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TNG LIN ON LAO NG VIT NAM I HC TN C THNG KHOA IN IN T B MN IU KHIN T NG

BO CO N 1 ti:

HIU NG LED N CO CAI T THI GIAN DUNG VI IU KHIN.

GVHD : Ths.L Anh Tun. SVTH : L Duy Khang. MSSV : 40900131. LP : 09040003.

TP.HCM, ngy 28 thng 04 nm 2012.

Hiu ng led n co cai t thi gian dung vi iu khin

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TNG LIN ON LAO NG VIT NAM I HC TN C THNG KHOA IN IN T B MN IU KHIN T NG

BO CO N 1 ti:

HIU NG LED N CO CAI T THI GIAN DUNG VI IU KHIN.

GVHD : Ths.L Anh Tun. SVTH : L Duy Khang. MSSV : 40900131. LP : 09040003.

TP.HCM, ngy 28 thng 04 nm 2012.

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TRNG H TN C THNG KHOA IN - IN T

CNG HOA XA HI CHU NGHIA VIT NAM c lp-T do-Hanh Phuc =====***=====

NHIM VU AN MN HOC 1Ho va tn:L Duy Khang Nganh:T ng iu Khin I. tai: Hiu ng led n co cai t thi gian dung vi iu khin. II. Nhim vu tai: _ S dung vi iu khin lp trinh tao hiu ng 10 led n sang dn va tt dn. _ Yu cu hiu ng c thc hin trong cac khoang thi gian cai t qua cac nut nhn,dung led 7 oan hin thi thi gian. _ Thi cng phn cng,hiu cac thanh phn trong mach cng,tim hiu phn mm lp trinh va nap cho vi iu khin _ Ve lu giai thut lp trinh. _ Hiu nguyn ly hoat ng cua mach va vit chng trinh. _ Vit bao cao. III.Ngay giao an: 20/02/2012. IV.Ngay np an: 28/04/2012. V.Ngay bao v trc hi ng: T 02/05/2012 n 08/05/2012. VI.Ho va tn GVHD: Ths.L Anh Tun. Tp.HCM,ngay 20 thang 02 nm 2012. CNBM.iu khin t ng Ts.Vo Hoang Duy Giang vin hng dn Ths.L Anh Tun MSSV:40900131 Lp:09040003

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NHN XT GIO VIN HNG DN .. . ...

TP. H Ch Minh, ngy 28 thang 04 nm 2012. Giao Vin Hng Dn

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Hiu ng led n co cai t thi gian dung vi iu khinThs.L Anh Tun

LI CM NLi u tin em xin cam n n quy thy c a tao iu kin cho chung em c tip cn vi thc t,c t duy sang tao mt cach c lp th nay. Nhng gi chung em hoc t thy c a c ap dung trit trong an 1 nay.Qua o chung em cang hiu thm v tinh thc t va hu ich cua nhng ly thuyt minh a tng hoc trong nhng nm u. Sau khi tip xuc thc t chung em mi hiu la minh con thiu sot rt nhiu va bit c minh co yu thich nganh ngh minh a chon va ang hoc hay khng. Em cung xin gi li cam n n Giao vin hng dn cho em la thy L Anh Tun a phn cng cho em tai rt hu ich,co nhiu th cn kham pha,cn hoc hoi.Bn canh o thy cung a hng dn rt nhit tinh giup em co th bao cao an c tt hn Li cui cung em xin chn thanh cam n tt ca thy c trong khoa va chuc sc khoe n cac thy c!

TP. H Ch Minh, ngay 28 thang 04 nm 2012. Sinh Vin Thc Hanh

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L Duy Khang

LI M UNgy nay, vi nhng ng dng ca khoa hc k thut tin tin, th gii ca chng ta v ang ngy mt thay i, vn minh v hin i hn. S pht trin ca k thut in t to ra hng lot nhng thit b vi cc c im ni bt nh s chnh xc cao, tc nhanh, gn nh l nhng yu t rt cn thit gp phn cho hot ng ca con ngi t hiu qu cao. Cc b iu khin s dng vi iu khin tuy n gin nhng vn hnh v s dng c li l mt iu rt phc tp. Cc b vi iu khin theo thi gian cng vi s pht trin ca cng ngh bn dn tin trin rt nhanh, t cc b vi iu khin 4 bit n gin n cc b vi iu khin 32 bit, ri sau ny l 64 bit. in t ang tr thnh mt ngnh khoa hc a nhim v. in t p ng c nhng i hi khng ngng t cc lnh vc cng nng lm ng nghip cho n cc nhu cu cn thit trong hot ng i sng hng ngy. Mt trong nhng loi Vi iu Khin c s dng rng ri v lu i nht l h Vi iu Khin 8051. n 1 nay,em xin gii thiu n quy thy c mt ng dung cua Vi iu Khin 8051 la iu khin led n co cai t thi gian dung Vi iu Khin 8051.

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MC LC muc Trang Trang bia.......................................................................................................i Nhim vu an.............................................................................................ii Nhn xet cua giao vin..................................................................................iii Li cam n.....................................................................................................iv Li m u.....................................................................................................v Lit k bang..................................................................................................vii Lit k hinh...................................................................................................viii Chng I: C S Ly Thuyt I.1 Gii thiu tng quan vi x ly 8051...........................................................1 I.2 Gii thiu tng quat IC 74LS47...................................................................................6 Chng II: Thit K San Phm II.1 S ly........................................................................................8 II.2 Nguyn ly ng.................................................................................9 II.3 S thut.........................................................................................9 II.4 Chng trinh mm.........................................................................11 II.5 Mt s anh.......................................................................................14 nguyn hoat giai phn hinh

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Hiu ng led n co cai t thi gian dung vi iu khinChng III: Kt Lun Va Nghi III.1 lun..................................................................................................18 III.2 Hng trin....................................................................................18 Thng tin nhn........................................................................................19

Kt phat ca

LIT K BNGBang TrangBang I.1 Mt s chc nng c bit cua cac chn Port 3.................................4

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LIT K HNHHnh Trang

Hnh I.1 S khi ca AT89C51.........................................................................2 Hnh I.2 S chn ca AT89C51.........................................................................2 Hnh I.3 Port 0.........................................................................................................3 Hnh I.4 Port 1.........................................................................................................3 Hnh I.5 Port 2.........................................................................................................4 Hnh I.6 Port 3.........................................................................................................4 Hinh I.7 S chn IC 74LS47..............................................................................6 Hinh I.8 S lc cach thc hoat ng ic 74ls47......................................................6

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Hiu ng led n co cai t thi gian dung vi iu khinHinh I.9 - Gia tri hin thi trn LED 7 oan.................................................................7 Hinh I.10 Bang gia tri logic giai ma cua 74ls47.......................................................7 Hinh II.2 - Mach vi x ly AT89C51...........................................................................14 Hinh II.3 - Mach hoat ng.........................................................................................14 Hinh II.4 Ch 20s.................................................................................................15 Hinh II.5 Ch 30s.................................................................................................15 Hinh II.6 Ch 50s.................................................................................................16 Hinh II.7 Mach m phong.........................................................................................16 Hinh II.8 Mach in orcad.............................................................................................17

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Chng I

C S LY THUYT

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I.1 Gii thiu tng qut Vi X L 8051 IC AT89C51 thuc ho 8051 cua Intel, nhng by gi chu yu c san xut bi hang Atmel vi cac loai nh: AT89C51,AT89C52,AT89S52, S lc v cu truc phn cng IC 8051 Cc c im ca 8951 c tm tt nh sau: - 4KB b nh, c th lp trnh li nhanh, c kh nng ghi xa ti 1000 chu k - Tn s hoat ng ti a n 24 MHz - 3 mc kha b nh lp trnh - 2 b Timer/Counter 16 bit - 128 Byte RAM ni - 4 Port xut/nhp (I/O) 8 bit - Giao tip ni tip - 64 KB vng nh m ngoi - 64 KB vng nh d liu ngoi - X l Boolean (hot ng trn bit n) - 210 v tr nh c th nh v bit - 4s cho hot ng nhn hoc chia

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Hiu ng led n co cai t thi gian dung vi iu khina S khi v s chn ca AT89C51INT1\ INT0\ SERIAL PORT TEMER0 TEMER1 TEMER2 8032\8052

128 byte RAM 8032\8052INTERRUPT CONTROL

OTHER REGISTER

128 byte RAM

ROM 0K: 8031\8032 4K:8951 8K:8052

TEMER2 8032\8052 TEMER1 TEMER1

CPU

BUS CONTROL OSCILATOR

I/O PORT

SERIAL PORT

EA\ RST

ALE\ PSEN\

P0 P1 P2 P3 Address\Data

TXD RXD

Hnh I.1 S khi ca AT89C51

Hnh I.2 S chn ca AT89C51

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Hiu ng led n co cai t thi gian dung vi iu khinb Chc nng cc chn ca AT89C51 + Port 0 (P0.0 P0.7 hay chn 32 39): Ngoi chc nng xut nhp ra, port 0 cn l bus a hp d liu v a ch (AD0 AD7), chc nng ny s c s dng khi AT89C51 giao tip vi thit b ngoi c kin trc bus.

Hnh I.3 Port 0

+ Port 1 (P1.0 P1.7 hay chn 1 8): c chc nng xut nhp theo bit v byte.

Hnh I.4 Port 1

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Hiu ng led n co cai t thi gian dung vi iu khin+ Port 2 (P2.0 P2.7 hay chn 21 28): c chc nng xut nhp theo bit v byte.

Hnh I.5 Port 2 + Port 3 (P3.0 P3.7 hay chn 10 17): mi chn trn port 3 ngoi chc nng xut nhp ra cn c mt s chc nng c bit sau: Bang I.1 Mt s chc nng c bit cua cac chn Port 3 Bit P3.0 P3.1 P3.2 P3.3 P3.4 P3.5 P3.6 P3.7 Tn RXD TXD INT0 INT1 T0 T1 WR RD Chc nng chuyn i D liu nhn cho port ni tip D liu truyn cho port ni tip Ngt bn ngoi 0 Ngt bn ngoi 1 Ng vo ca Timer/Counter 0 Ng vo ca Timer/Counter 1 Xung ghi b nh d liu ngoi Xung c b nh d liu ngoi

Hnh I.6 Port 3

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+ RST (Reset chn 9): mc tch cc ca chn ny l mc 1, reset ta phi a mc 1 (5V) n chn ny vi thi gian ti thiu 2 chu k my (tng ng 2s i vi thch anh 12MHz. + XTAL 1, XTAL 2: AT89C51 c mt b dao ng trn chip, n thng c ni vi mt b dao ng thch anh c tn s ln nht l 24MHz, thng thng l 12MHz. + EA (External Access): EA thng c mc ln mc cao (+5V) hoc mc thp (GND). Nu mc cao, b vi iu khin thi hnh chng trnh t ROM ni. Nu mc thp, chng trnh ch c thi hnh t b nh m rng. + ALE (Address Latch Enable): ALE l tn hiu cht a ch vo mt thanh ghi bn ngoi trong na u ca chu k b nh. Sau cc ng port 0 dng xut hoc nhp d liu trong na chu k sau ca b nh. + PSEN (Program Store Enable): PSEN l iu khin cho php b nh chng trnh m rng v thng c ni vi n chn /OE (Output Enable) ca mt EPROM cho php c cc bytes m lnh. PSEN s mc thp trong thi gian c lnh. Cc m nh phn ca chng trnh c c t EPROM qua Bus v c cht vo thanh ghi lnh ca b vi iu khin gii m lnh. Khi thi hnh chng trnh trong ROM ni, PSEN s mc th ng (mc cao). + Vcc, GND: AT89C51 dng ngun mt chiu c di in p t 4V 5.5V c cp qua chn 40 (Vcc) v chn 20 (GND).

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Hiu ng led n co cai t thi gian dung vi iu khinI.2 Gii thiu tng quat IC 74LS47:

Hinh I.7 S chn IC 74LS47 Chc nng: - Mt trong nhng IC ph bin trong in t s. C rt nhiu k hiu khc nhau ty thuc vo hng v kh nng p ng nh: 74HC47, 74HCT47,74LS47. ng dng: -y l IC gii m k ginh ring cho LED 7 oan Anot chung. ng dng khi ta cn hin th s trn led 7 oan trong mch s m khng cn dng vi x l hoc mun tit kim chn.

Hinh I.8 S lc cach thc hoat ng ic 74ls47

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Hiu ng led n co cai t thi gian dung vi iu khinCc thc hot ng: - S nguyn l: Nh s trn, trong A,B,C,D ( Ni vi Vi x l, mch s counter,), BI/RBO,RBI,LT ( chn iu khin ca 7447, ty thuc vo nhu cu s ni khc nhau), Chn QA,QB,QC,QD,QE,QF,QG ni ln lt vi chn a,b,c,d,e,f,g ca led 7 oan anot chung. - M t cch thc hot ng nh sau: PORT A,B,C,D : u vo ca 7447, nhn cc gi tr theo nh phn (BCD) t 0 ti 15, tng ng vi mi gi tr nhn c s gii m ra u ra Q tng ng. PORT QA-QG : Ni trc tip LED 7 thanh vi QA=a,QB=b,QC=c,QD=d,QE=e,QF=f,QG=g, gi tr hin th trn LED 7 oan ph thuc vo gi tr u vo PORTA,B,C,D theo bng sau:

Hinh I.9 - Gia tri hin thi trn LED 7 oan -BI/RBO,RBI,LT : Chn iu khin ca 7447, hiu r ta cn tm hiu mc bng logic sau ( kch hot IC 7447 hot ng ch cn ni BI/RBO=LT=1 ):

Hinh I.10 Bang gia tri logic giai ma cua 74ls47

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Chng II

THIT K SAN PHM

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II.1 S nguyn ly:

Hinh II.1 S nguyn ly -Gii thch gi tr in tr:

st p ca led Vled = 1.8 ~ 2.5v =>chn 2v st p chn vi iu khin Va = 0.9v dng led sng p I = 10 ~ 20 mA => chn 10mA R= = = 210 => chn R= 220

-Mch to dao ng: dng thch anh 12MHz v 2 con t 33p n nh tn. -Mch RESET: dng t 10 F v in tr 10k to mch reset cho IC

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II.2 Nguyn ly hoat ng: Mach co 10 led vi 2 hiu ng khac nhau:sang dn tt dn va nhp nhay ng thi. Mach co 3 nut nhn th hin 3 thi gian khac nhau 20s,30s,50s. Sau khi cp ngun,nhn nut 20s,10 led sang dn tt dn trong 20s,led 7 oan ng thi m n ht 20s.Sau khi ht 20s,led 7 oan a v 0,led nhp nhay ng thi 4 ln ri quay lai chu ky u,led 7 oan tip tuc m lai 20s va 10 led lai sang dn tt dn Tng t cho cac nut 30s va 50s,10 led sang dn tt dn trong khoang thi gian o.Sau khi ht khoang thi gian o,10 led nhp nhay ng loat 4 ln va lai quay v chu ky u. Trong khi led 7 oan ang m va 10 led ang sang dn tt dn,nu ta nhn nut thi gian khac thi led 7 oan se m lai t u ng vi khoang thi gian o. Khi led 7 oan m ht thi gian v 0 thi 10 led sang dn hoc tt dn ang vi tri led nao thi sau khi ht hiu ng nhp nhay,10 led se sang dn hoc tt dn tip tuc vi tri o. n nut Reset thi mach tr lai trang thai ban u khi mi cp ngun. II.3 S giai thut: Begin

Khai bao cac gia tri ban u

Nh n nut?

Nhn nut nao? 20s?30s?50s?

20 s

30 sTrang 9

50 s


m ngc 20s va 10 led sang dn tt dn



m v 0?

m v 0?

m v 0?

10 led ng loat nhp nhay 4 ln



S Reset? Reset?

S Reset?

S

End

II.4 Chng trinh phn mm:

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org 00h ljmp main org 03h ljmp hai org 13h ljmp ba org 0bh ljmp nam org 1bh ljmp ngat1s org 30h main: ;======thiet lap interupt===== mov ie,#8fh setb it0 setb it1 mov tmod,#00010110b mov th0,#-1 mov tl0,#-1 setb tr0 sogiay equ 7fh mov sogiay,#0 mov r1,#0 mov r2,#20 mov p3,#0ffh mov p0,#0ffh ;====***=== mainloop: mov th1,#3ch mov tl1,#0b0h zero: mov r1,sogiay mov a,r1 jz zero lcall display setb tr1 loop: mov p1,#0feh lcall delay200ms mov p1,#0fch lcall delay200ms mov p1,#0f8h lcall delay200ms mov p1,#0f0h lcall delay200ms mov p1,#0e0h lcall delay200ms

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mov p1,#0c0h lcall delay200ms mov p1,#80h lcall delay200ms mov p1,#0 lcall delay200ms mov p2,#0feh lcall delay200ms mov p2,#0fch lcall delay200ms mov p2,#0feh lcall delay200ms mov p2,#0ffh lcall delay200ms mov p1,#80h lcall delay200ms mov p1,#0c0h lcall delay200ms mov p1,#0e0h lcall delay200ms mov p1,#0f0h lcall delay200ms mov p1,#0f8h lcall delay200ms mov p1,#0fch lcall delay200ms mov p1,#0feh lcall delay200ms mov p1,#0ffh lcall delay200ms ljmp loop ;=====sogiay=== hai: mov sogiay,#20 mov r1,sogiay lcall display clr a reti ba: mov sogiay,#30 mov r1,sogiay lcall display clr a reti nam: clr tr0 clr tf0 mov sogiay,#50

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mov r1,sogiay lcall display mov th0,#-1 mov tl0,#-1 setb tr0 clr a reti ngat1s: clr tr1 djnz r2,goon mov r2,#20 dec r1 lcall display mov r7,a mov a,r1 cjne a,#0,next sjmp theend next: mov a,r7 ljmp goon theend: mov r4,#4 loopend: mov p1,#0 mov p2,#0 lcall delay200ms mov p1,#0ffh mov p2,#0ffh lcall delay200ms djnz r4,loopend mov r1,sogiay lcall display setb tr1 reti goon: mov th1,#3ch mov tl1,#0b0h setb tr1 reti ;========display======== display: mov r7,a mov a,r1 mov b,#10 div ab swap a orl a,b mov p0,a

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mov a,r7 ret ;======================== delay200ms: mov r5,#100 loop3: mov r6,#100 loop2: mov r7,#10 djnz r7,$ djnz r6,loop2 djnz r5,loop3 ret end II.5 Mt s hinh anh:

Hinh II.2 - Mach vi x ly AT89C51

Hinh II.3 - Mach hoat ng

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Hinh II.4 Ch 20s

Hinh II.5 Ch 30s

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Hinh II.6 Ch 50s

Hinh II.7 Mach m phong

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Hinh II.8 Mach in orcad

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Chng III

KT LUN VA NGHI

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III.1 Kt lun: Mch c thit k vi vi x l AT89C51 nn c th hot ng n nh v lu di. Mch ch cn ngun nui t 7 n 24 VDC. Led sang kha u ep nhng do mach vi x ly va mach hoat ng chinh ring nn phai ni jumper kha nhiu. Mach co th thay i thi gian linh hoat bng cach n nut va khi khi ng chi cn n 1 trong 3 nut thi gian la mach co th chay lin tuc ng vi thi gian a chon. Luc ve mach orcad thi phai ve ln nu khng cac ng ng d t nn tinh thm my khng cao,khng nho gon. Trong luc ve mach orcad con nhiu sai sot nn khi han mach phai chinh sa kha nhiu. Khi khoan va han mach do ln u lam mach nn dn n mt s li c ban lam cho mach thiu thm my. Chng trinh vit kha dai va cha hoan hao lm. Tuy mach a hin thi nh yu cu nhng ring chc nng reset a bi li. Cach khc phuc: - Ln sau nu ve mach orcad thi a ca mach vi x ly va mach hoat ng chinh lam mt. - Cn hoc hoi nhiu hn kin thc v ve mach orcad co th ve mach hoan chinh hn. - Ren luyn thm v ky nng lam phn cng cua mach. - Kim tra ki cang,tim cach khc phuc chc nng reset. - Hoc hoi thm v cach vit va hiu ro chng trinh hn. V mt thc t: Mach co th ng dung trong cac bin quang cao,trang tri nhng tinh thc t khng cao lm vi mach con nm trong pham vi an,chc nng cua mach con n gian,tinh my thut con thp,cha ap ng c yu cu cua xa hi hin ai hin nay. III.2 Hng phat trin: - Thay led 7 on bng hin th LCD d dng thao tc v qun l. - Phat trin thm mt s dang hin thi va cac mau led khac nhau mach co th ng dung vao cac bin quang cao quy m hn,ep hn. - Thit k trn mt mach duy nht,tinh toan ky lng giam thiu s jumper,phu hp vi yu cu thm my.

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THNG TIN C NHNH tn: L Duy Khang Ngy sinh: 07/11/1991 Qu qun: TP.H Chi Minh a ch: 26 ng 13 phng 4 qun 4 tp.hcm in thoi: 0923442371 E-mail: [email protected]

Nghin cu khoa hc sinh vin: C ti: Khng x

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