Biochemistry—— An Introduction to the Chemistry of Life for Medical Students

Prof. H. LI ( 李洪 )

Director of Biochemistry

Department, Luzhou

Medical College

Contact to me

If you have any question in

biochemistry study, please:

Email to lihong7188@126.com

Phone to 13882736827

Textbook ( 教材 ) 查锡良 . 生物化学 , 7th. 北京 : 人民卫生

出版社 , 2008

贾弘禔 . Biochemistry (En). 北京 : 人民卫生出版社 , 2007

李洪 . 医学基础实验教程——生物化学与分子生物学实验分册 . 北京 : 人民卫生出版社 , 2008

Study-guiding Materials ( 辅助材料 ) Course Web Page:

http://220.166.97.68/ec/C113/

D. L. Nelson & M. M. Cox. Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, 5th ed.

W. H. Freeman, 2008

Curriculum ( 课程表 )

周次Weeks

学时数Hours

内容Contents

教室Classroom

1 ~ 9Mon 2 hrTu 4 hrThu 4 hr

Theory only 东 103

10 ~ 16Mon 2 hrTu 4 hrThu 6 hr

TheoryTheory

experiment

东 103东 103

西楼三层

17Mon 2 hrTu 4 hrThu 2 hr

Theory only 东 103

Theory 140 Hr, Experiment 40 Hr, in Chinese and English Bilingually

Teaching Schedule ( 教学日历 )

Weeks Lecture Topic Hours Lecturer

1 Ch00 Introduction 2Hong LI ( 李洪 )

1~2 Ch01 Structure and Function of Protein 10

Youping LIU ( 刘友平 )

2 Ch02 Structure and Function of Nucleic Acids 8

Xiaoli ZHENG( 郑晓莉 )

3~4 Ch03 Enzymes 12Bo LUO( 罗波 )

4~5 Ch04 Carbohydrate Metabolism 14Ye YANG

( 杨烨 )

5~6Theory test 1

Ch05 Lipid Metabolism14

Hong LI ( 李洪 )

Teaching Schedule ( 教学日历 )

Weeks Lecture Topic Hours Lecturer

7 Ch06 Biological Oxidation 6Hong LI ( 李洪 )

8 Ch07 Amino Acid Metabolism 10Chunyan DUAN

( 段春燕 )

9 Ch08 Nucleotide Metabolism 8Dongmei YAN

( 严冬梅 )

9Theory test 2

Ch09 Integration and Regulation of Metabolism

4Dongmei YAN

( 严冬梅 )

10~11 Ch10 DNA Biosynthesis 6Chunyan ZHANG

( 张春燕 )

10 Experiment 1 6

Teaching Schedule ( 教学日历 )

Weeks Lecture Topic Hours Lecturer

11~12 Ch11 RNA Biosynthesis 6Qiujun LIU( 刘秋均 )

11 Experiment 2 6

12~13 Ch12 Protein Biosynthesis 6Chuanning CHEN

( 陈川宁 )

12 Experiment 3 6

13~14 Ch13 Regulation of Gene Expression

10Zhiyuan ZHOU

( 周志远 )

13 Experiment 4 6

Teaching Schedule ( 教学日历 )

Weeks Lecture Topic Hours Lecturer

14 Experiment 5 6

15 Ch14 Cellular Signal Transduction

6Zhiyuan ZHOU

( 周志远 )

15 Experiment 6 6

16 Chapter 15 Cell Growth Control and Cancer 6

Wenli YANG( 杨文理 )

16 Test of Experiment 4

17 Ch17 DNA-based Information Technology

8Wenli YANG

( 杨文理 )

Purposes of Studying Biochemistry ( 学习目的 )

1. 学习生物化学和分子生物学的语言，正确理解生化和分子生物学术语的含义、来源和意义。

Learning the language of biochemistry and

molecule biology, careful explanations of

the meaning, origin, and significance of

biochemical and molecule biological terms.

Purposes of Studying Biochemistry ( 学习目的 )

2. 从物理学、化学和生物学的角度，正确理解生物分子、代谢反应、代谢途径及其调节。

A balanced understanding of the physical,

chemical, and biological situation of each

bio-molecule, each metabolic reaction,

each metabolic pathway and its regulation.

Purposes of Studying Biochemistry ( 学习目的 )

3. 理解生物化学和分子生物学研究领域常用的技术方法及其应用。

Explanation of the usefulness of the most

important techniques that have

contributed to our current understanding

of biochemistry and molecule biology.

What is Life Made of ?

Physical and chemical sciences alone

may not completely explain the nature

of life.

So all medical students must have a

fundamental understanding of

biochemistry and molecule biology.

What is Biochemistry?

生物化学是利用化学的原理与方法去研究生物体，从分子水平上探讨生命现象的一门科学。

Biochemistry is the combination of biology

and chemistry or the application of

chemical principles to understanding

biology.

Questions for biochemists to answer

1. Types, composition and structure of the

biomolecules?

2. How they act and interact ?

3. Their processes of synthesis and lysis?

4. How is energy generated and consumed?

5. How are the biochemical reactions

regulated?

Questions for biochemists to answer

6. What is the carrier of genetic information and how is it expressed and transmitted information pathway?

7. How do cells and organisms grow, differentiate, and reproduce?

8. What is the molecular basis of evolution and mutation?

9. How do we make use of life and knowledge about life for the benefits of human being quality of life?

Primary Organic Compounds

1. Carbohydrates ( 糖类，碳水化合物 )

2. Lipids ( 脂类 )

3. Proteins ( 蛋白质 )

4. Nucleic Acids ( 核酸 )

You are expected to learn the structure and

functions of these organic compounds:

Polymers and Monomers

Each of these types of molecules are

polymers that are assembled from single

units called monomers.

Each type of macromolecule is an

assemblage of a different type of monomer.

MonomersMacromolecule

Carbohydrates

糖类Lipids

脂类Proteins

蛋白质Nucleic acids

核酸

Monomer

Monosaccharide

单糖Fatty acids, Glycerol, et al

脂肪酸、甘油 等Amino acids

氨基酸Nucleotides

核苷酸

How do monomers form polymers?

In condensation reactions (also called

dehydration synthesis), a molecule of water

is removed from two monomers as they are

connected together.

Hydrolysis

In a reaction opposite to condensation, a

water molecule can be added (along with

the use of an enzyme) to split a polymer in

two.

Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates are made of carbon,

hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, always in a

ratio of 1:2:1.

Carbohydrates are the key source of energy

used by living things.

The building blocks of carbohydrates are

sugars, such as glucose and fructose.

Carbohydrates

What do the roots mono-, di-, oligo-, and poly mean?

Each of these roots can be added to the word saccharide to describe the type of carbohydrate you have.

How do two monosaccharides combine to make a polysaccharide?

Polysaccharides

Lipids Lipids are molecules that consist of

long hydrocarbon chains. Attaching the three chains together is usually a glycerol molecule. Lipids are NONpolar.

Saturated vs. Unsaturated Fat

Proteins

Proteins are complex building blocks

of structures called amino acids.

Proteins are what your DNA codes to

make (translation).

A peptide bond forms between amino

acids by dehydration synthesis.

Some Amino Acids

Polypeptide Chain

Protein Structure

Level

Primary

Secondary

Tertiary

Quaternary

Description

The amino acid sequence

Spatial structure of peptide framework

Spatial structure of one peptide chain

Spatial structure of multiple peptide chains

Levels of Protein Structure

Nucleic Acids

Nucleic acids are complex building blocks of

structures called nucleotides.

Nucleic acids, including DNA and RNA, are

synthesized by replication and transcription.

A 3’,5’-phosphodiester bond forms between

nucleotides by dehydration synthesis.

Ribonucleotides vs. Deoxyribonucleotides

DNA vs. RNA

Polynucleotide Chain

Nucleic Acids Structure

Level

Primary

Secondary

Super-helix

Description

The nucleotides sequence

Double-helix structure of chain

Super-helix structure of chain

Levels of Nucleic Acids Structure

Good Luck In

Biochemistry

Study !