG BC ,((jJa Lh)) B AA BnG jJaC_NA .((Lh_)) B_ _g _ __ Nk KVNA BeiC J (\B__u ) :hA C `f ((j)) LBI G B AgG AA G BA

    .nY Ag iBu

    .KVNA LBI ihA jrA NmA B (1)

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    XAc{A

    - C -

    {BMBFI AIh hA A R Bm} -1Lh j A OaC IA -2B__ _ ej_ B_nY ,j_k

    KB IC A___m f____ __ j__ -3B__M __Ui __ j___A _RA emA

    ((zC nB nNA ,O BJ A DyM )) -4jq SfY

    B uA { B PBfvA AfJM G} -5

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    jk

    .Ku m BY eAiC ,NA A ZnA_C j__ ,A C AhJY C -7B___ Ah_JY _ _ Pj_g AgG

    jA g

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    H_ ,__m B AhJY C -9jJ_vA _BBI A__uAM ,A K_ MB_Y CjA -10K___z _m S_ B_A igB AhJY C -11?B_____A gB___A Ah___JY

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    |Kl}{A SRe{A

    zA kA NA jvNA Y PAjNA iBM__R A jYC uC Oa B \ZvA A C KBA jhj_A B_ H_ ,_ j_Y _uC f__YC B B NA C (KN)

    BA UC m BQ NA G , f R (BR) m AAl_) _R B_vB _m _RBQ __NA G ,(J BI B) R BB C_BQ __NA G ,() R Bj B m RBQ C NA H ,(i

    .() R Bj B m RBQ:_R _N C B_ZZu B_C A__m l uC fYC B B kA___RBQ _BQ _eC B_ _zA (B_q Cj_ ,Ci D_m ,C h_aC)

    .(fq) R BIBrNA.(j_v) _R BB_m _m __zNA lA \ZvA A a H

    :BG jvM Y A jNM NA PAjNA j B BA rA:AC n NA -C

    :j_A iB__zA A h iBzA in AA BRA -1B_NI B_By A__A BhY AgH ,((f)) ifvA .(1)((f ,f ,f))

    .(f) R jaA _ B_ H_ (B_) __R BC yB A OJA AgG :UA -2_i j_y G f_n __Y h A H BRA LBJA C A LBJA

    _ A_A O_m (K_ ,_ ,D_ ,_z _n ,ih__ ,f) BA h fBA Phq (1).iBzA A in j BC BjC BiBz

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    _ B H ;(BI O) R hZA KmBM j C j jZN. (1)(Ba) R hZA j C j IAjA LBJA

    ,_) :__R A jY hY iBz lU C jA u AgG.( , ,a ,I

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    .BzC AfN ,KA G BAfM jBI BAjM

    B BJ B j N hZN JBbA B C BA AI vMA AgG BCAgG G ,(j_a G _fM O_C B_I A__yi BUjA) :hZA KmB

    .BA G inA AA jY B (Ba) A BhY B ( a) :A uA (1)B__ uD (Y , ,Y ,q ,Y ,yi) BC .ai ,jm :R KM BC B (2)

    . Ag iBu C (j) LBI () AA OJ BA uC fYA B .AA

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    _Mj A__i Bi) OB B BJ B ZNA JN BC A OB.(BhaC r OC

    _ j_ _) :_R _A j__aE hY wBA iBz lU AgG -_Us_aA ,l_A ,fN__mA ,iA) :jA h (s l ,fNn

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    .IQ aC :iBzA ,A

    :kA A -L

    _j B_nB Af_ O_J ,B__m BNBQ BMl C AM AgG -1.(BBG C OCC) uA (BBG C OE) :R A

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    .(jBI AjC) (jBIj_ B_ (1)i fB_a B__) :jA iBzA (Ci) l AhY -3

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    .fYA j A BG f OnA B (Ci) jA G z (1)

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    - 33 -

    :zA -_U(f_r ,f_q) _R f_YA o_U __ OB B zA A

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    .z

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    - 34 -

    |Bls A } X`}{A XZO}{A

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    .XjYfM

    BIi QQ ejVA A_jY Lj_A __ m B Kn Om Nm QRA ejVA AkD -1: O ,iBzB yBA BRA jA

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    _ __ ei B .(BA A A BA BA lA ) A.ID_ _IC B_I _A Ah_ A_R ,f_NA j__rA j LBJA Ah.Bk C BfN

    j_Vy ,Lj_r Lj_q :_R _ _ _k ,\_N j__n :IAjA LBJA

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    ..D_ _C ,B_ B__a ,LB LB ,r ra ,Xj Xj ,jVz.k C fN .cG

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    :jr QQ LBJA Ah B

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    .(KYC) , ,(NA)

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    Baj_ _JzM fB_ B_m _uBa AkC __ QRA BA ei

    KBA C G ,BnAf f :Ljy LBI C AA BRA -1

    f_q _R B_fN B_ G A LB_JA _ C zA -2

    j j R Bk B G BRA LBJA fB_ __R A LBJA C wBA UA AA -3B_RA LB_JA C wBA UA BA .l Al AgG A LB_JA G B_A _ _zI kB_UC __j i J BI ROJB_ _C PeiC AgG B_RA LB_JA __ (Jn Jm) JBA BI fiC:_A _ .( J_mC N J_n NIB_m) :_ _M NJ JnA va

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    - 37 -

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    j BC nA

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    .12x jA l

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    - 38 -

    X`}{A A`C

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    - 39 -

    N_mA ,_Ii jN_mA :_ZNA K_A _B __C NmA k -1.A jVZNmA CjA OUjNmA BrA OnNNmA A

    ,K_qrA :_QRA _ jR_C _A _ _ f__ A k -2.qraA ,YA

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    if ,n : M -1KJ : M -2

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    _QQ _ f_k _QQ B__uC MA IA j flA BIjBI Z:jYC

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    .onA ,ZmA : A -1(BN sM) fA JlYA : A -2

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    B_ h_A j_ B_ZBu _ B_UjaC B__Ii B ajv } -1{jhA BU jhM jhN B j C [37/35 :jB]

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    (( V C UC C ,Cjq SfY

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    ___Ci B_ B_jBI B_JM -8(1)B__yC C BI jA :Ii IC I j

    _Jv _ __rNA -9B__nA A Nq A jRB___jI ___n B____ __BnA i (2)ij BrZUS__Y __ \___jA f_ J_niAf___NA f___q ____ j__b

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    miw{A `} |e{A `}

    Xie _nM B_ _u l Om BBJqC jNA (A) lO_m B_J B_JBI O__vMA BnA B (nZA LB) B AB_ B_nBI _A G B_I _uN B_G .B_a B__ BI A

    .uA l Om Ah (BU nZA)j_C :_R _u Af_NIA ,B__a B OJRM NA A l BC

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    .A B SBQ (jA IBI Pij CjA BIA

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    _ _ Ba B h ,A C G uA C M -2H_ _A f_J __I f : LC BBQ I u O AgG (IA)

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    :NBNA NYA BJMBI PBVA PB__ BI vMA B B SZJM NA A mC -1 -C__ C SDM PB C jU jY C jBy C u PBC C iBzjA OvY AgG NY B fAlA jY mC Q .cG ..RM C

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    _A _uC B_nA B_N _A _A _ A_A O__hY f

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    O_hY ,l_V _j SB_RA __A BA OhY ,( ) (B).(O I) uA (OI) BA

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    .fA B B A ihU PBVA DM BuC BB ieC NA JUAB_A ej_VA kB_VN _Y _ j_Y _n G _v B__mA ejVA C jNm (2).fNA SZJA Jm B IiA jA

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    KMjN_A __JN LA A jA G v NY VA PBZu JNI.BMjmC eAjC jBm A fj B K B f NY

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    .ZA

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    Zo Xy}{A |lt{A

    iBzA fM LU iBzA jA fM f BNbA vA fM iu BNA kAU

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    .(2)((JM B f)) ,(2)((iC B I)) :R jrA

    fNA

    B_A)) B_ C ((ej_A )) _y __jA iBzA h:BY j Q ((PB TQ N NY nAB_C A__m AYC \NA J ej G fnA iBzA -1__f ___Q _ki _n _aC jB_n :_R _N C B_ZZu

    .e zA_aC :_R __A fI fM jnM QA C G fnA -2

    .Bz Af Bn AjBn

    B_nA B_N _BA A _ h_ __BA A G fnA -3_zBI j JN BI NA G (fM B BJ hY fI).z f n jBn AaG :R

    .rM B \IjM :R g C () jI A fM (1).nI B r Ljz R BRA ,(AiC D C NY VA) :B R (2)

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    ,Ai_n B_J B_ _J B__ h JBbA B G fnA -4eB_m B_ jB_nN :_R j_nBI j_ _JBbA B_ _JM B__I NA

    .zN fN nN_ _I _uB _C eAl__M BY J nA G fnA -5B_f B_n ,BjBn :R B jnM NA fNA nA

    .Bz:iBzB B jA Ah

    .zA eA mA jBm :ejA G fnABzA AeA BmA AjBm :QA C G fnA

    zA eA mA jBm :BA A G fnAzA eA mA jBm :JBbA B G fnA

    BzA BeA BmA BjBm :nA G fnAf_I G _y _ __RA y A fNA M Y

    .ieBBI jJ ,RA G M nA RNA CB_C B__ ,B A f xBa Y A A AhB_mi B_ B .{uBBI Bn} :C BM BmiB__ C B AI OvMA AgH ,lBU {uBBI n} :Bm B__Uj A f A h ( B jBm f B jBm) :R JB

    .(AjBm B) (jBm f B) : hY B B

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    XAc{A

    C

    C __ j___A j_ -1__i f__ j___fA B_ _jMj I JyA

    B__IjM PB___NA B_G -2AfJB_ _A ,BrA fJM rA

    {jrZM A NN C N } -3[158/3 :Aj E]

    _G _ Af_YC j_rJA _ _jM B__H B j IjqA } -4{BnG A C Bu Yj Pih

    [26/19 :j]

    __ _hA _ f_ J -5ilV______A ___E Af___ A ___mifI OI ja

    _ _jv A_M _ _ _Ujb A__UjaC } -5{jv Q iBIeA jv

    [12/59 :jrA]Yf jq (1)Y OB -6_____J ___Yf f___ f___JC

    oA jA

    B_ _ B_ B__A Jn -7B___ ____mj __ Bb__q K v nJA f I iBn

    .wBA A B O Q jrA ijz On A Y :BuC (1)

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    - 51 -

    TiA ___f B__ __I __B___ _ O_ B_ B_ AgGMBY

    MI OBy f M ___mA ___NI C ____Ii __

    {uBBI Bn N } -9[15/96 :A]

    Jj__m O_ _ PB_ AgG -10?-(1)Bjq J B z

    BN Oi fm Ae -11?-(2)BBU IBJv ...Ae___C _I PB_U G O_iC

    (3)Ae____rA Aj___zYC B___C__ ___Uj _ ,_Ij K_nj____A ___ |___I B_________ ____ j____al

    .jVrA uC Y Aju OJ B jrA , q jVq :zA (1). JNn ,B ~B ?f :A DI ghrA Ah zI ihNA (2)

    .BC :jnA Ai (3)

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    (1)|O}{A |lt{A ~{l}{A |lt{A

    (Af__ i j ,pifA m Cj) R A B A jg AgGCj_m ,pif__A j) R Aih BA AgG ,B A BB__RA ,B KB fI jA m A m (pifA

    .BA hY fI A G fmC ,uA I IBnA

    _J _ j_A B_C ,iB_zA yB_BI __V A BI wN -C: BvM Y A BA jNM NA PAjNA G ,V

    iBzA BC ,J jZN z jaE J B jn yBA BC -1B__ KN jaA jA J NA A BC .jaE J B \N C z

    .iBzA BC ,yBA ___ZZu ,f_l ej_ B_ _NbA A_YA _ _RC _G

    :NAVAAVAKNKN KNKN XjYeXjYfXjYeXjYfBefefjCj jCj ijijBBBfff(2)f

    B(2)

    B M N M N

    B_Aj kB_A B_jQF (_V __JA A JA A) : A Xie (1).BA BRA BA B ,A nA qA

    O_J __ :B uC . VA Bu Y Pei (fI) hZA AA (2)iB_zA _YNA A_A O_J ,B_A J_mB B_J B_ j_n B yBA inA AA

    .J I :BJ I :uC h .BC VA

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    - 53 -

    BIJI(1)BJAAeiejei(1)ejijAij ijAij

    iBNaAiBNjNaAiBNbB_j j_ZN _i j_y G f_mC AgG _V __JA UA :JMOB_ G j_nA G ,_A i__n OB G zA G B jY

    :A zzBI (Om B A ) B Om :B fBa Bm _g j_nBI (O_ I B_A ) f_ O__ I :f m BI B_JA B_D (O_m O_I) O_ AgH_ _VA __A I pBJNA ihY

    .nA JA BD (Om O I) O AgG ,BnA:A h A BA

    f_ _Ny B_ pj_A _NI

    j_UC Pf j Ni BJA Om.j N:O BNJ AgG

    .j O f Oy pjA OI Pf j Oi Om BI B

    Jpif_____A ____aC K____Npif____________A K__________NB____Ju YAjN_____A O___CiB______Ju YAjN____A ____i__jA f___U fB_A _C__Jj __jA f___A _C

    QB_NA _jA _BRA Af_A O__eC A AfA OmD .eej eei :ej ei uC (1).BY uA jA jfM .BBeG K jZNA

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    ______________A B____________...........................jj____nA __ __A B__jj_______nA ______ ______yB______A B____C B____nUyB_____A B______C o____UB___ B__Yj pB__A `j________ j_______ j_____

    B_A KB_ _ A _A \_Jv __V A Bv Y

    T_Q G _fNA (jJ_a Cf_NJ B_uC) _ G __fNA BA(jJ_a Cf_NJ j_ B_uC) __ G fNM NA BA BC ,P_C C ,B_IQ j_A _C :_N B_ KB_ B U

    .haA jA jRC A ,jA LRAB_ B__v I B o NA A A C Ah B_A _ _VA B_v _ ,B_A _ _ B__ eU f j_ C j_vN w_N if_v C ij__ iBU B B AgG G kA

    ij__VA iBA hY BA KB ,fNA RB jvN wN.jA C ifvA C

    Ba:BjqC NJA B A Nn VA u Ok BC Bf_q ,(nA IBuC) m ,(jJM) k ,Y ,U ,(AfI iBu) J WQ_ __ NA , C ,(KVNYA) A ,(WBA IBuC) W (se)

    .(NA) I , NA C:R BBNmA B \vA jaC BC

    _e _ ,f_ _m ,_k ,(j__VA Bvi) IAfA Ovi ,OI. ,l (bA ) b ,(Pf) pjA OVN ,(Aif Kg)

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    XAc{A

    +Be Y UBY g B -1_B _ j_A _ B_ __ B

    j

    {A B AeB Aei } -2[28/6 :BA]

    B_I _NaA AfBI jMQB__A UjA CjA iqBIi BYj AB Ay f C ACi fC m B} -4

    {jmBbA B j[149/7 :AjA]

    __v iBy ,fl J -5(1)\__AA \__M B___ _JNfJ

    {Afqi Ii I eAiC C ~iA I fiC jqC if BC} -6[10/72 :A]NIB z , BY z -7____nNJ ____Y G _____ ___

    _z B_A |_ _ C B_m B__ B IA ~iC B } -8{BA Af I eVA PNmA jA

    [44/11 :e]

    JO__ B___q _ _ O_Ii OjNqB I BIBJq OB__ gG (2)j_ _ O_Y?-B__rM ___rA (2)_JN

    .B B gAA Nh :\AA NY .j IAj m I BnA :JNbA (1)I LjzM :JN .LRA jA (2)

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    ~`{A XlK}{A

    _r K_AjA l_ ,_A B_ :__R B A jQC jvNA AgG.k B jA

    :R BfN B jRC C fYA G BA jQC kBU AgG BCf__U fBA C lBU fVA OC ,BIBN aC jNqA Bi OC

    .Jj jA:QQ fNA BA

    jN_qA Lj_q _C __R AfU jR fYA G fN B -1.cG ..oJ j Cj

    :BMjk G fN B -2B_ f_ _ __M \v S jJa CfNJ B uC A

    :u(1)

    BB Kn vM ,AjBn jA O R:Nm A BD ,BZUjA A BC rM LA BC -1,B_j \_vA O_CjM ,_M ,_C ,f__U ,ie , ,Ci,K_nY ,B__a , :BZUjA BC BJyB BIC M ,AfI jnA O,Aj_J LB_NA K_nYC :__M .K ,BVY ,f ,(( )) U ,k

    ?vM AgB BJB jUC K

    .(2)

    A BBYC ((KnY B )) ejM f

    AgH_ ,~B_ _ iB_z fB__U A M ,fNA Ci :BB (1),j__ OB AgG ,BYBJu iBU OCi R AfYA OJv jvI jA OB

    .AfYA OJv ,N M jC M ,eBu fU_ AgG (K__) ,KnY M AgG f C jB ,BzC A NnM f A QRA (2)

    . G BfNM KnYA M

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    - 57 -

    ,__U h_A ,h_bM ,j_M ,ei ,j_u :J_m _ _ZNA B_C -2_A Peei :_R (j_u) _ _M C _ BJv jq .K

    ju = BB A J BR rA OU ,BjIG_A B_Ae jJ_A .j__u M A Ah OUja HG K_v ,izA OjM ,h JM A ,A e hA:_ O__Jv jM (AjZN jM O) Y ,AfYA

    .efNA BA PAg BA G JN_N B_Zv ,AjJ_a Cf__NJ BuC o KvM B BRA.. ,\ ,Bn , , ,Dm ,oJC ,C :R jR BC ,O_ ,ND_n __N ,Y f Pn ,B jA OC M

    BNA iBA_ f_A ,h__aA jB :A B B A A

    .NA iBA ,NDn NA OC ,nNA:B jvM B JnA BA h P TQ G fN B -3_A h_M _A iC :_M .Tf_Y ,jJ__a ,jJaC ,DJ ,DJC ,C ,iC

    .a jvNA JB f j fAA ,mJB ,m A :N f B DNM SBRA BRA A

    ,a jvNA

    B_RA B_ __ZNA LA BC A B (C) M_A iC ,f_I j_nA C O_ :P_ _QQ K_v B__ SBRA.m A C hM

    * * *

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    B_ ej_ A_YC G f__qiC vNA ,BBm NfM A l:NfM B ej AYC ,A l

    :BNA BA Bk A -CB_C __N hA LBJA (y y) oBA LBJA B AgG -1Pj_v _aC V_q :h__A `fA fvI G Y B ,BBVnA lAjA

    .( J fvA iBu) iBU fu , a J ,NBC ,l_Y C `j_ _ e (\_N j_n) IAjA LBJA B AgG -2(__A Or ,fA f) Y C K C ,(s ,Jq) NA C a

    .(jVrA jza) C:B_A C f__IiA ikA :A C ,KZnA :A k B AgG -3

    .jYA :A C ,DA :A C ,eBIiA AikA

    __ZvA O___l :f_YA _ f_NA _ B_B B_ AgG -4XjYfN jVA OUjYe ,OlN:BNA AYA BfN \Jv kA -L

    .JNbA OUjaC ,fNA l afM C -1.BzJA Ol :BQ z C -2

    .NJBa BaC OnBU :BA C C fI eAlM C -3:R JnA C KA AfA BNA nA A C eAl C -4

    .BA OnZNmA vA OlNmA_k C B_ AgG} _R B_m _ ,iB__A m C -5

    . Ak C AB : {jnb

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    ,__v C fqC :R ifv BN M gG (C) (C) J mBO__yi C OJV ,BvG fqC :BvHI fqC :DNA ,DI uAO_JV :B_yi _ O_JV D_NA ,C OJV uA ,nI

    .Byi(|BA lI KvA)_I jJ B Ah

    j_ f_N K__i B ,oJ C mBA hA Ah jq,f_iC C _A j_nA _ K_iC _N K_nA __BY ()_I ,jUiB_A B_mC AgH_ ,j_nA KiC N LBA BY () jBIK_V ,_ K_Ai C _ K_Ai B_C _ j__ (jnA KiC) BAh_ _JYC _R h__ZA Ae j A B AgG G I \jvNA

    .JYBuC C KiC

    XAc{A

    B_I _JN Q R JN Ii I AR J C Aj hA k} -1{jn A g N

    [7/64 :IBNA]

    LjY E n BQfA i -2(1)Ae____m __ f__m iAf__B____zI e__nA i__q ej__Ae____m |__JA __efa ei

    fmA OA

    Q BaC j BIC VYC O f -3PB__ B__ B__I O___C _NYJ IC I

    .BlY B KvNA :fm (1)

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    B_ V i__vA c | I X h z I BjM} -4{BU

    [99/18 :A]

    Ai_NA l_C _f _I B_ B_fv ZB_I LB_N A __ l} -5{VA

    [3/3 :Aj E]

    ___NjM B_ AgG _NY _NIi -6\__nA __ N___mA _A B_aCf___ _ B_B _Y f_M__JB _ h_A _A f_ _I PjC B B jA MjC -7K__r Ag B_ Ag _NjM f_

    Lj f I j

    _ih _ _Ui _ _ Ii _ j__g BU C NJVC} -8

    {YjM A NN[63/7 :AjA]B__By O___ _C B_J -9f____l ____IC B_____jC f___l

    fmA J

    Bf I PjM C Ok f -10j__N l__ B__ h___A Ah_jR

    j fv C M :O -11_____MB H____ B____ zM Gjk

    B_ZA _ m y hA ,BC jnaBI J } -12{Bu nZ C JnZ BfA

    [104-103/18 :A]

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    - 61 -

    _ a Af_qC B_QBG _YjA eB_J hA A A U} -13{Dn MeBq KN Nm

    [19/43 :jalA]

    B JA B :l J ieC O B -14O___M _NY K_A PB_U jR

    crI On Bbq Nk -15B____JIe Lf__ __ c__rA B__GA pC

    __ UiBbI B PAjnY BC A j h} -16{iBA

    [167/2 :jJA]

    B____nA _____ik O___J -17iB_____qA K___Aj ___G f_____fC pIB_ B_IC C O_J -18f___mA ___ iCk ____ iAj__

    BIhA IBA

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    - 62 -

    fvB{A ~BK{A

    -1-

    XBN I ,j BjI NM B Bj BI fBA NM BCB_I fB_A _NM _NA _BNA B_A __ Bv Ah ,Lv G Bj

    .(aC jBm) :R Bj

    C xv OI BeBmG fN mA vBA BA afM.((B_A j_YC)) PAeA _BNA B__A I m ,uv BY

    .((eB)) jk ((B)) jk BMjJ BMjk :B A G

    BMAaC B

    x_v O_I Tf__A fM ,PBI ,nC , ,ZyC ,\JuC ,B.j_vNA _BM B_A h_ .B__iBI OZJuC :M cG BnA `BJvB.iBu \JvN xv lI ONA BBYC jM f

    ((B_)) B_fNM ,B_r O_e B__ CjC :M uv B fM Ae_u G _A Ah_ o__ ,((Ae f))_I BAe M ,jA ifvA

    .yBA

    C jNr .iAjNmA fM NA ,(( ,Ai ,N ,Ak ,A ,`jI)) Ak B_) :_M ,((B_e C _ C __ C mA C j))(1) BfN

    :oA jA jA eU nA fI AkAU A h f (1)AfB_____ `j___IC ___A ___ :O___B__uC __f ___mCi A_ _

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    h_ o_ .(AfB_ `iB_I j_ B_C ,f_ Aj_Ag D__NM ,BJyB aC.iBzA yBA G BA

    .AfU BA iBu :ZNA fM ((iBu))o_ ,B_jv O_n) :_R __jI j M f BA ((o))

    . (1)yBA G PD fBU ,(Af eBI LA

    ((P , ,B_ ,G)) __ A jYC IiC ((o)) fC ,((G)) B_N _ C ,BB_mC _ B__iBJaC fNM C jrI___mA _ C ,_Mj B_jJa (()) _mA _ C ,G B_fI eAl_M_ ((_mA)) _ B_fYC B_h BlA BmC BjJa ((P))

    :jRA.(aC jBn G jBn G aC G) AjBn aC G

    ___ G B_ _ _ B_ _ G _ B_) _ _ B_.(.(BC Kv OC ,fYC fBa O G fYC ) AfBa fYC

    H_ (2)(f_ B_m B_nA O_n) __uA ,f Bm P Af.o PAeA h M jq w

    :jNZJA A jY R \JvN eA BBYC M I (1)____ o_____G ___uC if___ o___o_____ ______U ____u C ____mo_ :_uA C B_Ak ,B__h Dq jy B if N zI ,() l B

    ..cG uC if DrA:(P)_I jA Aghq m (2)

    AC P B___________Zu A__________JB______I _____Y o_____ C B_____JUD

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    BMAaC eB. jA Lj ,C Pf :qC ,Lj ,eB :(IiBA BC)

    r C A n :aA ,jY ,n :(BUjA BC).Xj C LjA aA

    :j_q __ j N :(jrA BC)

    cG jJA ,CfI ,haC , ,U ,K ,B , ,DrC ,jqjJA ,fv AilA :R.f IBnNA

    _qC eB_ G ,yB_A j_ B Nn PBvBA eB PAaC.iBzA yBA B Nn

    Aej_ ,B_fN j__ (1)BiBz C BA h jJa jNr

    AjA Nn .(aA jY) BI BjN ,jrA BC (C) .(Lj eB) ejVNA (qC n)_I (C) AjNA jRA ,BJA PeB jNA q BA h B LBuC AgG :Y

    .Bj NM BM OUi ,BNA BA ,B__nA afA ((nC)) ,fU ((B)) R BeiC AgHB_C O__JA ,fA ((eB)) ,fJA ((jq)) ,AlA ((Ak)) ,pif__A Ojq ,jzA Ak ,BnC f AjmC ,jq B B : BMG B_B _ ((_qC _aA _n)) C G .iB_ __aC eB

    .fA l C qC ,`jM C aA ,\VM C n :C iBzA

    N_r AjB_ B_mA iBzA B C (n) AkBUC ,mA e jy B (1).f \V C aC n :mA e jy

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    B wBvaj_ZN f_I _MC AgG __nBI lVA BiBz hY k -1

    .B M :(B M ) N vN jy j B jRC ,NkN N I fAk ((B)) ejM f -2((f_U)) _I ,B_B ((_)) _I ,B_jJa _JVNA ((B_)) I g

    . YiC B fU ,j fC B B :BB KBPf_k _N ._uA _vA _I ,B_NA _I BMeBk m

    .fNA B B jJA mA ONmA O__A) A h R OY AgG g BfY BhY k -3O_hY f_ :(O_A B__ OC BC) :MA KjNA G (B O

    .((B)) B ~ ,jzA BmA vB ifvA ((C)) fI B

    :_R B__mA B h B jRC ,B fYC BhY k -4_ B_Ba o_NA B_ __ oNA) uA .(ffY BBa oNA)G) _uA .(Aj_b j_a G I B) :R jJA BhY (ffY

    .(Aja B ja BO_ G Ah__ ha) : R BjJa BmA BhY k -5

    .( BG Ah ha) :N ((B)) I ~M (j haDM

    -2-,B_jC B_iBz)) B_ j_vN B__ BB B vBA BA hB__m ,jJA KvM BmA n CfNJA jM ((Bifv B NrAf_NM C k_ .jJ__A CfNJ B jaDNA fNA BYA BjJa:__M BzC BnC BA BBmC ((BMAaC B)) iBJaC

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    - 66 -

    _nC ,_A \_JuC B_Zv = _A B__Zv \JuC = BZv A \JuC. AB

    .BBC BiBJaC fNM ((B))_I jNA B ((o)) G

    XAc{A

    +__Jy ___I _ O_IfY -1B____ G ___ B___B G

    IBA

    __ __ iAe B_ _mA B_ C -2j___A B_j _ Ak jA g

    ___ \uB_ _G _C _I -3j___k B____E __ __NJ __aA

    ___ kB_A B_jM :AB_ -4iB BC A BA YAl

    AB BG C Q BU jrZ } -5{fJ

    [40/34 :DJm]

    B__n l jA AgG -6Al___ A_m _q _ o_oA jA

    {xB Y P AeB j J B C } -7[3/38 :x]

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    Ah G AjrI Ah B tBY fC jJC Ci B}-8{j G

    [31/12 :m]

    B___ pB___A O__U G __m -9___U B____ A__m o__nA

    fU J XBVA n AgB -10eB____k j__Y B__kBU __ AgGNA XjJA

    C eAlA G fA Pf G -11_VC pB_A __rUC gG , VDI

    jrA OnC hA LjA n -12K_______j Xj_____ Ai _____

    ihA jra OI If

    LAjN____A pB___A ___m ___ -13A__ A___ C (AMB_) :_ AgGIAjA IA KQ AiB__A Vm YA g BB m -14B_____M C B___BC O___Ij f___

    mA fk I Br IC

    j_ Ag OC BC qAja BIC -15__JzA D___M _ _ H_pAej I pBJA

    B__q g B q -16LiB___ _I eA_m _ _N _ekA LiB I eAmO_U iB_U __Jg B B -17B_Ij C P__A Ag f Br

    A

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    B__ikC LBJrA BIjm OnJ -18B____NZA JJ__q B__ __(L)

    __R O B AgG OU f -19_RA LiB_rA |__ |D IQBJA fC I j

    __ iAf_I Pij_ AgG _ -20Aj____ AB___ B___ Aj___U_Ak On C BmC B A z -21|_ _A |_ __NY JY

    j I nA_J f_U B_ __ M OC -22________I D______q K______M AgG

    KB IC OI CB (pD) iB BBn O -23B___eD B___ MF____ __rMgA Bua kj eA AgG -24B__BI B__A BI___n f_A _

    JNA__m B_ :_A PB_I OB_ -25?-G :OB_ ?B_f Aj__ BBm PfIC EjA M H -26___y __JU Ej__A Pf__IC f__

    fmA jbu I jVAB___Jg _NC G B_ _Af _I -27?-l___A _NC _ B_ju

    B__C K___A eA_m O_Y -28

    B___aAjN B____JY __ BA__mfA IBA

    B__i B_IC Pj_ _ -29-___mA B__ __BA B___nM j_I _IC _I eB_U -30?-LAj___A _nA B_ _

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    - 69 -

    BI{A JAZkA

    : B KBA jhB_JA ,_A B__ zN B BJM A jaE jY jM LAjA

    .A B jN B fYA BY A jaE l.LAjA B Om B J B jA -1

    I vNM hA iBzA G B Lj J B BA -2_m o_C J__m f fBa B jBm :R BBJ .fNA nA

    .JmC fI I Zn MaC BC ,aC I Z_ B_q o_C K_N __ BYBJu aC KN R LjA iBzA

    . B G KNiB_qA B_mD j_A |_J B_ __ G) Ij BmA -3J ,jBzB ,BNmA jrA BmC jRC ,uA BmA

    .(LAjA By KnY jU C i C Kv C .BI PB nA jnA zA \NA C AZuA -4

    .LAjG PB lA jA jA KvA_A A _RA _mA _C B_ L_ __zBI jA

    .nA BA A PJQ BnA jhA

    ,B_nA j_hA _ _RA B B L ZNBI KvA .nA BA A hY ,BnA SA jn

    _ AgG j_vA _ _A __ZN B L jnBI jA .(A)_I z

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    - 70 -

    ,_nA B_A _A h_Y _ L_ __nBI lA .jaA NA A jY hY

    jnA zA ,ihN A TRA PBjA jM gGG _mA _yC AgG .B ifM h LAjA PB H ,R BA(f_ K_Zv __aC BU) BA JmB BNY jn jaE H NA B

    .B JmBA jnA j jZN mA jaE KvA jA if

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    - 71 -

    lgA} nZBg}{A Je

    ,C)) KuAA fYC I vMA AgH BJNm BZ iBzA A \v_R j_aE jBA KvA B AjQC :jQC jQC ((gG , ,AjQC (..AJhM ) nA BA A hY B (KgC )

    :MAeC A G BJNm vv BC

    D_M Af_IC f_I _A _ _ ,BJN__mA Kv ifv jY.AjA fiC : Bn (CjC C fiC) ifv

    _ _Uj B_fI _M B__G A A Ae fI M ef__rA bA fI AA ((C)) ,jBnM C KYC :R

    .(..m C ) uA {yj m C } R\_UjM _A _I B__I uB BZUi Ae fI O HK__vA NmA ()_I BI v G ,(G n C O) :BI KvA_BY C (?B_ C _MC) C (?B__ C MC) :M jAuB_A B_ G ,(B__ C) O D RA A if_ C OJ_nY :(C) __ bA M C M (m ,f) R () j

    .(1)aC jBnm C O ,aC jBn

    B_nA ,f_N _NA ef_rA _ _bA C j__ iBz JuBA ifvA C j B (1)__J D) :Bij BA I fAlA ,(NjC aC jzY C B) B fI fAlA C :BMA

    .(BB BEi C OnC) :R (()) nA I (nA iA G MC _G B_YD} ,K_gA C __G PjqC :jY e A B fI MDM jnA C

    .{A uA

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    - 72 -

    AkAU jz iBzA BJv l BMAaC B LBJA C h (C):BBm BIU

    y g AkAU BiByG -C Pj___zY = fN_m Pj_zY :_R _A _NA f_I -1B_i K_V ()___I A Jm AgG G Am BiBRNmA Bi .fNmC

    .KzM PjzY :R _nM kB_VA _NA f_I BiBG BiByG k h_j E _ NB} :B_M __I B R ,ijvA C FA C JBAO_E B_ _ ,Af_ _ _N _ __ {BlY Af

    .kBVA BNA BD AfA OB g G iAO_ AgG ((C ,_Q ,B_A ,A_A)) __BA jYA h fYC fI -2

    IB_Q = _I _C iB_A _ZNM IB__Q) :R fBU mA iBzA= B_A _ _G K__YC U sJN AaG N) ,(..Tf_ZNM _Q B__ jn) ,(..rJ N = ..sJM D AaG N,(_G _Qf _Q B_ jn = G TfZNM C Q B jn = G

    .(Vm C = VnM C Yl va yj)_mA __ ifv((C)) Jn C nN A Kv BG

    .wBA mA A fBAyA n BIU BiByG -L

    B_ Lh_N _M _) :_ __I JnA fZA fI -1C _ _A :(Lh_M _M _) :__ IC .( O

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    - 73 -

    jJB__I ij_VA iB_A _N ,B_I j_U _ if_v _ jNN_nA IC LhA eAiG (Lh Afj M ) :jfNA hZA

    .LhA_N B_ ,(B_aC _ = B_aC _ G B_ B_) __ BC

    .fU BM B (B)

    _M ) :B_fI B_ BJJ__m BJ B NA :JJnA B fI -2:K C I JnM C B jNr .(N,(_N j_v j_ iB_U) ,(fN_nN jz ) : A BD.j C I C mBI C I j ( N BeB jVA o)

    A J BA fI ((C)) ifM PBJQA B B A B AgG:_A _ _ B_ B_ (_JZ B_jJ __aC Al ) R Bj

    _Y _C _A B_ B AgG A JrNA .BjI jNn aC_ iB_zA K__vI) \VJNN \UB D :BA fI ((C)) Pif A.A A iAfA .(\VJNN \UB OC B :

    iB_zA ,j_A _ LB_JA Ah_ _)) j_A __r KA BC,_nN O_mA ((j_A _ _mA _r ,K_nZ j__A I jAO_jC _ :|__A ,jn BJZvM C :~jA ,fN jvM :AjB__n ___ UjN_A ,N_nN Pj_zY _N _NA ,j_UN j_A

    .QfYD Bm OC :BNmA , AiD_MA _A A C JJ_nA B_ f__I jz DI LvA iBzA AhO_mA :B_J _A _ lN_ if_v _ __ ifv ,fI

    .n Pm = nN

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    - 74 -

    OD_ _ZzM Lj__rM ,R () fA A A fI -3_Zz D_ B_M B__G ,fY ZzA fY LjrA BM

    .(1)Ljr :JJnA B eiAA vNA ,K C I JnM C B jNrO_jC _ ,Tf_ZNM B_JZvM C ,_NM D__M ,Mu jM CjA_ ,_AjM jBn .NnM PjzY N ,Nfu jA

    .J Bm OCC G = _MAj _C C j_mC :__ (G) NA (C) fI -4

    .MAjI OJRM C BBI NA N :R (G) C ,C_MjNA :_R B_NB ,_NA C B__NA AfA (NY) fI -5

    .jm = jmC NY NC :R NA .UjM C G = UjM NY

    G j_NC :_N j_U _ if_v _ jNN_nA C __ iBzA.ijn NC ,Ui.OJRM C G = C OJRM NY LBNA Dm :G MDM_NY f_NUC :|_ZA BJN_m _M C _NY f_I (C) iByG jqJ_nBI BJN__mA BG BC .NA k fI eBNUA fI `BVB .\C_Mj B__iByG f kBU A Kv (C) iByG kV BJ BB_mDJA N_n} :__R yBA TAfYA BY Ah jR ,hY AG C _A j_v _N __ AE hA mjA NY Alk AjzA

    _nA D_M ) i_rA B_RA __ TRA PBjA ANmA BZA |I NA I Bq (1)OD__ (LjrM) OJv AgH , PBjA C A ,ffnI o Ah (A LjrMB_ __ BJv B ,A OlU AgG ,fYA O A j C BM

    .A Ljr C PjJaC nA C A jvNA Oi AgG ,jN jN

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    - 75 -

    _k G J_nBI _ Al__lA G JnBI BJNmB {A jvKvB_I (_) O_j __h .z AllA A ,NA

    .iByA f jBI (C) iByG _NY f_A jB__m :BIU NY fI MiA BZ iBzA B AgG

    .AfNIA B (NY) DNn B .Uj = Uj

    BBm C iByG -_UIB_nA _yAA G B__IU AkAU B BI (C) iByG pB B_ j_ _Iv B_BC O_i __ LjA Pei f ,BBI NA

    :ei B ,B pB Oi B A h ZN ,fMj_)) ,((haD_ _J w_A h_a)) ,((Aj_M C ja fBI nM))C j_ .haD_ C _J ,_nM C :__N ((C)) y uA .((Bj

    .BjB_C f_JC jD_M _A j_C _} :_A _ ((f_JC)) K__vI j_A _ ((C)) _m f_I iB_zA _Mj C pB__A {BVA

    .Bm C jRA ,KvA pB AeAiC

    .aC :R BJNmA Kv jY

    _ _ B__JZv hA NA ,BJNmA Kv ifv jY_ = jJ_ __ NDm :M AjfM C B BI jNM NA NA B_N B_ B_I j_U _ if_v _ _ _ __A .jJ

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    - 76 -

    l__I _A if_vA K_v B_B _I _A O_hY AgG .(ND_m)__IMj_n O_V :__M ,A A g KUA A R .|BA

    .BrM f = BrNM gG

    (fU hIDm) :B ,BJNmA Kv AlU LAU jY.BC gG :JVN

    (B_ B_C gG) :__M BA afM B BmA afMf_ _zI _ _hI .BBI vNbA BMAaC PejA B

    .LjA |I f BI KvAif_vNA :_QQ Bj_q ON_mA AgG B__I KvA LjA jRC C G

    :BJA G .BJNmA BvMA

    _n C j__q C CfNJ B fM H .(BC gG) :R ifvNA -1gG f_U h_JM G),(B__C gG BC) :R BfI A MiA M .(BC gG A ,BC

    :jR_C _jA ,K_vA _jA kB_U B_A C AA ((gG)) fM AgHG :(D_BM gG j_rM f_U hJM G) ,KvA jBI (BC gG))) jrA O G ,BNY OlU jrA LAU O.A A nYC jA ,KvA jA kBU ((IAU_Qf _ _M ,_Ni A BBY A B H :BJNmA -2

    .j o jBI (BeBu C gG) :jJ_MiA B_ __I uB iBzA ((gG)) I v AgG :BvMA -3

    .KnZ jBI (BC BC gG) :M ,BfI A

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    - 77 -

    (B_C _A gG) :_M ,_BA (()) _n BI __vA AjNA f.(1)(fU yC gG)

    XAc{A

    (C)

    {m BG Uj NY B jJ AB} -1[91/20 :]

    {yj m C } -2[20/93 :lA]

    __ j__M B___J o_J -3___rA o_J _ _G K_YCf OI n

    _ C _Q B__m N G -4j_JA OB_ B_ Lj__z iRBRA oC

    H___ B__I __fM -5B_gC C O_ B AgG BaCRA V IC

    _ B__ Pl AgG O -6BN____nM C B__I Pj__neB__________k

    __I iBU C C -7B_____aA e______A ____IA

    .ijVA iBBI jBI AfBI vA g G zI ByC (1)

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    - 78 -

    f__C G ,eC eA O -8B____Ae eB_____ C P___vBJq I iBQe

    B___jJb B_ B_ _mi C -9B___Aj pCi _ B_NB f_I B_OvA IC I C

    BR llA fJ eB -10B___C gG B____ __CjR

    Lj___ _j _A gG -11K__rA _J _ _A K_rMBnY

    mj C LBVY Ai C BY G A C jrJ B B}-12{ Y G Br B gHI Y mi

    [51/42 :irA]

    SJbA l NY NC B A ih A B B} -13{KA[179/3 :Aj E]

    {Au A N M C AJnY} -14[71/5 :fBA]

    {B Ajy G Uj C j C} -15

    [89/20 :]r Ah G NE AjJuA ArA C A A} -16

    {eAj[6/38 :x]

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    - 79 -

    fqA BE AB mjI I AE C iAZA G OYC gG} -17{n BDI

    [111/5 :fBA]

    Jz Z AM Bki B PBJ A} -18{ f Jz Z

    [81/20 :]

    {B V C BnA KnZC} -19[3/75 :BA]

    J Aa hA R MD B VA AafM C NJnY C} -20N AE hA mjA NY Alk AjzA BmDJA Nn

    {Kj A jv G C A jv[14/2 :jJA]

    {BnG A C Bu Yj Pih G} -21[26/19 :j]A e fM hA G A NmB R Ljy pBA BC B} -22

    { A NUA BIBIg A b [73/32 :WA]

    (L)

    ____yiD jN__ __M __ -23Lj__M __ B___IAjMG j_QC O_ B_jA :LjNA ,A :LAjMA

    BB OZJuC pBA C :OB -24B___f j___M C B____ B__n

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    ieC C K___vA ___nNm -25?-jIB__v G B___A PeB_A B_____ __J l__ jMD__m -26BjN_______mD kB_____VBI _____C

    BJY I jAA jzYC jUAlA AhC C -27f__ OC :PAhA fqC C

    jRJ AgG B Ujb ~iA lNn AeB G} -28

    { G a[76/17 :AjmA] ,gBq Aj (ARJ )__ f___C _ _ Li -29?-____m j__a B__nA __mj_vJN _fM C Aj__A I B -30?-B__m Ai B QfY fAj___Y O_ _ C _A B_C -31?-___A O____C jB__I B__

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    - 81 -

    lgA} nZBg}{A ~`O

    B_hY B__ A LAA jrA AYC BIAjG kAABBI IjA nA jrA BNUA

    j_ K_ B_IAU B_ C ,B__BI MA kAA fYC iBzA fM AgG__N B G jaE hY ,(jBn ) :BZZu B G jaE lA

    .(AjaDNM ) nA BA B G A OhY (jM ) :jaA:BBI G , l B , AfYA l B :B kAA

    BA () ,jA ,B , :IiC fYAA A kAU -CK l iBzA :K lU jY B ,B

    :BI jA G .aC jz B B iBIC :zA G Bk (()) g jNr NA k G ((B)) A fN -1 (()) g jNr vA N ((B))_I A A -2

    __BG OBY): fM j eU f hA lBU ((B)) l -3.Aghq G (()) l h ( B = B

    .(fM NM G) :N (()) BC .jq AeC fI M ((B)) -4

    _N KB_A afM B jRC .A vY BI K :jA .aC Kh :KBb jA l _NA _ B_ae ,(K_h) :j NA Bae

    .C ( u A) R fY

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    - 82 -

    N uBa y jA u Bae if KBbA BC.jA iBzA

    f_I k_ ,B__A AA fI BBmG n ,jnA A h jY.Q

    jRD_ (Lh_M ) :B__ ihA A A BI K :BA

    j_ _A _V _JA NA Q KBbA Bae___JA _NA _ _ B_ae if_ .(h_b ,h_aC ) :_NA.

    (B)_I BBvMA BIAjG A kAU -LB_MAeC B__I Z .C ,BRY ,C ,C ,BC ,N ,B ,B , ,G

    .B ,BgG :BI lA

    BjY ((BlU BNJ a )) BgG ,G :BIAjGB__mC PAeAI ,LABI jrA Ii B ,LAjA B:LAjG fI ;a I

    ,j_ ((B_ B)) B (())_ :PAg fM ((B ,B ,))G ,_M N_n _ B_fN j__rA B G BI LjM

    .(1)jrA LAU jJa CfNJ OIjC

    KYB__vM B , fNnM CjM B ,JJ jM ) :A BA RD.( z

    j_rA _ _zI jJ_A _ j_rA __ jRD ,Ah j BZA i (1)O_Y AgG _ B_NJQC B_ j_v __a A A ,jJA AlUB__ jrA mA B ,WNJ jBnA :O mA G (WNJ jBn ) jrA A u

    . B I Nu jrA G yC u mA G

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    - 83 -

    B__ zA , fNnM CjM B ,JJ jM ) :BRA BA RC.(WNJ jBn I lV Aja , JYBvM

    ,B__ BJA ,BlA fM BA :BC ,BRY ,C ,BC ,NLA_ _N _BA C _BlA _jA _ Kv J BM jBnM N) :g zN A (iA Ci a ) jrA

    .(AjM AJhM BRY ,jBnM Y Aja M = Aja IAU jrA C B K BA fM :B j_vJA B_ ,_BA __ KvA B .(oUC o B) :fYA

    .jrA ijzA G l BC ((AgG)) R B ,BI l_mA G B_JB _Bz __Ij ((C)) G J jrA BmC :C:BB KnY LjN BMAa fNA BA Bu ,jB

    ~j_ LB_N C) ,_I _ Lj_M B__ (JJ jM Ui C)KB_ (_ _JZuC jB_nM _ C) Cf__NJ B LjM BA j (jNqB.B__Y LjM B (oUC o BC) ,JZuC _I N k j_G B_zA h_Y AgH_ B_B haD_M _ jB_ _mA G __Bz

    .(JJ jM BC) :NBI Oy_ _JB O__IjC TfY (C ,B ,B) PAeA fYG Oe AgG

    .(`jNnM M B , jNnM M C) : K__ B_zI ,B_ B_ _vNM PAeA h_ |_I :B_ __I B_BvMA

    :I BAYC zI f .f BBvMA k BzI ,BBvMAB___ gG B__RY : (B__) l__MB__ ___ B_ : O_NA__MC B_JA ,_C _hB__NJQ h__Y PB___JQG :B_U

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    - 84 -

    KBI lA _UK_A B_C A_m ,f_N K_ Al__U BIAU B AgG iBzA l~j_ BN_mA _ j_C _ B_nC OfM B A BIB__I B C- A A C JJnA BI KvA S XjM |Y,c__G (..KJZM n ,fM jvM ,\VM fNUA) :A RD ,B_ jJ_a _A __ ( KR Aja jA A MA) :BRA BR= \_VM f_NUA) :if_ j_rI __ g lA .A j ,K

    .lA \u jrA jfM \u BRZ .(\VM fN H fNUA

    BhY B A LAA jrA AYC -e,BiBz ByB C ,yB C iBz IAU jrA -1

    :BVA AgG C BBI j LAA MD f ,ByB BiBz C

    .(j nZ ) :BlU KU iBz BB HnYA B BiBz LAA A ByB jrA B G_N _i k_ ,(l_M Pf_NUA G ,l_M j_vM G) :LAA lUO_lU B_yB B__iBz B G .(kM PfNUA G) lU A

    .(fm Aja f ) :lU BRA A B A:lU LAA V BVA AgHI C BBI LAA jNA AgG BC

    :_R _Q C B_A C AB_I jrA LAU BiBz O AgG -2__ KvA ,A lA A kBU ( jM \VM fN G)G) :_R j__rA N AgG .BNmA jA ,((C)) jfM,_jA e KvA lA kBU (BG ZN LBA CjM

    .IAU jrA BNmA fI G BNmA

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    - 85 -

    _N) :_R _ _I _IAU C j_rA __ fI iBzA B AgG BC_ __fJA lU kBU (f G fC BC BA G ilM_ B__A y hY N M ,i kBU ,IAU C jrA

    .IAU C jrA BB_ G B__ LAA A C jrA LAU C jrA h -3

    :KMjNBI BJA G ,hZA f B A C (\_VM f_NUA) K_A LA__U hY ej C fM :jrAC ((G)) _M __NA (()) fI hY k (\VM fN H ,fNUA) uA

    :(())N___mBY _ ._nD K_ G = _nD G O_JJUC G K_UC

    .BM mB = BM mBZ

    B_ _A _A _ B__yB jrA B AgG:jrA LAU

    :BIU hY LAA f.Pif G ifC ,ifC Pif G A ,\IAi jBm G Gj_rA _ _ _ _C LAV \v B A AgG BC

    :R AkAU hY kBU.((?AfBa BMC)) :Dm BIAU ((\ G))

    B_ f_ B_ B_N _ __I G BhY k :B LAA A,(_jM _ _J _) :__uA ,( jD J ) :R.((M G) :uA ,( G Y D G)

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    - 86 -

    nA jrA BNUA ___A) :(1)j__q N___mA G B_I f_ C K_ _nA LA_U

    .jC n G :lU J jrA LAU ,(jjaD_NA LA_U h_Y IB_n LA_A B_ __n jq NUA AgH

    :IBnA LA BNA ( fM B BIU)

    .jC A n G ,j n G A:jaDNA jrA LB C kBU jJa G XBN B B fM AgH

    .j = jC n G A BC

    AgG C BBI jrA LAU Ii -_I _N __IjM BI AjNA KU ,lV jrA LAU \v AgG

    .jr BIAU lU BfI A M ,jrA:I zI B ir j BA yAoNBI fI (()) ((B))_I fB , J , mA

    _ _fI `j_v B__eBu O G OD jBnM G :BNRCfI C j BmC G jaDMC B lM N ,V C n fv

    .Aja f n YjM C G jmC f fvM

    __ f v B G} : B ~B J (f) ifM f Ah.Ofu f :C {Ofv J

    :QQ yA fM B G Bz

    .JNn I vN BNJR BiBz DI (1)

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    - 88 -

    B BBa Z BJm A JMA AE h Aj hA B} -3{IgB G q BBa BZI

    [12/29 :PJA]

    iB y G rM MDM N -4f_ j_a B__f ,iB ja frA

    J__n _ _a B_MC G -5j_Y B_ KB__ :jk

    ____B __NA __ O__nf_iC _A fjN_n __N j

    B__ AiB___ _Ji A_n G -7

    A_e \Bu Am B KYBu C IA K

    _ __Ui f -8__l ~iA N_n B_NJRjk

    ~iA __ B NJM C O NmA H yAjG jJ B G} -9 M fA V A Bq FI MDN BnA Bm C

    (1) {BVA [35/6 :BA]

    {Bj Bn Bj BrA } -10[38/3 :BnA]

    B_ZA _ j_R if_ B_ (B_) ,(A_ _) :__ hZA (ONmA H) LAU (1).KmBA A A

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    - 89 -

    B_nbI B_b _ _IjI _ _ _I B_E f__A B m B BC} -11{Bi

    [14/72 :A]

    A__h B I jg q I BI jhA lCC} -12{LAh

    [8/38 :x]

    OqBU PDrU B -13jN__nM C f___ZM B_IBA I j

    __I B On B -14B____nA _____j ___ GxYA

    A Af Oz UA BC I I g B} -15{ B

    [28/28 :wvA]_ Aj_a _M C _Ii _n ,Af_ B_ __ C BC jM G} -16

    {NU[41 -40/18 :A]

    _Q _A _ __n NY jUD iBVNmA jrA fYC G} -17_n _ _Na G} ....{ _ _ D_I _g __D IC

    { Y A G Bq G z A [28 -6/9 :INA]fC Of BI m JvM G BI AYj Yi pBA BgC AgG} -18

    { AgG[36/30 :jA]

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    - 90 -

    _N C PB_ H_C _mjA _J __ Oa f mi G fZ B} -19__A lVm Bq A jz J K IBC NJ A

    {jBrA[114/3 :Aj E]

    nZA BmA AfM B BC YjA AeA C A AeA } -20{Jm g I NIA BI OBbM MvI jVM

    [110/17 :AjmA]{I Z B BI BjZnN E I BMDM B AB} -21[131/7 :AjA]

    ___ _jv A_M _ _ _Ujb A_UjaC _} -22{jv Q iBIeA jv

    [12/59 :jrA]

    (L)G BDI l pBA -23Aj____r j__q G ,j__b Aj__aBNeN__mA NA N e YA -24_ G O_u G LiBA

    j I AjIG

    AgG B_j DM BC -25-Aih_Y l__M B A ifM BG ZM :O -26(1)B___jz B__MD __ __J

    hA Kg IC

    ?-BkA jIB BYB A if NnM BRY -27jC B oIBY I jC B -28j___vM _aC j_v G _G

    VJA A fJ I jjU

    .BI RA ,NA :JA .BA jR j v (1)

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    - 91 -

    BI Ii BC B NmA -29?-_VN uBva JvM AgGBjr A PBnA -30__R __A f___ j_rBI j_rA

    BnY I jA fJ

    B___MDM B_MDM _C _a -31?-B Byj B j BaC_m B A PBI OB -32-G :OB_ ?B__f Aj B

    ((i B N , (lY) mC Ui jI BIC G)) -33rB fnA

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    - 92 -

    B}aA NRBI}

    Zy{A sZl}{A

    ,fB_a ,O_C :_R _j nU eAjC e mA .q ,jA ,Ah ,PjI

    ,f_I ,_Ui) :_R j_ _ _nU eAjC f B:R BJ C ,IBnA BmB jNA (A) J Am (q ,jC

    .(jrA B ,g),___uA _mA ,iB_qA _mA ,_A ,j_zA :J_m iB_A

    .AfBI evA jA ,j G BzA ,(A)_I jA

    Z}g{A -1

    . OC BC :R KB C KB C N I BjNNnA jBzA kiBJA jBzA

    AkiB_I Aj_y B_NA (B__C)_ (OJN BC) R I B kiBJA jzA,_I _N _ __ A J hA B jNNnA ,AjB__ (fN) jJA B ,(fN fBa) :B (fN) B R

    .(fBa) e (()) jfM jNNn jy jA iBzA

    :BJA G AlBU BJUA iBNNmA:MA yAA KUAA iBNNmA -C

    f__Y Cj___C) :_R _NA G f_nA _A _mA C _A -1jNN__n (KN) B ,(BC) jfM BIU jNNn (CjC) B (B KN

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    - 93 -

    j_y __B ,jVzMC (C) A mA h .() jfM BIU.(BC) jfM BIU jNNn

    :__R Aj_C C B_ B_iBz ,ej_A KB_bA G f_nA _A -2.(OC) jfM BIU jNNn B B (\IjM NmA)

    jNN_n j_y (Al__) B (BIC B jA G Al) :R A mA.(NC) jfM BIU

    jNN_n j_y (f_uC) B_ (BaC fuC B) KVNA u -3.(q) NA (B) e () jfM BIU

    _ f_ (_ o_ B_qBY Af_ __a) BRNmA BC -4(B_m Af_ B_ B_jA j__zY) B B B K BN BJ_A B__A mA e () jfM BIU jNNn jy Af Bif_vA _ e_ C ,B_m jyB_A Af_ :j_fNA IB_nA A

    .Bm izA Af :A A_ O_ (G) j_A O__eAi fBA BA h C j

    . G B G XBN PAeB OZJuD A JBA C ejA KBA G fnA A lBA iBNNmA -LAkA_U jNN_n j_y (Cj_) B__ (KNM NaC Cj aC) :R ejA

    (KNM) B ,aC e (()) jfM

    Cj_) O_ _ ,(_NaC) _ e__ (()) jfM AkAU jNNn jy.kBU (NaC KNM aC

    _zZA PB_vA yB_A _A _mA jNN_nA jB__zA h.JrA PBvA A BA BmD

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    - 94 -

    vA jBzA vNA jBzAB_ _ _N j_A C _A C _mA __ZM B vNA jBzA -C:B___ B_A B_A B_NA _R _g ,f_YAA _B _I _vNM

    :QQ AC jBy nM .(G UA IBa PjzY)__ BA IB C BA i G M jBy -1

    .(IC B OC ,N ,BN ,O) :LBA BM :n.(AfZM UC AgC JYC hA y AjC) :BA A

    .(fZM JYC hA y jC) :nA .fZM nYC :JBbA B

    .AfZM BnYC :RNA C,B_N) _A __A ((B)) BC BNA LBA jzA

    .SDNA A RNA f BNBI OvMA jYD ( ,NB_,_NA B_ :_QQ _ K__vA jA I jNr jBy -2,{_ B_ _Ii _e B_} ,_jC __Ii :R ,JA B ,LBA

    .BC DB_ _Ae j_Z B_I _vN B_ BC , BA BA jzA

    .BiAe ,AiE ,Ci ,BIBN :SDNA C A C RNA,A B_ f_N __NY BNy JrM f ,zM f ,A Bm (())

    .(BJVA ) :By KV Bm B AgG BC:_R ((B_)) _ j_A K_vA _jA __I jNr jy B -3

    .{B m BG BIi}

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    - 95 -

    :B A NnM B vA jBzA -L:j OC BC jA jBy -1

    ,B_C ,_C ,BNC ,OC ,NC ,BNC ,OC , ,B , , ,B ,.

    C _M C _J _ f_ B_ _vNA ((B_G)) _ K__v jy -2

    LB__a jY BA fN I ((BG))_ {fJ BG} :R LBa.

    BvA BvMA_NA j_y jB__zA jC ,B AjA f Ajy NUA AgGAgG K_vA j__y f jA jy ,KBA jz KBbA jz

    .NC LBNA :R BNUA

    _ C {f_J B__G} :R B fM AgG vNA jzA vB_ C (B_C B_G) :((B__G))_I jvY C ,{BG G AfJ M C} :G fI:_R B_B _N __ AfA C ,(BG m) R jC BRA jzA_ C (_n _N __n N) ,BG N ,BG Nk .sA BG :B hY C ,BG AfBa OjC :R J B _ __ BQ C B jJa AgG BRA jzA BvA BvMA

    NJ_nY = NJ_nY \UB_A ,B_G O_ = _N fvA) :R BMAaC,B_G N_m B_A :_A B__ B fM oJA f lN .(BG.nNA

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    - 96 -

    BYCC K_v C _i _ ,__ Om B J B jBzA -1h_A _ ,eB_A C _vA j_y G A B KnY jUG) ,(\UB__A fBa) R jJA CfNJA uC B C jJA CfNJA I C Ah_ f_A K__hA ,(JvA Bi B) ,(jBnA Bm,_J B_ _u o__ fI B DI BnA iBqG ,LAjG

    .jvA fNA MeBG PAeA Jr B_G ,_JMi B_ B__G fN ,G e Uj J jy -2 ,(fBa iBU IB ,iBU AfBa IB ,iBU fBa IB) :JMi BG ,B

    .JMi B jaDN ehY jzA (AfBa iBU IB) :B{_ N Lj_C _ A_fA} _R B_ _ f__N G e f

    .{AfA} A (fA) G e (()) jzB

    f_ G _g _ ,_ B ih j G e B:iBrI R evA BnA f j B

    _____jz ___Jz B___Jz B___ AgGBe Pj C orA LBVY BN

    iB_bNA f_vA _U __ ,fvA fB (Pj) jz o.BnA A (nA) e jzA DI BY N MI

    M B ih LjC G BJB Ui ,Uj jRC jzA fM AgGfB__ jzB .(iBU fj fm fBa jzY) :R g j j.fj

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    - 97 -

    BA ZNM ,BA I BBvMA KU mA C NA B Jm AgG:_R j_nA Ah_ _ _A _mA C __A M B JmBA jnA B_l eAel__M h .lA = , = , B j_A f_I eAl_M B__ AjR ( ) N (( )) jA jY fI

    .(f) N ((f))_G =_ _G) _N B__I JrA jYA fI BMeBk k Aj_A ,(_) _ B_jM (O_) __ BAlNA jRA ,(

    .Am BJA_R _NA B_ __ aAfA nA BBI BA vNM h

    .jA BY lBU A fYG hY (j)_R B_nI OJ_m AgG B_C ,\NB_I B__j k Bm NA B

    .KUA \NB (j jzY ,B BN)i_hA _ G ((_)) j_zA __BA A M -1 Y.B_ C Aej__ SA jzA B e A j B BC .A

    .NZq C BNZq BzJAf_AA h_ |_I __ XjA G f Ajq jyA f -2 Y

    uA Ah nA ,Bq fAA jM PAijzA ,AIBN B__G PD___C _NA AYB_I _Y _ _h B_ZA _ Aj_R _UTiC ,U fA BI BYA |I Bf ,jrA PAijzAB_ByC _JJA B_ BB_qC j_aC _U BbzM M fAA h

    .mBNA

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    - 98 -

    XAc{A

    (C)

    G ... ,Aj_ l_C B_ __ jRC BC iBZ JYBv B} -1{NU Aja M C Ii n ,Af B C BC jM

    [40-34/18 :A]

    {C C AB G J } -2[52/53 :VA]

    O_ f_ __ Yi BME Ii I O G NCiC} -3{iB B NC B lC

    [28/11 :e]

    { A nA A n Bq BH AM G}-4

    [137/2 :jJA]{ B NC AjJ NmA h A zNmA hA } -5

    [31/34 :DJm]

    ((BG Bq , BG A G)) -6jq SfY

    .(( nM G)) -7

    (BUfA G e jzA) jq SfY BfI BY f BG B -8j___N f_ B_nA f_A _Ii IC I j

    BMAiBU m O f -9B____C G piB____A j_____ B___Lj f I j

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    - 99 -

    BG iBhA BA fAhA BC -10_R C B__C IBnYC AfekjA

    __z KM n O U f -11B__IB __A j___ B_Bz I o

    B_IgB _ JY B -12B__ B__Y __JY B___ f_mBA Ae

    LO____ B__ AgG B__ B__ -13?-iB_______e G B______iB C

    [BqBY :i]

    Oy f PAA TiAA SBJBI -14jiB____fA j_____e ~iA B___G[fAfrA :jiBfA] ekjA

    A__ju I ?uA JY OjuC -15__ B__uA ___ _I ,`B_u B_j

    O_ f BG NJnY aC -16?-__YA ByBI ifu BUiCH_ _Af B AfA M -17?-__ _a _ h_A _I

    __Ag B___ B_ AgG _N B_ -18B____U ___C O___ O___ I i

    ~{l{A -2

    ,_re ,f_e ,fB__a ;R (1)j G XBNYA j y mA.JJY C ,jI IC ,YBA

    _nM __ BmI f uA mB ,B fI j fN iBA I BC (1).Ah iBqA BmI f (Ah) ,(A) BmI Oe (jA) ,uA u

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    - 100 -

    :AC G KjA B ((fYAA A g)) ejA B A.fIBA k jI IC A fJ :R ByA KjA

    P_ j_zY) _R _Nf _N _ D__M B UlA KjAG \_NA _ __J A lV ( B Lj f jvN JI.jvA B AA KnY Lj BRA lU ,n B B AgG

    PB_A _ Pif_ j__nA I () BRA lU B B.TRAjB__rA) Aj__q ID__M _R _uA _ B_ B_ eB_mA K_jA_ _J ,(Cj__A mA) BBj LBq ,A eBU ,j jI ,(jA,TRA PBA ifM A G C J B B NA NjY nA J (Ajq IDM) :(Ajq IDM jrI OJVC)

    .ByBI jU_NaC __ m IC BU) R m (C) C (LC)_I ifvM AgG AK_A fI C NjY C Ny C JYBu i e AgG ,(KJY C_ B_Af B__ cG ..eAfJA iBVA rA YBA fqjA :R

    .mAjaD_N _ ,O_q D_I PCfI fYA n QRA ONUA AgH,YB__A j I j BR I AA LBN :N ,mA KA

    .YBA BR IC j I j C ,BR IC YBA j I j C_Q ,_ C __ C Bu C BmA uA OB A jRC Ah_A |__I .AeU BjRC BC Bn A G O

    .j B C Bn B BjC C Oy eBm R

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    - 101 -

    _ (_nA __A) B ,vbq C B Pj NA A hS_Y _ J_r ,eAj__C ej B iBv oU C mA_Ag) _M (MB__ KhA) :M B ,nA (A)_I jA jA A__A G Bm B nA A ,KhA Ag (MB

    :B:AA pBUC C

    _IC ,K_hA :f_U _IC ,K_RA :_BQ ,f__mA :BmC ,jA ,aAC ,K_A :LB__A g ,KhA :Ag ,KRA :vA IC ,fmA :TiBA

    .pjA :BzA IC ,LjA :j C ,JzA :jB:jrJA A C

    ,j_v _ _ :_j ,jN_A :BBa ,A :JM.rJA :qBVA ,pjA :jn ,jA :jv

    .KnA A :BI I B ,A :BfA IC:BA C

    :_r C ,i_VA :iB_V ,\J__nNA :BZJm ,fZA :eB ,jJA :jI.jnA :iBn ,ifA :Bn ,PA

    KYB_u C Cf_NJ \Bu :((A))_I jB oA Ah

    B_ (__BQ VqC BmC) M Bz ((A

    )) afM ,BY.J BI I B Ah :M (KRA VqC fmA) M

    eB__k C SDNB jaC PfU AgG jvA A Ah.Bn fNIA BI I B B :R A A

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    - 102 -

    XAc{A

    (C)

    .j wY IC BI nC -1.jIe K Bn B

    __ e jzA) .j fA IAjC

    jV B G A jBj_ `j__U jIfA .jnA jR jJA a i KA ,IAjA B.(jJA

    __UC __ _A tj_ lN_A B_ -2j__ __IC f__n G ___I B_mBnY G Ln

    f__lM __I ___AaC O_J -3f_____f ____ B____ B____Ij Ln .`Bu JU :ff .Ui mA :flM

    __N Y B OC -3iB_J O_Y B__ XBVA OB______I B____Na B____nNA B____CiB___V O____NYA j__I O__Z

    IBA

    JnA iBJ iBJ NY Jm :iBJ Y

    (L)f__U j B l IA BC -5B____nA B____ ih_____ ___IC

    OBvA I pC

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    - 103 -

    ZBcA ~aA -3

    :iBqA BmC h , C nY iBqG BmI e BC ,g Ag ,Ag :jh

    C ,M BM ,M g M g :S

    .Q ,Q ,B :B.B B , ,Ah : JNA ((B)) Q Af BmA h JnM j_zA B_ j_vM j__vNM jY LBA B BZM___M ,B_ _JA Ag :_R SD_NA j_hNA _A _RNA eAj_A

    .NJ B Ag NJ B Ag ,B ZvA_M ,_JA _g f_ B_ :_R f_JA _ __f A BZM

    . ZvAB__ :R G iBrA jy iBqA mA JNA ((B)) I v C k

    .Ah :JrNA BI v B AjR ,C NC B ,AhC

    XAc{A

    {Ii B B g} .....{ N hA h OB} -1[37 -32/12 :m]

    {ZA C Ii f C} -2[5/2 :jJA]

    _A _l fI kBA g -3B___A ____C f__I s__AjjU

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    - 104 -

    |e}{A ~aA -4

    h M ,uA u nM I vNM BmI y mA_NA __NIA jC hA BU :R KBbA f e jJa A

    .MiBU BNyiC__u O___m (h_A) __I eAj_A Pef_Y _NA _ (_jC) _V

    f__I ,j BU :O D fYA q f B u_IB _uA _mA _ e_ jy N C A h e (()) jfM AkAU jNNn B ,B RM AeAjG BRDM AjhM_ fB_A (B) jzA vA fB (BNyiC) (1)(hA) LB_NA j_zYC :R Aij AiBU C Bj uA u M f .(NA)

    .(2)iAfA hA Ah ,f hA

    n ,xBA Bv eAjA w n :Bn uA BmA.jNr:uBA PuA -C

    .(A ihA ) A ,hA ,hA AhA ,hA :jh.(BA jhA j ) A MA ,NA BNA ,NA :S

    g ,Ag ,C ,B , :n jNrA PuA -L

    __ B :R j B ,Nl l B B M , -1. (3)fv ,NyiC nYC I RM

    .Nf :C (Of hA OCi) :R hY kBU I fBA B AgG (1).iAfA jNmA ,f jNmA :jfNA ,BA A BC h vA C A (2)

    .A BAj A BAj k jNrA PuA fBA ,fv :C (3)

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    - 105 -

    {__B A G KVNn A e f yC }B_ jJ f hA BA l BlC Be B ,M BuB__ I r B IAe a A} ,()_I

    .{IiC r Ui r.f B jzYC :BA j M ,B -2

    B_ _u :_R _ _ A__ ,j BA BI jJ .u LA fB_C IB :M ,B uA BmA I Ij ,B ,C -3hY OyC AgH]LjC C m ,zC C iAk ,NJJYC_C _ _m :_zA _ B_JA LAj__A kBU ,jzA BNu ifu

    .[zC

    _((

    _))

    C((

    B_))

    __I BN__mA BJm AgG u mA M ,Ag -4:fJ R ,iBq fAk M?B___ AgB_ :j_A D_nM CB_I _y C _z K_C

    .jBI (KC) B fIC h ,hA B AgBg B___U :_R Lj_M f_ :_ _f _J _ ,_BA ,g -5

    .jC hA jC

    . J VI uBa

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    - 106 -

    XAc{A

    (C)o__A _VA _ B_yC _hA B_iC B_Ii Aj_ _hA B_} -1

    {mA B BAfC OZM B V[29/41 :Ov]

    {~iA PABnA fVn A C jM C} -2[18/22 :WA]

    {~iA B PABnA B \Jm} -3[1/61 :vA]

    { kjI MD BB kC BC j} -4[19/18 :A]

    {BN YjA fqC C q l Q}-5[69/19 :j]

    B__JA A BC BYBJu C -6BA jvA B oA jA

    _____BA f___ ___J G C -7B___lA l__ Ah__ __lY ___hA fB IC I C

    (L)B__J _ A K_Y B_JYB -8_J _ Y BB OY

    VA

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    - 107 -

    f___U __IC B__ B__A H__ -9O___ g Pj____Y g j__IBA Bm

    (|A) _I uZl}{A -5

    ,__fA ((A)) B_n _ ._jNA _MeBD ((A)) _I O_vMA _mA

    .nA((

    A))

    jC) R Ae j PiBu jI OvMA AgG :fA ((A)) _ ,__I Aej JBb ef (Ui jC) M Z ,(UjA

    .f jA fjM O f (UjA jC) B_G} :B__M A jg e Jm AgG Bjg fA_v ,_mi _j _G B__miC B AfBq mi G BmiC

    .{mjA j B_J gG} :_R JB_bA B__gC BZ B AgG Bg _A} :_R AjyB__Y BIZv B AgG BizY .{jVrA OZM

    . NC hA A Ah C { e OCeAj__C ej I , I eAj mA aAfA :nA ((A))__ eAjM C BG {V BnA a} :BM R oAeAj_C _ _rN ,_V B_nG _ a :IBnA BRB Y ()

    .oAf_M o_A wB_va _ _rN AkB__ () eAjM C BG

    .BY BnA OC :R BJA

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    - 108 -

    nA ((A)) , B Y fA ((A)) jNAjA fI A OB Ah , j B j Oae B _ j_A O_Ci) :_z _j B__JYBu BAe BY fA (A) _IB_Aj B_Y _M C k_ _nA ((A))___I jA fI A ,(eAU

    :R BAj u M C J__n __A ___ j_C f__ :O_ O__Q Oz

    :k j k M ,j j fAk ((A)) B :hM(__A) __A ___ _R _jA _A C _NA _ :_kB

    .NA ,hA R uA BmA C C ,l A PA nA,B_ A A__aeA) : ghq Pei NA :kAjC j__ BAe BA ,BY BN (BA) (A) _ ,jA BA ABU

    .jA

    pB__JA ___R _u _ _A _A C B_MeBk _m _NA CB_ B_ ,__zA R ifv C ,BZzA nA nA TiBA

    : jrA PAijzA xBa jIA PBI N f

    :jBrA lNA aAfA ,iBvA DA jIC BIB____U O___j C B___ ___NCij o B oA OJ Pefu

    eAfA jMf_ _R _G B__zA Oj BBz B H efA jM PeiC AgGl_A O_j B_Jj B_ G ;__IA BQA nM ijA KNA n

    .Zu jr JnA BIBN jr nA OjNqA :A

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    - 109 -

    _QRA j_zYC :_R B_ __ClA Oj B B B G.AiBe nA

    sZl} {G uBg}{A -6

    _jNA OJ_nNA IB_nA __nA PBjA fYC G jA OyC AgG:KMjNBI BNRC G ByA hI

    jB_m hA LBN Ah LBN fBa LBN f A IBN.jA LBN

    AX{BI uZl}{A -7

    NI AfA AhI j \JuC ,BI NeB B jA Pfv AgGBj_q B_I OJB_a AgG _ j__ (jq) .BI BBG zA_j (j_q) PiB_u (?_ZNA _C j__q B ) :O BC

    .evA jBI Om AfBI ejA iBA B O

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    - 110 -

    X`}{A XZO}{A

    :QQ ,ejVA mA uC fAk jY BA mA -C,_J :B_NRC h_ AkC jr N Ui R QRA ejVA -1(_ ) k B_C .__IG ,K ,vY , ,Yk , ,N ,Ui ,Y

    .fU eB ( ) k ,J mA (e) R AfU :BNRC Nm AkC BIjA ejVA -2

    .(1)j ,ie ,KZ ,lj ,jI ,j U,__h ,Uj__m :___IiA _AkC _RC h_ _mBA ej_VA -3

    .(2)YejU ,tjZUeB_lA:(3)jR_C C j_Y _uC G __yC B flA mA -L

    : ,LB_JU ,_m :__R uA jY jY iAjNI A -1

    .(\u ,f ,KU ,m :PBA h uC) , (4)\Zu ,ef _ _VA j_rA eB__lA jYC fYC ByHI BRA -2h__ uC cG ...XjYfN ,Nn ,BNUA ,jM :R (BNDm)

    .XjYe , , ,j :PBA

    .KNA j A ,jA ljA ,jvA jA jA (1).eAA YejA ,kVA tjZA ,bzA A :hA (2)

    _ _A B_ _ |__N BI MC B ,fAk BNA On ,(f) ifv (f) R BC (3)j_ ~__ jY BNB ,jaA BM By A BhY B (Af f) uA gG ,AA

    .fAk.ffrA A \ZvA ,BJA efA (4)

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    - 111 -

    j_YC _ _A B_ (_) _R __A eBlA B N f_A eB_k B_ (Lef_Z) _h ._uA B__A iAjM B eBlA_AfA _ o_jj ,((Lf_Y j_YC B_uC)) Af_A iAj__M AA

    .((pj jYC BuC)) A BA iAjM fAk BA B ,ffrA_A BN__mA fI G jY eBlI ,AfU jR flA AkC

    .A uC jYC QQeBlA eC

    :IiC eC A jA eBk f((B___j C B_uC)) _A j_mC |_I f_AlA j_A _m -1 eUj_ (_A) __ ,(j) eU j (AjG) lB

    .(PgDN A OC AgG = IA OY)

    B_ ,_A _uC o_ __ fAlA jA f C -2,_fNA _ f_M Aj_G _ l__A ,BA f Pfk (B).KA f Nn BNA nA

    __jA AkA __ Xj___a B_uC j_A f_ _ C -3Ah eU f fAk KRA BmC (M) A BNB BmA

    .BmA kA

    _ QB_A N_rA j_A Ah_ __R eBk jRM C ejM C -4,eB__lBI (UjA A = SJjq) AY f :fBA_ _A h_ B_RC f_Ak _M __uC jY fI A h pj_A _ZU _ gaD_ __ (rA = ZU) :R PBNrA

    .rA jBA PAg Bj

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    eBlA ~AjC:MA ~AjA B Ajg

    .Yi ,e ,LBZm :R A jYC fYDI PvA f -1jV__q = _J) ,(_by _ = jR_ J) _R j_A j_RM -2

    .(JnA by

    PAh__A _ f_N (LiB_y) _A eB_l ,f_fU _ eB_G -3B_ _ _NA PAhA f (Ljz) AA A eBk ,BA_C Ah_ .__Aj iBG fN (PBNA) A BNA ,A

    .eBlA ~AjCB_NA Pf_k (f_) _R _A B__ BG :h |NA -4B_M _R __A BG ,(f) BC hZA AA ~N AjaE BG ,(AG) uA gG A NA AA ~ (BG)_uA gG A_A _ __NA A ~ (IA) C R A(B_lM :_M) k _ MD_ C pB_B (_k) if_v __R ,(I)

    .lM :AB BNA B Ay A J NA A BA AhZ:_R __jvNA BY haDN I kA ,BA -5_ZA (ef_ ) ,(j_U)___I ZA (iC) ,(Ujm)_I ZA (fa)

    .(1)(jI) kI

    :j j eBlA B eBlA I Ah.BJB B B BA eBk fI A J -1

    .(BNDm) jYC M C BA eBk jNr -2

    .iBA fBA ,BJA :efA ,IA BjM jVq iA ,jm :fa (1)

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    ,B_j _g K_ _Y _ B_R B__A eBk fM -3eej__) BeA K BI BBeG k (ef) (fa) AfBK BfM (KJU) ABJA h ,(fqC) (ej) BZJvN (efqC

    .BJC :\JvN (BJJC) BR BeGeBlA yA

    :MA yAA fAk (BNDm) jYC M,Xj_C :_R _uC __QQ BM AgG A C fAk M :lA

    jC ,KgC ,zCjRD__ uC QRI Jn Bm C fI A jaE fAk M

    .Mi ,Bvj ,BJC ,B :R:BBRC MA PBA uC M Ah

    __QQ B )) C ,BC ,C ,( uC B ) ,oC ,C,B_ ,B_n ,((__uC IiC B)) jbuG ,JuG ,((fAk BfYC jYC.((uC J BG uC BG Ah , uC A J )) B

    ,MB_ ,B__ :R jRD uC QQ M Y fAk M :Afj___mA ,kB_Ja ,jR_J ,_iA ,_A ,pB_j ,_JY ,LBZ_m

    .(NA)B_ AgH_] (IjN_A __nU) BIiC :R BmA G IBm eAlM

    .[LB ,LBI ,Be ,B :R uC J OB BjY Bf__Ak OB uC jRC OJZu H ;B A eAlM :AA,K__qr ,A ,jM ,kV ,fU ,(y) Y ,Wm :R

    .(Ki) A ,BIiC ,(Le) V ,n

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    ,(LAj_nA) __A :R uC jRC B B AgG fAk M :BA_A) _ihY ,(Lj_yA) D_i ,_i ,j_R ,j__m ,y ,Ljz,oB_ ,O_nM ,_Bi = _I ,(B Ni) Nm ,(A

    .OmA uC .(jJA) Alb_A R BmA G IBm BA M

    .(i I ) R_h A_R ,_uC _ __uC IiC B C O AgG :YBn jVq ,jJA lV BnA ,BJA :BB (iNnA) I

    .eA B __ ___Ae ,(K_NM) _iBz j_Y B_A AeAj_A eAl_M :B_NAh___ ieB_v (j_nM) _BA _ (AIjN_YA ,AuB_) iB_rA

    .iBnM :R BJA AfA ieBvA ( ) ifv ,BA

    ,(_Ae _Ui) BJA C ,(OB B) SDNA f AjaE eAlM.(A ,BrA) A C ,(IiBA) JnA C

    .B_ieBv (NmA ,NA) iBvM ArY BMeBk ej hP_ B__RNA ,(ifA) BVNA :R BBm fM B j Pfk

    .(jVq) KvM PJ.(NmA) u AeAjA eAlM :nA

    (B_ ,_C ,_M ,_g) iB_qA B_mC _ AeAj__A eAlM :A.(fJ fk) BBm

    ___yAA B_mA C B_MeBk ej_M .B_A eAl_M :_A.A BA BlA A BA BmC A ieBvA nA

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    ik ,(AjI) we ,(jA f) pBj R ArY eAlM C .(A mA) fq (ikC)

    ,(KN) j N iBz jY A BMeBk ejM :A(_ ) _R ,B_JB (_jYA ,j_nA) _BA __u ArY eAlM:_R _uC _QQ B_J __C fI AjaE eAlM . SJjq ZV

    .B ,BJq ,BR ,Ajm.[(Lja r e BC) R uC M g j ]

    f_ ,_BuA C eB_lA _A _fA _Y __ g fIB_nY ;(f_mC) o_ ,(j_m __B) n ,I BMeBlI AY

    .(jvA B) Bf_A j_Y C _A j_aE __jY BJ On B AeAjA eAlM :BA

    B_ AieC B_} {_IBN PC _ _N B_} ?__ ? :R A Y,_j Aj_C :AB__ NqA B (AiC) A BMeBk m .{.PBC :AB (C) BBm BeAk .Aj e

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    - 116 -

    XX}}{A fw}{A Zew}{A

    \_Zu ,x_ ,i_v G j_aA _jY iB__JNBI mA n.ef j C ef

    _rNnA _NA :_R _k D_I __N Lj mA ivA -1:QQ A h AC

    BuC R NA D ,uC B C uC A JA A :Aj_r _I B_J B__N : jnNA C RNA f uA Ah j ,BA_v B_MB :_RNA f_ _ gG A B_uC _R B_vA __C ,BN

    .BN_Ui :_M _z _JY _Jz __R SDN flA A :BRACj_A _zA _UjA G ON_mA ,B_JY B__MB ,Jz CjA BJz

    .zA_NA __ BZA U \v ,B eAlM NA A :SBRA_N B__MeAk LjA C AeA BG ,SDN uC J B_C Pf_k gA _a waB_rA _A (j_ hA)__ ,__ k _C Pf_k __IA BjM j jVq (iA),(ie) k N

    .(jU) k _R B_J B_ i_n _k B_ j_aE Lj mA xA -2

    .(rNnA BZA yBA)._e ,_J ,iBzZN__mA iAfU R efA j \ZvA -3:_R f__Ak C fI l jaE Lj mA efA \ZvA BC

    :IiC lA h AC .BI BnY

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    _ (Cj__) (Aj Ui) R A I uC l :A. (y) By CjA ,n

    (__ ) () R B C uC A J l :BRA__uA (z z) (J I) (Bz BI) ,() BuC

    .l BNJ Bm C fI BA AA OjM B ,(Bz BI)

    (Aj_za) _R Aih_ Aj_Zu _R ,SD_N f_l l__ :SBRA.(jzaC) Sl_ H_ ,__A Kv (BJ) R B fl l :IAjA,SD__N A I uC J On A h

    .(pBj) kI Z A \JvN Pfk BG AB

    QQ BYC

    ifvB ,jaE J B \N Nu zNM B jvA pB -1:__R BA lA mB ( ,yi yi) vBA BAD__ PAiB__A) (eB__vA __ j___ZJA) ,(f_A _ _A)_A _ _A if__vA BA BlA mA A mB ,(tYA,eB___A , ___A) __R B__mAfm C B__mB C B__ B__BIi wB__A

    .(rNnA

    ieB_v ,B_C B_jaE _J B_ _ _u __ pB efA BC,B__IG __IC :___R _mAfm C _mB C OB_ _BIi _vBA B_AAfA vBA QRA BA ieBv ,BNmA NmA ,BuA uA

    .JA Br KhA A :R Ae C Pu

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    _ j_ B__nA Aj efA ivA g m B BC.PBVA

    ,j_A K_vA _jA B__ C Om ivA mA AgG -2B_J _A j_Y h_Z ,__NA jaE A jY BNU g

    :jvA fB.((A jY hY jY BfYC BBm NUA AgG))

    _NA _A O__jY BvA h) B R ivA BmA B AgH.(Yi OjY Bv h) :A \JvM (YjA

    _BZ _JM _ j_A _jA B_ h_ZN __ AgG xA BCB_mA B__ AgG (fA yBA iAk BZA Ah) A h ,KvA

    .(f ByB iAk B Ah) :\JvM B uA

    :R efA mA jv C G jBrA jz f -3j_nA B_ G B__u fI(1)j__Ie e__ ___ _ _

    .Bm ijy ,jrA ijz Bjv kBV (Bu) eAiC: R ivA f BC

    ___ B____C h__A __mB____ f_____ j___ ___

    .n o ( ) fj

    _YjA B_NYBI j_ `jM hA A :jIfA ,nA A :eA (Y fNqA) : (1).jnA f

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    N}{A ZyY}{A

    A A kBVA A

    kBVA A_R _Y j_h ,A_A pBA pBUC jh AfA mA

    .BJ Q _R __Y S ,AA pBA pBUC S AfA mAB_I _uBa __u BmC iBqG BmC jBy B .BMC OI_ OB_a __NA OJA h ,BBJ Q eBuA hA A Ah :M

    .BMAj_hA B B BzJ S jh B o NA BqA I BC

    O_I :__R kB jh B PuA iBqA jBzA ALB_N __ ,jzaC Kr BC NI :N , Kr LBN.fU

    :_R kB_ S_ _ B g SA B B BzIiAe B__C _ _Zu _NaC Cj_M :_N ,_BJ ei _Zu iAe

    .Aj ei BfI fAk BJI .mA

    A SA A SA_IjA B__NA)) SDNA PB fYG mA A SAB_jk _Z :_R j__h e ((efA A ivA A

    .Bj iBqA jBzA jhA B B .(Ui mA) jrI

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    eB_m :_R _ S_ SD_NA PB__ fYG BA SAiB_qA jB_zA _A S_A _B B__ ,Ui oq feB_m B_jDM C J jvA f orA O :M ,PuA

    .iBVA iAfA afI

    JM

    __j iAfA I ,kBVA SDNA jhNA j fB B oB_mA |_I C _Y ._A K_N G UjB__I ,BnA gB__ \_vN c_G ..j_A Aih_A _nA _jA :_R S_ j_h__j UjA .mA jA h C mA jA Ah :N BNBA

    .A PBVA g_ _ __ SDNA BmA |I C Y B

    PB_vA |__I h ,(lA A f) bm Bq Y :R nA.(BA fN) Ii CjA Ii Ui R

    TRA SDNA PB:~AjC Nm fM IjA BNA:A A -1

    B_R B_jh _I B_j PB__vA afM Y g :SDNA -C.B ,rNn ,yB ,BI :R

    Cj_A B__nG :A ei f ,fBA BmA ZM C BnBI wN B vA OB H .BN ,iB ,(UjBI JrN) Ui:__R BNA PBvA h jRC Oj h ,BNA fB B

    .yj ,(ANBI MDM) N (BC PAg) ,KQ ,B ,|BY

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    f LjA m B G BBRC PBvA h BNA afM C k .yj :AB

    :SA jhA B Nn BNA BafM PBv AkC n B

    Ah_ :_M ,_Y ,k_V ,i__Ju :R B () k -1.(1)iJu kV MCjA kV Ui

    _ f_M _j C _u J_m G (__) ( ) k -2.N CjA \jU :R nU:_M,o__JA Ak BNA afN j u B AgG BC

    .N YjU Nm AfA ,\_Ig _B :_R ,_ BB AgG ( ) Bk hI Z

    .NA Km LBRA h

    .[B pB ZN f va :m]A_ ,(j__R C jNA jR) iB ,iAh :R B k -3

    .(Zv C \v).[B pB ,nM B I M :B CjA :m]

    j_R) j_n ;(j_R C j_NA j_R) j__ :R k -4.(j nA

    .[fBA n CjA :m f ,j ,n :hq]

    _BJ B_BN _ B_C ._fu Bfy IBN B BNA AaeC (f) hq (1)B_ fB_A B_B _ __IY Ii BC . Ui : jhA BI u ,SDN

    .B (I Ij :)

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    .(q R Af) r Ui : -5Ah__ : BI u Y ieBvA SA ihA Nn:Y

    .Y z M Y . JNA IBNUA J BBC Bq Da ieBvA BNA BaeG_JA pB__UA BmC BNA ZM :fYA BMeBG BN BRA ~jA -L

    f_YA B_M B_ B__ ,A fYAA I jN ..j jQ jVq :R.j jQ jVq :R,__m m ,J J :g ei B ,PBvA ZM C

    .jUE jUE ,jU jUAi O_C :_R :PB_vA _ZM _Y BJA BMeBG BN SBRA ~jA -_U

    .BI Ae :h ,IB aC IB A ,Ai BaC

    __M BJA AkC afM Y g :BJA fM IAjA ~jA -e.B g B Ah:_R B_ :j_nNA B__ C KnA B fI B oBA ~jA _

    .re :B (re G Jn) qBe:B__ f_I (f_nA _ `B_VZU) _ _ZUBZU :_R B_RA

    .eBk :IBM ,(fk) eBk ,\UBZU

    B_ _ B_y B_G :h_ j__Y |N B peBnA ~jA -.(f BuC) f :R A

    .(AG BuC) BG :R A By BG.( BuC) :R A By BG

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    _k :_R (_M _ ) k _ wB__A ifvA B fI BG.(BlM :BuC) lM

    _vA O_e AgG .i_vA _A :SD__NA B :BRA A -2k _ j_h(_) k _ OB_ _NA C __a JrA:BJq ,U :BU ,Bi :Bi ,r :Br :R S ( )

    .Jq

    uBa On SDN vA h BmB Oae ivA A h:BAkC ,jR A hI NA BmA AkC I ,BI

    .(y mA) J q ,(AfA) IiA R : -1j__rI ,(__u) __JY ,(_JA iAj_YC _ O_J) _I :_ -2

    .(ifv)

    .(jm B) rI ,(jm iB) fY ,(mA) ejI : -3.Jz , ,yj : -4.(IA ffrA) e ,iBm ,(jB) iBJY :B -5

    .(BJA) nA : -6.(jNbJM r) jJm : -7

    __Je :B_Ij _) :_Ij ,(jB_ :_VY _) _VY :_ -8

    .jg ,l ,(N_ kB_ __l :R SDN B D kA Ah B]

    .[A.(SY) RRY ,(Bh) jV : -9

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    .(jlA A B) j ,(ihY) ihY : -10.(NaA) a ,(l) l : -11

    .(jB) iBzY ,(BNJ) iB q ,kBJa :B -12C _ _ _AfA PBvA S BMeBk pB M :efA A -3

    .AiY :iYC ,Ai :iC ,Aju :juC :R k C A K

    ,B_gC :_g :R jaA NA BmA () pBM B.cG ..BJC :J:B PBvA BmA jR BAkC

    _ _mA) B_j ,(_Ji :if_v) B_Ji ,(_mA) Aj__Zu : -1.(C j S) ,(C RC) Aj ,(PBJ

    .BJC ,BIiC : C -2.Bvj : -3

    .AiqB ,BmBM :B -4.(KzA jZU BIBI) BB ,BuB :B -5

    .BjJ :B -6.Bn ,(y) BU ,( la LQ) Ajm : -7

    .(jNA ) BRj : -8.Bna : -9

    .(cq ) Bar : -10

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    : IiC efA ivA A I jNrA AkBAjZu jm : -1

    .BU IiC : -2.BU l : -3

    .BIiC (B e) UC : C -4

    __ ___ _A MB_ fYH_I _NA PB_vA C _A :_JM.SDNA j D B B ,jvA

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    B}ByRC n}O{A

    _RA ,_C B__N iAfU R fYA e B ejA DI iBA jh_ B__ C C eBlI B N NQA C QA e B

    :C G (iAfU G N fI BMBN PfNmA) RG B_v K_g ,B__N Ah R B C KM ivA mA -1

    R AA KN A BuC RBQ C OB AgG G .Be B rNn.N v OjNqAf_ j_f B_ Ah_) _R __N BA hZA xA mA -2.(l yB f Ajf BB Ah) :RNA B ejN (l ~B

    AA K_N SD__N C OB AgG G BY R efA mA -3(1)B_J j_A _ B_n OjN_qA AB_y AAj_ Ah__) :RB_ ,B_ik _NY f_ O__Ci ,BMju AAjZu BMB ,iBU

    .(AAiY AlAf_lA B_n _R uC JA efA A AkBUC YC AB_n AB_J _ C B_ B_zC AA B__J C BJ R B

    .ABn ABJB__ B ,jz BNyC AgG (BN ) ,BNQA BQA :RBI Z

    .jA IA R

    :__R BG ByHI C ej iu jNI QA jRC e B A.PBN :BN ,ZUB :\UB .iu :iu.jnM Bm S Bm jh :QQ

    B_uD B_n l__ BC ,B Pfk C C ivA S fM f ,A Kv BJA (1).BnA SA On (PBNqC ,PBI Bz)_ Ah .Pn B A

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    BnA jhA -1__) R jA BY A eBlI QA jRC e B ZUBA Pik) R jA KvA BY B C (MiB G ,O__Ci B Y ejA jN .(Zqj Bi LBbNA

    :C,_A _J B_ _ _ZNA __JM Y C nM ivA -1G eB__ AB__ __v ___) :eB_ _v _ _

    .(BZA__ jn AA BJ B z A f B h xvA -2

    .(fA B jzY) BA:QA fYC C BBm Ajh B \BvA mA jNr_ _mA _hA)) B_Y f_ZA jzY :R B jh B -1

    (J_m Lj_ f_) _R B_Jj _ C jN__r ,((f .B l R BNI jN_r ,_j f_ L__ R B jh Bu -2 (k_V j__zaC) ,OCi B SDNA BM af \vM C vA_A Ah_ _ B_ ,B_NBI B__RM B Bm jh B B

    .( IB) R BNBI vNA PBvA

    ,B_I _vNM B_NA C _ BB__m jh VN vNA BmC BC.(jA BUjBI Pij) :j_hA _ _B Lj__A BB jrA Nn j PB BB_ j__vN ,A BBI BjU BJv A ABI Bj BnA

    :BjqC BnA jhA PBZ nM

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    ,jr ,IA , ,B ,m ,I ,C ,yiC ,Ch) :R ,nM ,BQ ,Jm ,Nm ,n ,IiC ,QQj_r f_I B_n C _ BQ BC BQ AJ BC OBm yiC

    .(mBnA SA -2

    (PAf__N PBJB PCj) R BM C eBlI QA jRC e B:MD B G OCi B ejA iu jM .(PBB PBN :B BN) :SDNA BM hY -1

    PiAk)_ _ RA B B B C KM ivA -2___RBQ _A OB_ AgG G ,(PB_rNn PB_f PiAk :_rNn f_

    .(PAyi) :BN mA (Byi) ,AA KN A BuC

    PB__N) :B__y B___N _ _RA _NB B_ ef_A -3PAAih_ :B_nY Aih_) _ _ ,_uC B__Ml (PAByC (PABn) B C kV (1)(Bn) BC SDN BC (PABnY

    .(PABn),fV_m f__e) :R (( )) C (( )) k NA BmA -4PAf__e) __ B__ \___NI B_ _A _ZZu OB_ AgG (_J

    O_n _u B_ (J) R A Ah \v .(PBJ PAfVm.(2)jZN BBQ (i) ZZu j B () ,mBI

    .RC mA B AgG (1)\_NA (PAf_ PAf_) :B_ B__BJMG jnA ,nA BIA (f) R m (2)

    .(PAa PAa ,PAa) :a h ,(PAf)

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    :B AgG BNA BI S mA ej.Kk eBm f R R B -1

    i_vA _A B_NA _ SD_NA PB_ _ I Na B -2PB PBB) VN (BnY B) R efA A

    .(PABnY

    .PBie PBJJY PJU :R BA j jv -3.PAef BC PBBq BJU R BA j u -4C P_JuG ,PB_B :__R mBA jnM ej B -5

    .PAjU :R VA BmA.PBBG ,PBjM :R jYC QQ ifvA -6

    PAg E PB_I :_R ((g)) C ((_IA))___I ifvA BA j mA -7

    .fAPAB__m PV_m PB_C :_R f_M B_ j_ _ _ ei f_

    . jvN PBMI ,PBUi ,PBqS_A _ _B (PB_j ,PB__igC PC) R LjA OB

    .(1)PBigC zA PC PBj G PBUBY :BnA

    jnNA -3((eB_ :K_f ,B__JU :JU)) R ej iu PjM _ jR_C ej_ ej_ f__ ,Bk jr fYA AkC .jnM

    j_ _ _BA B_C (PB_ie) _A B__C BA BI M AiY ir fI PBigC (1).AiY B uB (Bie) B BC

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    - 130 -

    __ fl B BG .BnA g iAfA ,.jrA B jR BG jrA

    :zI O AkC IiC A -C___ __ C B__DI D__Ief____A ___ ___eA j___

    (( )) k BnA QRA A :Bq A Ah : C -1

    .uC :u ,UC :U hq .KC :K ,oC :o R.C ,igC Aig :R jY RBQ S BIi BRA.fNC eBN ,LjC LAj Ah ,jh ,KqC LBq :hq

    ,B__C ,eBzC ,BC :R QRA BmA A Ah :BC -2k G ,cG iBC ,eBC ,eAjC ,dAjC ,eBkC ,PBIC ,LAQC ,PBC ,BC

    .LBiC Ki :G (()):f_ ,eB_qC :f_q G k_A Ah__ B n PBvA BC

    .AgBq Ah Af ,UC :U ,AfC:_R f_Ak f_ j_Y __RBQ BIi mA A Ah : C -3_i ,j_C iB_ ,_C B__ ,JvC LBv ,fC e

    . jrA BJA f AgBq C B R Af ,iC.g ll \Zq (gC lC ZqC) PBvA m

    .Bm cq bq N R : -4:A N u Af Bk jr Jm jR :BBYC jRA -Lk _ h__A BR ((C)) k NA JrA v : -1:Ai_Y i__YC ,Xj :BUj XjC ,jza :Ajza jzaC R (())

    .iY

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    iJu Ui R (()) k NA PBvA A r : -2_ra __ K ra BUi hq .j Bn i CjA ,jJu BUi

    .K:R SDM BNI jNM f jY BRBQ NA BIjA Bm :BRA_ (_Zu K_ra) h_q ,ig Aig ,f e ,ijm jjm

    .Zu Jra.WVY VY j j R ! -3

    .WVY VY , R Bej ! -4.(1)Al kB ,Bz ~B :R wBA BA m : -5

    MB_ ,jZ__m jYBm :\ZvA B jh BA m : -6.N

    __yj :__R gC ___ _Ae _ k _ _v _ :_ -7_R _C C ,B_ _ _ __R B B BBYC M YjUC. C

    ej_ ,_JIe Le __R (( )) C (( )) QQ m : -8.ej

    fUB_m _i __Ai :R A \ZvA B B : -9

    .l kB :R NA m .fVm.LBN KMB :A ZZu B k v :B -10

    _jvA fB_A _ __C BNJ BJ B \NA AA BA Oj B ,l z uA (1).jA

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    K_ u :_R _v ,B_JU _JU _R m B :B -11: ej ,LBu

    .LBi Ji B :R A \Zu BmA -1. iBI jI ,LBg Kg R Bm j BmA -2

    .`Bi \i ,`Bi \i :R B A BmA -3

    _v LB_ K_ :_R _A _ZZu _mA __ C -4.Bv_j :A_ _ :_R _A _NZZu _Nu -5

    .Aj,B D :R C ,tB Br R u -6

    .xBa Bva R C ,Af (1)Bf R C

    ,B_ B_u B_ B_u ,B_i Ai :_R AgB__q fM B j Af,TB__G _RC ,x_ x_ ,`B_I :\_IC B_ZI ,eB_U f_U.iBr Ajr ,BJ J ,BJm Jm ,Bv v

    : ej ,eJ L R : -12.i j , R mA -1

    .T S ,L K R A A j mA -2

    . , , Y :R mA -3ej_I ej_I :__R A C A N z j mA -4.eU fU

    .f R (fA ) Bf BC ,f Bf S (1)

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    ,V_q V__q ,emC fmC ,kA Ah pBA j MC B.(( )) B , ,ig

    : NA Bm : -13.BJu LAu ,BIj LAj B :R B -1

    .Aeju eju ,AgjU gjU :R -2

    i_ ,Al_k ,Af_ e__ ,BNY PY R A -3.AjiB_ ,AjU iBU ,BVM XBM ,BJI LBI :R A -4

    .Ajj_a ,l__ Al ,Au u :pBA Ah j ei B

    .BJu Ju ,By y ,Bja

    : NA BmA : - 14.Bi i ,BJR KR ,BJz Kz R -1.Ajg jg ,Y :R A \Zu -2