Trng i hc cng nghip tp. h ch minhKhoa cng ngh ha hcB MN MY V THIT B HA HC---------------------------------------------------

BO CO THC HNH

B MN:K THUT O LNG V T NG HA

GVHD: NGUYN TIN TSVTH: PHNG MINH TNMSSV: 11046851 LP: DHHO7NHM: 4 T: 3HC K: 3 NM HC: 2013- 2014

Bi 1: iu khin nhit 1. MC CH TH NGHM:M hnh th nghim ny cho php nghin cu qu trnh iu khin nhit . N l mt m hnh iu khin n gin, bao gm: u d (sensor), b iu khin v b gia nhit.M hnh ny cng cc trang thit b cn thit c dng kho st:Cc thng s ca h thng iu khin vi cc khi nim: khuch tn tnh, hng s thi gian, thi gian tr.Xc nh cc thng s iu khin bng phng php Proda2. BO CO TH NGHIM:2.1. Kt Qu Th Nghim:a. Xc nh cc thng s c trng ca h thngBng 1: Gi tr nhit o c tng ng s thay i ca OPOP %PV(oC)

033.5

1035.2

2037.7

3038.1

4038.3

5038.7

6038.9

7039.1

8039.4

9039.6

10039.8

b. Xc nh cc thng s iu khin theo phng php BroidaBng 2: Gi tr PV mc OP=40% v OP=50% ch ManualSTTT (s)OP%PV(oC)

104039.9

2305040

3605040.1

4905040.1

51205040.1

61505040.2

71805040.2

82105040.3

92405040.3

102705040.3

113005040.3

123305040.3

133605040.5

143905040.5

154205040.5

164505040.5

174805040.5

185105040.5

195405040.6

205705040.6

216005040.7

226305040.7

236605040.7

246905040.7

257205040.7

267505040.7

c. Kim chng kh nng iu khin ca h thng ng vi cc thng s PB, Ti, Td:Bng 3: p ng ca h thng ch iu khin AutoSTTT(s)SP(oC)PV(oC)

109040

2309040.1

3609040.2

4909040.3

51209040.4

61509040.4

71809040.6

82109040.7

92409040.7

102709040.7

113009040.8

123309040.9

133609040.9

143909040.9

2.2. X L Kt Qu:a. Xc nh cc thng s c trng ca h thngBng 4: Xc nh khuch tn i tnh GsOP %OPOP%PVPVPVGs

0033.500

10101035.21.70.4250.0425

20101037.72.50.6250.0625

30101038.10.40.10.01

40101038.30.20.050.005

50101038.70.40.10.01

60101038.90.20.050.005

70101039.10.20.050.005

80101039.40.30.0750.0075

90101039.60.20.050.005

100101039.80.20.050.005

b. Xc nh cc thng s iu khin theo phng php BroidaBng 5: Xc nh thi gian tr v hng s thi giant(oC)1(s)2(s)(s)m(s)

0.8135190302.542.5

Bng 6: Xc nh b iu khinT s /B iu khin

7,12PI

Bng 7: Xc nh thng s ca b iu khinB iu khinB khuch i KpThi gian tch phn TiThi gian vi phn Td

PI5,70

Bng 8: Cc thng s ci t cho b iu khinB iu khinPBTi(s)Td(s)

PI302.50

3. TH:

Hnh 1: nhit theo gi tr OP

Hnh 2: khuch i tnh theo gi tr OP

Hnh 3: xc nh hng s thi gian v thi gian tr

Hnh 4: p ng ca h thng ch ch iu khin t ng

4. PH LC:4.1. Tnh mu Tmax= 400 oCOP %OPOP%PVPVPV %Gs

00033.5000

10101035.21.70.4250.0425

*Tnh gi tr OP: OP = OP2- OP1 = 10-0 = 10 *Tnh gi tr OP (%): OP (%) = vi OPmax =100%*Tnh gi tr P:P = P2- P1 =35,2 33,5 = 1,7 (oC)*Tnh gi tr P (%):P (%) = (%) vi PVmax =400(oC)*Tnh khuch i tnh:Gs = = * Xc nh thi gian tr v hng s thi gianT (oC)(s)(s)(s) (s)

0,8135190302,542,5

T s: nn ta chn b iu khin PI*Xc nh thng s ca b iu khin:Tmax = 400 (oC)

B iu khinB khuch i KpThi gian tch phn TiThi gian vi phn Td

PI5,7= 302,5 (s)0

Gs = KP = 5,7 PB =Nn ta ci cc thng s trong my nh sau : PB = 0,175 (oC) Ti = (s) Td=04.2. Ti liu tham kho:[1].Hng dn thc hnh k thut o lng & t ng ha,Khoa My-Thit b,Trng H Cng Nghip TP.HCM.

Bi 2: iu khin van1. MC CH TH NGHIM:Cc van iu khin thng c s dng rng ri v l thnh phn then cht trong nhiu h thng iu khin t ng nh: iu khin lu lng, iu khin mc cht lng,Bi th nghim ny gip sinh vin:Hnh dung c nguyn l iu khin v vai tr ca cc b phn trong h thng iu khin van.nh c van theo h s lu lng Kv.Xc nh quy tc iu khin lu lng nh l mt hm s theo m van v cc thng s dng sn c v cc thng s ca van lp t.Thay i s a van iu chnh h s lu lng Kv.2. KT QU TH NGHIM:a) Xc nh h s lu lng ca van:TN1: Ch khng c nh vQ(lt/gi)20304050607080

P (bar)0.170.120.170.210.290.320.34

TN2: Ch c nh v:Q(lt/gi)20406080100120140160

P (bar)0.070.090.130.190.280.370.490.63

b) Xc nh cc c trng ca van khi chnh lch p sut qua van khng i:TN3: Ch khng c b nh v: m0102030405060708090100

Q m00000101525386088

Q ng0001317325075888888

TN4: Ch c b nh v: m0102030405060708090100

Q m045465545504545454545

Q ng040404040414141424445

c) Xc nh cc c trng ca van khi chnh lch p sut qua van thay i:TN5: Ch khng c b nh v: m0102030405060708090100

P m2.172.172.162.152.182.182.172.162.162.041.99

Q m00000101526406088

P ng2.172.062.052.052.012.082.131.982.041.941.94

Q ng0001220335075908686

TN6: Ch c b nh v: m0102030405060708090100

P m2.191.611.611.611.611.541.511.581.561.541.53

Q m0170170170170170170170170170170

P ng2.181.611.61.581.621.591.541.581.531.531.55

Q ng0170170170170170170170170170170

3. X L KT QU:a) Xc nh h s lu lng ca van: Ch khng nh vQ(lt/gi)20304050607080

P0.170.120.170.210.290.320.34

Kv0.04850.08660.09700.10910.11140.12370.1372

Ch nh v:Q(lt/gi)20406080100120140160

P0.070.090.130.190.280.370.490.63

Kv0.0760.2830.3000.3270.3330.4000.4040.428

b) Xc nh cc c trng ca van khi chnh lch p sut qua van khng i: Ch khng nh v:

Ch nh v:

c) Xc nh cc c trng ca van khi chnh lch p sut qua van thay i: Ch khng nh v:

Ch nh v:

BI 3: IU KHIN P SUT1. MC CH TH NGHIM Gip sinh vin hiu c nguyn l iu khin ca h thng iu khin p sut,s dng iu khin v cc thnh phn trong b iu khin: cm bin, b iu khin, b phn tc ng,quy trnh Hiu c cc tham s ca b iu khin ( PB,Ti,Td),phng trnh hm truyn v nh hng ca tng tham s ny n qu trnh iu khin. Thit lp phng trnh hm truyn ti u cho b iu khin bng phng php Nichols - Ziegler.2.NGUYN L IU KHIN

Kh nn t my nn kh vi p sut 7-8 Bar sau khi i qua b phn lc gim p xung 4 Bar c cung cp n nh vo h thng iu khin. Trn bnh cha kh ,c gn mt ng h p sut, mt cm bin p sut o p sut bn trong bnh cha v truyn tn hiu v b iu khin.B iu khin UDC2500 nhn tn hiu t cm bin,so snh vi gi tr ci t tnh ton sai lch.Gi tr sai lch c thay th bng phng trnh hm truyn xc nh tn hiu u ra ca b iu khin OP.Di tc ng iu khin ca OP van in t s m hoc ng tng ng iu chnh p sut trong bnh p sut.3. KT QU V X L S LIU3.1.Kt qu s liuBng 1 : Xc nh PBc , TcPB %SP (bar)PVe(t)

20010.420.58

10010.510.49

5010.630.37

3010.730.27

2010.80.2

1010.880.12

510.940.06

210.970.03

110.990.01

PBc1PV dao ng u

PBc = 1Tc = 7s

Bng 2: Tnh ton cc b iu khin cho h thngPPI ni tipPI song songPID ni tipPID song songPID hn hp

PB22.22.23.31.71.7

TiMax5.80.141.755953.5

Td0000.87552.50.875

Bng 3 : nh gi v la chn b iu khin khi h thng hot ng p sut 1 barB iu khinPVThi gian t n cn bng t (s)e (t)S vt l

P0.975.680.03Khng c

PI ni tip0.975.440.03Khng c

PI song song0.975.470.03Khng c

PID ni tip0.955.200.05-

PID song song1.035.460.03-

PID hn hp0.985.420.02-

Bng 4: Kho st kh nng iu khin ca h thng vi SP= 0.5 Bar v SP=2 BarT (s)P = 0,5 barP = 2 bar

00.970.49

100.950.54

200.940.71

300.920.74

400.910.8

500.840.87

600.820.97

700.80.99

800.731.12

900.71.23

1000.621.32

1200.591.47

1500.561.52

1800.521.67

2100.511.73

2400.491.83

3.2.X l s liu v th:

Hnh 1: th quan h gia cc di tc ng t l vi lch tnh

Hnh 2: Kh nng iu khin ca h thng vi SP= 0.5 Bar v SP= 2 Bar3.3.Nhn xt v bn lun: c tnh ca b iu khin c m t nh sau: p sut trong bnh c iu khin thng b iu khin UDC 2500.N nhn tn hiu t b cm bin p sut o p trong bnh cha, x l tn hiu v xut tn hiu iu khin OP n van iu khin p sut bng kh nn iu khin p sut trong bnh. La chn cc thng s xc nh PB, Ti,Td: theo thng s iu khin PI song song, ta thy b iu khin hot ng kh n nh, hn ch vt l cng nh sai lch tnh ng thi thi gian h thng t n cn bng tng i nhanh.So vi 2 thng s P v PI ni tip ta thy thi gian t cn bng cng nhanh, khng c vt l nhng sai lch tnh cao hn (e(t)=0.11). Trng hp PID ni tip v PID hn hp c s vt l kh ln PV = 1.23 -1.25 nn ta khng chn 2 trng hp ny.Vy ta chn PI song song l ti u nht cho h thng hot ng n nh. Phng trnh hm truyn :OP = +OP0 = +OP0 = 0.138 ng dng ca quy trnh iu khin p sut trong cng nghip : c s dng nhiu nht trong lnh vc nng lng, cng nghip ch to cc linh kin : cm bin p sut silic.

Bi 5: iu khin p sut (pignat)1. MC CH TH NGHIM Hiu c cc thnh phn ca h thng iu khin p sut v nguyn l iu khin. Xc nh c cc thng s c trng ca h thng PB,Ti,Td. Nm c cc xc nh cc thng s ci t cho b iu khin PID bng phng php Proda. Kho st s nh hng ca nhiu tc ng ln h thng iu khin t ng.2. C S L THUYT2.1. o p sut theo nguyn l PiezoCm bin l mt mng silicon c ch to tinh vi v hot ng da trn hiu ng Piezo. Cm bin Piezo c gn mp bn ngoi mng vi cu ni. Mt bn ngc li c hn pha di mng.Cc in tr c in tr khong 3.5k. Khi mng b bin dng, bn knh r ca in tr tng trong khi chiu ngang t ca in tr gim. S bin thin c th ln ti 30% so vi gi tr ban u. Tn hiu u ra mnh ca cu loi b s tr v t l trc tip vi p sut.Con chip silicon c ghp vi m lt bc, c lp t vi hp thp khng r c ng kn bng mt mng gn sng mng. Linh kin c du ph hp vi ng dng mong mun. p sut tc dng ln mng gn sng c truyn dn bi du ti mng ca con chip. u d OEM c gn y ca u d v b chuyn i. Chng chu ng c nhit v p sut th nghim.2.2. B chuyn i p sutB chuyn i hiu chnh v khuch i tn hiu s dng mt b x l. Tn hiu ca u d c chuyn thnh tn hiu u ra, thng l 0 100mV, 0 10V, 0.5 4.5V, 4 20mA.3. KT QU TH NGHIM

Bng 1:Xc nh cc thng s c trng ca h thngOPP (bar)

V2 m 4 vngV2 m 3 vngV2 m 5 vng

00.220.150.29

100.260.170.34

200.30.20.4

300.370.250.49

400.440.310.62

500.570.40.81

600.770.541.12

701.050.761.41

801.331.121.59

901.61.421.75

1001.761.651.8

Bng 2:Xc nh cc thng s iu khin theo phng php BroidaSTTt (s)OP (%)P (bar)

10500.66

25600.71

310600.78

415600.81

520600.85

625600.87

730600.89

835600.9

Bng 3 Xc nh thi gian tr v hng s thi gianP (bar)(s)(s)(s) (s)

0.246.588.250.75

Bng 4: Xc nh b iu khinT s /B iu khin

11P

Bng 5: Xc nh thng s ca b iu khinB iu khinB khuch i KpThi gian tch phn TiThi gian vi phn Td

P7.33Max0

Bng 6: Cc thng s ci t cho b iu khinB iu khinPBTi(s)Td(s)

PMax0

Bng 7: p ng ca h thng ch AutoThi gian(s)SP = 0.7 BarSP = 0.5 BarSP = 1.2 Bar

50.720.431.04

100.710.570.95

150.690.50.99

200.630.551.22

250.730.681.25

300.730.571.23

350.780.480.92

400.590.561.1

450.590.541.29

500.830.551.32

550.750.491.04

600.770.550.98

650.70.551.01

700.630.531.24

750.840.541.24

800.760.560.93

850.720.560.91

900.610.521.12

950.670.521.32

1000.850.511.05

4. X L S LIU Bng 8. Xc nh thng s khuch i tnh ca Gs (V2 m 3 vng)OPOPOP (%)PPP(%)Gs

0100.22000

1010100.260.042.270.227

2010100.30.042.270.227

3010100.370.073.980.398

4010100.440.073.980.398

5010100.570.137.390.739

6010100.770.211.361.136

7010101.050.2815.911.591

8010101.330.2815.911.591

9010101.60.2715.341.534

10010101.760.169.090.909

Bng 9: Xc nh thng s khuch i tnh ca Gs (V2 m 4 vng)OPOPOP (%)PPP(%)Gs

010100.15000

1010100.170.021.210.121

2010100.20.031.820.182

3010100.250.053.030.303

4010100.310.063.640.364

5010100.40.095.450.545

6010100.540.148.480.848

7010100.760.2213.331.333

8010101.120.3621.822.182

9010101.420.318.181.818

10010101.650.2313.941.394

Bng 10: Xc nh thng s khuch i tnh ca Gs (V2 m 5 vng)OPOPOP (%)PPP(%)Gs

010100.29000

1010100.340.052.780.278

2010100.40.063.330.333

3010100.490.095.000.500

4010100.620.137.220.722

5010100.810.1910.561.056

6010101.120.3117.221.722

7010101.410.2916.111.611

8010101.590.1810.001.000

9010101.750.168.890.889

10010101.80.052.780.278

5. TH

Hnh 1: th p sut o c theo cc gi tr OP

Hnh 2: th khuch i tnh theo gi tr OP

Hnh 3: th xc nh hng s thi gian v thi gian tr mc OP = 60% (van 2 m 4 vng)

Hnh 4: th p ng ca h thng ch iu khin t ng PID6. BN LUN*Nguyn l iu khin v vai tr ca cc b phn ca h thng iu khin:B iu khin nhn tn hiu t cm bin, so snh vi gi tr ci t ban u tnh ton sai lch.Gi tr sai lch ny c thay th vo phng trnh hm truyn xc nh tn hiu u ra ca b iu khin OP.Di tc ng iu khin ca OP,van iu khin bng kh nn PV 01 s ng hoc m tng ng iu chnh p sut trong bnh. (OP s iu khin dng kh nn ng/m van).*Nhn xt kh nng p ng ca h thng khi b iu khin c ci t cc thng s tm c bng phng php Proda:Nhn vo hnh 4.4 ta nhn thy kh nng p ng ca h thng tng i tt.Khi SP=0.5 bar v SP=0.7 bar th h thng kh n nh. Cn SP=1.2 bar th h thng tng i n nh v c vt l xy ra.Thi gian p ng h thng n nh cng kh nhanh.*Phm vi ng dng ca phng php Proda trong vic xc nh cc thng s b iu khin :Kho st p ng ca h thng khi thay i OP.Gi tr PV c ghi nhn theo thi gian cho n khi h thng t trng thi n nh.Da vo th PV theo thi gian ta c th tnh c hng s thi gian, thi gian tr v xc nh cc thng s thch hp cho b iu khin.Do nu ta xc nh sai th h thng s khng n nh.Phng php ny i hi chnh xc ca s liu phi cao v h thng c p ng chm.*ng dng iu khin p sut trong cng nghip:- Dng cho qut thng gi trong h thng thng gi trung tm , h thng gia nhit - iu khin qu trnh nng lnh - iu khin nhit theo tng cp7. PH LC7.1.Tnh mu Pmax= 1.76 barOPOPOP(%)P (bar)P (bar)P (%)Gs

000.22000

1010100.260.042.270.227

*Tnh gi tr OP: OP = OP2- OP1 = 10-0 = 10 *Tnh gi tr OP (%): OP (%) = vi OPmax =100%*Tnh gi tr P:P = P2- P1 = 0,26 0,22 = 0,04 (bar)*Tnh gi tr P (%):P (%) = (%) vi PVmax =1,76 bar*Tnh khuch i tnh:Gs = = * Xc nh thi gian tr v hng s thi gianP (bar)(s)(s)(s) (s)

0.246,588,250,75

T s: nn ta chn b iu khin P*Xc nh thng s ca b iu khin:Pmax = 2 bar

B iu khinB khuch i KpThi gian tch phn TiThi gian vi phn Td

P7.33Max0

Gs = KP = 7,33 PB =Nn ta ci cc thng s trong my nh sau : PB = 0,136 Bar Ti = Td=07.2.Ti liu tham kho:[1].Hng dn thc hnh k thut o lng & t ng ha,Khoa My-Thit b,Trng H Cng Nghip TP.HCM.

Bi 7: iu khin mc cht lng1. MC CH TH NGHIMGip sinh vin hiu c:Chc nng ca vng iu khin v cc b phn ca h thng th nghim: u d, thit b chuyn i tn hiu, thit b iu khin, thit b pht ngCc chng trnh iu khin (ON-OFF, iu khin P/PI/PID).Nguyn l c bn trong iu khin mc cht lng.Thit lp phng trnh hm truyn v nh hng ca cc tham s n qu trnh iu khin.S dng c cc phn mm kim sot.2.NGUYN L IU KHINChiu cao ca ct cht lng c o thng qua o p sut y ct theo cng thc sau:= 3.KT QU V X L S LIU: Kt qu s liu:Bng 1.1 : Kho st nh hng ca PBPB (%)SP (cm)PV (cm)OP (%)e(t)

1005043.548.41.66

755045.668.41.74

505048.232.72.08

255049.353.90.54

205049.253.40.80

105049.173.90.38

Bng 1.2 : Kho st nh hng ca tc ng tch phn TiTi (pht)SP (cm)PV (cm)Thi gian t n trng thi n nh (s)

105046.98140

55048.2160

15049.958

0.55049.660

0.15049.3340

Bng 1.3 : Kho st nh hng ca tc ng vi phn TdTd (pht)SP (cm)PV (cm)Vt lThi gian t n nh (s)Ghi ch

0.25050.270.05120

05050.700.41180

Bng 1.4 : Kim tra kh nng iu khin ca h thngt(s)SP=70SP=30

050,5260,9

2468,4867,23

4872,4665,32

7273,4862,16

9672,959,04

12071,3456,34

14470,0154,44

16869,2251,52

19268,6749,46

21668,5946,8

24068,744,93

26468,8642,42

28869,340,65

31269,638,35

33669,9136,57

36070,1735,15

38470,6333,05

40870,8131,5

43270,8630,05

45670,8829,5

48029,9

50430,27

52830,37

55230,17

4. TH:

Hnh 1.1: th nh hng ca PB n sai lch tnh

Hnh 1.2: th nh hng ca Ti n thi gian h thng t n nh

Hnh 1.3 : th kim tra kh nng iu khin khi SP=70 cm v 30cm5.NHN XT V BN LUN: c tnh ca b iu khin c m t nh sau: Chiu cao mc cht lng c iu khin thng qua vic iu chnh lu lng dng vo v dng ra khi ct. Trong bi th nghim ny van dng ra c m mt v tr c nh khong van.Khi cn tng chiu cao mc cht lng trong ct ,van t l iu khin bng kh nn s m ra,cho php lu lng vo ct tng ln v ngc li.B iu khin UDC 2500 c giao din ngi- my.N nhn tn hiu t b cm bin, x l tn hiu v xut tn hiu iu khin n b chuyn i IP ( Cng dng in p sut kh nn) iu khin van.Vi cc thng s c xc nh nh PB, Ti,Td, ta thy b iu khin hot ng kh n nh khi iu khin mc cht lng.Tuy nhin khi iu khin mc cht lng t SP= 50 cm v SP=30 cm th thi gian n nh kh lu ( khong 360 giy) so vi iu khin mc cht lng t SP= 50 cm ln SP=70 cm.nh hng ca PB,Ti,Td ln h thng: i vi nh hng ca PB : nghch o ca PB l di tc ng t l. PB=1/G. Khi tng di tc ng t l ng vi gim dc ca gi tr OP,s trnh c hin tng vt l nhng li tng thi gian h t trng thi n nh v c sai lch tnh ln hn.i vi nh hng ca Ti: tng tc iu khin ca qu trnh ti im SP,nhng do Ti l khu tch phn p ng cho sai s tch ly trong qu kh nn n c th khin gi tr hin ti vt l qua gi tr SP ban u.i vi nh hng ca Td:Tc ng tch phn c tnh ton da trn s sai lch PV so vi gi tr SP ban u l bao nhiu v trong thi gian bao lu.Tc ng vi phn ny c tnh ton bng cc cng dn sai s e(t).Khi PV tng th theo phng trnh hm truyn t l vi phn th OP s gim v ngc li.iu gip cho h thng trnh c s vt l v h thng s n nh hn sau nhiu.

33