Bansal.test.solidstate.pdf

7/30/2019 Bansal.test.solidstate.pdf

1/10

"5"/&0" &&&

&NQLTK@NEHNMHBRNKHCEQNL TMHS BDKKCDRBQHOSHNM

2L "CUBICSOLIDISMADEUPOFTWOELEMENTS"AND#"TOMS#AREATTHECORNERSOFTHECUBEAND"ATTHE

BODYCENTRE8HATISTHEFORMULAOFCOMPOUND

2 "COMPOUNDALLOYOFGOLDANDCOPPERCRYSTALLIZESINACUBICLATTICEINWHICHGOLDOCCUPYTHATLATTICEPOINT

ATCORNERSOFTHECUBEANDCOPPERATOMOCCUPYTHECENTRESOFEACHOFTHECUBEFACES8HATISTHE

FORMULAOFTHISCOMPOUND

2 "CUBICSOLIDISMADEBYATOMS"FORMINGCLOSEPACKARRANGEMENT#OCCUPYINGONE'OURTHOFTETRAHEDRAL

VOIDAND$OCCUPYINGHALFOFTHEOCTAHEDRALVOIDS8HATISTHEFORMULAOFCOMPOUND

2 8HATISTHEPERCENTBYMASSOFTITANIUMINRUTILEAMINERALTHATCONTAIN5ITANIUMANDOXYGENIFSTRUCTURE

CANBEDESCRIBEDASACLOSETPACKEDARRAYOFOXIDEIONSWITHTITANIUM INONEHALFOFTHEOCTAHEDRALHOLES

8HATISTHEOXIDATIONNUMBEROFTITANIUM

2 4PINELISAIMPORTANTCLASSOFOXIDESCONSISTINGOFTWOTYPESOFMETALIONSWITHTHEOXIDEIONSARRANGEDIN

$$1PATTERN5HENORMALSPINELHASONEEIGHTOFTHETETRAHEDRALHOLESOCCUPIEDBYONETYPEOFMETALION

ANDONEHALFOFTHEOCTAHEDRALHOLEOCCUPIEDBYANOTHERTYPEOFMETALION4UCHASPINELISFORMEDBY

;N"LAND^WITH;XFMTHETETRAHEDRALHOLES(IVETHEFORMULAEOFSPINEL

%CFDKDMFSGCDMRHSX@MCMTLADQ NE@SNLRODQTMHSBDKK

2 ,'CRYSTALLIZESINTHE/A$LTYPESTRUCTURE*FTHERADIUSOF,IONSPMANDTHATOF'^IONISPM

WHATISTHESHORTEST,'DISTANCE8HATISTHEEDGELENGTHOFTHEUNITCELL8HATISTHECLOSET,,

DISTANCE

2 "CLOSEDPACKEDSTRUCTUREOFUNIFORMSPHERESHASTHEEDGELENGTHOFPM$ALCULATETHERADIUSOF

SPHEREIFITEXISTIN

ASIMPLECUBICLATTICE B#$$LATTICE C'$$LATTICE

2 $ALCULATETHEDENSITYOFDIAMONDFROMTHEFACTTHATITHASFACECENTEREDCUBICSTRUCTUREWITHTWOATOMS

PERLATTICEPOINTANDUNITCELLEDGELENGTHOF"

2 "NELEMENTCRYSTALLIZESINTOASTRUCTURE W H I C HMAYBEDESCRIBEDBYACUBICTYPEOFUNITCELLHAVINGONE

ATOMONEACHCORNEROFTHECUBEANDTWOATOMSONONEOFITSBODYDIAGONALS*FTHEVOLUMEOFTHISUNITCELLIS

CM

ANDDENSITYOFELEMENTISGCM

CALCULATETHENUMBEROFATOMSPRESENTIN

GOFELEMENT

2 4ILVERHASANATOMICRADIUSOFPMANDTHEDENSITYOFSILVERISGCM

5OWHICHTYPEOFCUBIC

CRYSTALSILVERBELONGS

2LL "G$LHASTHESAMESTRUCTUREASTHATOF/A$L5HEEDGELENGTHOFUNITCELLOF"G$LISFOUNDTOBEPM

ANDTHEDENSITYOF"G$LISGCM'INDTHEPERCENTAGEOFSITESTHATAREUNOCCUPIED

A@


2/10

2 9ENON CRYSTALLISES IN THE FACECENTRED CUBIC LATTICE AND THE EDGE OF THE UNIT CELL IS

PM8HATISTHENEARESTNEIGHBOURDISTANCEANDWHATISTHERADIUSOFXENONATOM

2 5HETWOIONS"AND# HAVERADIIANDPMRESPECTIVELY*NTHECLOSEDPACKEDCRYSTALOFCOMPOUND

"#PREDICTTHECOORDINATIONNUMBEROF"

2 $S$LHASTHEBCCARRANGEMENTANDITSUNITCELLEDGELENGTHISPM$ALCULATETHEINTERIONIC DISTANCEIN$S$L

2 (OLDCRYSTALLIZESINAFACECENTEREDCUBICLATTICE*FTHELENGTHOFTHEEDGEOFTHEUNITCELLISPM

CALCULATETHEDENSITYOFGOLDASWELLASITSATOMICRADIUSASSUMINGITTOBESPHERICAL"TOMICMASSOF

GOLDAMU

2 5HEDENSITYOF,#RISGCM5HELENGTHOFTHEEDGEOFTHEUNITCELLISPM4HOWTHAT,#RHAS

FACECENTEREDCUBICSTRUCTURE

/XL0MOL"TMASS,#R

2 "NELEMENTCRYSTALLIZESINASTRUCTUREHAVING'$$UNITCELLOFANEDGEPM$ALCULATETHEDENSITYIF

GOFTHISELEMENTCONTAINSXATOMS

2 5HEEFFECTIVERADIUSOFTHEIRONATOMIS"*THASROCKSALTLIKESTRUCTURE$ALCULATEITSDENSITY'EAMU

2 "CRYSTALOFLEAD**SULPHIDEHAS/A$LSTRUCTURE*NTHISCRYSTALTHESHORTESTDISTANCEBETWEEN1TFION

AND4IONISPM8HATISTHELENGTHOFTHEEDGEOFTHEUNITCELLINLEADSULPHIDE"LSOCALCULATETHE

UNITCELLVOLUME

2 *FTHELENGTHOFTHEBODYDIAGONALFOR$S$LWHICHCRYSTALLISESINTOACUBICSTRUCTUREWITH$*IONSATTHE

CORNERSAND$S

IONSATTHECENTREOFTHEUNITCELLSIS"ANDTHERADIUSOFTHE$SF

IONIS"WHATISTHERADIIOF$L ION

. " $ ? F E V ? $ ) $ P

/5 O7 09 "? O 7 6 "I 6R $ ? I C B A h ? W =

@ L R 4 VVO

= F N = A 8 T O 4

G


3/10

02/&)#)%.#9 4%34

$RYSTALLINESOLIDSAREISOTROPIC

3HOMBOHEDRALTRICLINICANDHEXAGONALARETHEUNITCELLSWHICHHAVEONLYPRIMITIVEARRANGEMENTPOSSIBLE

3ANKOF'$$AND)1UNITSCELLSARESAME

5HEMINIMUMVOIDFRACTIONFORANYUNITCELLINANYSHAPEHAVINGONLYONETYPEOFATOMAND ALLVOIDS

UNFILLEDIS

1ACKINGFRACTIONOFALATTICESTRUCTUREDEPENDSONTHERADIUSOFTHEATOMCIYSTALLIZING INIT

5HELOCATIONOFTETRAHEDRALVOIDSIN'$$UNITCELLARETHECENTERSOFMINICUBESFORMINGALARGECUBE

&FFECTIVENUMBEROFOCTAHEDRALVOIDSINAUNITCELLISEQUALTOTHE EFFECTIVENUMBEROFATOMSINTHEUNITCELL

3ADIUSRATIOFORCOORDINATIONNUMBERHAVINGTETRAHEDRALANDSQUAREPLANARGEOMETRYISSAME

5HERADIUSRATIOVALUEFORCOORDINATIONNUMBERHAVINGSQUAREPLANARGEOMETRYANDCOORDINATION

NUMBERHAVINGOCTAHEDRALGEOMETRYISSAME

"METALLICELEMENTCRYSTALLISESINTOALATTICECONTAININGASEQUENCEOFLAYERSOF"#"#"# "NY

PACKINGOFSPHERESLEAVESOUTVOIDSINTHELATTICEPERCENTBYVOLUMEOFTHISLATTICEISEMPTYSPACE

5HERELATIONBETWEENEDGELENGTHAANDRADIUSOFATOMRFOR#$$LATTICEIS

5HERELATIONBETWEENEDGELENGTHAANDRADIUSOFATOMRFOR'$$LATTICEIS @@@

"#$"#$ LAYERINGPATTERNISCALLED PACKINGFOUNDIN LATTICE

"#"#"# LAYERINGPATTERNISCALLED PACKINGFOUNDIN LATTICE

)EIGHTCOFTHEHEXAGONALPRIMITIVEUNITCELLINTERMSOFRADIUSOFATOMRIS

"NIONSWOULDBEINCONTACTWITHEACHOTHERONLYIFTHECATIONTOANIONRADIUSFORAGIVENCOORDINATION

NUMBERIS

5HENUMBEROFTETRAHEDRALVOIDSINHEXAGONALPRIMITIVEUNITCELLIS

5HELIMITINGRADIUSFORCOORDINATIONNUMBERIS

'ORCESIUMCHLORIDESTRUCTURETHEINTERIONICDISTANCEINTERMSOFEDGELENGTHAISEQUALTO

%ENSITYOF ACRYSTAL DUETO4CHOTTKYDEFECTAND DUETO'RANKELDEFECT

G


4/10

"5"/&0" &&&

2 *RONHASBODYCENTEREDCUBICLATTICESTRUCTURE5HEEDGELENGTHOFTHEUNITCELLISFOUNDTOBEPM

8HATISTHERADIUSOFANIRONATOM

$ESIUMCHLORIDEFORMSABODYCENTEREDCUBICLATTICE$ESIUMANDCHLORIDEIONSARE INCONTACTALONGTHE

BODYDIAGONALOFTHEUNITCELL5HELENGTHOFTHESIDEOFTHEUNITCELLISPMAND$*IONHASARADIUSOF PM$ALCULATETHERADIUSOF$SION

2 *NACUBICCLOSEDPACKEDSTRUCTUREOFMIXEDOXIDESTHELATTICEISMADEUPOFOXIDEIONSONEEIGHTHOF

TETRAHEDRALVOIDSAREOCCUPIEDBYDIVALENTIONS" WHILEONEHALFOFTHEOCTAHEDRALVOIDSOCCUPIED

TRIVALENTIONS#8HATISTHEFORMULAOFTHEOXIDE

2 ? "SOLID"AND#HAD/A$LTYPECLOSEDPACKEDSTRUCTURE*FTHEANIONHASARADIUSOFPMWHAT

^ SHOULDBETHEIDEALRADIUSOFTHECATION$ANACATION$

HAVINGARADIUSOFPMBESLIPPEDINTOTHE

TETRAHEDRALSITEOFTHECRYSTALOF"#(IVEREASONSFORYOURANSWER

2 $ALCULATETHEVALUEOF"VOGADROSNUMBERFROMTHEFOLLOWINGDATA

%ENSITYOF /A$LCM

%ISTANCEBETWEEN/AAND$1IN/A$LPM

2 *FTHERADIUSOF.GION$SION^ION4^IONAND$*IONARE" """AND

"RESPECTIVELY$ALCULATETHECOORDINATIONNUMBERSOFTHECATIONSINTHECRYSTALSOF.G4.G0

AND$S$L

2 *RONOCCURSASBCCASWELLASFEEUNITCELL*FTHEEFFECTIVERADIUSOFANATOMOFIRONISPM$OMPUTETHEDENSITYOFIRONINBOTHTHESESTRUCTURES

+R/ A

R/ A

,$CRYSTALLIZESINTHESAMETYPEOFLATTICEASDOES/A$L(IVENTHAT

AND

$ALCULATER

$ 1 R

,

A5HERATIOOFTHESIDESOFUNITCELLFOR,$TOTHATFOR/A$LANDB5HERATIOOFDENSITIESOF/A$LTOTHATFOR,$

2 "NELEMENT""TOMICWEIGHTHAVINGBCCSTRUCTUREHASUNITCELLEDGELENGTHPM $ALCULATETHEDENSITYOF"ANDNUMBEROFUNITCELLSANDNUMBEROFATOMSINGMOF"

2+ + 1ROVETHATTHEVOIDSPACEPERCENTAGEINZINCBLENDESTRUCTUREIS

2LL "UNITCELLOFSODIUMCHLORIDEHASFOURFORMULAUNITS5HEEDGEOF LENGTHOFTHEUNITCELLISNM8HATISTHEDENSITYOFSODIUMCHLORIDE

2+ *NACUBICCRYSTALOF$S$LDENSITYGMCMTHEEIGHTCORNERSAREOCCUPIEDBY $1IONSWITH$S

IONSATTHECENTRE $ALCULATETHEDISTANCEBETWEENTHENEIGHBOURING$SAND$1IONS

25\J ,'HAS/A$LSTRUCTURE8HAT ISTHEDISTANCEBETWEEN,AND' IN,'IFDENSITYOF,'ISGMCM

2J 5HECOMPOSITIONOFASAMPLEOFWUSTITEIS'EJ8HATPERCENTAGEOFIRONISPRESENTINTHEFORMOF+ 'ELLL

A@


5/10

2 #A5ICRYSTALLIZESINTHEPREVOSKITESTRUCTURE5HISSTRUCTUREMAYBEDESCRIBEDASACUBICLATTICEWITHBARIUMIONSOCCUPYINGTHECORNEROFTHEUNITCELLOXIDEIONSOCCUPYINGTHEFACECENTERSANDTITANIUMIONOCCUPYINGTHECENTEROFTHEUNITCELL

A *FTITANIUMISDESCRIBEDASOCCUPYINGHOLESIN#A0LATTICEWHATTYPEOFHOLESDOESITOCCUPYB 8HATFRACTIONOFTHISTYPEHOLEDOESITOCCUPY

2 3BLCRYSTALLIZESINBCCSTRUCTUREINWHICHEACH3BISSURROUNDEDBYEIGHTIODIDEIONSEACHOFRADIUS

"'INDTHELENGTHOFONESIDEOF3BLUNITCELL

2 *F/A$LISDOPPEDWITH^MOL 4R$LWHATISTHENUMBERSOFCATIONVACANCIES

2 'INDTHESIZEOFLARGESTSPHERETHATWILLFITINOCTAHEDRALVOIDINANIDEAL'$$CRYSTALASAFUNCTIONOF

ATOMICRADIUSR5HEINSERTIONOFTHISSPHEREINTOVOIDDOESNOTDISTORTTHE'$$LATTICE$ALCULATETHE

PACKING FRACTIONOF'$$LATTICEWHEN ALLTHEOCTAHEDRALVOIDSAREFILLEDBYTHISSPHERE

"CUBICUNITCELLCONTAINSMANGANESEIONSATTHECORNERSANDFLUORIDEIONSATTHECENTEROFEACHEDGE

8HATISTHEEMPIRICALFORMULAOFTHECOMPOUND

8HATISTHECOORDINATIONNUMBEROFTHE.NION$ALCULATETHEEDGELENGTHOFTHEUNITCELLIFTHERADIUSOF.NIONIS"ANDTHATOF' IONIS"

2 /A)CRYSTALLIZESINTHESAMESTRUCTUREASTHATOF/A$L5HEEDGELENGTHOFTHECUBICUNITCELLOF/A)IS

"A $ALCULATETHEIONICRADIUSOF) PROVIDEDTHE IONICRADIUSOF/AIS"

B $ALCULATETHEDENSITYOF/A)

2 .ETALLICGOLDCRYSTALLISESINFEELATTICE5HELENGTHOFTHECUBICUNITCELLISA"A 8HATISTHECLOSESTDISTANCEBETWEENGOLDATOMSB )OWMANYNEARESTNEIGHBOURSDOESEACHGOLDATOMHAVEATTHEDISTANCECALCULATEDINA

C 8HATISTHEDENSITYOFGOLDD 1ROVETHATTHEPACKINGFRACTIONOFGOLDIS

2 *CECRYSTALLIZESINAHEXAGONALLATTICE"TTHELOWTEMPERATUREATWHICHTHESTRUCTUREWASDETERMINEDTHELATTICECONSTANTSWEREA"ANDB"SEE FIGURE)OWMANYMOLECULESARECONTAINEDINAUNITCELL

2 6SINGTHEDATAGIVENBELOWFINDTHETYPEOFCUBICLATTICETOWHICHTHECRYSTALBELONGS'E 7 1D

AINPM PINGMCM

2 1OTASSIUMCRYSTALLIZESINABODYCENTEREDCUBICLATTICEWITHEDGELENGTHA"

A 8HATISTHEDISTANCEBETWEENNEARESTNEIGHBOURS

B 8HATISTHEDISTANCEBETWEENNEXTNEARESTNEIGHBOURS

C )OWMANYNEARESTNEIGHBOURSDOESEACH,ATOMHAVE

D )OWMANYNEXTNEARESTNEIGHBOURSDOESEACH,ATOMHAVE

E 8HATISTHECALCULATEDDENSITYOFCRYSTALLINEPOTASSIUM

2 1ROVETHATVOIDSPACEINFLUORITESTRUCTUREPERUNITVOLUMEOFUNITCELL IS

2 "COMPOUNDFORMEDBYELEMENTS9:$RYSTALLIZESINACUBICSTRUCTUREWHERE9ISATTHECORNERSOF

THECUBEAND:ISATSIXFACECENTERS8HATISTHEFORMULAOFTHECOMPOUND*FSIDELENGTHIS"ESTIMATETHEDENSITYOFTHESOLIDASSUMINGATOMICWEIGHTOF9 AND:ASANDRESPECTIVELY

2

B

G


6/10

2 5HEMETALNICKELCRYSTALLIZESINAFACECENTREDCUBICSTRUCTURE*TSDENSITYIS GMCM$ALCULATE

A THELENGTHOFTHEEDGEOFTHEUNITCELLB THERADIUSOFTHENICKELATOM


7/10

"5"/&0" &&&

2L "SOLIDHASASTRUCTUREINWHICH8ATOMSARELOCATEDATTHECORNERSOFACUBICLATTICE0ATOMATTHE

CENTREOFTHEEDGESAND/AATOMATCENTREOFTHECUBIC5HEFORMULAFORTHECOMPOUNDIS

"/A8 #/A8 $/A8 %/A8

2 5HEDENSITYOF$A'FLUORITESTRUCTUREISGCM

5HELENGTHOFTHESIDEOFTHEUNITCELLIS"PM #PM $PM %PM

2 8HICHOFTHEFOLLOWINGSTATEMENTSISCORRECTINTHEROCKSALTSTRUCTUREOFANIONICCOMPOUNDS

"COORDINATIONNUMBEROFCATIONISFOURWHEREASTHATOFANIONISSIX

#COORDINATIONNUMBEROFCATIONISSIXWHEREASTHATOFANIONISFOUR

$COORDINATIONNUMBEROFEACHCATIONANDANIONISFOUR

%COORDINATIONNUMBEROFEACHCATIONANDANIONISSIX

2 5HECOORDINATIONNUMBEROFCATIONANDANIONIN'LUORITE$A'AND$S$LARERESPECTIVELY

"AND #AND $AND %AND

2 5HEINTERSTITIALHOLEISCALLEDTETRAHEDRALBECAUSE

"*TISFORMEDBYFOURSPHERES

#1ARTLYSAMEANDPARTLYDIFFERENT

$*TISFORMEDBYFOURSPHEIESIHECENTRESOFWHICHFORMAREGULARTETRAHEDRON

%/ONEOFTHEABOVETHREE

2 5HETETRAHEDRALVOIDSFORMEDBY CCPARRANGEMENTOF$L IONSINROCKSALTSTRUCTUREARE

"0CCUPIEDBY/A

IONS #0CCUPIEDBY$*IONS

$0CCUPIEDBYEITHER/AOR$* IONS %7ACANT

2 5HENUMBEROFNEARESTNEIGHBOURSAROUNDEACHPARTICLEINAFACECENTREDCUBICLATTICEIS

" # $ %

2 *FTHEANIONS"FORMHEXAGONALCLOSESTPACKINGANDCATIONS$OCCUPYONLYOCTAHEDRALVOIDSINIT

THENTHEGENERALFORMULAOFTHECOMPOUNDIS

"$" #$" $$" %$"

2 "SOLIDISFORMEDANDITHASTHREETYPESOFATOMS9:;9FORMSA'$$LATTICEWITH:ATOMSOCCUPYING

ALLTHETETRAHEDRALVOIDSAND;ATOMSOCCUPYINGHALFTHEOCTRAHEDRALVOIDS 5HEFORMULAOFTHESOLIDIS

"9:; #9:; $9:; %9:;

2 5HEINTERMETALLICCOMPOUND-I"GCRYSTALLIZESINCUBICLATTICEINWHICHBOTHLITHIUMANDSILVERHAVE

COORDINATIONNUMBEROFEIGHT5HECRYSTALCLASSIS

"4IMPLECUBIC ##ODYCENTREDCUBIC$'ACECENTREDCUBIC%/ONE

2LL "COMPOUND9:CRYSTALLIZESIN#$$LATTICEWITHUNITCELLEDGELENGHTOFPM*FTHERADIUSOF:IS

PMTHENTHERADIUSOF9

IS"PM #PM $PM %PM

2 5HEMASSOFAUNITCELLOF$S$LCORRESPONDSTO" $S

AND $L # $SAND$* $$S

AND$L %$S

AND $L

A@


8/10

2 *NTHECLOSESTPACKINGOFATOMS"RADIUSRATHERADIUSOFATOM#THATCANBE FITTEDINTOTETRAHEDRALVOIDSIS

"RA #R A $R A %R A

2 8HICHONEOFTHEFOLLOWINGSCHEMESOFORDERINGCLOSEDPACKEDSHEETSOFEQUALSIZEDSPHERESDONOT

GENERATECLOSEPACKEDLATTICE

""#$"#$ #"#"$"#"$ $"##""##" %"#$#$"#$#$

2 "NIONICCOMPOUND"#HAS;N4TYPESTRUCTURE*FTHERADIUS"ISPMTHENTHEIDEALRADIUSOF#

WOULDBE

"PM #PM $PM %NONEOFTHESE

2 /)$CRYSTALLIZESINABODYCENTEREDCUBICTYPELATTICEWITHAUNITCELLEDGELENGTHOFPM5HE

DISTANCEBETWEENTHEOPPOSITIVELYCHARGEDIONSINTHELATTICEIS

"LPM #PM $PM %PM

2 R PMANDR PMIN/A$LROCKSALTSTRUCTURE8HATISTHESHORTESTDISTANCEBETWEEN/AIONS

"PM #PM $PM %PM

2 *NDIAMONDCARBONATOMOCCUPY'$$LATTICEPOINTSASWELLASALTERNATETETRAHEDRALVOIDS*FEDGELENGTH

OFTHEUNITCELLISPMTHENRADIUSOFCARBONATOMIS

"PM #PM $PM %PM

2 8HICHOFTHEFOLLOWINGWILLSHOWSCHOTTKYDEFECT

"$A' #;N4 $"G$L %$S$L

2 (IVETHECORRECTORDEROFINITIALS2TRUEOR$FALSEFORFOLLOWINGSTATEMENTS

* *NANANTIFLUORITESTRUCTUREANIONSFORM'$$LATTICEANDCATIONSOCCUPYALLTETRAHEDRALVOIDS

N *F THERADIUSOFCATIONSANDANIONSARE"AND"THENCOORDINATENUMBEROFCATIONINTHE

CRYSTALIS

M "NATOMIONISTRANSFERREDFROMALATTICESITETOANINTERSTITIALPOSITIONIN'RENKELDEFECT

*7 %ENSITYOFCRYSTALALWAYSINCREASESDUETOSUBSTITUTINALIMPURITYDEFECT

"5''' #'55' $5''5 %5'5'

G "@MR@K #K@RRDR 0JGD? 0O


9/10

"5"/&0" &32 5HEEDGELENGTHOFUNITCELLOFAMETALHAVINGMOLECULARWEIGHTGMOLIS"WHICHCRYSTALLIZESIN CUBIC

LATTICE*FTHEDENSITYISGCCTHENFINDTHERADIUSOFMETALATOM/"X

(IVETHEANSWERINPM

2 "NELEMENTCRYSTALLISESIN'$$LATTICEHAVINGEDGELENGTHPM$ALCULATETHEMAXIMUMDIAMETERWHICHCANBEPLACEDININTERSTITALSITESWITHOUTDISTURBINGTHESTRUCTURE

2 8HICHOFTHEFOLLOWING'$$STRUCTURECONTAINSCATIONSINALTERNATETETRAHEDRALVOIDS

"/A$L #;N4 $/?0 %$A'

2I "#CRYSTALLIZESINAROCK SALTSTRUCTUREWITH"# 5HESHORTESTDISTANCEBETWEEN"AND#IS

:NM5HEFORMULAMASSOF"#IS:AMUWHERE:ISANYARBITRARYCONSTANT'INDTHEDENSITYINKGM

II *FMEASUREDDENSITYISKGM*DENTIFYTHETYPEOFPOINTDEFECT

2 .ARBLESOFDIAMETERMMEACHARETOBEARRANGEDONAFLATSURFACESOTHATTHEIRCENTRESLIEWITHINTHE

AREAENCLOSEDBYFOURLINESOFLENGTHEACHMM4KETCHTHEARRANGEMENTTHATWILLGIVETHEMAXIMUM

NUMBEROFMARBLESPERUNITAREATHATCANBEENCLOSEDINTHISMANNERANDDEDUCETHEEXPRESSIONTO

CALCULATEIT

2 "SUBSTANCE"# CRYSTALLISESINA'$$LATTICEINWHICHATOMS"OCCUPYEACHCORNEROFTHECUBEAND

ATOMS#OCCUPYTHECENTRESOFEACHFACEOFTHECUBE*DENTIFYTHECORRECTCOMPOSITIONOFTHESUBSTANCE

"#

""# #"#$"# %COMPOSITIONCANNOTBESPECIFIED

2 5HECOORDINATIONNUMBEROFAMETALCRYSTALLISINGINAHEPSTRUCTUREIS

" # $ %

2LL "METALCRYATALLISESINTOTWOCUBICPHASES'$$AND#$$WHOSEUNITCELLLENGTHSAREAND"

RESPECTIVELY$ALCULATETHERATIOOFDENSITIESOF'$$AND#$$

G


10/10

2 8HICHOFTHEFOLLOWINGSTATEMENTSARECORRECT

"5HECOORDINATIONNUMBEROFEACHTYPEOFIONIN$S$LIS

#"METALTHATCRYSTALLISESIN#$$STRUCTURE HASACOORDINATIONNUMBER

$"UNITCELLOFANIONICCRYSTALSHARESSOMEOFITSIONSWITHOTHERUNITCELLS

%5HELENGTHOFTHEUNITCELLIN/A$LISPM

< R

/A PM R $+@ PM> 9(##;

2 *NTHESODIUMCHLORIDESTRUCTUREEACH /AIONISSURROUNDEDBYSIX$* NEARESTNEIGHBOURSAND

/AIONSNEXTNEARESTNEIGHBOURS 9(##;

2 "UNITCELLOFSODIUMCHLORIDEHASFOURFORMULAUNITS5HEEDGELENGTHOFTHEUNITCELLISNM8HAT

ISTHEDENSITYOFSODCHLORIDE 9(##;

2 $HROMIUMCRYSTALLISESWITHBCCLATTICE5HEUNITCELLLENGTHISPM$ALCULATEATOMICRAD8HATWOULD

BETHEDENSITYOFCHROMIUM 9(##;

G

Documents

Bansal.test.solidstate.pdf