Bo co Thc Tp Tt Nghip Trung tm Dch V Vin Thng Khu Vc IIIMc LcTHUT NG VIT TT..2CHNG 1: GII THIU TNG QUAN41.1Gii thiu v Trung Tm Dch V Vin Thng Khu Vc III41.2Mng 3G ti Vit Nam41.2.1S cn thit phi trin khai mng 3G41.2.2Cc dch v 3G ph bin ti Vit Nam5CHNG 2: TM HIU V MNG DI NG UMTS62.1S ra i ca h thng thng tin di ng th h th 362.2Pht trin ln 3G t mng 2G (GSM)62.3Di tn cp pht cho mng UMTS82.4Cc phin bn ca mng UMTS82.5S h thng UMTS102.5.1User Equipment (UE)112.5.2Mng truy nhp v tuyn UTRAN (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Acess Network)122.5.3Mng li CN (Core Network)122.5.4Cc giao din trong mng UMTS162.5.5Quy hoch mng li trong mng UMTS.17CHNG 3: TM HIU THC T V H THNG NODE B TI TRUNG TM VINAPHONE III193.1Gii thiu v h thng Node B193.2Cc thit b chnh ca h thng Node B203.2.1ZXSDR B8200 GU360203.2.2R8840243.2.3B chng st trong nh (ILP)263.2.4B chng st ngoi tri (OLP)273.3u ni thit b283.3.1S u ni283.3.2Quy trnh lp t293.4 Cc m hnh mng ng dng303.4.1 M hnh mng hnh sao.303.4.2 M hnh mng xu chui.303.4.3 M hnh mng vng313.5Phn tch s c thng gp v cc bin php khc phc323.4.1Cc s c i vi h thng qun l323.4.2Cc s c i vi ngi dng33

THUT NG VIT TT T vit ttTing AnhTing Vit

AUCAUthentication CenterTrung tm chng thc

BBUBaseband UnitThit b di nn.

BSCBase Station ControllerB iu khin trm gc

BTSBase Transceiver StationzTrm thu pht gc

EDGEEnhanced Data Rates for GSM EvolutionNng cao tc gi liu cho mng GSM tin tin.

ETSIEuropean Telecommunications Standards InstituteHip hi Tiu chun Vin thng chu u.

FDMAFrequency division multiple accessa truy cp phn chia theo tn s

GGSNGateway GPRS support nodeNode h tr cng mng GPRS.

GMSCGateway Mobile Station Switching CenterCng trung tm chuyn mch trm di ng

GPRSGeneral Packet Radio ServiceDch v v tuyn gi tng hp

GSMGlobal system for mobile communicationH thng thng tin di ng ton cu

HLR Home Location RegisterThanh ghi v tr thng tr

HSDPAHigh-Speed Downlink Packet AccessTruy cp tuyn xung tc cao

HSUPAHigh-Speed Uplink Packet AccessTruy cp tuyn ln tc cao.

ILPIndoor Lighting ProtectorB chng st trong nh.

IMSIP Multimedia SubsystemH thng IP a phng tin

ISDNIntegrated Services Digital NetworkMng s tch hp dch v.

ITUInternational Telecommunication UnionLin minh Vin thng Quc t

LALocation AreaVng v tr

LTELong Term EvolutionTin ha di hn

MEMobile EquipmentThit b di ng

MSCMobile Station Switching CenterTrung tm chuyn mch trm di ng

OFDMAOrthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Accessa truy cp phn chia theo tn s trc giao.

OLPOutdoor Lighting ProtectorB chng st ngoi tri.

O&MOperation and MaintenanceHot ng v bo tr

PSTNPublic switched telephone networkMng chuyn mch in thoi cng cng.

RARouting AreaVng nh tuyn

RFRadio FrequencyTn s v tuyn

RNCRadio Network ControllerB iu khin mng v tuyn

RRURemote Radio UnitThit b v tuyn t xa.

SGSNServing GPRS support nodeNode h tr dng v GPRS.

TDMATime division multiple accessa truy cp phn chia theo thi gian

UEUser EquipmentThit b ngi dng

UMTSUniversal Mobile Telecommunications SystemsH thng vin thng di ng ton cu

USIMUniversal Subcriber Identity ModuleM-un nhn din thu bao ton cu.

UTRANUniversal Terrestrial Radio Access NetworkMng truy cp v tuyn UTRAN.

VLRVisitor Location RegisterThanh ghi v tr tm tr.

WCDMAWideband Code Division Multiple Accessa truy cp phn m bng rng

3GPPThe 3rd Generation Partnership ProjectD n i tc th h th 3

CHNG 1 GII THIU TNG QUAN1.1 Gii thiu v Trung Tm Dch V Vin Thng Khu Vc IIITrung Tm Dch V Vin Thng Khu Vc III c a ch ti s 4, ng Nguyn Vn Linh, thnh ph Nng, trc thuc Cng ty dch v vin thng (VinaPhone) l mt trong 2 mng di ng u tin c cp php cung cp dch v ti th trng Vit Nam sau Mobifone v u thuc Tp on Bu chnh Vin thng Vit Nam (VNPT). Mng Vinaphone t khi thnh lp nm 1996 trin khai h thng thng tin di ng GSM 900, sau m rng thm bng tn GSM 1800 v vo thng 10/2009 tr thnh mng di ng u tin Vit Nam cung cp dch v 3G theo chun WCDMA. Hin nay, Vinaphone c 3 Trung tm: 01 Trung tm ti H Ni, 01 Trung tm ti H Ch Minh v 01 Trung tm ti Nng, m bo vic qun l, gim st, iu hnh, pht trin h tng phc v ph sng v dch v ti 64/64 tnh, thnh ph. Trung Tm Dch V Vin Thng Khu Vc III (VNP3), c thnh lp vo nm 1997 , qun l 13 tnh thnh ph khu vc min trung t Qung Bnh n Khnh Ha bao gm c cc tnh Ty Nguyn..1.2 Mng 3G ti Vit Nam1.2.1 S cn thit phi trin khai mng 3GS pht trin nhanh chng ca dch v s liu m IP t ra cc yu cu mi i vi cng ngh vin thng di ng. Thng tin di ng th h 2 mc d s dng cng ngh s nhng l h thng bng hp v c xy dng trn c ch chuyn mch knh nn khng th p ng c dch v mi ny. 3G (third-generation) , cng ngh truyn thng th h th ba l giai on tip theo trong s tin ha ca ngnh vin thng di ng . N mang li cho ngi dng cc dch v gi tr gia tng cao cp, gip chng ta thc hin cc dch v truyn thng thoi v d liu (nh e-mail ,tin nhn dng vn bn), download m thanh v hnh nh vi bng tn cao, nhng cng ng thi m bo s pht trin lin tc ca h thng thng tin di ng th h th hai (2G) v l nn tng vng chc trc khi tin ln cng ngh 4G.1.2.2 Cc dch v 3G ph bin ti Vit Nam- Mobile Internet l dch v truy nhp Internet trc tip t my in thoi di ng thng qua cc cng ngh truyn d liu GPRS/EDGE/3G. Khch hng c th c bo, xem video t Internet, ti nh, video cng nh gi nhn mail .- Mobile TV l dch v cho php xem cc knh truyn hnh trc tip (Live TV) v cc ni dung thng tin theo yu cu (ca nhc, phim, video clip) trn mn hnh in thoi di ng. - Video Call l dch v thoi thy hnh , cho php cc thu bao khi ang m thoi c th nhn thy hnh nh trc tip ca nhau thng qua camera ca my in thoi di ng.- Mobile Camera l dch v cho php thu bao c th theo di trc tip ngay trn mn hnh in thoi di ng cc hnh nh thu c t cc my quay t ti cc nt giao thng, im cng cng , nh ring - Mobile Broadband : ezcom l dch v truy cp internet t my tnh thng qua cng ngh truyn d liu trn mng in thoi di ng. - 3G Portal l dch v Cng thng tin gip ngi dng c th s dng nhiu dch v lin quan nh c tin tc, nghe nhc, xem phim, lu tr, ti ng dng, email, game

CHNG 2TM HIU V MNG DI NG UMTS2.1S ra i ca h thng thng tin di ng th h th 3S pht trin nhanh chng ca dch v s liu m IP t ra cc yu cu mi i vi cng ngh vin thng di ng. Thng tin di ng th h 2 mc d s dng cng ngh s nhng l h thng bng hp v c xy dng trn c ch chuyn mch knh nn khng th p ng c dch v mi ny. Do , ngay t u nhng nm 90 ca th k 20, Hip hi Tiu chun Vin thng chu u (ETSI) bt u trng cu phng n k thut ca tiu chun 3G v gi chung l UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications Systems). Song song vi Chu u, Lin minh Vin thng Quc t ITU a ra n tiu chun ho h thng thng tin di ng th h ba vi tn gi IMT-2000 t c cc mc tiu : nng cao kh nng ca h thng, c kh nng s dng nn tng l mng 2G, h tr cc dch v a phng tin v cc dch v d liu gi tc cao. Nhiu tiu chun cho h thng thng tin di ng th h ba IMT-2000 c xut, trong hai h tiu chun WCDMA (UMTS) v CDMA-2000 c ITU chp thun v c a vo hot ng.UMTS cung cp mt bc pht trin c chuyn t mng GSM ln vic truyn v ti d liu vi mt tc v dung lng cao hn hn. Mc d UMTS s dng li phn ln mng li ca GSM nhng phn truy xut v tuyn n dng cng ngh khc, l cng ngh WCDMA vi mt dung lng knh ln hn nhiu (5MHz so vi 200kHZ ca GSM). UMTS h tr nhiu dch v multimedia ,tt hn v tc truyn d liu cao hn. Tc chuyn mch gi ca UMTS c th ln n14Mbps, trong khi tc chuyn mch knh ti a l 384 kbps.Vi ngi dng chuyn mch gi, UMTS h tr HSDPA, vi tc down xung rt cao, v HSUPA c a ra nng cao tc upload. UMTS s dng di tn quy nh quc t 2GHz. + ng ln : 1885 2025 MHz+ ng xung : 2110 2200 MHz2.2Pht trin ln 3G t mng 2G (GSM)

Hnh 2.1 Hng pht trin t 2G ln 3GCc cng ngh GSM/GPRS/EDGE c cng mt c s nn tng l k thut truy cp TDMA v FDMA v vy hot ng trn cng mt bng thng (vi mi knh bng tn s 200kHz). S nng cp do cng khng qu phc tp. Khi nng cp ln 3G, cng ngh WCDMA hot ng trn mt k thut truy cp khc hon ton, l CDMA, do bng tn hot ng s phi tch bit vi GSM (WCDMA mi knh bng tn s l 5MHz). S cn mt di tn 3G mi khc vi tn s ang hot ng hin nay. S i mi nh vy s cn mt thit b thu pht sng BTS hon ton mi, c t tn l Node B, cng vi n l mt thit b qun l trm gc (BSC) mi, tn l iu khin mng v tuyn RNC (Radio Network Controller). Do tnh k tha khi nng cp, h thng mng li (tng i chuyn mch) hin hu vn c th c s dng kt ni vi mng v tuyn (Node B v RNC) ca cng ngh WCDMA mi. y, ngoi h thng v tuyn WCDMA (bao gm RNC v Node B) l cn u t mi, tt c h thng khc s c tn dng li.

2.3Di tn cp pht cho mng UMTS

Hnh 2.2 Di tn UMTS mt s quc gia v vng lnh thng l ra, vic cp pht tn s cho tt c cc h thng 3G phi c thng nht chung trn ton th gii. Tuy nhin, vic kim sot cp pht tn s li c quy nh bi cc c quan ring bit v khng c mt ph tn no l thng nht. Do , cc di tn khc nhau c gn cho mng UMTS l khc nhau cc nc v vng lnh th khc nhau. Khong cch gia cc knh thng thng l 5MHz, nhng n c th iu chnh ti u ha hot ng trong nhng trng hp khc nhau. Ti Vit Nam, B Thng Tin v Truyn Thng cp php trin khai mng 3G trong bng tn 1900 2200 Mhz.2.4Cc phin bn ca mng UMTSD n i tc th h th 3 (vit tt tn ting Anh l 3GPP) l mt s hp tc gia cc nhm hip hi vin thng, nhm to ra mt tiu chun k thut h thng in thoi di ng th h th 3 (3G) p dng ton cu nm trong d n Vin thng di ng quc t-2000 ca Lin minh Vin thng Quc t (ITU). Sau y l cc phin bn c xut bi 3GPP :- Phin bn 96 (Qu 1, nm 1997) : Cc c tnh ca GSM, tc d liu ngi dng 14.4 kbit/s. - Phin bn 97 (Qu 1-1998) : Cc c tnh ca GSM, GPRS.- Phin bn 98 (1998) : Cc c tnh ca GSM, AMR, EDGE, GPRS cho PCS1900- Phin bn 99 (Qu 1, nm 2000) : Quy nh u tin cho cc mng 3G UMTS, tch hp mt giao din v tuyn CDMA.- Phin bn 4 (Qu 2-2001) : Ban u gi l Phin bn 2000 - thm cc c tnh bao gm mt mng li ton-IP.- Phin bn 5 (Qu 1, nm 2002) : Gii thiu IMS v HSDPA- Phin bn 6 (Qu 4, nm 2004) : Tch hp hot ng vi cc mng Wireless LAN v thm HSUPA, MBMS, tng cng cho IMS nh B m qua mng di ng (PoC), GAN.- Phin bn 7(Qu 4, nm 2007) : Tp trung vo vic gim tr, ci thin QoS v cc ng dng thi gian thc nh VoIP. Ch tiu k thut ny cng tp trung vo HSPA+ (Tin ha truy cp gi cao tc), SIM.- Phin bn 8 (Qu 4, nm 2008): Phin bn LTE u tin. Mng ton-IP (SAE). Giao din v tuyn mi da trn OFDMA, FDE v MIMO, khng tng thch ngc vi cc giao din CDMA. - Phin bn 9(Qu 4, nm 2009): SAES tng cng, tng kt WiMAX v LTE/UMTS.

2.5S h thng UMTS

Hnh 2.1 S h thng mng UMTS- User Equipment (UE): c th l mt thit b di ng, mt trm c nh, hay mt thit b u cui d liu..UE bao gm USIM cha tt c cc thng tin ca ch thu bao.- Access Network: Bao gm tt c cc thit b v tuyn cn thit cho vic truy cp mng. N c th l UTRAN(Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network), hoc GERAN (GSM/EDGE Radio Access Network) .- Core Network : gm cc thit b c chc nng chuyn mch v nh tuyn dng kt ni n PSTN hoc Mng Chuyn Mch Gi, p ng kh nng di ng , qun l vi tr thu bao v cho cc dnh v chng thc.V mt chc nng c th chia cu trc mng UMTS ra lm hai phn : mng li (Core Network) v mng truy nhp v tuyn (UTRAN), trong mng li c th s dng ton b cu trc phn cng ca mng GSM/GPRS, cn mng truy nhp v tuyn l phn nng cp ca WCDMA. Ngoi ra hon thin h thng, cn c thit b ngi s dng (UE) thc hin giao din ngi s dng vi h thng. T quan im chun ha, c UE v UTRAN u bao gm nhng giao thc mi c thit k da trn cng ngh v tuyn WCDMA, tri li mng li c nh ngha hon ton da trn GSM. iu ny cho php h thng WCDMA pht trin mang tnh ton cu trn c s cng ngh GSM.

2.5.1User Equipment (UE)

Hnh 2.2 Thit b dnh cho ngi dngThit b UE c dng giao tip vi ngi s dng v giao din v tuyn. N gm hai thnh phn : Module nhn dng thu bao UMTS (USIM) v thit b di ng (ME).- USIM l mt th thng minh m nhnvic xc nhn thu bao, thc hin thut ton chng thc, lu gi kho m mt, kho chng thc v mt s cc thng tin v thu bao cn thit ti u cui. - ME l u cui v tuyn s dng giao tip v tuyn qua giao din Uu (giao din ny s c trnh by phn tip theo), bao gm tt c cc chc nng cn li ca UE.Thng thng, cc thng s k thut gip to ra s khc bit gia ME (cha c chc nng ca USIM ) v UE ( bao gm USIM). Cc thng s k thut c nh ngha cho mng GSM/GPRS cn phi c cp nht c th s dng cho mng UMTS.

2.5.2Mng truy nhp v tuyn UTRAN (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Acess Network)

UTRANHnh 2.3 Mng truy nhp v tuyn UTRANUTRAN l mng truy nhp v tuyn trong h thng WCDMA, thit lp tt c cc chc nng lin quan n v tuyn, bao gm mt hoc nhiu h thng mng v tuyn con RNS (Radio Network Subsystem). Mi RNS gm c mt b iu khin mng v tuyn RNC (Radio Network Controller) v mt hoc nhiu Node B. Mc ch chnh ca UTRAN l cung cp kt ni gia cc UE v mng li CN(Core Network). Node-B l mt thut ng s dng trong UMTS (v phng din chc nng, NodeB tng ng vi BTS ( Base Transceiver Station) trong mng GSM) v s dng cng ngh WCDMA trn ng v tuyn. Node B thc hin vic thu pht tn s v tuyn lin lc trc tip vi cc my di ng di chuyn t do xung quanh n. Mt Node B bao gm t nht l mt cell v thng thng l ba cells. RNC l thnh phn iu khin ton b cc chc nng ca UTRAN, qun l ti nguyn v tuyn in, mt s chc nng qun l di ng. N thc hin giao tip vi h thng mng li thng qua cc giao din Iu-CS v Iu-PS tng ng vi cc trng chuyn mch knh v chuyn mch gi. V phng din chc nng, RNC tng ng vi BSC trong mng GSM.2.5.3Mng li CN (Core Network)

Hnh 2.4 Mng li CNCc thnh phn ca mng li gm nhiu cc thnh phn k tha t mng li GSM v GPRS/EDGE bao gm: MSC/VLR, GMSC, SGSN, GGSN, HLR/AuC. MSC (Mobile Station Switching Center) MSC thc hin cc chc nng chuyn mch in thoi cho mng di ng. N iu khin cc cuc gi n v i t cc h thng in thoi v cc h thng d liu khc, nh mng Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN), Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN), mng d liu cng cng, d liu c nhn v cc mng di ng khc. GMSC (Gateway Mobile Station Switching Center)Bt k mt MSC no trong mng di ng c th thc hin chc nng nh mt gateway bng cch tch hp mt phn mm thch hp. GMSC chu trch nhim cung cp kt ni lin mng gia mng ni b v mng bn ngoi nh PSNT v ISDN.

Visitor Location Register (VLR)C s d liu ca VLR cha ng thng tin v tt c cc thu bao c nh v thng trc trong vng dch v ca mt MSC. Do , ch c mt VLR cho mi MSC trong mt mng. VLR lu tr tm thi thng tin v cc thu bao, do MSC c th phc v cc thu bao tm thi ng trong vng dch v ca n. Khi mt thu bao vo vng ph sng ca MSC mi, VLR s kt hp vi MSC yu cu thng tin v thu bao ny t HLR tng ng, lc ny VLR s c thng tin m bo cungcp dch v thu bao m khng cn hi li HLR mi ln thit lp cuc gi. VLR lun i km vi mt MSC. Home Location Register (HLR)HLR l mt c s d liu tp trung, lu tr v qun l tt c cc thu bao di ng. N ng vai tr nh mt b lu tr vnh vin thng tin thu bao ca mt ngi no cho n khi thu bao ny b hy b. Thng tin c lu tr bao gm:+ Subscriber identity: Cn cc thu bao.+ Subscriber supplementary services: Cc dch v thu bao b sung.+ Subscriber location information: Thng tin v tr thu bao.+ Subscriber authentication information: Thng tin chng thc thu bao.HLR c th c b sung vo cng mt node mng nh mt MSC hay nh mt c s d liu ring l. Nu s lng thu bao vt qu sc cha ca HLR th mt HLR khc s c thm vo. AUthentication Center (AUC)Thanh ghi AuC c dng cho mc ch bo mt. N cung cp cc tham s cn thit cho chc nng nhn thc v m ho. Cc tham s ny gip xc minh s nhn dng thu bao. Chc nng chnh ca AUC l chng thc cc thu bao ang c gng dng mt mng. Trong trng hp ny, n s dng b bo v mng chng li s gian ln nu c. AUC l c s d liu c kt ni n HLR, ni cung cp cho n cc thng s chng thc, cc kha m ha dng bo m cho an ninh mng. Serving GPRS support node (SGSN)SGSN chu trch nhim cung cp cc gi d liu t cc trm in thoi di ng trong khu vc dch v a l ca n. Nhim v ca SGSN bao gm nh tuyn gi d liu v chuyn giao, qun l di ng, qun l lin kt logic, chng thc v cc chc nng tnh ph. Cc thanh ghi ca SGSN cha cc thng tin v v tr, h s ngi dng GRPS ng k vi SGSN ny. Gateway GPRS support node (GGSN)GGSN chu trch nhim cung cp kt ni lin mng gia mng ni b v mng chuyn mch gi bn ngoi nh internet v mng X25.Mng li UMTS c kh nng h tr cho c hot ng chuyn mch knh (CS) v chuyn mch gi (PS). Cc b MSC/VLR v GMSC phc v cho min chuyn mch knh. Trong khi , cc node h tr dch v GPRS (Serving GPRS Support Node SGSN ) v node h tr cng mng GPRS (Gateway GPRS Support Node - GGSN) li phc v cho min chuyn mch gi. C hai min chuyn mch knh v chuyn mch gi u cng nhau chia s mt HLR (Home Location Register) v trung tm chng thc AuC (Authentication Center). AuC c chc nng chng thc mi khi thu bao c nhu cu kt ni vi mng. Khi chng thc thnh cng th HLR c php qun l thu bao v cc dch v lin quan. Mng li UMTS c th kt ni vi c hai mng truy nhp GERAN v UTRAN. Trong mt vng a l m c hai h thng GSM/GPRS v WCDMA u hot ng, th s phi hp gia hai mng truy nhp ny c th cho php cc UE gm hai chc nng mng (2G v 3G) c th hot ng c trong c hai h thng,bng cch thc hin vic chuyn giao lin mng gia GSM/GPRS v WCDMA. Mng truy nhp GSM/GPRS s dng giao din A/Gb lin h vi mng li CN, cn mng UTRAN th s dng giao din mi mang tn Iu.

2.5.4Cc giao din trong mng UMTS* Cc giao din kt ni trong UE v gia UE vi UTRAN:- Giao din Cu: y l giao din gia th thng minh USIM v ME. Giao dinny tun theo tiu chun cho cc th thng minh.- Giao din Uu: y l giao din v tuyn WCDMA. Uu l giao din nh UE truy nhp c vi phn c nh ca h thng (gia Uu v Node B), cung cp bo hiu v cc ng d liu thng qua vic pht cc tn s v tuyn trong khng kh.* Cc giao din kt ni mng UTRAN:- Giao din Iu: Giao din ny kt ni UTRAN ti mng li. Giao din Iu gm IuCS v IuPS tng ng vi cc giao din tng thch trong GSM l giao din A (i vi chuyn mch knh) v Gb (i vi chuyn mch gi). Kt ni UTRAN n phn chuyn mch knh c thc hin qua giao din Iu-CS, giao din ny ni RNC n mt MSC/VLR. Kt ni UTRAN n phn chuyn mch gi c thc hin qua giao din Iu-PS, giao din ny ni RNC n mt SGSN. Giao din Iu em li cho cc b iu khin UMTS kh nng xy dng c UTRAN v CN t cc nh sn xut khc nhau.- Giao din Iur: Giao din m Iur cung cp bo hiu v ng d liu cho vic chuyn giao mm gia cc RNC.- Giao din Iub: Giao din Iub kt ni mt Node B v mt RNC. y l giao din m hon thin gia b iu khin v trm gc c chun ho. Ging nh cc giao din m khc, Iub thc y hn na tnh cnh tranh gia cc nh sn xut trong lnh vc ny.

2.5.5Quy hoch mng li trong mng UMTS.

Hnh 2.5 Topology mng UMTSCell l tn gi dng ch mt vng c ph sng v tuyn bi mt trm gc. Cc trm gc c xc nh trong mng UTRAN bng m ngu nhin ha s cp PSC (Primary Scrambling Code) v trong mng GERAN l m xc nh trm gc BSIC (Base Station Identity Code). Mt Node B bao gm mt nhm cc cell, theo cu hnh thng thng th mt Node B gm 3 cell.Trong min chuyn mch knh, mt tp hp cc cell c iu khin bi nhiu Node B c gi chung l vng v tr LA (Location Area). Vic qun l di ng trong dch v chuyn mch knh ph thuc vo cc LA, i vi hot ng chuyn mch gi th ph thuc vo cc vng nh tuyn RA ( Routing Area ). Cc cells, LA v RA c nhm li thnh vng ng k UTRAN (UTRAN Registration Area - URA), c dng qun l v tr ca UE khi n hot ng trong mng UTRAN trng thi kt ni vi mng.Ch c mt yu cu c tiu chun ha v mi quan h gia cc LA, RA v URA l mt RA phi l tp hp con ca mt v ch mt LA. Mt RA cng c th chnh l mt LA, hoc nhiu RA trong mt LA. Mt URA c th nh hn LA hoc RA. Mt cell c th nm trong 8 URA. Vic phn chia cc cell, LA, RA v URA l mt thch thc trong quy hoch mng UMTS.

CHNG 3TM HIU THC T V H THNG NODE B PHN TN TI TRUNG TM VINAPHONE 33.1Gii thiu v h thng Node B loi phn tn

Hnh 3.1 S h thng mng WCDMAS h thng mng WCDMA c th hin trn hnh v 3.1. Theo , NodeB loi phn tn c chia lm 2 phn gm : thit b di nn BBU (base band unit) v thit b v tuyn t xa RRU(remote radio unit). BBU thc hin phn x l tn hiu di nn, cn RRU thc hin phn x l RF. Ti trung tm VinaPhone 3, BBU l thit b ZXSDR B8200 GU360, v RRU l thit b R8840 ca ZTE. RRU p ng nhu cu truy cp ca UE v chc nng truyn khng dy thng quagiao din Uu bng cch thc hin cc cng vic sau:- X l tn hiu RF.- iu ch v gii iu ch.- o c, kim tra v bo co.- iu khin cng sut sng mang.- Phn tp thu.- Sa li v ng b. RRU kt ni vi BBU thng qua giao din quang thc hin cc cng vic sau - Truyn d liu thng minh.- Bo co thng tin cc php o.- Cu hnh chc nng RF.- ng b xung clock.- M ha/ gii m.- Ghp knh/ tch knh. BBU kt ni vi RNC/BSC thng quan giao din Abis/Iub thc hin cc cngvic sau:- Qun l cell.- Bo co thng tin t cc php o i vi Node B/ BTS.- Cung cp thng tin v h thng.- iu khin truy cp, qun l di ng, qun l ti nguyn v tuyn v iu khin cc yu cu t RNC gi n. Trn giao din O&M, BBU cn cung cp cc chc nng qun l h thng, baogm: - Qun l cu hnh.- Qun l li.- Nhn dng trng thi v phn tch h thng.3.2Cc thit b chnh ca h thng Node B3.2.1ZXSDR B8200 GU360*B ngoi:ZXSDR B8200 GU360 l thit b thuc lp truy nhp ca mng GSM/UMTS. N l thit b di nn hai chc nng c th hot ng ph hp vi mng GSM v UMTS, c nhim v truy nhp tn hiu thu bao di ng vo mng li. B8200 l loi thit b BBU.

Hnh 3.2 Hnh dng ca B8200B8200 c chiu cao 88.4 mm, chiu di 197 mm, chiu rng 482.6 mm, trng lng 8.7 kg.

Hnh 3.3 V tr cc cng kt ni.Tn gi v chc nng ca cc cng kt ni trn hnh 3.3 nh sau :S th t cngTn giChc nng

1Cng quang: di nn - RFCng ni B8200 v RRU bng si quang

2Cng ngunNi vi ngun -48V

3Cng sa li ni tipS dng sa li m-un cp ngun

4Giao din lin lc gia u vo v u ra; giao din E1/T1; giao din truyn thng cng serial. H tr 8 cng E1/T1; cc cng RS485/232; b ni chuyn tip 6+2 (6 tuyn u vo,2 tuyn hai chiu).

5Cng my thu bn ngoiKt ni vi my thu bn ngoi.

6Giao din si feeder ca anten GPSKt ni vi anten GPS bn ngoi hoc clock BITS

7Cng quang Iub/AbisCng quang kt ni RNC/BSC

8Giao din Iub/AbisGiao din kt ni RNC/BSC

9Cng g li mngDng g li NodeB v bo tr ni b

*c tnh thit b: - ZXSDR B8200 GU360 l mt loi thit b x l cc tn hiu trong bng tn c s, ch kp. N c th h tr ng thi cho mng GSM v mng UMTS bng cch chia s chung chc nng iu khin v truyn ti.- L thit b ng dng cng ngh chuyn mch IP, v cung cp giao din GE/FE.- C th h tr linh hot ti a 60 sng mang GSM v 12 sng mang UMTS.- Phn mm v phn cng ca ZXSDR B8200 GU360 h tr y cc tnh nng ca mng EDGE v WCDMA/HSPA.- H tr nhiu giao din Abis/Iub khc nhau; h tr truyn ghp knh v kt ni mng IP. H tr ti a 12 giao din quang kt ni vi RRU. Mt vi ZXSDR B8200 GU360 c th c ni tng v kt ni vi RNC/BSC thng qua mt knh GE/FE dng chung.- ZXSDR B8200 GU360 l thit b di nn lp t trong nh, vi chiu cao 88.4 mm, chiu di 197 mm, chiu rng 482.6 mm theo chuyn MicroTCA. Do , n c th d dng c gn trn tng vi khon khng gian nh v lp t linh hot. *Cu trc phn cng:

Hnh 3.4 Cu trc phn cng bn trong ca ZXSDR B8200 GU360Cc m-un ca ZXSDR B8200 GU360 gm c CC, FS, BPC, UBPG, PM, and SA nh trn hnh 3.4. Chc nng ca chng nh sau : CC : - Cung cp h thng xung clock.- Cung cp giao din Abis/Iub- Cung cp chc nng chuyn mch enthernet v nn tng chuyn mch lung bo hiu v tn hiu truyn thng. FS:- Chuyn mch tn hiu di nn.- Cung cp giao din gia BBU v RRU UBPG:- iu ch tn hiu di nn v tuyn xung c th s dng ti a 12 sng mang.- Gii iu ch tn hiu gii nn v tuyn xung c th s dng ti a 12 sng mang.- H tr iu khin cng sut tnh v iu khin cng sut ng. BPC:- M ha/ghp knh d liu cho tuyn xung, tng thch tc truyn, tng thch knh, xo trn tri ph, xc nh cng sut v tng hp knh.- M ha knh, gi d liu n giao din Iub x l- ng b ng truyn v tuyn, x l truyn d liu khung.- o c, iu khin cng sut, x l chuyn giao mm. SA:- Cung cp mn hnh cnh bo, iu khin tc ca ti a 9 qut lm mt.- Chu trch nhim gim st bo hiu v giao din vi b chng st.- Cung cp 6 giao din kt ni u vo, 2 giao din kt ni hai chiu vo/ra.- Cung cp 8 knh cho giao din E1/T1. PF :- C kh nng cp ngun 12V v 3.3V.- Chc nng qun l EMMC.- o c v n nh ngun, chng qu dng v qun l ti cp ngun.3.2.2R8840*B ngoi:

Hnh 3.5 Hnh dng ca R8840R8840 c chiu cao 370mm; chiu di 320mm; chiu rng 160mm; trng lng 16.5kg.

Hnh 3.6 V tr cc cng kt ni ca R8840Tn gi v chc nng ca cc cng kt ni trn hnh 3.6 nh sau :S th tTn giChc nng

1LC1Cng quang gia BBU v RRU

2LC2Cng ni vi mt RRU cascade

3AISGCng ni anten

4MonitorCng ni OLP

5PWRCng cp ngun DC hay AC

6ANT2Giao din ca cp RF (Rx)

7ANT1Giao din ca cp RF (Tx/Rx)

8RxoutGiao din m rng bng tn

9RxinGiao din m rng bng tn

10GroundCng tip t cho ton b thit b trong R8840

* c tnh thit b:- H tr kh nng cp ngun DC v AC: 220V AC v -48V DC.- Kt ni linh hot: h tr mng hnh sao, hnh vng, v mng chui.- Tit kim nng lng.- Cung cp giao din cho anten RET v b khuch i ca AISG.- H tr phn tp pht v phn tp thu.- Kch thc nh gn, nh , thun tin trong vic lp t v bo dng.*Cu trc phn cng:

Hnh 3.7 Cu trc phn cng bn trong ca R8840.R8840 p ng kh nng thu v pht tn hiu. S minh ha cho cu trc ca R8840 thc hin nhim v ny c trnh by trn hnh 3.7. N gm 3 m-un vi cc chc nng tng ng sau y : B truyn song cng (Duplexer): tch bit v lc cc tn hiu c truyn n v tn hiu pht i; tch hp thm chc nng khuch i nhiu thp LNA. B thu pht (Transceiver): chuyn i tn s, khuch i v lc tn hiu, chuyn i A/D hay D/A cho tn hiu RF cho uplink v downlink. B khuch i cng sut (Power Amplifier): khuch i tn hiu RF pht i.3.2.3B chng st trong nh (ILP) Hnh 3.8 nh minh ha cho thit b ILP.

Hnh 3.9 V tr cc cng kt ni ca ILP.Trn y l cc hnh nh minh ha cho ILP. V tr cc cng kt ni ca n c th hin trn hnh 3.9. Chc nng ca cc cng ny c trnh by trong bng sau :S th tChc nng

1Cng dng cho cp bo v ni t.

2Cng dng cho cp ni t ca OLP

3Cng dng cho cp ngun -48V ca OLP

4Cng dng cho cp ni t ca cabin

5Cng dng cho cp ngun -48V ca cabin

6Cng dng cho cp quan st b chng st t B8200

7Ni t cho lp bc ca cp ngun.

3.2.4B chng st ngoi tri (OLP) Hnh 3.10 nh minh ha cho thit b OLP

Hnh 3.11 V tr cc cng kt ni ca OLP.Trn y l cc hnh nh minh ha cho OLP. V tr cc cng kt ni ca n c th hin trn hnh 3.11. Chc nng ca cc cng ny c trnh by trong bng sau :S th tChc nngCp u ni

1Cp ngun cho OLPCp cng sut v bc, 2 li

2Ni t chc chn cho OLPCp bo v ni t 16mm2

3Cp ngun t R8840Cp ngun ca R8840

4Cp ngun t R8840Cp ngun ca R8840

5Cung cp kh nng gim st t R8840Cp gim st t R8840

3.3u ni thit b3.3.1S u ni

Hnh 3.12 S u ni thit b ca h thng Node B.Trn y l hnh v m t m hnh u ni c bn ca cc thit b h thng Node B, bao gm cc thit b RRU, BBU, anten, ILP, OLP v cc cp kt ni lin quan.3.3.2Quy trnh lp t

Lp t cp ngoi tri gia ILP v OLP; gia B8200 v R8840.Lp t anten.Kim tra li vic lp t.Kt thcLp t cc thit b trong nhLp t B8200Lp t ILPLp t cp cp ngun, cp n, cp bo v ni t cho cc thit b trong nh.Lp t cc thit b ngoi triLp t R8840Lp t OLPLp t cp cp ngun, cp n, cp bo v ni t cho cc thit b ngoi tri.

3.4 Cc m hnh mng ng dng3.4.1 M hnh mng hnh sao.

Hnh 3.13 M hnh mng hnh sao Thng thng, m hnh ny c ng dng trong khu vc th ,c mt dn s ng. M hnh ny cho php mi trm gc c th kt ni vi cc b nh tuyn truyn dn thng qua RNC. Trm gc ng vai tr nh l thit b u cui. Hnh 3.13 minh ha cho m hnh mng hnh sao.M hnh ny kh n gin, thun tin cho hot ng v bo tr. V tn hiu i qua t trm trung gian dc theo ng truyn hn, nn n nh truyn dn cng cao hn. So snh vi cc m hnh mng khc th m hnh ny tiu tn chiu di cp nhiu hn.3.4.2 M hnh mng xu chui.

Hnh 3.14 M hnh mng xu chui M hnh mng xu chui p dung cho nhng khu vc c mc dn c tha tht nh ng cao tc hay ng ray. trnh gim tc dng ng b ca xung clock, s trm gc ghp tng nn nh hn 4. Hnh 3.14 minh ha cho m hnh mng xu chui.M hnh ny c th gim thit b truyn dn trn quy m ln. Tuy nhin , v tn hiu phi i qua nhiu trm trung gian dc theo ng truyn nn n nh truyn dn thp hn.3.4.3 M hnh mng vng

Hnh 3.15 M hnh mng vng.M hnh mng vng thng c s dng trong nhng trng hp bnh thng m khng c yu cu c bit no. V n c kh nng d phng tt, nn c khuyn khch dng trn tuyn cng nhiu cng tt. Kh nng ny c th hin trong trng hp vng b t, n s hnh thnh nn hai tuyn truyn thng. Hnh 3.15 minh ha cho m hnh mng vng.M hnh ny c tnh n nh cao nh kh nng d phng tt. Khi vng b t, mng s t ng chuyn sang m hnh mng xu chui. Do , cht lng truyn dn c m bo, khng b gin on nu s c xy ra.

3.5Phn tch s c thng gp v cc bin php khc phcBng phn loi cc s c thng gp:Phn loiS c

i vi h thng qun lCPU lm vic mc cng sut cao

Bn knh ph sng di ng gim

i vi ngi dngT l truy cp thnh cng thp

Cht lng cuc gi km

Tc truy cp internet chm

Cc s c trn c phn tch nh sau:3.4.1Cc s c i vi h thng qun l CPU lm vic mc cng sut cao+ Biu hin v nh hng :Giao din cnh bo MMI ca h thng O&M c kh nng ua ra cc cnh bo v ti ca CPU hoc, khi ti CPU ny vt qu gi tr quy nh trong mt khong thi gian di. Vic ti ca CPU cao s l mt vn ln cn quan tm. Nu CPU hoc board CC c ti cao trong mt thi gian di s dn n tnh trng lm gim kh nng x l ca h thng. iu ny s gy ra tnh trng kh thc hin cuc gi v c th lm y b nh hay mt lin lc cho h thng. + Nguyn nhn : H thng hin qu ti, chng hn do lu lng qu cao. C qu nhiu php o c thit lp, dn n c nhiu bn tin thng bo cho cc php o . H thng c mt li ni b khn cp, gy xut hin hng lot bn tin cnh bo.+ X l: nh v li v tin hnh cch ly li bng cch kha cc board v cc phn gy ra li hoc s dng cc phng php khc nu h thng a ra mt s lng ln cc cnh bo. iu chnh k hoch o kim ph hp nu c qu nhiu bn tin bo hiu t cc php o. V d hy b mt s php o t quan trng, hoc thay i chu k o. Bn knh vng ph sng di ng gim + Biu hin v nh hng:Cht lng cuc gi ti vng ra ca cell gim v kt qu o t cc thit b o cho thy rng tn hiu ca trm thu pht ang suy gim. + Nguyn nhn: Mt vi thng s v tuyn c thit lp khng ng, c bit l cng sut pht ca knh pilot v cng sut pht ng xung, y l nhng thng s nh hng trc tip n vng ph sng ca trm gc. Cc c im v a hnh, a l xung quanh thay i, chng hn vic xy dng th cng nh hng n phm vi ph sng. Nhiu do sng in t trong khng gian gy ra hin tng nhim knh pilot. H thng RRU b li.+ X l:Tin hnh kho st thc t v kim tra ph ti ti khu vc xy ra tnh trng trn . Da trn c tnh mi trng xung quanh v kt qu ca cuc kho st s thc hin iu chnh li cc thng s v tuyn sao cho ph hp. Nn c mt i nguc nhn vin ti u mng chuyn nghim thc hin nhim v ny. 3.4.2Cc s c i vi ngi dng T l truy cp thnh cng thp+Biu hin v nh hng :Ngi s dng phn nh rng t l thc hin cuc gi thnh cng gim ng k, v tt c cc cuc gi khng th kt ni trong tt c cc trng hp. + Nguyn nhn: Cc bo mch hay thnh phn no y ca cc thit b lp truy nhp (gm BS v RNC) hoc phn thit b bn mng li (nh MSC) b li. Do khng c y ti nguyn ca h thng phc v cho nhu cu truy nhp ca ngi dng, v phn ln cc yu cu ny b t chi. Khi h thng hay phin bn phn mm c nng cp c th dn n phin bn phn mm khng tng thch vi mt vi thit b hay mt phn no y. Vic ny nh hng n hot ng thng thng ca h thng, c bit l gy ra s xo trn gia lung bo hiu v bn tin, dn n vic truy nhp ca ngi dng tr nn kh khn hn. Vic quy hoch mng li bc u cha tt hoc cu hnh ti nguyn mng khng chnh xc, dn n phn b ti nguyn dch v ca h thng khng hp l. Mt s vng c ti nguyn khng , c bit l nhng ni c lu lng cao, lm gim t l truy nhp thnh cng ca ngi dng. Ngi dng ang ni b nh hng ca sng in t gy nhiu, lm gim t s SNR.+ X l : Tin hnh ly thng k cht lng trn h thng xc nh t l truy nhp thnh cng ti khu vc ngi s dng phn nh, so snh n vi d liu thng k c. Nu ch s thng k khng gim ng k, th c kh nng ln v s xut hin ca mt nhiu in t bn ngoi. Khi cn phi: S dng my phn tch tn hiu v tuyn theo di qu trnh x l tn hiu v ghi li cc c tnh ca nhng trng hp gin on bt thng. S dng my phn tch ph qut cc di tn s ang s dng, pht hin bt k ngun nhiu no ang tn ti. Xc nh ngun nhiu v loi b n. Nu cc ch s thng k gim ng k, cn phi kim tra c xy ra li thit b, cc cu hnh ti nguyn, phin bn phn mm. C th nh sau: u tin, xc nh c phi ton b mng li, mt trm gc, hay ch mt cell b nh hng da trn cc thng tin phn nh t ngi dng. Kim tra cc cnh bo hin ti v cc lch s cnh bo trc . Kim tra trng thi lm vic ca cc thnh phn thit b, truyn dn v ngun ng b. X l bt k li no c tm thy. Lin tc gim st ti nguyn h thng, chng hn nh ti CPU, ti ng truyn, lu lng cell, ti knh v tuyn. iu chnh cc d liu cu hnh ti nguyn v nng cp dung lng ca thit b nu cn thit. Kim tra cc phin bn phn mm, phn cng ca mi thit b hay tng b phn, tin hnh x l khi pht hin cc phin bn khng tng thch. - Cht lng cuc gi km+ Biu hin v nh hng Rt cuc gi: Thng xuyn xy ra gin on bt thng trong sut cuc tr chuyn ca ngi dng. Thoi mt chiu: Mt bn khng th nghe bn kia ni g trong sut cuc tr chuyn. Ngt qung ting ni: Ting ni b ngt qung trong thi gian thoi.+ Nguyn nhn Chc nng gii iu ch ca thit b di ng km v s bin ng v cng tn hiu thu gy nh hng n cht lng cuc gi. Mt hoc c hai bn thit lp cuc gi ang ra ca cell hoc tn hiu b chn bi tc nhn a hnh hay ta nh, v vy cng tn hiu yu v dao ng ln. iu ny lm t l li khung tng cao, nh hng n cht lng cuc gi. Nhiu trng in t ln xut hin trong khng gian, bao gm: Nhiu knh pilot: Xy ra khi c nhiu hn 3 knh pilot c bin gn bng nhau trong cng mt vng ph sng. Nhiu sng mang : nu mt tn s no y gn vi tn s sng mang ca trm gc th n s l tn hiu nhiu mnh. Cng sut pht bt thng t cc cell ln cn: Cng sut pht t cc cell ln cn c bin dao ng trn 3dB gy ra nhiu ti cc vng chuyn giao mm chng ln gia cc cell ln cn . Ngi dng di chuyn lin tc trong sut cuc thoi. Tn hiu b chn t ngt, ng truyn v tuyn b fading nhanh hoc cng tn hiu thu thay i t ngt khi gp phi vt chn xung quanh. iu ny nh hng n tnh lin tc ca ging ni v chc nng iu khin cng sut nhanh khng th p ng kp vi s thay i. Ti nguyn b chim dng trong sut cuc tr chuyn v d nh : tn s sng mang, ng truyn, board thit b, mng chuyn mch hoc thit b truyn dn b li, hot ng khng n nh , nh hng n cht lng cuc gi. Vic khai cu hnh khng ng hoc phin bn phn mm v phn cng khng tng thch, nh hng n tnh n nh ca cuc gi.+ X l : Kim tra thit b u cui thc hin cuc gi bng s dng nhiu my u cui khc nhau so snh, xc nh thit b u cui ang s dng c b li hay khng. Kim tra cng tn hiu ti khu vc din ra cuc gi nh gi phm vi vng ph sng. Ti u ha mng nu tn hiu ti khu vc km. Dng cc thit b o xc nh c tn ti nhiu knh pilot hay nhiu sng mang trong khu vc hay khng. Tm ra ngun nhiu v khc phc nu c. Xem xt cng sut pht gn y ti tt c cc trm gc ln cn trn h thng OMC, x l li nu thy bt k gi tr cng sut bt thng no. Nguyn nhn thng thng ca vic gim cht lng thoi ch xy ra trong qu trnh di chuyn l do c ch iu khin cng sut thay i theo vng a l v cc trm gc ln cn khng th p ng kp thi. Cn thc hin ti u ha h thng trong trng hp ny, v d : iu chnh anten. S dng my o tn hiu hoc thc hin theo di bn tin bo hiu ti OMC, tin hnh kim tra quay s ti hin trng quan st tin trnh bo hiu. Kim tra ng thi lch s cnh bo v cnh bo hin ti xc nh li. Kim tra cc d liu cu hnh tng ng, phin bn phn cng v phn mm x l li nu xc nh li mt board hoc mt phn no .- Tc truy cp internet chm+ Biu hin v nh hng : Tc kt ni chm khi ngi dng truy cp internet.+ Nguyn nhn: Cht lng tn hiu trn ng truyn v tuyn km. V d: cng sut tn hiu thu ti thit b l di -90dBm, hoc cng sut thu cao nhng BER ln hn 10% Khng th cung cp bng thng cho cc yu cu download tc cao v ti nguyn h thng khng . Thit b lin quan b li.+ X l : Dng cc thit b o kim tra cng sut thu v BER trn ng truyn v tuyn hng xung, tin hnh ti u ha h thng nu cn thit. Xem xt ti nguyn ang c phn b v chim gi ca h thng, nh tn s sng mang, ng truyn, bo mch, mng chuyn mch tm ra nt tht c chai ca ti nguyn h thng. Tin hnh nng cp thit b hoc tng cng sut nu iu kin cho php.

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