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Blue Ocean Strategy 김 위 찬 교수

Blue ocean strategy_김위찬

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Page 1: Blue ocean strategy_김위찬

Blue Ocean Strategy

김위찬교수

Page 2: Blue ocean strategy_김위찬

Contents

1. Creating Blue Oceans

2. Analytical Tools and Frameworks

3. Reconstruct Market Boundaries

4. Focus on the Big Picture, Not the Numbers

5. Reach Beyond Existing Demand

6. Get the Strategic Sequence Right

7. Overcome Key Organizational Hurdles

8. Build Execution into Strategy

9. Conclusion : The Sustainability and Renewal of Blue Ocean Strategy

Page 3: Blue ocean strategy_김위찬

1. Creating Blue Oceans

1.1. The Impact of Creating Blue Oceans

1.2. Value innovation Concept

1.3. Red Ocean vs. Blue Ocean

1.4. Formulating and Executing Blue Ocean Strategy

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1.1. The Impact of Creating Blue Oceans

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108개 기업의 Business Launching 효과를 살펴 본 결과, 외형 및 내실에 있어 Blue Ocean성 Business가 Red Ocean성 Business를압도하는것으로나타났음

Blue Ocean 창출효과

14%86%

38%62%

61%39%

Revenue Impact

Business Launch

Profit Impact

Launches for Creating Blue OceansLaunches within Red Oceans

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1.2. Value Innovation Concept

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Value Innovation이란 Blue Ocean을 창출하기 위한 고유의 Strategy Logic으로, 고객가치증대및회사비용절감을큰축으로함

Value Innovation

Cost

Customer Value

Value Innovation

Blue Ocean의실현을위한고유 Strategy Logic을 Value Innovation이라하며, 이는궁극적으로고객과기업모두에게도약적가치를제공하는것을목표로함

Value Innovation은혁신없이가치에만주안점을부여하는 Value Creation 및고객가치지향없이기술/미래시장선도에집중하는Technology Innovation과는상이한의미를지님

Value Innovation은기업이효용, 가격, 비용을고려한혁신을실행할때에발생할수있음

Value Innovation을실현하는기업은차별화및비용감소를동시에추구할수있음

진정한 Value Innovation을위해서는회사의전체적인효용, 가격및비용구조시스템이정립되어야함

Blue Ocean의실현을위한고유 Strategy Logic을 Value Innovation이라하며, 이는궁극적으로고객과기업모두에게도약적가치를제공하는것을목표로함

Value Innovation은혁신없이가치에만주안점을부여하는 Value Creation 및고객가치지향없이기술/미래시장선도에집중하는Technology Innovation과는상이한의미를지님

Value Innovation은기업이효용, 가격, 비용을고려한혁신을실행할때에발생할수있음

Value Innovation을실현하는기업은차별화및비용감소를동시에추구할수있음

진정한 Value Innovation을위해서는회사의전체적인효용, 가격및비용구조시스템이정립되어야함

Company ViewPrice - Cost

Customer ViewUtility - Price

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1.3. Red Ocean vs. Blue Ocean

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Blue Ocean은 기존의 Red Ocean과 상반된 개념으로, 고객 및 기업의 가치 증대를 위하여이를향한 Paradigm Shift가필요함

Red Ocean vs. Blue Ocean

Competition-based Strategy

기존시장내에서의경쟁

경쟁자공략

현수요에의적극대응

가치-비용간 Trade-off 관계형성

동일한 Best Practice Rule에근거한경쟁

차별화및저가전략중선택필요

Competition-based Strategy

기존시장내에서의경쟁

경쟁자공략

현수요에의적극대응

가치-비용간 Trade-off 관계형성

동일한 Best Practice Rule에근거한경쟁

차별화및저가전략중선택필요

Value Innovation-based Strategy

경쟁없는시장창출

경쟁개념의종식

새로운수요의창출및획득

가치-비용간 Trade-off 관계타파

새로운 Best Practice Rule의창출

차별화및저가전략동시추구가능

Value Innovation-based Strategy

경쟁없는시장창출

경쟁개념의종식

새로운수요의창출및획득

가치-비용간 Trade-off 관계타파

새로운 Best Practice Rule의창출

차별화및저가전략동시추구가능

Red Ocean Strategy Blue Ocean Strategy

Paradigm Shift!!!

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1.4. Formulating and Executing Blue Ocean Strategy

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Blue Ocean Strategy를 효과적으로 기획하고 실행하기 위해서는 6가지 기본 원칙에충실해야함

The Six Principle of Blue Ocean Strategy

Formulating Principles시장경계를재구성하라 (Look Across Six Paths)

작은수에집착하지말고, 큰그림에집중하라 (Four Step Planning Process)

현존하는수요를넘어서라 (고객과비고객간의공통영역발견)

전략설계를정확히하라 (효용 -> 가격 -> 비용 -> 채택)

Formulating Principles시장경계를재구성하라 (Look Across Six Paths)

작은수에집착하지말고, 큰그림에집중하라 (Four Step Planning Process)

현존하는수요를넘어서라 (고객과비고객간의공통영역발견)

전략설계를정확히하라 (효용 -> 가격 -> 비용 -> 채택)

And Decrease Related Risk FactorSearch Risk (Chapter 3)

Planning Risk (Chapter 4)

Scale Risk (Chapter 5)

Business Model Risk (Chapter 6)

And Decrease Related Risk FactorSearch Risk (Chapter 3)

Planning Risk (Chapter 4)

Scale Risk (Chapter 5)

Business Model Risk (Chapter 6)

Execution Principles조직의주요저항을극복하라 (Tipping Point Leadership)

전략과실행간의부합성을견지하라 (Fair Process)

Execution Principles조직의주요저항을극복하라 (Tipping Point Leadership)

전략과실행간의부합성을견지하라 (Fair Process)

And Decrease RelOrganizational R

Management Risk (Chapter 8)

ated Risk Factorisk (Chapter 7)

And Decrease RelOrganizational R

Manageme

ated Risk Factorisk (Chapter 7)

nt Risk (Chapter 8)

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2. Analytical Tools and Frameworks

2.1. The Strategy Canvas

2.2. The Four Actions Framework & ERRC Grid

2.3. Three Characteristics of Good Strategy

2.4. Reading the Value Curves

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2.1. The Strategy Canvas

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Value Innovation 전략수립의 핵심 도구로서 비교가 필요한 제품이나 서비스에 대한가치곡선들을통합 도식화(Big Picture)하고, 이를통해새로운전략의지향점을제시해줌

Strategy Canvas

Casella Wines의 [yellow tail] 사례

•전략캔버스는이미알려진시장에서일어나고있는일들이현재어떤상태인지를포착해줌

•제품과서비스, 배달과관련해속해있는산업이어떤요소를두고경쟁을벌이는지보여줌

• X축 : 경쟁및투자요소

• Y축 : Buyer에게제공되는수준

• Value Curve : 해당산업의경쟁요소별상대적성과수준을도식화한것

높음

Premium Wines

Budget Wines

[yellow tail]전통적차별화전략

전통적저가전략

[제공수준]

낮음

Above-the-line 마케팅*

Easydrinking

WineComplexity

전문용어사용및

고상함

WineRange

선택용이성

재미와

모험가격 숙성

품질포도원명성

[경쟁요소]* 4대매체및뉴미디어활용마케팅 (현장중심의마케팅)

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2.2. The Four Actions Framework & ERRC Grid

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Buyer의 가치 재정립을 위해 ‘제거-축소-확장-창조’라는 네가지 행동 틀과 그리드를 활용함. 이를통해차별화와저비용의 Trade-off를깨고새로운 Value Curve를창조할수있음

The Four Actions Framework ERRC Grid : The Case of [yellow tail]

가치곡선

Reduce어떤요인들을산업표준이하로 ‘잘’축소할것인가?

Raise어떤요인들을산업표준이상으로 ‘잘’확장할것인가?

Eliminate당연시되는요인들중어떤것들을제거할것인가?

Create제공된적없는요인들중어떤것들을창출할것인가?

비용절감

차별화

Eliminate•전문용어사용및고상함

•숙성품질

• Above-the line 마케팅

Raise• Budget wine 대비높은가격

•소매상의참여

Reduce• Wine complexity

• Wine range

•포도원명성

Create• Easy drinking

•선택의용이성

•재미와모험

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2.3. Three Characteristics of a Good Strategy

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훌륭한 Blue Ocean Strategy는 1) 핵심경쟁요소에 집중하고, 2) 대안들을 통해 차별화된전략을사용하며, 3) 설득력있는한마디로명료하게표현되는특징을지님

3가지특징

Southwest Airlines

Focus 초점을좁혀준다• 조직이벌이는경쟁요소가무엇인지모든사람들이이해하게해줌

• 핵심경쟁요소와관련이없는곳에대한투자유혹을피하게해줌

Focus 초점을좁혀준다• 조직이벌이는경쟁요소가무엇인지모든사람들이이해하게해줌

• 핵심경쟁요소와관련이없는곳에대한투자유혹을피하게해줌

Diverge 다른업체들이사용하는전략을벗어난다• 여러가지다른대안들을탐색함

Diverge 다른업체들이사용하는전략을벗어난다• 여러가지다른대안들을탐색함

Tagline 설득력있는한마디로표현된다• 설득력있는한마디로명료하게표현되어커뮤니케이션하기쉬움

Tagline 설득력있는한마디로표현된다• 설득력있는한마디로명료하게표현되어커뮤니케이션하기쉬움

Unique & exceptional value curve

[yellow tail]

Cirque du Soleil

Southwest Airlines

• Friendly Service, Speed, Frequent point to point departure에 focus를둠

•중소도시를 Point-to-Point로연결한선구자

• “The Speed of a plane of the price of a car-whenever you need it”

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2.4. Reading the Value Curves

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Value Curve에는 기업의 현재와 미래의 모습들이 내재되어 있음. 따라서, Value Curve를보고, 파악할수있어야함

A Blue Ocean Strategy• 훌륭한 Blue Ocean Strategy의 3가지기준-focus,

divergence, a compelling tagline-을충족하는지점검해야함

• 그렇지않다면, 상업적성공이나실현가능성이없음

A Blue Ocean Strategy• 훌륭한 Blue Ocean Strategy의 3가지기준-focus,

divergence, a compelling tagline-을충족하는지점검해야함

• 그렇지않다면, 상업적성공이나실현가능성이없음

An Incoherent Strategy• Value Curve가일정한리듬이나이유없이지그재그모양을띄고있다면, 일관된전략이없는것임

• 하위전략들이개별적으로이행된다면 경쟁업체나일관된전략을가진업체에비해성과를거둘수없음

An Incoherent Strategy• Value Curve가일정한리듬이나이유없이지그재그모양을띄고있다면, 일관된전략이없는것임

• 하위전략들이개별적으로이행된다면 경쟁업체나일관된전략을가진업체에비해성과를거둘수없음

A Company Caught in the Red Ocean• Value curve가다른경쟁자들의것과한곳에집중(converge)되어있다면 red ocean 징후가있는것임

A Company Caught in the Red Ocean• Value curve가다른경쟁자들의것과한곳에집중(converge)되어있다면 red ocean 징후가있는것임

Strategic Contradiction• 경쟁요소들이이를지원하는다른요소들을간과하고높은제공수준을보이고 있는지점검해야함(예 : Web Site구축에과다한투자를하는반면, 속도는개선하지않는경우)

Strategic Contradiction• 경쟁요소들이이를지원하는다른요소들을간과하고높은제공수준을보이고 있는지점검해야함(예 : Web Site구축에과다한투자를하는반면, 속도는개선하지않는경우)

Overdelivery Without Payback• Value curve가모든경쟁요소에걸쳐상위에위치해있다면, Market Share와 profitability를점검한후제거/축소/확장/창조해야할요소를결정해야함

Overdelivery Without Payback• Value curve가모든경쟁요소에걸쳐상위에위치해있다면, Market Share와 profitability를점검한후제거/축소/확장/창조해야할요소를결정해야함

An Internally Driven Company• 경쟁요소의용어들이고객/수요입장이아닌, 내부전문용어로구성되어있는지점검해야함. 이를통해회사가 industry needs 창출과얼마나동떨어져있는지알수있음 ( 예: megahertz vs. speed )

An Internally Driven Company• 경쟁요소의용어들이고객/수요입장이아닌, 내부전문용어로구성되어있는지점검해야함. 이를통해회사가 industry needs 창출과얼마나동떨어져있는지알수있음 ( 예: megahertz vs. speed )

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3. Reconstruct Market Boundaries3.1. Six Paths Framework

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3.1. Six Paths Framework

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Value Innovation의 실현을 위해서는 전통적으로 정의된 경쟁 영역들을 살펴보고, 그러한경쟁영역을넘나드는시장조합적관점을견지해야함

시장경계재정의를위한 6가지기본접근방법(Six Paths Framework)

전통적경쟁

영역새로운시장공간창출방안(Look Across Strategy) 주요사례

산업 대체산업을파악

산업내전략집단1)을파악

산업의 구매자 집단(구매자, 사용자, 영향력 행사자)을재정의

산업의범위를벗어나는보완적인제품및서비스를파악

구매자의기능적-감성적인매력을파악

시간의흐름에따른외부동향을구현하는데참여(사업영향도, 동향의지속성및예측용이성등을고려)

Quicken(인튜이트社)

전략집단 렉서스(도요타社)

구매자집단 알토전구(필립스社)

제품/서비스제공범위

키네폴리스(버트클레이즈社)

산업의기능적-감성적지향

고급커피(스타벅스社)

시간리얼타임 24시간글로벌뉴스네트워크(CNN社)

1) 전략집단 : 비슷한전략을추구하는동일산업내기업의집단

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4. Focus on the Big Picture, Not the Numbers4.1. The 4 Steps Overview

4.2. Visualizing Strategy

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4.1. The 4 Steps Overview

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기업활동의 Big Picture에 집중하기 위해 4단계 시각적 접근 방법의 활용이 필요하며, 이는전략캔버스기반으로이루어질수있음

The 4 Steps of Visualization Strategy

Stage 1.Visual Awakening

Stage 1.Visual Awakening

Stage 2.Visual Exploration

Stage 2.Visual Exploration

Stage 3.Visual Strategy Fair

Stage 3.Visual Strategy Fair

Stage 4.Visual Communication

Stage 4.Visual Communication

As-Is 전략캔버스작성을통해자사, 경쟁자간비교

전략의변화가필요한부분발견

현장투입을통한 Six Paths 탐사

대안적제품및서비스에대한차별화된장점관찰

경쟁요인에대한창출(C), 제거(E), 강화(Ra), 약화(Re) 결정

현장조사를통해얻은Insight을기반으로하여 To-Be 전략캔버스작성

대안적전략캔버스에대한Feedback 확인 (고객, 경쟁자의고객, 비고객)

최적의 To-Be 미래전략수립을위한 Feedback 활용

비교용이성을위해현재및향후전략프로파일을한장으로도식화

신규전략에부합하는프로젝트및운영’만’을지원

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4.2. Visualizing Strategy

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전략의 시각화는 전략 수립의 효과성을 제고할 수 있으며, 이의 예시로서 전략 캔버스와PMS Map을들수있음

Using the Strategy Canvas

전략캔버스활용의대표적인사례는삼성전자를들수있음

삼성전자는 1998년 Value Innovation Program(VIP) Center 설치를통해핵심의사결정시전략캔버스사용을의무화하였음

VIP Center에서는다양한사업부의성원들이 CFT을구성하여전략적프로젝트와관련된토의를행하며, 이때전략캔버스를활용함

VIP Center에는 20개의프로젝트룸이마련돼있으며, 2003년 80개이상의전략적프로젝트를수행하였음또한늘어나는사업부의 Needs에따라 10개이상의 VIP Branch가오픈되었음이곳을통해생산된대표적제품은 2002년 12월출시된40인치 LCD TV, SGH T-100 모바일폰등이있음또한삼성전자는 1999년이래로매년 Value Innovation Corporate Conference를개최하여거의모든 Top 경영층들이참석하며, 본행사를통하여 Value Innovation Hit 프로젝트에대한공유(발표, 전시, 시상)가이루어짐상기사항들은삼성만의고유한시스템을통해이루어짐

전략캔버스활용의대표적인사례는삼성전자를들수있음

삼성전자는 1998년 Value Innovation Program(VIP) Center 설치를통해핵심의사결정시전략캔버스사용을의무화하였음

VIP Center에서는다양한사업부의성원들이 CFT을구성하여전략적프로젝트와관련된토의를행하며, 이때전략캔버스를활용함

VIP Center에는 20개의프로젝트룸이마련돼있으며, 2003년 80개이상의전략적프로젝트를수행하였음또한늘어나는사업부의 Needs에따라 10개이상의 VIP Branch가오픈되었음이곳을통해생산된대표적제품은 2002년 12월출시된40인치 LCD TV, SGH T-100 모바일폰등이있음또한삼성전자는 1999년이래로매년 Value Innovation Corporate Conference를개최하여거의모든 Top 경영층들이참석하며, 본행사를통하여 Value Innovation Hit 프로젝트에대한공유(발표, 전시, 시상)가이루어짐상기사항들은삼성만의고유한시스템을통해이루어짐

Using the PMS Map

Pioneer

Migrator

Settler

As-Is To-Be

Pioneer는새로운가치를창출하는 Blue Ocean 전략을수행하는주체를의미하며, Settler는 Red Ocean 전략을수행하는주체를의미함. 또한 Migrator은전자와후자사이의경계에존재하는주체를의미함.PMS Map을통해비즈니스 Portfolio에대한시각화가가능하며, Pioneer를지향하는것이바람직함

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Contents

5. Reach Beyond Existing Demand5.0. How to Reach Beyond Existing Demand

5.1. First Tier : “Soon-to-be” Noncustomers

5.2. Second Tier : “Refusing” Noncustomers

5.3. Third Tier : “Unexplored” Noncustomers

Page 19: Blue ocean strategy_김위찬

5.0. How to Reach Beyond Existing Demand

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새로운 시장을 창출하기 위해선 무엇보다 먼저 비고객군을 살펴볼 필요가 있으며, 특히전체적인관점에서비고객군과기존고객군의공통점에주목해야함

Approach Principle Three Tiers of Noncustomers

First-Tier

Second-Tier

Third-Tier

YourMarket

“Soon-to-be” Noncustomers: 필요한최소량만을구매

“Refusing” Noncustomers: 의식적으로다른시장의상품/서비스를구매

“Unexplored” Noncustomers: 현시장의상품/서비스를구매대상으로전혀생각하지않음

Think Noncustomersbefore customers

Think Noncustomersbefore customers

Think Commonalitiesbefore differences*

Think Commonalitiesbefore differences*

Desegmentationbefore pursuing finer segmentation

Desegmentationbefore pursuing finer segmentation

* across noncustomers and existing customers

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5.1. First Tier : “Soon-to-be” Noncustomers

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Pret사는 “Soon-to-be” 비고객군으로 파악된 전문직 종사자와 기존 고객군의 공통점을파악하여새로운시장을창출함

Pret A Manger (Fast-food Chain)

Sit-downRestaurants

Professionals

Commonalities• Fast• Fresh and Healthy• Reasonable Price

Commonalities• Fast• Fresh and Healthy• Reasonable Price

Fast• Ready-made Sandwich• High Volume & High Standardization• Purchasing as Supermarket (Average 90sec.)

Fast• Ready-made Sandwich• High Volume & High Standardization• Purchasing as Supermarket (Average 90sec.)

Fresh and Healthy• Restaurant-quality Sandwich• Made fresh every day• Finest and Fresh ingredients• Other Fresh Items (Salads, Yogurt, Sushi…)• Nothing is kept over to the Next day

Fresh and Healthy• Restaurant-quality Sandwich• Made fresh every day• Finest and Fresh ingredients• Other Fresh Items (Salads, Yogurt, Sushi…)• Nothing is kept over to the Next day

Reasonable Price• Average price $4~$6 (more than 30types)

Reasonable Price• Average price $4~$6 (more than 30types)

130개점포에서연간 2500만개이상샌드위치판매

Page 21: Blue ocean strategy_김위찬

5.2. Second Tier : “Refusing” Noncustomers

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JCDecaux사는 “Refusing” 비고객군으로 파악된 인지도가 낮은 기업과 기존의Billboards, Transport 광고고객군의공통점을파악하여새로운시장을창출함

JCDecaux (Outdoor Advertisement Company)

Billboards

Lesser-knownCompany

Commonalities• Long-time Exposure• Higher rate of repeat Visits• Comprehensive Message

Commonalities• Long-time Exposure• Higher rate of repeat Visits• Comprehensive Message

TransportAdvertisement

Long-time Exposure• Provide “Street Furniture” free to municipalities• Gain Exclusive Right to display advertisements

Long-time Exposure• Provide “Street Furniture” free to municipalities• Gain Exclusive Right to display advertisements

Higher rate of repeat Visits• “Street Furniture” located in Downtown areas

Higher rate of repeat Visits• “Street Furniture” located in Downtown areas

Comprehensive Message• Richer contents• More Complex messages• Roll out campaigns in 2~3days

Comprehensive Message• Richer contents• More Complex messages• Roll out campaigns in 2~3days

약 40%의운영수익률확보 (Billboard : 14%)33개국에 283,000개의패널설치

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5.3. Third Tier : “Unexplored” Noncustomers

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서로 다르게 설계되어야 한다고 인식되던 공군용/해군용/해병대용 전투기를 통합하여개발함으로써보다저렴한가격에보다우수한전투기를공급함

Joint Strike Fighter (Defense Aerospace Industry)

Air Force

Marines

Navy

Durability

Short Takeoffs & Landings

Fastest & Sophisticated

Commonalities• Lower Cost

Commonalities• Lower Cost

Lower Cost• Sharing 2 Highest-cost components

- Avionics(항해자동제어시스템)- Engines

• Performing same missions• Reduce Customization (except Key Factors)

- Navy : Durability, Maintainability- Marines : STOVL*, Robust countermeasures(방어장치)**- Air Force : Speed, Agility, Stealth

Lower Cost• Sharing 2 Highest-cost components

- Avionics(항해자동제어시스템)- Engines

• Performing same missions• Reduce Customization (except Key Factors)

- Navy : Durability, Maintainability- Marines : STOVL*, Robust countermeasures(방어장치)**- Air Force : Speed, Agility, Stealth

전투기 1기당 1억5700만$ 절감 (1억9000만$ 3300만$)성능측면에서 Navy, Marines, Air Force의최상위기종보다우수2000억$ 규모계약수주 (역사상최대규모의군계약)

* Short TakeOff Vertical Landing** flares, electronic jamming devices, etc.

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Contents

6. Get the Strategic Sequence Right6.1. The Right Strategic Sequence

6.2. Testing for Exceptional Utility

6.3. From Exceptional Utility to Strategic Pricing

6.4. From Strategic Pricing to Target Costing

6.5. From Utility, Price, and Cost to Adoption

6.6. The Blue Ocean Idea Index

Page 24: Blue ocean strategy_김위찬

6.1. The Right Strategic Sequence

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Blue Ocean 아이디어의 상업적 활용성과 유효성을 키우기 위해 전략적인 순서를 올바르게유지하는것이중요하며, 이를통해비즈니스모델의리스크가감소함

The Sequence of Blue Ocean Strategy

비즈니스아이디어가구입자에게탁월한효용을제공하는가?

비즈니스아이디어가구입자에게탁월한효용을제공하는가?

Buyer Utility

제시한가격이타겟소비자시장에적합한수준인가?제시한가격이타겟소비자시장에적합한수준인가?

Price

이가격에판매해서수익을거둘수있는가?이가격에판매해서수익을거둘수있는가?

Cost

소비자가새제품을채택하는데장애가되는것으로모두드러냈는가?

소비자가새제품을채택하는데장애가되는것으로모두드러냈는가?

Adoption

상업적으로활용가능한Blue Ocean 아이디어

Yes

Yes

Yes

No-Rethink

Yes

No-Rethink

No-Rethink

Revenue Side of a company’s

business model

Profit Side of a company’s

business model

No-Rethink

Page 25: Blue ocean strategy_김위찬

6.2. Testing for Exceptional Utility

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Buyer의 효용성을 점검하기 위해 Buyer Utility Map을 사용할 수 있음. 이는 적절한관점에서이슈를파악하고제품이나서비스가갖고있는효용성을인지할수있게함

The Buyer Utility Map

The Six Stages of the Buyer Experience Cycle

1. Purchase

2. Delivery

3. Use

4. Supplements

5. Maintenance

6. Disposal

Customer Productivity

Simplicity

Convenience

Risk

• How / whether the new idea creates a different utilityproposition from existing offerings?

• How / whether the new idea creates a different utilityproposition from existing offerings?

• How / whether the new idea removes the biggest blocks to utility that stand in the way of converting non-customers into customers?

• How / whether the new idea removes the biggest blocks to utility that stand in the way of converting non-customers into customers?

• If your offering falls on the same spaces as those of other players, not a blue ocean offering

• If your offering falls on the same spaces as those of other players, not a blue ocean offering

The

Six

Util

ity L

ever

s

Fun and Image

Environmental friendliness

Page 26: Blue ocean strategy_김위찬

6.3. From Exceptional Utility to Strategic Pricing

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대중시장의 구매자들에게 매력을 지닐 수 있는 전략적 가격포인트를 정해야 함. 경쟁자들의모방용이성에따라가격범위의최고/바닥에서가격을책정함

The Price Corridor of the Mass

Step 1 : Identify the price corridor of the mass

Step 2 : Specify a price level within the price corridor

Price Corridor of the Mass

Sameform

Different form, same function

Different form and function,

same objective

High degree of legal and resource protectionDifficult to imitate

Some degree of legal and resource protection

Low degree of legal and resource protection

Easy to imitate

Upper-level pricing

Mid-level pricing

Lower-level pricing

Three alternative product/service types:

Target buyer의최대규모그룹이형성된가격대

* 원의사이즈는제품/서비스의구매자수와비례함

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6.4. From Strategic Pricing to Target Costing

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이윤을 극대화하기 위해 전략적 가격을 먼저 정하고 여기에서 희망하는 이윤을 뺌으로써목표가격에도달하는방식으로책정해야함

The Profit Model of Blue Ocean Strategy

The Strategic Price

The Target Profit

The Target Cost

Streamlining and Cost Innovations Partnering

Pricing Innovation

Ford’s Model T• Assembly line 도입하여숙련공을일반노동자로대체하고, 노동시간 60% 절감

• Time to market 21days 4daysSwatch• Target Price를 40$로하여패션악세사리로서여러개를구입하게함

•생산방법혁신 : Plastic 소재사용, 시계내부를단순화하고부품수를줄여비용을낮춤

•타업체에비해 30% 비용구조절감•인건비는전체비용의 30%에서 10%로낮춤

Ford’s Model T• Assembly line 도입하여숙련공을일반노동자로대체하고, 노동시간 60% 절감

• Time to market 21days 4daysSwatch• Target Price를 40$로하여패션악세사리로서여러개를구입하게함

•생산방법혁신 : Plastic 소재사용, 시계내부를단순화하고부품수를줄여비용을낮춤

•타업체에비해 30% 비용구조절감•인건비는전체비용의 30%에서 10%로낮춤

IKEA•전세계 50여개국에 1,500여개의제조회사와파트너관계

SAP• Oracle과파트너쉽을맺어, 개발비용절감및세계적수준의

DBMS를갖게됨

IKEA•전세계 50여개국에 1,500여개의제조회사와파트너관계

SAP• Oracle과파트너쉽을맺어, 개발비용절감및세계적수준의

DBMS를갖게됨

Blockbuster’s rental modelIBM’s leasing modelBlockbuster’s rental modelIBM’s leasing model

1 2

3

1

2

3

Page 28: Blue ocean strategy_김위찬

6.5. From Utility, Price, and Cost to Adoption

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Blue Ocean 아이디어는 직원, 비즈니스 파트너, 일반 대중들에게 현재 상황에서는 위협이될수있으므로새로운아이디어채택의필요성에대한이해를구하는것이필요함

•이들은자신의생계에위협이될것으로여기지는제품을무의식적으로방해함

•메릴린치의경우온라인매매서비스계획을발표했을때, 직원들의저항으로주가가 14% 하락함.

•모건스탠리의경우, 사원들과의내부토론을거쳤으며 e-venture를발표했을때 13% 주식이상승함.

EmployeesEmployees

•이들은새로운제품이나서비스가자신들의수입원이나시장지위에영향을주지않을것이라는사실이보장되어야함

• SAP의 ASAP 방법론적용 : 구축기간/비용을절감하는 ASAP 방법론의적용과장기간프로젝트를통해수익을내는컨설턴트입장차를해결하기위해파트너사들과의토론을통해컨설턴트를설득하는전략을사용함

Business PartnersBusiness Partners

The General PublicThe General Public•이들은현상태를위협하는새로운아이디어에때로공격적인자세를보임.

• Monsanto의유전자조작음식에대한거부감

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6.6. The Blue Ocean Idea Index

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BOI Index를 활용하여 Utility, Price, Cost, Adoption의 전략적 순서에 따라 수립된 Blue Ocean Strategy를전체통합된관점에서테스트해볼수있음

Blue Ocean Idea (BOI) Index

Philips CD-i

Motorola Iridium

DoCoMoi-Mode Japan

Utility Is there exceptional utility? Are there compelling reasons to buy your offerings?

- - +

Price Is your price easily accessible to the mass of buyers? - - +

Cost Does your cost structure meet the target cost? - - +

Adoption Have you addressed adoption hurdles up front? - +/- +

Launch 6개월후, 계약자가 1백만 mark에이름2년후, 계약자가21.7백만에이르고, 패킷전송에서만수익이130배증가함

2003년말, 계약자가40.1백만에이르고데이터, 사진, 텍스트전송에따른수익이 2.6백만$에서80억$로증가함

Launch 6개월후, 계약자가 1백만 mark에이름2년후, 계약자가21.7백만에이르고, 패킷전송에서만수익이130배증가함

2003년말, 계약자가40.1백만에이르고데이터, 사진, 텍스트전송에따른수익이 2.6백만$에서80억$로증가함

Page 30: Blue ocean strategy_김위찬

7. Overcome Key Organizational Hurdles7.1. The 4 Organizational Hurdles

7.2. Tipping Point Leadership

7.3. Case : NYPD

Page 31: Blue ocean strategy_김위찬

7.1. The 4 Organizational Hurdles

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설정된 Blue Ocean Strategy의 실행 과정에서 Cognitive, Resource, Motivational, Political Hurdle 등의조직적장애들을접할수있음

The 4 Organizational Hurdles

현실에안주하려는조직성향현실에안주하려는조직성향

Cognitive Hurdle

제한된자원제한된자원

Resource Hurdle

임직원의동기부여미비임직원의동기부여미비

Motivational Hurdle

조직내권력을보유한이해집단의반대

조직내권력을보유한이해집단의반대

Political Hurdle

Page 32: Blue ocean strategy_김위찬

7.2. Tipping Point Leadership

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상기 4가지의 조직적 장애 들을 효과적으로 극복하기 위해 Tipping Point Leadership의활용이필요함

Tipping Point Leadership

일반적으로점진적으로늘어나다가폭발적인확산현상을보이는순간을 Tipping Point라함본관점에서는전영역이아닌핵심영역을파악하여, 이들에자원을집중하는것을 Tipping Point Leadership이라하며, 이는상기4가지장애를극복하기위한중요수단임

일반적으로점진적으로늘어나다가폭발적인확산현상을보이는순간을 Tipping Point라함본관점에서는전영역이아닌핵심영역을파악하여, 이들에자원을집중하는것을 Tipping Point Leadership이라하며, 이는상기4가지장애를극복하기위한중요수단임

Tipping Point Leadership

To Break Cognitive Hurdles…

현장투입을통해조직성원들이문제를직접보고경험할수있도록해야함

이때특히고객의불만사항을직접파악하는것이중요함

To Break Cognitive Hurdles…

현장투입을통해조직성원들이문제를직접보고경험할수있도록해야함

이때특히고객의불만사항을직접파악하는것이중요함

To Break Resource Hurdles…

전영역에대한자원의확충보다는가치배가영역에대한자원의집중투입이필요함

이는 Hot Spot, Cold Spot, Horse Trading 관점으로구분하여정리할수있음

To Break Resource Hurdles…

전영역에대한자원의확충보다는가치배가영역에대한자원의집중투입이필요함

이는 Hot Spot, Cold Spot, Horse Trading 관점으로구분하여정리할수있음

To Break Motivational Hurdles…

조직내영향력이막대한사람들(Kingpins)에게집중해야하며, 이때Fishbowl Management를활용하여이들의활동을투명하게노출시켜야함

더불어큰문제를세세하게분해하여(Atomizing) 담당자에게할당함

To Break Motivational Hurdles…

조직내영향력이막대한사람들(Kingpins)에게집중해야하며, 이때Fishbowl Management를활용하여이들의활동을투명하게노출시켜야함

더불어큰문제를세세하게분해하여(Atomizing) 담당자에게할당함

To Break Political Hurdles…

전략적변화로인해득을보게되는사람들(Angels)을활용하고, 기득권을상실하게되는사람들(Devils)를무마하여야함

더불어정치적으로노련하고존경받는내부인을 Top 경영진에포함시켜야함

To Break Political Hurdles…

전략적변화로인해득을보게되는사람들(Angels)을활용하고, 기득권을상실하게되는사람들(Devils)를무마하여야함

더불어정치적으로노련하고존경받는내부인을 Top 경영진에포함시켜야함

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7.3. Case : NYPD

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Tipping Point Leadership의 대표적 사례로서 New York City Police Department의 문제해결을들수있음

Case : New York City Police Department

Problem Resolution

90년대초반의뉴욕은범죄의도시-살인, 강도, 마약등강력범죄난무-시민들의지하철탑승기피-중산층의뉴욕교외로의이동타지역대비낮은경찰관봉급

-예산연 20억달러-인력규모 3만 6천명부패, 독직사건암암리발발경찰에대한시민들의낮은지지도(37.5%)각언론들의비판

- Not “Big” Apple But “Rotten” Apple

* 참고사항 : Tipping Point Leadership 적용효과-중범죄율 39% 감소-살인및절도범죄각각 50, 35% 감속-경찰신뢰도 73% 향상

90년대초반의뉴욕은범죄의도시-살인, 강도, 마약등강력범죄난무-시민들의지하철탑승기피-중산층의뉴욕교외로의이동타지역대비낮은경찰관봉급

-예산연 20억달러-인력규모 3만 6천명부패, 독직사건암암리발발경찰에대한시민들의낮은지지도(37.5%)각언론들의비판

- Not “Big” Apple But “Rotten” Apple

* 참고사항 : Tipping Point Leadership 적용효과-중범죄율 39% 감소-살인및절도범죄각각 50, 35% 감속-경찰신뢰도 73% 향상

근본적문제부터고민

-뉴욕시민이가장두려워하는범죄는무엇인가?고객(소비자) 관점견지-공급자인경찰당국의시각이아닌소비자인뉴욕시민의시각에서문제조명

-시민들이정작두려워하는것은중범죄가아닌경범죄라는사실인지

인식의장애를타파하기위한현장주의실시

-경찰고위간부들의지하철탑승-경찰관-시민정기미팅개최업무효율을높이기위한자원재배치

-마약단속반근무시간변경(주중 -> 주말)-지하철범죄빈발노선에인력집중배치동기유발을위한전략점검미팅개최

- 76개파출소소장및고위간부대상저항극복

-내, 외부에각각존티모니와줄리아니활용

근본적문제부터고민

-뉴욕시민이가장두려워하는범죄는무엇인가?고객(소비자) 관점견지-공급자인경찰당국의시각이아닌소비자인뉴욕시민의시각에서문제조명

-시민들이정작두려워하는것은중범죄가아닌경범죄라는사실인지

인식의장애를타파하기위한현장주의실시

-경찰고위간부들의지하철탑승-경찰관-시민정기미팅개최업무효율을높이기위한자원재배치

-마약단속반근무시간변경(주중 -> 주말)-지하철범죄빈발노선에인력집중배치동기유발을위한전략점검미팅개최

- 76개파출소소장및고위간부대상저항극복

-내, 외부에각각존티모니와줄리아니활용

William Bratton’s Tipping

Point Leadership(’94 ~ ’96)

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Contents

8. Build Execution Strategy8.1. The Power of Fair Process

8.2. Why Does Fair Process Matter

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8.1. The Power of Fair Process

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전략의 수립 및 실행은 반드시 공정한 절차(Fair Process주1)를 통해 이루어져야 하며, 이는Blue Ocean Strategy 주요성공요인임

How Fair Process Affects People’s Attitudes and Behavior The Three E Principles

Fair ProcessEngagementExplanation

Expectation Clarity

Trust and Commitment

“I feel my opinion counts”

Voluntary Cooperation

“I’ll go beyond the call of duty”

Exceeds Expectations

Self-initiated

전략수립시직원들의참여를구하고, 그들이토론에영향을미칠수있도록허용함

전략수립시직원들의참여를구하고, 그들이토론에영향을미칠수있도록허용함

Engagement

전략적변화가왜필요한지명료하게설명전략적변화가왜필요한지명료하게설명

Explanation

제안된전략에의해시행될일에어떤게임의규칙이적용될지를명확하게밝힘

제안된전략에의해시행될일에어떤게임의규칙이적용될지를명확하게밝힘

Expectation Clarity

Fair Process 정의의세가지요소

전략수립

Strategy Formulation Process

태도형성

Attitude

적합한행동형성

Behavior

전략집행

Strategy Execution 주1) Fair Process : 경영에있어서의절차적정의론(Procedural

Justice Theory)과같음

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8.2. Why Does Fair Process Matter

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공정한절차는일선직원들의수용자세를이끌어냄으로써전략이집행될수있게함

The Execution Consequences of the presence and absence of Fair Process in Strategy Making

Fair ProcessIntellectual

and Emotional Recognition주1

Trust and Commitment

Voluntary Cooperation in Strategy Execution

Violation of Fair Process

Intellectual and Emotional Indignation주1

Distrust and Resentment

Refusal to Execute Strategy

엘리베이터제조업체“ELCO”사례

• 1980년대후반, 엘리베이터산업이쇠퇴하고, 미국대도시의사무실은 20% 가량이비어있었음

• Elco는비용을줄이는동시에, 제조방식의변경을통해새로운수요를창출하고자함(Batch manufacturing system Cellular approach)

•우선, Chester 공장에적용하고 High Park 공장에Rollout 하기로함

Chester 공장

모범적노사관계로전략집행이용이할것으로

기대

High Park 공장

강성노조를보유하고있어저항이예상됨

•전략이행에있어서그들의 Role을거부함

•몇달만에 Cost와Quality가모두하락

•회사에전적으로동의하진않았지만

•공정하게대우받고있다고느낌

•직원들은공장관리자에대해신뢰감을갖게됨

•전략적변화의필요성을느끼게

•새로운제조방식의신속한적용에자발적으로참여함

•전략적의사결정에직원들을참여시키지않고, 별다른설명도없어공장폐쇄등의루머가형성됨

•공장의변화에대한지적(intellectual) 이해부족으로인해거부감발생

•공장관리자와직원간의신뢰관계가

무너짐

•공장전체회의에서경영현황을공유하고변화의필요성을주지시킴

주1) Intellectual and Emotional Recognition Theory

개인은자신의지적가치에대해인정을받으면보유하고있는지적자산들을나누고싶어하며, 마찬가지로감성적으로인정받을때해당전략에깊이관견이되어있다고생각하고본인의모든것을주고싶어함

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Contents

9. Conclusion : The Sustainability and Renewal of Blue Ocean Strategy9.1. The Sustainability of Blue Ocean Strategy

9.2. The Renewal of Blue Ocean Strategy

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9.1. The Sustainability of Blue Ocean Strategy

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Blue Ocean Strategy의지속성은모방을지연시키는장벽들을통해추정할수있음

Barriers to Imitation

전통적인사고방식으로이해불가

타사브랜드이미지와의충돌

시장규모의한계로인한자연적독점

특허및기타법·제도에의한모방규제

대규모화를통해비용상의우위를신속하게확보

Network의외형(규모)에의한모방억제

정책적, 운영적, 문화적으로혁신적인변화요구

가치혁신기업의브랜드인지도및고객충성도비약적향상

Imitation Barriers to Blue Ocean Strategy

NBC 등은 CNN의스타캐스터없는 24시간 365일실시간뉴스방송전략을우습게생각함

고급화장품업체는브랜드이미지충돌로인해

The Body Shop의전략을모방하지못함

벨기에의브뤼셀은도시규모때문에 Kinepolis외의타멀티플렉스가들어서지못함

Wal-Mart는대규모구매를통해타경쟁업체가스스로모방을포기하게함

eBay(온라인경매)는다수의고객을확보한것이장점이되어더욱많은고객을끌어들임

Southwest Airlines를모방하려면, 비행노선, 승무원훈련,시장및가격정책등에서혁신적인변화가요구됨

Microsoft의 10년이상노력에도불구하고 Intuit사의Quicken 제품에대한인지도를뛰어넘지못함

Example

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9.2. The Renewal of Blue Ocean Strategy

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언제 다시 가치혁신을 수행하여야 하는지를 알기 위해선 자사 및 경쟁자의 Value Curve를항상모니터링해야함

Monitoring Value Curves Signal

ValueInnovation

AnotherValue

Innovation

Blue Ocean

Red Ocean

다시한번가치혁신을하고싶어지는유혹에저항해야함

운영측면의개선과지역적인확대를통해 Blue Ocean의영역을넓히고오래유지하는데역량을집중해야함

Value Curve has Divergence

경쟁우위를바탕으로

최대한의이익창출

다시한번가치혁신을수행하여야함

Value Curve begins to Converge with those of the competition

새로운 Blue Ocean

창출