Bogdan Filov, Sofiiskata Curkva Sveta Sofia, Sofiiska Carska Pridvorna Pechatnica 1913

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COctJV1V1CKf\Tf\ UbPKBF\ CB. COcDV171

OTb

LIPb 5or Lif\Hb II. <:Pvtnosb ilHPEKTOPb HI\ HI\POilHI-1 5! MY3EH

Cb 140 06PF\3F\ Bb TEK.CTf\ 1-1 21 TF\6nl-1Ul-1

- ~ VI3.Uf\Bf\ CO<PVIHCKOTO f\PXEOnOrvt4ECKO .UPY>K.ECTBO Cb CPoilCTBF\ OTb <!JOH.ilf\ HF\ CO<tJHt1CKF\TF\ 06WHHF\, OTPE.ilEHb 3F\ TF\311 Uonb

Co¢11st, UapCKa np11llBOpHa ne'!anmua, 1913.

I .I

nptnrosopb

851BaHeTO Ha HaCT051W,aTa I<HI1ra 61:, Bb3MO}I{H0 CaMO 6naro.o,apeHI1e Ha

WaCTni1BOTO CTe4eHI1e Ha pe.O,HI..J,a 06CT051TenCTBa 11 Ha roni:.MI151 11HTepeCb,

KO~To noi<a3axa KbMb He51 Ha.o,ne}I{HI1Ti:. KpJKrose y HaCb. Oco6Ho ront.Ma

6naro.o,apHOCTb .O,bn}l{a Bb TOBa OTHOWeHI1e Ha KOMI1TeTa 3a 11CTOp1151Ta

Ha Coqm51, nt.~cTsysawb OTb 11MeTo Ha Coqm~CKI151 rpa.o,c1<11 CbBi:.Tb 11 Ha 6bnrapci<oTo

apxeonorl14eCJ<O .o,py}l{eCTBO. To~ Cb Ha~-roni:.Ma fOTOBHOCTb B3e Bb BHI1MaH11e BCI141<11

MOI1 }l{enaH1151 11 Hanpas11 roni:.MI1 nap114HI1 }l{epTB11, 3a .o,a ce 113na.o,e KHI1raTa no

Ha411Hb, I<O~TO .o,a OTrosap51 Ha Ba}I{HOTO XY.O,O}I{eCTBeH0-11CTOp114eCKO 3Ha4eHI1e Ha

TpeT11paHI151 Bb He51 naMeTH11l<b. 6naro.o,apeHI1e Ha Ta311 w,e.o,pOCTb Ha I<OMI1TeTa

MO}I{eMb cMt.no .o,a ro J<a}l{eMb - Bb HawaTa KH11}1{HI1Ha 3a npbBb nJKTb ce 51B51Ba

e.O,HO 113.0,aHI1e, np11 J<OeTO CJ!\. 113nOn3ysaH11 Bb Tal<bBb W11p01<b pa3Mi:.pb ycbBbp

WeHCTByBaHI151Ta Ha CbBpi:.MeHaTa ne4aTapci<a TeXH11J<a.

no OTHOWeHI1e Ha 11306pa}l{eHI151Ta ce HanpaBI1 BCI141<0 Bb3MO}I{H0, 3a .o,a ce

nOCT11rHe no-roni:.Ma 51CHOTa 11 T04HOCTb. f\1<0 Bbnpi:.K11 TOBa 113Bi:.CTH11 ManK11 He.O,O

CTaTbLJ,I1, 3a 1<011TO CaMb aBTOpbTb Ha~-MHOfO Cb}l{an51Ba, He MO}I{aXa .o,a ce 1136i:.rHaTb,

np11411HaTa e, 4e y HaCb n11ncsaTb owe Heo6xoni1M11Ti:. TeXH114eCK11 ycnoBI151, KOI1TO

611xa 611n11 Bb CbCT051HI1e .o,a 3a.O,OBOn51Tb TBbp.o,t, np11.0,11p411BI1n BI<YCOBe.

nnaHoseTt. 11 peCTaspaU,1111Tt. Ha Ll,bpi<BaTa, Bb3np0113BeneHI1 Ha Ta6n. IX .0,0

XIV. f<aKTO 11 .o,st.Tt. CKI1UI1 Bb Tei<cTa o6p. 15 11 22, CJK 113pa6oTeH11 no MOI1 yi<a3aHI151

OT f:. apXv!Tei<Ta f\T . .QOHI<OBb, I<O~TO np051811 TBbp.O,t ycbp.O,eHb 11HTepecb l<bMb Ta311

pc:,SoTa H sno}l{l1 Bb He51 roni:.Mb TPY.O.b 11 CTapaHI1e. Op11r11HanH11Ti:. peeTaspau,1111 CJK

Ha:lpdBeHH Bb Mawa6b 1:50 11 CJ!\. HaManeHI1 np11 penpo.o,yKLJ,1151Ta 4 nJKTI1. np11 113pa

OOTBaHeTC Ha Kn11WeTaTa o6a4e Mawa6bTb He e MOrbnb na 6JK.o,e cna3eHb CbBdMb

T04HO, BCJli:..O,CTBI1e Ha I<OeTO, 3a yCTaH0851BaHeTO Ha nt~CTBI1TenHI1Ti:. Mi:.p1<11, Tpi:.6sa

rJ,a ce npHt-trHe 11 .o,o na.o,eHI1Ti:. Bb Tei<cTa yi<a3aHI151.

Kor ... Ha M03ai1KI1Ti:. 11 <PpecJ<I1Ti:., Bb3npo113Be.o,eHI1 Ha Ta6n. XV-XXI, J<aKTO

Vi flOLJH1 .. -141<11 p11CYHI<I1 Bb Tei<CTa, CJ!\. HanpaseHI1 nO.O,b MO~ Hall30pb OTb XY.O,O}I{-

HHKa f\~. reopr11eBb, I<O~TO 11 Bb T051 cny4a~ noi<a3a CBO~CTBeHaTa HeMy T04HOCTb 11

.uoGpoCbstcTHOCTb. BI1HeTI<aTa Ha CTp. 1 e OTb CT. 6an}I{OBb, 3arnasHaTa 6yi<sa Ha

Cfr,lUaTa CTpaHI1Ua OTb .u. n . .Uaci<anOBb, a 811HeTJ<aTa Ha 1<0p11U,11Ti:. OTb X. Ta4eBb.

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Ha SCI-141<1-1 Tl-151 rocno,o,a l-13Ka3saMb M051Ta 6naro,o,apHOCTb 3a Cb.llt,HcTsY!eTo, KOeTo

MY! yKa3axa 1-1 4pt,3b KOeTo ,o,onpY!Hecoxa 3Ha4Y!TenHo 3a xy,o,o>t<eCTseHOTO l-13,0,aHY!e Ha

KHY!raTa. C;r;.wo TaKa ,O,bn>t<a HaH-roni:,Ma 6naro,o,apHOCTb 1-1 Ha M051 .1106bpb np1-151Tenb

npocp. f1op,o,. VfsaHOSb, KOHTO SY!Har!-1 MY! e 61-1nb none3eHb Cb CSOY!Tt, CbSt,Tl-1 1-1 KOHTO

4eTe e,o,Ha KopeKTypa.

HaH-nocni:, ocTasa ,o,a oT6t,nl:,>t<a, 4e Y!3si:,cTHa cnbHKa Sb pa6oTaTa c1-1 4ys

CTsysaxb nopa,o,l-1 OCKi'K,[I,HOCTb Ha CbOTSt,THa nY!TepaTypa Sb COcpY!HCKY!Tt, 6!-16nY!OTeKY!.

HaY!CTY!Ha, cTapY!n n;r;.TeweCTseHY!Ul-1 npt,3b 6anKaHCKI-151 nonyoCTposb c;r;. 3aCTEKneHYI

cpasHY!TenHO ,[I,OCTa ,o,o6pt, Sb Hapo,o,HaTa 6!-16nY!OTeKa. npl-1 see Tosa He MO>t<e ,o,a ;

CTasa ,o,yMa ,O,a>t<e 1-1 3a e.11Ha OTHOCY!TenHa nbnHOTa Sb TOSa OTHOWeHY!e. ETO 3aLU,O

He MOra ,o,a Y!MaMb npeTeHUI-151, 4e CbMb Cb6panb SCI-141<0, KOeTO Ci'K nY!canl-1 CTapY!Tt,

n;r;.TeweCTseHYIU,l-1 sbpxy Cs. Cocp!-151, HO Ha.lli:,saMb ce, 4e noHe HYIWO 3Ha4J.1TenHo He

e nponycHaTo. Owe no-cna6o e 3acTEKneHa Sb cocpY!HCKY!Tt, 6!-16nl-1oTeKY! Cbspi:,MeH

HaTa apxeonor!-14ecKa nY!TepaTypa. 61-16n1-1oTeKaTa Ha Hapo,o,Hl-151 My3eH MY! 6i:,we

see naKb TSbp,o,t, none3Ha, MaKapb 3a MHoro pa60TY! ,o,a 6i:,xb npY!Hy,o,eHb ,o,a npY!-

6i:,rsaMb ,[1,0 SbHWHa nOMOLll,b. np1-1 TaKY!Sa ycnOSI-151 si:,psaMb HY!KOH Ht,Ma ,o,a SMt,Hl-1

sb rpi:,xb Ha asTopa, 4e TOH He e Y!Manb Sb3MO>t<HOCTb ,o,a l-13non3ysa e,o,Ho YlnYI

,o,pyro Cb4Y!HeHY!e Sbpxy SbnpOCY!Tt,, KOY!TO Ci'K 3acerHaTYI Sb HaCT051WaTa KHY!ra.

Cocp!-151, 12 cemeMsp!-1 1912 ro,o,.

OTb f\BTOPf\ .

-

Voir le resume franrais a La fin du livre.

n pi:;AroBOpb.

YBOAb.

CerarnHOTO CbCTOHHHe ua UbpKBaTa.

1. M-EcrononoH<eHI1e .

rnf\Bf\

2. 06w,o CbCTOSIHI1e Ha U,bp!<BaTa

3. Crpo11renH11S1Tb Marep11anb. .

4. BbHWHI1Ti5 cr-EH11 Ha u,bpKsara

5. BJKrp-EwHOCTbTa Ha u,bp!<sara.

rnf\Bf\ 11

nbpBOHa~anHHSITb BHHb Ha UbpKBaTa.

1. Oni1Tb 3a peKoHcrpyKU,I1SI .

2. XapaKrepb Ha nbpBOHa4anHaTa nocrpo1'11<a.

rnf\Bf\ III

no-CTapu crpaau Ha Mi>CTOTO Ha CB. Colf>nH .

r· n f\ B f\ IV

HeKpononbTb Ha UbpKBaTa Ca. Colf>IIH

1. KaMeHHI1 cap!<ocpa311.

2. rpaAeHI1 rpo6HI1U,11

3. 06111<HOBeHI1 rpo6ose

4. 0rA-EnHI1 npi5AMeTI1

5. 06wb xapa!<repb 11 Aara Ha HeKponona

rnf\Bf\ v ApxnTeKTYPHO-HCTOpnlleCKHTi> npo6neMn .

1. )J,arara Ha Cs. CocpHS! .

2. nereHA11 3a CbrpaH<AaHeTO Ha Cs. Cocp11S1

1. Cs. Co¢1151 11 U,bp!<OBHara apx11Te1<rypa Bb Mana-f\31151.

4. Cs. Co¢1151 11 poMaHCKara u,bp!<OBHa apx11Te1<rypa

r n f\ B f\ VI

HcTopHH Ha llbPKBaTa Ca. Co<J>uH .

1. Cs. Co¢1151 AO o6pbWaHero H Bb AH<aMI1SI .

2. Cs. Co¢1151 1<aro rypc1<a AH<aMI1SI

Cn11cb1<b Ha o6pa311Ti5 11 ra6n11u,11r-E .

YJ<a3arenb

Pe3 <)r-le Ha ¢peHCI<I1.

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7

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11

13

14

23

39 39 45

49

61 66 69 88

96 99

109

110

114

120

131

143

144

148

163 165 167

YBO.D.b

BbpAt ManKO C~ OCTaHanYI crpaAY!Tt Bb (O<jJ¥151, KOYITO Y!MaTb CTapY!HeHb xapat<Tepb.

5bp30TO HapaCTBaHe Ha rpaAa cntAb OCB060H<AeHYieTO, HOBY!Tt Yl pa3H006pa3HYI HYH<AYI,

ycY!neHaTa AO HeYIMOBtpHOCTb CTpOY!TenHa At51TenHOCTb, K051TO eABa CMOrBa Aa YAO

BlleTBOpYI pacTeW,YITt nOCT051HHO YI3YICKBaHYISI, KOpeHHOTO npoMtHeHY!e Bb HalJY!Ha Ha

H<YIBOTa Yl Bb ycTpOHCTBOTO Ha H<YillYIW,eTO, HaH-nOCJlt - KOeTO e OC06HO 3a CbH<a

JleHY!e - 6e30rneAHaTa TbprOBCKa CneKylla Cb HOBYITt 3AaHYI51 , KOYITO nptAYI BCYIYKO e

Tpt6sano Aa 6~AaTb e¢TeHYI, 6e3b Aa ce rneAa Ha TtxHaTa KoM¢opTHOCTb 11 ecTeTYI

YeCKa o6CTaHOBKa - BCYIYKYI rB3YI npY!YYIHYI C~ HanpaBY!nYI OTb AHeWHaTa 6bJlrapCKa

\ CTOJlYILJ,a enY!Hb CbBbpWeHO MOAepeHb Bb YICTOpYIYeCKaTa CMYICbllb Ha AyMaTa rpaAb,

Cb BCYIYKYI HefOBYI CJla6Y! CTpaHYI Yl nptY!Myw,eCTBa, HO Ha BCtKYI cnyYaH rpaAb 6e3b

_. ,-,_, , ·- •'-I YI TpaAYILJ,YIYI, 6e3b apXYITeKTypHa ¢YI3YIOHOMYI51, rpaAb, Bb KOHTO u,apysa YYAHO cMtweHY!e

,,, ., :; :·.':!rl, YlllYI no-npaso rpaAb Ha 6e3CTYinY!eTo. MoAepHa Co¢1151 HOCYI sceu,tno oTneYaTbt<a Ha

·~1-'C'('fl~• - bj130 Y13paCTBaHe - aKO MOH<e TaKa Aa Ce KaH<e - Ha CBOeTO nptH<AeBptMeHHO pa3BYITY!e,

.u:;.--•. · , , ."i-1 eAYIHb rpaAb He MOH<e Aa He 6~Ae CBbp3aHO Cb C~W,Y!Tt HeAOCTaTbLJ,YI Y1 onaCHOCTYI,

K;·. , , ,-, :;•:~ oC:tKYI eAY!Hb OpraHYI3bMb.

i\ ,1 ' 0 rneAa YOBtKb Tt3YI npaBYI Yl WY!pOKYI YllYILJ,YI, Tt3YI HOBYI Y1 TOJ1K03b pa3JlYI4HYI eAHa OTb

.Ll • 'l :;c: :'")HKYI, OTb KOYITO HYITO eAHa He e no-CTapa OTb TPYIAeCeTY!Ha fOAYIHYI, KOMY 611 MY!HaJlO

.1) S L )'·~ c '"~ TOH ce HaMY!pa Bb eAYIHb rpaAb, KOHTO Y!Ma 3aAb ce6e CYI ABaAeCeTBtKOBHa YICTOp¥151

1-1 I . ,-.:; I 0 rn, i! :JOAbllH<eHYie Ha TOnK03b CTOJltT¥151, npYI pa3HYI HapOAYI Yl YCllOB¥151, e Ylrpallb pOI1SITa Ha

'! :. ' • . •.Tt:'-!t: !leHb AYXOBeHb, aAMYIHYICTpaniBeHb Yl TbprOBCKYI LJ,eHTbpb Ha fOJltMa YaCTb OTb 5an

;.:aJ ,,_ ._., o~o::. c•cTpOBb 7 K~At c~ naMeTHYILJ,YITt, KOYITO Aa HYI rosopS!Tb 3a TOBa MYIHano, 3a Co¢1151

I

2 (TapHHHH erpanH Bb Cocjml!

l<aTo u,eHrbpb Ha crapHT-t cep,!l,vt, I<OHTO c;r,. Hacen51sanH Hei1HaTa OI<OnHOCTb owe np-tAH Po»<,!l,eCTBO

Xp1-1croso 1-1 OTb I<OHTO rpa,!l,bTb e A06Hnb Hai1-cTapoTo Ci-1 H3s-tcTHO ,!l,OCera HMe Cep,!l,HI<a; 3a Co

cjm51, l<aTo rnaseHb rpa,!l,b Ha pHMCI<aTa npoBHHLJ,I-151 Dacia mediterranea, a no-nocn-t l<aTo Bd»<Ha BH.

3aHTHi1cl<a 1-1 6bnrapc!<a !<p-tnocTb 1-1 - Bb rypc1<o sp-tMe - 1<aTo rnaseHb rpa,!l,b Ha pyMenHi1CI<OTO

6ei1nep6ercTBO? OcTaHano n~-1 e ,!l,Hecb H-two Bb Cocjm51, I<OeTO ,!l,a Hi-1 np-tHaC51 Bb T-t3H OT,!l,ane4eHH

enOXI-1, I<OeTO ,!],a r~-1 O>KI-1BOTBOp51Ba 1-1 ,!],a l-13npaB51 npi;,!l,b HaCb T-tXHI-151 cypoBb, HO Cb,!l,bp>KaTeneHb

1-1 MoweHb o6pa3b?

H1-1e CMe ,!l,nb>KHI-1 Cb Cb>KaneHHe na npi-13HaeMb, 4e naMeTHVILI,HT-t Ha TOBa MHHano C;r,. se4e

ll04TI-1 BCI-141<1-1 6e3Cn-tnHO 1134e3HanH 1-1 TO He CaMO Bb MaTepHanHaTa CMHCbnb Ha ,!l,yMaTa, HO (Ji',.WO

11 Bb AYXOBHara. 3aworo, 1<oraro ce e cb6ap51na crapa Cocj:JH51, 3a ,!l,a ce nocTp011 ,!l,HewHara, Hl1l<Oi1 He

e ce norpH»<Hnb ,!l,a HH 3ana3H Hei1HH51 CTapb H3rne,!l,b noHe Bb o6pa3b 1-1 n11cMo, 1<a1<TO 1-1 Hl1l<Oi1 He

e ce norpH»<Hnb ,!l,a or6-tn-t»<H noHe BCI-141<1-1 oH-t3H cTapH naMeTHHu,H, I<OHTO c;r,. H3nl13anH Ha51s-t

np11 3aCTp051BaHeTo Ha rpa,!l,a 1-1 np11 npo!<apsaHe Ha HerosaTa !<aHanl13aLJ,H51. R noHe»<e ,!l,HeCb u,eH

TpanHaTa 4aCTb Ha rpa,!l,a, Bbpxy I<051TO ce e 113,!l,Hranb 1-1 aHTI14HI-151Tb rpa,!l,b, e se4e OI<OH4aTenHo 3a

crpoeHa , ro HHe He MO»<eMb ,!l,a xpaHHMb 11 Ha,!l,e>K,!l,a, 4e Cb noMOWbTa Ha apxeonorH4eCI<H pa3-

I<Oni<H we MO>Ke ,!l,a Ce Bb3CTaHOBI1 llOHe OT4aCTI1 113ry6eHOTO.

E,!l,Ba ce Ha6p051BaTb ,!l,HeCb Bb Cocp1151 TpH-4eT11pH crapH crpa,!l,l1 Cb MoHyMeHTaneHb xapal<

repb : H30CTaBeHI1T-t se4e u,bpi<BH Cs. leopr11 1-1 Cs. CocpH51, 5HIOI<b-,!l,>KaMH51, Bb I<051TO ce noM-twasa

HapO,!l,HH51Tb My3ei1, 11 ,!l,>KaMI151Ta 5aH5l-6awl1, I<051TO, Bbnp-t1<11 BCI141<1151 onHTb Ha M11HanoTo, c;r,.wo ce

3acTpawasa se4e ,!l,a CTaHe »<epTsa Ha rp11»<ara 3a MO,!l,epHoro ,6naroycrpoi1crso" Ha CTOnHu.aTa.

Me»<,!l,y T-t311 Mano6poi1HH Crpa,!l,l1 Hai1-ron-tMb HHTepeCb np-t,!l,CTaR51 Bb BCti<O e,!l,HO OTHOWeHI1e LJ.bpi<

BaTa Cs. Cocp1151.

Ta3H u,bp!<sa HMa H31<ni0411TenHo 3Ha4eHHe 3a Cocp!-151 . Owe orb sp-tMero Ha csoeTo Cbrpa»<

,!l,aHe ,!l,Op11 ,!l,O Hai1-Hoso sp-tMe T51 e npo,!l,bn»<asana ,!],a 6;r,.,!l,e Hai1-BI1,!l,HaTa crpa,!l,a Bb rpa,!l,a, I<OSITO,

Bbnp-t1<11 BCH41<H yAapH Ha Ci'h,!l,OaTa, e YCT051na Bb npO,!l,bn>KeHHe Ha ,!l,bnrl-1 cron-tTH51 Ha BCH41<11 pa3-

pywHrenHI1 CTHXI111, CHMBOnH3Hpawa no T03H Ha4HHb Bb ce6e CH MI1HanOTO 11 rpai1HOCTbTa Ha CaMH51

rpa,!l,b . vbrne,!l,bTb Ha T0311 rpa,!l,b 4eCTO Ce e M-tH51Banb, HapO,!l,i-1 c;r,. 11,!],-tJlH 11 3aMHHysanH, ,!l,B0pU.11 CJi',.

ce 113,!l,Hranl1 1-1 Cb6ap51nH , ron-tMH crpaAH 11 51l<H 1<p-tnoCTHI1 cT-tHH Ci'h H34e3sanH 6e3cn-t,!l,HO orb

3eM51Ta, u.apcrsa 11 penHrHH c;r,. ce Hacn-t,!l,sanl-1, o6a4e Cs. Cocp1151 - reHI151Tb Ha rpa,!l,a - e CT051na

3,!l,paBO Ha OCHOBHT-t Cl-1, l<aTO LJ.bp!<Ba Hnl1 ,!l,>KaMH51, si;peHb CTpa>Kn Ha sp-tMeTO. (b nbnHO npaBO

MO»<eMb ,!l,a Ka»<eMb, ye HcropH51Ta Ha Cs . CocpH5l e Bb ron-tMa CTeneHb HCTOpi-151 H Ha caM!-151 rpa,!l,b

CocpH51, Tbi1 1<aTO BCI-141<11 no-3Ha4HTenHH Cb611TH51 11 npoM-tHI1 c;r,. Hanaran11 CB051 OTneYaTbl<b Ha

LJ.bp!<BaTa. He Hanpa3HO Hapo,!l,HaTa cpaHTa3H5l e Cb3,!l,ana TOni<03b nereH,!l,H 3a Ta3H U.bp!<Ba, 41151TO

s-ti<OBHa ,!l,pesHOCTb 5I e o6!<p;r,.»<Hna Cb opeona Ha csbpxecrecrseHoro.

Tosa T-tCHO c6n11>KeH11e Ha rpa,!l,b 11 U.bp!<sa, no,!l,nOMOrHaTO owe 11 OTb o6cT051TenCTBOTo, ye

Cs. Cocpi-151 e 6Hna MHTpononi1TCI<a LJ.bpi<Ba , e HaM-tpHno CB051 peaneHb 113pa3b Bb npoM-tHaTa Ha 11Mero

Ha rpa,!l,a, OTb cp-t,!l,HOB-ti<OBHOTO Cp-t,!l,eU.b - o6pa3yB"'HO no HapO,!l,Ha eTHMOJIOrl151 OTb crapoTo 11Me

Cep,!l,111<a - Bb Cocj:JH51. 1) no Tal<bBb Ha4HHb, cn-t,!l,b l<aTO LJ.bpi<BaTa ,!l,aBa Ha rpa,!l,a 11 ,!l,HeWHOTO 11Me,

T5l crasa e,!l,HHb BH,!l,b Herosa eM6neMa, Hepa3,!l,-tnHa 4aCTb OTb Herosoro MHHano.

06a4e Cs. Cocpi-151 np-tACTaB51 He caMo M-tcTeHb 11HTepecb OTb rne,!l,HweTO Ha 11CTOp1151Ta Ha

Cocj:JH51. He3aBHCI1MO OTb TOBa TSI 11Ma H TBbp,!l,t, ron-tMo o6wo Hay4HO 3Ha4eHI1e l<aTo e,!l,HHb OTb

Hai1-sa»<HHT-t crap~-1 apXHTel<rypHH naMeTHI1U.I1 Ha 5anl<aHCI<H51 nonyocrposb. Ma!<apb H ,!l,a e Ha npbBb

norne,!l,b TBbp,!l,-t Heyrne,!l,Ha H nHweHa OTb 1<a1<BHTO 11 ,!l,a 611no xy,!l,O»<eCTBeHI1 6oraTCTBa, TSI BeYe no

CB051Ta cpOpMa Ce 51B51Ba l<aTO e,!l,HHb 113BbHpe,!l,HO HHTepeCeHb ,!l,OI<yMeHTb 3a pa3BI1THeTO Ha CTapO-

I) npi>HMeHyBaHeTO e CTaHanO HaH-KbeHO Bb KpaSI

Ha XIV si>Kb, o6a4e Me»<ny HaeeneHHeTO ro ee e n04Hano

Bi>pOI!THO owe npi>3b XIII Bi>Kb. rn . K. VI p e 4 e l{b, n .¥.-

rysaHHI! no 6bnrapHS1, npi>B. flprHpOBb, nnOBllHBb 1899, erp. 14 H 3a6. 29; M. lJ pH HoB b, Cb4HHeHHSI I erp. 642 en. ( Csi>rnHHa IV, 1894, erp. 27 en).

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3Ha'leHHeTO Ha Cs. CocjJHSl 3a rpana H Bb HayKara 3

xp1-1CH151HCI<aTa LI,bpi<OBHa apxHTeKTypa. Bb 1<a1<BO ce 3aKnt04aBa no-T04HO HeHHI-151Tb 1-1HTepeCb 1-1

Kai<BO HOBO A0np1-1HaC51 T51 3a I-1CT0p1-151Ta Ha apX1-1Tei<TypaTa, TOBa we I-1MaMe cny4aH Aa BI-1AI-1Mb no

HaTaTbl<b. TyKb we ce orpaHI-141-1Mb caMo Aa 3a6-En'E>I<I-1Mb, 4e Cs. · Cocjm51, I<051TO CbBC'EMb H'EMa

Bl-13aHTI-1HCI<I-1 Xapa!<Tepb 1-1 Ce OTnl-14aBa p'E31<0 OTb BCI-141<1-1 Apyrl-1 LI,bpi<BI-1 y HaCb, C041-1 51BHO Ha

eAI-1Hb nep1-10Ab, I<OraTO Bl-13aHTI-1HCI<I-151Tb CTI-1nb He e OWe nony4Hnb OHOBa l-131<ni041-1TenHO rocnOACTBO Bb

LI,bp!<OBHaTa apX1-1Tei<TYPa Ha 6anKaHCI<I-151 nonyoCTpOBb, I<OeTO nO-KbCHO e 3aAyWI-1nO BCI-141<1-1 Apyrl-1

CaMOCTOHHI-1 np051BI-1 1-1 e HanO>I<I-1nO CB051 OTne4aTbl<b AOpl-1 1-1 Ha noCTpOHI<I-1Ti; OTb HaH-HOBO Bp'EMe.

f\1<0 Bbo6we Cs. Cocjm51 Aa np'EACTaB51We caMo eAHa sapHaLI,I-151 Ha I-13B'ECTHI-1T'E Be4e y HaCb 1-1 Bb

CbC'EAHI-1T'E CTpaHI-1 LI,bpi<OBHI-1 Tl-1nOBe, TO HeHHOTO Hay4HO 3Ha4eH!-1e 61-1 61-1n0 TBbpAi; ManKO. 8b

CJKW,HOCTb o6a4e Hl-1e HMaMe TYI<b pa6oTa Cb eAHa opHrHHanHa noCTpOHKa, 41-11-1TO oco6HOCTI-1 He

MOraTb Aa Ce 0651CH51Tb Bb3b OCHOBa CaMO Ha M'ECTHI-1T'E naMeTHI-1LI,I-1. 3a .ga HaM'Ep1-1Mb TOBa 0651CHeHI-1e,

Hl-1e w.e Tp'E6sa Aa oTnpaBI-1Mb HaWI-151 norneAb l<bMb no-Aane4HI-1 CTpaHI-1 1-1 Aa npocn'EAI-1Mb rnaBHO

CTapoxp1-1CTI-151HCKaTa LI,bpKOBHa apxHTeKTypa Bb Mana-f\31-151, K051TO e HMana TaKOBa pi;wasaw.e 3Ha-

4eHHe 3a o6pa3ysaHeTo Ha Bl-13aHTI-1HCI<I-151 CTHnb. Bbo6w.e Cs. Cocjm51, no CB051Ta apx!-1Tei<TOHCI<a ..(

cpOpMa, ce 51B51Ba l<aTO eAHa noCTpOHKa, Bb 1<051TO ce KpbCTOCBaTb pa3ni-14HI-1 Bni-151HI-151, 1<051TO np'EA

CTaB51 H'ElllO np'EXOAHO, H Tbi<MO Bb TOBa ce 3aKnl04aBa HeHHOTO ron'EMO apXHTeKTypHO-HCTOpH4eCKO

3Ha4eHHe.

[AHa TaKaBa 3Ha4HTenHa noCTpOHI<a He e MOrna Aa He np1-1BnH4a BHI-1MaH!-1eTO Ha BCI-141<1-1,

KOI-1TO CJK ce HHTepecysanH 3a CTapHT'E naMeTHI-1LI,H. Ow.e nJKTeweCTBeHHLI,HT'E OTb XVI AO XVIII s'EKb,

4HHTO n.li'\Tb e BOA'Enb np'E3b CocpH51, He nponyw.aTb n04TH HHKora Bb CBOHT'E 3anHCKH Aa Ka>l<aTb

no H'EKonKo AYMI-1 1-1 3a Cs. Cocpl-151, KaTo 3a eAHa OTb rnaBHHT'E 3a6-En'E>I<I-1TenHocTH Ha rpaAa, MaKapb

4e ManLI,I-1Ha OTb T'EXb HH AaBaTb no-nOAp06HI-1 CB'EA'EHI-151 3a TOraBaWHOTO CbCT051HI-1e Ha LI,bpKBaTa. 1)

CJKwo H Bb no-HoBaTa Hay4Ha nHTepaTypa Cs. CocpH51, MaKapb 1-1 MHMOXOAOMb, 4eCTO e CTaBana

np'EAMeTb Ha pa3HCI<BaHe, l<aTO npH TOBa rnaBHH51Tb BbnpOCb ce e BbpT'Enb He TOni<03b Ol<OnO HeH

HaTa cpopMa KaTo noCTpOHKa, KOni<OTO 01<ono HeHHaTa AaTa. 2) Ensa Bb HaH-HOBO sp'EMe, cn'EAb KaTo

CTaHaxa nocn'EAHHT'E ron'EMH pa3KOnKH Bb LI,bpKBaTa np'E3b 1910 1-1 1911 roA., ce no51BI-1 1-1 eAHa no

o6wHpHa cneLI,HanHa CTYAI-151, nocseTeHa I-13Knt041-1TenHo Ha Cs. Cocp!-151.a)

8bnp'E1<H C.li'\llleCTByBaHeTO Ha T03H Hay4eHb HHTepeCb, LI,bpKBaTa cn'EAb OCB060>I<AeHHeTO e

6Hna Abnro sp'EMe np'EHe6p'ErHaTa 1-1 oCTaBeHa Ha np01-13BOna Ha C.li'\A6aTa. 0THa4ano T51 e cny>1<1-1na

l<aTO CKnaAb Ha ra3a 3a rpaACI<OTO OCB'ETneHHe 1-1 3a pa3HI-1 Apyrl-1 HenoTp'E6HI-1 MaTepHanH; nO-I<bCHO

HeHHI-151Tb Kynonb 61; H3nOJl3yBaHb KaTO Ha6ntOAaTeneHb nyHKTb 3a nO>I<apHaTa I<OMaHAa, 3a 1<051TO

1) 3a erapHTt n;v;reweerseHHUH H TtxHHTt esi;ni;HHSI 3a UbpKBara rn. no-noni; Bb VI rnasa.

2) B. r pH r 0 p 0 8 H 'l b, QyepKb nyreweerBiSl no EsponeiieKOH TypuiH, 2-po H3n. MoeKBa 1877, erp. 135; F. Kanitz, Donau-Bulgarien und der Balkan , 2-po H3n. Leipzig 1882, II erp. 211 en.; K. J ire c e k, Die Heerstrasse von Belgrad naeh Constantinopel und die Balkanpasse, Prag 1877, erp. 91; f\rehaeologisehe Fragmente aus Bulgarien (Bb f\reh.-epigraph. Mitteil. aus Oesterreieh-Ungarn X 1886) erp. 47 en .; Cesty po Bulharsku, Praha 1888, erp. 7-9 H, MHoro no-nonpo6Ho, Bb 6bnrapeKHSl npi;sonb Ha Ta3H KHHra OTb Cr. f\prHpOBb, n;v;rysaHHSl no EbnrapHSl, nnosnHBb1899,erp. 12-15; Ep. WKopnHnOBH, Cpi;nHesi;KOBHH YepKBH H rpo6Hwa Bb CocpHSl (sb C6opH. 3a Hap. yMors. II 1890) erp. 47; B . .Oo6pyeKH, MarepHanH no apxeonorHSITa Ha EbnrapHSl (Bb C6opH . 3a Hap. yMOTB. XIII 1896) crp. 435-440 ; Laurent, Bb Bull . de eorresp. heffenique XXII , 1898, erp. :61 ; M. C n epa He K iii, f\pxeonoriSl y IO»<HblXb enaBSIHb (sb f\pxeonorH'leeKiSl H3si;eriSI H 3aMi;TKH MoeKoseK. apxeon. o6weersa Vl1898) erp. 53; f\. Top H boB b, .Opi;sHexpHeTHSIHeKiH xpaMb Cs. CocpHS!

(Bb CnHe. Ha HH»<eHepHo-apxHT. npy»<. VI 1901) erp. 128-131; J. Strzygowski, Die ehristliehe Kunst in einigen Museen des Balkan (sb Oesterreiehisehe Rundsehau III 1905) erp. 164 ; E. CnpoerpaHOBb, Et,n-B>HKH H npHnHeKH no eocjJHiieKHTt YepKBH (Bb C6opH. 3a Hap. yMors. XXII--XXIII 1905/7) erp. 29; e. w M H T b, HOBblSl BioS! HiS! Bb apxeonorH'leeKOH HayKio Ha EanKaHeKOMb nonyoerposio (Bb >KypH. MHHHer. Hap. npoesi;w. XXXIV 1911 orni;nb IV) crp. 20-26; B. F i I ow, Bb Jahrbueh des deutsehen arehaeol. InstiL XXVI, 1911, flnzeiger erp. 358-352; l-'13sioerHSl Ha 5bnr. apxeon. npy»<. I, 1910, crp. 220 H II, 1911, erp. 259 en.- J.13K'l3aHHTt Bb noBe'leTO OTb Tt3H eT3THH MH-BHHSI e;v; pa3rnenaHH KpHTH'leeKH 0Tb f\ . n p 0 T H 'l b Bb UHTHpaHaTa Bb en-BnHSITa 3a6i;ni;»<Ka KHHra, erp. 15-50. He e;v; 6HnH H3B-BCTHH Ha nporHYa eaMo erarHHTt Ha HpeYeKa (f\rehaeologisehe Fragmente), Ha CnepaHeKiH H Ha CnpocrpaHosa.

:1) f\ . n p 0 T H 'l b, f\pXHTeKTOHH'leeKaTa cpOpMa Ha eocpHHeKaTa UbpKBa Cs. CocpHSI (MarepHanH 3a HCTOpHS!Ta Ha Cocp11SI, H3n. Co¢. apxeon. npy»<., KHHra II), CocpHSI 1912, 126 erp. eb 30 o6pa3a.

! ! i

I

- ....

4 3ana3saHero Ha Cs. Co~HSI

u.i>nb Bbpxy Hero e 6Y!na Yl3,o,YirHaTa ,o,bpBeHa ~<yna. np-E,o,YI 15-20 ro,o,YIHYI ce rosop-Ewe ow,e ce

pY103HO 3a Cb6ap51HeTO Ha U,bp!<BaTa, HO T03YI npOei<Tb Ce i·bOCTaBYI, CTpysa MY! ce, nopa,O,YI 3HaYYI

TenHaTa cyMa, noTpi>6Ha 3a pa3san51HeTO Ha TaKaBa conYI,o,Ha noCTpoi1Ka, na HaMi>pY!xa ce Yl snYI51-

TenHYI xopa, I<OYITO ce npoTY!BonoCTaBY!Xa Ha TOBa Hi>wo. Ha11-nocnt, npi>3b 1900 ro,o,. Bb tO»<HY151

CTpaHYIYeHb Kopa6b Ha u,bp!<BaTa ce yCTpOYI cerawHYI51Tb HOBb napaKnYICb, KOHTO ce TBbp,o,t, MHOro

noc-Ew,asa OTb Ha6o»<HYITi> co<jJYI51HU.YI, 6e3b na ce HanpaBYI Hi>w,o 3a 3ana3BaHeTo Yl Ha ocTaHanaTa

YaCTb Ha U,bp!<BaTa.

Hanocni>nblHYI. Cni>,o,b KaTo 6-Ewe Cb3,o,a,o,eHb Bb

Ha YanoTo Ha 1911 ro,o,. cneu,Y!aneHb 3ai<OHb 3a eTa pY!HYITi>, cbrnacHo KOHTO Abp»<aBaTa ce aHra»<Yipa

Cb 3ana3saHeTo Yl nO,ll,ll,bp»<aHeTo Yl Ha He,o,BYI»<YIMYITi> naMeTHYIU.YI, e,o,Ha OTb nbpBYITI pa6oTYI Ha Ha

po,o,HYI51 My3el1 Bb Tosa HanpasneHY!e 6-Ewe na B3efle Mi>pKYI 3a 3ana3BaHeTo Yl Ha Cs. Co<jJYI51. Ha

nbpso spi>Me ce nonpaBYI u.i>nY!51Tb noKpY!Bb, KaTo ce noKpYI Cb KepaMYIAYI OTb CTapb TYinb, 3a ,o,a

He npOHYIKBa Ab»<AOBHaTa so,o,a BJup-E. Cn-E,o,b TOBa ce HanpaBY!Xa HY»<HYITi> nocnKnKYI Yl 3a no-3Ha

YYITenHYI nonpaBI<YI, I<OYITO YIMaTb 3a u,i>nb npi>,o,Bap,o,BaHeTO Ha U,bp!<BaTa OTb no-HaTaTbWHO pa3py

WeHY!e, 1<a1<TO Yl 3a YaCTYIYHaTa H peCTaBpau,YI51, YY!eTo YI3BbpWBaHe e np-E,o,cTo51w,e. 1)

.Hape,o,b Cb TOBa 3anOYHa ce Yl CYICTeMaTYIYHOTO YI3YYBaHe Ha U,bpi<BaTa, I<OeTO 6t, ynecHeHO

6naro,o,apeHY!e Ha Cb3,o,a,o,eHYI51 OTb Co<jJYIHCI<YI51 rpa,o,CKYI o6w,V!HCI<YI CbBi>Tb npi>3b 1910 ro,o,. ,<jJOHAb

3a YICTOpY151Ta Ha rpa,o,a Co<jJYI51". Ll,bpKBaTa Cs. Co<jJYI51 <jJY1rypY1pawe ow,e OTb caMOTO HaYano KaTo

e,o,Y!Hb OTb rnaBHYITi> o6e1<m, I<OYITO Tpi>6sawe ,o,a ce npoyYaTb. 3HaYY!TenHYI cpi>,o,CTBa OTb <jJoH,o,a ce

ocTaBYixa Ha pa3nono»<eHYie Ha 6bnrapCKOTO apxeonorYIYecKo ,o,py»<eCTBO Bb Co¢1151, 3a ,o,a np-E,o,

npY!eMe TO pa3l<Oni<YI Yl YI3YYBaHYI51 Kai<TO Bb CaMaTa U,bp!<Ba, TaKa Y1 Bb Henocpi>,o,CTBeHaTa H OI<On

HOCTb. ,Il,py»<eCTBOTO OTb CB051 CTpaHa HaTOBapY! Cb Y13BbpWBaHeTO Ha Ta3YI pa60Ta aBTOpa Ha Ha

CT051W,aTa I<HY!ra .

Pa3KOni<YITi> ce 3anoYHaxa Ha 27 tOnY! 1910 ro,o,. Yl npO,o,bn»<Yixa pe,o,oBHO Yal!<JKCHaTYI npi>3b TOBa Bpi>Me CaMO Be,O,Ha»

CeU,b, OTb 18 asrycTb ,o,o 16 cemeMBpYI. BcYIYI<O ce Ha6paxa 3a pa3l<Oili<YITI npi>3b Ta3YI ro,o,Y!Ha

83 pa6oTHYI AHYI, KaTO ce ynoTpi>651Baxa cpi>,o,Ho no 8-10 AYWYI pa60THYIU.YI Ha ,o,eHb. Hi>KOYI AHYI,

I<OraTO Ce 51B51BaWe nOBeYe rpy6a pa60Ta, YY!CnOTO Ha pa60THYILJ,Y1Tt, Ce ysenY!YaBaUle Y1 ,0,0 20. npi>3b

nbpBY!Ti> 25 ,o,eHa, ,o,o 24 cemeMBpYI, pa3KOni<YITi> CTasaxa no,o,b Henocpi>,o,CTBeHYI51 Ha,o,3opb Ha YYYI

Ten51 r. Cn. Bbni<OBb, I<OHTO so,o,-Ewe Yl ,o,HeBHYII<a ,o,o Ta3YI ,o,aTa. Cni>,o,b TOBa, noHe»<e r. Bbni<OBb

3aMV!Ha 3a Mi>CTOHa3HaYeHYieTO CYI KaTO YYYITenb, Tpi>6sawe a3b CaMb ,o,a Ce Harbp651 Cb Ha,0,30pa Ha

.pa3l<Oni<Y!Tt,, l<ai<TO Yl Cb npO,o,bn»<eHY!eTO Ha ,O,HeBHYII<a.

KoraTo Hai1-Hanpi>Ab ce noYHaxa pa3KOnKYITi>, HYie YIMaxMe npi>,o,BYIAb rnasHo ,o,a Y51CHYIMb

Hi>I<OYI YYICTO apXV!Tei<TypHYI npo6neMYI Yl ,o,a yCTaHOBYIMb TOYHO nbpBOHaYanHYI51 nnaHb Ha U,bp

I<BaTa. 06aYe MHOro6pOHHYITi> rpo6HYIU,YI Yl OT,o,i>nHY! rpo6ose, I<OYITO Ce OTI<pY!Xa OW,e Bb CaMOTO Ha

Yano, nOI<a3aXa, Ye w,e 6JK,o,e He06XO,!l,YIMO OCHOBHO npi>TbpCBaHe Ha nOYBaTa, Bb l<ai<BiHO CMY!Cbnb

ce Y1 npo,o,bn»<Y!Xa pa3KOni<YITi>. Ha~·Hanpi>,o,b ce pa31<pY!Xa OCHOBYITi> Ha ci>sepHOTO CTpaHYIYHO OT·

)J.i>fleHYie Ha npi>,ll,ll,BepYieTO, cni>Ab I<OeTO pa3KOni<YITt, ce npOAbn»<YIXa OI<OflO BCYIYI<YI YeTY!pYI CTpaHYI

Ha U,bp!<BaTa, KaTO HaBCi>I<JK,O,i> CJK CTapaexMe Ypi>3b pe)J.YILJ,a COH,O,a»<YI ,o,a CTY!rHeMb ,0,0 3,0,paBa nOYBa,

1<051TO 06Y!I<HOBeHO ce yKa3Bawe Ha )J.bfl60YYIHa OI<OnO 4 M. nO)J.b HYIBOTO Ha nnow,a,o,a. no T03YI Ha-

411Hb Ce 113Cni>)J.Ba u,i:,naTa OI<OnHOCTb Ha U,bp!<BaTa, Ha pa3CT051HI1e 3 )J.O 5 M. OTb CTi>HHTi>. ,Il,i>TO

ce yKa3a »<enaTenHo, Hanpas11xa ce Yl no-AaneYHH coH,o,a»<H, KOHTO o6aye He )J.a,o,oxa HHI<ai<BYI oco6HYI

1) Bb MOMeHTa, KoraTO nHWeMb rB3H penose. pa·

60THTB 3a yaCTHYHaTa pecraspaUHSI Ha Ubpt<sara seYe

C?i'\ nOYHarH. npt.UH SCHYKO 3a3npaSS!Sarb ce nyKHarHTt.

yacrH Ha ubpKsara . Cnt.nb rosa we ce Cb60pH rypcKara

CrBHa, KOS!ro 3anywsa rpHyM~anHara apt<a , Karo c;;o;we

spt.MeHHO ce H3JlHrHe HaHOSO Sbpxy CrapHrB OCHOSH

anCHJlara Ha UbpKsara . no ral<bSb HaYHHb HeHHara

nbpSOHaYaJJHa KpbcrOSHUHa ~OpMa, OCaKareHa Ypt.3b

rypCKHrt. npt.npaSI<Yf, .We 6;;o;ne Sb3CraHOSeHa HaHOSO.

Orb rosa UbpKsara we cneYenH 3HaYHrenHo Ha UbJJ6o

YHHa . We ce nonpasH c;;o;wo oryacrH H npt.nHS!ra cb6o·

pcua Yacrb Ha UbpKsara.

Pa3Kontunt, npi;3b nocntnHHTt nst, ronHHH 5

pe3ynTaTI1. CaMo t:enocp-EACTBeHO AO IO}I{Hara cr-EHa Ha u,bpKsaTa He 6-Ewe KonaHo, TbH KaTo TYKb

Ci'K 611m1 npaseHI1 pa3KOnK11 ow,e np-E3b 1900 roA., Koraro ce e srpa}I{Aana ManKaTa MOAepHa u,bpK

BI1U,a Bb IO}I{HI1SI CTpaHwleHb Kopa6b Ha Cs. CoqmSI. 1)

Hai1-MHoro pa6ora ce yKa3a Bb BiKTp-EwHOCTbTa Ha caMara U,bpKsa. Cb Te4eHI1e Ha spi;Mero

TYI<b ce 6i; o6pa3yBanb HaCI1nb, BI1COI<b OKOnO 1·50 M. HaAb HI1BOTO Ha nnOUJ,aAa, KOeTO cera e

caMo Cb H-EKonKo caHn1MeTpa no-HI13KO OTb nbpBOHa4anHI151 nOAb Ha U,bpKBaTa. Bb np-EAAsep11ero

HaCI1nbTb A0CTI1rawe Aa}l{e AO 2·50 M. BI1C0411Ha. BCI14KaTa Ta311 npbCTb, I<OSITO ce 113411CnSIBawe Ha

OKano 800 KYOV1Ka, rpi;6sawe Aa ce 113XBbpn11 HaBbHb, 3a Aa Morarb Aa ce OTKp11SITb ne}l{aUJ,11T-E

nOAb HeSI M03ai14HI1 nOAOBe 11 rpo6H11u,11. 06a4e 11 TYKb He ce 3aAOBOnl1xMe caMo Cb OTKp11saHero

Ha rpo6H11U,I1Ti;, HO Hasci;KJKAi;, Ai;To 6i;we Bb3MQ}I{H0, rneAaXMe Aa CTI1rHeMb AO 3Apasa n04Ba.

nose4eTO OTb rpOOH11U,11Ti; Bb BiKTp-EwHOCTbTa Ha U,bpKBaTa ce OCTaBI1Xa pa3Kp11TI1, a APYfi1T-5 M-ECTa, #

cn-EAb 113cn-EABaHero 11Mb, ce 3ac11nsaxa HaHoso.

Ha 3 AeKeMBp11 1910 roA. pa3KOnKI1Ti; He MO}I{axa ow,e Aa ce C411TaTb 3a np11BbpWeHI1 .

.[l,o TOBa spi;Me Hl1e 61:.xMe pa3Kp11nl1 HaBC-EKJKAi; ropH11SI M03al14eHb nOAb 11 6i;xMe 113Cni;Asanl1

BCI141<11 Ti;311 Mi;CTa, Bbpxy K011TO Hi;Mawe HI1KaKBa M03ai1Ka. 06a4e Ha H-EKOI1 Mi;CTa npi;3b pa3Ba

neHV1Ti; 4aCTI1 Ha T0311 nOAb ce 6-Ewe noKa3anb se4e srop1151Tb no-CTapb nnaCTb M03ai1Ka. 3a Aa MO}I{e

Aa ce pa3Kp11e 11 TOH, Heo6xOA11MO 6-Ewe no-Hanp-EAb Aa ce OTCTpaHI1 ropH11SITb nnacTb. nopaAI-1

HaCTi'Knl1ni151Tb Be4e Cl1neHb CTYAb TOBa Hi;w,o Ce OTn0}1{11 3a cni;AHS!Ta f0AI1Ha.

Pa6oTaTa ce npOAbn}l{l1 naKb np-E3b ni;TOTO 1911 roA., OTb Ha4anoro Ha M-Eceu,b Mai1 no4TI1

AO Kpa51 Ha rQAI1HaTa. 3a peAOBHI-1 pa3KOnKI1 np-E3b TOBa spi;Me He MO}I{e Aa CTaBa AyMa, TbH KaTO

11Mawe Aa ce 113BbpwsaTb pa6or11 OTb oco6eHb xapaKrepb. np-bAI1 BCI14KO rp-E6sawe Aa ce cHeMe

T04HO 1<0n11e OTb ropHS!Ta M03ai1Ka, cni;Ab KOeTO Ce np11CTi'Knl1 l<bMb HeHHOTO 113Ba}I{AaHe, 3a Aa MO}I{e

Aa ce OTKp11e ne}l{aw,ara nOAb He51 no-CTapa M03ai1Ka. Ta311 pa6ora ce Bb3n0}1{11 Ha CKynmopa r. A Cra

MaTOBb, I<OHTO 5I 113BbpW11 Cb roni;Mo ycbpA11e 11 yMi:iHI1e. Ll,i;naTa ropHS! M03ai1Ka, KOSITO 11 6e3b

TOBa ce CbCTOeWe OTb OTA-EnHI1 nap4eTa, 6i; pa3Ai;ni;Ha Ha H-EKOni<O 4aCTI1 , 1<011TO nocpi;ACTBOMb

3ani1BaHe Cb r11ncb ce Al1rHaxa OTb nbpBOHa4anHOTO 11Mb M-tcTo 11 ce U,I1MeHT11paxa Ha ron-EM11

nn0411, scn-EACTBI1e Ha l<oeTo ce A0611 Bb3MO}I{HOCTb Aa ce np-EHaCSITb necHo OTb eAHO M-ECTo Ha

Apyro, 6e3b Aa 11Ma onaCHOCTb Aa ce pa3M-ECTBaTb KaMb4eTaTa.2) Ta311 TPYAHa 11 npOAbn}I{I1TenHa

pa6ora Hl1 no3son11, 6e3b Aa pa3sanSIMe ropH11SI nnacTb OTb M03ai1Kara , Aa pa3Kp11eMb u,i;nb ne

}l{aUJ,I1SI OTAoni; no-CTapb nnaCTb, KOHTO ce y~<a3a MHoro no-Ao6pi; 3ana3eHb. Ocs-EHb rosa cera

MO}I{axa Aa ce 113Cn-EABaTb Ha no-ron-EMa Abn60411Ha 11 oH-E311 M-tCTa, KOI1TO no-paHO ce HaM11paxa

nOAb M03ai1KaTa. no T0311 cny4al1 oTKp11 ce ow,e eAHa rpaAeHa rpo6H11u,a , KOSITO 11 Bb CTapo sp-EMe

He e 611na OTBapSIHa. EA11HCTBeHOTO M-ECTO, KOeTO He MO}I{eWe Aa ce 113Cni;ABa Ha no-roni;Ma Abn6o-

411Ha AO 3Apasa n04Ba , e TOBa , KOeTO ce HaM11pa nOAb BT0p1151 M03al14eHb nOAb. noHe}l{e T0311 nOAb

e 3ana3eHb u,i;nb 11 e o6rpaAeHb OTb Tp11Ti; CTpaHI1 Cb 3ApaBI1 311A0Be, TO ne}l{aUJ,11Ti; OTAOni; nnac

TOBe MO}I{aXa Aa Ce 113Cn-EABaTb CaMO nocpi;ACTBOMb eAI1Hb Manbl<b TyHenb OTb 113T04HaTa CTpaHa,

A-Ero H-EMa 3ana3eHb HI1KaKbBb 311Ab. 06a4e TbKMO TYKb Bbpxy Hac11na e noCTaBeHa KbCHaTa rypcl<'.a

CT-EHa , KOSITO 3anywsa TPI1YM¢anHaTa apKa Ha u,bpKsara 11 KOSITO ce HaM11pa Bb raKosa CbCT0SIHI1e,

4e npaBI1 HeMI1Cni1MO KaKBOTO 11 Aa 611n0 nOAKOnaBaHe nOAb HeSI. no Ta311 np11411Ha H3Cr.tlABaHeTO

Ha nnacTOseTi; nOAb sropara M03ai1Ka rpi;6sawe Aa ce 113ocras11 AO spi;Mero, KOraro •.u,e ce npi;

MaxHe BbnpOCHaTa rypcKa crlHa-nbnHe}l{b, Hi;w,o, KOeTO e npi;AB11AeHO np11 npi;ACT0'i1UJ,I1ri; pa60TI1

3a 3ana3BaHe Ha U,bpKsara .

no TaKbBb Ha411Hb, cn-EAb AB-ErOAI1WHa pa6ora, pa3KOnKI1Ti; Bb Cs. Cocp1151 MO}I{axa ' Aa ce

C411TaTb Be4e 3a OKOH4aTenHO np11BbpWeHI1. KaKBI1 err:. T-EXHI1Ti; pe3ynTaTI1, TOBa Ce B11}1{Aa OTb Ha-

- -- - - - -

1) 3a »<allOCTb 06 Hapon saHa e 3a n 3H pa3KOnKH

Ci'lMO enHa K;r;ca 6-tntmKa Bb C6o p tL 3a Hap. yMors .

XVIII. 1901 , 778.

2) 3a no-rontMH nonpo6Hocnt Bbpxy Ha'lH Ha, no Ko j;ho ce H3BbpwH UHra Hero Ha M03aHKara, rn. 1--13stcTH51

Ha 6bn r. apxeon . npy»<. II , 1911 , 259 en .

--

..

6

CT051W,aTa I<HHra. Ha acti<H cnyYaH He MO»<eMb Aa He H3Tbi<HeMb, '-!e Tt3H pe3ynTaTH HaAMHHaxa

Aanei<o HaWHTt O'-lai<aaHH51. He caMo nbpaoHa'-!anHH51Tb nnaHb Ha LJ,bpi<aaTa Mo»<a Aa ce yCTaHoaH

Cb aCH'-II<HTt My nO,[Ip06HOCTI1, HO Cf!',W,eaptMeHHO Ce Y51CHH H LJ,tnaTa HCTOpH51 Ha Ll,bpi<aaTa, 11 TO

Tbi<MO 3a npt3b T0311 nepHOAb, 3a I<OHTO HtMaMe a6coniOTHO HHI<ai<aH nHcMeHH H3atcTH51. VI ab T03H

cnyYaH nonaTaTa H3abpWH cao51Ta atpHa apxeonorHYeci<a cny»<6a, a OTI<pHTHTt naMeTHHLJ,H HH AaAoxa

Ca051 51CeHb H l<aTeropH'-IeHb OHOaOpb Ha rontMa '-laCTb OTb OHt3H abnpOCH OTb MHHaJIOTO Ha

Ca. CocpH51, I<OHTO 3a Hacb AOcera 6txa noi<pHTH Cb TbMHO H HenpoHHLJ,aeMo 6yno. He1<a ce HaAt

aaMe, Ye 6f!',AaW,H HaXOAI<H ab no-AaJJe'-!HaTa OI<OnHOCTb Ha Ca. CocpH51 w,e pa3ptwaTb MO»<e 6H ab

OI<OH'-!aTeJJHa CMHCbJib H OHt311 abnpOCH, I<OHTO ,[\HeCb ace OW,e OCTaaaTb OT!<pHTH HJIH I<OHTO Ce OT!<pH

aaTb eABa cera HMeHHO scntAcTaHe Ha nocntAHHTt H3yYaaHH51. 3aw,oTo Cs. CocpH51 npHHaAne»<H I<bMb

OHt3H naMeTHHLJ,H, '-IHeTo 3Ha'-leHHe He ce H3Yepnsa ca,Mo Cb eAHa CTYAH51 H I<OHTO, HanpaBeHH aeAHa»<b

AOCTf!',nHH 3a nO-W11p01<11 !<pf!',fOBe, CTaBaTb H3XO,[\Ha TO'-II<a 3a BCe nO-HOBH Hay'-IHH OT1<pHTH51 H

npHA06HBI<11 .

06p. 1. - Cs. CocpH51 OTb IOrO-H3TOI<b.

rnABF\

CerawHoro CbCT051HYie Ha Ubpi<Bara

1. Mtcronono}f{eHMe

L,lbpi<BaTa Cs. Cocj:>VI51 ce VI3,D,VIra Bb ci:;sepo-VI3TOlJHaTa, HaH-BVICOI<aTa lJaCTb Ha Cocj:>VI51. 06-

rpa,o,eHa ,D,HeCb Cb BVICOI<VI MOHyMeHTanHVI nOCTpOHI<VI, OC06HO Bb Henocpi:;,D,CTBeHOTO CbCi:;,D,CTBO Cb

HosonoCTpoeHaTa u,bp!<Ba Cs. f\nei<caH,o,bpb HeBCI<VI, '-lVIHTO Kynonb ce VI3,D,VIra ow,e OI<Ono 25 MeTpa

Ha,o,b Cs. Cocj:>VI51, Ta3VI nocni:;,o,H51Ta He npaBVI BelJe oHoBa sne'-laTneHVIe, I<OeTo e npoV13BeH<,o,ana no

paHo Bbpxy n.¥.THVII<a, KoraTo TOH ce e npV16nVI»<asanb l<bMb rpa,o,a. He caMo CTapVIT"i:; n.¥.TeweCTBe

HVIU,VI oT6i:;ni:;3saTb, lJe Cs. Cocj:>VI51 ce e BVIH<,o,ana KaTo HaH-BVICOI<a VI HaH-nVI'-lHa noCTpOHI<a TBbp,o,i:;

OT,o,anei<O, HO ,D,aH<e ,[1,0 npi:;,o,VI ,D,eCeTVIHa rO,D,VIHVI, ,D,O,D,i:;TO OW,e HeHHaTa Henocpi:;,D,CTReHa OI<OnHOCTb

He 6i:;we 3aCTpoeHa, T51 npo,o,bnmasawe ,o,a 6.¥.,o,e HaH-BVIAHVI51Tb nyHI<Tb Ha rpaAa, I<OHTO OTb roni:;Mo

pa3CT051HVIe Ce XBbpn51We Bb OlJVI,

no spi:;Me Ha ocso6om,o,eHVIeTo, npi:;3b 1878 ro,o,., Cs. Cocj:>VI51 ce e na,o,ana no·nVI BbHb OTb

rpa,o,a. Ha !Orb OTb He51 C.¥. ce VI3,D,VIranVI npoCTpaHHVITi:; Typc!<VI Ka3apMV1 (rn. o6p. 2 ), I<OVITO C.¥.

6VInVI OHVIW,OH<eHVI OTb nomapb OW,e npi:;3b 1879 ro,o,. 1) )J,HeCb nonOH<eHVIeTO CbBCi:;t-1b e VI3Mi:;HeHO.

HoBVI51Tb I<BapTanb l<bMb no,o,yeHe ce npocmpa cera ,o,ane'-lb Ha VI3TOI<b OTb u,bpi<BaTa, K051TO no

T03VI HalJVIHb e CTaHana Be'-le B.¥.Tpi:;wHa noCTpOHI<a. KaKBO e 6VIno o6alJe HeHHOTO nonomeHVIe

Cnpi:;Mo CTapV151 rpa,D,b, l<ai<TO Bb MOMeHTa Ha HeHHOTO nOCTp051BaHe, TaKa VI npi:;3b cni:;,D,HVIT"i:; ro

,[l,VIHVI ,o,o 3asna,o,51BaHeTO Ha Cocj:>VI51 OTb Typu,VITi:; - Bbpxy TOBa Hi:;w,o Hi:;MaMe TO'-lHVI csi:;,o,i:;HVI51.

npVI BCe TOBa T03VI BbnpOCb e OTb roni:;MO 3HalJeHVIe 3a U,bp!<BaTa VI no Ta3VI npVI'-lVIHa Tpi:;6Ba ,o,a

ce cnpeMb Bbpxy Hero.

~) K. VI p e 4 e I{ b, ni!'.TyBaHHS! no 6bnrapH51, CTp. 13.

•

8 CerawHOTO CbCT051HHe Ha UbpKBaTa

V13si:;cTHo e, 4e TonorpacpH5!Ta Ha CTapaTa Cocjm5!, npi:,3b pHMCKO, BH3aHTHi1CKO 11 6bnrapCI<O

Bpi:,Me, He e HHKaKb yCTaHOBeHa. 6bp30TO 3aCTp05!BaHe Ha rpa.o,a CJli:;.O,b OCB060>t<.O,eHHeTO, KOraTO

OW.e He e HMaJlO XOpa, KOHTO .o,a CJli:;.0,5!Tb OTKpHBaHHTi:; OCTaTbU.H Ha CTapH5! rpa.O,b H .o,a MOraTb

.O,a rH H3nOJ13yBaTb KaTO TOnorpacpH4eH~ MaTepHaJlb HllH noHe rpH>t<JlHBO .o,a rH OT6i:,ni:,3BaTb, e

rnaBHaTa npH4HHa, .o,i:;TQ HHe .O,HeCb He MO>t<eMb .o,a 6opaBHMb Bb Ta3H 06JlaCTb Cb nOJlO>t<HTeJlHH

cpaKH1, a CMe npHHy.o,eHH nOBe4e .o,a CH Clly>t<f1Mb Cb npi:,.o,nOllO>t<eHH5!. 6naro.o,apeHHe CaMO Ha Ha·

6mo.o,eHH5!Ta, KOHTO Vfpe4eKb e HanpaBHJlb Ha CaMOTO Mi:;CTQ HaCKOpO CJli:;.O,b OCB060>t<.O,eHHeTO, npi:,.o,H

ow.e .o,a 6J\'..o,e 3aCTpoeHb rpa.o,bTb Cb HOBf1Ti:; crpa.o,f1, 1) MO>t<e .o,a ce C4HTa 3a nono>t<HTellHO, 4e CTa

Pf15!Tb rpa.o,b ce e CbBna.o,anb npH6Jlf13HTellHO Cb ueHTbpa Ha Mo.o,epHH5!, KaTo e 3aeMaJlb npoCTpaH

CTBOTO OKOJlO TOnllHTi:; MHHepallHH 6aHH, a HMeHHO, 4apWH5!Ta, espei1CKH5! KBapTaJlb Y1 Hi:;KoraWHY15! 6bJl

rapCKH KBapTaJlb OKOJlO U.bpKBaTa Cs. Kpanb.~) 06a4e .o,OKJ\'..o,i:, ce e npoCTHpanb T03H CTapb rpa.o,b, Tosa

He MO>t<e .o,a ce yCTaHOBH no-T04HO. KonKOTO ce OTHaC5! .o,o caMaTa U.bpKBa Cs. Cocjm5!, V1pe4eKb e HaKllO

HeHb .o,a npHeMe, 4e T5! e Jle>t<alla BbHb OTb rpa.O,CKHTi:, CTi:;HH, KaTO Ce n030BaBa Ha TOBa, 4e OKOJlO LJ.bp

KBaTa CJ\'. HaMi:;peHH CaMO MHOI"O rpo6oBe, CJli:;.O,H OTb rpa.o,HHH Cb BO.O,OnpOBO.O,HH TpJ\'.611 H 6pOH30BH MO··

HeTH, HO HHKaKBH CJli:;.O,H OTb .o,pyrH noCTpOHKf1.';) 06a4e OTb TOBa OOCT05!TeJlCTBO ow_e He MO>t<e .o,a Ce CJ\'..O,H,

4e Cs. Cocjm5! ce e HaMHpana BbHb OTb KptnocTHHTt CTtHH. Vf HaHCTHHa caMb Vfpe4eKb nO-KbCHO

6tnt>t<H, cnope.o,b e.o,Ho nHcMo Ha Y4HTell5! Vfs. 6powKa OTb CocpH5!, 4e cHrypHH cnt.o,H OTb rontMa

pHMCKa crpa.o,a, .O,bllra OKOJlO 50 MeTpa, Bb K05!TO 6HJla HaMtpeHa e.o,Ha 6aKbpeHa Ba3a H e.o,Ha 6pOH-

30Ba MOHeTa OTb KoHCTaHTHHa BenHKH, 6HJlH OTKPHTH MHOro n6 Ha H3TOKb OTb Cs. CocpH5!, .o,o caMH5!

3ana.o,eHb 6ptrb Ha no.o,yeHCKaTa pi>Ka.~) Ta3Y1 noCTpOHKa OCBtHb aKO npHeMeMb, 4e TOBa e

611110 Hi:;KaKBa BHJla, Jle>t<aw.a BbHb OTb rpa.o,a -- noKa3Ba, 4e CTapH5!Tb rpa.O,b, nOHe Bb BH3aHTH~1cKO

BptMe, ce e i!POCTHpallb MHOro no-.o,ane4b, OTKOJlKOTO 06HKHOBeHO Ce npt.o,nonara.

no-rolltMO 3Ha4eHHe HMa 3a HaCb .o,a Ce yCTaHOBf1, KaKb e BbpBtJla CTapaTa Kpi:,noCTHa

CTi:;Ha Bb Ta3H 4aCTb Ha rpa.o,a. Vf3Bi:;CTHO e, 4e 3Ha4HTeJlHH OCTaTbLJ.H OTb ctsepHaTa H 3ana.o,HaTa

CTi:;HH Ha KptnocTbTa 6txa .o,ocKopo 3ana3eHH H 11H4exa MHOro .o,o6pt Bb ctsepo-3ana.o,HaTa 4aCTb

Ha rpa.o,a, oco6Ho onaTbKb rpa.o,cKaTa pi:,Ka (EnewHHua), Me>t<.o,y Tbi1 Hape4eHaTa espei:1cKa Ta6H5! H

TpaMBaHHOTO .o,eno. 8b3b OCHOBa Ha Tt3H cni:;.o,H CJ\'. HanpaBeHH .D,Ba OnHTa 3a peKOHCTpyKU.H5! Ha

u-l:,naTa KptnOCTHa CTtHa; e.O,HHH5!Tb OTb MaHOpb .lJ. 0 6 pi:, B C K H,-') a .o,pyrH5!Tb OTb XYAO>t<HHKa-4ep

Te>t<HHKb 0 6 e p 6 aye p b.') 06a4e H y .O,BaMaTa H3T04HaTa CTi:;Ha, OTb K05!TO H3rlle>t<.o,a AOCera

.o,a He CJ\'. 3a6tni:;3aHH HHKaKBH cni:;.o,H, e npi:,.o,a.o,eHa CbBCtMb npo6neMaTH4HO. Cnope.o,b .lJ,o-

6ptscKH T5! e BbpBi:;Jla Bb CbBbpWeHO npaBa JlHHH5! npH6JlH3HTeJlHO nO HanpaBJleHHeTO Ha .O,HeW-

1) V1peyeJlllOTO MH·

HHCTepCTBO. Toi1 e OCTaHaJib Bb 6bnrapH51 no 1 CemeMBpH

188~ ron., Karo e HManb noseye Bb3MOmHOCTb na ce npt

nane Ha HayYttH 3aHHMaHH51 npt3b nocnt.nttHTt nat ro

nHHH Ha csoero np-t6HBaHHe Bb 6bnrapH51. rn. B. 3na

r a p c 1< H, D-tiiiiOCTbTa tta n·pb Kotter. V1pcYeKb Bb 6bn

ra pH 51, nep. en. LXVI. 1905. 1-30. KonKo cepH03HO BHH

MaHHe e o6pbwanb V1peYeKb Bbpxy CTapm-t naMeTHHUH

Bb (OcpH$1, OCOOHO no OTHOWeHHe Ha Bbnpoca, I<O i:fro

TYI<b HH 3aHHMaBa. ce BHmna OTb TOBa, ye TOH Bb 6HT

IIOCTbTa CH Ha MHHHCTbpb e OTnpaBHJ!b Ha 10 MapTb

1882 ron. em;o nHC ~1 0 no Co<jJ11i1cKoro o6w11HCKO ynpa

s,leHI1e, Cb Ko ero MY o6pbuta BHHMaHHero, Ye ,noHeme

Bb Cocp1111 ce np-tnnp11eMaTb MHoro pa6or11 3a 113pa sHe

HI1e 11 nonpaB51He Hil ynHUI1Tt. npH 1<011TO CTaBaTb MHOrO

pa3J<Oni<H 11 Cny'-lilHHI1 OTBilp51HH5! Hil 3eMSl, Bt.p05!TIIO e,

ye ryKb·TaM-t tue ce HaMtpSlTb 11 HEK011 mo6oni1THH cTa

p11HI1, l< ilTO 11annHCI1, BCtl<ili<BH n-tnaHH J<aMbHH, aHT11'-lHH

C?l\ llOBe H npyr11 OCTilTbl!H Hil npeBHOCTbTil " , KilTO MOn H

Ja BC11YKI1 HaMtpeHH nono6HI1 H-ttua na ce Cbo6wasa

Bb MHHHCTepCTBOTO. fn. 3narapCK H, UI1T. M. CTp. 19 Cn.

~) V1 p eYe 1< b, Bb F\rch.-epigr. Mitteil. a us Oester·

reich X, 1886, 45; n ;r,rysaHI1$1 crp. 6. Cp. 11 r. l<aua·

p 0 Bb, np11HOCb l<bMb crapara HCTOpHSl Ita Co<jJHSl. 1910. CTp. 23 (MarepHaJII1 3a 11CTOp11SlTa Hil Cocp11Sl, I<HH)!{J<a 1).

:;) F\rch.-epigr. Mitteil. X 48; cp. 11 n;r,rysaHH$1 crp. 7. 1) F\rch.-epigr. Mitteil. X 204 en. CrtH11rt. Ha crpa

nara, ne6enH OKono I MeTbpb, 6Hn11 rpaneHI1 orb , san·

YeCTH KaMbHH H nJJOCI<H ryxn11". F\1<0 TOBa CbOOU!eHI1e

rpt6sa na ce pa 3611pa TaKa. Ye crtHI1Tt c;r, 611n11 rpa·

neH11 Cb CMt.HSleMI1 nnaCTOBe OTb J<aMbHI1 H OTb TYXJll1,

TO rorasa nocrpoi11<ara we 6;y;ne BeYe, Bbnp-tK11 l<oH·

CTaHTI1HOBaTa MOHeTa, paHHO BH3a HTHHCJ<a.

:.) Bb BoeHeHb myp1tanb XIX, 1907, 1177 en. nna

HbTb e Bb3np011 3BeneHb 11 y f<auapOBb, npHHOCb

CTp. 27, I<OHTO nasa 11 110811 TBbpn-J; Bil)!{HI1 CBt.nt.HH$1

Ja HanpasneHHero Ha Kpt.nocrHara cr-tHa (crp. 24 en.) .

1;) CKHUHTt Ha 06ep6ayepb, 11 3nbnHeHI1 TBbpnt

rp11mn11so Cb MacneHH 6oH, ce HaMHparb cera Bb ron-t

Mara YaKanHSl Ha Cocjmi1cKoro o6tui1HCKO ynpasneHHe.

p

Crapara Kp-BnocrHa cl-BHa Ha rpana 9

HaTa yn. Becneu,b, OTb TpaMBai-1HOTO ,[l,eno Ha 10ro AO xoTenb 5bnrap~S! cp-bw.y ABOpeu,a. Tosa np-BA

nono>t<eH~e Ha ,lJ,o6p-5BCI<~ e Henp~eMJl~BO, Kai<TO w.e ce B~,[l,~ OTb J.13Tbi<HaTJ.1T-5 nO-,[l,OJl-5 Cb06pa>t<eHI-151.

no-npaBJ.1JlHO pa3C~>t<,[l,aBa Vfpe4et<b, KaTO t<a3Ba, 4e C-5BepHaTa CTpaHa Ha CTap~51 rpa,[J,b Ce

e 06pa3yBaJla OTb B~COI<I-151 cera 01<0!10 10 MeTpa CI<JlOHb, Bb 41-ieTO r.O,[l,HO>t<J.1e Ce HaM1-1paTb 1-1 TOn

Ill-1rli BO,[l,l-1. 1) To31-1 Ct<IlOHb 3ano4Ba np1-16JlJ.131-1TenHo OTb M1>CTOTO, A1>To 6ynesapAb ,lJ,OHAYKOBb ce

np-Bc1-14a Cb yn. Tbprosct<a, BbpBI-1 cn1>Ab TOBa Ha I-13TOICTOTO, A1>To Ta31-1 nocn1>AH51Ta yn1-1u,a ce np-Bc1-14a Cb 6ynesapAb CDep

A11HaHAb np!-1 naMeTHJ.1t<a Ha BaCJ.1Jlb neBCI<I-1. CB. Cocp!-151 Jl€>1<1-1 Ha I-13T04HJ.151, HaH-BJ.1COIt<AY nnow.aAa Anet<

caHAbpb I 1-1 nnow.aAa ot<ono Cs. Cocp!-151 . Bbpxy T031-1 Ct<IlOHb, H-Bt<ont<o MeTpa Ha c-Bsepb OTb ABOpeu,a,

Ha M1>CTOTO Ha CTap!-151 BOeHeHb I<IlYOb (AHeCb BOeHeHb C~Ab), e OJ.1Jla OTI<p!-1Ta np-53b 1881 fO,[l,.

4aCTb OTb cTapaTa t<p-BnocTHa CT1>Ha, 3aCTpoeHa omocn-5 OTb 3AaHJ.1eTo Ha t<ny6a.~) At<o cn-BABaMe

,lJ,o6p1>BCI<J.1, Tp-56Ba ,[l,a np1-1€M€Mb, 4e t<p-5nOCTHaTa CT-5Ha, BM-5CTO ,[l,a npO,!l,bil>t<aBa OW.e Ha J.13TOKb

no ct<noHa, 3a Aa o6ropHe 1-1 Hai-1-BI-iCOt<aTa MY YaCrb, Ha K051TO ce 1-13AI-1ra Cs. Cocpl-151, Tbt<MO Ha TOBa

M1>CTO e B3€Mana IO>I<HO HanpaBJl€HI-1e - H1>W,O, t<OeTO no CTpaT€fJ.14HJ.1 CbOOpa>t<eHI-151 e 04€BJ.1,[l,HO

He,[l,onycTI-1MO. HanpOTI-1Bb, xapat<TepbTb Ha TepeHa Hl-1 t<apa Aa MI-1CI11-1Mb, 4e t<p-BnocTHaTa CT1>Ha e

npO,!l,bil>t<aBana ow.e ManKo Ha I-13TOKb no Ct<IlOHa, o6rpbw.ana e Hai-1-BHCOt<aTa MY 4aCTb 1-1 e,[l,Ba

cn-5Ab TOBa e 3aBI-1Bana Ha 10ro, np!-16JlJ.131-1TenHO no HanpasneHHeTo Ha 6ynesapAb CDep,[J,1-1HaHAb.

Tosa np-BAnonomeHHe ce nO,!l,t<p-5n51 ow.e OTb e,[l,I-1Hb cpat<Tb, t<OHTO MY np1-1AaBa n04TI-1 nbnHa c!-1ryp

HOCTb. no cp-BAaTa Ha nnow.aAa, t<oi-1To ce o6pa3ysa OTb np1>CJ.14aHeTo Ha 6ynesapAb CDepA1-1HaHAb

I) f\rch.-epigr. Mitteil. X 45: Die Nordseite der antiken Stadt bildete ein jetzt an 10 m. hoher f\bhang. an dessen Rand sich auch die heissen Quellen befinden.

Cs. Co¢~•

~) ~ p e 4 e 1< b, f\rch.-epigr. Mitteil, X 45; n,v;rysaHHII CTp. 7.

2

10 CerawHoro CbCT051HHe Ha UbpKsara

Cb 6ynesapAb Uapb-Ocso60AHTenb, AO MHHanara rOAHHa nw1ewe HapaBHO Cb ynHLJ,aTa nap'-le OTb

crl;Ha, Ae6ena OKono 1"50 Merpa, rpaAeHa OTb pi>'-IHI-1 KaMbHI-1 Cb 51Kb xopocaHb OTb sapb 1-1 ni>CbKb.

KaKTO no MarepHanb, TaKa 1-1 no rpaAe>Kb rosa nap'-!e noKa3sawe nbnHo CXOACTBO Cb ocraHanHri>

cni>AI-1 OTb Kpi>nOCTHaTa CTi>Ha Bb ci>sep0-3anaAHaTa '-!aCTb Ha rpaAa, KOI'ITO 6txa MHOrO nO-A06pt,

3ana3eHH. He Mome Aa HMa cntAOBarenHo HHKaKBO CbMHi>HHe, '-!e H3TO'-!Hara crtHa Ha KptnoCTbTa

e AOCTHrana '-!aKb AO T031-1 nyHKTb 1-1 '-!e no ra3H npH'-IHHa LJ,bpKsara Cs. Cocp1-151 rpi>6sa Aa e nemana

H3B.!Krpt KpimocrHara cri>Ha. KaKro cera Mo>KeMb no-TO'-IHO Aa KameMb, T51 Cb Henocpi>ACTBeHara

CH OKOnHOCTb e 3aeMana CaMI-151 Ci>BepO-I-13TO'-IeHb .!Krbnb Ha Kpi>nOCTbTa, HeHHaTa HaH-BI'ICOKa '-!aCTb.

noA06HH Ha I-13TbKHaTHTi> TYKb Cb06pameHI-151 3a HanpasneHHeTO Ha KptnoCTHaTa crtHa C.iK HaKapanl-1

si>p051THO KaHHLJ,a Aa MHCnl-1, '-le TbKMO Ha rosa Mi>CTo ce e HaMHpana eAHOBpi>MewHara LJ,HTaAena

Ha rpaAa. 1)

Orb KOe sptMe Aar1-1pa KptnocTHara cri>Ha, 3a K051TO CTasa AyMa ryKb, He e ow,e ycraHo

BeHo. Ha BCi>KI-1 cny'-laH OTb o6CT051TenCTBOTO, '-!e Bb He51 C.iK HaMtpeHH srpaAeHI-1 aHTI-1'-IHI-1 KaMbHI-1

Cb HaAnHCH,~) MO>Ke Aa Ce 3aKnJO'-II-1, '-!e T51 He w,e Aa e no-CTapa OTb KbCHO p1-1MCKO spi>Me, T. e. OTb

'-!eTBbproro crontn1e en. Xp.~) Cni>AOBarenHo Karo Ka3BaMe, '-le LJ,bpKsara Cs. Cocp1-151 ce e HaMHpana

113B.iKTpi> Ha KOHCTaTHpaHaTa KptnOCTHa CTtHa, TO OTb TOBa OW,e He cntABa, '-!e Mi>CTOTO, Ha KOeTO

e nocrpoeHa ll,bpKsara, e BnH3ano Bb nepHcpepH51Ta Ha aHTI-1'-IHI-151 rpaKHHCKH 11 nocni> pHMCKI-1 rpaAb

CepAHKa. 0Kono ll,bpKsara, KaKTO H3TbKHaxMe se'-!e no-ropt (CTp. 8), ocstHb MHoro6poi1HH rpo6HHLJ,I-1,

3a KOHTO w.e HMaMe cny'-lai1 Aa rosopHMb noAp06Ho Bb '-leTBbprara rnasa, He C.iK HaMtpeHI-1 HI-1-

KaKBH Apyrl-1 OCTaTbll,H OTb aHTI-1'-IHI-1 crpaAI-1, MaKapb '-!e LJ,i;nara OKOnHOCTb e 61-1na pa3KOnaBaHa Ha

roni>Ma Abn6o'-!HHa, oco6Ho np1-1 nocrpoi1Kara Ha ll,bpKsara Cs. f\neKCaHAbpb HesCKI-1, Ha xyAomecr

BeHO-HHAycrpHanHOTO Y'-IHnHw,e 1-1 Ha CHHOAanHara nanara - nocrpoi1KH, KOHTO C.iK H3BbpweHH eABa

Bb re'-leHHe Ha nocni>AHHTt Hi>KonKo roAHHI-1.~) CnopeAb rosa He MO>Ke Aa ce Kame Cb nonomHren

HOCTb, Aanl-1 BHCO'-IHHara, Ha K051TO e nocrpoeHa Cs. Cocp!-151, e nemana Bb nepHcpepH51Ta Ha aHTI-1'-IHI-151

pHMCKI-1 rpaAb. 3a CHrypHO MO>Ke Aa ce C'-II'!Ta o6a'-!e, '-!e T51 e 61-1na BKnJO'-IeHa Bb cptAHOBi>KOBHHTi>

CTi>HI-1 Ha rpaAa.'-,)

1) F. Kanitz, Donau-Bulgarien und der Balkan,

II crp. 220. ~) rn. B. llo6pyCI<H, C6opH. 3a Hap. YMOTB. II,

1890, 5 CJI.

3) flo nono6Ho 3aKJIIO'leHHe noxa>Kna 11 Ka ua po Bb,

npHHOCb crp. 27. Karo yKa3Ba Ha cpaKTa, 'le CepilHI<a l<bMb

cptnara Ha nerH51 stKb e 611na pa3pyweHa orb xyHHrt.

11 <Je Kptnocrbra e 611na Bb306HoBeHa cnopenb csHntren

crsoro Ha npoKonH51 (de aedific. IV 1 p. 68) orb IOcrH

HHaHa, KauapOBb e HaKnoHeHb na npHeMe, <Je KO'iCTaTH

paHHrt. KptnOCTHH Crt.HH C;'i'; OTb BptMeTO Ha T03H HMne

paropb, 6e3b na H3KJIIO'lBa Bb3MO>KHOCTbTa, 'le rt 6Hxa

MOr.rlH na narHpaTb 11 OTb no-KbCHO sptMe. 06a<Je rpt6sa

na ce 3a6+ nt>KH, 'le rpane>KbTb Ha cepnHKHikKHTt crt.HH

e CbBbpweHO pa3JIH'leHb OTb T03H Ha IOCTHHHaHOBHrt.

KptnOCTH, KaKTO ri; HH c;r; H3BtCTHH OTb XHCapCKHTt

6aHH 11 orb KIOcreHnHnb(rn. 6. ¢HJIOBb, l--13stcrH51 Ha

6bnr. apxeonor. npy>K. II, 1911, 99 en., oco6Ho 142 en.).

no ra3H npH'lHHa a3b CbMb nose<Je Hal<noHeHb na npHeMa,

'le BbnpOCHHTt cepnHKHl:fcKH CTtHH (;y; OTb no-paHWHO

sptMe 11 <Je IOcrHHHaHb ce e 3anosonHnb caMo na no

npasH ,pa3nanHanHrt ce orb sptMero" (e~;ppw06-:x 'cji

XP~:mp d -;;(il_"'l e!Jpol'l) yKptnneHH51.

!) np11 nonaraHe OCHOBHrt Ha rt3H nocrpoi1KH c;r;

HaMtpeHH HaHCTHHa HtKOH apXHTeKrypHH aHTH'lHH cppar

MeHTH, a HMeHHO enHHb Mp51MOpeHb HOHH'leCKH KanHTeJlb

H nap<Jera orb rontMb apxHrpaBb OTb sapOBHHIKna, 'le Tt3H

<jJparMeHTH c;r; 6HJIH nptHeceHH TYIKeHb MarepHanb Bb no-KbCHO

sptMe.

'') n;r;rewecrseHHUHTt OTb XVI-XVIII stKb (rn. 3a

rtxb Bb nocntnH51Ta rnasa) l<a3sarb H3pH4HO, <Je CocpH51

e 6Hna OTBOpeHb rpanb 6e3b CTtHH. 06a<Je OTb nO-HOBO

sptMe HaMHpaMe CBtiltHH51, KOHTO IlOHtl<;r;ni; npOTHBO

pe'laTb Ha no-crapHrt. n;r;rewecrseHHUH. TaKa Bb 3anHc

KHrt. Ha F. de Beau jour (Uoyage militaire dans I' em

pire othoman, Paris 1829, I 454) 'lereMb: Sophia •.. n'est

pas mieux defendue que Nissa et n'a pour toutes fortifi

cations qu'une simple enceinte, flanquee de tours, au mi

lieu de laquelle est un reduit, ou reside le principal pa

cha de Ia Turkie europeenne ..• C;r;wo 11 rpacpb Cos-

6bOcpb 6tnt>KH owe Bb Kpa51 Ha XVIII stKb: Die Stadt

(CocpH51) ist nur mit schlechten Mauern eingefasst (Des Gra

fen von Ferrieres Sauveboeuf Reisen durch die

Turkei, Persien und Flrabien in den Jahren 1782-1789, aus dem franzosischen ubersetzt, Leipzig 1790, II 213). Cnopenb rosa rpt6sa na npHeMeMb, <Je MaKapb !<pt

noCTbTa Bb rypc1<o sptMe 11 na e 611na pa3saneHa, scntn

CTBHe Ha Koero CocpH51 e MOrna na 6;r;ne 03Ha'leHa Karo

orKpHrb rpanb, KptnocrHHrt crtHH see nalKila OTb HerOBHTt

nyMH: L'ancienne enceinte de murailles est presque dis

parue (Recueil d'itineraires dans Ia Turquie d'Europe,

Vienne 1854, I 65). Cp. Bbpxy crap11rt. KptnocTHH crtHH

Ha CocpH51 11 Kanitz, Donau-Bulgarien II 219 en.

TypcKH np~npaBKH Ha ubpKOBHHT~ c~HH 11

2. 06wo CbCT051HY!e Ha UbpK.sara

no CB051Ta cpopMa U,bpKBaTa CB. CocpH51 np-EACTaB51 3aCBOAeHa KpbCTOBHAHa TPHKOpa6Ha

6a3HnHKa Cb Kynonb H Cb eAHO np-EAIJ,BepHe. 0TCTpaHH Ha anCHAaTa T51 H-EMa BTOpOCTeneHHH OTJJ,i;

neHH51 HnH AB-E nO-ManKH anCHAH, KaKTO e 06HKHOBeHO cny4a51Tb Bb BH3aHTHJ1CKHTi; U,bpKBH. 06a4e

ABt, ManKH OTA-EneHH51 Ce Hafi!HpaTb OTCTpaHH Ha npi;,lJ,l],BepHeTO.

06p. 3. - DeTafinb OTb c~sepHaTa cr~Ha Ha UbpKsaTa.

,lJ,bn>HHHaTa Ha u,bpKBaTa 3aeAHO Cb anCHAaTa e 46'45 MeTpa, wHp04HHaTa ~ 20·20 M. CaMo

U,eHTpanHH51Tb KOpa6b e WHpOKb 7•70 M., a CTpaHH4HHTt, - no 4·30 M. ,lJ,bn>HHHaTa Ha Hanp-E4HH51

Kopa6b e 23 M., wHp04HHaTa MY 7'30 M. BHC04HHaTa Ha u,eHTpanHH51 Kopa6b e 16·10 M., a BHC04H

HaTa Ha Kynona e 19'75 M. 0CTaHanHTi. BTOpOCTeneHHH M-EpKH MOraTh neCHO Aa Ce B3eMaTb OTb

nnaHa 11 pa3p-E3Hrl (Ta6n. X-XIV).

Cs. CocpH51 ce HaMHpa AHeCb Bb nonomeHHeTO Ha eAHa cpaBHHTenHo ow,e A06pt, 3ana3eHa

pyHHa, KO:i!TO e Bb CbCT051HHe Aa HH AaAe nbnHo np-EnCTasneHHe 3a nbpBOHa4anHH51 H3rneAb Ha

U,bpKBaTa. 06a4e H3B-ECTHH 4aCTH C.:K Be4e CbBC-EMb Cb6opeHH, a HMeHHO u,i;naTa anCHAa Cb I<Ba-

\

12 CerawHoro CbCTOSIHHe Ha UbpKsara

,upaTa np-t,ub He51 4aKb no TPYIYMcpanHaTa apKa (rn. o6p. 1), ,usi;Tt, oT,u-tneH¥151 OTCTpaHYI Ha np-t,u,usepY!eTO

Yl LJ,i;naTa n-tsa nonoBY!Ha Ha cpaca,uaTa. Ocs-tHb TOBa LJ,bpKBaTa e np-tTbpn-tna Bb TypcKo sp-tMe 3Ha- f 4YITenHYI nonpaBKYI Yl npoM-tHYI. Tt, ce CbCT051Tb np-t,uYI BCYI4KO Bb yManeHHeTo YlnYI CbBbpweHOTO'

3anywsaHe Ha MHOro OTb npo30pLJ,Y1T-t Yl spannt,, a TaKa CtKW.O Yl Bb MHoro6poi1HYI no,uKbpnsaH¥151

Ha 3YI,UOBert. Ha npbBb norne,ub ,ua)i{e T-t3YI TypcKYI nonpaBKYI Yl npY1CTpoi1KYI Yl3rne)i{,uarb MHOro no-

3Ha4YITenHYI, OTKOnKoTo CtK rl; Bb CIKW.HOCTb. TaKa Hanp. LJ,-tnaTa c-tsepHa cT-tHa Ha LJ,bpKBaTa, KaKTO

OTBbHb (o6p. 3), TaKa Y1 OTBIKTpt, (o6p. 4), HOCYI 4YICTO TypCKYI XapaKTepb, Cb YI3Knl04eHY!e CaMO Ha HaH-

06p. 4. - Ct.sepHara crt.Ha Ha UbpKsara, s;r;rpt.weHb H3rnenb (cnopenb enHHb aKsapenb).

,UOnH51Ta 4aCTb OTBbHb, Ha BYIC04Y!Ha OKOnO 40 CM., K051TO e CTapa. 4osi;Kb e HaKnOHeHb Ha nbpBO

sp-tMe ,ua npY!eMe, 4e Ta3YI CT-tHa e 6Hna Cb6opeHa no4TYI ,uo OCHOBYITt, Yl nocnt, Cbrpa,ueHa HaHoso Bb

TypcKo sp-tMe. Bb CtKW.HOCTb pa6oTaTa CTOYI CbBciMb YIHaKb. Ha H-tKOYI M-tcTa, ,o-tTo TypcKYI51T"b 3YI.Ub e

OT4aCTYI pa351,UeHb, 51Ci-iO nYI4YI ow.e CTapaTa 51,UKa Ha 3YI,Ua. Ocs-tHb TOBa CBO,Ubrb Ha n-tB¥151 CTpaHYI4eHb

KOpa6b, KOHTO ne}!{YI BbpXy T03YI 3YI,Ub, e CTapb Bb BCYI4KYITt, CYI 4aCTYI. 7iBHO e cni;,uosaTenHO, 4e

LJ,i;nYI51T"b 3YI,Ub HYIKOra He e 6J-tnb CbBC-tMb Cb6opeHb, nOHe)i{e Bb TaKbBb cny4aH CBO,Ubrb He 6¥1

MOrbJ!b ,ua ce Kp-tnYI. Tosa, KOeTo ,uHeCb Yl3rne)i{,ua KaTo TypcKYI 3YI.Ub, H~ e HYIW.O ,upyro, ocs-tHb

e,uHa TypcKa o6nYILJ,OBKa Ha CTapY151 3YI,Ub, KOHTO Tpi;6sa ,Ua e 6Yinb MHOfO Ha51,UeHb Yl pa3BaneHb.

CtKW.OTO H-tw.o HaMY!paMe Yl Ha IO}!{HaTa CT-tHa Ha ,uecHYISI Kopa6b. HaY!CTYIHa, 4e Ma3YinKaTa Ha

yCTpOeHaTa Bb T03YI KOpa6b MO,oepHa ll,bpKBYILJ,a He n03BOn51Ba ,ua ce YI3Cni;,usa CaMYI51 BbHWeHb

13

31-1Ab• 06a4e Bb eAHa nO-CTapa <jJOTOrpa<\JI-151 (Ta6n. Ill) 111-141-1 51CHO, 4e T031-1 31-1Ab AD CaMaTa Cl-1

OCHOBa HMa Ci'i'\W,I-151 TYPCKH xapaKTepb, KaKTO 1-1 c-BsepHH51Tb. Ho 1-1 TYKb naKb He u.i>nH51Tb 31-iAb e

6HJ1b TYPCKI-1. CnopeAb Cb06w,eHHe Ha apXHTeKTa H . na3apOBb, KO~ho e Pi'i'\KOBOAI-111b nocTpOHKaTa

Ha MOAepHaTa U.bpKBHU.a, caMo o6nHU.OBKaTa e 61-1na TypcKa, a 51AKaTa Ha 3HAa e 61-1na naKb CTapa.

Hai1-Ao6pt, MO>He Aa ce Ha6moAaBa Ta3H HHTepecHa TeXHHKa, a HMeHHO o6nH4aHeTO Ha u.i>nb

eAHHb Ha51AeHb 1-1 OT4aCTI-1 pa3KbpTeHb 31-1Ab Cb eAHa TbHKa AOnbl1HHTenHa 31-iAap!-151, Ha ci>BepHaTa

BbHWHa CTpaHa Ha Hanpb4HI-151 KOpa6b (o6p. 7). TyKb Ci'i'\W,O roni>Ma 4aCTb OTb CTi>HaTa HOCI-1 51BHI-1

npH3HaU.H Ha no·ceTHi>wHa Hanpasa. 06a4e Ha caM!-151 c-Bsepo-3anaAeHb i'i'\rbl1b, Ai>TO nHu.eTO Ha cT-5-

HaTa e OT4aCTH pa3KbpTeHo, ce e o6pa3ysana OTnocn-5 eAHa roni>Ma nyKHaTHHa 1-1 cera ce BHH<Aa

MHOrO A06pt,, 4e HepaBHaTa nnOCKOCTb Ha CTapl-151 3HAb e 61-1JJa 1-13paBHeHa Cb eAHa MHOrO BHVI

MaTeJJHa TyxneHa 3vtAapH51, Ae6ena caMO OTb 30-50 eM . (i'i'\W,OTO. Hi>w,o MO>He Aa ce Ha6mo

AaBa 1-1 Ha ApyrH Mi>CTa Ha U.bpKBaTa, Hanp. Ha H3T04HaTa 11 CTpaHa (Ta6n. IV 1-1 o6p. 6), Ai>TO

31-1AbTb OTBbHb e rpaAeHb OT4aCTI1 Cb MaJJKI-1 TYX111-1 1-1 HOCI-1 CbBCi>Mb KbCeHb xapaKTepb, HO I-13Bi'i'\Tpt,

e CTapb. Ta1<asa nO-KbCHa oonvtU.OBKa HaMHpaMe 1-1 Bb Bi'i'\Tpi>wHOCTbTa Ha U.bpKBaTa, a HMeHHO Ha

ci>sepHaTa CTi>Ha Ha rnaBHI-151 KOpa6b, 6!11-130 AD nOAKynonHOTO npOCTpaHCTBO.

0Tb T-531-1 <jJaKTVI Ce BVIH<Aa, 4e He BCi>Ka CTi>Ha, K051TO noKa3Ba BbHWHO nO-KbCeHb npOH3-

XOAb, e CTpoeHa H3U.i>no OTnocn-5 - Hi>w,o, KoeTo HMa H3BbHpeAHO roni>Mo 3Ha4eHHe 3a npasvtn

HaTa np-Bu.i>HKa Ha crpaAaTa. vbrne>HAa, 4e HHTO eAHa OTb 3ana3eHvtTi> cera 4aCTH Ha U.bpKBaTa He

e 61-1na pa3pyweHa AD TaKaBa CTeneHb, Ai>TO Aa e 61-iJJO He06XOAI1MO Aa ce Bb3AHra T51 HaHOBO. np1-1

BCe TOBa, 3a Aa Cl-1 CbCTaBHMb T04HO npi>ACTaBneHvte 3a nbpBOHa4aJJHI-151 l-13rJJeAb Ha LJ.bpKBaTa,

Heo6xoAHMO e Aa ce H3TbKHaTb np11 HeHHOTO onHcaHHe BCH4KH no-KbCHI-1 np-BnpaBKI-1. Tosa Hi>w,o

necHo MO>He Aa CTaHe nopaAvt pa3nvt4HeTo Ha ynoTp-5651BaHvt51 Bb pa3HHTi> spi>MeHa MaTepvtanb, a

TaKa Ci'i'\W,O 1-1 nopaAH pa3HI151 Ha411Hb Ha rpaAe>Hb. ETo 3aw,o Heo6xoAHMO e na ce cnpeMb npi>AH

BCH4KO Ha T-531-1 ABa Bbnpoca.

3. CrpovnenHH51Tb MarepHanb

'-------Pa3KOnKHTi>, KOHTO ce HanpasHxa Bb U.bpKBaTa Cs. Co<jJH51, AaAoxa Bb3MO>HHOCTb Aa ce npocni>A51Th

1-1 OCHOBvtrl 11. Tt, AOCTHraTb Ha Abn6o4vtHa AO 4 MeTpa 1-1 Ci'i'\ npaseHH OTb p-54HI-1 KaMbHH 1-1 TyxnH,

nocni>AHHTi> OTb KOHTO Ci'i'\ noCTaBeHH Me>HAY KaMbHvtT-5 Bb eAvtHb nnacTh OTb 3 peAa . Cni>AOBa

TenHo TYKb HaMHpaMe Be4e OH51 xapaKTepeHb 3a paHHaTa Bvt3aHTI-1HCKa apXvtTeKTypa Ha4vtHb Ha

rpaAe>Hb, np1-1 KOHTO nnaCTOBe OTb KaMbHVI ce Mi>H51BaTb nOCJJi>AOBaTenHO Cb nnaCTOBe OTb TYXJJH,

noCTaBeHI-1 Bb 3-5 peAa. 1V Bbpxy OCHOBaTa, npi>Avt Aa ce n04He ropH51Ta noCTpOHKa, AOXa>HAa

HaH-Hanpi>Ab eAvtHb peAb OTb roni>Mvt KaMeHHVI 6nOKOBe, KOHTO o6pa3ysaTb HaBCi>Ki'i'\At, C06-

CTBeHvt51 U.OKbJlb Ha LJ.bpKBaTa 1-1 Onpi>Ai>ll51Tb no T03VI Ha4HHb HVIBOTO Ha nbpBOHa4aJlHVI51 H nOAb.

MaTepHaJJbTb, OTb Ko~ho ell\ HanpaseHvt rl3H 6noKose, e pa3nvt4eHb: cp-Bw,a ce 6-Bnb 1-1 01BO·

CHHKaBb sapOBHVIKb, a TaKa Ci'i'\W,O 1-1 6tni>3HvtKaBb ni>Cb4HVIKb. (i'i'.W,O 1-1 pa3Mi>pHT-5 Ha KBaApHTi>

Ci'i'\ pa3JlVI4HI-1 KaKTO no nOBpbXHOCTb, TaKa VI no Ae6eJJHHa.

LI,-BnaTa ropH51 noCTpOHKa e HanpaseHa vt3KJJI04vtTeJJHO OTb Tyxnl-1 1-1 xopocaHb. TyxnHTi> Ci'i'\

MHOro A06pt, H3ne4eHH, n04Tvt KBaApaTHH, Cb CTpaHa 32-35 CM. H 4·5-5·5 eM. Ae6enH. EAHaTa HMb

CTpaHa, K051TO e cnaraHa BvtHarvt HaAon-5, e no-rpanasa, a ApyraTa e A06pt, 3arnaAeHa 1-1 HMa 3Ha

Kose, TerneHH Cb ABa Hnvt TPI-1 npbCTa, ow,e npi>Avt H3nH4aHeTO, o6HKHOBeHo no AHaroHana Ha

TyxnaTa HJJI-1 nbKb Bb cpi>AaTa 11 Bb BHAb Ha He3aTsopeHb Kpi'i'\rb. XopocaHbTb, KOHTO ce OTJlH4aBa

I) rn F\. c h 0 is y. L 'art de batir chez les Byzantins CTp. 8 en .; J. S t r z y go w ski, Byzant. Denkmaler II 118; L e c I e r c q , Manuel d'archeologie chretienne II 45 11 np.-

Bbpxy ynoTp-t6eHI1eTo Ha Ta311 TeXHI1Ka Bb X11capcKaTa Kp-tnoCTb OTb Bp-tMeTO Ha IOCT11HH3Ha r11. 6 . <l> 11 11 0 B b, I-13B"tCT11SI Ha 6bnr. apxeon. npym. II. 1911, 112.

•

i '

I t

I !

f

14 CerawHOTO CbCTOSIHHe Ha UbpKeara

no CB051Ta SII<OCTb, e HanpaseHb OTb Bapb, ni:;Cbl<b H CYyKaHH AOCTa Ha eApO KepaMHAH HIIH TYXIIH.1)

Toii e cnaraHb Me»<AY TyxnHTi:; Bb roni:;Mo KOIIHYeCTso, KaTo o6pa3ysa nnaCTose, YHSITO Ae6enHHa ce

paBHSIBa 06HKHOBeHO Ha Ta3H Ha Tyxmnt, a Ha Mi:;CTa Sl Aa>t<e HaAMHHaBa. rpaAe>t<bTb Ha CTi:;HHTi:; e

H3BbHpeAH0 npaBHJieHb H paBHOMi:;peHb, I<OeTO Bb roni:;Ma CTeneHb ce Abii>t<H Ha eAH006pa3HeTO H

eAHaKBaTa roni:;MHHa Ha ryxnHTi:;. (Ti:;HHT-1:; c;;~. Ae6enH 1·60-1 ·go M.

npH no-KbCHHTi:; nonpas1<11 Ha U,bpKBaTa c;;~. ynoTpi:;6StsaHH no-ManKH 11 rnasHo no-TbHKH TyxnH

Cb pa3HI1 pa3Mi:;;:-H, KaMbHH H napYeTa OTb CTapHTi:; roni:;MH TYXllH. rpaAe>t<bTb Ha T-1:;311 YaCTH e pa3HOI<a

YeCTBeHb. Hai1-BHHMaTeneHb H paBHOMi:;peHb e TOK Bb Hi:;KoH OTb TypcKHTi:; YaCTI1, oco6eHo no

Bli'I.Tpi:;wHaTa CTpaHa Ha ci:;sepHaTa CTi:;Ha Ha U,bpKBaTa (o6p. 4), Ai:;TO BCi:;I<H KaMblt<AY

YerHpH TyxnH ~ no xapaKTepHHSI 3a no-CTap·HTi:; TypcKI1 noCTpOHKH HaYHHb. XopocaHbTb Ha no

KbCHHTi:; npHCTpOHI<H, I<OHTO e MHOrO no-cna6b, C"bAbp>t<a 11lll1 CYyKaHI1 CbBCi:;Mb Ha CI1THO KepaM11AH,

11IIH nblt<a Hl11<alt<KH w.e np11CTJKni1Mb KbMb pa3rne»<AaHeTo Ha pa3HI1rb YaCTH Ha

U,bpKBaTa Bb ceraWHI1SI 11Mb BI1Ab.

4. BbHWHVITt crtHVI Ha UbpKsara.

np11 pa3riie>t<AaHeTO Ha BbHWHHTi:; CTi:;HI1 Ha U,bpi<BaTa w,e HMaMe rnaBHO 3a u,i:;nb Aa I<OH

CTaT11paMe, Bb3b OCHOBa Ha ynOTpi:;6eHI1SI MaTep11aJib, I<OH 4aCTI1 Cli'l. OTb nbpBOHaYallHaTa noCTpOHI<a

Ha u,bpKBaTa 11 1<011 AaT11paTb OTb no-ceTHi:;WHI1 nonpaBKI1. T-!:;311 nocni:;AHHTi:; , Cb nOMOW.bTa Ha

AaAeHI1Ti:; o6SICHeHI1SI, MoraTb necHO Aa ce pa3ni1YaTb 11 Bb ¢oT0rpa¢1111rl Ha u,bpKBaTa (Ta6n. II-VII

11 o6pa3HTi:; Bb TeKCTa). CaMo Tpi:;6sa Aa ce 11Ma npi:;Ab B11Ab, KaKTO H3TbKHaxMe no-ropi:;, Ye Bb

noBeYeTO CIIyYal1 npH nonpaBI<HTh 11MaMe pa6oTa 06HKHOBeHO Cb eAHa nO-I<bCHa 06JII1ll,0Bt<a Ha CTi:;

HHTi:;, a He Cb nbJieHb HOBb rpaAe>t<b Bb u,i:;naTa 11Mb Ae6eiii1Ha.

npi:;A11 BCH41<0 Hi:;KOJII<O AYMI1 3a n01<p11Ba (rn. Ta6n. I). CeraWHI1SITb KepaMHAeHb noKp11Bb,

I<OHTO AO MI1HaJiaTa fOA11Ha Bb no-roiii:;MaTa Cl1 YaCTb nOYTH He CJKW,eCTsysawe, AaT11pa eABa OTb

HaH-HOBO spi:;Me. noKpHBbTb HaAb AeCHI1SI CTpaHI14eHb !<Opa6b, Bb I<OHTO ce noMi:;w,aBa MOAepHaTa

U,bp!<BI1U,a, e npaBeHb np11 HeKHaTa noCTpOHI<a npi:;3b 1900 fOA. (;;~.w,o H nOKp11BbTb HaAb AeCHOTO

!<pHilO Ha Hanpi:;4HI1SI !<Opa6b e 611IIb nonpaBSIHb no TOBa Bpi:;Me. lJ,i:;JII1SITb OCTaHaJib nOKp11Bb Ha

U,bpKBaTa ce HanpaBH HaHOBO OTb CTpaHa Ha HapOAH11SI My3ei1 npi:;3b MI1HanaTa 1911 roA. 3a Ta311

u,i:;Jib 6-l:;xa ynoTpi:;6eHI1 KpHBH KepaM11A11 OTb CTap11S1 Tl1nb, Cb Kai<BI1TO U,bp!<BaTa e 611Jia noKp11Ta 11

npi:;3b TypcKo spi:;Me 11 KOI1TO npHIII14aTb TBbpAi:; MHoro Ha CTap11Ti:; Bl13aHTHHCI<I1 KepaM11A11, KaTo

ce OTJIH4aBaTb OTb Ti:;Xb CaMO Cb no-MaJIKI1Ti:; Cl1 pa3Mi:;p11. KynOIIbTb e noKpHTb OTBbHb Cb U,I1MeHTb

c;;~.w.o eABa npi:;AI1 AeceTI1Ha rOAI1H11, cni:;Ab KaTo ce MaxHa OTb TYKb AbpBeHaTa Kyna, KOSITO cny»<ewe

Ha no>t<apH11Kap11Ti:; Aa Ha6IIIOAaBaTb 3a OrbHb Bb rpaAa.

Vf3T04Hf\Tf\ CToHF\ (Ta6n. IV). KaKTO seye cnoMeHaxMe no-ropi:; (CTp. 11), u,i:;nara ano1Aa

e Cb6opeHa Cb 1131<JII04eHI1e Ha HaH-AOIIHSITa H YaCTb, Ha BI1C0411Ha OI<OIIO 80 CM. HaAb KaMeHHI1SI U,OI<biib

Ha U,bpKBaTa. Ha Bli'I.Tpi:;wHaTa CTpaHa ABi:; OTb spi:;3BaHI1SITa Bb CTi:;HI1Ti:; Ha anCI1AaTa Cli'l. 3anbiiHeHI1 .

cb Typct<H 311Ab, rpaAeHb He6pi:;»<HO OTb KaMbHI1, noCTaBSIHH Me»<AY YeT11p11 Tyxnl1 (rn. o6p. 5 npH a). Tosa

Hi:;w,o noKa3sa, Ye anC11AaTa, npi:;A11 Cb6apS1HeTo c11 , e 611na 113non3yBaHa ow.e 11 Bb TypcKo spi:;Me.

0TBOpbTb Ha TPHYM¢anHaTa apt<a (cpi:;w.y anC11AaTa) e 3anbiiHeHb cera Cb eAHa CbBCi:;Mb

cna6o rpaAeHa Typct<a CTi:;Ha, Ae6ena 1·50 M., noCTaBeHa 6e3b ocHOBI1 Henocpi:;ACTBeHo Bbpxy Hac11na.

f\1<0 Ta311 CTi:;Ha, Bbnp-1:;1<11 III1nCaTa Ha cpyHAaMeHTH, e MOrna Aa YCT011 AOCera, TOBa ce Abii>t<l1

Bb roni:;Ma CTeneHb Ha o6cTOSITencTBOTO, Ye TSI e A06pi:; cTi:;rHaTa OTb COIII1AHO noCTpoeHaTa TPI1YM-

1) C"'UlHSITb xopocaHb, Koiiro e xapaKrepeHb 3a BH -

3aHTHMCI<HTt nocrpOMI<H (rn . UHTHpaHaTa Bb no-ropHSITa

6t.nt.m1<a nHrepaTypa), HaMHpaMe H Bb XHcapc!<ara !<pt.

nocrb (ct> H n 0 B b, UHT. M. CTp. 113).

Yf3TOYHaTa CTtHa Ha UbpKBcTa 15

¢anHa apKa. Cr5HaTa e HanpaseHa Bb AOJJH51Ta c11 YaCTb OTb pt.4HI1 KaMbH11, a Bb ropH51Ta - n04TI1

113KJJJC411TeJJHO OTb TYXJJI1. Bb CrBHaTa Ci'K snomeHI1 Hanpt.4HI1 ,nbpseTa; xopocaHbTb e 6e3b Kepa

M11A11. no cpt.,naTa e,ni1Hb nl1nacTbpb, rpa,neHb no Ci'Kll.ll151 Ha411Hb, Koi1To cT11ra caMo Ha nonosi1-

HaTa BI1C0411Ha, CJJY}f{l1 3a no.nnopKa Ha crt.HaTa. ropH11rB 4emp11 npo3opeu.a Ci'K Cb OCTp11 TYPCKI1

cso.nose, a AOJlH11Tt. .nsa Ci'K 4eTBbpT11TI1 Cb KaMeHHI1 paMKI1 HaOKOJlO. no TPI1YM¢anHaTa apKa, OTb

BbHWHa crpaHa, ce 3a6t.nt.3saTb cna611 cnt..n11 OTb ¢pecKI1.

4eTsbpT11TaTa nocrpoHKa, K051T0 o6rpam.na Kynona. e Ci'Kll.IO Bb no·ront.MaTa c11 YaCTb TypcKa,

rpa,neHa caMo OTb TYXll11 . .ll,an11 TYPCKI151Tb nnacTb e caMo Ha nospbXHOCTbTa, 11Jll1 npOHI1KBa .no caMI151

Kynonb, He Mome .na ce KOHCTaT11pa.

06p. 5. - Ll.erafinb OTb ancHnara Ha UbpKsara.

HaH-ropH51Ta YaCTb Ha crt.HaTa Bb nt.so OTb anc11,naTa (o6p. 6) e Ci'Kll.IO TypcKa. 06aYe .nsaTa

Kpi'Krlll1 npo3opeu.a 11 CBOAbTb Ha npo,nbnrosaTOTO npo3opye Mem.ny rBXb, 3anyweHo oTnocni;, Ci'K

cTap11 . .ll,saTa np03opeu.a no cpt.,naTa Ci'K CKi'KCeH11 Ha BI1C0411Ha Cb xy6asb npas11neHb rpa.nemb OTb

ront.MI1 Tyxnvt, st.po51THO npt..n11 TypcKaTa pecraspaUI151. TypcK11 e 11 HaH-AOJJHI151Tb npo3opeu.b Cb Ka

MeHHaTa paMKa HaoKono 3ae,nHo Cb Cbct..nHoTo noAKbpnsaHe. Bb nt.so OTb T0311 npo3opeu.b, TbKMO

nOAb BbHWHI151 i'Krbllb Ha nbpB1151 crapb npo3opeu.b, ce 3a6t.nt.Jsa spt.3saHe Bb crap1151 311Ab Ha

U.bpKsaTa, w11p0Ko OKOJJO 60 eM. Tosa spt.3BaHe np0113Xom.na OTb 311,na Ha e,nHa TypcKa np11CTpOHKa,

41111TO OCHOBJ.1 ce HaM"Bp11xa np:.-t pa3KOnKI1Tt. (rn. nnaHa Ha Ta6n. IX np11 R ). T51 e 611na rpa,neHa OTb

KaMbHI1, nocraseHI1 Me>~<.ny Yen-1p11 Tyxnl1.

16 CerawHOTO CbCTO~HHe Ha UbpKBaTa

CnHaTa Bb ,o,ecHo OTb ano1,o,aTa (rn. Ta6n. IV) e Typct<a Bb u,-EnaTa CH ropHSI YaCTb. Hal1-ropHHSITb

npo3opeu,b e CTapb Bb OCHOBaTa Cl-1, o6a4e CBOAbTb MY e TYPCKI-1. n-EBHSITb OTb ,o,BaTa np030peu,a no

cp-E,o,aTa e CT"ECHeHb Bb Typct<o sp-EMe, t<aTo MY e np1-16aseHb H xapat<TepHHSI Ja TOBa sp-EMe Jao

CTpeHb cso,o,b. (bc-E,o,HI-1SITb Cb Hero npo3opeu,b e JanaJHnb nbpBoHaYanHaTa CH cj:>opMa, o6a4e e

C6p. 6. - lleTaHnb OTb H3TOYHaTa cTtHa Ha UbpKBaTa .

Ct<~CeHb Ha BHC04HH :1 Cb npaBHnHa 31-!,0,apHS! OTb ron"EMH TyXnl-1, B'EpOSITHO np-E,o,H Typct<aTa peCTa

BpaU,HSI. Hal1-,o,onHHS!Tb npo3opeu,b e c~~o Typct<H H e HManb nbpBOHaYanHO t<aMeHHa paMt<a, KaKTO

ocTaHanHT-E ne>+<a~H Bb c~~HSI pe,o,b npo3opu,H Ha Ta3H cTpaHa.

F

Ct.sepHara crt.Ha Ha UbpKsara 17

CoBEPHF\TF\ CToHF\ (Ta6n. V 11 VI 11 o6p. 3, 7 11 8). Pa3ni1'-IHO GK 3ana3eHI1 TYKb crlHaTa Ha

Hanp-B'-1HI151 KOpa6b 11 Ta311 Ha CTpaHI1'-IHI151KOpa6b Ha ll,bpKBaTa. nbpBaTa (o6p. 7) np11Ha)J,nemi1KbMb HaH-

06p. 7. - .UeraHnb OTb ct.sepHara crt.Ha Ha UbpKsara.

)J,06pt, 3ana3eHI1T-B '-!aCTI1 Ha LJ,t.naTa noCTpoi1Ka. 1) CaMo '-!aCTb OTb He51, Bb )],eCHO, e noKp11Ta OTBbHb

1) Heo6~CHHMO e Ha npbBb nornenb, KaKb KaHHllb,

Koiho e 6Hnb ronK03b BHHMareneHb Ha6ntonarenb, e MO

manb na ce 3a6nynH no raKasa creneHb, Ye na CYHTa ut.

nara I-13T04Ha YaCTb Ha UbpKBaTa (Hanpt.YHH~Tb KOpa6b

3aenHo Cb Kynona) 3a rypcKa (Donau-Bulgarien und der

Balkan, 2 H3n. II 212). Toi1 e 6Hnb BbseneHb Bb 3a6nym-

Ca. Co<jmo

neHHe KaKTO H3rnemna OTb o6CTO~TenCTBOTO, Ye Ta3H YaCTb

Ha UbpKsara e Hai1-no6pt. 3ana3eHa, a ocst.Hb rosa TSI e

61-1na Bb Heroso spt.Me st.po~THO H3Ma3aHa owe nocra no-

6pt. Cb sapb OTBbHb, nopan11 Koero He e Morno na ce

Ha6ntonasa no6pt, pa3nHKara £b crpoHTen+fH~ MarepHanb

11 HaYHHbTb Ha rpanema ..

3

I'

,• !

I i

-

18 CerawHoro CbCTOilHHe Ha UbpKsara

Cb e,ll,HHb nnacTb OTb TypcKa o6nmJ,OBI<a, Ae6enb 30-50 CM. To3H nnaCTb e pa3KbpTeHb cera Ha

caMH51 3ana,ll,eHb .i'il.fbnb, scn-EACTBHe Ha I<OeTo MHoro A06pi; ce BHH<Aa, I<aKb TOH npHn-Ensa AO

HepaBHaTa CTapa nnOCKOCTb Ha CrlHaTa. Hanp-E4HH51Tb I<Opa6b HMa Ha Ta3H CTpaHa WeCTb np030-

peu,a, pa3nono}!{eHH no TPH Bb ,ll,Ba pe,ll,a. Ti; C.i'il. 3ana3HnH BCH'-Il<H CTapaTa CH ¢opMa, o6a4e ABaTa

06p. 8. - ileTaHJJb OTb ct.sepHaTa CTt.Ha Ha Ubp!<BaTa.

I<paHHH npo3opeu,a Bb ropHH51 pe,ll,b C.i'il. 3anyweHH u,-EnH Cb npaBHnHa 3H,ll,apH51 OTb ron-EMH ryxnH,

l<051TO H-EMa TYPCKH xapai<Tepb. )J,saTa I<pai::tHH npo3opeu,a Bb ,ll,OnHH51 pe,ll,b C.i'il. 3anyweHH caMo

OT4aCTH Cb C.¥;W,aTa 3H,ll,apH51, 3a ,l],a Ce nOCTaB51Tb Ha C.¥;W,OTO Hl•f.BO Cb cpt.,ll,HI-151 np030peU,b, I<Oi:ho

Ct sep't!OTO crpaHH4HO oTnt.neHHe Ha npt.nnsepHeTo 19

nbpBOHa4anHO, nopa,o,11 Haxo,o,sm.J,ara ce no,o,b Hero spara, e 611nb ManKo nO-HI1CbKb. Bparara no,o,b

T0311 npo3opeu.b e 3anyweHa u.-Ena Cb c;v;.w,ara 311,o,ap11S!.

Cbsci>Mb Bb ,o,pyro CbCTOS!HI1e ce HaM11pa c-EsepHara cTi>Ha Ha CTpaHI14HI1S! KOpa6b (o6p. 3). TyKb

OTb nbpsoHa4anHara cTi>Ha Ha noCTpoi1Kara He nl1411 OTBbHb no4TI1 HI1W,O. Cera TS! 11Ma HanbnHO

rypc1<11 xapaKrepb, rpa,o,eHa e CbBCi>Mb He6pi>>+<HO 11 cna6o OTb pa3Hoo6pa3eHb Marep11anb - Ka

MbHI1, ryxn11 OTb pa3Ha roni>MI1Ha, nap4era OTb CTpoweHI1 ryxn11 11 KepaM11AI1 - Karo np11 rosa C.¥;.

ynorp-E6eHI1 Bb rpane>+<a 11 xapaKrepHHTi> 3a rypcKI1S! CTpoe>+4HI1 11 Ha,D,Jlb>+<HI1 rpe,o,11, KOI1TO

C.¥;. OW,e OT4aCTI1 ,0,06pi> 3ana3eHI1. vf3o6w,o no BCI141<0 Jll-1411, Ye Ta311 CTi>Ha e npi>rbpni>na

MHoroKparHI1 11 ro BI1Ham He6pi>>+<HI1 nonpas1<11. KaKro 113TbKHaxMe o6aye no-rop-E (CTp. 12), BCI141<11

06p. 9. - Ct.sepHOTo CTpaHH4HO omt.neHHe Ha npt.nnsepHeTo.

Ti>311 npoMi>HI1 C.¥;. 3aCi>rHaJ111 CaMO nOBpbXHOCTbTa Ha CTi>HaTa, 411S!TO S!,D,Ka Bb CN;.W,HOCTb e CTapa.

Me>+<ny pa3sani1HI1Ti> Ha rypc1<11r-E np-Enpas1<11 ryKb S!CHO nl1411 11 cera ow,e apKara Ha e,o,I1Hb crapb

cso,o,eCTb npo3opeu.b, 113ry6eHb CbBbpweHo Bb rypcKara 311,o,ap11S!. Cera Ha ra311 cri>Ha ce HaM11paTb

CaMO ,D,Ba rypC1<11 4eTBbpT11TI1 np030pL1,11 Cb KaMeHeHb 6op,o,!Opb nO !<paS!, Kai<BI1TO HaMi>p11XMe 11 Ha

113T04Hara cri>Ha.

Bb Hai1-3ana,o,Hara 4aCTb Ha cri>Hara (o6p. 8) ce 3a6-Eni>3Ba cso,o,ecra spara, 3a311,0,aHa Cb rypcKa

311,o,ap11S! OTb KaMbHI1 11 ryxn11. Ta311 spara e so,o,-Ena OTb npi>,D,D,sep11ero Bb c-EsepHoro crpaHI14HO

OT,o,i>neHI1e, I<OeTO Cera e CbBbpWeHO Cb60peHO 4al+<e 11 6nOKO

BeTh OTb KaMeHHI1S! MY LJ,OI<bJlb Cb V13l<J1104eHvte Ha OHi>311 CaMO nap4eTa, 1<011TO On11paTb Henocpi>,o,

CTBeHO no U.bpKOBHara cri>Ha. Cb noMow,bra Ha HanpaseHvtr-E ryKb pa3KOnKI1 MO>+<a ,o,a ce ycraHOBI1

TOYHara cpopMa Ha rosa or,o,-EneHI1e (rn. nnaHa Ha ra6n. IX vt o6p. 9). To e 11Mano ,o,s-E anc11,0,11,

e,o,Hara Ha 113TOKb, ,o,pyrara Ha 3ana,o,b, 11 e 611no ,o,ocrN-nHo caMo orb npi>,D,D,sepvtero Ha U.bpKBara.

,lJ,bn>+<vtHara My, 3ae,o,Ho Cb anc11,o,11rl, e 9"60 M., a w11p04vtHara - 4·30 M. Lfe rosa or,o,-EneHI1e e

CbCTaBS!nO Hal1cmHa 4aCTb OTb nbpsoHaYanHara nocrpoi11<a Ha U.bpKsara, ce Bl1>+<,o,a OTb o6croS!ren-

3*

20 CerawHoro CbCTOSIHHe Ha UbpKBaTa

CTBOTO, ,[J,i;TO 6JlOKOBeri; Ha KaMeHHVI51 MY U,OKbJlb Ce B,[l,aBaTb Bb KaMeHHI-151 U,OKbJlb Ha CaMara

ubpKsa, a He CJK caMo AOn"tneHVI AO T03VI nocn"tAHVI51.

HaAb noKpVIBa !-'a crpaHV14HVI51 Kopa6b, Bb H3AHrHarara no-BHCOKO cr"tHa Ha rnaBHI-151

KOpa6b Ha U,bpKBaTa, ce HaMVIpaTb np030pU,V1Ti;, KOVITO OCB"tTJ151BaTb Henocpi;ACTBeHO T031-1 nOC!l"tAHVI51.

04epraHVI51Ta Ha crap1-1r"t npo3opu,V1, KCVITO CJK 6HnH Ha 6po.:i wecrb, ce 3a6-tn"t3sarb ow,e MHoro

A06pi;, Tbi1 KaTO rypcKaTa 06JlVIU,OBKa, K051TO 6e3b CbMH"tHI-!e H Bb Ta31-! 4aCTb Ha U,bpKBaTa e 61-!Jla

TaKa BHHMaTenHa , KaKTO H Apyra,[J,i; , cera Bb no-ron-tMara CVI 4aCTb e H3na,[l,ana. ,IJ,saTa Kpai1HH

npo3opu,V1 CJK 3anyweHVI CbBbpweHo Bb nO-Kb":HO sp"tMe. OcTaHanHrl YerVIpl-1 CJK 61-!nH caMo

CTICHeHH, KaTO npH TOBa crapHTi; KplKrJll-1 apKI-1 CJK 3aM"tHeHH Cb rypCKI-1 3aOCTpeHI-I .

Ta3H Yacrb OTb cr"tHara, K051TO ce HaMHpa Henocp"tACTBeHo nOAb noKpHsa H K051TO noKa3sa

TBbpAi; npasHneHb rpaAemb OTb Ae6enVI ryxnH , e .npaseHa e,[l,Ba Bb Ha4anoro Ha MVIHanara rOAHHa ,

3a ,[!,a MOrarb Aa ce cnomarb KepaMHAHT"t Ha noKpHBa, TbH Karo cr"tHara Ha rosa M-tcro 6-twe

CbBC"tMb pa3pyweHa.

IO>t<HATA CToHA (ra6n . II VI Ill VI o6p. 1). 3a ra3H cr"tHa HMa Aa ce Kame n04TH CIKW,OTO,

KOeTo Ka3axMe seye 3a c-tsepHara. Cr"tHara Ha Hanp"t4HH51 Kopa6b e 3ana3eHa cJKw,o TaKa A06pi;, o6a4e

rypcKHT-t nonpaBKVI CJK n0-3Ha4VITeJlHVI, OCOOHO Bb ropH51Ta H 4aCTb. npo30pU,!-1T"t CJK np"trbpn"tm-1

CJKW,HTi; npoM"tHH, KaKTO H Ha ci;sepHaTa CTpaHa, T. e. KpaHHHTi; Bb ropHH51 pe,[!,b CJK 3anyWeHH

u,i;mt, a T"t3VI Bb ,[1,0JlHH51 CJK CaMO CHVIWeHVI, 3a ,[J,:l ,[l,OH,[l,aTb Ha CJKW,OTO HHBO Cb cpi;,[!,HH51 npo3opeu,b.

Crapara cso,[l,ecra spara, K051TO ce e HaMHpana no cp"tAara Ha cr-tHaTa H 4VIHTO 04epraHH51 51CHO nH4aTb,

e 6VIna u,i;na 3anyweHa. Ha Hei1Ho M"tCTO, o6a4e MHoro nO-BVICOKO, e 6Hna orsopeHa omocni; rypcKa

4eTBbpTHTa BpaTa Cb KaMeHeHb OOp,[!,!Opb, np"tAb K051TO cera e nOCTpOeHa MO,[!,epHaTa AbpBeHa

CTbn6a . 0TBap51HeTO Ha Ta3H BpaTa Tpi;6sa Aa e CTaHaJlO MHOro KbCHO, KOraTO OKOJlHOTO HHBO ce e

6Hno se4e TO!lK03b H3AHrHano, 4e e Morno Aa ce B!lH3a np"t3b He51 Hanpaso OTBbHb, 6e3b CTbn6a. 1)

CT-tHara Ha crpaHVI4HH51 Kopa6b e CbBbpweHo VI3M"tHeHa npH npaseHero Ha MOAepHaTa

u,bpKBHua np"t3b 1900 r. KaKb e H3rnem,[l,ana Ta3H cT"tHa no-paHo, ce BHmAa OTb e,[l,Ha no-cTapa

¢ororpaqm51 (Ta6n. Ill). ,lJ,oKonKoro Mome Aa ce C~AH no Ta3H ¢oTorpa¢H51, CT"tHaTa ce e HaMHpana

Bb CJKW,OTO nonomeHHe, KaKTO CbOTB"tTCTByBaW,aTa H 4aCTb Ha ci;sepHaTa CTpaHa Ha UbpKBaTa.

rpa,[!,e}f{bTb OTBbHb HOCH BCeu,-tno TYPCKH xapaKTepb Cb MHOro6poi1HH nonpaBKH. Bb cr"tHaTa CJK

6HJlH OTBOpeHH naKb ,[l,Ba 4eTBbpTHTH np030pU,11 Cb KaMeHHH 60pA10pH, H TO T04HO Ha CJKW,OTO M"tCTO,

Ha Koero cera ce HaMVIpaTb ABaTa ron"tMH npo3opeu,a Ha MOAepHaTa u,bpKBHu,a. Br. ,[!,eCHO OTb npo3op

U,HT"t ce e HaMHpana BHCOKa spaTa, K051TO e OCTaBeHa H Bb MOAepHaTa U,bpKBHU,a n04TH 6e3b H3M"t

HeHHe. nparoTb Ha Ta3H Bpara Jle}f{VI Cb 90 CM. nO-HHCKO OTb npara Ha BpaTaTa, OTBOpeHa Bb CT"tHaTa Ha

Hanp"t4HH51 Kopa6b. Cn"tAOBaTenHo nbpBaTa e no-crapa, npaseHa npH no-HHCKO HHBO Ha OKOJlHH51

repeHb. 3acnymasa BHVIMaHVIe xy6asaTa apxHTeKTOHH4Ha ¢op:v~a Ha Ta3H spaTa, o6rpaAeHa Cb Ka

MeHeHb npo¢1-1nysaHb 6opAtOpb, KOHTO e 3ana3eHb 6e3b H3M"tHeHHe.

Ha M"tCToTo, A"tTo cera ce HaMHpa np"tMBepVIeTo Ha MOAepHaTa u,bpKBHu,a, e CT051no no

paHo TypcKOTO MHHape, Cbrpa,[!,eHO Bb HaH-,[1,0JlH51Ta CH 4aCTb OTb xy6ae11 ,[J,i;JlaHH KaMbHH. nbpBO

Ha4aJlHO Ha TOBa M"tCTO Ce e HaMHpano IQ}f{HOTO CTpaHH4HO OT,[J,i;JleHVIe Ha npi;,[l,IJ,sepHeTO, CHMeTpH4HO

Cb onHcaHOTO no-ropi; (cTp. 19) Ha ci;sepHaTa crpaHa. OcHOBHr"t 11a rosa OTA"tneHHe JlVI4aTb OTYacrH

Ha nospbXHOCTbTa Ha 3eM51Ta. 0Tb 3ana3eHHT-t cn"tAH ce BVI>H,[J,a, 4e HeroBaTa ¢opMa H pa3,M"tpH CJK

6HnH CJKW.Hrl, KaKTO np~-1 c-tsepHOTO OTA"tneHHe.

npo30pU,HTi; B'b nO-BHCOKaTa CTi;Ha Ha rnaBHVI51 KOpa6b, Hc,[l,b noKpHBa Ha CTpaHH4HH51, GK

npi;Tbpn"tnH CJKW,HTi; H3M"tHeHH51, KaKTO Ha ci;sepHaTa CTpaHa: Kpai1HHTi; ,[l,Ba CJK 6HJlH 3anyweHI-!,

a OCTaHaJlHTi; 4eTV1pH CJK 6HJlH CT"tCHeHH H CJK nony4HJlH rypCKVI 3aOCTpeHH CBO,[l,OBe.

1) HHsoro oKono Cs. CoqmSI no np"\;nH ocso6oH<ne·

HHeTO e 6HJIO MHOfO no· BHCOKO. To e CHHWeHO 3H3'lH·

renHo, Cb noseye OTb 1·~0 M., npH MonepHHrt peryna·

UHOHHH pa60TH Bb rpana .

IO»mara H 3ananHara c1t.HH ~ea ucpKsara 21

3f\nf\,1J,Hf\Tf\ CToHf\ (cpaca.r:~aTa, Ta6n. VII). Ha~-MHoro e nocTpa.r:~ana cpaca.r:~aTa Ha u,bp

I<BaTa. no'-ln1 u,-6naTa ~ n-6sa nonOBV!Ha, 3ae,[IH0 Cb AOnvtpall.l,aTa ce '-!aCTb OTb CBO,[\a, e Cb60peHa.

E.o.Ho nap'-le OTb cso.r:~a neH<vt VI cera Bb np-BMsepvteTo Ha u,bpKBaTa.

ron-BMaTa spaTa Bb cp-B.r:~aTa Ha cpaca,[laTa, Cb KaMeHeHb 6opA10pb no !<past, e TypcKa. CTa

paTa BpaTa, '-IVIVITO 0'-lepTaHVISI Oll.l,e nvt'-laTb Bb CThHaTa, Ce e HaMvtpana Ha C-'Kll.I,OTO M-6CTO, o6a'-le

6vtna e MHoro no-ron-6Ma vt e 3aBbpwsaJJa orrop-6 Cb KpiYZrbnb CBOAb, OT'-IaCTH 3ana3eHb. CT-BHaTa

HaOKOnO HOCVI Cn-6Avt OTb MHOro6po~HVI np-6npaBKVI, KOVITO, nopaA11 pa3nl1'-111eTO Ha MaTep11ana, Tp-66sa

.r:~a AaT11paTb OTb pa3HI1 sp-BMeHa. Pa3n03Hasa ce stCHO, '-le, np-B.r:111 .r:~a 6iYZAe HanpaseHa cerawHaTa

TypcKa spaTa, CTapaTa spaTa e 6vtna nonpasstHa 11 HaManeHa noHe Oll.l,e se.r:~HaH<b VI TO Cb TyxneHb

TBbpA-5 coni1AeHb rpaAeH<b. CT-5HaTa Henocp-BACTBeHo HaAb J<aMeHHHSI 6opAtOpb Ha cerawHaTa spaTa

e rpa,[leHa HanpOTVIBb TBbpA-6 He6p-5H<HO OTb KaMbHVI, Tyxnvt 11 AbpBeTa, H-5KOVI OTb K011TO Oll.l,e Ci'i'Z

3ana3eHI1, a 11MeHHO Ha BiYZTp-6wHaTa CTpaHa.

06p. 10. - Llerai1nb orb 3ananHara crt.Ha Ha UbpKsara.

Bb .r:~ecHo OTb spaTaTa nl-1'-laTb 0'-1epTaHI1stTa Ha .r:~sa cTap11 npo3opeu,a, 3a311AaHI1 u.-Bn11 Cb

npas11neHb TyxneHb rpa.r:~eH<b. Oll.l,e n6 Bb .r:~ecHo ce HaM11pa e.r:~Ha no·ManKa spaTa, 3a3vtAaHa Cb

Tyxnvt VI KaMbHVI, Ha '-111eTO M-5CTO e HanpaseHb cera e,[II1Hb np030peu,b. no cp-J:;AaTa Ha cpaCa,[laTa,

HaAb rnasHaTa spaTa, ce HaMHpaTb Tpvt cso.r:~eoH npo3opeu,a, OTb KOHTO caMo .r:~sa Ci'i'Z 3ana3eHvt u,-Bn11.

T-5 Ci'i'Z 3Ha'-111TenHo yManeHvt 4p"53b con11.r:1eHb TYPCKI1 rpa.r:~e>~<b, KaTo HMb Ci'i'Z npvt6aseHI1 npccpvtnysaHI1

3aOCTpeH11 CBO,[\OBe. ManKOTO KpiYZrnO np030p'-1e Bb IJ,eCHO e Ci'i'Zll.I,O CTapo, o6a'-!e Bb nO-HOBO sp-5Me e

61-1n0 OT'-!aCTI1 nonpaBSIHO, 6e3b ,[\a MOH<e ,[Ia Ce ycTaHOBI1 TO'-IHO, AO KiYZ,[I-5 e OTV!Bana nonpaBKBTa.

(BOAbTb Ha rnaBHHst KOpa6b, KaTo on11pa AO cpaca.r:~aTa, npop-53sa He~HdTa cT-BHa TaKa, '-le

vt3nvt3a 11 Ha n11u,eTo ~ Bb BHAb Ha nonyKpiYZrna apKa, KOstTO 11 cera nvt'-111 .r:~o6p-5. Henocp-BncTBeHo

nOAb Hest ce HaMvtpaTb Bb eAHHb peAb Oll.l,e Tp11 no-ManKI1 npo3opeu,a, OTb KOI1TO Ci'i'Z 3ana3eHvt

u,-Gnvt Ci'i'Zll.I,O caMo .r:~sa. Kpa~HvtstTb, KO~To vtMa HenpasvtnHa cpopMa, e 3a3HAaHb u,-Bnb, a cp-BAHVIS!Tb e

CaMO yManeHb VI CHa6.[1eHb Cb TypcKa 3aOCTpeHa apKa, Ci'i'Zll.I,O KaKTO npvt np030pU,HT-5 Ha nO-,[IOnHVISI pe.[lb.

' !

' I

:J ~

I ' ' '

22 CerawHoTo CbCTOSIHHe Ha UbpHsaTa

no u;EJIOTO ni-HJ,e Ha cpaea)J,aTa ee 3a6-l;nE3BaTb MHOr06pOHHI1 nonpaBKI1, HanpaBeHI1 nOYTH

113Kn!OYI1Te!1HO OTb TYXJ111, o6aye T"E311 noen-E)J,H11T-E He e;r;. HdBe-EKJK)J,-i; e)J,HaKBI1 - H-i;w,o, KOeTO no

Ka3Ba, Ye nonpaBKI1n )J,aT11paTb OTb pa3HI1 Bp-EMeHa. np116!111311Te!1HO Ha nOJ10BI1HaTa Bl1eOYI1Ha Ha

cpaea)J,aTa, Me>HAY BpaTaTa 11 ne>HilW,11T-E Ha)J,b HeSI np030pL.1,11, ee HaM11paTb H"EKOJIKO ron-EM11 YeTBbp

T11TI1 AYnKI1, Bb KOI1TO e;r;. 611n11 noeTaseHI1, nepneHA11KY!1S!pHO KbMb eT-EHaTa, Ae6en11 rpe)J,I1. T-E e;r;.

noAn11panl1 AbpBeH11SI noKp11Bb, KOHTO no·paHo ee e HaM11panb np-EAb cpaeaAaTa Ha u,bpKBaTa. Bb

e)J,Ha cpOTOrpacp11S1, eHeTa np-EA11 )J,eeeTI1Ha rOA11HI1 11 penpOAYL.1,11paHa Bb noen-E)J,HS!Ta rnasa, H"EKOI1 OTb

)J,bpBeTaTa Ha nOKp11Ba ee BI1>H)J,aTb OW,e Ha M-EeTOTO e11.

0eHOB11T-E Ha n-EsaTa eb6opeHa nonos11Ha OTb cpaea)J,aTa ee pa3Kp11xa np11 pa3KOnKI1n

(o6p. 10 ). CT-EHaTa e 3ana3eHa TYKb Ha Bl1eOYI1Ha oKono 2 M. Bb HeSI ee pa3n03Hasa ow,e SleHo

M-EeTOTO Ha CTpaHI1YHaTa spaTa, 3anyweHa 6b AOJJHS!Ta e11 YaeTb eb rpy6b TypeKI1 KaMeHeHb rpa

Ae>Hb, eJKW,O KaKTO np11 ebOTB"ETHaTa eTpaHI1YHa BpaTa Bb )J,eeHO.

noAp06HaTa aHaJ1113a, KOSITO HanpaBI1XMe Ha BbHWH11T-E CT"EHI1 Ha L.l,bpKBaTa, Hl1 n03BOJ1S!Ba

BeYe )J,a yCTaHOBI1Mb rnaBH11T-E CTp011TeJ1HI11

nep110AI1, KOI1TO e;r;. HaJ10}f{I1Jll1 eBOSI Oeo6eHb OTne

YaTbKb Ha noCTpo?IKaTa. Bb HaWI1SI enyya?l T"E311 nep110A11 ee xapaKTep11311paTb rnaBHO OTb eAHa

CTpaHa eb pa3HI1SI MaTep11aJ1b, ynoTp-E6S!BaHb Bb rpa)J,e>Ha, a OTb Apyra - Cb pa3HI1SI HaYI1Hb, no

KOHTO e;r;. 6)1!111 TpeT11paH11 npo3opu,11T-E. ETO 3aw,o T"E311 ABa np113HaKa w,e Hl1 eny»<aTb 3a p;r;.Ko

BOAHa H11WKa np11 Onp-EA"E!lS!He Ha 113M"EHeHI1S!Ta, KOI1TO se"EKI1 nep110)J,b e BHeeb!lb Bb rpa)J,e>Ha

Ha L.l,bpKBaTa.

nbpB11SITb CTp011TeJ1eHb nep110)J,b OTrOBapS!, pa3611pa ee, Ha nbpBOHaYa!lHaTa nOCTpOHKa Ha

L.l,bpKBaTa. f<OJJKOTO TSI Bb TeYeHI1e Ha Bp-EMeTO 11 )J,a e 611na 113M"EHS!Ha, see naKb 3ana3eHO e

OTb HeSI )J,OeTaTbYHO, 3a )J,a MO>HeMb )J,a Sl peKOHeTpy11paMe Bb Bei1YK11T-E H YaeTI1. (b T0311 BbnpOeb

o6aYe Lu,e ee 3aHI1MaeMb no-nOApo6Ho, nopaA11 HerosaTa sa>HHOeTb, Bb en-EAHS!Ta rnasa. TyKb w,e

Ka>HeMb eaMO H"EKO!lKO AYMI1 3a OCTaHaJ111n eTp011TeJ1HI1 nep110)J,I1, 11 TO AO TOJIKOBa, KOJIKOTO e

He06XO)J,I1MO, 3a )J,a ee pa36epe nO-iJ,06p-l; eeraWHOTO ebeT051HI1e Ha B.iKTp"EWHOeTbTa Ha L.l,bpKBaTa.

8TOp11S!Tb CTp011TeneHb nep110)J,b ee xapaKTep11311pa eb TOBa, Ye H"EK011 OTb np030pL.1,11n e;r;.

611!111 yManeHI1 Ha Bl1eOYI1Ha, a Apyrl1 err<. 611!111 ebBbpWeHO 3anyweHI1, 6e3b )J,a eP. 113M"EHSI Hl1

Ha?I-ManKO T-ExHaTa nbpBOHaYanHa cpopMa. YnoTp-E6eHI1 e;r;. 611n11 KaTO CTp011TeneHb MaTep11a!lb

naKb ron-EM11 Tyxnl1, KOI1TO noYTI1 He ee pa3ni1YaBaTb OTb no-CTap11T-E. 06aYe xopoeaHbTb ebAbp>Ha

KepaMI1)J,11 CTpOWeHI1 Ha nO-)J,pe6HI1 napYeTa 11 OeB"EHb TOBa TOH He e enaraHb Bb TOJ1K03b Ae6eJ111

nnaeTOBe, KaKTO np11 nbpBOHaYaJ1HI1SI rpa)J,e>Hb Ha L.l,bpKBaTa. Vl3o6w,o B3eTO, L.l,bpKBaTa He W,e )J,a e

np-ETbpn-Ena np-E3b T0311 nep110Ab H-EKat<BI1 3HaYI1TenHI1 113M1;HeHI1SI. H-EKOI1 no-Ma!1KI1 nonpaBKI1 w,e

)J,a err<. 611!111 MO>He 611 113BbpWeHI1, HO T-E AHeeb He MOraTb BeYe )J,a ee KOHeTaT11paTb eb nOJ10}f{I1-

TeJ1HOeTb. C11rypHo e ow,e, ye T0311 nep110Ab e np-EAwensysanb TypeKOTO snaA11YeCTso 11 o6pbw,a

HeTo Ha u,·bpKBaTa Bb )J,>HaMI1SI, TbH KaTO Bb OH"E311 nonpaBKI1, K011TO MOraTb )J,a ee np11n11WaT b He My,

He ee ep-Ew,aTb HI1KaKBI1 TypeKI1 eneMeHTI1. Cn-EA11 OTb T0311 nep110Ab HaM11paMe rnaBHO Bb Ha

np1;YHI1SI KOpa6b, YI111TO np030pL.1,11 err<. )1,0611!111 TOra3b Bb no-ron-i;MaTa e11 YaeTb eeraWHI1SI e11 BI1)J,b.

TpeTI1SITb CTp011TeneHb nep110Ab e seYe TypeKI1. To?! ee OTJ111Yasa eb 113BbHpeAHO eoni1)J,eHb

11 npas11neHb rpaAe»HAY YeT11p11 Tyxnl1, 11!111 nbKb eaMo OTb Tyxn11.

np030pL.1,11n e;r;. 611!111 yMaJ1eHI1 OW,e noseYe, KaTO e;r;. 611!111 eHa6)J,eHI1 eb Kpaei1BO 113pa6oTeHI1

3aOCTpeHI1 CBO)J,OBe. npo30pL.1,11T-E Bb ropHS!Ta YaeTb Ha cpaea)J,aTa, KaKTO 11 Bei1YKI1 MaJ1KI1 np030pYeTa

Ha rnaBHI1SI Kopa6b, err<. nonyY11n11 np-E3b T0311 nep110Ab eeraWHI1SI e11 B11Ab. C;r;.w,o 11 spaTaTa Bb

IO>HHaTa eT-EHa Ha )J,eeHI1SI eTpaHI1YeHb KOpa6b, KOSITO e 3ana3eHa 11 Bb MO)J,epHaTa L.1,bpKBI1LJ,a

(rn. Ta6n. II 11 Ill), e A0611na s-EpOS!THO Torasa AHeWHaTa e11 cpopMa. Ha e;r;.w,oTo sp-EMe w,e Tp-E6sa Aa

PaJHHTt crpoHTenHH nepHonH. - BrHpt.wHOCTbTa Ha UbpKBaTa 23

ce np11m1waTb noseYeTo OTb BHI1MaTe11HO HanpaseHI1TB o61111u,OBKI1 Ha CTBHI1TB. Tt C}i';. 113BbpweHI1

Cb C}i';.Lll,aTa OHa311 rOJl'EMa rpmt<1111BOCTb 11 CbBbpWeHCTBO Bb TeXH11l<aTa, 1<011TO OT1111YaBaTb BCI1YI<I1

np~npas1<11 OTb T0311 nep110nb.

4eTBbpT11SITb nep110nb e C}i';.Lli,O l)'pC1<11 11 Ce OT1111YaBa Cb r011~MaTa HeMap1111BOCTb Bb rpa

neH<a, Kolho HaB~K}i';.n~ e HepaBHOM~peHb, c11a6b 11 Ha6bp3o 113BbpweHb. 3a crpo11Te11eHb MaTe

p11a11b C}i';. noc11yH<111111 KaMbHI1, TYX1111, napYeTa OTb CTpoweHI1 TYX1111 11 KepaMI1nl1 - Bb06Lll,e BCI1YKO,

KaKBOTo ce e nonanHa11o, Haxsbp11S!HO 6e3b B~Kai<bBb penb. XopocaHbTb e c11a6b 11 11ecHO ce pa3-

nana. Xapai<TepH11 C}i';. 3a T0311 nep11onb nbpBeHI1TB rpen11, KOI1TO C}i';. nocTaBSIHI1 11 Ha nospbXHOCTbTa

Ha 311na, KaTO C}i';. 6111111 C1<p11BaHI1 CaMO Cb Ma311111<aTa. npo30pU,11TB 11MaTb 0611KHOBeHO YeTBbpT11Ta

cpopMa Cb KaMeHeHb 6opn10pb no KpaS!. Cp~Lll,aTb ce o6aye 11 TaKI1Ba Cb 3aocTpeHI1, HO 11owo Ha

npaseHI1 csonose, KaKTO Hanp. Ha 113TOYHaTa CTpaHa Bb CT~HaTa nonb TPI1YM.¢a11HaTa api<a. Pa3611pa

ce, ye OTb T0311 nep110nb, KaTo Hai-1-HOBb, C}i';. 3ana3eHI1 11 Hai-1-MHOro c11~n11. Oco6Ho xapai<TepHa e

3a Hero BbHWHaTa c~sepHa cnHa Ha 11~BI1SI cTpaHI1YeHb Kopa6b (o6p. 3). Ha C}i';.Lli,I1SI nep110nb Lll,e

Tp~6sa na ce np11n11we 11 rnaBHaTa spaTa Ha cpacanaTa Bb cerawHI1SI 11 Bl1nb, KaKTO 11 Ta311 Bb IOH<

HaTa crl;Ha Ha Hanp~YHI1SI Kopa6b, np~nb KOSITO nHeCb ce HaM11pa MonepHaTa nbpBeHa CTh116a (Ta611. 11).

Hai1-nOC11~ KaTO neTI1 CTp011Te11eHb nep110nb MOH<eMb na 03HaYI1Mb Bp~MeTO C11~nb OCB0-

60H<neHI1eTO. l<bMb T0311 nep110nb cnana ycTpOHCTBOTO Ha MOnepHaTa U,bp1<BI1LJ,a Bb neCHI1SI CTpaHI1-

YeHb Kopa6b, KaKTO 11 HanpasaTa Ha u,~1111SI ceraweHb noi<p11Bb Ha u,bpi<BaTa.

EcTecrseHo e, Ye TB311 neTb crpo11Te11HI1 nep11ona Bb pa3BI1TI1eTo Ha u,bpi<BaTa He Tp~6sa na

Ce CXBaLll,aTb KaTO OTnb11HI1 KpaTKOBp~MeHHI1 MOMeHTI1, np~3b 1<011TO (}1';, 113BbpWeHI1 113B~CTHI1 no

npaBKI1. Bc~KI1 nep11onb c;;._bOTB~TCTBysa Ha enHa enoxa, Bb TeYeHI1e Ha KOSITO YeCTO e cTaBa11o MOH<e

611 HYH<na na ce np~nnp11eMaTb nonpas1<11 11 np~cTpoi-11<11. 06aYe T~ BCI1YKI1 3P 113B~cTHa enoxa

HOCS!Tb eni1Hb 11 C}i';.Lll,l1 Xapai<Tepb 11 Ta311 11MeHHO 06Lli,HOCTb Hl1 nasa Bb3MOH<HOCTb na rOBOp11M:.

3a crpo11Te11HI1 nep110n11 np11 sc~KI1 eni1Hb cTapb apx11Tei<TypeHb naMeTHI1Kb; H11e Lll,e ce nosbpHeMb

Bbpxy T0311 Bbnpocb no-non~. KoraTo Lll,e pa3rneH<naMe 11CTOp11S!Ta Ha u,bpi<BaTa, 3a na cp111<c11paMe

TOrasa XpOHOJ10r!1YeCKI1 nO-TOYHO, Cb nOMOLll,bTa Ha 11CTOp11YeCKI1TB CB~n~HI1SI, BC~I<I1 eni1Hb OTb

crpo11Te11HI1T~ nep110n11, KOI1TO KOHCTaT11paxMe TYI<b.

5. B~rptwHOCTbTa Ha UbpKsara

np~nl1 na ce 113BbpWaTb pa3I<Oni<I1T~ Bb U,bpi<BaTa Cs. Cocp11S1, HeHHI1SITb nonb ce HaM11pawe

Ha BI1COYI1Ha Q·SQ-1 M. Hanb KaMeHHI1SI UOI<bJlb Ha CrpanaTa 11 6~ nOCTJlaHb OTYaCTI1 Cb npaBI111HI1 we

CTO}i';.rb11HI1 l)'XJ111, ne6e1111 01<0110 4 CM., YI1HTO nl1aroHaJ1b 11Ma nb11H<I1Ha 41-42 CM. T0311 nonb e C11rypHO

OTb TypcKo npo113XOH<neHI1e ; 1) TYX1111T~ 6~xa nocTaBeHI1 Henocp~ncTBeHo Bbpxy eni1Hb n11aCTb Hacl1nb

11 MHOro 11ecHo ce san~xa, nopan1-1 I<OeTO ro11~Ma YaCTb OTb T~Xb C}i';. 6111111 3aill1rHaTI1 OLll,e no-paHo.

CTap11S!Tb nonb Ha u,bpi<BaTa MOH<a na ce OTKp11e ensa Yp~3b pa3I<OnKI1Tt.. Tol-1 ce e HaM11panb,

Kai<TO 11 611 Tp~6Ba110 na Ce OYaKBa, nOYTI1 Ha Ci'f..Lli,OTO paBHI1Lll,e Cb KaMeHHI1SI LJ,OI<bJlb Ha U,bpi<BaTa;

caMo ropHS!Ta nospbXHOCTb Ha nona e Hans11wasa11a Cb H~K011KO caHTI1MeTpa u,OI<bna. KoHCTpyK

U,11SITa Ha T0311 nOnb Lll,e pa3r11enaMe no-06CTOSITe11CTBeHO Bb CJl~nHSITa rnaBa, Bb CBpb3l<a Cb npyri1T~

nonpo6HOCTI1 OTb B}i';.Tp~wHI1SI nbpBoHaYa11eHb 113rnenb Ha u,bpi<BaTa. Tyi4HVI51Tb KOPF\6b. Bbpxy I<BanpaTHOTo npocTpaHcTso, I<OeTo ce

o6pa3ysa OTb np~CI1YaHeTo Ha rnaBHHSI I<Opa6b Cb Hanp~YHI-151, ce 113nl1ra KynonbTb (o6p. 13).

1) 11 p eYe K b (Firch.-epigr. Mitteil. X, 1886, 48) norpt.wHo CYHTa HacTHilKaTa Olb weCTO?r;!DllHH TyxnH Ja crapa.

I •

.-

I

24 CerawHoro CbCTOSIHHe Ha UbpKsara

ToH nOLJY!Ba Bbpxy LJeTYIPYI nepneHAYIKYil51pHY1 e,[l,Ha Ha Apyra apKYI, a npt.x OAbTb OTb KBaApaTHOTO

npOCTpaHCTBO l<bMb !<p~r!laTa OCHOBa Ha Kynona e nOCTYifHaTb 4pt.3b naH,[l,aHTYIBYI, I<OYITO Yl3nb!lBaTb

npa3HY!Tt. TpY!lHb!lHYI npoCTpaHCTBa Me>I<AY ap!<Y!Tt.. )J,Y!aMeTbpbTb Ha Kynona e 9 M. , a BYIC04Y!HaTa

OTb Bbpxa MY AO nbpsoHaYa!lHI-151 noAb Ha LJ,bpKBaTa 19·75 M. Kyno!lbTb e rpaAe Hb caMo OTh

06p. 11. - B,v..rp-EWHOCTbTa Ha UbpKsara OTb KbMb 3ananb.

T)'XJlYI, nOCTaBSIHYI Bb I<OHLJ,eHTpYILJHYI Kp~rose, I<OYITO l<bMb BbpXa nOCTO>lHHO Ce yMaJl51BaTb . )J.OKOJl

I<OTO MOH<.e Aa Ce C~AYI OTb Tt.3YI Mt.CTa, At.TO Ma3YI!ll<aTd e Y13na,[l,a!la, TOH e rpaneHb YI3LJ,t.JlO Y1 He

e npt.Tbpn51Ba!lb Ha B~Tpt.wHaTa CYI CTpaHa HY!Kai<BYI nonpaBKYI . V!HTepeCHO e ,[],a Ce OT6t.Jlt.>I<YI, 4e

KBaApaTbTb nOAb Kynona He e Cbsct.Mb npaBYI!leHh Tb~ LJe OKn~H<.H::lCTbTa, on11caHa l:lb Hero,

l<ynonb1b 25

113JH13<1 npi-1 3anc,[l,HaTa MY CTpaHa cbHb OTb He51 (np1-16JH13!-1TenHO Cb 50 CM.; rn. Ta6n. X). no Ta3!1

npH4!-1Ha 61-1 Tp-E6aano AO ce np1-1e:-1e, Ye 1-1n1-1 KynonbTb He o6pa3ysa CbBC-EMb npasHnHa O!<p}T\>t<HOCTb,

rlnH nblt<aXb ,[l,a yCTaHOB51, TbH KaTO 3a Ta3H

06p. 12. - 8~K1pSWHOC1bTa Ha UbpKsara OTb KbMb H3T0Kb.

u,i:nb 61-1xa 61-1n11 noTp-E6Hl-1 TOYHH V13M-EpsaHV151 no caMaTa nep1-1cpep1-151 Ha Kynona, KOV1TO 61-1xa H3HCKBanH

noCTp051BaHeTo Ha cneu,1-1aniia CKen51.

Bb sc-E1<1-1 eAV1Hb OTb ABaTa w,1-1Ta nOAb Kynona, KOV1TO ce o6pa3ysaTb KbMb CTpaHV14HHT-E

OTA-EneHH51 Ha Hanpi;YHI-151 KOpc6b, ce HaM!-1pa no eAHHb npo3opeu,b (o6p. 13 1-1 14). T-E3H npo3opu,V1,

(s. CocjJH• 4

26 CerawHoro CbCT051HHe Ha UbpKsara

KOYITO OH:ocn-t OK 611n11 3a3Y!,D.aHYI, He CJt.. cnymHnY! HYIKOra 3a OCB1iTneHY!e, TbH KaTO T1i He Yl3nYI3aTb

Ha,D.b no~<?HBa Ha Hanp-EYHI-151 Kopa6b, a nemaTb nO-HYICKO OTb Hero. T-t cnymaTb s-tpo51THO OTb

e,D.Ha CTpc:Ha 3a o6neKYeHHe Ha T51mecTbTa, K051TO na,D.a Bbpxy no-,D.O'lH51Ta apKa, a OTb ,D.pyra -

3a Y!361irBaHe Ha MOHOTOHHOCTbTa Bb WY!pOKaTa nnOCKOCTb Ha W,Y!Ta. f<ynonHOTO npoCTpaHCTBO cn-t

,D.OBaTenHO He e nonyYasano HHKaKBO Henocp-t,D.CTBeHo ocs-tTneHHe OTBbHb.

06p 13. - KynonbTb Ha UbpKBala, rnenaHb omoni:;.

CTpaHHYHHT-t OT,D.-tneHI-151 Ha Hanp1iYHVI51 Kopa6b (rn. o6p. 14) CJt.. CJt..w,o 3acso,D.eHH 11 TO Cb

nnOCbKb KpbCTaTb (MOHaCTY!pCKYl) CBO,D.b. T03YI CBO,D.b ne>t<Y! naKb Bbpxy YeTvtpYI apKYI, HO 6e3b naH

,D.aHTYIBYI. nptX:J,D.bTb Ce o6pa3yBa Yp1i3b OC06HOTO Hape>t<,D.aHe Ha TyXnYIT1i, KOYITO He CJt.. nOCTaBeHvt

27

XOp1130HTaJJHO Bb KOHLI,eHTp114HI1 Kpi'i'..rOBe, a HaKJJOHeHO VI TO TaKa, '-le Ha BCtKa CTpaHa Tyxmni:.

CJli:.ABaTb HanpaBJJeHVIeTO Ha CbOTBi:.THaTa apKa, KaTO o6pa3yBaTb eAVIHb B11Ab KOHKaBHVI TpVIi'i'..rbJl

HV.U.VI, 41111TO BbpXOBe Ce Cpi:.w,aTh Bb eAVIHb VI Ci'i'..W.VI Ll,eHTbpb (rn. o6p. 15).

06p. 14. - Ct.sepHoTo OTnt.neHHe Ha Hanpt.4HH51 t<apa6b.

Bb IO>t<HOTO OTAtneHVIe Ha Hanpt4HV15l !<Opa6b, HaAb HaH-ropHHTt npo3opu.11, nOAb caMVI5l

CBOAb, Ce HaMHpa Bb eAVIHb peAb rpbU.KVI HaAnVICb HanpaBeHb OTb TYXlll1, OTb KOHTO cera Ce '-feTe

AAATA8THTOYnATPIAPXOV, T. e. [r:-:;ji./.:X 'ti E':Y) 'tcG r:x'tp::Xpzcv. 1)

1) To3H Hal!nHCb e 6HJlb 3a6t.nt.3aHb owe f>b 1740 ron. OTb m;ueweCTBeHHKa KeMnneHb, Koi1To ro e npt.nHcanb norpt.wHo Bb cnt.nHI-151 BHllb: nOAAT8TH

nATPIAPXOV. ln. W. K ubi t s c he k, Kemplens Reise vcn Wien nach Konstantinopel Bb flrch.-epigr. Mitteil. XVII, 1894, 49.

4*

28 CerawHOTO CbCTOIIHHe Ha UbpKBaTa

,UsaTa ron-EMH 3ana)J,HYl nHnaCTpa, KOYlTO Kp-En51Tb Kynona, Ci'K np-ETbpn-En!-1 omocn-E H-EKOI-1

Yl3M-EHeHH51. ,UsaTa ptK6a Ha tOr0-3ana)J,HYl51 OTb T-Exb Ci'K oTp-E3aHH no TypcKH BKYCb AO Yl3B-EcTHa

BYlCOYYlHa, KaTo Ci'K nonyYHnl-1 H-EKo!-1 He3HaYHTenHYl apa6ecKYl (o6p. 16). Bp-E3aHYl51Tb ptK6b Ha c-E

sepo-3ana)J,HYl51 nHnacTbpb e 61-1nb no)J,nbnHeHb, nbpBOHaYanHo s-Epo51THO AO apKaTa, Cb TyxneHa

3Yl)J,apH51, K051TO cera Bb ropH51Ta Cl-1 YaCTb e naKb pa3pyweHa (o6p. 17). Bb ocHosara Ha T03Yl

nHna.::Tbpb e srpaAeHa e)J,Ha He)J,OBbpweHa pHMCKa HaArpo6Ha nnoYa 6e3b Ha)J,nYlCb, K051TO )J,aTHpa

s-Epo51THO o~e OTb sTOp!-151 s-EKb en. Xp.1)

Bb TypcKaTa cr-EHa, K051TO 3anywsa cera TpHyMcpanHaTa apKa (o6p. 18), e srpaAeHb TypcKH51Tb

MHxpa6b Ha AH<aMYl51Ta, TypHaTb ManKo Ha KpHBO, 3a )J,a 6tKAe opHeHmpaHb KbMb MeKa. Bb )J,ec~o

OTb Hero ce HaMHpa TypcKOTO BYlKano (MHM6apb), nocrpoeHo u.-Eno OTb KaMbKb . HerosaTa ocHosa,

HanpaBeHa He06VlKHOBeHO 3)J,paso OTb KaMbHYl H .Bapb Cb n-ECbKb, MeH<AY KOYlTO Ci'K 61-1n1-1 noCTaBeH!-1

1-1 AbpBeHH rpe)J,I-1, AOCTHrawe Ha Abn»<HHa AO 3 M. Onopt T51 6t o6n-EYeHa Ha)J,b no)J,a Cb KaMeHHYl

OnOKOBe, o6pa3yBall.\Yl )J,Bi; CT/Knana Yl CKaYeHYl

Cb H<en-E3HYl CK06Yl no MeH<AY Cl-1. no-ron-EMaTa

YaCTb OTb Ta3Yl noCTpOHKa 6i; pa3pyweHa np!-1

pa3KOnKHT-E, 3a )J,a ce OTKpHe neH<a~aTa nOAb

He51 M03ai-1Ka, KaTO Ce 3ana3Yl CaMO BYlCOKaTa

YaCTb Ha BYlKanOTO.

CT-EHHTB Ha Hanp-EYHI-151 Kopa6b noKa3-

BaTb Yl OTBtKTpi; G'l'\~YlT-E nonpaBKI-1, KOYlTO KOH

CTaTYlpaxMe BeYe OTb BbHWHaTa CTpaHa, Cb Ta3Yl

caMo pa3nHKa, ye CTapaTa nospbXHOCTb Ha

CT-EHHT-E OTBIKTpi; e 3ana3eHa MHOrO nO-)J,06pi;,

Bb sctKo e)J,HO orb CTpaHHYHHTt OTAtneHI-151 Ha

Kopa6a ce HaMHpaTb no:)J,s-E nocTaseHH Hacp-E~a

nonyKptKrnl--1 HYlWI-1, BYlCOKYl no 2·10 M., WYlpOKI-10'95

1-1 Abn6oKH 0 ·75 M. T-E3Yl HHWI-1 ctK 61-1n1-1 omocn-E

3a3H)J,aHYl Cb TBbpAt conH)J,eHb TypcKH rpaAeH<b

OTb KaMbHYl Yl TyXnYl. ,[l,si;n 3ana)J,HYl HYlWYl Ci'K

06p. 15.-KoHcTpyKUHS! Ha csonosert Bb Hanp-tYHHS! Kopa6b. OTBopeHH HaHOBO e)J,Ba cntAb ocso60H<)J,eHHeTo.

Bb T-Exb 1-1 AO cera nHYaTb o~e AOCTa A06p-E

OCTaTbll,Yl OTb cppeCKI-1, KOYlTO Ci'K Yl306pa351Banl-1 H-EKOI-1 CBBTI-11-1 (rn. o5p. 19). 3a H<anOCTb o6pa3Yln

Ci'K seye CbBCBMb nosp-EAeH!-1. Cn-EAH OTb TaKHBa cppecKH ce 3a6-Ent3saTb 1-1 no Ma3HnKaTa Ha npo-

3opu,HT-E Bb IOH<HaTa CTBHa Ha HanptYHI-151 Kopa6b. EAHaTa OTb Yl3T04HHT-E HYlWI-1, a HMeHHO Ta3Yl

Bb c-EsepHOTO OTA-EneHHe, nOAb KpaHHI-151 npo3opeu,b, 6-E pa3KpHra e)J,sa np1-1 pa3KOnKYln (o6p. 20).

CntAH OTb cppeCKYl Bb He51 He ce HaM-EpHxa. ,UpyraTa Yl3TOYHa HHWa oCTasa 1-1 cera o~e 3a3H)J,aHa.

Hf\,Unb>t<HV1To KOPf\61-1 V1 nPo,U,UBEPHETO. rmsHYl51Tb KOpa6b e OT)J,tneHb OTb CTpa

HY14HYlTB no Cb 5 nHnaCTpa, noCTaBeHH Henocp-EACTBeHO Bbpxy KaMeHHYI51 U.OKbnb Yl CKaYeHYl nOMeH<AY

Cl1 Cb apKYl (o6p. 11 Yl 12). T-EXHYlTB p.¥;6ose Ci'K spt3aHI1 nO)J,b npaBb i'Kfbnb Has;up-t. nbpB1-151Tb

nl1naCTbpb Ha IOH<HaTa CTpaHa e Cb60peHb. 06pa3ysaHYl51Tb no T0311 HaYI1Hb npOXO)J,'b Cb )J,BOHHa WYlpO- ~

YI1Ha e 3aCBO)J,eHb Cb xy6asa KaMeHHa apKa orb TYPCKI-1 npoH3XOAb (o6p. 16). BcHYKYl npoxo)J,H Me»<AY

nl1r.acrpi!r-E Ha IOH<Hara .CrpaHa Ci'K 3a311)J,aHI1 Cb cna611 CTBHI1 OTb KaMbHYI 11 Kanb, npaseHYl Bb KbCHO

TypcKo s;ri;Me, KoraTo YaCTb OTb U.bpKBaTa e 611na np11cnoco6eHa 3a optKH<eHb cKna)J,b.

---· -- ----

1) nnoYaTa e nbnra 2·10. wHpoKa 0·82 H ne6ena

0"32 M. 0Tropt, TSI JaBbpWBa Cb nollyKpN;fbllb ¢pOHTOHb,

OOCTaBeHb BbpXy llAi; KOJIOHKH Cb KOpHHTCKH KaOHTeJIH.

Bb noneTo Ha ¢poHTOHa C.¥; HJ06pa3eHH usa 610cTa, Ha

MN;)f{b Cb 6pana H Ha )f{eHa Cb noKpHsano Ha rnasaTa .

noneTO Ha KaMbKa nOllb ¢pOHTOHa, np-tUHaJHa'leHO Ja

HaunHCb, e oc,-aHano npa3HO, oru-tTo ce BH)f{lla, ye na·

MeTHHKbTb He e 6HJ!b OKOH'laTellHO llOBbpWeHb.

l

fllaBHH5Hb KupaOb 29

rnaBHH51Tb I<O!Ja6b e Ci"i'\W,O 3aCBOneHb, o6aye He :Cb 06Ht<HOBeHb U,HJlHHApHYeHb CBOAb,

a Yp-fi3b enHa KOM6HHaU,H51 Ha T03H nOCll-fiAHH51 Cb eni1Hb Bl1Ab KpbCTaTb CBOAb, HMeHHO Cb TaKa

HapeYeHH51 MOHaCTHpCt<H CBOAb (o6p. 21 H Ta6n . XII). TpH ront.MH apt<H, cno>+<eHH Bbpxy t<paHHHrl H

cpsnHHrl nHnaCTpH, Cb panHanH:J noCTaBeHH TyxnH, ce 51B51BaTb KaTo no51 CH OTb enHHb HeH3nbnHeHb

06p. 16. - IOro · 3ananHH~Tb nonKynoneHb nHnacrbpb.

u,HllHHAPHY~Hb csonb. Ts 33Taapi!Tb n'3t. K3anpaTHH npoCTpaHCTBa, arSKO OTb KOHTO e 3acsoneHo

no oTn-finHo npH61lH3HTellHO 110 Ci"i'\W,H51 .HaYHHb, KaKTO Hanpt.YHHstTb· t<Opa6b (rn . ·cTp . 26 cn.). Pa3JlHKaTa

Ce CbCTOH Bb TOBa, Ye TYI<b AB-fiT-fi CTpaHH Ha CBOna, ci;aepHaTa H IOH<HaTa, KaTO nOYHBaTb

Henocpt.ncTaeHo Bbpxy CTi:.HHTt. Ha t<opa6a - cnt.nosaTenHo Bbpxy xopH30HTanHa nnocKOCTb -

30 CerawHoro CbCTOSlHHe Ha UbpKsara

-en<.. 3ano4Han1 eb paAYlanHo noCTaBeHYI TyxnYI, KaKTO npY1 eAYIHb u,YlnYIHApY14eHb eBOAb. Tt ee npt.eY1-

4aTb o6a4e OTb ApyrYITi:. ABi:. CTpaHYI Ha eBOAa, KOYITO n04V1BaTb Bbpxy apKY1Ti:. 11 Ai:.TO Tyxmnt.

en<.. noeTaBeHYI Bb HanpasneHYle nepneHAYIKyn~pHo Ha nbpBY1Tt., Ta no T03H Ha4V1Hb no AYlaroHanHrt

Ha eBOAa ee o6pa3yBaTb BAn;y;_6HaTH Haropt. p;y;_6ose (o6p. 22).

06p. 17. - Ctsepo-3ananHH51Tb nonKynoneHb nHnacrbpb.

CBOAbTb Ha MHoro Mt.eTa e AOeTa pa3KbpTeHb. 3a Aa ee noAnbnHS!Tb o6pa3yBaHHrt Bb Hero

BMn<..6HaTYIHH H 3a Aa ee nony4H naKb rnaAKa nospbXHOeTb, Bb TypeKO spt.Me pa3KbpTeHYlrE Mi:.CTa

en<.. 6YlnH nOKpYITYI eb 4eTBbpTHTH TyXnH, 1) npYIKOBaHH eb WVlpOKaTa eYI CTpaHa Bbpxy nnoeKOeTbTa

1) Tyxn HTt. HMaTb pa3Mt.pH 26X 27 CM., ne6enHHa 3 5 CM.

TypcKa o6nHuoeKa Ha ceonoeerl; 31

Ha cso.n.a nocp-t.n.cTBOMb ron-tMH >~<en"t3HH nHpOHH. Ta3H TBbp.n.-t HHTepecHa TexHHKa, K051TO

nopaAH conHAHOCTbTa H rpH>I<nHBOCTbTa CH Tp-t6sa )l.a ce npHnHwe ow,e Ha nbpBH51 TypcKH crpOHTe

neHb nepHOAb, MO>I<e Hai1-Ao6p-t Aa ce Ha6nJO)l.aBa Bbpxy na)l.HanoTo Bb np-BMsepHeTO nap4e OTb

cso.n.a. TyKb 51CHO nH4H, 4e Cb TyxneHHT-t nno4KH He e 6Hna o6n"t4eHa u-tnan nospbXHOCTb Ha

06p. 18. - TypcKHTt, KymoeH npHcnoco6neHH5l Bb u·bpKeara.

CBO)l.a, HO CaMO pa3KbpTt;!HHT-t M-tCTa 3a nOJ,nbnBaHe HapaBHO Cb 3ApaBHT-t MY 4aCTH. npH TOBa

T"t3H nn04KH C.:K ynoTpt6eHH He CaMO npH KpbCTaTHTb CBO!J,OBe, HO C.:KWO H npH L.J,HnHHIJ.p114eCK11T"t

n051CH Ha rnaBHI151 KOpa6b, KaKTO Ce BH>I<IJ,a 11 Bb 06p. 21.

32 (era W HOTO CbCTOSI H He Ha Ub pKBaTa

BbHWHara csi>T11HHa npOHHKBa Hanpaso Bb u,eHrpa11HHSI Kopa6b nocpi>ACTBOMb ,D,Ba'-ta,D,ecerbry

Ma11KH npo3opeu,a, nocraseHH n0 4TH AO cso,D,a (rn. o6p. 11 1-1 21 ), no wecrb Ha sci>Ka OTb ,D,bnrHri> cri>HH. ~ Bb nO-KbCHO spi>Me ABi>ri> KpaHHH np030p4eTa OTb sci>Ka crpaHa C-"' 61-1111-1 3a3H,D,aHH, a ocraHa11HrE

OCeMb CJi>;. 61-1111-1 3Ha4HTe11HO HaMa11eHH 1-1 CHa6,D,eHH Cb 3aOCTpeHH CBO,D,OBe. nbpBOHa4a11HaTa cpOpMa

1-1 ro11i>MHHa Ha np030p4eTaTa, Cb Kp-"'rnH CBO,D,OBe, JlH4aTb o6aye f13BJi>;.Tpi> MHOrO nO-,D,06pi>, OTK011-

KOTO OTBbHb. Ti> CJi>;. 61-1111-1 nbpBOHa4a11HO 2'50 M. BHCOKH f1 1·50 M. WHpOKH.

06p. 19. - 3ananHaTa HHWa Bb IO»<HOTO OTn"\;JieHHe Ha Hanp"\;Y HHSI 1<0pa6b.

no CrEHHTi> Ha u,eHTpa11HHSI KOpa6b CJi>;. 3ana3eHH OT4aCTH TpH Ma3H11Kf1 e,D,Ha Bbpxy Apyra .

Bb HHKOSI OTb ri>xb He ce HaMHparb C11i>AH OTb cppeCKH; a noHe>t<e 1-1 B-"'Tpi>wHHTi> cri>HH, KaKTO

BeYe KOHCTaTHpaxMe Ha Hi>K011KO Mi>CTa, C-"' 61-1111-1 nO,D,KbpneHH Bb ,D,OCTa r011i>Ma CTeneHb Bb rypcKO

Bpi>Me Cb TbHbKb rpa,D,e>t<b-0611HU,OBKa, TO MO>t<e Cb r011i>Ma si>pOS!THOCTb ,D,a ce npHeMe, 4e f1 TpHTi>

Ma3H11KH CJi>;. rypCKH. Tosa Hi>UJ,O Ce nOTBbp,D,S!Ba 1-1 OTb 06CTOS!Te11CTBOTO, Ye HHTO e,D,Ha OTb Ma3H11-

KHTi> He Cllf13a nO-,D,b1160KO OTb HHBOTO Ha rypCKHSI nO,D,b, TbH Ye Ta3H YaCTb OTb nH11aCTpHTi>,

KOSITO Ce HaMHpa nO-HHCKO, e OCTC.Ha11a 6e3b HHKaKBa Ma3HJ1Ka. 1-'bBi>CTHO CbMHi>HHe 61-1 MOrnO ,D,a

HMa CaMO npH HaH-,[1,011HSITa Ma3f111Ka, HanpaseHa OTb sapb f1 ni>CbKb, CMi>CeHH Cb CYyKaHH CbBCi>Mb

Ha Ape6Ho KepaMHAH 1-1111-1 ryx111-1, nopa,D,H r.:oero TSI H3r11e>t<,D,a Cbsci>Mb YepseHa. Bb3MO>t<HO e Cb

Hannb)f{H HTE Kopa6H 33

He~ ,D,a e 61-1na H3Ma3aHa nbpBoHaYanHo utnaTa UbpKBa 1-1 nocnt Bbpxy He~ BeYe ,D,a c~ 6HnH cna

raHH BCHYKH nO-KbCHH Ma3HnKH. 0cBtHb TOBa T~ e H He06HKHOBeHO TBbp,D,a, Cb I<OeTO neCHO Ce

o6~cH~Ba He?iHaTa H3,D,bp>HnHBOCTb ,D,a>He H Torasa, I<Or-aTo APYrb no-ropeHb nnacTb e 611sanb CbBbp

weHo OI<bpTBaHb. Ha scti<H cnyYa?i 11 Ta3H Ma3Hni<a He cnH3a no-,D,ont OTb Typci<H~ no,D,b Ha

Ubpi<BaTa.

06p. 20. - Yl3TOYHaTa HHWa Db CSEepHOTO OTUtJleHHe Ha Hanpt4H"'SI 1<0pa61.

0Tb )J,BaTa CTpaHHYHH KOpa6a CaMO ntBH~Tb, I<Oiho He e npfinpaB51Hb Bb HaH-HOBO Bptl'Te,

HH ,D,asa Bb3MO>HHOCTb 3a no-no,D,po6Ho H3cnt,D,BaHe (o6p. 23). UtnaTa Herosa ctsepHa CTtHa 11 OT

B~Tpt HOCH YHCTO TypC!<I-1 xapaKTepb I<aKTO H OTBbHb (rn. CTp. 12), Cb Ta3H CaMO pa3nHI<a, Ye rpa-

Cs. Co¢H• 5

34 CerawHoTo CbCTOSIHHe Ha Ubpt<Bara

AeH<bTb OTBi'KTp-b e MHOro no-conHAeHb, HanpaseHb Bb no-roni>Mara CH YaCTb OTb KaMbHH, nocraseHH

MeH<AY Ye-:-HpH ryxnH. Cri>Hara, I<051TO no rpaAeHACTBOMb AeBeTb CbBCi:.Mb cna6o H3ni'KI<HanH H 3aOCTpeHH

cn-BnH ap1<11 (o6p. 4).

CrpaHH'-IHH51Tb Kopa6b e Oi\~O 3aCBOAeHb H CBOAOBert, MY Ci'K CHrypHo crapH - Hi>~o, I<Oero

Hai1-Ao6pt, nol<a3sa, ye c-BsepHara My cri>Ha He e 611na HHKora CbBCi>Mb pa3pyweHa (rn. crp. 12).

CHcTeMara Ha 3aCBOA51BaHero e c;;r;~ara KaKTO 11p11 rnaBHH51 Kopa6b, Cb ra3H caMo pa3nHKa, Ye ryiCTO TpH, '-!eTHpH LI,HflHHApH'-IeCI<H n051Ca Cb paAHanHO nOCTaBeHH ryxnH, CflOH<eHH Bbpxy

nHnacrpHTi> npi>3b eAHHb. no T03H Ha'-!HHb ce o6pa3yBaTb TPH YeTBbpTHTH npocrpaHCTBa, 3aCBOAeHH

no Ci'K~I-151 H<l'-IHHb Cb !<pbCTaTH CBOAOBe Kai<TO npH rnaBHH51 1<0pa6b. no CBOAOBerl TYI3BaTb HHI<ai<BH Cni>AH OTb o6nHLI,OBI<a Cb ryxneHH nnO'-!KH.

lnaBHH51Tb 1<0pa6b Ce OTBap51 l<bMb npi>MBepHeTO Bb u.i>nara CH WHpO'-IHHa. ,lJ,saTa H3-

nJKI<HanH nonynHnacTpH, I<OHTO Ce HaMHpaTb Ha rpaHHLI,aTa MeH<AY npi>MBepHeTO H rnaBHI-151 I<O

pa6b (rn. 06p. 12), Ci'K CTapH CaMO Bb AOnHHTi> CH nonOBHHH. lOpHHTE HMb nOnOBHHH, I<OHTO CTH

faTb AO eAHa H C.>i'\~a BHCO'-IHHa H 3aBbpWBaTb orropt, Cb pasHa nnOCI<OCTb - cni>AOBarenHO Ti>

n pl;nnsep11eTO 35

HHI<Ofa He C.l'i'. 611n11 113)J,HraHH nO-BHCOKO C.l'i'. npaBeHH OTnOcn-J5 TBbp)J,i; rpH>+<nHBO 1-1, Cnope)J,b

MaTepHana, w.e Tp"t6sa Aa ce npHnHwaTb Ha nbpBHSI rypcKH nepHO)J,b. Bb Hali-ropHHT-E 11Mb '-!aCTH

ce 3a6-En-E3BaTb, sp-E3aHH Bb Ma3HnKaTa, ManKH TypcKH po3eTKH.

HapeAb Cb nonynHnacTpHT-E, no cp-EAaTa Me>HAy np-EAAsepHeTo 1-1 rnaBHHSI Kopa6b, ce

HaMHpaTb AB-E npocTH 6a3H Ha KOnOHH OTh sapOBHHKb (rn. o6p. 24). 1) Ti; ce HaMHpaTb ow,e Bb nbp

soHa'-!anHOTO Cl-1 M-ECTonono>HeHHe 1-1 C.l'i'. nOCTaBeHH Bbpxy rpy611, HO MHOfO SIKH <j:JyH)J,aMeHTI-1 OTb Ka

MbHI-1' H TYXnl-1. noHe>He 6a3HT-E no Tat<bBb Ha'-111Hb ne>HaTb Ha HHBOTO Ha TypCKHSI nO)J,b, 42 CM. no

BHCOKO OTb nbpBOHaYanHHSI nO)J,b Ha L.l,bpKBaTa, TO H-EMa HHKaKBO CbMH-EHHe, Ye Ti; np11Ha)J,ne>HaTb

KbMb TypcKaTa noCTpoliKa. Tp11 rypcKI1 cT-EHI1, rpaAeHH cna6o 11 He6p-E>HHO OTb t<aMbHH, ryxn11 11

AbpBeTa Cb CbBC-EMb poxKaBb xopocaHb, KOHTO ce onHpaTb AO 6a3HT-E (rn. nnaHa Ha Ta6n. IX 11

o6p. 24), noKa3BaTb, Ye np-E3b BTOpHSI TypcKH CTpOHTeneHb nepHOAb :YtHAa )J,a 6.1'i'.Ae 1-1 Man

KHSITb '-!eTBbpTHTb CTbn6b (BHCOKb

74 CM , )J,bnbfb 1-1 WHpOKb 0·85X1·Q3

M.), I<OHTO ce HaM11pa Bb dsepo-

3ana)J,HHSI .l'i'.fbnb Ha rnaBHHSI t<O

pa6b, np-Enb KbCHaTa rypct<a crlHa

(rn. Ta6n. IX). Toli e rpaAeHb TBbp

A-E cna6o OTh TyxnH 11 xopocaHb 6e3b

t<epaMHAI1, cno>HeHb e Hanpaso Bbpxy

HaCI1na 11 11Ma Bb cpi;;)J,aTa Cl-1 He

npaB11nHa AynKa. Cn-EAH OTh BTOp11

noAo6eHb CThn6b, pa3nono>HeHb CI1-

MeTp11YHO Cb nbpB11SI, Ce HaM-EpHXa

11 Ha cp-Ew,HaTa CTpaHa, np11 tOro-

3ana)J,HI1SI .l'i'.fbnb Ha rnaBHI1SI t<O

pa6b. npi;)J,Ha3Ha'-!eHI1eTO Ha rl311

ABa CTbn6a OCTasa HeSICHO. Ha sc-Et<11

cny'-!aH T-E He npHHa)J,ne>HaTb KbMb

nbpBOHaYanHaTa nOCTpOHKa Ha L.l,bp

KBaTa.

06p. 22. - KoHcrpyKUI1SI Ha csonoser-t Bb rnaBHI151 Kopa6b.

Bbpxy caMOTO np-EAAsep11e oCTasa Aa ce t<a>He TBbpA-E ManKo. IO>HHaTa MY YaCTb e 3aCTpoeHa

cera L.J,i;na OTb MOAepHaTa L.1,bpt<BI1L.J,a. no)J,b Ta311 YaCTb ce HaM11pa )J,OCTa 06W11pHO nO)J,3eMI1e, )J,bnro

2 80, W11pOKO 2·35 1-1 BHCOKO 1'90 M., 3aCBO)J,eHO C.l'i'.W,O Cb t<pbCTaTb (MOHaCT11pCK11) CBO)J,b, Bb t<OeTO Ce

BnH3a no W11pOKa, HO He0611KHOBeHO CTpbMHa2) CTbn6a OTb cpi;)J,HeTO OTA-EneHI1e Ha np-EAABep11eTO

(rn Ta6n.IX np11 B). Tosa no)J,3eMI1e np11 pa3t<OnK11T-E ce yKa3a nbnHo no'-!TI1 AOropi; Cb npbCTb, Bb t<OSITO

ce HaM-Ep11 eAHa YawKa 3a Ka<j:Je Cb cs-ETnoKa<j:JSIBb us-ETh, yKpaceHa Cb 3naTHH 11 cpe6bpHH ("sapa

Knm1u) OpHaMeHTI-1 11 Cb TYPCK11 Ha)J,ni1Cb. no)J,3eMI1eTO cn-EAOBaTenHO Tp-E6sa )J,a e 611nO 113B-ECTHO 11

Bb TypcKo sp-EMe.'1) Bb ctsepHaTa '-!aCTb Ha np-EAAsepHeTo, cp-Ew.y n-Es11S1 CTpaHI1YeHb t<Opa6b, no-

1) .ils-tr-t 6a311 He elf- CbBC"tMb enHaKBI1. IO}!{Hara

e HanpaBeHa OTb YepBeHI1KaBb BapOBHI1Kb Cb pa3M"tp11

Ha YeTBbpT11TaTa nnoYa 54X56 CM. CaMara KOJJOHa e 11-

Mana,nl1aMeTbpb 42 eM. C-tsepHara 6a3a e OTb C11HKaBo

CI1Bb BapOBH11Kb Cb pa3M"tp11 48X48 CM. HeiiHaTa KO

JIOHa e 11MaJJa U11aMeTbpb 37 CM. 2) Crlf-nanara, OTb KOI1TO JJI1YaTb no6p-t caMo Ye

T11p11, Clf- BI1COKI1 np116JJI1311TeJJHO no 35 CM., a W11p0KI1

caMo no 15-20 CM . .ilHeCb r-t seye He elf- 3ana3eHI1 Bb

u-tnara c11 UbJJ}i{I1Ha.

:l) npaBI1 BneYaTJJeH11e, Ye TYXJJ11T"t, OTb KOI1TO e

rpaneHo rosa non3eMI1e, He ce cxo}i{narb Cb r"t311 Ha

UbpKBaTa. nbpB11r"t Clf- nO·MaJJKI1 .(crpaHa 28:-32 CM.) 11

rnaBHO MHoro no-TbHKI1 (2·5-3 CM.). XopocaHbTb e np11-

M-tceHb Cb YyKaH11 KepaM11U11 11 e CJJaraHb Bb MHOfO ne-

6eJJI1 nnacmse (3-5 eM.). Cnopenb rosa 113rne}!{na, Ye

non3eMI1eTo He e 611no rpaneHo 3aenHo Cb UbpKsara, a

s-tpoSITHO ornocn-t. f\Ko na He 6-twe W11pOKI1SITb MY

BXOUb, KOHTO 3aeMa U"tJJaTa My W11p0411Ha (2·35 M.), 611

Morno na ce MI1CJJI1 11 3a H"tKOSI no-crapa rpo6H11ua.

5*

36 CerawHoro CbCTO~III e Ha UbpKsara

,ll.06Ho nO,ll.3eMHe He Ci't-w,ecrsysa. TyKb 3acny}!{asa caMo ,c,a ce or6t.nt.}!{H, Ye OTb ,ll.Bi:.rt. crpaHH Ha

BparaTa, KO~TO e BO,ll.i:.na Bb Ci:.BepHOTO CT?JHHYHO OT,ll.EneHHe Ha npi:.,ll.,ll.BepHeTO 1-1 KO~TO Bb rypCKO

spi:.:vte e 61-1na 3.:13>-J,ll.aHa (rn. crp. 19), Ci't- H3,!1.:.1rHJT<J ,ll.TB crt.HH (rn. ra6n. IX np1-1 C) Ha BHCOYHHa

OI<ono 2 M., rpa,ll.eHH caMo OTb ryx.11-1. Hanpa3.1eH1-1ero Ha ,ll.3ara Hal'i-ropHH pe,ll.a ryxn1-1 noKa3Ba ~CHO,

06p. 23. - nsBI-iS!Tb CTpaHI-1YeHb KOpaSb H:J UcpKBaTa, rnenaHb OTb 113T0Kb.

t.Je Bbpxy ri:.3H crt.HH e ne}!{ana e,ll.Ha apKa. Ut.nara ra3H nocrpol'iKa, KaKTO ce BH}!{,ll.a OTb MaTe

pHana, e rypcKa. T~ npHnHYa TBbp,ll.i:. MHoro Ha YewMa, KaKBaro w,e ,ll.a e 11 61-1na Bb C.¥.W,HOCTb.

Crapara roni:.Ma u.eHrpanHa spara, KO~ro e BO,ll.i:.na OTBbHb Bb U.bpKBaTa, 3ae,ll.HO Cb Cbci:.,ll.

HHTi:. HeH np030p,UH, flHYaTb MHOro ,ll.06pt. OTB.¥.rpt. Ha 3ana,ll.Hara Cri:.Ha Ha npi:.,ll.,ll.BepHeTO (o6p. 24).

npt.ll.llBepHeTO 37

Bbpxy ap1<1-1rl Ha sparara H npo3opu,Hrl ce pa3n03Hasarb en-BAH OTb pa31<bpreHH CBOAOBe, I<OHTO

nol<a3BaTb, 4e np-BAAsepHero e 6~-tno nbpsoHaYaJlHO Ha ABa eraH<a. HaAb r-Bxb ce Ja6-Bn-B3BaTb H-B-

1<0111<0 ron-BMH AynKH, Bb I<OHTO CN. 6~-tnH nocraseHH Ae6enH AbpBeHH rpeAH 3a BTO;:>HSI eraH<b Ha

rypc!<aTa nOCTpOHI<a, l<bMb I<OSITO CN. npHHaAJleH<aJlH H l<aMeHHHrl 1<0110HH, '-IHHTO 6:1311 CN. 3ana3eHH

06p. 24. - UeHrpanHaTa YaCTb Ha npt.ll.llsepHero.

(m. crp. 35). Ta3H npoM-BHa e Moma Aa craHe eABa cn-BAb <.b'5apS1Hero Ha crapHr-B rpaAeHH cso

AOBe. KaMeHHHrl I<OJlOHH npHHaAJleH<aTb Ha sc-B!<H cnyYaH Ha nbpBHSI rypcKH CTpOIHeneHb nepHOAb

H nocn-B seye He eN. 6HnH Bb306HoseHH. Tosa ce BI-1H<Aa OTb o6croSirencrsoro, Ye npH pa3l<Oni<Hrl,

OCB-BHb 6a3Hrl, He Ce HaM-BpHXa HHI<ci<BH ppyrH '-laCTH OTb P.OJlOHHrl - Hi;W,O, I<OeTO SICHO nol<a3Ba,

~ ! ' I

I

. ~ I

·I , I

. I

i'

38 CerawHoTo CbCTOSIHHe Ha UbpKBaTa

====~~·-·----

4e Ti;JH nocnl;.o,HHn c~ 6HnH OTCTpaHeHH npi;.o,H ow,e u,bpKsaTa .o,a npi;TbpnH nocni;.o,HHn CH c~

w,ecTBeHH npoMi;HH npi;3b BTOpHS1 TypcKH cTpOHTeneHb nepHOAb.

Cso.o,bTb Ha ropHHS1 eTa>t+<H Ha 3e

MS1Ta (rn. o6p. 12 H 24). Ta3H 4aCTb OTb cso.o,a, KOS1TO H cera ow,e e JanaJeHa, e npaseHa, KaKTO ce

BH>+<Aa OTb MaTepHana, e.o,sa Bb TypcKo spi;Me .

06p. 25. - Cs. Cotj>HSI Bb ConyHb, on, Jana.ub.

rnABA II

nbpBOHaYanHH~Tb BHilb Ha UbpKBaTa

1. OnHTb 3a peKOHCTPYKUI-151

3a Aa Bb3CTaHOBHMb u,bpKBaTa Cs. CocjmSI Bb nbpBOHaYallHHSI 11 BHAb TaKa, KaKTO TSI e

6HJla HaH-Hanpi;)J,b noCTpOeHa, He06XO)J,YIMO e npi:.AYI BCI'IYKO )J,a OTCTpaHY!Mb BCYIYKYI OHYISI YaCTI'I,

KOYITO npOY13XO>t<)J,aTb OTb nO-KbCHO Bpi:.Me Y1 KOI'ITO HHe Y!MaXMe CllyYaH )J,a noCOYYIMb nOAp06HO

no-rapt.. KbMb Ti:.Xb cna)J,aTb He caMo TypcKHrE npt.npaBKH, a TaKa C.'i'\W.O 11 OHHSI OTb BTOpHSI

CTpOHTeneHb nepHOAb, KOHTO, KaKTO BI'IAi:.xMe, He e H3Mi:.HH!lb cj>opMaTa Ha npo3opu,11rl. Ha BTopo

Mi:.CTO Tpi:.6sa )J,a peKOHCTpyHpaMe Cb6opeHYirE CbBCi:.Mb YaCTI'I Ha Ll,bpKBaTa, a Y!MeHHO anCH)J,aTa Yl

)J,Bi:.Tt. OT)J,i:.JleHHSI OTCTpaHH Ha npi:.)l,IJ,BepHeTO. Pe3y!lTamTt. OTb T031'1 )J,BOeHb npou,eCb C.'i'\ npi:.ACTa

BeHH Bb nbpBOHaYa!lHHSI nnaHb (Ta6n. X) 11 Bb peCTaspau,HHrl Ha u,bpKBaTa, Bb3npoH3BeAeHH Ha

Ta6n. XI-XIV. noAp06HOCTYirE Yl SICHOCTbTa, Cb KOYITO C.'i'\ Y13pa6oTeHYI Ti:.3H nnaHOBe Yl pa3pi:.3H,

KOM6HHHpaHI'I Cb cj>oTOrpacj>HHrl OTb ceraWHI'ISI BHAb Ha u,bpKsaTa (Ta6n. II-VII), npaBSITb H3llHWHO

e)J,HO o6CTOHHO OnHCaHHe Y1 nOCOYBaHeTO Ha Cb06pa>t<eHYISITa 3a Bci:.Ka YaCTb OTb pecTaBpa

LI,J.i.IHi:.. Tt.3H nocnt.AHHTE HaMHpaTb csoeTo onpas)J,aHHe Henocpt.ACTBeHo Bb cerawHOTO CbCTOSIHHe

Ha U,bpKBaTa Bb BCYIYKYI OHYISI CllyYaYI - a Ti:. C.'i'\ 60JlWYIHCTBOTO - )J,i:.TO OW,e SICHO CJi'\ . 3ana3eHH

40

nbpBOHa'-la11HI-1TB cpopMI-1 1-1 pa3M"tp1-1. no Ta31-1 np!-1'-ll-iHa w,e ce cnpeMb HaKpan<O CaMO Bbpxy OHI-151

TO'-lKI-1, .a.-tTO 1-iMaMe C-""WeCTBeHO OTK110HeHI-1e OTb CeraWHOTO n0110meH!-1e 1-1111-1 ,[1,-tTO TOBa nOC11"t,[l,HeTO

He Hl-1 .a.asa Henocp-t.a.cTBeHo np-t.a.cTas11eH!-1e 3a nbpBOHa'-la11HI-151 BI-1Ab Ha UbpKBaTa.

LJJ.e 3anolJHeMb naKb Haii-Hanp-tAb Cb anc1-1.a.aTa (Ta611. Xl1-1 XIII 2). Hei1HI-151Tb n11aHb, KaKTO

Be'-le s:-~o, B'<M ~ (cTp. 11), e HanbllHO 3ana3eHb, o6a'-le 111-1ncsa Hl-1 u-tnaTa ropH51 noCTpoiiKa. 4e Ta3!-1

noc11-EAH51Ta e 1-1Ma11a .a.sa pe.a.a ro11-EM1-1 npo3opu1-1, noHe Bb 3ana.a.HaTa Cl-1 '-laCTb, ce ycTaHOB51Ba Cb

n0110}!{1-1Te11HOCTb OTb 3ana3eHI-1T-t '-laCTI-1 no I-13TOlJHaTa CTIHa, Bbpxy nl-111aCTp1-1T-t Ha Tp1-1yMcpa11HaTa·

apKa (r11. Ta611. IV 1-1 V). 3a npo3opu1-1rl Ha I-13TO'-lHaTa '-laCTb 11111-1 C-""W.1-1HCKaTa nonyKp-""r11a anc1-1.a.a,

K051TO OTBbHb l-iMa Tpi-iCTpaHHa cpOpMa, H-tMaMe Hi-iKaKBI-1 yKa3aHI-151. Ho KaTO B3eMeMb np-tAb Bl-i,[l,b,

nO KaKbBb Ha'-li-1Hb C-"" 611111-1 TpeTi-ipaHI-1 BCI-1'-lKI-1 Apyrl-1 CT"EHI-1 Ha UbpKBaTa, A"ETO CTapaTeJJHO Ce e

1136-trBaJJa BC-tKa roJJ-tMa Henp-tK-""CHaTa nJJOCKOCTb, He MOme ,[l,a l-iMa HI-1KaKBO CbMH"EHYie, '-le 1-1 Ta31-1 ~

'-laCTb e 61-1na cHa6.a.eHa Cb .a.sa pe.a.a np030pU1-1, KaKTO e noKa3aHo Bb pecTaspaUI-151Ta Ha Ta611. XIII 2.

(;y;.w,o Y1 OTb CTpaHI-1'-lHHT-t OT,!l,"t11eHI-151 Ha c-tsepb Yl Ha IOfb OTb np-tll,[l,Bepi-ieTO He e 3ana-

3eHO HI-1W.O .a.pyro, ocs-tHb ocHOBHrl. C1-1rypHo e o6a'-le, '-le rB31-1 oT.a.-tneHI-151 He c;y;. HMaJJI-1 .a.pyra

spaTa, ocs-tHb Ta31-1, K051TO BOAI-1 Bb rlxb OTKbMb np-tMBepi-ieTo. Ha BbHWHaTa Cl-1 CT-tHa rl c;y;.

HMaJJI-1 Hai1-MaJJKO no e.a.HHb ron-EMb npo3opeub, HaAb KOHTO ce e HaM1-1pa11o Mome 611 no e.a.Ho

MaJJKO KP-""f110 npo30p'-le, KaKBI-iTO HaMi-ipaMe Ha I-13TO'-lHaTa 1-1 3ana.a.HaTa CT-tHI-1 Ha UbpKBaTa. Bl-1co

'-li-1HaTa Ha rl3H OTA-E11eHH51 (oKono 9 M.) e c;y;.w,o yCTaHoBeHa, 611aro.a.apeH1-1e H~ o6cT051TeJJCTBOTO, '-le

Ha c-tsepHaTa CT-tHa ce 3a6-tn-t3sa 1-1 cera ow,e P-""6bTb, OTb KOHTO e 3ano'-lsanb CBOAbTb Ha CbOT

s-tTHOTO cTpaHH'-lHO OTA"t11eHHe (rn. Ta6n . VI).

HaAJlb}!{HHT-t CTIHI-1 Ha UbPKBaTa (Ta611. XI) .a.o61-1saTb no OTHoweH!-1e Ha cerawHOTO CbCT0-

51HI-1e CbBC-tMb .a.pyrb l-13r11e,!l,b. Cnope.a.b TypcKHT-t np-tnpaBKI-1 Ha UbpKBaTa, Bb BbHWHi-iT-E crlHI-1

Ha CTpaHI-1'-lHHT-t 1<opa611 C-"" ocTaBeHI-1 caMo no .a.sa Ma11KI-1 '-leTBbpTi-iTI-1 npo3opu1-1. Bb pecTaspaUI-151Ta

C-"" noKa3aHI-1 Ha T"t31-1 CT"EHI-1 no neTb r011"tMY1 CBO,!l,eCTI-1 np030pUY1, Bc-tKI-1 e,[l,I-1Hb OTb 1<01-iTO CbOTB-tT

CTByBa Ha no e,[l,I-1Hb OTb npOXO,[l,HT-t Mem.a.y n!-111aCTpY1TI, OT,[l,l>Jl51W,I-1 f11aBHI-151 KOpa6b OTb CTpa

HI-1'-lHHT-t. Tosa H-tw,o He no'-li-1Ba Ha H-EKaKBO np-t.a.nonomeH!-1e, a ce ycTaHOB51Ba Cb no11om!-1TeJJHI-1 cpaKTI-1.

Ha IOmHaTa crlHa Ha Mo.a.epHaTa UbpKBI-1Ua (rn . o6p. 1 1-1 Ta611. 11), Bb n-tso OTb spaTaTa, ce HaMI-1-

paTb .a.sa npo3opeua, KOHTO no cpopMa 1-1 ron-tMHHa OTrosap51Tb HanbJJHO Ha peCTaBp1-1paHI-1T-t Ha

Ta611. XI. Ha C-""Ll.I,OTO TOBa M-tCTO, KaKTO apX1-1TeKTbTb Ha Mo.a.epHaTa UbpKBI-1Ua, r. H. na3apOBb,

1-1Ma 11t06e3HOCTbTa .a.a MY! o651CHI-1, c;y;. ce HaMHpanl-1 .a.sa '-leTBbpTi-iTI-1 TypcKH npo30pU1-1, KOI-1TO ce

Bl-im,[l,aTb 51CHO Bb e.a.Ha no-CTapa cpoTOrpacpH51 (Ta611. Ill). T"t31-1 TypcKI-1 npo3opu1-1 61-1111-1 npo.a.bnmeHI-1

Harop-t, KaTO 6HJJa 0'-ll-iCTeHa TypcKaTa 31-1,!l,apY151, ,!l,O,[l,-tTO Ce CTI-1fHa110 ,[1,0 CTap!-1T-t apKI-1 Ha nbpBOHalJa11-

HI-1TI npo3opu1-1, 3ana3eHH no T031-1 Ha'-l!-1Hb Bb TypcKaTa CT-tHa (cp. 1-1 CTp. 13). Cn-t.a.osaTeJJHO ABaTa Bb

npOCHI-1 np030pU1-1 Bb IO}!{HaHl CTIHa Ha MO,!l,epHaTa UbpKBI-1Ua 0TfOBap51Tb HanbJJHO Ha nbpBOHa'-la11HI-1T-t

npo3opu1-1 Ha UbiJKBaTa Cs. CocpH51. Ha M-tcTOTO Ha .a.pym .a.sa OTb T"E31-1 nbpBoHa'-la11HI1 npo3opu11

c;y;. ,[l,OWJll1 BpaTaTa 11 MallKOTO np030p'-le Bb ,[],eCHO OTb He51, K011TO cera Ce HaM11paTb Ha c;y;.w,aTa

tOmHa crlHa Ha Mo.a.epHaTa UbpKB11Ua . Haii-nocn-t apKaTa Ha neTI151 npo3opeub 111-1'-ll1 .a.o6p-t 11 cera

OW,e Ha B-""Tp-twHaTa CTpaHa Ha c;y;.w,aTa CTIHa, MaKapb '-le Ha HerOBO M-tCTO He e OCTaBeHb HI1Ka

KbBb OTBOpb Bb CT-tHaTa. (;y;.w,OTO H-tw,o 611 Ce KOHCTaT11paJJO 6e3b CbMH"tHI1e 1-1 Bb c-tsepHaTa

crlHa Ha UbpKBaTa Cs. Cocp!-151, aKo T51 61-1 ce O'-li1CTI111a OTb no-KbCHI1T-t TYPCKI1 np-tnpas1<11 1-1 o6JJI1-

UOBKI1. Ho 1-1 6e3b TOBa BCe naKb e,[l,Ha OTb CTapi-irl apKI-1 Ha nbpBOHalJa11H11T"t np030pU11 1111'-ll-1 11

Ha c-tsepHaTa CT-tHa Ha e,[l,HO M-tCTO, ,[1,-tTO TypcKaTa 31-1,!l,ap1151 e 3Ha'-l!-1TeflHO pa3pyweHa (rJJ. CTp. 12).

0THOCI1Te11HO ropH1151 pe.a.·b npo3opu11 Ha Ha,[l,Jlb}!{H11rl CTpaHI1 11Ma .a.a ce 3a6-t11-tm11, '-le T-tx

HaTa cpopMa 11 pa3M"tp11 1111'-laTb MHOfO ,!J,06p1; KaKTO Ha BbHWHaTa, TaKa 11 Ha B-""Tp"EWHaTa CTpaHa

Ha crlH11rl, TbH '-le no T-txHaTa peCTaspaU1151 cnopb He MOme .a.a 11Ma. ()i'.W,OTO H-tw,o sam11 11 3a

3ana.a.HaTa cT-tHa (cpaca.a.aTa) Ha UbpKBaTa (Ta6n. XIII 1), pecTaBp11paHa Bb3b OCHOBa Ha 3ana3eHaTa

H IO}!{Ha n0110BI1Ha, Bb K051TO 51CHO Ce pa3n03HaBaTb BCI1'-lKI1 CTap11 BpaTI1 11 np030pU11, 1<01-iTO nO

KbCHO C-"" 6111111 OT'-laCTI1 3anyweHI1 (rn. CTp. 21).

BbHWHJ-nt crtHH 41

np~1 pecraspali,Y15lTa Ha cpaca,D,aTa ce n05lBY1 Bl..npOCbTb, .o,anH nbpBOHalJaJlHO npt,D,b He5l He

e ce HaM11pana ow,e HtK05l no-HHCI<a npMcrpoi1Ka, 3aMtHeHa nO-I<bCHO Cb AbpBeHara ry;::-c1<a crptxa

(rn. crp. 22), 11n1-1 Cb .o,pyrH AYMH, .o,anH CJKW,HHCKara cpaca.o,a Ha crapara Ll,bpKsa He e ce HaMHpana

nci Ha 3ana.o, b OTb cera wHara, Karo e ocras5lna Mtcro 3a ow,e e.o,Ho sropo npt.o,a.3epHe. 3a y51cHeHHe

Ha TOl¥1 Bbnp:JCb ce npt.o,npHexa pa3KOni<H H npl:..o,b cpaca.o,ara Ha Ll,bpKsara, 13b pe3ynrarb OTb

KOY1TO ce orKpHxa 3H.o,osert, HaHeceHH Ha nnaHa Ha ra6n. IX (rn. H o6p. 26). T -53¥1 3HA~Be 3a >t<anocrb

He .o,asarb 5lCHo npt.o,crasneHHe 3a nocrpOHI<HTt, KOHTO e.o,Ho sptMe c;r;. ce H3A¥JranH TYI<b, rbi1 Karo

rl:, OT4aCTY1 ce yKa3axa CbBbpUJeHO pa3pyweHY1 3ae,D,HO Cb OCHOBHTt, a OT4aCTI1 HtMawe B"L3MO>t<

HOCTb .o,a ce H3cnt.o,sa utnH5lTb repeHb Ha 3ana.o,b orb LJ,bp!<Bara Ha no-rontMo npocrpaHCTBO. 3a

HaCb s·b cny4a5l e OC06HO Ba>t<HO 06CT05lTeJ1CTBOTO, 4e T-5311 3Y1,[1,0Be He MOraTb Ail Q;r;.,D,aTb OTb c;r;.

W,OTO sptMe Cb nocrpoi11<ara Ha LJ,bpKsara 1-1 <Je rt cnt.o,osarenHo HtMaTb HY1W,~ o6w,o Cb Hei1HH51

nbpBOHa<JaneHb nnaHb. Tosa ce BH>t<Aa npt.o,H cCH4l<O orb pa3nM4Hero s"b crpoY1renHH5l Marep11anb, 1)

Ocp. 26.- CT< p11 3Hnose np-tllb Cs. Coqm~.

OTb cna6Y15l 11 He6pt>t<eHb rpa.o,e>tt<a H MarepHana e Bb cny4a5l ronK03b rontMa, Atro He

MO>t<e Y1 .o,a CC MY1CJ1Y1 3a HtKai<BO e,D,HHCTBO nO OTHOWeHHe Ha pa6orara Y1 BptMeTO. fl nOHe>t<e OTb

.o,pyra crpaHa e CbBCtMb 5lBHO, 4e cJKw,ecmysaw,Hrt npt.o,b cpaca.o,ara Ha Ubp!<Bara nocrpoi11<Y1 cJK

6HJ1Y1 Haro.o,eHH cnope,D,b CaMara Ll,bp!<Ba, TO He OCTaBa HHI<ai<BO CbMHtHHe, 4e rt c;r;. OTb nO-I<bCHO

sptMe. KbMb KOi1 crpOHTeneHb nepHOAb w,e rpt6sa .o,a rH npH4HCnHMb, He MO>t<e .o,a ce Ka>t<e cb

nono>t<HTenHOCTb, Tbi1 Karo He ce HaMtpHxa HHI<aKBI1 xapaKrepHH 3a .o,arHpaHe eneMeHTH, na 11 OTb

ca;-.mrt crtHH e 3ana3eHo ronK03b ManKo Htw,o, .o,tro M;r;.4HO MO>t<e .o,a ce npoY13Hece 40BtKb 3a

.o,arara caMo no xapa1<repa Ha rpa.o,e>t<a. Ha sctKH cny4ai1 no-rontMa e stpo5lTHOCTbra, 4e nocrpoi1-

KHTt .o,arHpaTb OTb npt.o,11 rypc1<o sptMe, noHe>t<e Bb rtxb He HaMHpaMe xapaKrepHY15l 3a nbpBY151

rypcKH nepHOAb rpa.o,e>tt<.o,y <JempH ryxnH, a sropH5lTb rypcKH nepHOAb e se<Je

1) SbnpOCHHrt 31-1llOBe C?il. rpaneH:-1 Ca:'-10 OTb l<ilMbH:-11-1 XOpo:aHO., Bb t<OiJTO Hi;Ma npH:v~i;Cb OTb Yyt<aHJ-1 t<epaMHlli-L

Cs Co<jJHo 6

42

TBbp)J,t, KbCeHb, 3a )J,a MOH<e )J,a Ce MI1CJH1 3a HerO np11 nbJlHOTO pa3pyweHI1e Ha BbnpOCHI1n no

CTpOHKI1. no Ta311 npW111Ha Hai1-Bt.p051THO e npt.AnOJlOH<eHI1eTO, '-le Tt.311 nOCTpOHKI1 )J,aT11paTb OTb

BT0p1151 Xp11CTI151HCKI1 CTpOHTeneHb nep110)J,b.

EA11Hb OTb Hai1-TPYAHI1Tt. Bbnpocl1 np11 peCTaspau,I151Ta Ha u,bpKBaTa 6t. BbnpoCbTb 3a nbpBo

Ha'-!anHOTO ycrpoi:iCTso Ha npt.Msep11eTo. KaKTO 113TbKHaxMe np11 HerosoTo on11caH11e (op. 37),

3ana3eHI1 CI'K Ht.KOI1 CJlt.)J,I-1, KOI1TO nOKa3BaTb, '-le TO e 611J10 nbpBOHa'-laJlHO Ha )J,Ba eTaH<a, OTb

KOHTO 11 )J,OJ1Hf151Tb eTaH<b e 611Jlb 3aCBO)J,eHb Cb KpbCTaTI1 CBO)J,OBe. 06a'-!e Ht.MaMe )J,OCTaTb'-IHO

nO)J,p06HI1 yKa3aHI151 11 Cl1rypH11 CJ1t.)J,I1, 3a )J,a yCTaHOBI1Mb 6e3b KOJle6aHI1e Ha'-111Ha Ha 3aCBO)J,51BaHeTO.

Cpt.AH51Ta '-!aCTb Ha npt.Msep11eTo, K051TO OTrosap51 Ha rnaBHI151 Kopa6b, 113rneH<Aa Aa e 611na 3acso

)J,eHa Bb )J,OJlHI-151 eTaH<b Cb Tp11 KpbCTaTI1 CBO)J,a, OTb KOI1TO cpt.AH1151Tb e 611Jlb nO-W11p0Kb, a CTpa

HI1'-IHI1Tt, 3Ha'-111TeJ1HO no-nCHI1. nbpBH51Tb no W11p0'-111Ha e OTrOBap51I1b Ha U,eHTpanHaTa BpaTa (2·90 M.)

KaTo ce e Kpt.nt.nb Bb BbHWHaTa cTt.Ha Ha npt.Msep11eTO • Bbpxy apKaTa Ha Ta311 spaT a. 0cTaHa

Jli1Tt. )J,Ba C/'K n0'-111BaJ111 Ha 'CJKW,aTa CTt.Ha Bbpxy apK11Tt, Ha )J,BaTa CbCt.)J,HI1 Cb BpaTaTa np030peu,a,

Ha KOI1TO Tt. CI'K OTrOBap51I111 11 no W11p0'-111Ha. Ha cpi;w,ynOJlOH<HaTa CTpaHa CBO)J,OBeTt, 611 rpt.6BaJlO

)J,a CTJKnaTb Bbpxy ni1JlaCTp11, KOI1TO )J,a neH<aTb Ha rpaH11U,aTa MeH<)J,Y npt.MBep11eTO 11 rnaBHI151

KOpa6b 11 KOHTO )J,a 6JK)J,aTb pa3nOJlOH<eHI-1 CI1MeTp11'-1HO Ha )J,BaTa ni1JlOHa Ha U,eHTpanHaTa BpaTa.

06a'-!e OTb TaKI1Ba nHJlaCTpl-1 Ht.Ma 3ana3eHI1 a6COJ110THO HI1KaKBI1 CJ1t.)J,I1. H11e BH)J,t.XMe, '-!e np116Jli1311-

TeJ1HO Ha TOBa Mt.CTO, )J,i;TO 611 Tpt.6BaJlO )J,a r11 0'-!aKBaMe, CaMO MaJlKO n0-6Jll130 KbMb OCbTa Ha

u,bpKBaTa, ce HaM11paTb 6a311Tt. Ha ABt. rypc1<11 KOJ10HI1, OTb KOI1TO 113XOH<AaTb KbCHI1 TypcKI1 cTt.HI1

(rn. CTp. 35). no)J,b Tt.311 CTt.HI1 11 6a3H HaM11paMe o6a'-!e naKb oap1151 KaMeHeHb LI,OKbJlb Ha U,bp

KBaTa, '-111eTO np11CJKTCTBI1e Ha TOBa Mt.CTO 51CHO nOKa3Ba, '-le TYKb nbpBOHa'-!aJlHO CI'KW,O Tpt.6sa )J,a Ce

e 113A!1rana Ht.KaKsa nocTpoi:iKa. OcTasa cnt.AoBarenHo )J,a np11eMeMb, '-!e Ha Mt.CTOTO Ha ABt.Tt.

TYPCKI1 KOJlOHI1 CJK ce HaMHpanl1 nbpBoHa'-!anHo ABa rpaAeHI1 OTb Tyxnl1 nl1nacTpa, KOI1TO OTnocnt.

CJK 611n11 CbBbpweHo YHI1W,OH<eHI1. Tt.xHOTO 6e3cnt.)J,HO 113'-IC:3BaHe ce o651CH51Ba Cb TOBa, ye Tt., KaTo

C/'K 611J111 nOCTaBeHI1, KaKTO u,i;naTa rOpH51 nOCTpOi1Ka Ha U,bpKBaTa, BbpXy KaMeHHI151 U,OKbJlb, JleCHO

C/'K MOrJ111 )J,a 6JK)J,aTb OTCTpaHeHI1, 6e3b )J,a OCTaBaTb Ht.KaKBI1 CJlt.)J,H Bbpxy Hero. Bb3b OCHOBa Ha

Tt.311 Cbo6paH<eHI151 e np11eTa pecTaspau,I151Ta, npt.ACTaBeHa Bb nnaHa Ha Ta6n. X 11 Bb pa3pt.3a Ha

Ta6n. XIV 1. no CI'KW,1151 Ha'-111Hb Cb KpbCTaTI1 CBO)J,OBe C/'K 6HJ111 noKp11TI1 )J,OJ1HI1Tt. eTaH<I1 11 Ha )J,Bt.Tt.

CTpaHI1'-IHI1 '-laCTI1 Ha npt.MBep11eTO, KOI1TO OTroBap51Tb Ha CTpaHI1'-IHI1Tt, 1<0pa611 Ha U,bpKBaTa. np11

TOBa Tpt.6sa )J,a Ce 3a6t.nt.H<I1, '-!e BCt.KI1 e)J,I1Hb OTb nony'-leHHTt, no T0311 Ha'-111Hb Ce)J,eMb CBO)J,a Bb

)J,OJ1HI151 eTaH<b Ha npt.MBep11eTO JleH<I1 nO Ha '-!eTHp11 apK11 Cb nbJleHb u,eHTbpb. (11CTeMaTa Ha 3aCBO)J,51-

BaHeTO e CJlt.)J,OBaTeJlHO CJKW,aTa, KaKTO Bb Hanpt.'-1HI151, a He KaKTO Bb rnaBHI151 KOpa6b (rn. CTp. 26 11 29).

ropH1151Th eTaH<b Ha npt.MBep11eTO e 611Jlb 3aCBO)J,eHb Bt.p051THO caMO Cb Tp11 CBO)J,a, OTb

KOHTO cpt.AHI151Tb, KOi1To e oTrosap51nb Ha rnaBHI151 Kopa6b, e 6Hnb nO-BI1COKb. Pa3npt.At.neHI1eTo

Ha npOCTpaHCTBOTO TYKb He n03B0Jl51Ba )J,a np11eMeMb, '-!e C/'K CJKW,eCTByBaJ111 naKb Ce)J,eMb CBO)J,a,

KaKTO Bb )J,OJ1HI151 eTaH<b. noHeH<e TYKb Bb Cpt.)J,H51Ta '-!aCTb BI1C0'-111HaTa e no-ront.Ma (9·50 M. cpi;wy

5·50 M. Bb )J,0J1HI151 eTaH<b), TO BCt.KO e)J,HO OTb Tp11n OT)J,t.JleHI151 Ha npt.MBep11eTO e MOrllO )J,a 6JK)J,e

3aCBO)J,eHO CaMO Cb nO e)J,I1Hb CBO)J,b, nOCTaBeHb Ha )J,Bt, apK11 Cb nbJleHb U,eHTbpb. no)J,06HO Ht.W,O

Bb )J,OJ1HI151 eTaH<b He e 611J10 Bb3MOH<HO, TbH KaTO np11 W11p0'-111Ha OTb 6·75 M. 11 BI1C0'-111Ha CaMO

OTb 5"50 M. e 611no HeMI1CJ111MO )J,a ce noCTp051Tb HYH<HI1Tt, ap1<11 Cb nbneHb u,eHTbpb. ETa Koe e

HaKapanO CTp011TeJ151 )J,a Cl1 nOCI1YH<I1 Cb e)J,HO pa3'-IJleHeHI1e Ha npOCTpaHCTBOTO Bb )J,0J1HI151 eTaH<b,

KaTO e np116t.rHaJ1b )J,O nOMOW,bTa Ha BTOpOCTeneHHI1Tt, Tt.CHI1 11 )J,bJlrl1 CBO)J,OBe.

MaKapb '-!e CBOAOBeTt. Ha ropH1151 eTaH<b Ha npt.Msep11eTo CJK CJKWO Cb6opeHI1, 1) see naKb

MOH<e )J,a ce np11eMe Cb nonOH<11TeJ1HOCTb, '-!e 11 Tt. CJK 611n11 KpbcTaTI1 (rn. 11 CTp. 38). Ho noHeH<e

1) 8b MOll.epHaTa UbpKBI-!Ua CBOllOBerE KaKTO Ha

.uonHHII, TaKa 11 Ha ropH~-tll eTa)!{b Ha np-tllllBep~-teTo CrK

3ana3eHH, HO c?K ~-t3Ma3aHH Cb 11e6enb nnacTb Ma3~-tnKa

11 nocnt, 6ol!llHCaHH. no Ta3H np~-tYHHa He M~-t 6-twe

Bb3M0)!{H0 11a yCTaHOBn, 11anH T-t3H CBOllOBe C?K Hai-!CTI-!Ha

nbpBOHaYanHI-frE, HflH np0113X0)!{llaTb OTb nO-KbCHO

ap-t Me. 3aTosa n p:-1 peCTaspau~-ti!Ta Ha n p-tllllBep~-teTo Tt,

C?K B3eTI-f CaMO Ha BTOpO M-tCTO Bb BHI-!MaH~-te.

B"'Tpt.wHHHTb H3rnenb 43 ----- _____ -_-_ -··· =====

,!J,Bt,Tt, 11Mb CTpaHH CaMO GK nemam1 Bbpxy apKH, a ApyrHrl ,[J,Bt, Bbpxy XOpH30HTaJlHH nJJOCI<OCTH

(npO,[J,bJl}!{eHHeTO OTb CT"tH1·1Tt, Ha rJJaBHI151 11 CTpaHHYHI1Tt, 1<0pa611), TO HaYI1HbTb Ha 3aCBO,[J,51BaHeTO

e 611Jlb T0311, I<Oiho e ynoTp"t6eHb 11 Bb rJJaBHI151 1<0pa6b (rn. CTp. 29).

KaTo MI1HasaMe cera KbMb s;;Hp"twHOTO ycTpo~kTBO Ha U.bpKsaTa, Ha nbpso M-tcTo HMa ,[J,a

KameMb H"tKOJJKO AYMI1 3a nbpsoHaYaJJHI151 11 no,!J,b. To?i 6t, OTKp11Tb np11 pa3KOnK11rl Ha ,!J,bn6o

YI1Ha OKOJJO 65 CM. no,!J,b TypcKHSI no,!J,b Cb weCTOJKrbJJH11T"t

TYXJ111. ront.Ma YaCTb OTb nbpBOHaYaJlHI151 nO,[I,b e 611Jla

pa3pyweHa ow,e no-paHo, rnasHO nopaAH Hanpasa Ha rpo-

6ose B.lKTpt, Bb U,bpKBaTa, 3a KOeTO w,e 11MaMe CJlyYaH ,!J,a

rOBOp11Mb nO-,[J,QJlt,, np11 BCe TOBa 3HaYI1TeJlHI1 YaCTH,

1<011TO, ,!J,OI<OJli<OTO 6-twe Bb3MO»<HO, Ce 3ana311Xa 11 CJJ"t,!J,b

pa3KOnKI1rl, Ce HaM11paxa OW,e Bb OTJ111YHO CbCTOSIHI1e 11

no3BOJJ5tsaxa ,[J,a ce npocn"tA11 noAp06Ho HerosaTa Hanpasa.

Ha?i-,!J,on-t HaM1;1paMe np"tA11 BCHYKO e,[J,I1Hb nnacTb OTb o611KHO

seHI1 p"tYHI1 KaMbHI1, HacnaraHH e,lJ,I1HbAO APYrb 6e3b xopocaHb,

Ha Ae6eni1Ha OKano 15 eM. Cn"t,!J,b TOBa 11,1J,e e,!J,I1Hb nnacTb

CaMO OTb XOpOCaHb Cb TpOWeHI1 ,[J,OCTa Ha e,!J,pO KepaMI1,[1,11,

,[J,e6enb · oKono 18 CM., onopt, CbBbpweHo 3arna,[J,eHb. Bbpxy

T0311 nnacTb c;;:. 611n11 noCTaseHI1 ron"tM11 YeTBbpTHTI1 Tyxnl1,

Kai<BI1TO CJK ynoTp-t6eHI1 11 np11 nOCTpOHI<aTa Ha CaMaTa U,bp!<Ba,

a Bbpxy T"tXb e Cil"t,[J,BaJla HaCH1Jll<a OTb pa3HOU,B"tTHI1 Mp51-

MOpH11 nJJOYI<I1, ,[J,e6e.lll-1 OTb 1·5-2·5 CM., 1<011TO CJK 611J111

Hape,[J,eHI1 s"tpdSlTHO Bb pa3HI1 reoMeTp11YeCI<I1 qmryp11, TbH Ye

c;;:. o6pa3ysaJJI1 H"tw,o KaTo aneKcaHAp11HCI<a M03ai1Ka (opus

sectile). napYeTa OTb T"t311 Mp5lMOpH11 nnOYI<I1 Ce HaM"tp11Xa

06p. 27. - nnaHb Ha Cs. Co¢HH cnopenb TopHbOBb.

np11 pa3KOni<I1Tt, Bb u,eHTpaJJHI15l 1<0pa6b. no ¢opMa Tt, CJK YeTBbpT11TH 11Jll1 Tp11.lKrbJlHI1 Cb pa3Ha

ron"tM11Ha. Cp-tw.a ce 6-tnb e,[J,p03bpHeCTb MpS!MOpb, yepseHb CI1TH03bpHeCTb MpS!MOpb Cb TbHKH

TbMHI1 }!{11Jll<l1 (rOSSO antico) 11 YepseHb CI1TH03bpHeCTb Cb ,[J,e6eJJI1 6"tn11 11 TbMHI1 }!{11Jll<l1 (¢p11r11HCI<H

MpS!MOpb). Bb u,"tJJ1151 n"tsb CTpaHI1YeHb Kopa6b nO,!J,bTb 6-twe CbBbpweHo pa3pyweHb, TbH Ye TYKb

HaCI1nbTb OTI1sawe Henp"tKJKCHaTo Ha ront.Ma AbJJ60YI1Ha. Me»<AY n11naCTp11rl o6aYe, K011TO OTA-t

06p. 28. - Hannb>t<eHb H3rnenb Ha Cs. CocjlHH cnopenb TopHbOBb.

JlSITb CTpaHI1YHI151 1<0pa6b OTb

rnasHI151, nnaCTbTb OTb xopocaHb

e 3ana3eHb ow,e MHoro A06pt,.

CaMo Ye TOH TYKb He e cno

meHb sbpxy nnaCTb OTb p-tY

HH KaMbHI1, a Henocp"t,!J,CTBeHO

Bbpxy KaMeHHI151 U,OI<bJlb nO,[J,b

ni1JlaCTp11Tt,, I<OHTO e npas"tJJb

113Jli1WHa ApyraTa KaMeHHa nO,lJ,

JlO}!{I<a.

Bbpxy nbpsoHaYanHaTa ,[J,eKopau,l151 Ha CT"tH11rl He Mome ,[J,a ce Kame nOYTI1 HI1W.O Cb nono

»<11TeJJHOCTb. Ha11CTI1Ha, KaKTO cnoMeHaxMe seYe no-rapt, (CTp. 15 11 28), Ha H"t1<o11 M-tCTa c;;:. 3ana3eHH

CJJ"t,!J,11 OTb cppeCKI1. 06aye Tt, CJK TBbp,[J,t, He6p"t»<HO 113nbJJHeHH 11 np0113XO»<,[J,aTb Cl1rypHO OTb

TBbp,[J,t, l<bCHa enoxa. np11 pa3KOnKI1Tt, Ce HaM"tp11Xa Bb Ha:.:11na ,[J,pe6HI1 napYeTa OTb ¢peCKI1 Ha

H"ti<OJli<O M"tCTa. 0Tb T"tXb CaMO ,!J,Bt, 11MaTb nO-CTap11HeHb xapaKTepb 11 HanOMHSITb TBbp,[J,t, MHOrO

H"tKOH OTb CTapo6bnrapCK11T"t ¢pec1<11 Ha Tpane311u,a Bb TbpHoso 11n11 Bb 6o5tHCKaTa u,bpKsa, np11-

ni1CBaHI1 o611KHOseHo Ha Tp11Ha,[J,eceTOTo CTon"tT11e. T"t311 ¢parMeHTI1 o6aYe c;;:. TOJJK03b He3HaYI1TeJJHI1,

W,OTO He e Bb3MO»<HO ,!J,a Ce npaBSITb HI1Kai<BI1 3ai<JliOYeHI151 Bbpxy aHCaM6bJJa, OTb I<OHTO Tt, np0113-

44 nbpBOHa~anHH~Tb BHllb Ha UbpKBaTa

xom,n,aTb. CaMo TOJli<03b MO>t<e ,n,a ce Ka>t<e, Ye Ll,bpKBaTa Bb nO-KbCHO Bpi>Me e 61-1na 3orpaqmcBaHa

HaH-MaJli<O nOHe ,[l,Ba n.li'.TI-1. 0THOCI-1TeJlHO HaH-CTapaTa ,D,e!<Opall,l-151 Ha CTIHHTi> MO>t<e CaMO ,D,a Ce

3a6i>Jli>>t<l-1, Ye T51 e,n,Ba Jll-1 w,e ,D,a Ce e CbCT051Jla Bb M03al-11<1-1, TbH KaTO CJlb,[l,l-1 OTb Ti>Xb, 61-1!10 no-

--"

06p. 29. 3ananeHb H3rnenb Ha Cs. Cocjmst cnopenb TopHbOBb.

roni>MI-1 napYeTa, 61-1no OTAi>IlHI-1 Ka-

MbYeTa, He ce 3a6i>ni>3BaTb HHTO no

CTi>HHTi>, Hi-1TO nblpHXa npi-1

pa3KOnKHTi> Bb Hac1-1na. He e i-131<Jli0-

4eHa CJli>,D,OBaTeJlHO Bb3MO>t<HOCTbTa ,n,a

Ce npHeMe, Ye nbpBOHa4aJlHO CTi>hHTi>

Ha Ll,bp!<BaTa He C.li'. HMaJll-1 HHI<ai<Ba

• ,n,pyra ,n,eKopall,l-151, a C.li'. 61-1!11-1 npoCTo

I-13Ma3aHH Cb yepBeHHI<nBb xopocaHb,

CMi>CeHb Cb CYyKaHI-1 CbBCi>Mb Ha CI-1T

HO KepaMH,[l,l-1,.. , ai<O Bb06w,e Ta3H

Ma31-1Jll<a, Cili>,D,I-1 OTb 1<051TO C.li'. 3ana3eHI-1 Ha Hi>I<OJli<O Mi>CTa, MO>t<e ,n,a ce C41-1Ta 3a HaH-CTapa

(rn. CTp. 32 en.).

Hai:i-nocn-5 OCTaBa ,n,a Ka>t<eMb Hi>KOJli<O AYMI-1 1-1 Bbpxy nbpBoHaYaJlHI-151 noKpHBb. Bi>po51THO

e, ye Ll,bpKBaTa nbpBoHatJanHo e 61-1na noKpHTa Cb roni>MI-1 Kopy6eCTI-1 KepaMH,D,I-1, no,n,o6HH Ha T-531-1,

I<Oi-1TO ,[l,O C!<OpO 6i>xa y HaCb e,D,HHCTBeHO Bb ynoTpi>6eHHe 1-1 Cb Kai<Bi-1TO e HanpaBeHa H no-ron-5-

MaTa YaCTb OTb Mo,n,epHi-151 noKpHBb Ha Ll,bpKBaTa. CaMo ye CTapHTi> KepaMHAH w,e ,n,a C.li'. 61-1!11-1 3Ha-

4HTenHo no-roni>MI-1, ,[J,bJlrl-1 ,D,O 60 CM. 1-1 W1-1p01<1-1 01<0!10 20-30 CM., Kai<Bi-1TO 6i>xa HaMi>peHI-1 np1-1

CTa poxp1-1CTI-151HCI<aTa 6a31-1Jll-11<a Ha XHcapc!<aTa Kpi>nOCTb Bb nnoB,[l,I-1BCI<0. 1)

HanpaBeHH51Tb TYI,n,~--1 ,n,eceTHHa ro,n,HHI-1

apxHTei<TbTb R. TopHbOBb~) 6t, HanpaBHJlb e,n,HHb no,n,o-

6eHb onHTb, KOHTO 3acny>t<aBa Hi>KOJli<O AYI":I-1. H1-1e Bb3-

np01-13Be>t<,n,aMe TYIKOI-1 OTb CI<HLJ,HTi> Ha

TopHbOBa, 3a ,n,a ce BI-1A~1 no-51CHO, Bb Kai<BO ce CbCTOI-1 pa3Jli-1-

KaTa Ha ,n,Bi>Ti> peKOHCTPYKLJ,I-11-1. ToBa, KOeTo Ha npbBb no

rne,n,b Be,n,Hara ce XBbpi151 Bb 041-1, e He TOJli<03b HeTOY

HOCTbTa Bb o6w,1-151 nnaHb Ha Ll,bpKBaTa y TopHbOBa (o6p.

27), I<OJli<OTO norpi>WHOTO noCTaB51He Ha BpaTHrE 1-1 npo-

30pL1,1-1Ti> Bb HeroBHrl CI<HLJ,I-1. Tbi<MO 3a Ti>3H no,n,po6HOCTI-1

C.li'. 3ana3eHH 1-1 np1-1 cerawHOTO CbCT051HHe Ha Ll,bpKBaTa

06p. 30 - l-13ro~eHb H3rnenb Ha Cs. CocpH5t

cnopenb TopHbOBb.

,[l,OCTaTb4HO yKa3aHI-151, I<Oi-1TO B_H,[l,l-1 ce He C.li'. 61-1!11-1 BHHMaTeJlHO i-13nOil3YBaHI-1 OTb TopHbOBa. 3a ,n,a

ce He cnHpaMb TYIt<e

HHTi> cpoTorpacpi-11-1 Ha Ll,bpKBaTa (Ta6n. II-VII), np1-1 YHeTo cpaBHeHHe Cb CKHLJ,HTi> Ha TopHbOBa 1-13-

nbKBaTb Be,D,Hara rp-bWI<HTi> Bb Ti>3H nOCJli>,[l,HHTi>.

1) rn. 6. <PHnOBb, l-138. Ha 6bnr. apx. npy»<. II.

1911, 131 3a6.

::) ilpesHexpHCTHIIHCKHH xpaMb Cs. Coqm>~, Bb

•

CnHC. Ha HH»<eH -apXHT. npy»<. VI. 1901, 128:.;...131. rn. 3a

Ta3H CTaTH51 6i;n'5»<KHT'5 Ha Fl. n p 0 T H ~ b, Cs. 'CocpH51,

CTp. 36-41.

fleKopaTHB~HrS eneMeHTH 4:>

2. XapaKTepb Ha nbpBOHa4aJ1HaTa nocTpot1Ka.

Cni>Ab KaTo ce omnaxMe AO TYKb, rnaBHO Cb noMOW,bTa Ha peCTaspa1..1,1111Ti> 11 nnaHoser-5,

Aa AaAeMb nO Bb3MO}f{HOCTb nO-nbnHO 11 nO-T04HO npi>ACTaBneH!1e 3a nbpBOHaYanHI151 113rneAb Ha

l..l,bpKsara Cs. Cocp1151, rp-56sa cera Aa B11A11Mb, KaKBI1 Cl'h 611n11 o6w,I151Tb xapaKrepb 11 oco6eHOCTI1Ti>

KaKTO Ha nnaHa, TaKa 11 Ha ropH51Ta noCTpol'1Ka Ha ra111 l..l,bpKsa . .[l,oCTaTbYHO e Aa}f{e 11 eAHO no

BpbXHOCTHO cpaBHeH!1e Ha peCTaBpa1..1,1111Ti> Cb cpOTOrpacp1111Ti> OTb ceraWHOTO nonO}f{eHHe, 3a Aa ce

B11A11 BeAHara, KOnKo roni>Ma e pa3ni1KaTa Me}f{AY nbpBOHaYanHara noCTpol'1Ka 11 rosa, Koero cera e

3ana3eHo. Hal'1-Ao6p-5 113TbKBa rosa Hi>w,o np11 cpacaAaTa.

6naroAapeHI1e Ha Cb6opeHI1Ti> cera CTpaHI14HI1 OTAi>neHI151, nbpBOHa~anHaTa cpacaAa e 11Malla

MHoro no-3aBbpweHb BI1Ab, MHoro no-crpora apxHTeKTOHCKa cpopMa. Karo Hi>K051 n11paM11Aa ce

113A11ra T51, OTb KpaHW,aTa KbMb Cpi>AaTa, BCe nO-BI1COKO 11 nO-BI1COKO, BCi>Ka YaCTb CaMa 3a ce6e Cl1

11 see naKb nOA411HeHa Ha o6w,11r-B KOHryp11, KOI1TO on11csarb noYTI1 eA11Hb rp111'hrbnHI1Kb. Ha Cl'h

w,ara 11Ae51, K05HO ce !1Wa351.B~ Bb CTpi>MneHI1eTO KbMb eAHa KynMI1Ha1..1,110HHa T04Ka, e nOA411HeHO

11 pa3npi>Ai>n51Hero Ha npo3op1..1,11Ti>: n11ncsaw,11 Bb Kpal':iw,ara, r-5 ce ysenHYaBaTb 11 pa3BI1BaTb, KOnKOTO

noseye OTHBaMe KbMb cpi>AaTa 11 Bbpxa Ha cpacaAaTa.

npo30p1..1,11Ti> CbCTaB51Tb eAI1HCTBeHI1Ti> AeKopaTI1BHI1 eneMeHTI1 11 Ha ApyrHT-5 CTi>HI1 Ha 1..1,bpK13aTa ,

H11KaKBI1 cnO}f{HI1 npocp11n11, HHKaKBH 113nl'hKHanl1 YaCTI1 He HapywasaTb ryKb cnoKOHHara 11 npoCTa

xapMOHI151 Ha ni1HI111Ti>. H11ro eAI1Hb KaMbKb, HI1TO eAHa cpopMa He e nocraBeHa caMo 3apaA11 AeKo

paTHBeHb ecpeKTb: HanpOTI1Bb, BCi>KO Hi>W,O Cl1 11Ma CB051Ta OpraHI14eCKa Bpb3Ka Cb l..l,i>nOTO, K051TO

npo113n1Ya Henocpi>ACTBeHo OTb Herosoro KOHcrpyKTI1BHO npi>AHa3HaYeH!1e. TaKa Hanp. apKHT-5 Bbpxy

BpaTHT-5 11 np030p1..1,11Ti>, KOI1TO He C/'h n11weH11 OTb 113Bi>CTeHb AeKOpaT!1BeHb ecpeKTb, Ce 51B51BaTb no

He06XOA11MOCTb OTb OC06HOTO Hape}f{AaHe Ha ryxn11Ti>, npi>AI13BI1KaHO OTb 411CTO KOHCTpyKTI1BHI1

Cbo6pa}f{eHI151.

Cl'hw,ara xapaKTep11CTI1Ka Ba}f{l1 11 3a Bl'hTpi>wHOCTbTa Ha l..l,bpKsara. 11 TYKb naKb n11ncsarb

KaKBI1TO 11 Aa 611n0 Cn0}f{HI1 np0cp11n11 11 OTAi>nHI1 AeKopaTI1BHI1 eneMeHT11. nocTpOHKaTa e rp-56sano

Aa Ai>HCTByBa 113Kni0411TenHO 4p-53b xapMOHI151Ta Ha ni1HI111Ti> 11 pa3npi>Ai>n51HeTO Ha npOCTpaHCTBOTO.

Ero 3aw,o BCI14KO e cseAeHo AO Hal':i-npoCTHT-5 cpopM11 11 nnocKOCTI1. He caMo CTp011TenHI151Tb MaTe

pHanb He e 113nOn3yBaHb AeKOpaTI1BHO, KaKTO Bb KbCHI1Ti> Bl13aHTI1HCKI1 nOCTpOHKI1, HO Bb l..l,bpKBaTa

Ca. Cocp1151 n11ncsarb 11 OHI151 KpbCTOCBaHI151 Ha ni1HI111Ti>, KOI1TO orsap51Tb nepcneKTI1BHI1 113rneA11 Cb

pa3HO ocs-BrneHHe, Karo CBbp3BaTb no-r-EcHo OTAi>nHHT-5 YaCTI1 Ha l..l,bpKBaTa no Me}f{AY 11Mb. TyKb

sc-5KI1 eAHHb OTb Kopa611ri> e HanbnHo caMOCT051TeneHb 11 3asbpweHb Bb ce6e c11. Bb nbnHa xap

MOHI151 Cb T0311 06W,b xapaKTepb Ha l..l,bpKBaTa Ce HaM11pa 11 nl1nCaTa Ha KaKBI1TO 11 Aa 611n0 KOnOHI1,

KOI1TO 611xa np11nan11 no-roni>Ma neKOCTb 11 rpa1..1,1151 Ha nocrpol'1KaTa. KonoHHT-5 Cl'h 3aMi>HeHI1 Cb

MaCI1BHI1 YeTBbpT11TI1 CTbn6ose, 6e3b 6a311 11 Kan11ren11, CKa4eHI1 CaMO Cb apK11 nOMe}f{AY Cl1, nbn

HOTO eAH006pa311e Ha MaTep11ana, KaKTO 11 CTpOrHT-5 apX11TeKTOHCKI1 cpOpM11 npaB51Tb sneYaTneHI1e,

KaTO Ye n11 l..l,bpKBaTa e 113ni>Ha 1131..1,-5no CaMO OTb eA11Hb Kanbnb, HO Bb C/'hll.I,OTO Bpi>Me H np11Aa

BaTb OC06Ha MOHyMeHTanHOCTb 11 COn11AHOCTb,

Bb BCI14KI1 r-5311 oco6HOCTI1 Ha l..l,bpKBaTa np0311pa eAHa cMi>na 11Ae51, eAHa c11nHa 11HA11BI1-

AYanHOCTb, K051TO rp-56sa Aa np11ni1WeMb Ha HeHHI151 apX11TeKTb. np11 roni>Mo TeXHI14eCKO CbBbp

weHCTBO, l..l,bpKBara Cs. Cocp1151 e 113nbnHeHa Cb OH51 CMi>nb 11 eneMeHrapeHb 3aMaXb, xapaKrepeHb )

3a enOXI1Ti> Cb3AaTenKI1 Ha HOBI1 11Ae11, KOraTO TBOp4eCTBOTO He Ce ry611 Bb 6e3KpaHHaTa pa3pa-

60TKa Ha AeTaHnHT-5, HO OTI1B& npaBO 11 Henocpi>ACTBeHO KbMb l..l,i>nbTa, KaTO Yepn11 BAbXHOBeH!1e

CaMO Bb OpraHI14eCKI1 He06XOA11MOTO 11 Ce CTapae Aa CTI1rHe HaH-rOni>MI1Ti> Bb3MO}f{HI1 ;;e3ynTaTI1 Cb

HaH-ManbKb pa3XOAb OTb cpi>ACTBa 11 spi>Me. Pa3rneAaHa OTb rosa 411CTO cpopManHo rneAHw,e, l..l,bp

KBaTa Cs. Cocp1151 npas11 sneYaTneHHe Ha eAHa np11MI1TI1BHa 3a csoero spi>Me nocrpol'1Ka. Ho Bb

Ta311 np11B11AHa np11MI1TI1BHOCTb Ce Kp1151Tb 3apOAI1W11Ti> Ha eAHO 3ApaBO CTp011TenHO 113KYCTBO, CnO-

I

J

,,

,,

46

C06HO aeye )J,a pa3p-5waaa HaH-TPYAHv!T-5 npo611eM11, Ha I<OeTO 1111ncaa CaMO e)J,HO npO)J,bJl>KI1Te11HO

CbCp-5AOTOYaaaHe ab ce6e Cl1, 3a )J,a 11Ma ap-5Me )J,a pa3a11e ac-5t<a e)J,Ha OTb Ca011T-5 cpopM11. Ero

3aw,o TYIKHOTO, I<OI<eTHOTO, rosa t<OeTo n0411Ba Ha Abnrorpai1HI1 np-5cM-5TaHI151 11 t<OM-

611HaU,I1H 11 I<OeTO HOCH OTneLJaTbl<a Ha TbpCeHOTO 11 Ha H31<YCTBeHOTO, Bb06w,e Ha aCI141<0 OHOBa,

I<OeTO xapat<TepH311pa 1131<YCTBOTO Bb !<past Ha e)J,I1Hb )J,bJlbrb nepHO)J,b OTb HerOBOTO pa3aHTI1e, np-5)],11

)J,a ce n051B51Tb HOBH H)J,el1 H HaCOI<H, t<OHTO )J,a np-5AH3BHI<aTb Herosoro ab3pam)J,aHe. Llbpt<aara Ca.

CocpHst npHHa)J,neml1 cnt.AosarenHo He Ha crapyeCK11st, a Ha MJla)J,eHLJect<Hst nep110)J,b OTb pa3BI1T11eTo

Ha e)J,Ha crpoHrenHa enoxa H 3arosa Hei1HOTO ab3)J, l;!1craHe Bbpxy 3pHrenst, np11 aCHYI<ara npocrora

ii

I .. w ~ ~ ~ . .. ~ . 1.:;.:-::.:::•·::.::::~;::·•:,~·.,.:::a::•:::t':·• ::;: ·.T:·.I

,~=:::::::.·:·::.·::·:: .. :.:::·.:::::::·.

06p. 31. - nnaHb Ha Ce. CoqJHSI Bb Uap~-trpanb

(cnopenb Holtzinger, Rltchristl. und byzant. Baukunst).

Ha cpopM11T-5 11 rpa)J,e>Ka, H-5Ma )J,a 6;;r;)J.e HI1I<Ora

no-cna6o, OTI<OJli<OTO Ha OH-5311 nOCTpOHI<I1, I<OHTO

np-5ACTaBSI'fb HaH-BHC::I<aTa TOYI<a Bb XYAO>KeCTBe

HOTO raopLJecrso Ha e)J,Ha enoxa. 3aw,oro Ca. CocpHst

Cb)J,bp>Ka aCHYI<H OHH51 >KI1BOTOCnOC06HI1 eJleMeH111,

Ha t<OI1TO e norp-56Ho caMo apt.Me, 3a )J,a ce

pa3aHstTb 11 )J,a )J,a)J,aTb OT11114HI1 pe3ynraTH .

EAHa OTb Hal1-xa pat<repHHT-5 oco6HOCTH

Ha Ca. Cocp1151 e ron-5MI1HaTa H 113061111Hero Ha

npo3opu,11rt.. 06aLJe norp-5wHo 611 611110 )J,a ce

MI1CJlH, Ye T-5 611xa )J,a1111 Yp-53M-5pHO OCa-5TJleHI1e

Ha Hei1HaTa s;;r;rpt.wHoCTb. KaKTO not<a3BaTb MHO

ro6po!1HH aHanorHLJHH npHM-5p11, w,e rp-56sa

)J,a np11eMeMb, LJe ab npo3opu,vn-5 Ha u,bpt<BaTa

nbpBOHaYaJlHO CJl'\ 6HJ1H nOCTaaeHI1 Mp51MOpHH pe

WeTI<I1 cb Ma111<11 t<p;;r;rnH 11111-1 YeTBbpT11TH AY111<11,

3aTBOpeHI1 Cb np03pc· 4HH Clbi<Jla. no T03H HaYHHb

Bb U,bpt<BaTa CB-5TJl11HaTa e npOHHI<BaJla ab TBbpAt,

OrpaHHYeHI1 pa3M-5p11.

Karo MI1HaaaMe cera t<bMb oco6HOCTI1rl ab

nJlaHa Ha U,bpt<aaTa, Ha nbpBO M-5CTO 11MaMe )J,a

OT6-5Jl-5>KI1Mb JlHnCaTa Ha )J,B-5Tt, no-MaJli<H OT)J,-5-

1leHI151 OTCTpaHI1 Ha anCI1)J,aTa, 1<011TO xapat<TepH3H

paTb al13aHTHHCI<HT-5 U,bpt<BH. Bb HaWH51 CJlyYaH,

BM-5CTO T-53H )J,B-5 OT)J,-5JleHI151, HaMHpaMe e)J,HO yro

Jl-5MstBaHe Ha anCI1AaTa nocp-5ACTBOMb nemaw,ero

MeH<AY He51 H Hanp-54HH51 1<0pa6b YeTBbpTHTO npo

CTpaHCTBO, I<OeTO Ce 51B51Ba t<aTO npO)J,bJl>KeHHe Ha

rnaaHHst t<opa6b, Ta3H oco6HOCTb Ha U,bpt<aara,

3ae)J,HO Cb t<pbCTOBI1)J,HaTa H cpOpMa, 1<051TO Ce o6-

pa3yaa OTb np-5CI1YaHeTO Ha rnaBHI151 1<0pa6b Cb

Hanp-5YHI151, e rJlaBHaTa npi-t411Ha, W,OTO nJlaHbTb

Ha npbab norneAb )J,a npas11 aneYarneHHe t<aro Aa e Ha H-51<051 poMaHCI<a, a He Ha BH3aHTI1HCI<a u,bpt<aa.

Cxoncrsoro Ha Cs. CocpHst Cb poMaHCI<11T-5 u,bpt<BH He OTHBa o6aYe no-AaneYb OTb rl3H Ha sct.1<11

CJlyYaH TBbpAt, Xapat<TepH11 OC06HOCTI1 Bb nJlaHa, Cb Yl1eTO np0113XO>K)J,eHHe w,e HMaMe CJlyYaH )J,a ce

3aHI1MaeMb no)J,p06HO nO-AOJl-5.

0THOCHTe11HO CHCTeMaTa Ha 3aCBOA51BaHero Ha Ca. CocpHst HMa Aa 3a6-5n-5mHMt-. ye Ha Aaara

1<pbCTaTI1 CaOAa Bb rnaaHI151 !<Opa6b OTrOBapstTb no Tp11 t<pbCTaTH CBOAa Bb CTpaHHYHHrl ROpaDH.

Cnt.AOBarenHo eAHHT-5. He ce HaM11parb Bb onp-5A-5JleHa Bpb3t<a Cb ApyrHrl, TbH t<aro Ha ac-5t<H

CBOAb ab r1laBHI151 1<0pa6b OTrOBapstTb eA11Hb H nOJlOBI1Ha Bb CTpaHI14HHT-5 1<0pa611. Bb TOBa OTHO-

Oco6HOCTH Ha nnaHa 47

weHI-!e CI-!CTeMara Ha 3acao.o,s!BaHeTO Ha U,bpKBara Ca. Cocp!-!S! ce pa3Jll-!'-laaa pi>3KO KaKro OTb TbH

Hape4eHaTa CBbp3aHa CI-!CTeMa Bb pOMaHCKI-ISI CTI-!Jlb, .o,i>TO Ha BCi>KI-1 KpbCTaTb CBO,D,b Bb rnaBHI-ISI

1<0pa6b OTrOBapS!Tb TO'-IHO no ,D,Ba CBO,D,a Bb CTpaHH'-IHHTh KOpa61-!, TaKa H OTb nO-KbCHaTa CI-ICTeMa

Ha 3aCBO,D,S!BaHe, Koraro, Cb roni>Moro pa3BI-ITHe Ha KpbcTaTHSI CBOAb, e 6Hllb ycbBbpweHcrayaaHb H

Ha'-!HHbTb 3a 3aCBO)J,S!BaHeTO Ha npO)J,bJlrOBaTH npocrpaHCTBa, TbH '-!e '-IHCJlOTO Ha CBO)J,OBeri:, Bb rna

BHHSI KOpa6b ce e H3paBHHJ10 Cb '-IHCJlOTO HMb Bb CTpa

HH'-IHHTi> Kopa6H. HaHCTHHa, Ha crpoHrenHri> Ha Ca. CocpHS!

He e 6HJlb CbBCi>Mb Hen03HaTb Ha'-!HHbTb 3a 3aCBO)J,SIBaHe

Ha npO)J,bJlrOBaTI-1 npocrpaHCTBa, KaKTO TOBa Ce BH>I<)J,a OTb

HerOBOTO 1-!3n0113YBaHe npH 3aCBO,IJ,S!BaHeTO Ha )J,OJlHHSI era>lA,D,BepHeTO (rll. CTp. 42). 06a'-!e TbKMO Ha TOBa Mi>CTO

Ce 3a6i:,ni>3Ba roni>Ma Heyai>peHOCTb 1-1 HeSICHOCTb Bb KOH

crpyKU,HS!Ta, OTAi>To ce BH»<Aa, '-!e 3a crpoHrenHri> Ha Ca.

CocpHS! Hanpaaara Ha npo.o,bnroaarH KpbCTaT!-1 CBOAOBe e 6Hna

ow,e Hi>w,o Heo6HKHOBeHo. Ero 3aw,o Bb BCH'-IKH ApyrH '-!aCTH

Ha U,bpKBaTa np03Hpa SICHO TeH)J,eHU,I-IS!Ta, CBO)J,OBeTi> )J,a Ce

nocraBS!Tb no Bb3MO>I<HOCTb Bbpxy KBaAparHa OCHOBa. Ta3H

e 61-1na npH4HHara, w,oro Bb rnaBHI-ISI Kopa6b Aa ce Hanpa

BS!Tb )J,Ba, a Bb crpaHH'-IHHTi> - no rpH CBOAa, 6e3b KaKBOTO

H )J,a 61-1110 YMHwneHo crpi>MJleHHe )J,a ce nocraBS!Tb eAHHTi>

~ i: \_]~ i• i !... . . l•: ··--->,. .... 0:: -··

......... l ___ .. ____ .... ___ l .... .. .

CBO)J,OBe cnpi>MO ApyrHTi> Bb onpi>Ai>lleHa Bpb3Ka, TbH '-!e 06P· 32• - nnaHb Ha Cs. CocjJHS! Bb ConyHb (cnopellb Holtzinger, FlltchristL ';nd

e)J,HH H C.:KW,H nHnacrpH Aa cny»<aTb C.:Kw,eapi>MeHHO 3a no)J,- byzant. Baukunst).

nOpKa Ha apKHTi> KaKTO Bb rnaBHHSI, TaKa H Bb CTpaHH'-IHHTi>

KOpa6H. Toea Hi>w,o HAe ,D,a nOTBbpAH ow,e e)J,I-!Hb n.:KTb H3Ka3aHHSI no-ropt, (crp. 46), Bb3b OCHOBa

Ha ApyrH Cbo6pa»<eHHSI , Bb3rne.o,b, '-!e U,bpKaara Ca. CocpHS! npi>AcTaBSI e.o,Ha ow,e Mna.o,eH'-!eCKa cpa3a

OTb CTpOHTeJlHaTa enoxa, Ha KOSITO TSI n pHHa)J,Jle>I<H. 3a W,OTO CI-ICTeMaTa Ha 3aCBO)J,S!BaHeTO nOKa3Ba

06p. 33 . - Cs. Co¢HII Bb ConyHb, orb H3TOKb.

HaH-A06pt,, '-le CTpOHTellHTi> Ha U,bpK-

sara C.:K 61-111H ow,e nOA'-IHHeHH Ha rex

HH'-IeCKH M.:K'-IHOTHH H C.:K 6HJlH npHHy

)J,eHH )J,a )J,bp>!<aTb CMi>TKa 3a Ti>Xb; Ti>

OW,e He C.:K 6HJlH )J,OCTHrHaJlH e)J,HO Ta

KOBa pa3BHTHe, Ai>TO )J,a MOraTb )J,a CH

HrpaS!Tb Cb apXHTeKrypHHTi> cpopMH H

)J,a rH KOM6HHHpaTb KaKTO CH HCKaTb,

no '-IHCTO JlOrH'-!eCKI-1 Cb06pa»<eHHSI .

Karo roaopHMb 3a U,bpKaara Ca.

CocpHS!, He MO»<eMb )J,a He XBbpllHMb

noHe e)J,I-!Hb 6-Brbllb norne)J,b H Bbpxy

HaH-rnaBHHTi> e)J,HOHMeHHH HeH U,bpKBH

Ha 6ant<aHCI<HSI nonyocrpoBb, 3a )J,a H3nb

KHaTb ow,e nO-)J,06pt, HeHHHTi> OC06-

HOCTH. Toea e ronK03b noae'-!e Heo6xo

AHMO , '-!e Hi>KOH HeyMi>CTHH CpaBHeHHSI

Cb Ti>3H U,bpKBH '-leCTO C.:K CTaBaJlH

npH'-11-!Ha Ha He)J,Opa3yMi>HHSI.

Ha nbpBO Mi>CTO rpi>6aa )J,a Ce cnpeMb Bbpxy OHaSI U,bpKBa, KOSITO Bb06w,e e nonynS!pH3H

pana HMero Cs. CocpHS! H t<OSITO 3aeMa HaH -BHAHOTO Mi>cro Bb BH3aHTHHCKara apxHreKrypa, a HMeHHO

U,bpKaara Ca. Coi;w1 Bb Ll,apHrpa)J,b, nocrpoeHa Bb api>Mero Ha IOcTHHHaHa Me»<AY 532 H 537 ro)J,.

48 nbpBOHaYanHH51Tb BHilb Ha UbpKBaTa

OTb apxvneKTYITi> f\HreMYI OTb Tpanecb VI VfcH.o,Opb OTb MYinerb. CaMo e.o,:-~Hb norne.o,b Bbpxy Hei1-

HYI51 nnaHb (o6p. 31) e ,D,OCTaTb4eHb, 3a .o,a HYI y6i>.o,YI, Ye Bb C-"'W,HOCTb Hl-11<ai<BO cpaBHeHI-1e Me>KAY

HawaTa Cs. CocpY151 VI Ta3YI U,bp!<Ba He e Bb3MO>t<HO. nbpBaTa e Ha,D,nb>t<Ha, 4YICTO 6a3YinYII<anHa no

CTpOi1Ka, Bb cpopMa Ha naTWICKYI KpbCTb, Bb K051TO KynonbTb Y!Ma sropocreneHHO 3HaYeHI-1e. UapY!

rpa.o,ci<ara Cs. CocpY151, nocrpoeHa Bb cpopMaTa Ha rpbU,KYI KpbCTb, e Bb nbnHaTa CMY!Cbnb Ha

.o,yMaTa U,eHTpanHa nOCTpOHI<a; Bb He51 BCYIYI<YI YaCTYI, a!<O MO>t<eMb TaKa .o,a Ce Y13pa3Y!Mb, KaTO nYI Ye

Y!MaTb 3a rnasHa u,i>nb .o,a nocnymaTb 3a ocHosa VI .o,a no.o,rors51Tb senHYeCTBeHYI51 Kynonb,

I<Oi1To sna.o,-te u,-tnara u,bpi<sa. 3a rnaseHb VI crpaHYIYHYI Kopa6YI TYKb MO>t<e .o,a ce rosopY! caMo

ycnosHo. Bbo6w,e .o,s-tr-t u,bpKBYI ce 51B51BaTb Karo np-t.o,craBYITenKYI Ha .o,sa CbBbpweHo pa3-

nw-IHYI TYina, npYI I<OYITO ,D,OnY!pHYI TOYI<YI 6YIXa MOrnYI .o,a Ce ,D,Y1p51Tb CaMO Bb He3HaYY!TenHYI no.o,po6HOCTYI.

no-.o,pyrb e cnyYa51Tb npYI conyHci<ara Cs. Cocpl-151, Cb-

rpa.o,eHa, KaKTO Yl3rnem.o,a, ow,e npi>3b VI croni>rYie, 1) K051TO~ no

CB051 nnaHb 3aeMa cp-t.o,ara Mem.o,y ueHrpanHa VI Ha.o,nb>t<Ha

nocrpoi11<a (rn. o6p. 25, 32 VI 33). HaY!CTYIHa, TYIcro. 06aYe see nait<HYI !<Opa6a, e,D,Y!Hb rnaBeHb VI ,D,Ba CTpaHYIYHYI, Ha I<OYITO

onosap51Tb VI TPYI caMOCT051TenHYI ancH.o,YI. Hanpi>YeHb Kopa6b

nHncsa CbBCi>M'=> VI KynonbTb He ce YI3AYira Bbpxy Ksa.o,para,

o6pa3yBaHb OTb npi>CYIYaHeTO Ha rnaBHY151 !<Opa6b Cb Ha

npi>YHYI51, HO BbpXy e,D,YIHb YI3KYCTBeHO Cb3,D,a.o,eHb I<Ba.o,paTb

Bb rnaBHYI51 Kopa6b. Cb .o,pyrYI AYMYI VI TYIt<e .o,a ce

:! ; 1

• I '

• : j

i: , I •

--,.

' ! i 0 ': • <)

I "" ! i 0' ll

·I<OHCTaTY!pa HI-1Kai<sa npY!nYII<a Cb cocpY1i1CI<aTa Cs. Cocpi-151, HI-1TO 111------------- ,7.5 __________ -,1

Bb o6w,ara cpopMa Ha nnaHa, HI-1TO Bb no.o,po6HOCTYITi>.

OxpY!,D,CI<aTa u,bpi<sa Cs. CocpY151, Cbrpa.o,eHa npi>3b XI 06p. 34. - Cs. Co¢1151 Bb OxpHnb (cnopenb Deutsche Bauzeitung 1895).

si>Kb~ nm<a3sa Ha npbBb norne.o,b Hi>Kai<sa npY!nYII<a cb Ha

wara. T51 C-"'W.O e Ha.o,nb>t<Ha 6a3YinYII<anHa nocrpoi11<a Cb rpYI Kopa6a, o6aYe 6e3b

Hanpi>YeHb !<Opa6b, a Bb 3aM SHa Ha TOBa HaMY!paMe y He51 Xapai<TepHY!Ti:; 3a

Kynonb VI 6e3b

BYI3aHTI-1HCI<YITi>

u,bp!<BYI TPYI ancH.o,YI. Bbo6w,e nnaHbTb Ha oxpH.o,ci<ara Cs. CocpY151 He noi<a3sa HYII<aKBYI TYinYIYHYI

OC06HOCTYI VI HanbnHO Ce CXO>t<,D,a Cb wa6nOHHYI51 nnaHb Ha nO-I<bCHYITi> BYI3aHTYIHCI<YI U,bp!<BYI, noB

Tap51Hb 6e3YeTHO YYICnO nJi<,TYI .0,0 HaH-HOBO Bpi>Me.

3a .o,a ce np-tu,i:.HYI HanbnHo 3HaYeHI-1ero Ha Cs. CocpY151, Heo6xo.o,YIMO e .o,a ce BYIAYI, Ha I<Oe

spi>Me npY!Ha.o,ne>t<YI T51 VI Kai<BO e Hei:fHOTO Mi>CTO Bb YICTOpY!!;na Ha apXY!Tei<TypaTa, VInYl Cb .o,pyrYI

AYMYI, l<bMb 1<051 rpyna apXY!Tei<TYPHYI naMeTHYIU,YI w,e rp-t6sa .o,a 5I npY14YICnY!Mb. npi>AYI .o,a pa3rne.o,aMe

o6aye n3YI BbnpOCYI, He06XO,D,YIMO e ,D,a ce CnpeMb BbpXy OHi>3YI cpa!<TYI, ycTaHOBeHYI Ypi>3b Hanpase

HYITi> pa3I<Oni<YI, I<OYITO, Ma!<apb VI .o,a He Ce OTHaC51Tb Henocpi>.o,CTBeHO .0,0 nOCTpOi:f!<aTa Ha U,bp!<BaTa,

XBbpn51Tb ro.li>Ma CBi>TnY!Ha BbpXy He::iHaTa YICTOpi1:i!.

1) 3a HeSI rn. rnasHo Texier et Pullan, L'archi· tecture byzantine, Londres 1864, crp. 154-158 11 ra6n. XXXV-XLI; Laurent Bb Byzant. Zeitschr. IV, 1895, 431 en.; 51. CMHpH03b. Bv.3:'!HT. speMeHHHKb V, 1898, 365-392; n. MHniOKOBb, J.-bst.CTi>l pyccK. apxeon. HH· CTHT. Bb KoHcraHT:.1Hon::lJit. IV, 1899, 24 en.; J. Strzy· gowski, Oriens Christianus 1,1901,153-15811 Kleinasien, Leipzig 1903, crp. 115-121; Ch. Diehl, Manuel d'art byzantin, Paris 1910, crp. 120 en.

~) B. r pH r 0 p 0 B H 'l b, QyepKb nyrewecrBiH crp. 100; f\HTOHHHb, l13b PyMeniH, Cn6. 1886, crp. 58-67 11 ra6n. II-IV; M. llpHHOBb, CbYHHeHH51 II 244 en. ( nep. cn11c. XXXII-XXXIII, 1890, 360 en.); Deutsche Bauzeitung 1895, npt.seneHo Bb Cn11c. Ha HH)f{eH.·apxHr. npy)f{. I, 1895, 263 en.; n. MHJJIOKOBb, l13st.cr. pyccK. apxeon. HHCTHT. Bb KoHcraHTHHonont. IV, 1899, 86 en.; H. KoHnaKOBb, MaKenoHiSI, Cn6. 1909, crp. 228-234. 3a HannHca Ha UbpKsara rn. 11 t1 o p n a H u 11 s aH o s b, 6bnrapCKH crapHHH H3b MaKenOHH51, Co¢1151 1908, crp. 211.

06p. 35. - Mo3aHKa, orKpHra np-t3b 1893 ron. Bb anc1-1nara Ha Ca. Cocjm51.

r n F\ sF\ 111

no-crapvt crpanvt Ha MtCTOTO Ha Cs. Cocpvt51

Pa3KOnKHTi:., KOHTO ce HanpaBY!Xa Bb s;!npi:.wHOCTbTa Ha LI,bpt<BaTa Cs. Co¢¥151, AOBe)J,oxa AO

OTKpHBaHeTO Ha )J,Ba M03aYI4HYI nO)J,a, ne>KaW,H e)J,HHb Bbpxy ApyiO, KOYITO 01\. Yl )J,BaTa nO-CTapH OTb

caMaTa LI,bpKBa, TbH KaTo ce HaMHpaTb Ha 3Ha4HTenHa )J,bn6o4HHa nOAb HeHH¥151 nO)J,b. Bb CJi\.W,OTO

Bpi:.Me OTKpHXa ce OCHOBYITi; Ha Hi:.KOJIKO 3H)J,a, KaKTO Bb anCH)J,aTa, TaKa Yl Bb LJ,eHTpanHaTa 4aCTb

Ha LI,bpt<BaTa (rn. nnaHa Ha Ta6n. IX), KOHTO 6e3b CbMHi:.HHe npHHa)J,ne>KaTb KbMb noCTpOHKHrl Cb

M03aH4HHTi:. nOAOBe. 0Tb TOBa CTaBa 51BHO, 4e, npi:.AH )J,a ce CbrpaAH Cs. Co¢1151, Ha CJi\.W,OTO Mi:.CTo

CJi\. 6HJJYI Y13)J,HraHH e)J,HO CJJi:.)J,b Apyro HaH-ManKO ABi:. crpa)J,H, KOYITO 3a Hanpi:.Ab HHe w,e pa3JJH4a

BaMe cnope)J,b )J,BaTa M03aH4HYI nO)J,a - ropeHb Yl )J,OJJeHb- CbOTBi:.TCTByBaW,H Ha )J,Bi:. pa3HYI enOXYI.

Bb3MO>KHO e o6a4e Ti:.3H ABi:. crpaAH )J,a CJi\. ce npi:.AwecTByBaJJH OTb ApyrH ow,e no-CTapH noCTpOHKH,

3a KOYITO Hi:.MaMe B~4e )J,OCTaTb4HYI yKa3aHHSI. Ha BCi:.KH cny4aH OTb KbMb CTpaHaTa Ha anCH.O,aTa

Ha Cs. Co¢1151, ot<ono 15 CM. no·Abn6ot<o OTb AOJJH51Ta M03aHKa, ce 3a6t.ni:.3BaTb cni:.AH ow,e OTb

e)J,HHb nOAb, Ko~ho cni:.AoBaTenHo Tp-b6sa Aa 6Ji\.Ae no-CTapb OTb nemaw,aTa Bbpxy Hero M03aHKa.

To3H Hai1-CTapb no)J,b He MO>Ke o6a4e Aa ce npocni:.AH, npi:.AH Aa ce Cb6opH HaXOA51W,aTa ce oTropt.

Typct<a crlHa, 1<051TO 3anywsa TPYIYM¢anHaTa apt<a Ha LI,bpt<BaTa. no Ta3H npY14HHa 3a cera w,e ce

CnpeMb CaMO Bbpxy OHi:.3H )J,Bi:. nOCTpOHKYI, l<bMb KOYITO npHHa)J,ne>KaTb OTI<pHTHTi:. npH pa3KOnKHTi:.

npi:.3b 1910 H 1911 rOAHHa M03aH4HH nonose.

Cs. CocpHo. 7

50 no-crapH cr paaH Ha Mt.CTO TO Ha Cs. Co<jJH5l

rOPH5lTf\ M03f\~1Kf\ (r26.'l. XV-XVII VI XVIII 2) ce HaMt.pVI Ha ,D,b1160'-!VIHa 01<0110 0"60 M.

no.o,b nbpBoHa'-!a11HHSl lt.'lVI 01<0110 1·40 M. no.o,b rypcK>J51 no.o,b Ha u,bpKBara Cs. Co<jJVI51 (rn. o6p. 36,

~t.ro Bbpxy HaCVIna e JanaJeHa '-laCTb OTb rypcKVI51 no.o,b, a no cpt..o,ara ce Ja6tn t.JsaTb c11t..o,H OTb

nbpBoHa'-!a11HVI51 no.o,b Ha u,bpKBaTc). T51 JaeMa e.o,Ho npoCTpaHCTBO He no -Ma11KO OTb 144 KB . M., o6a'-!e

ro11i:.MV1 '-!aCTVI OTb He51 en; CbBbpweHo paJpyweHVI. To'-IHVITt. rpaHYIU,VI, .o,o.o,tro e CTY1ra11a MOJaVIKara,

He MoraTb .o,a ce onpt.o,t.1151Tb Cb a6C01110THa CVIrypHOCTb, noHel-l<e Kpa~w,ara H Hasct.K"'At. CJh pa3-

pyweHVI. Ha sct.KVI c11y'-!a~ T51 e 3aeMa11a u,t.11oro KBa.o,parHo npoCTpaHCTBO no.o,b 1<yno11a Ha u,npKBaT<J,

Kai<TO VI nO-f011i:.MaTa '-laCTb OTb rnaBHVI51 1<0pa6b 6b u,t.11aTa MY WVIpO'-IVIHa , KaTO e CTV1ra11a Ha

3ana,D,b st.p051THO .0,0 Ha~-Kpai-1HVI51 3VI,D,b, I<OHCTaTYipaHb Bb TOBa HanpaB11eHVIe npVI pa3l<Oni<VITt., Mel-l<.o,y

06p. 36. - lJ aCTb OTb rop H5na M03aHKa .

YeTBbpTV151 VI neTVI51 n1-111aCTpV1 Ha u,bpi<Bara (Ha ra611. IX npVI 0 ). Ha~-Jana.o,HOTO nap'-!e OTb MOJaVIKara

(ra611 . XVII 6 ) 6t. OTKPVITO Ha sct.KVI c11yYai1 Henocpt..o,crseHo .o,o JVI.o,a H, Ha Jana.o,b OTb Hero. Ha

ctsepb M03aVII<aTa e CTV1ra11a Bi:.pOSlTHO .0,0 Bt-HWHVI 51 - BJhTpi:.WHVI51Tb OCTaBa nO,D,b He51 - OTb

~BaTa nO'-!TVI napa11e11HVI 3VI,D,a, OT,D,a11e'-!eHVI CaMO 27 CM. e,D,VIHb OTb .o,pyrb, I<OVITO Ce HaMVIpaTb Ha

rpaHVIu,ara Me>t<.o,y rnaBHVI51 VI Hanpt.YHVI51 KOpa6VI (Ha ra611. IX npVI M ). ToJVI JVIAb ce e npocrV1pa11b

ow,e Ha Jana.o,b, o6a'-le 6VI11b e pa3pyweHb npVI nocrpoi-1Kara Ha Cs. Co<jJVI51 OTb ocHosara , Bbpxy

t<051TO 11el-l<aTb 11i:.BV1Tt nV111acrp V1 Ha u,bpKBara, Cb KOVITO roi-1 ce Cbsna.o,a. Bb 11-tBVISl Hanpt.YeHb

Kopa6b, KaKTO VI Bb crpaHVI'-IHVI51, He ce HaM-tpVIxa HVIKai<BVI c11t..o,V1 orb MoJaVIKara. Tosa o6aYe He e

~ocraTb'-IH.a rapaHU,VI51 , Ye T51 He e CTHra11a T011K03b .o,a11e'-lb Ha c-tsepb, noHel-l<e Ob r-tJVI Kopa6VI ce

yKa3a CbBbpWeHO pa3pyweHb VI CTapV151Tb nO,D,b Ha U,bpi<BaTa, TbH '-!e Bb3MOl-I<HO e CJhW,eBpt.MeHHO

.o,a e 6V111a pa3pyweHa VI 11el-1<aw,ara no.o,b Hero MOJaVIKa .

Ow,e no-HeCVIrypHVI CJh rpaHVIU,VITt. Ha MOJaVIKara Ha !Orb. ,lJ,eCHVI51Tb crpaHVI'-IeHb Kopa6b He

MOl-l<eWe .o,a Ce VI 3C11t.o,Ba Bb TOBa OTHOWeHVIe, TbH KaTO BbpXy Hero Ce HaMVIpa MO.o,epHaTa U,bp-

ropHH51Tb Mo3aH4eHb nonb 51 ------·- · ----~~~

I<BI1U,a. Q6aYe Bb IO>KHUTO 1<p11n0 Ha Hanp-tYHI151 1<0pa6b, Bb CaMI151 IOrO·I13TOLfeHb JKrbnb, Ce OT1<p11

e,[J,HO AOCTa ron-tMo napye M03ai1Ka (Ta6n. XVIII 2), KOeTo, MaKapb 11 na ce OTni1YaBa no 113pa6oTKa

11 I<OnOp11Tb 3Hal.fi1TenHO OTb OCTaHani1Tt, YaCTI1, Tp-t5sa ,[J,a np11Ha,[J,ne>KI1 l<bMb C.:KW,1151 nO,[J,b, nOHe>Ke

ce HaM11pa Ha e,!J,HaKBa BI1COYI1Ha Cb Hero. Cn-t,[J,oBaTenHo Tp-t6sa Aa np11eMeMb, Ye M03ai1YHI151Tb

nO,!J,b ce e npoCT11panb Hai1-ManKo AO BbHWHaTa IO>KHa cT-tHa Ha U,bpKBaTa. TyKb H:l sc"t1<11 cnyYaH

He MOH<a ,[J,a ce H3M"tp11 H"tKO.:i nO·CTapb 311,[J,b, I<OHTO na CLfi1TaMe KaTO Herosa rpaHI1U,a.

06p. 37. - Mo3aHKa, orKpHra npi;3b 1893 ron. Bb ancHnara Ha Cs. Ca<jJH51.

Ha 113TOKb M03ai1KaTa ce npOAbnH<asa nOAb TypcKaTa cT-tHa, K051TO cera 3anywsa TPI1YM

<j:>anHaTa apKa. 06aYe Bb anC11AaTa He ce oT1<p11xa HI1KaKBI1 cn"tA11 OTb He51, TbH w,oTo nbpsoHa·

YanHaTa 113TOYHa rpaHI1Ua He Mome ,[J,a ce onp-tA"tn11. 3acnyH<aBa caMo ,[J,a ce > OT6-t~-B'm~, ye np11

pa3KOnKI1T-t, KOI1TO r. B. ,D,o6pyc1<11 e npas11nb Bb anC11AaTa Ha U,bpKBaTa np"t3b 1893 ro,!J,., ocs-tHb (

napYeTo OTb AOnH51Ta M03ai1Ka, 3a KOeTo w,e rosop11Mb no-HaTaTbKb, OTKp11Ta e 611na ow,e e,[J,Ha

T-tCHa 11B11U,a M03ai1Ka Me>KAY ,!J,Ba 311,[J,a (o6p. 37 ). 3a OTI<p11BaHeTO Ha TOBa napye He C~ 06Ha

pO,!l,BaHI1 11 ,!J,OCera HI1Kai<BI1 6t,n-t>KKI1, TbH Ye He Ce 3Hae TOYHO, Ha I<Oe M"tCTO 11 Ha KaKBa ,!J,bn6o--'

( ,,

l

52 no-crapH crpanH Ha M-tCTOTO Ha Cs. CocpH5!

4l·1Ha e 61-1n::> TO HaMi:;peHo. CaMO OTb e,IJ,Ha ¢ororpacjm51, 3ana3eHa Bb c6!-1pK1-1TB Ha HapOAHI-151 My3ei1,

K051TO Bb3np:::>!-139emuaMe TYKb Bb o6p. 37, Mome )J,a ce 3aKnl041-1, nopaA!-1 CXOACTBOTO Ha opHa

MeHTI-1TB, 4e 1-1 TOBa nap4e e np!-1Ha,IJ,nemano KbMb ropH51Ta M03a!-1Ka. F\Ko TOBa Hawe npB,!J,nono

meHI-1e ce yKame BBpHo, w.e Tpi:;6sa ,IJ,a np!-1eMeMb, Ye ropH1-151Tb M03a!-14eHb no,IJ,b ce e npocr1-1panb

H Bb ancl-1,1J,aTa Ha u,bpKBaTa.

KaKTO ce B!-1m,IJ,a orb Ka3aHOTO noTyKb, cera He e se4e Bb3MOmHo ,IJ,a ce ycTaHOBI-1 nnaHbTb

Ha crpaAaTa, KbMb K051TO np!-1Ha)J,neml-1 ropH1-151Tb M03al-14eHb nO,IJ,b. Cb roni:;Ma si:;po51THOCTb MO

raTb )J,a ce np:.-m!-1warb Ha Ta3!-1 crpa)J,a ,IJ,BaTa Hai1-Kpai1Hl-1 3ana)J,Hl-1 3!-1,1J,a 0 1-1 H Ha Ta6n. IX, KaKTO

1-1 BbHWHI-151Tb ci:;sepeHb 31-1Ab M. OcraHan1-1rl KOHCTaT!-1paH!-1 np1-1 pa3KOnK!-1TB 31-1,1J,OBe (rn. Ta6n. IX)

l-13rnem,IJ,aTb Bb no-roni:;MaTa CH 4aCTb )J,a HBMaTb Hl-1W.O o6w,o Cb Ta3!-1 crpa)J,a. Tosa sam1-1 npBAI-1

BCI-14KO 3a napanenH!-151 31-1,1J,b N, KOi1To ce HaM1-1pa nO,IJ,b M03al-1_:<aTa, 1-1 3a 3!-1,1J,a 1 Bb nBBI-151 crpa

Hl-14eHb Kopa6b, KOi1To 61:; omp1-1Tb Ha ,IJ,bn6:::>4!-1Ha oKono 3 M. nO,IJ,b cTap!-151 nO,IJ,b Ha Cs. Co¢w11.

0rHOC!-1renHo npto,Ha3Ha4eH!-1eTo Ha crpa,o,:na Cb r::>pH;na M::>3a!-1Ka Mome Cb ronB:"'a si:;po-

51THOCTb )J,a ce np:.1e:"!e, 48 n e cnym1-1na 3a U,bpKaa. KbMb TOBa 3aKnt04eH!-1e B:::l,IJ,l-1 He ca;vro o6cTo>~

TencTBOTO, 4e Bbpxy He51 no-KbCHO e 61-1na nocTpoeHa Cs. Co¢1-151, HO TaKa C..¥.W.O 1-1 Apyrl-1 Hi:.Kol-1

Cbo6pameHI-151. TaKa Hanp. )J,BaTa 3ana,IJ,Hl-1 napanenHI-1 31-1A:'l 0 1-1 H 33Tsap51Tb e,IJ,HO npOAbnrosaTo

npOCTpaHCTBO, KOeTO 61-1 ce 0051CHI-1nO OTnl-14HO KaTO npB,O,JJ,Bep!-1e Ha U,bpKBaTa. 0Tb Apyra CTpaHa

Bb anC!-1,1J,aTa Ha Cs. Co¢1-151 HaM!-1paMe e,IJ,/IHb l-13Bl-1Tb 31-1Ab Q, KOi1To 61-1 MOrbnb MHOro A06pi:; ,IJ,a

6..¥.)J,e 4aCTb OTb anCI-1,1J,3Ta Ha Ta3/l no-CTapa U,bpKB:'l. no-ronBMa CHrypHOCTb Bb TOBa OTHOWeH!-1e w,e

A06!-1eMb, aKo HBKora ce Cb60p1-1 TypcK!-151Tb 31-1Ab nO,IJ,b TPI-1YM¢anHaTa apKa, Cb KOeTo w.e ce na,IJ,e

Bb3MO)f{H0CTb )J,a Ce l-13CnB)J,Ba ll0-)J,06pi:; Ta3!-1 4aCTb Ha U,bpKBaTa.

Bcl-14Kl-1 31-1AOBe, 3a KOI-1TO crasa AYMa TYKb, C..¥. rpa,!J,eH!-1 no e,IJ,l-1Hb 1-1 C..¥.W.l-1 Ha4!-1Hb OTb Tpo

weH!-1 KaMbHI-1 1-1 xopocaHb, HanpaseHb caMo orb sapb 1-1 nBCbKb. Tyxn1-1 C..¥. ynoTpt6eH!-1 caMo Ha

ABB MBcra (Bb 3l-1,1J,OBert H H M) 1-1 TO Ta;vrb, ABTO 31-1,1J,bTb e Tpi:;6sano )J,a npi:;xsbpn!-1 Bb Bl-1,1J,b Ha

apKa HaXO,IJ,51W,aTa ce Ha TOBa MBCTO no-crapa 3acso,IJ,eHa rpo6H1-1u,a. TyxnHTB C..¥. OTb C..¥.W.l-151 Bl-1Ab

KaKTO TB31-1, ynoTpi:;6eH!-1 np1-1 nocTpoi1KaTa Ha Cs. Co¢1-151. KaTo ce !-1Ma npBAb Bl-1,1J,b, 4e OCHOBI-1TB Ha

Ta3!-1 nocnt,IJ,H51Ta C..¥. npaseH!-1 Tome Bb no-roni:;MaTa Cl-1 YaCTb OTb KaMbHI-1, a ropH51Ta nocTpoi1Ka OTb

TyXnl-1 (rn. CTp. 13 ), TO Cb ronBMa BBp051THOCTb MOmeMb )J,a np!-1eMeMb aHanOr!-14eHb Ha4!-1Hb Ha

rpa)J,emb 1-1 np1-1 crpa,!J,aTa Cb ropH51Ta M03al-1Ka. ,1J,e6en1-1Hara Ha pa3Hl-1TB 31-1AOBe C..¥.W.O e no4n1 Ha

BCBK..¥.AB e,IJ,HaKBa 1-1 ,1J,OCT1-1ra 65-75 CM. CaMo 31-1,1J,bTb H l-1Ma no-roni:;Ma ,IJ,e6en!-1Ha, o6a4e Toi1 e Ha

npaseHb Ha )J,Ba n..¥.Tl-1 OTb ,IJ,Ba np1-1nBnHan1-1 e,IJ,l-1Hb AO Apyrb 31-1,1J,OBe, OTb KOI-1TO e,IJ,l-1Hl-151Tb e ,IJ,e6enb

75, a Apyrl-151Tb 45 CM.

Hai1-nocni:; ocTasa ,IJ,a 3a6i:;ni:;ml-1Mb, 4e noHe cna6o npBACTasneH!-1e 3a B..¥.TpBwHaTa yKpaca

Ha Ta3!-1 u,bpKsa Hl-1 )J,aBaTb HBKOI-1 Mp51MOpHK ¢parMeHTI-1, OTKPI-1Tl-1 np1-1 pa3KOnKI-1TB. EA1-1Hl-151Tb OTb

TBXb e ¢parMeHTb OTb paHHOB!-13aHTI-1i1CKI-1 KOp1-1HTCKI-1 Kan!-1Tenb Cb c1-1nHo 3aocTpeH!-1 1-1 no,IJ,,J,bn6aH!-1

aKaHTOBI-1 nl-1CTa, 04yKaHb OTb BCI-14Kl-1 CTpaH!-1 (o6p. 38 a ). ct>parMeHTbTb e Bl-1COKb cera 27 CM., Wl-1-

pOKb 1-1 )J,e6enb no OKOnO 16 CM. ,lJ,HaMeTbpbTb MY nbpBOHa4ilnHO He w,e )J,a e Ha)J,Ml-1HaBanb 18 CM.

BTop!-151Tb ¢parMeHTb (o6p. 38 6 ), Bl-1COKb 22 CM., npo!-13XOm)J,a OTb opHaMeHT!-1paHb 4eTBbpT1-1Tb

CTbnOb, ,IJ,e6enb OKOnO 18 CM. KaKTO n:::> pa3MBp1-1, TaKa 1-1 no OpHaMeHTa, TOi1 ce CXOmJJ,a HanbnHO

Cb CTbn6oseri:; OTb Mp51MOpHaTa npi:;rpaAa npBAb anrap51 Ha crapara 6a31-1n1-1Ka Bb X1-1capcKaTa

Kptnocrb. 1) Hai1-nocni:; HaMBp!-1 ce 1-1 e,IJ,HO ManKo nap4e OTb Mp51MOpHa KonoHa. Bcl-14Kl-1 TB31-1 ¢par

MeHTI-1, OTKPI-1Tl-1 Bb HaC!-1n:'l nO,IJ,b crap:-151 nO,IJ,b Ha Cs. Co¢/171, HBMaTb Hl-1W.O o6w,e> Cb Ta3!-1 nocnBA

H51Ta. Ti:; He Morarb TaKa c..¥.w,o )J,a np0113XOmJJ,aTb 1-1 OTb Hai1-cTapaTa ManKa U,bpKBHu,a, 4HHTO He3Ha

•mTenHI-1 pa3:-tBp:1, KaKTO w.e Bl-1JJ,!-1;vrb, H3Kni04BaTb nO)J,OOHa B..¥.TpBwHa apxHTeKTypa. CnB)J,OBaTenHo

H36poeHHTB TYKb ¢parMeHTH Tpi:;6sa ,IJ,a ce np1-1n11waTb Ha u,bpKBaTa Cb ropHH51 M03aH4eHb nO,IJ,b,

K051TO, aKo ce C..¥.JJ,l-1 no TB31-1 ¢parMeHTH, TpB63a ,IJ,a e l-1Mana TPH 1<0pa6a, pa3,1J,BneH!-1 Cb )J,Ba peAa

')ln. 6. ct>HnOBb BbVI3stcTH5!Ha 6bnr.apxeon. npy}f{. II, 1911,137.

OCTaTbUH OTb UbpKBaTa Cb ropHHSI Mo3aH'leHb no.ub 53 = =====------- -

I<OJ10HY1. no nnaHa Cl-1, Bb cpaBHeHY!e Cb OTKpY1TY1T"E .D.OCera y HaCb U,bpi<BYI , T51 w,e .o.a ce e np1-16J1Y1·

masana s-Epo51THO Ha~·MHoro .o.o XHcapo<aTa 6a3YIJ1Y!Ka. 1)

HeKa cera pa3rne.o.aMe no-no.o.po6Ho caMYI51 M03aYI4eHb no.o.b (Ta6n . XV-XVII Yl XVIII 2). Toi1

e HanpaseHb no Ci"i',W,I-151 Ha41-1Hb, KaKTO cTapY151Tb no.D.b Ha Cs. Cocp1151 (rn. CTp. 43), a YIMeHHO Hai1-

Hanp"E.D.b YI.D.e nnacTb OTb p-EYHYI KaMbHH 6e3b xopocaHb. Bbpxy Hero cn-E.o.sa .o.pyro nnacTb (.o.e6e11b

01<0110 15 CM.) OTb xopocaHb Cb YyKaHYI KepaMH.D.I-1 Y111YI 1YX11YI, Bb I<O~TO nnaCTb Ci"i', 3aJ10BeHY1 Yl

KaMb4eTaTa Ha M03aY!KaTa. T"E3YI noc11"EAHYIT"E Y!MaTb cpopMaTa Ha ManJ<YI HenpaBYI11HYI Ky64eTa, 3arna

.o.eHYI Yl non1-1paHY1 caMO Ha nHu,eTo, 4YI51TO CTpaHa M"EpYI cp-E.o.Ho 1·5 .o.o 2 CM. Bb M03aYIKaTa ce cp-Ew,aTb

Cll"EAHYIT"E U,B"ETOBe: 6"E11b, 4epseHb, WOI<011aTeHb, 3eneHb, H<bJlTb Y1 CYIHJ<aBO·CYIBb, Cb pa3HYI OT"EHbli,YI.

BcY14KYI KaMb4eTa, cnope.o.b Cbo6w,eHHe Ha r-Ha P. nonosb, J<OHTO HMa mo6e3HOCTbTa .o.a m Yl3nY!Ta,

(i"l', OTb M"ECTHO npOY13XOH<.D.eHHe Yl ce cp-Ew,aTb 61-1110 Bb BYITOWa, 6H110 Bb ni011YIHb-n11aHHHa. 6-E11HT-E

II 6

06p. 38. ApxvtTeKTYPHH cpparMeHn1 OTb no-CTapara UbpKsa.

Ci"i', OTb CY1TH03bpHeCTb Mp51MOpb, OT4aCTYI Cb CYIBYI n"ETHa. 4epseHYIT"E (i"l', OTb H<e11"E3eHb J<BapU,b,

WOI<011aTeHYIT"E OTb .o.pe6H03bpHeCTb oapOBY!Tb ni:;Cb4HY11<b H OTb .o.pyro no-cna6b e.o.p03bpHeCTb

n"ECb4HY11<b; H<b11TY1T"E OT4aCTY1 OTb C11a6b e.o.p03bpHeCTb n"ECb4HY11<b, OT4aCTYI OTb J<Bapu,YITb (Cb no

CB"ETb11b U,B"ETb); CHHKaBO-CHBYIT"E OTb .D.OllOMHTb Yl HaH-nOCll"E 3eJ1eHHT"E OTb aH.D.e3HTHa CKaJla (Cb

n0 ·51CeHb Yl nO-TbMeHb U,B"ETb).

Mo3aY!J<aTa np-E.o.CTaB51 r.OYTYI YI3KJ1104HTellHO reoMeTpH'--ieCKI-1 cjmrypYI. E.o.Ha .D.bnra nneTeHHU,a,

WHpOKa 35 eM., pa3.o."En51 u,-EnaTa M03al-1Ka OTb YI3TOKb KbMb 3ana.o.b Ha .o.s-E nonOBYIHYI. T"E3YI nonoBHHYI

OTb CB051 CTpaHa (i"l', no.o.pa3.o."EneHY1 no Ha H"EI<OJli<O noneTa, BC"EKO e.o.HO OTb I<OHTO e OpHaMeHTYI

paHO no oco6eHb Ha4J.1Hb, 1b~ w,oTo Bb u,-EnaTa M03ai1Ka He cp-Ew,aMe .o.s-E noneTa, KOYITO .o.a

YIMaTb Ci"i',W,aTa opHaMeHTYIKa. B-Epo51THO npYI HanpasaTa Ha no.o.a Ci"i', pa6on111Y1 Ci"i',w,esp-EMeHHO H-E

KOJlKO AYWYI, Ha BC"EI<YI {'.!J.l-1Hb OTb I<OYITO e 611110 Bb3JlOH<eHO l·l3nbl1HeHHeTO Ha YI3B"ECTHa 4aCTb OTb

Hero. Cb TOBa ce o651CH51Ba Yl ron-EMoTo pa3Hoo6pa3Yie Ha opHaMeHTHKaTa , KaKTO Yl He~HaTa caMo

CT051TenHocTb Bb OT.D.-tllHHT-E noneTa. Bc-EKo e.o.Ho OTb T"E3YI nocn-t.o.HHT-E np-E.o.CTaB51 Bb ce6e CH H-Ew,o

u,-Eno, 3asbpweHo, 6e3b HYIKaKbBb orne.o.b KbMb opHaMeHTYITh Ha CbC-t.D.HYIT"E 4aCTYI. Bbnp"EKH Tosa

xapaKTepbTb Ha pa6oTaTa e nO'-lTH Hasc-EKi"i',.O.-t e.o.HaKbBb - H-Ew,o, Koero rosopYI 3a e.o.Hosp-EMeHHO

1) 6. <PHnOBb, UHT. M. CTp. 125-145. Ta3H 6a3HnHKa naTHpa s-tpOS!THO owe OTb V s-tKb.

' .

54 no-crapH crpanH Ha Mi;CTOTO Ha Cs. Co¢HSI

l-13nbnHeHI-1e Ha BCI-141<1-1 4acm. CaMo AB-5 nap4eTa npaB51Tb l-13K!lf04eHI-1e. EAHOTO (Ta6n. XVIII 2), KOeTo

Ce HaMV!pa Bb fO>t<HOTO Kpl-1!10 Ha Hanpi;4HJ.151 1<0pa6b, Ce OTJlJ.14aBa no CBOeTO He6p-5>t<HO J.13nbnHeHI-1e

J.1 nO ront.MaTa He51CHOCTb Ha ptiCYHI<aTa, BCJ11:.,1J,CTBJ.1e Ha I<OeTO Ha H-5KOJ.1 M-5CTa, Hanp. np!-1 eM6ne

MJ.1T-5 Bb I<BaApaTVITE, He BV!Harl-1 MO>t<e ,IJ,a ce n03Hae, Kai<BO e VICI<a!lb ,IJ,a np-5ACTaBJ.1 MaHCTOpbTb.

BTopoTo nap4e e TOBa, KOeTo ce HaMV!pa KaTo nocn-BAHe Ha 3ana,IJ,HJ.151 Kpali Ha M03aJ.1KaTa (Ta6n. XVII 6).

To npas1-1 sne4aTneHI-1e np-BAI-1 BCI-141<0 Cb Tosa, 4e Bb Hero np-Bo6na,IJ,aBaTb cs-BTnVIT-5 601-1, oco6Ho

6-BnaTa, a TaKa ClKWO np-5o6na,IJ,aBaTb J.1 paCTJ.1TeflHJ.1 OpHaMeHTI-1, I<OVITO H-BI<ai<Cl-1 He nO,IJ,XO>t<,IJ,aTb

KbMb ocTaHanaTa opHaMeHTVII<a. D,an1-1 TI31-1 pa3Jll-141-151 we Tp-56sa Aa ce o651CH51Tb Cb Tosa, 4e Bbn

pOCHVITi; nap4eTa ClK npaseHI-1 np"53b Apyro spt.Me, 1-1!11-1 4e T-5 ClK l-13n-B3nl-1 OTb plKKaTa Ha MalicTopl-1,

np1-1Ha,IJ,Jle>t<aW,J.1 Ha Apyra , WI<OJla" nO!lO>t<J.1TefleHb OTrOBOpb Ha T03J.1 BbnpOCb He MO>t<e ,IJ,a ce

AaAe. Ha sc-BKI-1 cny4al1 3acny>t<asa Aa ce oT6-Bn-B>t<l-1, 4e 1-1 ~st.Tt nap4eTa ClK TBbpn.-5 ManKI-1, HaMYI

paTb Ce Bb 1<pa51 Ha M03aYII<aTa Y1 ClK OTKlKCHaTI-1 OTb He51 4p"53b pa3pyweHJ.1T-5 4aCTYI, Tbf:i W,OTO

npYI Tai<YISa ycnOBI-151 61-1 6YIJ10 pYICKOBaHO ,IJ,a ce npaB51Tb H-BI<aKBYI 3aKJlf04eHYI51. 3a HaCb e iJ,OCTaTb'lHO

,IJ,a I<OHCTaTYipaMe, 4e, Cb J.131<Jlf04eHYie Ha T-531-1 He3Ha4YITeflHYI 4aCTYI, u,t.naTa OCTaHana M03aYIKa npaBYI

sn e4aTneHYie Ha e,IJ,HOpOAHa 1-1 e,IJ,HOsp-BMeHHa pa6oTa.

lJ,s-5THJ.1T-5 penpOAYI<Ll,IH1, I<OVITO ,IJ,aBaMe OTb BCI-141<11 4aCTYI Ha M03aYII<aTa, npaB51Tb YI3JlYIWHO

noApo5HOTO 1-1Mb onYicaH~--te (rn. Ta6n. XVI, XVII 1-1 XVIII 2). UJ,e ce orpaHYI41-1Mb caMo Aa ~--t3TbKHeMb

HE~OYI xapaKTepHYI MOTYIBYI, KaTO Hanp. nneTeHYiu,aTa (Ta6n. XVI 1 1-1 2), aMa30HCKYI51 W.YITb 1-1 6pbWJ151·

HOBI-151 nYICTh (naKb TaMb), sa3YIT-B (Ta6n. XVI 2) 1-1 pa3H0:>6pa3HYIT-B reoMeTp1-14eCKJ.1 cp:--~ryp1-1 Ha

Ta6n . XVII 1. BcYI4KYI T-B3YI MOTYIBYI ce cpt.w,aTb 4eCTO Bb KbCHOpYIMCKaTa opHaMeHTV!Ka. Heo6YIKHOBeHo

sne4aTneHYie npasYI caMo ABOi1HaTa 6paAaa (Ta6n. XVIII 2), a1<o MaHCTOpbTb Ha~--tcTYIHa e ~--tCKanb A1

np-B.o,cTaBYI T031-1 np-BAMeTb. Orb KbCHOpYIMCI<OTo YI3KYCTBO He MYI e J.13s-BcTeHb Apyrb cny4af:i, A-BTo

Ta3J.1 6pa,IJ,Ba, TbH xapaKTepHa 3a MYII<eHCKOTO YI3KYCTBO, ,IJ,a Ce cpi:,w,a KaTO 06YII<HOBeHb OpHaMeHTb.

i-1 300W.O B3eTO OpHaMeHTJ.11<aTa Ha M03dYII<aTa n04Y!Ba BCeU,-5!10 Ha aHTI-14HYI Tpa,IJ,YIU,YIYI. npt.Aiil o6a4e

Aa ce 3aHYIMaeMb Cb HeliHaTa iJ."lTa, w.e Tp-56sa Aa ce 3ano3HaeMb 1-1 Cb ne>t<aw,ara nOAb He51 no

CTapa M03aYIKa.

D,OnHVI$lTb M03f\I-14EHb nOD.b 6t oTKPYITb Ha Abn6o41-1Ha o:on:> 4') eM. noJJ,b ropHYI51l)

Hflt1 o~<ono 1 M. nOAb cTap:.-~51 nOiJ.b H1 u,bp :~s:na Cs. CoiJ:.-~51 . (b H3K!lf04eH:.-te Ha ManKH nosp-BAI-1,

TOH e 3ana3eHb u,-Bnb (rn. Ta6n. XIX), 6narow1peHYie Ha KOeTo MO>t<e Aa ce Bb3CTaHOBYI 1-1 nnaHbTb

Ha crpaAaTa, KbMb K051TO e npYIHa.IJ,ne>t<anb. Ct.sepHaTa, 3anao,HaTa 1-1 fO>t<HaTa CT-5HYI Ha Ta3YI crpaAa

ClK 3ana3eHI-1 Bb ccHosaTa Cl-1 (Ta6n. IX K, L 1-1 0); T-5 cn-BABaTb 04epTaHJ.151Ta Ha M03oYIKaTa, K051TO

3aBbpwsa AO T"5Xb Cb Henp-BKlKCHaTa nneTeHYiu,a, o6pa3ysaw.a H-Bwo KaTo paMKa Ha u,-EnaTa M03aYIKa,

KaTO 3aTBap51Tb no T03YI Ha4HHb e,IJ,HO npO,IJ,'l,JlfOBaTO npOCTpaHCTBO Cb HanpasneH~--te OTb H3TOIt<asa 1-1 nOAb TypcKaTa cT-EHa, K051TO 3aTBap51 Tp~--tyMcpanHaTa apKa. Bb caMaTa anc~--t,IJ,a np1-1 nocn-EA

H~--tT-E pa3I<Oni<J.1 He Ce HaM-5p~--txa cni;,IJ,l-1 OTb He51. 06a4e npl-1 pa3KOni<HTi;, I<OVITO e npaBHJlb Ha T0Ba

M-EcTo r. Ao6pycKH np-E3b 1893 ro,IJ,., 6~--tno e omp1-1TO e,IJ,HO ron-EMo nony~<plKrno nap4e M03aHKa, KOeTO

e 6~--tno J.13Ba,IJ,eHo u,i;no 1-1 np-EHeceHo Bb HapOAHI-151 My3ei1 (Ta6n. XVIII 1 1-1 o6p. 35). MaKapb 4e 3a T-E3H

pa3I<Oni<J.1, Kai<TO B~4e Ka~aXMe; JlHnCBa Kal<bBTO J.1 ,IJ,a 6!-1!10 OT4eTb, OTb I<OHTO ,IJ,a ce BY!,IJ,l-1 T04HO Ha

Koe M-ECTo 1-1 Ha 1<a1<sa Abll604HHa e 61-1no HaM-EpeHo Tosa nap4e, see naKb MO>t<e Aa ce ycTaHOBH,

4e TO e CbCTaB51JlO npOiJ.bll>t<eHHe OTb HdWI-151 iJ.O!leHb M03aH4eHb nO,IJ,b. Tosa Hi;w,o Ce BH>t<,IJ,a OTb

eAHaKBI-151 x1pa1<Tepb Ha opHaMeHTHKara, e,IJ,HaKsal-a ron-EM~--tHa Ha KaMb4eTaTa 1-1 e,IJ,HaKsaTa wV~po-

4~--tHa Ha nneTeH~--tu,aTa, K051TO o51-1Ka!l51 1-1 AB-ET-E 41CTJ.1. He3aBHCHMO OTb Toaa, orb e,IJ,Ha cpoTorpacp!-151,

CHeTa Bb sp-EMe Ha pa3KOni<J.1Tt Ha r . Ao5?YCKJ.1, K051TO cera ce na3H Bb HapoAHI-151 My3el1 (o6p. 35),

1) llbn6o'"HHara KbMb H3TOIil. 6HnH no-

craseHH owe orHa'"ano napanenHo enHHb KbMb npyr11,

HnH nbtt<)J,a, ye BbnpocHoro napYe, o6b?Haro Cb nonyt<p~Krnara CH YaCTb KbMb HJTOKb, e ne>t<ano

TOYHO Ha HJTOIt<Hara cri;Ha Ha anCH)J,ara Ha Cs. Co¢H51 . Cb ApyrH

AYMH TO Ce e HaMHpano Tbi<MO Ha Mi;CTOTO, )J,i;TO 6HXMe 0'-laKBanH npO)J,bfl>HeHHeTO Ha )J,OflH51Ta MOJaH.Ka.

8b3b OCHOBa Ha ri;JH <fJaKTH H Cb06pa>t<eHH51 MO>HeMb Cb roni;Ma si;p051THOCTb )J,a BbJCTa

HOBHMb nnaHa Ha crpa)J,aTa, l<bMb 1<051TO e npHHa)J,ne>t<anb )J,OflHH51Tb MOJaHYeHb nO)J,b, Kai<TO TOBa

e HanpaseHo Bb o6p. 39. nonyKp~Kmara ancHAa noKaJBa, ye 1-1 Bb ro3H cnyYai1 HHe HMaMe pa6ora

naKb Cb e)J,Ha U,bp!<Ba Cb TBbp)J,B CKpOMHH paJMi;pH: 4'65 M. WHpOYHHa Ha 10·10 M. )J,bfl>HHHa Jae)J,HO

Cb anCH)J,3Ta. Cb ApyrH AYMH U.bpKB3Ta e 61-1na OTb THna Ha Tb::1 HapeYeHara basilica cimiterialis,

1<051TO HaMHpaMe Bb CTapoxpHCTH51HCI<HTB rpo6Hw,a H K051TO ce OTflH'-laBa no CbBCtMb CKpOMHHTi; CH

pa3MBpH. 1) Ocsi;Hb Bb PHMb, ManKH u,bpKBHU.H HnH no-npaso KanenH OTb

T03H THnb, )J,bflrH )J,O 10 M. H WHpOKH OTb 6-10 M., CIK 6HnH OT!<p11TH

npi;A11 Hi;KonKo ro)J,"'HH 1-1 Bb crapoxp11CT1151HCKI1Ti; rpo611w,a Monasterine

np11 CanoHa Bb ,lJ,anMaU,l151. ~) 4e HaHCTI1Ha 11 Hawara u,bpKB11U,a e 611na

U,HMHTep11anHa, ce BH>t<Aa orb nono>t<eHHero H Bb u,eHrbpa Ha crapoxp11-

CTH51HCKH51 HeKpononb np11 Cs. Co¢1-151, Ja KOHTO w,e rosop11Mb Bb cni;A

H51Ta masa.

CnH11ri; Ha raJI1 u,bpKBHu,a CJK Ae6en11 caMo 55 eM. 1-1 CJK rpa

AeHI1, )J,OI<Ofli<OTO 6t Bb3MO>HHO )J,a ce KOHCTaTHpa, Bb OCHOBI1T-b CH CaMO

OTb KaMbHH Cb xopocaHb, I<OHTO Cb)J,bp>t<a rpoweHH Ha )J,pe6HO KepaMH)J,H.

npH ci;[lepHI-151 31-'!)J,b (Ha ra6n. IX np11 0) Ha)J,b KaMeHHaTa OCHOBa CJK

Jana3eHH H pe)J,b roni;Ml1 YeTBbpTHTI1 ryxn11, nO)J,06HH Ha ri;311, OTb I<OHTO

e rpaAeHa (B. Co¢1-151. Cnope)J,b rosa 113rne>t<)J,a, Ye CJKW,O 11 np11 Mam<ara

u,bpKBHu,a ropH51Ta nocrpoi1Ka e 611na CbrpaAeHa OTb ryxnH.

MoJC:\.11'-lHI151Tb nOAb Ha raJH U.bpKBHU,a e HanpaBeHb no CJKW,H51 Ha-

'-lHHb, Kai<TO 11 ne>t<aW,H51Tb Bbpxy Hero nO-I<bCeHb nO)J,b, I<OHTO OnHCaXMe J

no-ropi; (crp. 53). CaMara MOJaHKa o6aYe ce pa3nHYaBa JHaYHTenHo OTb 06p. 39. - nnaHb Ha Hail-eTa"

ropH51Ta KaKTO no opHaMeHTI1Kara cH, TaKa 11 no 113pa6or1<a. KaMbYerara

11MaTb CIKW,l1TB u,si;rose 11 CIK OTb CJKW,I-151 MaTepHanb, HO pa3Mi;p11Ti;

paTa UbpKBa Ha MtCTOTO Ha Cs. Cocjm11.

11Mb CJK JHaYHTenHo no-ManKH 1-1 AOCTI1rarb caMo oKono 1 KB. eM. Ha Hi;KOH Mi;cra CJK ynorpi;6eHH

JeneHH Ky6YeTa H TBbp)J,i; pi;)J,KO >HbflTI1 H CHHI1 He Be'-le OTb KaMbl<b, a OTb CTbl<flO. BnpOYeMb

11Jrne>t<)J,a, ye ri;311 Ky6Yera CJK nocraB51HH ornocni;, npH nonpasKa Ha M03aHKara.3)

Bb )J,OnH51Ta M03av.Ka ce or)J,i;n51Tb 51CHO rp11 YaCTH, pa3nl1YHH He caMo no opHaMeHTI1Ka, HO

CHrypHo 11 no spi;Me. 3ana)J,Hara Yacrb (AOnH51Ta nonoBHHa Ha ra6n. XIX), o6rpaAeHa Cb JeneHa

nnereHHu,a, H3rne>KAa Aa 6JK)J,e Hai1-crapa. T51 e paJ)J,i;neHa Ha Hi;KonKo nonera, sci;Ko e)J,HO OTb

I<OHTO e OpHaMeHT11paHO no OC06eHb HaYHHb, Kai<TO 6i; cnyYa51Tb 11 npH ropH51Ta M03al1Ka . 06aye

ryKb, HapeAb Cb reoMerpHYeCKHTE ¢11ryp11, e Jacr~KneHa 11 paCTHTenHara opHaMeHTHKa, K051TO e CHnHO

CTHfll1311paHa. Bb KB3Apara npH tOro -JanaAHH51JKrbnb Ha MOJaHKara, paJpyweHb Ja }l{anocrb Ha nonoBI1Ha

OTb KynonHH51 nHnacrbpb Ha Cs. Cocp1151, CJK npi;AcTaBeHI1 Aa>He ABi; nTI1U.H, KOI1TO, 1<au,Han11 Ha

KnOHYera, KbnBaTb nnoAOJe. Bb pHcyHKara Ha opHaMeHTI1Ti; npo311pa HasctK~KAt )J,Ocra roni>Ma

He6pi;>t<HOCTb. Oco6Ho ce xsbpn51 13b 0'-111 113KpHB51BaHero Ha rpvni; rnaBHI1 nonera Bb ra311 YaCTb Ha

1) Cp. F. X. Kraus, Geschichte der christlichen Kunst I, f reiburg i. Br. 1896, CTp. 261-264; J o s. N e uw i rt h, Die Baukunst des Mittelalters (Geschichte der Baukunst von Borrmann und Neuwirth TOMb II), Leipzig 1904, crp . 8 en .; H. Leclercq, Manuel d'archeologie chretienne I, Paris 1907, CTp. 330- 334.

2) rn . L ec I ercq, Manuel d'archeologie chretienne I 326 -330 Cb o6p. 99 H 100 , n:ETO Ha CTp. 326 3a6. 5 e UHfHpaHa H no-ciap:Ha JJHTeparypa, no-rontMara YaCTb OTb K051TO He Ce HaMHpa Bb COcjJHHCKHrt 6H6JJHOTeKH.

n) nono6HH Ky6YeTa (oKono 50 eK3eMnn51pa) ce HaMtpHXa pa3XBbp!151HH H Bb HaCHna Me)f{llY llBtli; M03aHKH. 3acny)f{aBa owe na ce oT6tnt)f{H , Ye Bb 10)1{Horo omt.neHHe Ha Hanpt.YHH51 Kopa6b, HapaBHO Cb nbpBoHa'laJJHH51 nonb Ha Cs. Cocj:>HII, ce HaMt.pH H enHo YepHO CTbK!IeHO Ky6Ye Cb 3JJarHa noBpbXHOCTb, KaKBHTO C/il. 6H!IH ynoTpt.651BaHH 06HKHOBeHO Bb CTi>HHHTt. M0-3aHKH . 6b3b OCHOBa Ha Ta3H CbBci>Mb H30!11-1paHa HaXOllKa He 6H 6HnO nonyCTHMO na Ce npaBH KaKBOTO H na 6Hno npt.nn onmf<eHHe.

--

56 no-crapH crpauH Ha M-tCTOTO Ha Cs. Cocpm! ====-----~ ~-~-~~~c=-------~

M03aVIKaTa, KOVITO VIMaTb cpopMaTa Ha npO,!J,bnroBaTVI, Ha T"ECHVITi:. CVI CTpaHVI 3aKpJKrneHVI UJ,VITOBe.

i-'bo6w.o Vl3rnem,IJ,a, Ye M03aVIKara He e 6VIna npaBeHa no npt.ABapVIrenHo npVIrorBeHa CKVIIJ.a, HO e

Cb3)J,aBaHa OTb Mat1CTOpV1Ti:. Bb MOMeHTa H:'l pa60TaTa. (b TOBa Ce 0651CH51BaTb MHOrO OTb OC06HOCTVITt.

Bb Vl3nbnHeHVIero, KOVITO necHo 6VIxa MornVI )J,a MVIHaTb 3a He,IJ,OCTaTbiJ.VI. TaKa Hanp. Ht.KOVI JlVIHVIVI,

3an04HaTVI Bb e)J,HO HanpaBJleHVIe, He04aKBaHO Ce OTKJ10H51BaTb OTb eCTeCTBeHVI51 CVI nJKTb, KaTO 3aBVIBaTb

CbBCi:.Mb Ha Apyra CTpaHa VI Cb TOBa )J,aBaTb KpVIBb Vl3rne)J,b Ha IJ,i:.JlaTa cpVIrypa. npVI Hape>t<)J,aHeTO

Ha IJ,Bi:.TOBeTt. Bb e)J,VIHb VI CJKW,VI OpHaMeHTb, KOiho Ce nOBTap51 Ha Hi:.KOnKO Mi:.CTa, He e Cb6niO)J,aBaHb

HVIKaKbBb onpt.At.neHb pe,!J,b, a CJK nocraB51HVI npocro TaKVIBa u.st.rose, KaKBVITO cJK ce nona)J,aJlVI Ha

pJKKa. Bbnpt.KVI rosa He MOH<e Aa ce OTKame, Ye A06VITVI51Tb ecpeKTb, aKo ce B3eMe M03aVIKara V13IJ.i:.Jlo,

e TBbp)J,i; CnOJly4nVIBb. 3aUJ,OTO Bb He51 JlVInCBa MaTeMaTVIYeCKVI npi:.CMi:.THaTOTO, npVIHy)J,eHOTO VI e)J,HO

o6pa3HOTO. HanporVIBb Bb BCVI4KO ce 3a6t.nt.3sa 6orara VI nil9AOTBOpHa cpaHTa3VI51, roJlt.Ma cso6o)J,a

VI Henocpt.ACTBeHO TBOp4eCTBO.

BTOpara YaCTb (ropH51Ta nOJlOBVIHa Ha ra611. XIX), o6rpa)J,eHa OTb ABt.rt. CTpaHVI Cb CVIH51

nnereHVIIJ,a, ce OTJ1V14aBa Cb MHoro no-ront.Ma reoMerpV14HOCTb Ha opHaMeHTVITt.. TyKb nVIncBaTb

no-ront.MVI nnOCKOCTVI Cb CaMOCT051TenHa OpHaMeHTVIKa, KaKTO Bb nbpBaTa 4aCTb. Ll,t.JlaTa nOBpbXHOCTb

e yci:.51Ha Cb OT)J,i:.nHVI reOMeTpV14eCKVI cpHrypKVI, 6e3b HVIKaKBa opraHVI4eCKa Bpb3Ka nOMeH<AY VIMb.

no-roni:.MO OH<VIBJleHVIe BHaC51Tb CaMO )J,Bi:.TE Ba3VI, OTb KOVITO o6a4e He VI3XOH<)J,aTb HVIKaKBVI IJ,Bi:.T51. no

BCVI4KO J1V14VI, 4e Ta3VI 4aCTb e npaBeHa nO-KbCHO OTb nbpBaTa. npVI TOBa, 3a )J,a Ce nonpoBVI rpi:.WKaTa,

npE)J,VI3BVIKaHa OTb V13KpVIB51BaHeTO Ha OpHaMeHTVITt. Bb nbpBaTa YaCTb, nO cpi:.,[J,aTa e BMbKHaTb

e)J,VIHb rOJli:.Mb }l{bnTb KnVIHb, KOt1TO pi:.3KO OT,IJ,i:.n51 ,IJ,Bi:.Tt. 4aCTVI.

Hat1-nocnt. rpeT51Ta YaCTb orb M03aVIKara e ra3VI, K051TO ce e HaMVIpaila Bb anCVI)J,ara (ra611. XVIII 1

VI o6p. 35). no opHaMeHTVIKa T51 ce npV16nVI>t<aBa naKb AO nbpB:'!Ta YaCTb, o6a4e TYKb u.t.noro npocrpaHCTBO

e V13nbnHeHO OTb e)J,Ha o6w,a KOMn03VIUVI51. MeH<AY )J,Bt. ,!J,bpBeTa, npVInVfllHVI Ha KVInapVICVI, OKOnO KOVITO

ce ysVIBaTb nbn351W.VI pacreHVI51, ce HaMVIpa ro11t.Ma Ba3a Cb u.st.re,- Ha K051TO CJK Kau.HaJlVI ABt.

nTVIUVI. Ba3aTa VIMa cpopMara Ha nOilYKbn6o, nocraseHo Bbpxy rpVI KpaKa. OrcrpaHVI ce HaMVIpaTb

APYrvt ABt. no-MaJlKVI IJ,VInVIHAPVIYeCKVI Ba3VI naKb Cb u.st.r51, Ha KOVITO CJKW.O CJK KaiJ,HaJlVI nTVIIJ.VI. Ll,t.nara

KOMn03VIIJ,VI51 e o6rpa,[J,eHa Cb nJleTeHVIIJ,a, Bb K051TO npt.06Jla)J,aBa Kacp51Bb IJ,Bi:.Tb, Bb npOTVIBOnOnOmHOCTb

Ha CVIHVI51 VI 3eneHVI51 IJ,Bi:.Tb npVI Apyrynt. )J,Bi:. nneTeHVIIJ,VI. L!aCTb OTb Jli:.BaTa crpaHa Ha Ta3VI M03ai1Ka

ce e yKa3aJla pa3pyweHa npVI orKpVIBaHeTO,.H, KaKTO ce BVIm,IJ,a OTb cpaBHeHVIero Ha ra6n. XVIII 1 Cb

o6p. 35. npt.AVI )J,a 6~~ npt.HeCeHa Bb HapO)J,HVI51 My3et1, T51 e 6VIJ1a BHVIMaTeJlHO pecraBpVIpaHa VI TO Cb

KaMbYera, HaMt.peHVI OKOJlO CaMara M03aVII<a, Tbt1 Ye pecraspVIpaHVITt. Mt.cra MJK4HO ce pa3no3HaBaTb.

npt.)J,VI OUJ,e )J,a 6JK)J,aTb Ol<OH4aTenHVI pa34VICTeHVI )J,Bi:.Tt. M03aVIKVI, a3b 6i:.Xb VI3Ka3anb npt.)J,

nonoH<eHVIeTO, Bb3b OCHOBa Ha Ti:.XHaTa TeXHVIKa VI O?HaMeHTVIKa, 4e no-crapara (AOJ1H51Ta) M03aVIKa

rpt.6sa )J,a ce )J,aTVIpa npV16nVI3VITenHo Bb spt.Mero Ha KoHcraHTVIHa BeilVIKVI (HaYaJlOTO Ha YeTBbproro

CTOJli:.TVIe), a ropH51Ta Bb Kpa51 Ha CJKW,OTO CTOni:.TVIe. 1) no-KbCHVI HaXO)J,l<VI nOTBbp)J,VIXa TOBa npi:.)J,nO

nOH<eHVIe - Bb nbpBaTa MY 4aCTb HanbnHO, a Bb BTOpara Cb MHOrO ManKa MO)J,VIcpV1KaiJ,!151, npVI )J,VI

raHeTO Ha ropH51Ta M03aVIKa npt.3b 11t.roro 1911 ro,IJ,. ce HaMt.pVIxa Bb HacVIna MeH<AY ABt.rt. M03aVIKVI

21 Manl<VI Mi:.,IJ,HVI MOHeTVI, OT4aCTVI MHOrO )J,06pt. 3ana3eHVI, KOVITO HVI )J,aBaTb CVIrypHa XpOHOnOrVI4eCl<a

6:'13a, noHeme npbCTbTa Mem.IJ,y M03aVIKVITB He e Morna )J,a 6,'KIJ,e o6pbw,aHa ornocnt. VI cnt.AoBaTeJlHO e

ocraHana 3ana3eHa KaKTO orb no-paHWHVI, TaKa VI OTb nO-KbCHVI npVIMt.cVI. Tt.3VI MOHeTVI CJK cnt.AHVITt.:

n VI U VI H VI (308-324 rO,!J,.).

1. IMPCVALLICINLICINIVSPFAVG. tJlaBa Ha nVIIJ.VIHV151 Cb ,IJ,VIa,IJ,eMa Ha)J,eCHO.

On. IOVICONS ERVATORI. !OnVIrepb ronb, npaBb, Hant.so, MaHTVI51ra Bbpxy nt.soro MY

paMo, Bb )J,ecHara CVI pJKKa Abp>t<VI 8VIxropV151 Bbpxy rno6ycb, a Cb nt.sara ce onVIpa

1) Jahrbuch des deutschen archaol. lnstituts XXVI, 1911, Flnzeiger 361.

--

MoHen1 HaM-EpeHH Me}f{ny M03aHKHT-E 57

Ha Abnbrb Cl<l-inTbpb; Bb ntso nptAb Hero openo Cb stHeU,b Bb '-IOBI<aTa. Bb noneTo

OTneCHO N H S e.[I.HO Bbpxy Apyro, a Bb 0Tpt3a OTAOnt SMNr. - ,[],HaM. 25 MM. 0TnH'-IHO

3ana3eHb eJ:<3eMnn51pb. H. Cohen, Description historique des monnaies frappees sous

!'empire romain VII 196, 70.

BaneHTHHHaHb I (364-375 ro.r:~.).

2. DNVALENTINI[AN]VSPFAVG. ,[J,panHpaHb 610CTb Ha BaneHTHHHaHa Cb AHaAeMa, Ha.r:~ecHo.

On. [GLOR]IARO MANORVM. BaneHTHHHaHb Bb soeHHO o6nt1<no Ha.r:~ecHo, o6pbw,a rnasaTa

c1-1 Hantso H TernH 3a I<OCaTa nosaneHb Ha 3eM51Ta nnenHHKb; Bb ntsaTa p.~KKa Abp>t<H

3HaMe (labarum). Bb noneTo OTAecHo D, Bb OTpt3a BSISC.- 19 MM. Cohen VIII 88, 12.

3. [DNVAL]ENTINI [ANVSPFAVG]. C.IKW,I-151Tb 610CTb.

On. GLORIA [ROMANORVM]. C.~KW,1151Tb THnb. Bb noneTO OTAeCHO 8, Bb oTpt3a TES.- 18 MM.

4. [DNVAL]ENTINI[ANVSPFAVG]. C.~KW,1151Tb 610CTb.

On. GLORIA [ROMANORVM]. C.~Kw,I151Tb THnb, o6a'-!e AOCTa H3Tp11Tb; MOHeTaTa OT'-IaCTH e

OT'-IyneHa. - 16 MM.

5. C.~KW,aTa MOHeTa, o6a'-le MHOfO H3TpHTa, OC06HO Onai<OTO.

6. DNVALENTINIAi'oV]S PF AVG]. C.~KW,I151Tb 610CTb.

On. SECVRITAS RE[IPVBLI)CAE. BHKTOpH51 Cb stH2U,b 11 nanMoso KnOH'-Ie TH'-Iaw,a Hantso.

Bb noneTo omtso 3Bt'3Aa, R H 0 eAHO Bbpxy .r:~pyro, OTAeCHO M Cb TO'-IJ:<a OTAOnt. Bb

OTpt3a rSISC.- 19 MM. 0T'-IaCTH OT'-IyneHa H TBbpAt cna6o 3ana3eHa. Cohen VIII 92, 37.

BaneHCb (364-378 ro.r:~.).

7. DNVALEN SPFAVG. ,[J,pan1-1paHb 610CTb Ha BaneHca Cb AHaAeMa, HoAeCHO.

On. SECVRITA[S] REIPVBLICAE. BI11<TOpH51 m'-law,a Hantso (.r:~ocTa H3TpHTa). Bb noneTo OT

ntso K 11 P e.r:~Ho Bbpxy.r:~pyro, Bb oTpt3a ASISC.- 18 MM. Cohen VIII 110, 47.

8. DNVALEN [SPFAVG 1. C.~KW,I151Tb 610CTb.

On. SECVRITAS [REIPVBLICAEJ. C.~Kw,H51Tb THnb. Bb noneTo oTntso ..l. 6yt<BHTt Bb oTpt3a

H3TpHTI1. - 16 MM.

r p a L.l, H a H b ( 367- 368 fO,[\.).

9. DNGRATIA NVSPFAVG. ,[l,parmpaHb 610CTb Ha (pau,I--taHa Cb AHaAeMa, 1-la.r:~ecHO. On. CONCOR DIAAVGGG . .>t<.eHa Cb wneMb Ha rnasaTa (nepcOHHqmKaU,1151 Ha rpa.r:~a P11Mb),

ce.r:~Hana Ha TpOHb, rnasaTa 11 o6bpHaTa Hantso, Bb ntsaTa c11 pi'KI<a Abp>t<H Abnbrb

Cl<l1nTbpb, a Bb .r:~ecHaTa rno6ycb. Bb oTpt3a CONSA. - 19 MM. 0TnH'-IHO 3ana3eHb

eJ:<3eMnm!pb. Cohen VIII 125, 3.

BaneHTHHHaHb II (375-392 ro.r:~.).

10. DNVALENTINIANVSPFAVG. ,[J,pan11paHb 610CTb Ha BaneHTHHHaHa II (cbsctMb MnaAb) Cb

,[\Yia,[leMa, Ha,[leCHO.

On. VOT X MVL T XX Bb '-!eTI1p11 pe.r:~a, u,tnoTo Bb nasposb stHeu,b; Bb OTpt3a CONt..

- 14 MM. Cohen VIII 148, 73.

Teo.r:~ocH I (379-395 ro.r:~.).

11. DNTHEO:DOSIVSPFA)VG. ,[J,pan11paHb 610CTb Ha Teo.r:~oc1151 I Cb A~-'~oAeMa, HaAeCHO.

On. (SALVSREIIPVBLICAE. B11l<TOp1151 TH'-Iaw,a Hantso, rnasaTa 11 o6bpHaTa Ha3aAb, sne'-le

cntAb ce6e CH 3a J<OCI1Tt na,[\Hanb Ha 3eM51Ta nneHHHI<b. 6yi<BHTt Bb 0Tpt3a He nH'-IaTb.

- 14 MM. ,[],acTa H3Tp11Tb eJ:<3eMnn51pb. Cohen VIII 158, 30.

12. DNTHEODO[SIVSPF]AVG. Ci'KW,H51Tb 610CTb.

On. SALV[SREIPVBLICAE]. Ci'KW1151Tb THnb, o6a'-!e no-pa3saneHb 0T'-IaCTY1 OT'-IyneHa. -14 MM.

Cs. Co<jm•. 8

58 no-cTap11 <:rpanl1 Ha Mt.<:TOTO Ha Cs. Co<jJHil

13. DNTHEODOSIVSPFAVG . (IKW,1151Tb 610CTb.

On. VICTORIAAVGGG. B11Krop1151 Cb si;Heu,b 11 nanMa Tl14aw,a Hani;3o. Bb orpi;3a ASIS .

- 14 MM. ,Uo6pi; 3ana3eHb eK3eMnn51pb. Cohen VIII 159, 41. 14. DNTHEODOSIVSPFAVG. (IKW,I151Tb 610CTb.

On . [VIR]TVSAVGGG. Teo.D,OCI1, Bb soeHHO o6ni;Kno, npaBb, Hani;so, Bb Kopa6b(?), ryp51

e.D,I1HI151 c11 KpaKb Bb?XJ na.D,Hanb Ha 3eM51Ta nneHHI1Kb; Bb .D,eCHO B11Krop1151 (?) . - 17 MM.

OnaKoro e MHoro 113rp11ro 11 o6pa311Th e.D,Ba nl14arh. Cohen VIII 160, 51.

F\ p K a A 11 (395-408 ro.D,.).

15. [DNAR]CADIVSPFAV G]. ,Upan11paHb 610CTb Ha f\pKa.D,I-151 Cb .D,Ha.D,eMa, Ha.D,eCHO.

On. VOT X MVLT XX Bb 4eTI1pH pe.D,a , u,i;noro Bb naBpOBb si;HeU,b. Bb orpi;3a . . . . N. -

13 MM. Sabatier, Monnaies Byzantines I 107, 48.

16. [DNAR]CADIVSPFAVG. Ci'K W,"151Tb 610crb . OnaKoro e CbBCi;l'1b pa3saneHo, TbH Ye H11W.O He

ce pa3n03Hasa . - 14 MM.

17. DNARCADIVSP[FAVG]. CIKW.H51Tb 610crb. OnaKOTO e CbBCi;Mb pa3BaneHo. - 14 MM.

18. Ocsi;Hb ri;311 eK3eMnn51p11, HaMi;p11xa ce Oll.\e 4er11p1-1, KOI1ro np11Ha.D,ne>+<aTb ciKw,o Ha

IV si;Kb, o6a4e Ci'h ronK03b 113Tp11TH, w,oro sna.D,i;ren11ri; He Morarb .D,a ce onpi;.D,i;n51Tb.

KaKTO ce BI1>H.D,a OTb TO:;! CnHCbKb, n04TI1 BCI14KI1 MOHeTI1 np11Ha.D,ne>+<aTb Ha BTOpara nono

BHHa Ha '-!eTBbpTHS! si;Kb. CaMo e.D,Ha orb ri;xb .D,arHpa OTb Ha'-!anoro Ha CIKW,I151 si;Kb. Karo B3e

MeMb npi;.LJ.b BI1.LJ.b, '-!e TbKMO ra3~1 MOHera e MHoro .D,o6pi; 3ana3eHa 11 '-!e TS! cnB.D,OBarenHo, npi;.LJ.I1

.D,a 6IK.D.e ~onry6eHa, He e 61-1na .D,bnro spi;Me Bb o6pbw,eH11e, ro nony'-laBaMe Karo repM11Hb ante quem

3a HanpaBara Ha .D,OnHS!Ta M03ai1Ka np11 0fli1311TenHO Kpa51 OTb u,apyBaHeTO Ha nl1li,I1HI151. Orb .D.pyra

crpaHa, noHe>+<e M03aHKara e 6Hna npi;.D,Ha3Ha'-!eHa 3a egHa UbpKBa, ro repM11HbTb post quem ce

onpi;.D,i;nS! Cb BbBe>H.D,aHeTO Ha Xp11CTH51HCTBOTO KaTO oqmu,HanHa penHrl151 B"b p11MCKaTa 11Mnep1151. no

ra311 npH'-111Ha .D,OnH51Ta M03ai1Ka rpi;6sa .D,a ce .D,ar11pa HaH-KbCHO Bb Ha'-!anoro orb u,apysaHero Ha

KoHCTaHTHHa BenHKH (312-337 ro.LJ.). ManKara U,bpKBa Cb .D,OflH1151 M03aH'-!eHb no.D,b (rn. crp. 55)

Mo>+<e .D,a ce C'-111Ta cni;.D,oBarenHo 33 nbpBara xp11CTI151HCKa U,bpKBa, KOS!TO e 611na H3.D,I1rHara Bb Co¢1151.l)

H11e BI1.D,i;xMe, '-le Me>+<AY MOHeTI1Ti;, ocsi;Hb eK3eMnn51pa Ha ni1U,11HI151, He ce cpi;w,aTb APYrH

OTb nbpBara no:l03HHa Ha '-!eTBbproro cronBrHe. Tosa e Cb3CBMb ecrecTBeHo, noHe>+<e, AO.D,i;ro Bb

npocHara u,bpKBa ow,e e 611na Bb ynorpi;6eHI1e, He e 611no Bb3MO>+<HO .D,a ce H3ry651Tb MHoro

napH BbpXy HeHHI-151 nO.D,b. MHoro6pOAHI1Ti; MOHeTI1 OTb BTOpara nonOBI1Ha Ha CIKW,OTO croni;r11e CIK

MornH o6a4e .D,a nona.D,Harh Bb HaCHna Bb?XY AOnHS!Ta M03ai1Ka caMo cni;.D,b pa3pyweHHero Ha

u,bp!<Bara, Koero cni;.D,oBarenHo rpi;6 aa .D,a e craHano ow,e Bb re'-leHHe Ha '-leTBbpToro croni;r11e.

KonKoro ce orHaC51 AO ropn51Ta M03ai1Ka, ro 11 HefiHara .D,ara ce onpi;_IJ,i;nS!, 6naro.D,apeHI1e Ha

MOHeTI1Ti;, Cb roni;Ma TO'-IHOCTb. noHe>+<e HaH-KbCHHrB MOHeTI1, HaMBpeHI1 Bb Hac11na Me>+<.D,y .D,Bi;TB

M03aHKI1, CIK ri;3H OTb 11Mneparopa f\pKa.D,I151 (3J5---4Q3 rO.:J. .), TO 51BHO e, '-!e ropHS!Ta M03ai1Ka rpi;6sa

Aa e 6Hna HanpaBeHa, aKo He ow,e Bb u,apysaHero Ha T03H 11Mneparopb, ro noHe HaCKopo cni;.D,b

Hero, Hfll1, Cb Apyrl1 AYMI1, ow,e Bb CaMOTO Ha4ano Ha neTOTO CT0,1i;THe.

VbBi;CTHO e, '-!e M03ai14HI151Tb nO.D,b Bb T03H BI1.D,b, KaKTO ro HaMHpaMe np11 no-crap11ri;

u,bpKBH Ha Mi;croro Ha Cs. Co:jJHS! (rexHH'-IeCKH51Tb H3pa3b e opus vermiculatum), e 6Hnb H3BbH

pe.D,HO MHoro pa3npocrpaHeHb Bb p11MCKO spi;Me. Hasci;K;K.LJ.i;, .D,i;ro CIK Bna.D,i;nl1 p11Mfl51HI1Ti;, orb

5pHraHI151 .LJ.O f\:jJpHKa 1-1 orb VlcnaHH51 AO C11p11S1, ce HaM11parb MHoro6po~HH no:::rpo~KI1, 611no o6-

w,ecrseHH crp3Il,H, 611no '-!aCTHI1 Ki'K ll.\'-'1, 4HHTO no.D,OBe CIK no!<pi1rH Cb M03aHKH. Heo5HKHOBeHoro p33-

1) Tpt.6sa na <:e 3a6t.nt.ml1, Lfe UbpKB:'!Ta 611 Morna na 6Niae <: b rpaaeHa 11 no·p3HO. 1--bst.<:rHO e, 4e npt.n11 owe xp11<:TI11!H<:TBOTO na 6Nine np113Haro 3a o<P11u11anHa pe1111r1111, Xp11CT111lHI1Tt. CHi MOrlll1 ll~ 113BbpWBaTb Ha onpt.nt.neH11 o6wenseH11 Mt.CTa csoeTo 6oro<:nymeHI1e. TaKHBa Mt.CTa <:" 6111111 npt.n11 BCI14KO UI1MI1Tep;.!aiiHI1ffi

UbPKBI1, nt.TO UbpKOBHaTa cnym5a, <:Bbp3aHa Cb Kynra Ha MbpTBI1Tt., He e <:e XBbplllllla TbH CI111HO Bb 0411. OoHe)f(e 11 HawaTa UbpKBa, KaKTO BHnt.xMe, e 61111a U11MI1-Tep11a11Ha, TO Til 611 Morna na 6Niue. nonpoeHa owe npt.Jb Tpemll st.Kb, KoraTo Bb Co<tJ1111 Tpt.6sa na e 11Ma!IO Be4e llOCTaTb4HO Xp11<:T11 1l H11 .

.Uara 11 xapaKrepb Hil M03aHK11rE Bb Cs. (Q(jJHS! 59

npoCTpaHeHVIe Ha Ta3J.1 MOAa Bb BeWIKVI enoeBe Ha pHMeKOTO o6w,eeTBO e npWIHHVInO VI 6bp3V151 OT

naAbKb Ha M03aVIYHOTO V13KyeTBO, KOeTO ee ebB3eMa OTHOBO VI AOeTVIra ron-5MO pa3BVITVIe Bb BVI3aH

TVIHeKO sp-BMe, HO He seye Karo nOAOBa, a Karo CT-5HHa M03ai-1Ka. 1) 3aeAHO eb MHoro APYrl-1 aHTVIYHVI

rpaAVIU,VIVI, nOAOBaTa M03aVIKa e 6VIna Bb3npV1eTa VI OTb nbpBVIT-5 Xp1-1CTJ.151HVI, KOVITO Ha Aparo Cbpu,e

CJK 5I ynorp-5651sanVI npVI yKpaeara Ha eBOVIT-5 Ha~-erapVI xpaMose.~) 06aYe no rosa sp-BMe T51 BeYe

ee HaMVIpa Bb nbneHb OTnaAbKb J.1 npV16nVI>KaBa eB051 KpaH. ¢r1rypaHIBHVIT-5 KOMn03VIli,HVI, KOVITO

Gil. CbeTaB51nVI e?Kw,eeTBeHaTa YaeTb Ha no-erapVIT-5 pVIMeKVI M03aJ.1KJ.1, eTaBaTb see no-p-5AKVI VI no

p-5AKH. Cera np-Bo6naAaBaTb reoMerpVIYeeKHT-5 qmryp1-1, KOVITO e?K ce H3nbnH51BanVI MHoro no-neeHO

KaMeHHVIT-5 Ky6Yera, Bb HHrepeea Ha no-6bp3ara pa6ora , e;v;.w,o e?K ee ysenHYasanVI noereneHHO no

o6eMb, a raMara Ha u,s-Broser-5 see noseye e o6-BAH51Bana, KaKro rosa MO»<eMb Aa KOHerarV~paMe

MHoro A06p-5 VI np1-1 HaWHT-5 M03aVIKVI. Ben-BAeTBVIe

Ha TOBa Kai<TO I<OHTYPHT"E, TaKa VI KOMn03VIl.I,J.151Ta e

3arpy651sana, pa6orara e crasana no-He6p-5»<Ha VI

BeVIYKO ee e ese>t<Aano no Bb3MO>KHOeTb l<bMb no

npoem reoMerpVIYeeKVI cp1-1rypV1. Tosa, Koero MaHero

pbTb He e MO»<anb Aa np'EAaAe Yp-53b cpOpMVIT-5 ,

TOH ro e no51eH51Banb Yp-53b HaAnHeVI, Cb Koero ee

0651eH51Ba YeeTOTO ynorp1;6eHVIe Ha HaAnVIeVI Bb Kbe

HOpVIMeKVIT-5 M03aHKH. Bb 3aM-EHa Ha r-53VI H.eAO

erarbu,H ee e pa3BVIna 3Ha YVITenHa cp?K YHoerb 11

He06VIKHOBeHa 6bp3HHa Bb pa6orara, KOHTO e?K AO·

KapanVI ron-5MO noecpTVIH51BaHe Ha M03aVIYHOTO 1-13-

KyeTBO, Ha KOeTO ee VI Abn>KH HerOBOTO WeipOKO pa3-

npoerpaHeHJ.1e.

LI,-BnVI51Tb T03VI npou,eeb Mo»<e Aa ee npo

en-BAVI VI Bb HaWVITt : M03aVIKVI. HV~e BVIA-BxMe, ye r-E

AaTVIpaTb OTb pa3HVI Bp-5MeHa, eb KOeTO Ce 0651eH51Ba

VI pa3nVIKara Bb r-BxHOTO Vl3nbnHeHVIe. Bb Ha~-erapara

Yaerb (AonH51Ta nonOBVIHa Ha ra6n. XIX) KaMbYerara e?K

HaH-ManKVI, us-Broser-5 - 6naroAapeHHe Ha npHM-Bee

HVIT-5 eTbKneHVI Ky6YeTa - HaH-pa3H006pa3HVI, OpHa

MeHTHKaTa He e VI3KntOYVITenHo reoMerpVIYeeKa. BeYe

Bb nO-KbeHaTa LJaeTb Ha e?KW,aTa M03aVIKa (ropH51Ta

06p. 40. Mo3a HKa orb CanapescKa 6aHS! .

nonOBVIHa Ha ra6nV~u,a XIX) KaMbYerara erasarb ManKo no-ron-BMVI, u,s-Eroeer-5 no-npoerVI, a paeTVI

renHHT-5 opHaMeHTVI ee H3M-5CT51Tb noseye OTb reoMerpVIYeeKVI cpV~rypVI. Ow,e no-ron-BMa CTasa ra3VI

pa3nHKa Bb cpasHeHVIe eb rOpH51Ta M03aVIKa. J-1Jo6w,o MO>KeMb Aa Ka>KeMb, Ye BeVILJI<VI T'E3VI oeo6-

HOe1VI VI HeAOeTaTbl.l,l1, KOVITO V13TbKHaXMe npVI OnVIeaHVIeTO Ha HaWHT'E M03aHKVI, He eb"CTaB51Tb T-5XHa

eneu,VIcpHYHa oeo6HoeTb, K051TO Aa ee 0651eH51Ba Hanp. eb ena60TO pa33VITI-1e Ha M-5eTHOTO VI3KyeTBO, HO

e?K Bbo6w,e xapaKrepHH 3a enoxara.

1) rn. OTnH'lHala MOHOrpa¢HS! Ha P. G au c k I e r y Daremberg-Saglio, Dictionnaire des antiquites Ill 2088-2126 nonb nyMara musivum opus 11 orntnHo, ntro e u11r11paHa 11 no·cTJpara n11reparypa. Cneu11anHo 3a era poxp11cr11S!HC 1< ara ~I03ai1Ka cp . Kraus, Geschichte der christlichen Kunst I 399-404; Leclercq, Manuel d'archeologie chretienne II 193 en . 11 Clii.WHS! asropb y Cabro I, Dictionnaire d 'archeologie chretienne I 715-723.

2) np11Mtp11rt 3a rosa Hi>WO C/il. MHOro6pOHHH. Cn~CbKb Ha no-rnaBH11rE a¢pHKaHCKI1 UbpKB11 Cb raKa!la

M03ai1Ka nasa HanocntnbKb Leclercq y Cabral, Dictionnaire d'archeologie chretienne I 722. Orb C11p11S1 we cnoMeHeMb 6a311n i1Kara Bb .ileHpb·Ce:>~aHb (Y c n e H c K i H, vf3stcriSI pyccK. apxeon. HHCrHryra lib KOHCraHrHHOnoni; VII, 1902, 187 en .) 11 npyrH 6 UbpKBH npH Mane6a Bb nanecrHHa (na s noscKi H 11 Knyre, naKb raMb VIII, 1903, 87 en.), 'lHHrO M03il11'lHI1 nonose noKa3Balb H Bb opHaMeHrHKara roni>Mo cxoncrso Cb HawHrl;. 3a npH· Mi>p11 Orb 6anKaHCKHS! nonyocrpOBb H cneu11anHO Orb 6bnrap11~ rn. no-non-E crp. 60.

60 no-crapH crpanH Ha Mi:;croro Ha Cs. Cocjm11

Mo3aY!lJHYI no)J,ose crK HaMY!paHY! 11 Apyrb nrKTb y HaCb, Hanp. Bb Crapa-3aropa, KIOcTeH)J,Yinb,

np11 c. B11Haposo Bb 4HpnaHCKO 11 Bb CaMara Cocjm51. 1) Hanocni>AbKb e 611nb oTKpY!Tb M03aYilJeHb

nO)J,b 11 np11 c. CanapescKa 6aH51, ,lJ,ynHYIWKO, 2) K0~1To noKa3sa raKOBa roni>Mo CXOACTBO Cb ropH51Ta

M03aY!Ka OTb Cs. Cocjm51, w,oro rpi>6sa )J,a ce np11eMe, lJe 11 )J,Bara no)J,a crK npaseHY! orb CrKUJ,Y!Ti>

MaHCTOpY! (rn. o6p. 40). n p11 BCY!lJKYI Ti>3YI M03aY!KYI He MO»<e )J,a ce Ka»<e, Kb:vtb KaKBYI crpa)J,YI C?

npY!Ha)J,ne»<anYI, TbH Karo rt ow,e He CrK )J,OCTaTblJHO Y!3cn-tnsaHYI. EAYIHCTBeHara YI3Bi>crHa AO cera

y HaCb UbpKBa Cb M03aY!lJeHb nO)J,b, Ha KOHTO e 3ana3eHb OTlJaCTYI 11 naTY!HCKYI Ha)J,nY!Cb, e Ta3YI,

K051TO 6-t OTKPY!Ta Hanocni>)J,bKb npY! nn-tseHb. 8) 3a »<anOCTb 11 T51 ow,e He e o6HapO)J,BaHa KaKTO rp-t6sa.

C~Kw,o 11 Bb CbC BAHYIT-t HaMb crpaHY! CrK HaMi>peHYI Hi>KOYI U,bpKBYI Cb M03aY!lJHYI no)J,ose,

OTAi>To ce BYI»<Aa, lJe nO)J,06HY! ubpKBYI ctK 611n11 e)J,HO spi>Me nocra pa3npocrpaHeHY! 11 Ha 6an

KaHCKYI51 nonyocrposb. Ha nbpso Mi>cro rp-t6sa )J,a cnoMeHeMb oTKpY!rara npi>3b 1906 ro)J,. 6a3Y!nY!Ka

Bb nona Ha ,lJ,anMaTY!HCK¥151 6pi>rb, K051TO Ci'i'-.UJ,O e 611na LJ,YIM;TepY!anHa LJ,b?i<Ba 11 lJYIHTO nO)J,b no

Ka3Ba Bb sc-tKo e)J,HO OTHOWeHY!e roni>Mo CXOACTBO Cb ropH51Ta M03aY!Ka OTb Cs. Cocjm51. ~) Hi>KOYI

opHaMeHTYI, Karo 'nnereHY!uara, lJeTY!pY!crpaHHYITi> 3Bi>3AYI Cb KBaAparY! noMe»<AY 11Mb 11 AP·· c;r:..

e)J,HaKBYI 11 Bb ABi>r-t M03aYIKYI. ,lJ,pyrH crapoxp11CTYI51HCKYI ubpKBYI Cb no)J,06HY! no)J,~Be c;r:.. OTKPYITYI naKb

Bb nona 5) 11, n6 Ha c-tsepb Bb IO»<Ha f\scrp¥151, Bb Celeja G) 11 Teurnia. 'J ,1J,o6bpb cpaBHY!TeneHb Ma

repY!anb HYI )J,aBaTb 11 MHoro6poHHYITi> M03aY!lJHYI nO)J,OBe OTb pY!MCKYI crpaAYI Bb 6ocHa 11 XepuerOBY!Ha. 8)

3acny»<asa HaH-nocn-t )J,a ce or6sni>»<YI, lJe M03aY!KY!Ti> OTb Cs. Cocjm51 He CbiJ.bp»<aTb HYITO HaA

nHCH, HYITO Hi>KaKBYI CTapoxp11CH151HCKI1 eM6neMYI, KOIHO )J,a yKa3BaTb Ha Ti>XHOTO CaKpanHO npi>)J,Ha3HalJe

HY!e. Ti>311 Hi>w,a snpolJeMb He c;r:.. Heo6xo)J,I1MYI 11 ri>xHara n11nca He Hl1 )J,asa npaso )J,a ce CbMH51BaMe,

lJe M03al1lJHI1rl nO)J,OBe CJi'.. 611n11 npaBeHY! cneLJ,YianHO 3a KOHCTaTHpaHYITi> OTb HaCb U,bpKBI1. 0THO

CY!TenHO HaAnHCHTi> HMa )J,a 3a6-tni>»<I1Mb, lJe r-t nHnc&aTb Hanp. 11 Bb cnoMeHarara ManKo no-rapt,

LJ,11MI1Tep11anHa 6a3Y!ni1Ka Bb nona. (;r:..w,o TaKa He MO»<e )J,a HYI OlJY)J,Ba nHnCaTa Ha 06YIKHOBeHI1Ti>

CTapoxp11CTI151HCKI1 eM6neMI1, KaTO XpY13MaTa Bb pa3HI1rl J.1 cpopM11 11 KpbCTbTb, TbH KaTO lJpi>3b Ti>XHOTO

nOCTaB51He Bbpxy nO)J,a, no KOHTO BCi>KI1 e MI1Hasanb, Ti> 611xa Ce npocpaHysanH. VI3Bi>CTHO CKp11TO

CI1MBOnl1lJeCKO 3HalJeHI1e UJ,e rpi:,6sa MO»<e 611 BCe naKb )J,a np11ni1WeMb Ha Hi>KOI1 OTb OpHaMeHTI1Ti>,

Hanp. Ha sa311Ti>. Ha11CTI1Ha, ri>311 noCJli>AHHTi> ce ynorpi>651BaTb MHoro lJecro Bb KbCHOpHMCKOTO

113KYCTBO KaTO CbBciMb 0611KHOBeHI1 OpHaMeHTI1 6e3b HY!KaKBO 3HalJeHHe. 06alJe nbpB11Ti> Xp11CTI151HI1

CKOpO 11Mb CJi'.. np11)J,an11 CI1MBOnl1lJeCKO 3HalJeHI1e KaTO OnHLJ,eTBOpeHY!e Ha Bi>psaUJ,¥151. D) (Ji'..UJ,OTO Hi>UJ,O

MO»<e )J,a ce Ka»<e 11 3a nr11u11rl (rbni'i'-.611), KOHTO Hrpa51Tb MHoro roni>Ma pon51 Bb crapoxp11CTI151H

cKaTa CI1MBOni1Ka KaTO OnYILJ,eTBOpeHHe Ha lJOBi>WKaTa )J,ywa. 10)

(b no-roni>Ma CY!rypHOCTb MO»<eMb )J,a npHeMeMb CYIMBOnHlJeCKO 3HalJetme np11 Yl306pa»<eHY!51Ta

Bb anrapHara M03ai1Ka Ha HaH-crapara ubpKBHua (ra6n. XVIII 1 ). ,lJ,bpserara 11 pacreHH51Ta, sa3Y!Ti>

Cb LJ,Bi>T51Ta, HaKau,anHrl nO T"EXb nTYILJ,YI - BCI1lJKO TOBa OnY!LJ,eTBOp51Ba Cnope)J,b CTapoXp11CTYI51HCKaTa

CYIMBOnHKa pa51 Cb AYWHrl Ha npase)J,HHTi>. TbKMO e)J,HO raKosa Y!3o6pa»<eHY!e e 611no Ha Mi>croro

CYI Bb anCYI)J,aTa Ha U,bpKsara, Ai>To c;r:.. ce 113BbpwsanH 6orocny»<e6HYITi> TaY!HCTBa.

1) 3a nbpsHrt nsi:; rn. K~CHri:; Cbo6weHH5! Bb 1--bsi:;cr. Ha 6bnr. apxeon. npym. II, 1911, 264. 3a npyrHri:; nsi:; HBMa o6HaponsaHa no cera HHKaKsa 61;nl;mKa.

~) r. 1-1. KauapOBb, naKb TaMb 11,1911,189. 3) K. Bbnesb, naKbTaMb I, 1910, 209.Cp. H Jahrb.

des deutschen archaeol. lnstit. XXV, 1910, f\n*iger 393 cnc-·---4) f\. G n irs, Bb Jahrbuch der K. K. Zentrai-Kommis-

sion, Neue Folge IV, 1906, 247-256. 5) Mitteil. der K. K. Zentrai-Komm. XXVIII, 1902, 57-62. 1;) naKb raMb XXIV, 1898,219-225 Cb nerb ra6nHUH.

') Jahreshefte des Oesterreich. archaeol. Instit. XIll, 1910, Beibl. 162 en.

B) Glasnik zemaijskog muzeja u Bosni i Hercegovini V, 1893, 511 en.; VI, 1894, 1 en. Cb ra6n. IV; VII, 1895, 161 en. H 371 en.

g) Cp. F. X.· Kraus, Reai-Encykiopadie der christiichen f\IterthGmer I 578; L e c I e r c q y Cab r o I, Dictionnaire d'archeologie chretienne I 7I9.

10) Kraus, Gecch. der christi. Kunst I 99; L. von S y be I, Christiiche f\ntike I, M~~rg 1906, crp. 172 en.

06p. 41 - rpo6HI1U>1 Bb ane>J:rara Ha Cs. Co¢1151.

In f\ Bf\ IV

HeKpononbTb Ha UbpKsara Cs.Co¢H~ Bb 6m-13Kara OKOnHOCTb Ha Cs. Co<jJI-151, Koraro 1-1 Aa ce e Kona51no, BY!Harl-1 CJK HaMI-1-

paHI-1 MHoro6poHHI-1 rpaAeHI-1 rpo6HI-1UI-1, KaMeHHI-1 capKo<jJa31-1 1-1 o61-1KHOBeHI-1 rpo6ose. Tosa Hi;w,o

CBYIAt,TenCTByBa 3a eAYIHb TBbpAt, o6w1-1peHb HeKpOnOnb OKOnO L.I,bpKBaTa, 41-11-1TO rpaHYIL.J,I-1, CnOpeAb

AOCeraWHYITt, HaXOAKI-1, C.:K np1-16ni-131-1TenHO cni;AHYITt,: Ha ci;sepb AO 6yneBapAb ,Il,OHAYKOBb, 1) Ha

I-13TOKb AO 6ynesapAb <:PepAY!HaHAb, 2) Ha IDrb AO 6ynesapAb Uapb Ocso60AI-1Tenb 13) 1-1 Ha 3anaAb

si;po51THO YaKb AO yn1-1ua EeHKOBCI<I-1. 4) CnopeAb rosa l-13nl-13a, Ye HeKpononbTb e 3aeManb eAHO

npoCTpaHCTBO OTb OKOnO 500 MeTp:l Bb KBaApaTb. 8bpxy L.J,i;nOTO TOBa npOCTpaHCTBO He CJK HaMi;peHI-1

1) En11Hb Manbl1nb HaMt·

peHb Ha yn11ua Bpa6Ya, 120 M, Ha e-Bsepb OTb Cs. Co<j:>H51,

1<0raro e;y; ee KOn<J51nl1 oeHOB>JTt 3a era para Ki'I'\Wa Ha n-pb

K. Crol1nOBb. rn. 6p. w I{ 0 p n 11 n 0 B 11, C6opH. 3CI Hap.

yMOTB. II, 189J, 53. EnHa rpaneHa rpo6H>Jua 6-5 HaMtpeHa

Ha 2 IQHI1 1911 ron. Ha eaMH51 6ynesapnb !lOHllYI<OBb, 6nl130 no npteJ.-t'laHeTO My eb ynHUa nap11>1<b. rn. J.--bst

eTJ.-151 Ha 6bnr. apxeon. npy>~<. II, 1911, 268 en. 6nH30

.UO TOBa MteTO, Ha i'l'\rbna Ha yn. napH>!<b H Bpa6Ya,

61; OTI<pHTb, Bee no TOBa Bp-5Me, H enHHb l<beeHb Han·

rpo6eHb l<aMbl~<ecrseHo·

HHnyerpHanHoro YYHnHwe, 1<oero rpaHHYI1 eb 6ynesapnb

ct>epnHHaH.Ub 3a rpo6HHUHTt OTI<pHTH Bb Ubpi<BaTa F\n. Hesci<H rn. no-nont. 3a .upyr11rt H-BMa 3ana3eHI1 HHI<aKB11

6-l;n-5>1<1<11. En11Hb Hanrpo6eHb KaMblJ<e

CTBeHO·I1HnyerpHanHOTO YYHnHwe: J..13s-5eTI151 Ha 6bnr.

apxeon . .upy>~<. Ill, 1912, 14 en. n. 10. '1) MHoro6poi1HH rpo6HHI.lH e;y; oTKp11TH np-53b 1888

ron. Bb Henoep-BnerseHara OI<OnHoerb Ha HaponHoro eb-

6pa1me, Ha e-Bsepb 11 Ha 3ananb OTb Hero: rn. 6p. W 1<o p

nl1nOBH, C6opH. 3a Hap. yMors. II, 1890, 46 en. ~) 1lo6pye1<11 (C6opH. 3a Hap. yMOTB. XIII, 1896, 435)

6tnt>J<H, ye npt3b 1894 ron. 611nH orKpHT11 .rpo6ose eb

MbpTbBUI1, 3axnyneHI1 eb rontMH 1<epaMHnl1", 1<oraro ee

1<0naen11 OCHOBHT-5 3a npHeTpOHI<aTa l<bMb I<H51>J<eel<l151 nBO

peUb, I<051TO eeHaM11pa orraTblAVI OTb ApyrVI CTapV! nOCTp0111<VI, 0 :Bi>Hb rpo6HVIU,VI VI OCTaTbU,VI OTb ABi> CrpaAVI, I<OVITO

Vl3rneH<AaTh Aa CFK 611n11 u,bpi<BI-1. 1) To3VI o6w11peHb HeKpononb ce e Cb3Aanb c11rypHo Bb npOAbn

H<eHV!e Ha Hi>I<Oni<O CTOni>n151 VI TO TaKa, Ye npi>3b pa3HVITI Bpi>MeHa CaMO OTAi>nHVI YaCTVI OTb Hero

CFK 611n11 Bb ynoTpi>6eHV!e. Cni>Ab KaTo VI3Bi>cTHa YaCTb e 611na BeYe Vl3nbnHeHa, OTV!Bano ce e no

HaTaThKb, TbH Ye B'h eAHO VI CFKW,O Bpi>Me He CFK CTaBanV! norpe6eHVI51 no u,i>nOTO npOT51H<eHV!e Ha

He!<ponona. K.bMb TOBa 3al<niOYeHVIe HVI BOA51Th V13Bi>CTHVI pa3nVIYVI51, I<OVITO MOraTb Aa ce I<OHCTaTV!paTb

Bb pa3HVITi> MY YaCTVI.

HeKpononbTb oi<ono (B. Cocp1151 e pa3KonaBaHb Bb no-HOBO Bpi>Me np11 pa3HVI cnyYaVI

Ha Hi>I<Oni<O nrKTVI. npi:>3b 1888 rOA., I<OraTO ce e CHVIWaBano HVIBOTO OI<OnO HapOAHOTO Cb6paHVIe,

Ha IOrO-VI3TOI He3aAOBOnVITenHVI CBi>Ai>HI-151. ~) H~Mi>peHVITi> Bb Ti>Xb npi>AMeTVI CFK 611n11

np116paH11 ow,e Ha Bpi>MeTO CVI Bb HapOAHaTa 6VI6nVIOTeKa, OTAi>To nocni> CFK MV1Han11 Bb HapoA

HI-151 My3eH. noBeYeTO OTb Ti>3VI npi>AMeTVI (V!HB. 6 69-84 VI 87) CFK pa3HVI BVIAOBe CTbl<neHVIU,VI (o6p.

42-46), V13Bi>CTHVI 06VII<HOBeHO nOAb V!MeTO 6ancaMapV!V1, Kai<BVITO YeCTO ce cpi>w,aTb MeH<AY l<bCHO-

a 6 8

06p. 42. - CrbKJJeHHUH OTb HeKponona Ha Cs. CocpHS! (oKono 1/:1 eCTeClB. ronBMHHa).

pV!MCI<VITi> 11 CTapoxpVICTVI51HCI<VI HaXOAI<VI. Oco6Ho BH(1MaHVIe 3acnyH<aBa, nopaAVI He06VIKHOBeHaTa CVI

cpOpMa, CTbl<neHVIU,aTa o6p. 45, npVInVIYHa Bb riOnOH<eHV!eTO, Bb I<OeTO e cpOTOrpacpV!paHa, TBbpAi>

MHOrO Ha ne6eAb. T51 e BVICOI<a 15'2 VI Abnra 25 CM . .0,BaTa 11 1<pa51, I<OVITO 6e3b CbMHi>HVIe CFK 611n11

OTBOpeHVI, CFK OT'-IyneHVI. HaAe6eneHaTa YaCTb OTb AOnH51 CTpaHa e CVInHO BAaAeHa HaBFKTpi> VI e

3a06neHa, TbH Ye CTbl<neHVIU,aTa He MOH<e Aa CTOVI CB060AHO Ha He51. T51 e cnyH<V!na KaTO peTOpTa

3d BCMYI<BaHe Ha TeLJHOCTb, 1<051TO ce e Cb6V!pana Bb HaAe6eneHaTa 11 LJaCTb, Cb I<OeTO ce 0651CH51Ba

VI 06CTOS!TenCTBOTO, 3aW,O He e HarOAeHa Aa CTOVI npaBa. noA06HVI CTbl<neHVIU,VI CFK 113Bi>CTHVI VI OTb

ApyrVI Mi>CTa. Ti> CFK cnyH<WlVI 611no 3a onVITBaHe Ha BVIHO, 611no KaTo ToaneTHVI npV!HaAneH<HOCTVI 3a

napcp!OMVI. 3) Bb non3a Ha BTopoTO npi>AnonoH<eHV!e roBOpVI HaMV!paHeTo 11Mb Bb rpo6HVIU,VI.

1) fJJ, 6p. ill I< 0 p n H II 0 B H, C:6opH. 3a Hap. YMOTB.

II, 1890, 46 CJI. H npHIIO»<eHHS! KbMb CTaTHS!Ta HMb nJJaHb

Ha ra6n. I. 3a manoCTb Ta3H craTHS! e TBbpui:; Heyuosne

TBOpHrenHa (rJJ KpHTHYeCKHlB 6l;ni:;»<KH Ha fl. n pOTH Yb,

Cs. CocpHS!, crp. 31- 34). LlanH crpaaHn, YHHTO ocHOBH 6p. illKopnHJJOBH Ci'i'i HaHeCJJH Ha nnaHa, Ci'i'i 6HJIH HaH

CTHHa UbpKBH, e TBbpllB CbMHHTeJJHO. npH CHHWaBaHeTO

Ha HHBOTO Memuy UbpKsara FlneKCaHabpb HeBCKH H Ha-

pOllHOTO Cb6p3HHe, KOeTO ce H3BbpWH npt3b npOIIBTbTa

1912 rOll., ri:;3H OCHOBH 6l;xa HaHOBO pa3KpHTH, 6e3b

aa ce HaMBpS!Tb o6aYe .anCHllHTB", 3a KOHTO rOBOpS!Tb

6p. illKopnHJJOBH

2) 6p. illKopnHJJOBH, C6opH. Ja Hap. yMOTB; II, 1890, 46-60 Cb 5 Ta6JJ. fn. no-ropHS!Ta 3a6l;nl;mKa.

:1) Cp. Fl. K is a, Das Glas im Flltertume, Leipzig

1908, crp 352 H o6p. 334 Ha crp. 829.

CTapoxpHCH!SIHCKH CTbKilel!HUH 63

Orb Apyr1-1rl> C.:K)J,OBe 3acnymaea BHvtMaHJ.1e CTbt<JleHvtu,ara o6p. 46 (ropHvt51Tb et<3eMn1151pb),

HanpaeeHa Bb evtnb 11.:1 Ha)J,e6eneHa no cptAaTa enpyeen<a, )J,bJlra 45 CM. CTbKJleHJ.1u,ara e J.1Mana

caMo envtHb OTBOpb 1-1 e Morna )J,a CTOH caMo Bb nemaw,e nonomeHvte. Ta3J.1 cpopMa, K051TO ce cptw,a

vt Apyra)J,li , 1) rpt6ea )J,a e 6vtna AOCTa pa3npocrpaHeHa 1-1 Bb Cocpl-151, noHeme Bb Ci'i'-W.vtTt rpo6HJ.1U,J.1

Ci'i'- HaMtpeHvt ow,e )J,Ba no)J,06HH eK3eMnmtpa , crpoweHvt Ha HliKOJlKO 4aCTJ.1. Heo6vtKHOBeHa e Cli'-W.O

J.1 cpOpMaTa Ha CTbi<JleHvtU,aTa o6p. 43 Z, 1<051TO Bb )J,OJlHJ-151 CYI Kpa!1 e CHa6)J,eHa Cb TliCeHb OTBOpb

a 6 0 2

0 6p. 43. - CTbKJleHH UH OTb HeKpo no.1a 11a Ce. Co1m" (o Kono 1 :1 eCTeCTB. ront.MHH a).

3a J.13JlJ.1BaHe Ha Te4HOCTbTa . no)J,06Ha CTbi<JleHJ.1U,a 61; HaMtpeHa MJ.1HaJlaTa rOll,Y!Ha Bb e)J,Ha rpa)J,eHa

rpo6Hvtu,a np1-1 CnoKOW.YIU.:J, K.IOcTeH)J,Y!JlCKO. ~) OcraHaJlHTli CTbKJleHI-iU.H, KOYITO ce omvt4aBaTb no

rontMoro pa3Hoo6pa3J.1e Ha ¢opMaTa c1-1 (caMo OTb r1-1na o6p . 44 a Cli'- HaMtpeHI-1 ABa e)J,HaKBH eK-

3eMnn51pa), ce cptw,aTb no-4ecro. 3) Tt; ce )J,arvtparb o6vtKHOBeHo Bb Ill 1-1 IV etKb en . Xp. ~)

OceliHb CTbKJleHHU,HTt, Bb HapOAHH51 My3el1 Cli'- 3ana3eHJ.1 1-1 Apyrl-1 HtKOH nptAMem (HHB. 5 71,

73 11 77), HaMlipeHI-1 Bb Cli'-W,J.1Tli rp06HHLI,YI, a J.1MeHHO )J,Bli 6pOH30BYI cp1-16ynvt, e)J,Ha cnneCHaTa 6pOH-

a 6 8 z

0 6p . 4l - CTb Kil eHHUH OTb He Kponona Ha Ce. Co<jJH SI (oKon o 1 . ~ eCTeCTB. roJJ t.MHHa).

30Ba XaJlKa (AHaM. 3'3 CM.), MaJlKO p1-1MCI<O I<Jll04e (AbllrO CaMO 1·8 CM.), OKa4eHO Ha XaJlKa KaTO

npbCTeHb, e)J,HO 6pOH30BO KpbCT4e (BHC. 5"3 CM.) 11 )J,Bt rpHBHH OTb CJ.1He CTbi<JlO (AHaM. 6·2 CM.).

0Tb Tli3H npt)J,MeTH OC06eHb HHTepeCb nptACTaB51Tb, nopa)J,YI cp : ~I<CvtpaHaTa 11Mb )J,aTa, )J,BtTt cpvt-

6ynH, OTb I<OJ.1TO e)J,HaTa J.1Ma 06J.1KHOBeHaTa KpbCTOBH)J,Ha cpopMa, a ApyraTa e Cb CnHpanHa npy-

1) rn. Kisa, u . Cb4. CTp. 328 H Fo rmentaf. F\ o6p. 2. 2) I-13B. Ha 6bJJr. apx . .npy»<. II , 1911 , 285 en. H o6p. 21.

:1) Cp. Bbpxy Tt.xb Kisa, UHT. Cb4. CTp. 316 en. 4) K i sa, UHT. Cb4. CTp . 390-396.

1 ..

: ~·

ti4 HeKpononbTb Ha UbpKBaTa Cs. Co¢HII

mi1Ha. Cn-l:,,o,oaaTenHO 11 ,o,at,Tt, qm6yn11 He MoraTb ,o,a 6rr;.naTb no-I<bCHI1 OTb aTopaTa nonoa11Ha Ha

IV a-I:,I<b, Ha I<OeTo api:,Me np116ni1311TenHo Tpt,6aa ,o,a np11Ha,o,nemaTb 11 caMI1Tt, rpo6HI1LI,I1. 1)

3a aTop11 nrr;.Tb err;. 611n11 HanpaaeHI1 no-3HaYI1TenHI1 Haxo,o,I<I1 ab Hei<ponona oi<ono Ca. Co

qm51 npt,3b 1896 ro,o,., np11 nonaraHe ocHOai1Tt, Ha u,bpi<aaTa Anei<caH,o,bpb Heac1<11.2) To311 nrr;.Tb err;. 611n11

06p. 45. - (TbKJJeHHUa OTb Cs. Cocjm~ (1 ·a eCT. ron.).

OT1<p11TI1 Tp11 CTapoxp11CTI151HCI<I1 Ha,o,rpo6HI1

Ha,o,n11ca, 113,D,bn6aHI1 TBbp,o,t, rpy6o abpxy

TbHKI1 Mp51MOpH11 nnOYI1, 3) a TaKa crr;.w,o

Tp11 rpa,o,eHI1 Cb Tyxnl1 rpo6HI1LJ,I1 11 ,o,sa

orpa,o,eHI1 Cb nnOYI1 rpo6a. Bb e,o,I1Hb OTb

rpo6oaeTt, ce e HaM11pano CTbi<neHOTO Wl1-

weHu,e o6p. 44 a, s11c. 12·5 eM. CrKw,o 11

CTbi<neHI1LI,I1Tt, o6p. 43 8 11 44 6, 2, 1<011TO

cera ce na351Tb Bb Hapo,o,HI151 My3e~ Cb 6-l:,

n-l:,mi<a, ye npo113XO»<,o,aTb OTb pa3I<Oni<I1Tt,

np11 Ca. Cocj:>~-151 npt,3b 1896 ro,o,., Tp-1:,6aa

,o,a err;. 611n11 HaM-J:,peHI1 Bb Ht,I<051 OTb OT-

1<p11TI1Tt, no Toaa ap-I:,Me rpo6H11u,11. Bb

Hac11na oi<ono rpo6HI1LJ,I1Tt, err;. 611n11 Ha-

11 10 6pOH30al1 MOHeTI1, 1<011TO CfKW,O CfK

MOHeTI1Tt, ,o,a-1:, err;. OTb f{oHcTaHTI1Ha Ben111<11

np116paH11

(306-337

Mi:,peHI1 OW,e e,D,I1Hb 6pOH30ab npbCTeHb

ab Hapo,o,HI151 My3e~ (11Ha. 1266). 0Tb

ro,o,.), e,o,Ha OTb KoHcTaHTI1Ha II (337-340

ro,o,.), ,o,a-1:, OTb KoHCTaHLJ,1151 II (337-361 ro,o,.), YeT11p11 Heonpi:,,o,-l:,neHI1 OTb YeTabpT1151 s-I:,I<b 11 e,o,Ha

Bl13aHTI1~CI<a ,o,oCTa 113Tp11Ta, si:,po51THO OTb l0c:TI1Ha II (565-578 ro,o,.). Ha~-nocn-1:, ab 11HaeHTapa Ha

06p. 46. - (TbKJJeHHUH OTb Cs. CocpH51 (oKono 1 a ecrecrs. ronBMHHa).

My3e51 err;. sn11caH11 l<aTo npmnxo,o,51W,I1 OTb pa3I<Oni<I1Tt, np11 Ca. Cocj:>1151 npt,3b 1896 ro,o,. ow,e cn-l:,,o,

HI1Tt, npi:,,o,MeTI1: n. 1230: cj:>parMeHTb OTb nnoYa Cb rpbU,!<(1 Ha,o,ni1Cb ... OYNOMATOL, a-J:,po51THO OTb

Ha,o,rpo6eHb naMeTHI1I<b; n. 1268: ron-I:,Ma Tyxna, BI1COI<a 37, w11p01<a 30, ne6ena 5 eM., Cb HeYeTni1Bb

Ha,D,fli1Cb; n. 1281 : ,o,aa cpparMeHTa OTb l<aMeHHI1 nnOYI1 (ni:,CbYHI11<b) Cb pen11ecj:>H11 CTa poxp11CTI151HCI<I1

I) (bBbpWeHO HeCbCTOI!TeJJHO e 3aKJJI04eHHeTO Ha

6p. illKOpiiHJIOBH (UHT. M. CTp. 6Q), ye OTKpHTHlt. npH

Hap. cb6paHHe UbpKsH H rpo6HHUH 6HJJH BH3aHTHHCKH

H npoH3XO}I{LWJJH OTb spt.Mero, KoraTO Cocj:>HII ce HaMH

pana Bb p;r;UBTh Ha BH3aHTHHUHTB, OTb 1013-1186 ron.

~) KpaTKH cst.nt.HHII 3a Tt.3H Haxo!IKH nasa Do 6-

pycKH, C6op. 3a Hap. yMOTB. XIII, 1896, 435 en.

3) VI rpHTt. nn04H ce HaMHpaTb cera Bb Hapon

HHII My3eH. E!IHHHI!Tb Ha!lnHCb e JJaTHHCKH H rnaCH:

·f·Hic requ iescit Flo:rentia virgo ·f· (Do6pycKH, crp. 436; Corp. inscr. latin. Ill 1420721). Dpymrt. nsa HannHca c;r; rpbUKH: -\- ib&x 'l.X""CX(;t ~""i:E :\Jxp(x 1t ci.p&svo; -f (fl 0 6 p y C K H,

CTp. 436); -\-ib&x "/.X "tci.lt~"tE 'Ap. p.ou'l.l; it.1to ~EA'Yj'IOU'I "tO~-\- (flo-

6pycKH, crp. 437).

no-CTap11Ti; pa3KOn K11 Ha HeKponona 65

opHaMeHn1 11 n. 1282: KanaKb OTb ManbKb KaMeHeHb capKocpan,, ,o.bnbrh 0·89, w11pOKb 0·58, BI1-

COKb 0•28 M.

np-t3b 1900 fO,D.., KOraTO Ce npasi:;na MO,o.epHaTa l.l,bpKBHL.J,a

pa6b Ha Cs. Cocp1151, 611n11 orKpHTI1 ow,e H-EKonKo rpo6ose, 3a 1<011ro

HaM11paMe CaMO e,o.Ha CbBC-tMb !<parKa 6i:;ni:;mKa. 1) np11 ,D.Ba OTb T-E311

rpo6ose 611n11 ynorp-t6eHH Karo rpa.o.emeHb Marep11anb .o.sa no-crap11

Ha,o.rpo6HI1 naMeTHHL.J,H Cb rpbl.I,K11 Ha,o.n11c11. ~) Bb e,o.HHI151 OTb rpo6o

ser-t 611na HaM-EpeHa 3naTHara o6-tL.J,a o6p. 47, yKpaceHa Cb xy6asb

py611Hb, OKOnO KO~lTO Ci'K noCTaBeHI1 3naTHI1 113,D.aTbL.J,I1 Bb BI1,D.b Ha

ni'l'-411 (cera Bb Hapo,o.HI151 My3ei1). Bb Ci'l'.W,H51 rpo6b Ci'l'. 611n11 HaM-EpeHI1

ow,e: e,o.Ha 6poH30Ba cp116yna Cb 11rna, ,o.bnra 4'5 CM.; e,o.HHl:: 4onpa3b

Bb ,o.eCHI-151 crpaHI14eHb 1<0-

06p. 47. - 3narf'a o6i;ua

orb Cs. Cocjm11 (ecr. ron.).

OTb 6pOH3b, ,D.bnbrb 4'8 CM.; e,o.HO CTbKneHO WI1We, BI1COKO 17 CM. (o6p. 42 6)

e 611n0 HaMi:;peHO CaMO e,D.HO WI1We, BI1COKO Ci'l'.W,O 17 CM. ( o6p. 42 8 ).

Bb ,o.pyrara rpo6HHL.J,a

Hai1-nocn-t ocrasa .o.a cnoMeHeMb, ye .o.s-t rpa,o.eHI1 rpo6H11L.J,11 6-txa orKp11rH np-E3b n-Broro

1911 fO,D.. Bb OCHOBI1Ti:; Ha l.l,bpKBara f\neKCaH,D.bpb HeBCKI1, Ha ,D.bn60411Ha OKOnO 3"60 M. nO,D.b HI1BOTO

Ha nnow,a,o.a. :;) Bb e,o.Ha OTb r-E311 rpo6HI1l.l,l1 6i:; HaM-tpeHa CTbKneHI1L.J,aTa o6p. 48 6, BI1COKa 17·5 CM.

)J,pyra rpo6HI1L.J,a Ce HaM-Ep11 Bb Ci'l'.W,OTO spi:;Me 113BbHb l.l,bpKBara, Bb 10f0-113T04HI151 Kpai:i Ha ,D.BOpa,

2 M. nO,D.b HI1BOTO Ha nno

w,a,o.a.4) Ci'l'.w,o 11 orb ra311

rpo6HI1L.J,a 6-t 113Ba,o.eHa

e,o.Ha 3,o.pasa CTbKneHI1L.J,a,

BHCOKa 14 CM. (o6p. 48 a).

a 6

E,o.sa np11 pa3KOnK11T-E

np-E3b 1910 11 1911 ro,o..

Mama .o.a ce 113cn-E.o.sa no

CI1CTeMarwleCKI1, MaKapb 11

Ha ManKO npoCTpaHCTBO,

HeKpononbTb Ha Cs. Cocp1151.

Omp11r11r-E np-E3b rosa

sp-EMe rpo6H11L.J,11 11 rpo-

6ose Morarb .o.a ce pa3-

.o.-En51Tb no yCTpo.::icrso, Ma

rep11anb 11 rpa.o.emb Ha rp11

rpyn11, K011TO OT4aCTI1 Ci'K

pa3rpaHI14eHI1 11 no sp-EMe.

KbMb nbpsa:a rpyna np11-

Ha,o.nemarb KaMeHHI1rl cap-06p. 48. - CTbKJieHI1UI1 OTb Cs. Ca<jm11 (1 2 ecrecTB. roni;MI1Ha).

Kocpa311, KOI1TO 11 no Bpi:;Me

11,o.arb Ha nbpBo M-Ecro. Bropara rpyna o6eMa rpa,o.eH11r-t rpo6HI1UI1, KOI1TO Ci'l'. or4acr11 3acso,o.eHH, a

or4acr11 no1<p11r11 orrop-t Cb ron-EMa KaMeHHa nnoYa (nnoc1<11 rpo6H11L.J,11). Tper51Ta rpyna o6eMa o611K

HOBeHI1rl rpo6ose, KOI1TO np11Ha,o.nemaTb Ha MHOfO nO-KbCHa enoxa.

1) .llo 6 p yc Kl1, C6opH. 3a Hap. yMoTB. XVIII,1901, 778. 2) .llo6pyCKI1, UI1T. M. CTp. 777 n. 85 11 86 (npi;

neYaTaH11 11 y Ka ua po Bb, np11HOCb KbMb era para 11Crop1111 Ha Co<jJHII, crp. 83 n. 29 11 30).- Cnopenb 6i;ni;}f{

KaTa Bb MpeHHI111 11HBeHTapb (nonb n. 2222), nbpBaTa

Co. Co<j>Ho

OTb ri;311 n!IOYI1 e 611na ynorpi;6eHa KaTo noxnynaKb Ha eni1H1111 OTb rpo6osert.

3) V13si;cml! Ha 6bnr. apxeon. npy}f{. II, 1911,269. l) naKb TaM:b CTp. 269 CJI.

9

I ...

66 HeKpononbTb Ha UbpK13aTa Cs. Co¢H11

1. KaMeHHYI capKocpa3H

1. Capi<ocparb OTb 6-tn"t3HI1I<aBb eD,p03bpHeCTb n-Ecb4HI1I<b, BI1COI<b 6e3b noxnynai<a 0'88, D,b

Jlbrb 2·14 11 w11p01<b 1 M. 0TI<p11Tb Ha 3. XII. 911 roD,. Ha IOr0-113TOI<b OTb anc11D,aTa, OTD,aneYeHb caMo

3"90 M. OTb He51, Ha D,bn6o411Ha OI<ono 50 eM. noD,b HI1BOTO Ha nnow,aD,a (Ha Ta6n. IX np11 a).

noxnynaKbTb, I<Oi1TO Ce HaM11pawe OW,e Ha M'tCTOTO Cl1, HO 6-twe Be4e CTpOWeHb, 11Mawe CTp-txo

BI1D,Ha cpopMa Cb 4eT11p11 rpy611 ai<poTep11 Ha rr<.rn11T-t, Ci'i'.W,O I<ai<TO np11 capi<ocpara o6p. 52. Kop11-

TOTO 6-t nbllHO Cb npbCTb. H111<ai<BI1 np-ED,MeTI1, ocs-EHb H-EI<ol1 pa3XBbpll51HI1 I<OCTI1, He ce HaM-Ep11xa

Bb Hero. no BC114I<O ce BI1>1{D,a, Ye capi<ocparbTb e 611nb oTsap51Hb 11 orpa6eHb no-paHo. Ha eD,Ha

OTb D,bllr11T't CTpaHI1 Ha 1<0p11TOTO Ce HaM11pa rpbU,I<I1 HaD,ni1Cb Bb D,Ba peD,a, 41111TO 6yi<BI1, BI1C01<11

5 CM., Ci'i'. Be4e ll,OCTa 113Tp11TI1:

OK/\EINOCCTPATIAI ... CI8EOY/\ATPICEN8At.E ·o z./,:::cvc; cr:p=tt~ip[z"YJ]; (x=t): &:::(jQ Htp:; ev&io:::

KEITEIOY /\IAN OCr/\ YKEPOCTEPMEATEXV'JN BIOTOY 1) x:::~:::: 'b;/,:=t'li;~ y),uxe:po; tEpfl( e:)=t :(u )zwv i3:6t(;U.

HaD,ni1CbTb o6pa3ysa D,Ba cr11xa (xei<CaMeTp11) 11 rnac11 Bb np-EsoD,b: ,cnaBHI151Tb soeHa4aJlH11lI{I1i1 n0411Ba TYI<b, IOn11aHb, ll,04ai<aJlb w,aCTJ111BO I<pa51 Ha >1{11BOTa". no cpopMaTa Ha 6y-

06p. 49. -. LJacrH OTb crpoweHHII capKo¢arb c.

I<B11T't HaD,ni1CbTb w,e Tp-t6sa D,a Ce D,aT11pa nO-C!<OpO Bb I<pa51 Ha TpeTI151, OTI<OJli<OTO Bb Ha4aJlOTO Ha

4eTBbpTH51 st.I<b. Ha sc-E1<11 cnyYai1, I<ai<TO ce BI1>1{D,a OTb 113pa>l{eHI1eTo &:::(jQ /,itp~;, norpe6aHoTo Bb

capi<ocpara n11u,e e 611no xp11CTI151HI1Hb.

2. Capi<ocparb OTb sapoBHI1I<b, oTI<p11Tb Ha 10. XI. 910 roD,. Bb IO>I{HOTO OTD,-EneHI1e Ha Ha

np-E4HI151 I<opa6b (Ha Ta6n. IX np11 b). Toi1 e CbCTaseHb OTb OTD,"EllHI1 nno411, D,e6enl1 no 14 eM., 11

TO TaKa, Ye sc-EI<a OTb cTpaH11T-E MY ce o6pa3ysa caMo OTb eD,Ha nnoYa. noxnynai<bTb MY e Hanpa

seHb OTb D,B-t ron-EM11, nocTaBeHI1 cTp-txoBI1D,HO nn0411, eD,fiaTa OTb I<OI1TO ce HaM-Ep11 113M-EcTeHa 11

cyyneHa, Tbi1 Ye u.-tnaTa MY Bi'i'.Tp-EwHOCTb 6-t nbnHa Cb npbCTb. Capi<ocparbTb e BI1COI<b 3aeD,HO Cb

noxnynai<a 1·18, W11p01<b 1·22 11 D,bllbrb 2"07 M.; 1<0p11TOTO OTD,'tJlHO e LJ,bJ160I<O 0·87 M. 3anaD,HaTa

MY T-EcHa CTpaHa e OTC"E4eHa np11 nonaraHe Ha ocHOB11T-E 3a Cs. Cocp1151.

1) Bb sropHS! pe!lb CiK CBbp3aHH 6yKsHrt M H

E Bb JiyMaTa 't~pfl(s)o: H V'J, N H B Bb JIYMHTE 't(u)x.(iJv ~~~-

-=~~- Bb nbpBHSI pellb ell'. 6HnH csbp3aHH et.posnHO 6yK

B~<nt. H H [ Bb OKOH4aHHeTO Ha JiyMaTa o-:po:-:dpx.'Y);.

··. ,

KaMeHHH capKo¢a3H 67 ~~=-------~=-~--

3. 4acn1 OTb e,!l,HHb rontMb crpoweHb capKo<Parb 6txa pa3KpHTH ow,e Bb nbpBHTt AHH Ha

pa3KOnKHrl, 27-30. VII. 910 r., Ha ctsepHaTa CTpaHa Ha u,bpKBaTa (Ha Ta6n. IX npH c; rn. o6p. 49 H 50).

To3H capKo<Parb C.'i'\.W,O e 6HJlb HanpaBeHb OTb rontMH nn04H, ,[J,e6enH OTb 0·18-0·30 M. no,[J,bTb

MY ce CbCTOewe OTb TPH OTAtnHH nn04H, AbllrH 1·18-1 ·30 M. H wHpOKH OTb 0·56-0·70 M. E.o.Ha

OTb crpaHH4HHTt nno4H, KaKTO H e,!l,Ha OTb noxnynaKa, AOCTHraTb AbJl}!{HHa 2·40 M. UtnaTa ,!l,bn

}!{HHa Ha cap1<a<Para e 6Hna cntAOBaTenHo 2·40 M., a wHp04HHaTa MY 1·30 M. Bb npbCTbTa HaoKono

Ce HaMtpHXa ,!l,Bt 6pOH30BH CbBCtMb H3TpHTH MOHeTH (AHaM. 11 H 15 MM.) , KOHTO H3rJle}!{,[J,aTb ,!l,a C.'i'\.

OTb 4eTBbpTH~ BtKb.

4. KbMb capKo<Pa3Hrl w,e Tpt6sa Aa npH4HCJlHMb H KaMeHHaTa rpo6HHu,a, OTKPHTa Ha 2.VIII.

910 rO,!J,. Bb ctsepHOTO CTpaHH4HO OT,!l,tneHHe Ha npt)l.IJ.BepHeTO, Ha ,!l,bJ1604HHa OKOJlO 2 M. (Ha Ta6n.

0 6 p. 50. - 4acTH OTb crpoweHH51 capKo¢arb c.

IX npH d; rn. H o6p. 51 npH a). rpo6HHU,aTa e cbrpaAeHa OTb weCTb rontMH sapoBHHKOBH nn04H, AbllrH

OTb 0'82-1'05 M. , WHpOKH Q·5Q-Q·6Q M. H .11.e6eJ1H Q·27-Q·28 M., nOCTaBeHH sepTHKaJlHO no ,!l,Bt Ha

.1J.bllrHTt H no e,!l,Ha Ha K.'i'\.CHTt crpaHH. UtnaTa rpo6HHu,a e Ab!lra 1·65 M., wHpOKa oKono 1 M. H

.1J.bJ160Ka Q·7Q M. nn64HTt C.'i'\. 6HJlH CXBaHaTH nOMe}!{,!l,y CH Cb }!{eJlt3HH CK06H, KOHTO nO-KbCHO C.'i'\.

6HJ1H H3BaAeHH, TbH 4e nJl04HTt ce HaMtpHXa OT4aCTH H3MtCTeHH. HtKOH OTb TtXb Ha rOpH~Ta CH

crpaHa HMaTb H3Abn6aHH 6yKBH ttl , w, A H P, stpo~THO KaMeHoAtncKH 3HaKose. Ouopt rpo6HHU,aTa

e 6Hna 3cHBOpeHa Cb rontMH nJl04H OTb C.'i'\.W,H~ MaTepHaJlb, OTb KOHTO e,[J,Ha Ce HaMHpawe OW,e Ha

MtCTOTO CH. T~ e ,!J,e6ena 0'33, ,!l,bJlra 1·36, WHpOKa 0·75 M. H Ha e,[J,HaTa CH CTpaHa e npo<PHnyBaHa ,

OTAtTo ce BH}!{,!l,a, 4e e B3eTa OTb Apyra HtKaKsa crpa,!l,a . noAbTb Ha rpo6HHU,aTa 6t nocrnaHb Cb

rontMH 4eTBbpTHTH TyxnH, 30 X 31 H 31 X 31 CM ., no,!l,06HH Ha Tt3H, OTb KOHTO e rpa,o,eHa U,bpKBaTa. 1)

1) -8cH4KH '!aCTH Ha rpo6HHUaTa 6i;xa npi;HeCeHH

omocnt. Bb neopa Ha HaponHH51 Mpei1 , nt.ro rpo6HH -

naTa e noCTpOeHa OTHOBO Bb C}I;WH51 BH.!lb, KaKTO 6i; HaMi;peHa .

9*

68 HeKponoJJbTb Ha UbpKBaTa Cs. Cocjmll

Bb rpo6HHLJ,ara, K051TO cHrypHo e 6Hna orsap51Ha Yl no-paHo, ce HaM-tpHxa ABa cKenera, Cb

rnasHrB Ha 3anaAb, AbnrYI no 1·60 M., 4YIYITO KOCTYI 6-txa OT4aCTYI pa3M-EcreHYI- EAHO nap4e OTb 4e

pena Ha eAYIHY\51 CKeJleTb AOCTY!ra He06YIKHOBeHaTa Ae6eJlYIHa OTb 14 MM. no noAa Ha rpo6HYILI,aTa

ce HaM-EpHxa ow,e 6oposH s;y;.rneHYI Yl ApyrH cn-EAYI OTb ropeHe, a raKa c;y;.w,o Yl nap4eTa OTb Y\3-

rHHJla MaTepY\51. fpo6HY!LJ,aTa, KaKTO no CTpOeH<a CYI, TaKa Yl no fOJl-6MaTa AbJ1604Y\Ha, Ha K051TO CE

HaM-tpYI, Yl3rJJeH<Aa Aa 6;y;.Ae eAHa OTb Hai1-crapY!T-6 Yl AaTHpa s-tp051THO ow,e OTb Ill s-6Kb.

06p. 51. lpo6HHUH Bb c-tsepHOTO om-tneHHe Ha np-tnnsepHeTO Ha Cs. CocjJH5!.

5. TpH A06p-t 3ana3eHYI KaMeHHYI capKocpa3YI c;y;. 6HJ1YI OTKPYITYI 6nH30 AO Cs. CocpY151 np-EAYI

H-tKOJlKO rOAYIHYI. )],sara c;y;. 6Y1J1Y1 HaM-tpeHYI np-53b 51HyapY1 1884 roA. Ha c-tsepHaTa crpaHa Ha Cs.

CocpY151 Yl c;y;. 6Y1J1YI nocraseHYI Bb ABOpa Ha MJY;.H<Kara rHMHa3YI51, OTA-ETo c;y;. np-tHeceHYI Bb HapOA

HY\51 My3ei1. 1) EAY1HYI51Tb OTb r-txb, OTb CYITH03bpHeCTb 6-tn-53HYIKaBb sapOBHYIKb, e 3ana3eHb 3aeAHO

Cb noxnynaKa, KOi1TO e 6YIJlb npY1Kp-6neHb KbMb KOpYITOTO nocp-tACTBOMb AB-6 H<eJl-63HYI CK06YI Ha

r-tcHHT-6 cr-EHYI (o6p. 52). CapKocparbTb e BYICOKb 1·24. M, 6e3b KanaKa 0·79, AbJlbfb 2·15 Yl WYI

poKb 1 M. Cr-EHHT-6 MY c;y;. Ae6enH 15 CM. Ocs-EHb 4empHr-t rpy6H aKporepa Ha ;y;.rnHr-6 Ha KanaKa,

roi1 H-EMa APYrYI HYIKai<BYI yKpaweHY\51. B;y;.rp-t c;y;. 6Y1J1Y1 HaM-tpeHYI ABa cKenera, nocraseHYI Bb npo-

1) YlpeYeKb Bb Flrch.-epigr. Mitteil. X. 1886, 48; 6p. lliKopnHJJOBH. C6opH. 3a Hap. yMoTs. II, 1890, 53;

Y!peYeKb, n,v;.TyBaHH5!, CTp. 13.

fpaneHH rpo6HHUH Bb ancHnaTa 69

Tf1BOnOllO»<HO HanpasneHHe eAHHb cnpt.MO ApyrH , a TaKa Cli'\W,O I<OCTH!ll<l-1 OTb npaCKOBH H OCTa

TbU,H orb H3rHHllO Abpso, ApexH, u,st.r51 H nnoAOBe. 1) BropH51Tb capKocparb (o6p. 53), '-li-1Hro KanaKb

He e 3ana3eHb, e HanpaseHb orb eAp03bpHeCTb YepseHHKaBb nt.cbYHHKb. ToH e BHCOKb 1·22, Abllbfb

2·56 H WHpOKb 1·30 M. Crt.HHrt. MY

c;r:. Ae6enH 18 eM. Ha npt.AH51Ta MY

CrpaHa, Bb WHpOKa paMKa, npt.AHa3-

HaYeHa st.po51rHo 3a no-ront.Mb HaA

nHcb, Cli'\ H3Abll6aHH CaMO 6yKBHTt.

K 1-1 Y. ~) TperH51Tb capKocparb, 3a

na3eHb 3aeAHO Cb KanaKa CH, e

6Hnb H3KonaHb 6111-130 AO HapoA

Horo Cb6paHHe (o6p. 54). ToH e Ha

npaseHb orb eAp03bpHecrb 6t.nb nt.

CbYHHKb H e BHCOKb 1·92 M., 6e3b

KanaKa 1 ·09, Abllbrb 2'26 H WHpOKb

1 ·14 M. ,O,e6enHHara Ha crt.HHrt. MY

Mt.pH 17 CM . K.anaKbTb, yKpaceHb

c;r:.w,o Cb YerHpH rpy6H aKporepa,

e 6Hllb 3allOBeHb 3a I<OpHTOTO Cb

06p. 52. - CapKo<jJarb OT'!:> Cs. Co<jJH51.

ABt. »<ent.3HH CI<06H, nOCTaBeHH Ha rt.CHHTt. My CTt.HH. ,LJ,anH Bb ABaTa capKocpara e 61-1110 HaMt.peHO

Ht.w,o H Kai<BO , He e MH H3Bt.CTHO, TbH KaTO 3a TOBa He Cli'\ 3ana3eHI1 HHKai<BJ.1 6t.nt.H<I<I1.

2. r paneHYI rpo6HYIUYI

1. CsoAecra rpo6HHu,a I (no nnaHa Ha ra611. IX), orKpHra Ha 4. VIII. 910 rOA. Bb 113TOYHara

YaCTb Ha anCHAaTa , Ha Abll60YHHa caMO 0·50 M. nOAb nOAa H (rn. o6p. 41). fpo6HHU,ara, K051TO ce

ornHYasa ·no ront.MHrt. CH pa3Mt.pH, 3aeMa u,t.nara 113TOYHa nonoBHHa Ha ancHAara, Cb HanpasneHHe

06p. 53. - CapKo<jJarb OTb Cs. Co<jJH51.

OTb 113TOI<b KbMb 3anaAb. npH Cbrpa»<AaHero Ha Cs. CocpH$1 H3TOYHaTa ~ YaCTb e 6Hna orct.YeHa OTb

3HAa Ha anCHAara. Cera rpo6HHu,ara e Abnra OKOllO 4·20, w11p01<a 3·35 11 BHCOKa 2'60 M., o6aYe YaCTb

1) f\rch.-epigr. Mitteil. X, 1886, 48.

~) Hpe'leKb (f\rch .-epigr. Mitteil. X, 1886, 48) no

norpi;wKa nasa, BMi;cro nbpsaTa 6yKsa, xpHCTOBaTa

MOHorpaMa OTh X H p .

70 HeKpononbTb Ha UbpKBaTa Cs. Co¢H51

OTb He51, Ha W11p04HHa 1·05 M., AO IO}!{HaTa H CT"BHa, e 113nb11HeHa Yat<b AO CBOAa Cb 311Aap1151 OTb

rpy611 t<aMbHH 11 xopocaHb 6e3b t<epaMHAH. BHAH ce, Ye Cb T03H rpaAe}!{b ce e roH"B11a u."B11bTa Aa

ce 3a3ApaBH CBOAa Ha rpo6HHU.aTa, Bbpxy t<O~ho e nOYHBa11b nOAbTb Ha ancHAaTa. CaMaTa rpo6HHU.a

e rpaAeHa OTb ro11"BMP. t<BaApaTHH TYX1111 (CTpaHa 32-35 CM., Ae6e1111 4'5-5 CM.) 11 XOpOCaHb Cb TpOWeHH

t<epaMHAH, c11araHb Bb Ae6e1111 n11aCToBe. BpaTaTa ce HaMHpa Bb 3anaAHaTa CT"SHa 11 e WHpOt<a 0'72 M.;

no-ro11-BMaTa 11 YaCTb e 61111a 3anyweHa np11 Cbrpa}!{AaHeTo Ha ApyrH rpo6HHLJ.H. Kat<TO 11 Tp-B6sawe

Aa ce np-BAn011ara, Bb rpo6HHU.aTa He ce yt<a3axa HHt<at<BH np-BAMeTH, TbH t<aTo TS! e 61111a OTBapS!Ha

11 !-134HCTBaHa HaH-Ma.TJt<O seAHa}!{b np11 Cbrpa}!{AaHeTo Ha Cs. CoqmS!.

2. 3HAaHb rpo6b-t<OCTHHU.a II, OTt<pHTh Ha 9. VIII. 910 roA., Bb tOrO-H3TOYHHS! .:Kfb11b Ha ancH

AaTa, Ha Ab1160411Ha 1'60 M. nOAb nOAa H. rpo6bTb e rpaAeHb CbBC"BMb He6p"S}!{H0 OTb napYeTa

TYX11H 11 TBbpA-B c11a6b xopocaHb. To.::i e AbJlbfb H3B.¥.Tp-B 86, wHpOt<b 45, AbJ160t<b 48 cM., Cb Hanpa

B11eHHe OTb tOro-3anaAb t<bMb c-Bsepo-H3TOt<b. ,IJ,e6enHHaTa Ha CT'SHHTh MY AOCTHra 20 CM. Ouop-B 6-B

noxnyneHb Cb rpaMaAHa Tyxna, Abnra 65, WHpot<a 55 11 Ae6ena 8 CM. (rn. o6p. 56). Ha eAHaTa 11

06p. - 54. Cap1<o¢ar.:. OTb Cs. Co¢H51.

CTpaHa Ce HaMHpaTb H'St<0111<0 t<p;y,;rnH

Aynt<H, I<OHTO AOCTHraTb CaMO nOJlOBH

HaTa 11 Ae6enHHa. B-BpoS!THO T"BXHOTO

np"BAHa3HaYeHHe e 611110 Aa yneCHS!Tb

113nHYaHeTO Ha TYX11aTa. noAbTb Ha

rpo6a 6-B nOCT11aHb Cb napYeTa OTb

CTpoweHH TYX11H.

Bb rpo6a, Bbpxy eAHHb n11acTh

YepHa 3eMS!, ce yt<a3axa Bb AOCTa ro-

11-BMo I<OJlHYeCTBO pa36bpt<aHH 11 CTpO

weHH t<OCTH, npHHaA11e}!{aUJ,H HaH-Ma111<0

Ha ABa Ct<e11eTa, OTb I<OHTO eAHHHS!Tb

A'BTCI<H. 0Tb TOBa Ce BH}!{Aa, Ye t<OCTH

T"B C.¥. 6111111 np-BHeceHH TYt<b OTb APY

ro M"BCTo, t<aTo 11Mb e 61111b Cbrpa

AeHb Ha 6bp3a p.:Kt<a eAHHb TBbpA"B

Ma11bl<b rpo6b, Bb t<Oiho T"B C_.:K MOfJ111

Aa 6;y,;AaTb CJlQ}!{eHH CaMO Bb t<ynb. -

Bb 11-Bso OTb T0311 rpo6b ce HaM-BpHxa

ow,e H"Bt<0111<0 t<OCTH, BHHMaTe11HO 3aX11yneHH Cb AB"B t<epaMHAH (rn. o6p. 56).

3. n110Ct<a rpo6HHU.a Ill, OTt<pHTa Ha 4. VIII. 910 fOA- Bb anCHAaTa Ha Cs. CO<p1151, Ha AbJ160411Ha

01<0110 1 M. nOAb t<aMeHHI151 U.01<b11b Ha LJ.bpt<BaTa. rpo6HHU.aTa, Cb HanpaBJleHHe OTb 113TOI<b KhMb 3a

nanb, e Abnra 2'05, w11p0t<a 1·05 11 Ab116ot<a 1'60 M. T51 e rpaAeHa OTh t<BaApaTHH TyxnH Cb pa3'M"BpH32-

35 eM., Ae6enH4-5 cM., 11 xopocaHb, Bb t<OHTO HMa npHM-BceHH Yyt<aHH t<epaMHAH · XopocaHbTh e c11araHb

Bb Ae6e1111 n11aCTOBe. CT"BHHT-B Ha rpo6HHU.aTa c;y,; o611HU.OBaHH OTB.:KTp-B Cb Mp51MOpHH n110YH, Ae6enH

4 CM., Ct<p"SneHH nocp"BnCTBOMb }!{eJ1"B3HH Ct<0611 (rn. o6p. 57). 3a AbHO Ha rpo6HHU.aTa C11y}!{eWe

ron"BMa n110Ya OTb CHHt<aBOCHBb BapOBHHI<b1 AbJlfa 2·03 M., WHpOt<a 1 M. 11 Ae6e11a 13 CM., BbpXy

t<OS!TO c;y,; H3Ab116aHH Bb TPH t<p;y,;ra XpHCTOBHTh MoHorpaMH, "'' Tat<a c;y,;w,o C.¥. npo6HTH 11 H"Bt<011t<O

Aynt<H, YHeTO np"tAHa3HaYeHHe He e S!CHO (o6p. 58). Orrop-B rpo6HHU.aTa e 611na 3aTBopeHa Cb

ro11-BMa t<aMeHHa n110Ya, t<OS!TO e 61111a H3BaAeHa no-paHo.

Ta3H rpo6HHU.a e 61111a OTBopeHa 3a npbBb n.:KTb np"B3b 1893 roA. (rn. o6p. 59). 1) Bb HeS!

C.¥. Ce yKa3a11H ABa Ct<e11eTa Cb rnaBHT'S Ha 3anaAb, Me}!{AY I<OHTO Ce e HaM11pa11a Cpe6bpHa KYTHS!

1) rn . .Uo6pyCKH, C6opH. 3a Hap. YMOTB. XIII, 1896,435.

fpaneHH rpo6HHUH Bb anCHllaTa 71 =~~-----~----_-c __ ~-------- - ---- -

(capsa), 6oraTO y~<paceHa Cb opHaMeHTH (Ta6n. VIII 1-4). 1) TSI e BHCOI<a 7 CM., wHpO!<a H ,D,bnra no

8 eM. Kanal<bTb, 1<olho ce ABH»<H Ha .n.st. pe3eTa, e CHa6.n.eHb Ha npt..n.HSITa crpaHa Cb 3ai<J110YaJ11<a,

I<OSITO Ce CbCTOH OTb e,D,HO npH!<pt.neHO l<bMb CaMHSI l<analf<HO e3H4e H e,D,HO l<y<fJapYe, no

CTaBeHO Ha npt.,D,HS!Ta CTpaHa Ha I<YTHS!Ta, Bb I<OeTO Ce e BMbi<BaJlb I<J1104bTb. npt.,D,HS!Ta H 3a,D,HS!Ta

CTpaHa Ha I<YTHS!Ta Clf.. y~<paceHH Cb n03JlaTeHH XpHCTOBH MOHOrpaMH; OCTaHaJlHTi; CTpaHH, Cb H31<J110-

YeHHe Ha ,ll,bHOTO, Clf.. y!<paCeHH Cb rpaBHpaHH JlHCTOBH,ll,HH OpHaMeHTH, TpeTHpaHH UOCTa CB060,D,HO.

06p. 55. - rpo6HHUH Bb ancHnaTa Ha Cs. Coqm~.

3acny»<asa BHHMaHHe o6cTOSITeJ1CTBOTO, Ye opHaMeHTHTt. Ha .n.ecHaTa H nt.sa cTpaHH (Ta6n . VIII 4)

Clf.. pa3nOJ10>f<eHH Bb Clf..UJ,O Tai<HBa npO,D,bllfOBaTH UJ,HTOBe, l<ai<TO Bb Hai1-CTapaTa YaCTb Ha ,D,OJlHSITa

M03aHI<a (cp. ,D,OJlHSITa YaCTb Ha Ta6n. XIX). OpHaMeHTHTt. Ha 1<ana1<a (Ta6n. VIII 3) ce CbCTOSITb OTb

YeTHPH pa31<JlOHeHH u,st.THH JlHCTOBe (nanMeTI<H), nocraseHH Bb YeTHPH TPHN-rbJlHH noneTa Cb H3nN-I<

HaJ1H pN.6ose, rpynHpaHH OI<OJlO e.n.Ha MaJll<a po3eTI<a . BN-Tpt. Bb I<YTHSITa CN- 6HJ1H HaMt.peHH yac

THYI<H OTb H3fHHJ1a MaTepHS! H TpH MHOfO H3TpHTH 6pOH30BH MOHeTH, no YHHTO 06pa3H MO>f<eJlO p,a Ce

npt..n.nomra, Ye npHHap,ne»<aTb Ha CHHOBert Ha KoHcTaHTHHa Bemti<H. Cnopep,b TOBa H u,t.naTa rpo6-

1) 1-bnaneHa HaH-Hanp-Enb OTb E. L e B Ian t. Comptes rendus de l 'f\cademie des inscriptions 1899 CTp. 291 Cb enHa Ta6nHua . Cp. H H. L e c I e r c q. Manuel d'

archeol. chretienne II 402 H y Cab r o I, Dictionnaire d" archeol. chretienne II 2347 cb o6p. 2175.

72 HeKpononbTb Ha ubpKsara Ca. CocpH!!

HHLJ,a w,e Tpt.6sa Aa ce AaTHpa Bb IV st.t<b.1) Cpe6bpHaTa t<YTH5l e cnymHna 6e3b CbMHt.HHe t<aTO

penHt<BHapb 3a CbxpaHeHHe Ha MOW.H, t<at<TO MO>Ke ,IJ,a ce 3at<JltOYH no ApyrH aHanorHYHH cnyYaH.~)

4. Cso,IJ,eCTa rpo6HHLJ,a IV, OTt<pHTa Ha 10. VIII. 910 ro,IJ,. Bb 3ana,IJ,HaTa YaCTb Ha anCHAaTa, Ha

AbJl604HHa 1·20 M. nO,IJ,b no,IJ,a ~ (o6p. 55, Bb ,IJ,eCHO). rpo6HHLJ,aTa, Cb HanpaBJleHHe OTb Y13TOI<b l<bMb

3ana,IJ,b, e Abnra 2·12, wHpot<a 1·85 11 BHCOt<a 1·78 M. T51 e rpaAeHa OTb ront.MH t<Ba,D,paT,HH TYXllH

{33 CM.) 11 xopocaHb Cb Yyt<aHH t<epaMHAH, cnaraHb Bb ,IJ,e6enH nnaCTose. ,lJ,e6enHHaTa Ha CTt.HHTt. ce

paBH51Ba Ha e,IJ,Ha Tyxna. BpaTaTa Ha rpo6HHLJ,aTa ce HaMHpa no cpt.,D,aTa Ha H3T04HaTa CTt.Ha, 0·58 M.

HaAb no,IJ,a. T51 e BHCOt<a 1·12, w11poxa 0·53 M. 11 6t.we 3aTBopeHa Cb ront.Ma J<aMeHHa nnoya.

no,IJ,bTb e noCTJlaHb Cb TYXllYI.

06p. 56. - rpo6b·KOCTHHUa Bb ancHnaTa Ha Ca. CocpHil .

Bb rpo6HHLJ,aTa ce yt<a3axa weCTb CJ<elleTa, BCYIYI<YI Ha Bb3paCTHYI xopa. neTb OTb ThXb 6t.xa

cnomeHH eAHHb AO APYrb no HanpasneHHe Ha Abll>KHHaTa Ha rpo6HHLJ,aTa, Cb rnaBHTt. Ha 3ana,IJ,b.

WecTH51Tb Ct<eneTb 6t, noCTaBeHb Hanpt.t<o, np11 t<paxaTa Ha APYfHTt., xpal1 H3TOYHaTa ·crt.Ha, Cb

rnasaTa Ha tOrb. Ht.t<oH OTh xocTHTt. 6t.xa pa3Mt.CTeHH, OTb At.To ce BH>KAa, Ye Bb r'po6HHLJ,aTa e

BllH3aHO Yl no-paHO, HO TBbpAt, BHHMaTe!lHO. 8bnpt.t<H rpH>KJlYIBOTO AHpeHe, HHI<ai<BYI npt.,D,MeTH,

OCBt.Hb Cllt.AH OTb Yl3fH1·1Jla MaTepH51, He Ce HaMt.pHxa. Ta3H rpo6HHLJ,a e ,IJ,Ollt.neHa Henocpt.ACTBeHO

1) .llo6pycKH (UHT. M.), KaTO CP. n030BaBa Ha cpop· Mara Ha MOHOrpaMH-rt., np-tnnonara, Ye KYTHI!Ta nampa npH6nH3HTenHo OTb VI B"tKb. Toea narHpaHe e CbBC"tMb norp"tWHO. XpHCTOBHTE MOHOrpaMH Bb Ta3H cpopMa , KaKTO TH HaMHpaMe Bbpxy KYTHI!Ta, Ce llBI!BaTb OWe TBbpnl; paHO, Ha BC"tKH cnyYaH He nO·KbCHO OTb HaYaflOTO Ha YeTBbpTHil B"tKb. np-t3b neTH5l B"tK'b rl; Ce cp-tLUaTb OLUe nocra Yecro, cn-tnb rosa nocreneHHO H3Ye3BaTb Bb npo· llbJl>t<eHHe Ha WeCTHil s-tKb, KaTO ce 3aM"tHI!Tb Cb 06HK· HOBeHHSI KpbCTb. rn. F. x. KrauS, Reai-Encyklopadie

der christlichen Rlterthi.imer, Leipzig 1882-86, II 226-234 H 412-417; Geschichte der christlichen Kunst I 130-133. Cn-tnosarenHo H MOHorpaMH-rt. yKa3BaTb Ha c;r;LUoTo sp-tMe, KaKTO H MOHeTHrl;.

2) 3a non06HH penHKBHapH, KOHTO c;r; 6HnH MHOTO pa3npocrpaHeHH Bb CTapoxpHCTHI!HCKO spi;Me H B"tpOSITHO c;r; 6HnH noHaCI!HH np-tHMyLUecraeHo OTb CHpH51, rn. H. Swoboda, Mitteil. der K. K. Zentrai-Kommission XVI, 1890, 1-22; Leclercq y Cabral, Oictionnaired'archeot. chretienne Ill 1100 en. nonb nyMara chasse.

rpaneHH r po6HH UH Bb ancHnara 73

,D,O rp06HHU. :na fll , Bb I<OSITO 61; HaMi;peHb Cpef5bpHHSITb penHI<BHapb . npH TOBa SIBHO e, Ye BTOpara

OTb r-Bxb e rpa,rJ,eHa nO-I<bCHO, Tbi1 1<aro Hei1Hara npHn-BneHa cr-BHa e noYTH Ha nonoBHHa nO-TbHI<a

(20 CM .) OTb Apynni; (33 CM.). ,lJ,onbJlHHTeJlHHSITb CBO,!l,b, I<OHTO Ce 3a6i;n-B3Ba Ha,!l,b rpo6HI1U.aTa , 6e3b

,rJ,a AOCTHra nHu.ero H, e

npaseHb omocn-B. Toi1 cny

>+<H Ja ycHnBaHe Ha nol<pH

sa Ha rpo6HHU.aTa, Ja Aa

MO>t<e si;poSI.THO Ta3H no

cni;,rJ,HSITa ,rJ,a ce H3nonJysa

1<aro no,rJ,nopa np11 Cbrpa >+<

AaHero Ha sropara U.bpi<Ba

Cb rOpHHSI M03aJ.14eHb nO,!l,b,

I<OHTO n04HBa Henocpi;,!l,

CTBeHO Bbpxy ,!l,OnbJ1HJ.1TeJ1-

HJ.151 CBO,!l,b .

5. nnocl<a rp06HH

u,a Y, or1<p11ra Ha 10.VIII.

910 ~ Bb Jana,rJ,Hara YaCTb

Ha ancH,rJ,ara, Ha Abn604H

Ha 1·60 M. nOAb no,rJ,a H (rn.

o6p. 55, Bb ni;so). rpo6-

HHU.aTa, I<OSITO HMa Hanpa-

sneHHe OTb 10ro- JanaAb

l<bMb c-Bsepo-HJTOI<b, e 0 6p. 57. - nnoCJ<ara rpo6HHua Ill Bb ancHnara Ha Ca. CoqJH 51 .

Abnra 1·65, WHpO!<a 0·96, BHCOI<a 0·52 M. Tst e rpa,rJ,eHa Olb ron-BMH ryxn11 (crpaHa 32-35 CM.,

,rJ,e6enHHa 4·5-5 CM.) H xopocaHb Cb Yyl<aHH !<epaMHAH, 1<oi1ro e cnaraHb Bb ,rJ,e6enH nnacrose. ,ll,e-

:;n,,~

· -~~~ . '. , ,· : rll/r'''

1

';) '

• ~~~······ ~~

1, ,•' e

. ,. r. , , .. •

.·· · ~ I ,

06p. 58. - KaMeHHa nno'la OTb rpo6HHuara Ill.

6em1Hara Ha cr-BHHT-B ce paBHstBa Ha e,rJ,Ha ryxna (33 CM.) . Ti; Cfi"..

J.13Ma3aHJ.1 Cb Bapb, Bb KOSI TO HMa npHMi;CeHH Bb ron-BMO I<OJ1H4eC. TBO

C4yl<aHJ.1 CbBC-BMb Ha ,!l,pe6HO !<epaMH,!l,H, BCni;,rJ, CTBHe Ha I<OeTO M<l-

3J.1Jll<aTa e ,!J,06Hna YepBeHb U.Bi;Tb. ,lJ,bHOTO Ha rp06HHU.aTa 61; nOCH

naHO Cb np-BYHCTeHb n-Bcbl<b, Ha ,rJ,e6enHHa 3-4 CM. Orropi; T51

e 3aTBOpeHa CaMO Cb e,rJ,Ha roni;Ma nJl04a Olb CHHI<aBO-CJ.1Bb BapOB

HHI<b, ,rJ,e6ena 22 eM .

Bb rpo6HHu.ara ce HaM-BpHxa Hepa3M-BcreHH ,rJ,Ba c1<enera Cb

rnaBHTi; Ha 3ana,rJ,b. PfKu.-Bri; 6-Bxa npocrp-BHH 1<pai1 r-Bnoro. E.o.HHHSITb

Cl<eJleTb 6i; ,!l,bJlbrb 1"60, a ApyrHSITb (Bb ,rJ,eCHO) - CaMO 1•06 M.

HHI<ai<BH ApyrH npi;,rJ,MeTH He ce HaM-Bpl'Jxa, ocs-BHb en-BAH Olb H3-

rHHna MarepHst , Ma!<apb no BCHYI<O 11 ,rJ,a ce BH>+<Aa, Ye rpo6HHu,ara

He e 611na orsap51Ha no-paHo.

6. nnocl<a (?) rpo6HHU.a VI, OTKPHTa Ha 22. XI. 910 rO,rJ,. Bb

u.eHrpanHaTa YaCTb Ha U.bpi<Bara nOAb 1<ynona, H~ ,rJ,bn6oYHHa 0·65

M. nO,!l,b nbpBOHa4aJ1HJ.151 nO,!l,b. rpo6HHU.aTa , Cb HanpasneHHe OTb

3.-c-Bsepo-Jana,rJ,b l<bMb H.-tOrO-J.13TOI<b, e Abnra 1·87, w11p01<a 1·12 11

,rJ,bn6oJ<a 1·21 M. Orropi; e 6Hna nol<pHra s-Bpo>~THO n. ron-BMH nnoYH,

KOHTO ornocni; Cfi".. 6111111 H3Ba,rJ,eHH, Tbi1 Ye u,-Bnara rpo6HHu,a ce

HaM-BpH nbnHa Cb npbCTb. Bparara , BHCOI<a 0·93 M., ce HaMHpa Bb H3T04Hara crlHa HapaBHO

Cb nO,rJ,a . rpo6HHLI,aTa e rpa,D,eHa Olb ron-BMH I<Ba,!l,parHH ryxnH (32 X 33 CM . J.1 33X 34 CM., ,rJ,e6enHHa

Cs. Co<jlH•. 10

'.,.

74 HeKpononbTb Ha UbpKBara CB. CocjJHSI

4·5 CM ) H cna6b XOpOCaHb 6e3b KepaMHAH, HO Cb roni;MO KOnH'.JeCTBO ni;Cbl<b. (Ti;HHTt, H3B1KTpt,

c:;y;. H3M33aHH Cb 4epseHa Ma3HnKa, Ae6ena 1·5 eM., HanpaseHa OTb sapb, nt,Cbl<b H roni;Mo KOnH-

4eCTBO C4yKaHH Ha CHTHO KepaMHAH· noAbTb e nOCTnaHb Cb TyXnH. Vf3T04HaTa CTi;Ha OTI<bMb ci;sepb

3aeAHO Cb nOnOBHHaTa OTb spaTaTa CiY\ pa3pyweHH npH nonaraHeTO Ha H3T04HHSI OCHOBeHb 3HAb Ha

u,bpKBaTCJ, KO~ho ce spi;3sa Bb rpo6HHU.aTa.

06p. 59. - lpo6HHuara Ill npH orKpHBaHero 11 nptab 1893 r. (cnopellb eJIHa ¢ororpa<jm11 Bb HapollHHSI My3ef1)

7. nnocKa rpo6HHU,a VII, OTI<pHTa Ha 12. XI. 910 rOA· Bb ci;sepHOTO OTAi;neHHe Ha Hanpt,4-

HHSI !<Opa6b, Ha Abn604HHa 0·65 M. nOAb nbpBOHa4anHHSI nOAb Ha U,bpKBaTa. tp06HHU,aTa, Cb Ha

npasneHvte OTb H3TOKb KbMb 3anaAb, e Abnra 2·01, wvtpoK-a 1·42 H Abn6oKa 1 "32 M. 0Tropt, 6t,

3aTBOpeHa Cb ABt, roni;MH nn04H, OTb I<OHTO eAHaTa (Bbpxy H3T04HaTa 4aCTb Ha rpo6HHU,aTa) e OTb

sapoBHHKb Cb pa3Mt,pH 1·70 X 1 M., Ae6ena oKono 10 CM. ,IJ,pyraTa nno4a e OTb TpownHBb rHaikb

Cb pa3Mt,pH 1·70 X 1·20 M., Ae6ena OKono 12 eM. BpaTaTa, KOSITO ouopt, He e 3aCBOAeHa, a HMa

xopvt30HTaneHb KaMeHeHb nparb, ce HaMHpa Bb H3T04HaTa CTi;Ha, o6a4e He no cpt,AaTa 11, a AO

CaMHSI ci;sepeHb 3HAb· TSI e BHCOI<a 51, WHpOKa 43 CM., H ce HaMHpa 52 CM. HaAb nOAa. npH OT!<pvt-

rpaneHH rpo6HHUH Bb Hanp~~HH~ KOpa6b 75

saHeTo Ha rpo6HHU,aTa spaTaTa 6-t HaM-BpeHa 3anyweHa Cb napYeTa OTb CTpoweHH TyxnH H npbCTb.

fpo6HHu,aTa e rpaneHa on, ron-BMH KBanpaTHH ryxnH H xopocaHb Cb YyKaHH Ha enpo KepaMHnH,

cnaraHb Bb ne6enH nnacTOse (2-4 eM.). TyxnHrl H-BMaTb enHaKBH pa3M-BpH. noseYeTo HMaTb CTpaHa

24, 32 H 33 CM., a C}i;. ne6enH 4·5 CM. Hi;KQH o6aye C}i;. no-ron-BMH: 33 CM. Cb ne6enHHa 7•5 CM.,

34 11 35 eM. Cb ne6enHHa 7 eM. TbHKHT-B TyxnH HMaTb o6HKHOBeHHrl nHaroHanHH nHHHH, TerneHH no

nsi; HnH no TpH Cb npbCTH np-BnH H3nHYaHeTO, a ne6enHTi; H-BMaTb HH

KaKBH 3HalJ,H. nonbTb Ha rp06HHU,aTa 6i; nocrnaHb Cb ni;CbKb.

Bb }i;.rbna no spaTaTa ce HaM-BpHxa HaTpynaHH Bb Kynb KOCTH,

a ocs-BHb Tosa yKa3axa ce H TPH u,-BnH CKeneTa Cb rnasH no 3ananHaTa

CnHa, 3aTpynaHH nOYTH u,i;nH Cb npbCTb. npH nbpBH51 CKeneTb (no

IOH<HaTa CnHa) He Ce HaM-BpH HHW,O. Bb npbCTbTa Ha BTOpH51 CKeneTb

ce HaM-BpHxa napYeTa OTb cYyneHa CTbKneHa yawa (o6p. 60), BHCOKa

(cn-tnb peCTaBpaU,H51Ta 11) 10 CM., Cb He06HKHOBeHO TbHKH CnHH, a TaKa

C}i;.ll.I,Q napYeTa OTb CTbKneHO WHWe Cb BHCOKa H ncHa WHHKa. npH

rnasaTa Ha C}i;.ll.I,H51 CKenen, ce HaM-BpH Hrna 3a Koca on, cnoHosa

KOCTb, nbnra 14 eM., Ha T}i;.nH51 Kpai1 ManKo Hane6eneHa, H caMo enHa 06p 60. - CTbKneHa ~awa OTb

3naTHa o6i;u,a, HanpaseHa OTb xanKa H BHcynKa, nbnra BCHYKO 4'5 CM. rpo6HHuaTa VII (1/2 eCT. ron.).

( o6p. 61 ); a KbMb rbpnHrl - ManKa 6pOH30Ba MenHU.HHCKa nb>KHYKa

Cb OTYyneHa no nonosHHaTa npb}!{Ka, nbnra cera 12 eM. npH rnasaTa Ha TpeTH51 cKenen,, no ca

MaTa ci;sepHa CnHa, Ce HaM-BpH CaMO enHO CTbKneHO WHWeHUe, OTYaCTH OTYyneHO, Cb nbnra H

T-BCHa WHHKa, BHCOKO 12 CM.

8. CsonecTa rpo6HHu,a VIII, oTKpHTa Ha 29. IX. 910 ron. Bb c-tsepo-3ananHH51 }i;.rbnb Ha Hanpi;y

HH51 KOpa6b, Ha nbn604HHa OKOnO 60 CM. nOnb nbpBOHaYanHH51 nonb Ha U,bpKBaTa. fpo6HHU,aTa, Cb

HanpasneHHe on, H3TOKb KbMb 3ananb, e nbnra 2·14, wHpoKa 1·75 H BHCOKa 1·51 M. T51 e rpaneHa

OTb roJI-BMH YeTBbpTHTH TyXnH H XOpOCaHb, Bb KOHTO HMa npHM-BCeHH TBbpni; ManKO CTpoweHH Ha

enpo KepaMHnH. TyxnHrl, KOHTO Ha enHaTa CH crpaHa HMaTb o6HKHOBeHHrl ns-t HnH TPH nHHHH,

TerneHH Cb npbCTb no nHaroHana, He C}i;. BCHYKH enHaKBO ron-BMH. npH H3M-BpBaHH51Ta Ce. nonyYHXa

cn-EnHHrl pa3M-BpH: 28X27X4 eM., 28·5X26·5X4 eM., 30X27·5X4·5 CM. OTA-BnHH ryxnH, KaTo

H3Kn!OYeHHe, HMaTb ow,e no-ron-BMH pa3M-BpH: 37 X 29 X 5 eM.; a enHa ryxna, K051TO cny}!{H KaTo

nparb Ha spaTHYKaTa, Mi;pH 57 X 40 X 8 CM. ,ll,e6enHHaTa Ha crlHHT-B e OKano 30 eM.

XopocaHbTb e cnaraHb Bb ne6enH nnacrose, KOHTO ce paBH51BaTb Ha ne6enHHaTa Ha

TyxnHTi;. BpaTaTa, BHCOKa 53 H WHpOKa 45 CM., ce HaMHpa no cpi;naTa Ha H3T04-

HaTa mHa, 65 CM. Hanb nona, H 6i;we 3aTBOpeHa Cb roni;Ma KaMeHHa nnoYa. l13B}i;.Tpi;

rp06HHU,aTa e H3Ma3aHa Cb XOpOCaHb OTb Bapb, ni;CbKb H KbnYHW,a. no KpaHW,aTa Ha

H3TOYHaTa H 3ananHaTa crlHH e TerneHa Cb YepseHa 6o51 no enHa paMKa, wHpoKa 4 eM.

,ll,pyrH cn-BnH o6aYe OTb ¢pecKH no crlHHrl He ce 3a66n-B3saxa. nonbTb 6-t nocTnaHb

Cb enHHb nnaCTb on, YHCTb n-tcbKb, ne6enb OKano 8 eM.

fpo6HHu,aTa e 6Hna oTsap51Ha no-paHo, 3a KO:no u,i;nb e 6Hna npo6HTa nocra

ron-BMa nynKa Bb 3ananHaTa 11 crlHa, 6e3b na ce MHHasa np-B3b spaTaTa, Haxon51w,a ce

Bb cpi;w,HaTa CT-BHa. np-t3b Ta3H nynKa 6i; HaXbnTana Bb rp06HHU,aTa nOCTa MHOrO

06p. 61.-3n. o6~ua OTb rpo6H. VII

(eCT. r.). npbCTb, npH YHeTO pa34HCTBaHe Ce HaM-BpH enHa CbBbpWeHHO H3TpHTa 6pOH30Ba MO-

HeTa (nHaMeTbpb 15 MM.), K051TO no THnb H3rne}!{na na 6;y;ne BH3aHTHHCKa. MoHeTaTa o6aYe H-BMa

3HaYeHHe 3a naTaTa Ha rpo6HHu,aTa, noHe}!{e no sc-tKa s-Bpo51THOCTb e nonanHana B}i;.Tp-B 3aenHo

Cb HaBn-B3naTa OTBbHb npbCTbo

9. Csonecra rpo6HHu,a IX, oTKpHTa Ha 5. X. 910 ron. Bb c-tsepHaTa YaCTb Ha Hanp-BYHH51 KO

pa6b, Ha nbn60YHHa OKOnO 1·20 M. nOnb nbpBOHaYanHH51 nOnb Ha U,bpKBaTa. fpo6HHU,aTa, Cb Ha

lO*

76 Het<pononbTb Ha Ubpt<BaTa Cs. Cocj>H~

rrpaeneHI1e OTb 113TOKb KbMb 3ananb, ce HaMt.p11 noYTI1 CbBci:.Mb pa3pyweHa, ecnt.ncre11e Ha Koero

BI1C0411Hara 11 W11p0411Hara H He MOH<axa na ce yCTaHOB51Tb. )J,bnra e 1·81 M. 11 e rpaneHa OTb ryxn11

11 xopocaHb Cb YyKaHI1 KepaMI1A11. Bparara, w11poKa 41 CM., e noCTaeeHa Bb 113T04Hara cTt.Ha, o6aYe

He ce HaM11pa no cpt.nara H, a e nont.neHa no caMI151 ct.eepeHb 311Ab Ha rpo6HI1u,ara.

10. CeoneCTa rpo6H11u,a X, orKp11ra Ha 11. XI. 910 ron. Bb u.eHrpanHara Yacrb Ha U.bpKeara,

nOAb Kyno11a, Ha Ab1160411Ha 32 CM. nOAb ropH51ra M03ai14Ha HaCTI111Ka 11 1·07 M. nOAb nbpBOHa4a11-

HI151 nOAb Ha U.bpKBara. rpo6HI1U,ara, Cb HanpaB11eHI1e Orb 113T0Kb KbMb 3ananb, e Ab11ra 1·76, Wl1-

pOKa 1·38 11 BI1COKa 2 M. Bb He~ ce B11113a orb 113T04Hara H CTpaHa no enHa CTbJ16a, Wl1-

poKa 69 eM., Cb Yer11p11 rpaneHI1 cr;;;na11a, orb KOI1rO nbpeoro (Hai:i-ropHoro) e BI1COKO 23 11 w11p01<0

35 CM., BTOpOTO e BI1COKO 40 11 W11pOKO 42 CM., rperOTO e BI1C9KO 44 11 W11p01<0 25 CM., a Yerebp

TOrO e BI1COKO caMo 18 11 w11pOKO 32 eM. BxOAbTb, 41151ro BI1C0411Ha ce paBH51Ba Ha BI1C0411Hara Ha

rpo6H11u,ara, He ce HaM11pa no cpt.nara Ha 113rOYHara CTt.Ha, a 3aeMa caMO ct.eepHara H n0110BI1Ha

(rn. n11aHa Ha rpo6H11u.ara Ha ra611. IX np11 X). np11411Hara 3a ra311 ac11Merp114HOCTb, KaKro ll..l,e BI1-

AI1Mb no-no11t., e npyra enHa cbct.nHa rpo6H11u,a, K051ro e 61111a noCTpoeHa no-paHo. Orropt. exonbrb,

111111 no-npaeo nynt<ara, npt.3b K051ro ce e11113a no crb116ara Bb rpo6HI1u,ara, 6t.we 3aTBopeHa Cb net.

ro11i:.MI1 KaMeHHI1 n110411. rpo6H11U,ara e rpaneHa Orb KBanparHI1 ryX1111, 411SirO r011i>M11Ha He e Cb

BCi:.Mb enHat<ea (CTpaHara Mi>p11 29, 30 111111 32 CM., ne6e1111Hara 4·5 eM.), 11 He0611KHoeeHo 51Kb xopo

caHb Cb Ma11KO cYyKaHI1 Ha enpo !<epaM11AI1, c11araHb Bb ne6e1111 n11aCToee. H3e;;;rpt. CTi:.HI1rt. He c;;;

06p. 62.

113Ma3aHI1, o6a4e Ha CBOAa XOpOCaHbrb Or4aCrl1 e 11311i:.3b11b BbHb OTb MeH<A11HI1Ti:. Ha

ryx1111rt., ra o6pa3yea Hi>ll..l,o Karo Ma31111Ka, Bb K051ro ce 3a6t.11i>3BaTb orneYarbU.I1 OTb

AbpBerara, KOI1rO CN\ C11YH<I11111 Karo cpopMa np11 113rpaH<naHero Ha CBOna. non06HO npi:.n

Ha3Ha4eHI1e c;;; 11Ma1111 et.po51rHo 11 Yen1p11rt. nynKI1 Ha Ab11rl1rt. crlHI1, 6111130 no ;;;r1111Tt.,

Ha 1111HI151ra, Orb K051rO 3an04Ba na Ce 113BI1Ba CBOAbrb. noAbTb 6t, nOCT11aHb Cb n11aCrb

(6 CM.) OTb npi:.411CreHb H<b11reHI1KaBb ni:.CbKb Cb r011i:.MO 1<011114eCTBO CJliOAa.

B;;;rpt.wHocrbra Ha rpo6H11U.ara ce HaMt.p11 CbBCi>Mb 411Cra. Ha nona ce rbp

l<a1151Xa caMo 2-3 napYera orb ryx1111 11 xopocaHb, nanHa1111 et.po51rHo Oll..l,e np11 3aceo

A51BaHero Ha rpo6H11u.ara. Bb IOro-3ananHI151 N\fb11b, Kpai1 IOH<Hara cTi>Ha, 11i>H<.ewe nt.rct<l1

cKe11erb, Ab11brb 95 eM., Cb rnaeara Ha 3ananb. EnHa KOCrb OTb yepena 6t. orxepbt<Ha11a

YaKb no ct.eepHara crt.Ha Ha rpo6H11u,ara 11 caMI151Tb Yepenb He croewe rOYHO no cpt.

nara Ha cKe11era, a 6t.we orMt.CTeHb ManKo Bb necHo. no roea 113rneH<na, Ye rpo6H11u,ara

e 611na oreap51Ha eeYe 11 no-paHo. Bb necHo OTb Yepena ce HaMi>p11 3narHa eep11H<Ka,

113nnereHa orb rbHbKb renb, Abnra 6·2 eM. Ha ropH1151 t<pai:1 eep11H<Kara 3aebpwea Cb

3naTHa se- ManKa xanKa, a Ha A011HI151 Kpai:1 BI1CSirb enHO 3eneHo KaMbYe 11 nonb Hero eni1Hb 611cepb pHH<Ka OTb

rpo6 H. x (o6p. 62). H3b nt.cbKa oKono cKenera 11 nOAb Hero ce HaMi>p11xa MHOro6poHH11 3narHI1

(ecr. ron.). HI1WKI1, orb t<011ro ce BI1H<Aa, ye nt.rero e 611no norpe6aHo Bb CKN\nl1 npex11, et.3aHI1 Cb

3naro.

OrHoc11re11Ho narara Ha rpo6H11u.ara 11Ma na ce 3a6t.nt.H<I1, Ye r>~ rpt.6ea na e 611na Cbrpa

.neHa npt.n11 eropara U.bpKea Cb ropH1151 Mo3ai1YeHb nonb, r. e. npt.n11 HaYanoro Ha ner11>1 ei:.t<b,

TbH Karo M03ai14HI151rb nOAb MI1Haea Henocpt.ncreeHo HaAb ceona Ha rpo6H11u,ara, 6e3b na e 61111b

pa3Ban51Hb Ha rosa Mt.cro. Orb npyra crpaHa rpo6H11U.aTa ce HaMHpa Henocpt.ncreeHo AO 311AOeert.

Ha Hai:i-crapara U.bpKea orb HaYanoro Ha Yerebpr1151 et.Kb 11 e op11eHr11paHa napa11e11HO Cb He51,

ornt.ro MOH<e na ce 3aK!ll0411, ye U.bpKeara e no-CTapa. Cnt.noeare11HO rpo6H11u,ara MOH<e Cb no

!lOH<I1re11HOCrb na ce nar11pa Bb Yerebpr1151 et.Kb.

np11 BHI1Mare!lHO pa3rneH<naHe Ha rpo6HI1U,ara ce yKa3a, Ye Ha enHO Mi:.CrO Bb 113r04Hara

crt.Ha, no caMI151 nonb, ryxn11rt. He 6t.xa nocraeeHI1 xop1130HranHo Ha W11pOKara c11 crpaHa Bb o611-

KHOBeHoro nonoH<eHHe KaKro ce rpanl1 311Ab, HO yer11p11 orb rt.xb 6t.xa 113npaeeHI1 Bbpxy rt.cHara

c11 crpaHa Bb eepr11Ka11HO nonoH<eHv.e. 3a na ce Y51CHI1 ro311 Heo611KHOBeHb Ha411Hb Ha rpa.neH<b,

fpaneHH rp06HHUH Bb Hanp~YHH~ KOpa6b 77

Koiho npHllHYawe noseye Ha o6nHu,OBKa, BbnpoCHHT-E ryxnH 6-Exa pa36HTH. 3aAb r-Exb ce noKa3a

Apyrb 3HAb, KOI~ho Cli'.W,O 61; np06HTb H no T03H HaYHHb Ce HaTbKHaXMe Ha eAHa rpaAeHa rpo6HHU,a

Cb nllOCbKb noKpHBb, KOSITO OTb HHKOSI Apyra CTpaHa He 61-1 6Hlla AOCTI'i'.nHa, nOHeme 61-1 rpi;6saJlO

nO-Hanp-EAb Aa ce pa3pywaTb OKOJlHHT-E CTapH 3HAOBe H M03aH4eHb nOAb.

11. nnocKa rpo6HHU,a XI, OTKpHTa Cti<.W,HSI AeHb 4p-E3b npo6HBaHe Ha H3T04Hara cr-EHa Ha

rpo6HHu,ara X, KaKro ce o6SICHH no-rop-E. Ta3H rpo6HHu,a, Cb HanpasneHHe OTb H3TOKb KbMb 3a

naAb, ce HaMHpa Ha Abll604HHa OKOllO 2 ·50 M. nOAb nbpBOHaYa!lHHSI nOAb Ha u,bpKsara. TSI e Abllra

1'90, wHpOKa 0·62 H Abn6oKa 0 ·57 M., noKpHra caMo Cb eAHa rpaMaAHa KaMeHHa nnoYa. Cr-EHHT-E

Cti<. rpaAeHH OTb TYXllH H XOpOCaHb Cb YyKaHH KepaMHAH, a nocni; Cli'. H3Ma3aHH H3B)f:.Tpi; Cb Bapb,

CM-ECeHa Cb ro!li;Mo KOJlHYeCTBO CYyKaHH CbBC-EMb Ha CHTHO KepaMHAH, no KOSITO npH4HHa TSI 1-13-

rne>f{Aa CbBC-EMb YepBeHa. noAbTb e nOCTJlaHb Cb ron-EMH KBaApaTHH rylCllH (crpaHa 34'5 CM., Ae-

6eJlH 5 CM.), nOCTaBeHH Bbpxy n!laCTb OTb 4HCTb 6-Ellb ni;CbKb, AeOeJlb 5 CM.

Bb rpo6a ce yKa3axa ABa cKenera Ha Bb3pacrHH xopa Cb rnasHr-E Ha 3anaAb. H ABara Ye

pena, KaKTO H ocraHanHr-E KOCTH, ce 6-Exa seye pa3naAHaJlH. OrcrpaHH Ha c-EsepHHSI yepenb ce Ha

M-EpHxa AB-E 3JlaTHH o6i;u,H, HanpaBeHH OTb XaJlKH, Ha KOHTO BHCS!Tb nHpaMHAallHH yKpaweHHSI OTb

MaJ1Kt1 TOnYeTa (o6p. 63). ,lJ,bJl>f{HHaTa Ha BC-EKa o6i;u,a e 2 '5 CM ., TSimeCTbTa 1"65 rp. noA06HH

o6-Eu,H Cti<. HaMHpaHH H APYrb nli'.Tb y HaCb Bb pHMCKH nnacrose. noA06HH Cti<. Hanp. eAHH Heo6Ha

pOABaHH ow,e o6-Eu,H orb ron-EMoro pHMCKO CbKpOBHw,e or-:, HHKonaeso,

3aposeHO Bb 3eMSITa MemAy 244-249 roA. CJl. Xp. 1) np-EABHAb Ha r-E3H

aHanorHH H noHeme rpo6HHu,ara, KaKTO ce o6SICHH no-rop-E, e cHrypHo

no-crapa OTb CbC-EAHara Heii rpo6HHu,a X, He e H3KlltoYeHa Bb3MOm

HOCTbTa, nbpsara Aa Aampa ow,e orb Ill s-EKb. Ha sc-EKH cnyYaii

TSI He we 6ti<.Ae nO-KbCHa orb HaYanoro Ha IV s-EKb.

12. nnocKa rpo6HHU,a XII, OTKPHTa Ha 8. X. 911 r0A· Bb u,eHrpan

Hara YaCTb Ha U,bpKBara, nOAb Kynona, Ha Abll604HHa 1·55 M, nOAb

06p. 63. - 3naTHH 06~UH OTb rpo6HHuara XI (ecT. ron.).

nbpBOHaYaJlHHSI nOAb. rpo6HHU,aTa, Cb HanpaBJleHHe OTb tor0-3anaAb KbMb ci;sepO-H3TOKb, e Abllra

1•32, WHpOKa 0'45 H Ab!l60Ka 0'57 M. rpaAeHa e OTb ron'tMH TYXllH (pa3M-EpH 25 X 36 X 4 CM.) H

xopocaHb 6e3b KepaMHAH. Cr-EHHT-E OTBti<.Tp-E Cti<. H3Ma3aHH Cb xopocaHb. Orropi; rpo6HHu,ara 6-E

noKpHra Cb rpH MHOro ron-EMH ryxnH (pa3M-EpH 60 X 52 X 6 CM.), KOHTO Ha eAHara CH no-3arnaAeHa

CTpaHa HMaTb 3Hali,H Bb BHAb Ha 3Hr3arb. noAbTb e CaMO OTb 3eMSI. 8b rpo6HHU,aTa, KOSITO He e

61-1na orsapS!Ha no-paHo, ce HaM-EpH caMo eAHHb CKenerb Cb rnasara Ha 3anaAb, Abllbrb 1·15 M.

13. CsoAecra rpo6H1-1u,a XIII, orKpHra Ha 6. XI. 910 roA. Bb tomHOTO OTA-ElleHHe Ha Hanp-EYHHSI

Kopa6b, Ha Ab!l60YI-1Ha 40 CM. nOAb nbpBOHaYallHHSI nOAb Ha u,bpKsara. CsOAbTb 6-Ewe Cbsc-EMb

pa3pyweHb H rpo6H!-1U,aTa nbJlHa u,i;na Cb npbCTb, no KOSITO npH4HHa TSI He 61; H3Cll-EABaHa no

nOAp06HO.

14-15. CsoAecm rpo6HI-1U,I-1 XIV H XV, OTKPI-1TH Ha 29. XI. 910 roA. Bb u,eHrpanHHSI Kopa6b

Ha pa3Ha Abll6041-1Ha riOAb nbpBOHa4aJlHI-1SI nOAb Ha U,bpKBaTa (np1-1 nbpBaTa 1•10, npH BTOpara

0 70 M.). ,lJ,si;ri; rpo6H!-1U,I-1 , KOHTO ce On1-1paTb eAHa AO Apyra Cb T-ECHHT-E CH CT-EHI-1, HMaTb Hanpa

BlleH!-1e OTb CEBepb KbMb torb. nbpBaTa rpo6HHU,a, 41-iSITO ci;sepHa CT-EHa e 6H!la pa3pyweHa npH

nonaraHe OCHOBHI-151 31-iAb Cb llEBHT-E n!-1JlaCTp1-1 Ha U,bpKBaTa, e Ab!lra cera OKOllO 4 M. H WHpOKa

OKOllO 2·20 M. LJ,tnara 11 Bti<.TptwHOCTb 6t nb!lHa Cb npbCTb. (BOAbTb Ha rpo6H1-1u,ara XV 6t or

YaCTH pa3pyweHb H Bti<.rptwHOCTbTa 11 nb!lHa AOropt Cb npbCTb. TSI e Abllra cera OKOllO 2·90 M.

H WHpOKa OKOJlO 2 M. H ABi;ri; rpo6HHU,H Cli'. rpaAeHH OTb ron-EMH KBaApaTHH TYXllH H XOpOCaHb'

nopaAYI nonypa3pyweHOTO YIMb CbCTOSIHI-ie TE He 6txa I-13CllEABaHH no-nOAp06HO.

1) rn. Jahrbuch des deutschen archaei. lnstit. XXV. 1910. F\nzeiger 339 en. H XXVI, 1911, F\nzeiger 36~ en; l--13stcTHSl Ha 5bn r. apxeon . npyH<. I. 1910, 224 H II. 1911, 276.

\

!.·

' I J· I

78 Het<ponOJlbTb Ha UbpKBaTa Cs. Co¢Hll

16. Cso,!J,ecra rpo6HHu,a XVI, ort<pHra Bb u,eHrpanHHSI t<opa6b Ha 12. XI. 910 ro,!J,. Ha Abn6o-

4HHa 1·10 M. nO,[I,b nbpBOHa4anHHSI nO,!J,b Ha U,bpt<BaTa. rpo6HHU,ara , Cb HanpasneHHe OTb ci;sepb

t<bMb !Orb, e ,!J,bnra 2 14, wHpot<a 1·97 1-1 BHCOt<a 2·05 M. TSI e rpaAeHa orb ron-tMH t<Ba,!l,parHH ryxnH

(CTpaHa 30-32 eM. , Ae6enHHa 4·5-5 eM., M-tpeHH Ha nHu,ero Ha rpo6HHu,ara), H xopocaHb Cb Yyt<aHH

t<epaMHAH, cnaraHb Bb Ae6enH nnacrose. Bparara ce HaMHpa Ha c-tsepHara cr-tHa, o6a4e He no

cp-tAara, a nose4e t<bMb H3T04Hara cr-tHa , orb t<OSITO e or,[l,aneYeHa caMo Cb 44 eM. CaMara spara ,

I<OSITO OTropi; 3aBbpWBa Cb XOpH30HTaneHb t<aMeHeHb npafb, e BHCOt<a 0·72, WHpOt<a 0•58

H Ce HaMHpa 0•85 M. Ha,[l,b no,[J,a. npH OTt<pHBaHeTO Ha rpo6HHU,aTa TSI ce yKa3a 3aTBOpeHa Cb

ron-tMa t<aMeHHa nno4a, 3aMa3aHa Haot<ono Cb sapb 1-1 t<bn4HLJ..(a. ,lJ,e6enHHara Ha c-tsepHHSI 3H.D.b,

06p. 64. - Hanllb )f{eHb pa3p-B3b Ha rpo6HHUaTa XVI.

A-tro e sparara, M-tpH 0·50 M. noAbTb 6-t nocrnaHb Cb n-tcbt<b. Y13B}ii\Tp-t CrEHHrE c}ji\ H3Ma3aHH Ha.:i

Hanpi;Ab Cb e,!J,Ha no-rpy6a Ma3Hnt<a, HanpaBeHa OTb sapb, nl;CbtpeCKH, KOHTO (}ji\ Be4e ,[I,OCTa noCTpa

,[l,anH orb snarara , oco6Ho Bb AOnHHrE YacrH, A-tro LJ..(yt<osara Ma3HnKa Ha MHoro M-tcra ce e

orn-tnHna H H3na,[l,ana. TasaHbTb e pHcysaHb u,i;nb Cb ron-tMH 4epseHH u,s-tTSI 3ae,o.11o Cb crb6nara

(Mat<b), Me»<AY t<OHTO ce HaMHpaTb OT,!J,-tnHH nHcra (rn. ra6n. XX 1 ). ,D,pyrHri:. cr-tHH Ha rpo6HHu,ara C}ji\

,[l,et<OpHpaHH no e,[I,Hat<bBb Ha4HHb, a HMeHHO 4p-t3b pa3,[1,i;nSIHe Ha 4eTBbpTHTH nonera, KOHTO HMH

THpaTb no Bdt<a s-tpoSITHOCTb MpSIMOpHa o6nHu,OBt<a (rn. ra6n. XX 2 H o6p. 64 H 65). Me>+<AY ri:.xb C}ji\

nOCTaBeHH ,[I,OCTa CJ.1nHO CT11nH3HpaHH U,Bi;THCTH OpHaMeHTH, t<OHTO HanO,o.06SIBaTb nO·Ct<OpO t<aH,o.ena6pH,

OTt<OnKoro Abpsera. Orropi; ce HaMHpaTb <f>pH30Be OTb CbeAHHeHH 3aocrpeHH apt<H Cb Mant<H u,s-tr

Yera Bb cpi;Aara. CrliHHrE, t<at<ro H OTA-tnHHrE opHaMeHrH, c}ji\ o6rpa,o.eHH Cb S1pt<o4epseHH nHHHH,

I '!

\ ' \ ~ '

rpaaeHH rpo6HHUH Bb rnaBHH~ KOpa6b 79

W11pOKI1 4-5 CM. 3acnyH<aBa Aa ce 113ThKHaTh rOJli:.MaTa CB060Aa 11 ecTeCTBeHOCTb, Cb KOI1TO Clf.. Tpe

T11paHI1 opHaMeHTI1Ti:., oco6eHo u.si:.n!Ta Ha csoAa . XyAOH<HI1KbTh e HaXBbpmtllb Ti:.311 SICH04epseHI1

MaKOBI1 LJ,Bi:.TSI IleKO 11 HenpHHyAeHO eAHO AO Apyro, 6e3b Aa r11 CBbp3Ba noMeH<AY 11Mb 111111 Aa r11

CTI1J111311pa, npocro TaKa, KaKTO 40Bi:.Kb r11 BI1H<Aa 0611KHOBeHO Bb nOJleTO. np11 1136opa Ha AeKopa

LI,I1SITa XYAOH<HHKbTh ce e noBJ111SIIlb 6e3b CbMHi:.HHe OTh Bb3peHHSITa Ha cTapHTi:. rbpU.11 11 p11M

IlSIHI1, np11 KOI1TO MaKbTb e 11rpa11b roni:.Ma ponS! Bb KYilTa Ha MbpTBHTi:..

Bb rpo6HHLJ,aTa ce yKa3axa neTb CKeneTa Cb rnas11Ti:. Ha 3anaAb, BCI14KI1 CbBci:.Mb pa3no

H<eHH, o6a4e HI1Kat<b He pa3Mi:.cTeHI1. Plf..u.i:.Ti:. 11Mb He 6t.xa CKpbCTeHI1 Bbpxy rbpAHTi:., a cnoH<eHH Ha

AJlbH<b Kpa?i Ti:.JlOTO. nbpB11SITh CKeJleTh, Abllbrb 1'67 M., KOHTO 6e3b CbMHi:.HHe np11HaAJ1eH<I1 Ha

HaH-CTapOTO norpe6eHHe Bb rp06HHLJ,aTa, Ce HaMHpawe Bb CaMOTO AbHO t<pa?i IOH<HaTa CTi:.Ha, He-

. ·! · ·

06p. 65. Ci>sepHaTa cTi>Ha Ha rpo6HHUaTa XVI Cb apaTaTa.

nocpi:.ACTBeHO AO HeSI. no CKeJleTa Ce 3a6i:.Jli:.3Baxa OUJ,e Klf..COBe OTh 113rHI1Jla TbHKa KOnpHHeHa

MaTep11S1, a TaKa Clf..UJ,O HaMi:.p11Xa Ce nOAb Hero 11 HaOKOJlO nap4eTa OTb 113rHI1J111 AbCKI1 11 rpy611

H<eJli:.3HI1 rB03Ael1, OTAi:.TO Ce B11H<Aa, 4e Ti:.JlOTO e 611110 nOCTaBeHO Bb AbpBeHb KOB4erb. , ,lJ,o rna

BaTa Ha T0311 CKeneTb ce HaMi:.pH cpe6bpHa 11rna 3a Koca, 3ana3eHa u.t.na, Abllra 12·1 eM., Ha Bbpxa Cb

ManKa TOnKa, a np11 Jli:.BaTa plf..Ka - rpHBHSI OTh J111rHI1Tb (A11aMeTbpb 6'8 CM.), Ha KOSITO Ha ABi:.

Mi:.cTa Clf.. np0611T11 ABi:. MaJ1KI1 AynKI1. Ocsi:.Hb iosa Bbpxy Taca Ha CKeneTa ce HaMi:.p11 CTbKJ1eH11Ua

Bb B11Ab Ha TbHKa enpyseTKa, no cpi>AaTa Cila6o 113AyTa, Abilra 32 CM. (o6p. 46 OTAOili:.); MeH<AY

6eApaTa - CTbKJleHO WI1We, BI1COKO . 19'5 CM., Cb He0611KHOBeHO AbilrO 11 Ti:.CHO rbp110 (o6p. 66) 11

Apyro Cb TOn4eCTa ¢opMa 11 w11p0K11 xyHHoo6pa3HI1 ycTa, BI1COKO 19 CM. (o6p. 67); np11 caMHTi:. Kpat<a

KaTypeHa rJ111HeHa CTOMHI14Ka 6e3b ApbH<Ka (o6p. 68), BI1COKa 21 CM., 41111TO ycTa 6i:.xa OT4yneHI1 11

Ce HaMi:.pHXa MaJlKO nO·AaJ1e4b, MeH<AY BT0p11S1 11 TpeTI1SI CKeJleTb. f\KO Ce Clf..A11 no cpe6bpHaTa

11ma 11 no rpHBHSITa, w,e Tpi:.6sa Aa npHeMeMb, 4e nbpB11SITb cKeneTb npHHaAneH<I1 Ha Hi:.K051 H<eHa.

., I I

~- - __ _ -__ ._ ..,..,.'""116::: .

80 HeHpononbTb Ha UbpHsaTa Ce CoqJHS!.

BropH51Tb cKeneTb, Abilbrb 1·05 M., nemewe Henocpt.ACTBeHo AO nbpBH51. no Hero C.'i\W,O ce

· 3a6i;ni;3aaxa 'laCTH OTb H3rHH!la KOnpHHeHa MaTepH51, o6a'le HHKaKBH C!ltAH OTb AbpBeHb KOBYerb

He MOH<axa Aa ;:.e KOHCTaTHj.)aTb. npH KpaKaTa MY ce HaMtpH eAHO XOAH!lO OTb o6yaKa, Ab!lrO 22 CM.,

HanpaBeHO OTb f.'i\6a H o6ni;'leHO no-paHO Bb KOH<a . npHHaAJJeH<aW,eTO KbMb Hero BTOpO XOAH!lO

ce HaM-&pH no-Aane'lb npH 'leTabpTH51 cKeneTb (rn. o6p. 69). TperH51Tb CKeneTb, Ab!lbfb 1·52 M., ce

H:!MHpawe C.'i\Llf,O Henocpi;ACTBeHO AO BTOpH51. no Hero ce 3a6tnt3aaxa K.'i\COBe OTb H3rHHJla KO

np11HeHa MarepH51, o6aYe HtMaWe HHf<af<BH C!ltAH OTb AbpBeHb KOB'lerb.

LJerabpTH51Tb 11 neTH51Tb cKeneTH, Ab!lrH no 1·62 M., ce HaMHpaxa eAHHb AO APYfb, OTAane

'leHH OTb OCTaHamni; Ha 40 CM., HenocptACTBeHO AO ctsepHaTa (BXOAHa) CTtHa Ha rpo6HHU,aTa. VJ

ABaTa rpyna C.'i\ 6H!lH nOCTaBeHH Bb KOB'le3H OTb A.'i\6080 AbpBO, lJHHTO ropH11 H AO!lHH AbCf<H 6txa

AOCTa A06pt, 3ana3eHH, a TaKa C.'i\W,O HaMtpHxa ce 11 10 rpy611 ,men-&3HH rB03Ae51 orb pa3Ha ront

MHHa. Bbpxy cKenerHrt. !lH'lexa K.'i\COBe OTb He0611KHOBeHo TbHKa, no'lTH npo3paYHa KonpHHeHa l'l'a

TepH51 , a TaKa C.'i\W,O nap'lera OTb Apyra no-Ae6ena MarepH51 Cb wapKH. Bb KpaKara Ha 'leTBbpT1151

0 6 p. 66. - CTbHneHHUa OTb rpo6HH uaTa XVI (1 2 eCT ron .).

06p. 67. - CTbi{JleHHUa OTb rpo6HHuaTa XVI (1 2 eCT. ron.).

CKe!leTb ce HaMtpHxa ow,e TpH XOAH!la OTb r.'i\6a 3aeAHO Cb nap'leTa OTb H3rHH!la KOH<a. ,l],st OTb

rt311 XOAHna, Ab!lfH no 24 eM., o6pa3yaarb eAHHb 'lHqnb, a rperoro, Ab!lfO 22 CM., o6pa3yaa APYfb

'li1¢Tb Cb OHOBa, HaM-&peHO npH BTOpH51 CKe!leTb.

no BCH'lKO H3rnemAa, 'le rpo6HHu,ara, cntAb norpe6eHHeTo Ha nocntAHHTt ABa rpyna, He e

611na seYe orsap51Ha. Or6tnt3aHHrt pa3MtcrsaHYI51 Ha HaM-&peHHrt. Bb He51 nptAMeTI1 C.'i\ naHam1

atpo51THO Bb sp-&Me Ha nocnt.AHHTt norpe6eHH51. 3acnymaaa ow,e Aa ce or6tn-&m11, 'le Bb csoAa Ha

rpo6HHU,aTa, 6!11130 AO IOr0-3anaAHH51 .'i\fb!lb, e OCTaBeHa 'leTBbpTHTa AynKa Cb WHpHHa OKO!lO 9 CM.,

3anyweHa orropt Cb Ape6HH KaMbHH 11 npbCTb. Ta3H AynKa e cnym11na MOH<e 611, 3a Aa ce 113!111-

BaTb np-&3b He51 Bbpxy rpynosert cn-&Ab norpe6eHHero HMb Ht.KaKBH 6naroyxaHH51.

17. CsoAecra rpo6HHu,a XVII, OTKpHTa Ha 28. X. 910 r. Bb u,eHrpanHH51 KOpa6b, Ha Ab!l60lJHHa

1·10 M. nOAb nbpBOHalJa!lHH51 nOAb Ha l.l,bpKBaTa. rpo6HHU,aTa, Cb HanpasneHHe OTb ctsepb KbMb

ipaneHH rp06HHUH Bb rnaBHH~ KOpa6b 81

1010, e ,!J,bJlra 113BlKTpi> 2·9Q M. (nbpBOHa4aJlHO nOBe4e), W11p01<a 2·10 11 BI1COI<a 1·8Q M. fOmHaTa 11

CTi>Ha e OTpi>3aHa u,i>na np11 noCTaBS!HeTO Ha OCHOBHI1SI 311)J,b, Bbpxy I<O~ho n0411BaTb ni1JlaCTp11rl Ha

Cs. Co¢1151. rpo6HI1LI,aTa e rpa,IJ,eHa OTb roni>MI1 I<Ba,IJ,paTHI1 TYXJ111 (crpaHa 32-35 CM., ,IJ,e6eJll1 4 CM.)

11 xopocaHb 6e3b 4yKaH11 KepaMI1AI1, cnaraHb Bb ,IJ,e6enl1 nnacrose. (Ti>HI1Ti> 113BJKTpi> c;r;. 113Ma-

3aH11 Cb sapb, pa3Mi>ceHa Cb ni>CblCb OTb Bapb 11 ni>Cbl<b. Bpa

TaTa, BI1COI<a 64 11 W11pOKa 6Q CM., Ce HaM11pa no cpi>,IJ,aTa

Ha Ci>BepHaTa CTi>Ha, Ha BI1C0411Ha 77 CM. Ha,IJ,b nO,IJ,a. np11

OT1<p11BaHeTO Ha rp06H11LI,aTa TSI 6-i>we 3anyweHa Cb ,IJ,Bi>

roni>MI1 KaMeHHI1 nJl0411, nocraseH11 e,IJ,Ha Bbpxy Apyra .

.D,onHS!Ta nno4a 11Mawe pa3Mi>p11 98 X 42 X 13 CM., a rop

HS!Ta - 83 X 43 X 13 CM. VI ABi>rl nJl0411 Ha BlKTpi>wHaTa

crpaHa 6-Bxa 3arna,IJ,eHI1, a Ha BbHWHaTa rpy6o o,IJ,i>JlaHI1.

0TBbHb npi>,IJ,b Ti>Xb 6-i>we CJlO}I<eHb, 3a ,IJ,a r11 np11TI1CI<a,

ron-EM:-. He,IJ,i>JlaHb KaMbl<b. Mem,IJ,I1H11Ti> Mem,IJ,y nn0411Ti>

11 rp06HI1LI,aTa 6-i>xa BHI1MaTeJlHO 3aMa3aHI1 Cb Bapb, pa3-

Mi>CeHa Cb ni>CblHa Ha rpo6HI1LI,aTa, npi>Ab ca

MaTa spaTa, ce HaM11pawe CbBbpweHo 113rHI1Jlb Be4e CKe

neTb Cb rnasaTa Ha 3ana,IJ,b, ,IJ,bJlbrb 1·62 M. Bbpxy Hero

ce HaMi>p11xa nap4eTa OTb 113rHI1Jl11 Apexl1 11 Abpso, s-B

pOS!THO OTb norpe6aJlHI1SI KOB4eiD, a np11 KpaKaTa MY -

113rH11Jll1 4aCTI1 OTb I<O}I<eHI1 o6yw,a Bb <jJOpMaTa Ha ,IJ,HeW

HI1rl u,bpsynl1. Bb IOmHaTa 4aCTb Ha rpo6HI1u,aTa, np-Bnb

OCHOBHI1SI 311)J,b Ha LI,bpKBaTa, Ce HaMi>p11Xa Bb Kynb Ka

MbH11, nap4eT J TYXI111, xopocaHb 11 6yu,11 rni1HecTa KaJlb,

nona,IJ,HaJll1 TYKb np11 nocTpoi1KaTa Ha Ka3aHI1SI 311,IJ,b. U-B-

06p. 68. - inHHeHa CTOMHHYKa OTb rpo6HHIWTa XVI (l'2 ecT. ron.).

naTa ocraHana 4aCTb Ha rpo6HI1LI,aTa 6-Bwe CbBbpweHo 411CTa 11 He Cb,IJ,bpmawe H11KaKBa npbCTb.

71BHO e, 4e rpo6HI1LI,aTa e 611na OTBapS!Ha caMo np11 nocrpoi1KaTa Ha LI,bpKBaTa, KoraTo e 611na pa3-

pyweHa · IOmHaTa 11 cTi>Ha, o6a4e BJKTpi>wHOCTbTa e 611na 3ana3eHa

HenOI<lKTHaTa.

18. Cso,IJ,eCTa rpo6H11u,a XVIII, OTI<p11Ta Ha 19. X. 910 ro,IJ,. Bb

rJlaBH11SI 1<0pa6b, Ha ,IJ,bJ160411Ha OI<OJlO 2 M. nO,IJ,b nbpBOHa4aJlHI151

nO,IJ,b Ha LI,bpi<BaTa. rpo6HI1LI,aTa, Cb HanpaBJleHI1e OTb 113TOIMI1 KBa,IJ,paTHI1 TYXJ111 (crpaHa 30-32 CM.) 11 xopocaHb 6e3b l<epa

M11,IJ,11. BpaTaTa ce HaM11pa no cpi>AaTa Ha 113T04HaTa CTi>Ha, 50 CM. Ha,IJ,b

no,IJ,a. TSI e BI1COKa 42 11 w11p01<a 43 CM., Tbi1 4e 40Bi>Kb ,IJ,OCTa TPYAHO

Mome ,IJ,a ce npoMbKHe npi>3b HeSI. 3aTsopeHa 6-Bwe cb o4yneHa TbHKa

MpS!MOpHa nJl04a, 4aCTb OTb I<OSITO Ce HaMi>p11 Bb HaCI1na nO-P,~Jle4b

OTb BXO,IJ,a. no BCI141<0 113rnem,IJ,a, 4e Ta311 nJl04a He e 611J1a nbpB0-06p. 69. - li'i'>6eHH XOllHna OTb

rpo6HHuaTa XVI (l ~ eCT. ron.). Ha4aJ1HaTa. VI3BlKTpi> rpo6HI1LI,aTa e 113Ma3aHa Cb rpy6a Ma311Jll<a OTb

Bapb, ni>Cbl nOKp11TO Cb e,IJ,I1Hb nJlaCTb OTb OI<OJlO 10 CM. BJlamHa 11 He06111<

HOBeHO I<Jli1CaBa TI1HSI, Bb I<OSITO 6-i>xa nOTbHaJ111 11 np11ni>nHaJ111 Cl<eJleTI1rl TOJ11<03b 3,IJ,paBO, 4e HI1-

Kai<BI1 KOCTI1 He MOmexa ,IJ,a ce 113Ba,IJ,S!Tb u,i;n11. Bb rpo6HI1u,aTa ce yKa3axa 5 CKeneTa Ha Bb3paCTHI1

CB. CocjJH•. 11

82 HeKpononbTb Ha UbpKsaTa Cs. Co<fJHSl

xopa, norpe6aHI1 B01YKI1 Cb rnas1-n-E Ha 3ana)J.b. no cp-EAaTa Ha rpo6HI1LJ,ara, AO c-EsepHaTa 11 cT-EHa,

HaAb TI1H51Ta, ce HaM11pawe ow,e eAHHb A-ETCKI-1 CKenerb, Abnbro caMo 45 01., nonomeHb Cb rna

sara KbMb ci;aepo-3ana)J,b. noHe»<e T031-1 CKeneTb He 6-l:;we HHKaKb nOKp1-1Tb OTb TI-1H51Ta, 51BHO e,

4e TOH npHHaAJle»<H Ha nocn-EgHOTO norpe6eHHe, Koraro oCTaHanHT-E cKeneTI-1 C}i'Z 61-1n1-1 se4e noKp1-1n1

LJ,i:;nl1 Bb T11H51. ,[],o A-ETCKI-151 CKeneTb Sb nl;so Ce HaM-Ep11 ManKa 3naTHa o6i:;LJ,a (o6p . 70 ), CbCTOSIW,a

Ce OTb xanKa 1-1 SHCynK<:!, )J,bnra SCI-14KO 19 MM. (T51»<eCTb 0·78 rp .) . Me>HAY rnaSHTi:; Ha nsa OTb Sb3-

paCTH1-1T-E CKeneTa Ce HaMi:;pl-1 CTbKneHa KaHI-14Ka Cb e)J.Ha Apb»<Ka, SHCOKa 16 CM.,

CYyneHa Ha MHOrO 4aCTI-1 , OTb KOHTO MO»<a )J.a Ce peCTaSp1-1pa nOYTI1 LJ,i:;na (o6p. 71 ).

T51 ce OTnl14aSa no He061-1KHOSeHO TbHKHT-E Cl-1 CT-EH11, KOI1TO e)J,Sa AOCTHraTb 0"5 MM.

Bb IO»<Hara CT-EHa Ha rpo6HHLJ,ara, 6n1-13o go 10ro-3ana)J.HI-151 }i'Zfbnb, e HanpaseHa ManKa

<f>epHAKa, )J.bn6oKa 12·5, SHCOKa 18 1-1 WHpOKa 37 CM ., Sb 1<051TO 6-l:;xa noCTaseHI-1 egHa

06p. 70. _ 3naTHa rpy6a rn1-1HeHa naMni14Ka Cb eAHHb <f>HTHnb 1-1 er4yneHa APb >H Ka (Abnra SCI-14KO OKano

o6i;ua OTb rpo6H- 12 CM., BI1COKa OKOnO 3·5 CM.) 11 e)J,Ha CTpOWeHa CTbKneHI1LJ,a Sb SH)J.b Ha enpyseTKa XVIII (eCT. ron.) .

noA06Ha Ha rS31-1 sb o6p . 46. Bb npbCTbTa np-EAb q :: o6HHLJ,ara ce HaM-Ep1-1xa H-E-

KOnKO nap4eTa OTb TbHKI1 OnoseHI-1 nn04KI-1, KOHTO C}i'Z 1-1rpan1-1 MO>He 01-1 H-EKa Ksa pOn51 np!-1 nbp

SOHaYanHOTO 3anywsaHe Ha sparara Ha rpo6HHLJ,aTa.

19. nnocKa rpo6HHLJ,a XIX, orKpHra Ha 16. X . 910 roA. Sb rnas HI-1 51 Kopa6b, Ha Abn6o41-1Ha

1"43 M. nO)J,b nbpSOHaYanHI-151 nO)J.b Ha L!,bp KSaTa (cp. OOp. 72, Sb n-Eso) . lpOOHHU,aTa, K051TO nbpsor:a-

4anHO e 611na a-Epo51THO noKpHTa Cb ron-EMI-1 nno41-1 KaKTO CbC-EAHara XX, ce HaM-Ep!-1 Cbsc-EMb orsopeHa

orropi> 11 nb11Ha Cb npbCTb T51 HMa HanpasneHHe OTb I-13TOKb KbMb 3ana)J.b 1-1 e Abnra 1"85, WHpOKa o·48

11 )J,bn6oKa Q·54 M. lpa)J.eHa e OTb ron-EM11 KSaApaTHI1 TyXnl-1 1-1 XOpOCaHb Cb ron-EMO KOnl-14eCTOO Tp0-

weHI1 KepaMI-1)J.I-1. Tyxn1-1r-E Ha c-EsepHara CT-EHa C}i'Z no-ron-EMI-1 (cb CTpaHa 32-33 eM. 1-1 Ae6en 1-1 4-4·5

CM.), a Ha 1-13TOYHaTa 1-1 IO»<HaTa Ci'K 3Ha41-1TenHO nO-ManKI-1 (Cb CTpa

Ha 26-27 eM. 1-1 Ae6enl-1 OKano 4 CM.) . 3ana)J.Hara CT-EHa n1-1ncsa , TbH

KaTO TSI ce 3aMi>CT51 OTb Hanp-E4HI-151 CTapb 31-1)J.b, KOHTO MI-1Hasa KpaH

rpo6H11u,ara (rn_ Ta6n. IX np1-1 G). noAbTb e nocmaHb Cb ryxn1-1. Bb

rpo6HHU,aTa ce yKa3a caMo eAHHb ci<enerb Ha Sb3pacreHb 40s-EKb,

nonomeHb Cb rnaaara Ha 3ana)J.b. Ocs-EHb rosa Sb npb CTbTa ce Ha

M-Ep11 ManKO napYe OTb Ma31-1nKa Cb cn-EAI-1 OTb <f>peCKI-1 Sbpxy He5t ,

I<OeTo e nona)J.Hano s-Epo51rHo ornocn-E, 3aeAHO Cb Hasn-E3nara Sb

rpo6H1-1u,ara npbcrb.

20. nnoci<a rpo6HHLJ,a XX, OTI<pHra Ha 23. X . 910 ro)J,. Sb u,eH

TpanHI-151 KOIJa6b, 62 eM. Ha c-Esepb OTb rpo6 H11u,ara XIX, Ha Abn6o-

41-1Ha Q·9Q M. nO)J.b nbpSOHa4anHI-151 nO)J.b Ha U,bpKsara (o6p. 72,

Bb )].eCHO). lp06HHU,aTa, Cb HanpasneHHe OTb I-13TOI<b KbMb 3a·

na)J.b, e 611na noKpHra orropi:; Cb ron-EM!-1 I<aMeHHI-1 nno4I1, Ae6en1-1

OKOnO 8 CM., KOHrO 6-l:;xa Se4e C4yneHI-1 1-1 pa3M-ECTeHI-1, TbH 4e u,l;

nara rpo6H11U.<' 61; nbnHa Cb npbCTb. T51 e Abnra 2 M., WHpoi<a 0·62 06p. 71. - CTbKneHHUa OTb r po6-

11 Abn6oi<a 0·75 M. fpa,u;eHa· e oro ron-EM r-1 I<Sa)J.paTHI-1 ryxn1-1 (crpaHa Hlwa, a XVIII (I~ ecT. ron .).

31-32 eM ., 4-5 eM . Ae6en1-1) 1-1 xopocaHb Cb ron-BMo I<Onl-14ecrso

C4yKaHH Ha OITHO KepaMHAI-1 . XopocaHblb e o6a4e rsbpAi; cna6b, Tbi1 4e ryxn1-1r-E necHo ce sa)J.SITb.

no)J.bTb e CaMO Orb npbCrb.

Bb rpo6HI-1u,ara ce yi<a3a caMo eAHHb Cbsci;Mb l-13rHHnb cKeneTb Ha Sb3pacreHb 40Bi;I<b Cb

rnaaaTa Ha 3anaAb. Toi:i e 61-1nb nocraseHb s-Epo51THO Sb AbpseHb I<OS4erb, noHeme ce HaM-Bp1-1xa

H-EI<onKo ron-EMI-1 rpy61-1 rs03AeSI OTb meni;3o. Ocs-BHb rosa Sb rpo6H1-1uara ce HaMi;pHxa ow,e cni>A

HI1rk np-EAMeTI1 : napyera OTb TbHI<a I<onpHHeHa Marep!-151 6e3b wapKI-1; rpy6a Marep!-151 Cb 3narH11

HI-1WI<I1 (CbpMa); nap4eTa OTb no-xy6asa CbpMeHa Marep!-151 Cb wapeHI-1 HBHU,I-1 no He51; 2 6poH30SI-1

rpaneHH rp06HHUH Bb CTpaHH4HH~ KOpa6b 83

TOn4ecm KOn4eTa (A11aMeTbpb 01<011o 9 MM.); e)J,I1Hb 6poH30Bb np-tAMeTb, Bb cpi:>AaTa Cb AYnKa,

BI1COKb 01<011o 2 CM., 411eTo np-6AHa3Ha4eHI1e He e 51CHO. Bci14KI1 T-6311 np-tAMeTH npOH3XO>HAaTh s-t

p051THO OTb H-6KOH pa3pyweHb nO-KbCeHb rpo6b, KOHTO Ce e HaM11pa11b Ha,[l,b rp06HHU,aTa.

06p. 72. - rpo6HHUH Bb s;r;rpt.wHOCTbTa Ha Cs. (Q(jJH~.

21. CsoneCTa rpo6HI1u,a XXI, OTI<p11Ta Ha 29. XI. 910 ro,IJ,. Bb 11"tB1151 CTpaHW·IeHb Kopa6b, Ha

,[l,b1160411Ha 1·15 M. nO)J,b nbpBOHa4aJIHI151 nO)J,b Ha U,bpKBaTa. tp06HI1U,aTa, Cb HanpaBJJeHHe OTb !Orb

KbMb c-tsepb, e )J,b11ra 1"80, WHpOKa 1"72 H BHCOKa 1·40 M. tpa,ll,eHa e OTb f011"6MH KBa,[J,paTHH T}'XllH

(CTpaHa 32-33 CM.) 11 xopocaHb caMo OTh sapb 11 n-tcbl<b, c11araHb Bb ,1J,e6en11 n11acrose. CnHHrS

H3BJKTp-6 ClK H3Ma3aHH HaH-Hanp-6,1l,b Cb no-rpy6a Ma3H11l<a OTb Bapb H KbJI4H~a, BbpXy K051TO C11"6,[l,Ba

11*

84 HeKpononbTb Ha UbpKsara Cs. Coqm11

eA11Hb TbHbl<b nnacTb OTb sapb 11 YyKaHb MpS!MOpb (w,y~<b). Bbpxy Ta311 Ma311J1Ka e 11Mano s"fipo

SITHO no-paHO <jJpeCKI1, OTb 1<011TO He C~ Ce 3ana3HJ111 CJl"fiAH. noAbTb e 113Ma3aHb Cb xopocaHb OTb

sapb 11 n"fiCbl<b. BpaTaTa ce HaMHpa Ha fO}I{HaTa CT"fiHa 1-1 TO He no cp"fiAaTa 11, a np1-1 toro-3anaAHI1SI

~rbJlb, OTAaJleYeHa CaMO 15 CM. OTb 3anaAHaTa CT"fiHa, 50 CM. HaAb nOAa. 0TrOp"fi TSI 3aBbpWBa Cb

xopH30HTaneHb KaMeHeHb nparb. B11C01<a e 50 11 w11p01<a 45 eM.

Bb rpo6HHu,aTa ce HaM"fipHxa pa3XBbpi1S!HH KOCTH, a Apyrl1 6-fixa HaTpynaH11 Ha K)'nb np"fiAb

BpaTaTa. no cp"fiAaTa Ha 113TOYHaTa 11 3anaAHaTa CT"fiHI1, 50 CM. HaAb nOAa, Ce HaM11paTb AB-b MaJ11<11

06p. 73. - (TbKneHHUa OTb rpo6HHuara XX I (l ~ ecr. r.).

I<BaApaTHI1 AynKH Cb CTpaHa 17 CM. Vl3TOYHaTa OTb T"fiXb e AbJ160Ka

16, a 3anaAHaTa 24 eM. Bb Ta3H nocntAHS!Ta ce HaM"fipH CTbKJleHo Wl1-

weHu,e Cb He06111<HOBeHO AbJlra WH?il<a, BHCOI<O 10 CM., OTb 1<011TO 8

CM. caMo 3a wHi1KaTa (o6p. 73). YcraTa Ha WI1WeHu,eTo c~ OTYyneH11,

Tb?i ye nbpBoHaYaJlHO w11i11<aTa e 61-1na ow,e nO-Abnra. W11p01<aTa YaCTb

Ha WI1WeHU,eTO e BAbJ16aHa CJ1a6o Ha neTb M"fiCTa, a nbHOTO My e CI1J1HO

snaneHo HaB~Tp"t, 1<a1<TO A06p"fi ce B11}1{Aa Bb pa3p"fi3a Bb o6p. 73. Bb

npbCTbTa Ha rpo6HHU,aTa Ce HaM"fipHXa Tp11 nJ10CI<I1 CHHI-1 CTbi<JleHI1 Mb

HHCTa, onop"fi H3n~KHaJ1H 11 Ha6p"fi3neHI1, nbilr11 OKOJlO 3, w11p01<1-1 oKono

2 CM. , no Cb nB"fi nynKH OTCTpaHH ( o6p. 74).

22. nnocKa rpo6H11u,a XXII, OTI<pHTa Ha 29. XI. 910 ron. Bb n"fi

BI1SI CTpaHI1YeHb !<Opa6b, Ha nbJ160YHHa 1·70 M. nOnb nbpBOHaYaJ1HI1SI nOnb

Ha U,bpi<BaTa. lp06HHU,aTa, Cb HanpaBJleHHe OTb 3anaAb l<bMb H3TOI<b, Ce

on11pa Henocp"fiACTBeHo no c"fisepHaTa cT"fiHa Ha n"tB11SI CTpaHHYeHb Kopa6b 1-1 AO rpo6H11U,aTa XXI.

TSI e Abilra 1•80, WHpOI<a 0'80, AbJ160Ka 0•90 M. 11 e OTYaCTI-1 pa3pyweHa . Onop"fi e 3aTBOpeHa

Cb nB"fi ron"fiMI1 rHai1COBH nJ10YI1. lpaneHa e OTb roJl"fiMH I<BanpaTHI-1 TYXJll-1 (CTpaHa 32-33 CM.)

H XOpOCaHb CaMO OTb Bapb 11 n"fiCbl<b. (T"fiHI1T"fi C~ 113Ma3aHI1 H3B~Tp"fi Cb XOpOCaHb, Bbpxy I<O?iTO

HMa nnaCTb OTb WYI<b, a nOllbTb e CaMO OTb npbCTb. no cp"fiAaTa Ha 3ananHaTa CT"fiHa. 34 CM.

HaAb nona, Ce HaM11pa CBOnOBa BpaTI1YI<a, BHCOI<a CaMO 36 CM. 1-1 WHpO!<a 42 CM. f<OCTI-1 Bb Ta3H rpo6-

HI1U,a He ce yKa3axa. Bb HaCHna ce HaM"fip11xa caMo napYeTa OTb CTpoweHb rmiHeHb c~Ab.

23. CsoneCTa rpo6H11u,a XXIII, OTI<p11Ta Ha 14. X. 910 ron. Bb n"fiBI1SI

CTpaHI1YeHb 1<0pa6b, Ha nbJ160YHHa 0·78 M. nOAb nbpBOHaYaJlHHSI nOAb Ha

U.bpKBaTa. lpo6H11u,aTa, Cb HanparsneHHe OTb 113TOI<b l<bMb 3anaAb, e Abilra

2·02, w11po1<a 1·25 11 BI1COKa 1·06 M. TSI e rpaneHa o:b ron"fiMI1 KsanpaTHI1 Tyx

!111 (34 X 32·5 eM., 33 X 33 eM.) 1-1 xopocaHb Cb Yy1<aH11 KepaMI1nH, cnaraHb

Bb ne6en11 nnaCTose. BpaTaTa, BHCOI<a 51 11 w11po1<a 44 eM ., ce HaMHpa no

cp"finaTa Ha 113TOYHaTa cT"fiHa. T Sl 6-fi HeAOCTaTbYHO 3anyweHa Cb OTilOMbl<b OTb

ManKa MpS!MOpHa KOJlOHa 1-1 H"fiKOili<O MaJlKH KaMbHI1. CT"fiHI1T"fi 113B~Tp"fi c~ 113Ma-

3aHYI Cb sapb, CM"fiCeHa Cb n"fiCbl<b 11 TBbpn"fi MaJli<O l<bJlYHW,a. noAbTb e

nocTJlaHb Cb TYXIlH.

lp06HI1U,aTa, Bb I<OSITO np"fi3b He A06p"fi 3aTBOpeHaTa BpaTa 6-fi Ha-06p. 74. - CTbKlleHo MbHHCTO OTb rpo6HH-

BJ1"fi3Jla MHOro npbCTb, Cbnbp}l{awe no c"fisepHaTa CT"fiHa enHHb CKeileTb Ha uara XXI (ecr. ron .).

Bb3paCTeHb YOB"fil<b Cb rnaBaTa Ha 3ananb, YI111TO I<OCTI1 6-fixa BeYe CbBC"fiMb

H3rHHJ111. Bb toro-3ananHI1SI ~rbJlb 6-fixa HaTpynaHI1 Bb ~<ynb ApyrH KOCTH, KOHTO 113rJle}I{Aaxa Aa

6~AaTb caMo OTb eAI1Hb CKeneTb. Me}l{nY T"fiXb ce HaM"fip11xa ns"fi napYeTa H3rH1·1Ila I<O}I{a, s"fipOS!THO

OTb o6yw,a . no BCI1YI<O Ce BH}I{na, Ye rpo6HI1U,aTa e 611J1a BeYe OTBapS!Ha 11 no-paHO.

24. CsoneCTa rpo6H11u,a XXIV, OTKPHTa Ha 6. X. 910 ron. Bb 113TOYHaTa YaCTb Ha n"fis11S1 CTpa

Hfo!YeHb Kopa6b, Ha nbJI60YI1Ha 1·1 0 M. nonb nbpBOHaYaJlHHSI nOAb Ha U.bp!<BaTa. CBOAbTb Ha rpo6-

H11U.aTa, I<OSITO 11Ma HanpaBJ1eHI1e OTb C"fiBepb l<bMb !Orb, Ce yKa3a CbBC"fiMb 3ApaBb. noHe}l{e Orb

rpaneHH rpo6HHUH Bb CTpaHHYHH~ KOpa6b 85

Apyra CTpaHa He 6t.we Bb3MOH<HO Aa Ce npOHHI<He Bb rpo6HHU.aTa, Bb IO>t<HaTa l.faCTb Ha CBOAa Ce

OTBOpH eAHa AYnl<a, npH I<OeTo ce y~<a3a , l.fe rpo6HHU.aTa 6t. nbnHa AOropt. Cb npbCTb H cnt.

AOBaTenHo 6H11a e OTBap51Ha seLJe no-paHo. C11t.Ab H34HCTBaHeTo Ha npbCTbTa ce I<OHCTaTHpa, l.fe

ct.sepHaTa cTt.Ha Ha rpo6HHU.aTa, At.To ce e HaMHpa11a H spaTaTa, e 6H11a pa3pyweHa npH nocTpOH

I<aTa Ha Cs. CocpH51, TbH 1<aTo TYI<<- MHHaBa OCHOBHH51Tb 3HAb Ha ct.sepHaTa BbHWHa cTt.Ha Ha U.bp

I<BaTa. lpo6HHU.aTa e Ab11ra cera (AO pa3Ba11eHaTa LJaCTb) 2·85, wHpO!<a 2·11 H BHCOI<a 1·88 M. lpa

AeHa e OTb ro11t.MH I<BaApaTHH TYX11H (32 X 33 H 33 X 33 eM.), Ae6e11H 4-6 eM. XopocaHbTb Cb

AbpH<a l.fyl<aHH Ha eApO !<epaMHAH H e c11araHb Bb Ae6e11H n11aCTOBe. CTt.HHTt. c;y:, Ae6e11H 01<0110

35 CM. H C.)f:. H3Ma3aHH H3B.)f:.Tpt. Cb eAHHb n11aCTb OTb Bapb, nt.Cbl<b H l<bJlLJHW,a. 8bpxy Ta3H Ma-

3H111<a C11t.ABa Apyra nO-TbHI<a H nO-r11aAt<a OTb Bapb H Mp51MOpeHb nt.Cbl<b (W.YI<b), o6al.fe CJlt.AH

OTb cppeCI<H He Ce 3a6t.11t.3BaTb. noAbTb e nOCT11aHb CaMO C:b eAHHb n1laCTb npt.l.fHCTeHb nt.Cbl<b.

Bb HaCHna Ha rpo6HHU.aTa ce HaMt.pH caMo eAHO rbp11o OTb CTbl<11eHo wHwe, BHCOI<O 5·5 eM. HH

t<ai<BH I<OCTH He Ce HaMt.pHXa, OTAt.TO ce BHH<Aa, LJe npH OTBap51HeTO Ha rp06HHU.aTa I<OCTHTt. (.)f:.

6H11H BHHMaTe11HO Cb6paHH H st.p051THO nOCTaBeHH Ha Apyro Mt.CTO.

25. CsoAeCTa rpo6HHU.a XXV, OTI<pHTa Ha 6. X . 910 roA. Bb caMH51 10rD-H3TOLJeHb i'Krb11b Ha

11t.BH51 CTpaHHl.feHb 1<0pa6b, Ha Ab11604HHa 01<0110 60 CM. nOAb nbpBOHaLJa11HH51 nOAb Ha LJ.bp!<BaTa.

CBOAbTb Ha rpo6HHU.aTa, K051TO HMa Hanpas11eHHe OTb H3TOI<b l<bMb 3anaAb, 6t. CbBCt.Mb pa3py

weHb, Cb H3KJliOl.feHHe Ha eAHa ManKa l.faCTb Ha IOH<HaTa CTpaHa , OTAt.TO ce BHH<Aa , l.fe TOH e

CTHra11b Henocpt.ACTBeHO AO nOAa Ha U.bpKBaTa. lp06HHU.aTa e Ab11ra 1'45, WHpOKa 0·58 H Ab1160t<a

1·02 M. T51 e rpaAeHa OTb ro11t.MH LJeTBbpTHTH TYX11H (28 X 28 X 4 eM.) H xopocaHb Cb l.fyKaHH l<e

paMHAH, I<OHTO ce OT11Hl.fasa no Heo6HKHOBeHaTa CH TBbpAOC:Tb. H3TOl.fHaTa cTt.Ha Ha rpo6HHU.aTa e

6Hna pa3pyweHa st.p051THO npH nocTpOHI<aTa Ha Cs. CocpH51, TbH l<aTo Ta3H cTt.Ha ce 3aMt.H51Ba cera

OTb OCHOBHH51 3HAb Ha U.bpi<BaTa. noAbTb Ha rpo6HHU.aTa e nOCT11aHb C.)f:.W,O Cb TYX11H, LJHHTO l'lt.H<

AHHH C.)f:. H3nb11HeHH MHOrO A06pt. Cb xopocaHb.

Bb rpo6HHU.aTa, I<051TO 6t. nb11Ha Cb npbCTb, ce y~<a3axa ABa c1<e11eTa Cb r11aBHTt. Ha 3anaAb.

KocTHTt. 6t.xa AOCTa pa3Mt.cTeHH, HO see naKb nbpBOHal.faJlHOTO HMb nonoH<eHHe 6t.we AOHt.I<"'At.

cna3eHO. 0Tb TOBa Ce BHH<Aa, LJe npH OTBap51HeTO Ha rpo6HHU.aTa Cb He51 C.)f:. Ce OTHeCJlH BHHMaTe11HO

H neH<aw,HTt. s;y:,Tpt. c1<e11eTH c;y:, 6H11H pecnei<THpaHH. HHKaKBH ApyrH npt.AMeTH, ocst.Hb I<OCTHTt.,

He ce HaMt.pHxa.

26. CsoAeCTa rpo6HHLJ.a XXVI, OTI<PHTa Ha 31. VI. 910 rOA. Bb 3anaAHaTa l.faCTb Ha ct.sep

HOTO CTpaHHl.fHO 0TAt.11eHHe Ha npt.AABepHeTO, Ha Ab1160l.fHHa 0·30 M. lp06HHU.aTa HMa HanpaB11eHHe

OTb H3TOI<b l<bMb 3anaAb. T51 e Ab11ra 1'95, BHCOKa 1'70, WHpOKa Ha 3anaAHaTa CTpaHa 0•75, Ha H3-

T0l.fHaTa- o·80 M. BXOAbTb, KOHTO 3aeMa u.t.naTa BHCOLJHHa Ha rpo6HHU.aTa, ce HaMHpa Ha _ 3anaA

HaTa CTpaHa, At.To C.)f:. nocTaBeHH TPH 3HAaHH cT;y:,nana, no ' KOHTO ce CJlH3a HaAont.. CT.)f:.nanaTa c;y:,

BHCOKH no 0•38 M., HO He C.)f:. eAHaKBO WHpOKH: nbpBOTO HMa 0·30, BTOpOTO 0'25, TpeTOTO 0·50 M.

lpaAeHa e OTb KaMbHH H TYX11H Cb xopocaHb. Pa3Mt.pa Ha TYX11HTt. e 32 X 35, 33 X 36, 33 X 37 H

35 X 35 eM., npH Ae6e11HHa OK0110 4 eM. Bb xopocaHa HMa npHMt.ceHH Cbsct.Mb ManKo TpoweHH

KepaMHAH. H3B.)f:.Tpt. rpo6HHU.aTa e H3Ma3aHa Cb sapb, Bb K051TO ce 3a6t.11t.3saTb cnt.AH OTb ro-

11t.MH B11ai<Ha l<b114HW,a. noAbTb e nOCT11aHb Cb TYX11H. KoHCTPYI<U.H51Ta e Bb06w,e AOCTa cna6a .

lpo6HHU.aTa ce HaMt.pH nb11Ha Cb npbCTb, Bb I<051TO 6t.xa pa3XBbp1151HH H Ht.I<OH I<OCTH. Ht.Ma CbM

Ht.HHe, LJe T51 e 6H11a OTBap51Ha H no-paHO.

26 a. KepaMHAeHb rpo6b, OTt<pHTb Ha 3. VIII. 910 roA. AO ct.sepHaTa cTt.Ha Ha CBOAeCTaTa

rpo6HHU.a XXVI, Ha Ab1160LJHHa 01<0110 2 M. lpo6bTb HMa Hanpas11eHHe OTb ct.sepb l<bMb fOrb H MH

Hasa OTLJaCTH nOAb CBOAeCTaTa rpo6HHU.a, OTb K051TO C11t.AOBaTe11HO Tpt.6sa Aa 6.)f:.Ae nO-CTapb.

lpo6bTb 6t. T0111<03b pa3pyweHb, At.To pa3Mt.pHTt. MY He MO>t<axa Aa ce ycTaHOB51Tb. ToH e 6H11b

HanpaseHb OTb ro11t.MH c11a6o H3BHTH KepaMHAH, nocTaBeHH CTpt.xoBHAHO. Bb rpo6a ce HaMt.pHxa

- -· -........:-- ~=-- - · .-

86 HeKpononbTh Ha UbpKsara Cs. Co¢Hil

I<OCTI1 OTb n'5TCI<H Cl<e!leTb, YaCTH OTb CTpOWeHI1 CTbi<JleHI1U,H, enHO roni;MO MbHI1CTO OTb TbMHO

CI1He CTbi<IlO Cb nHaMeTbpb 17 MM. H H'51<0Ili<O npe6HI1 Bli'\r!leHI1 .

27. CsoneCTa rpo6H11u,a XXVII, or1<p11ra Ha 3. VIII. 910 ron. Bb 113TOYHara YaCTb Ha ci;sepHoro

CTpaHI1YHO OTn'5neHI1e Ha np'5MBep11eTO, Ha nb!l60YHHa 1'70 M. rpo6HI1U,aTa 11Ma HanpaB!leHI1e OTb

ci;sepo-113TOII<I1Ha, I<OSITO rpi;6sa na e HanMI1Hasana 3Ha

YHTellHO cerawHaTa Mai<CHMallHa nbll>1<11Ha OTb 1'83 M. W11pOYHHaTa e 2•10, a BI1COYHHaTa 2 M. no

cpi;naTa Ha ci;sepO-H3TOYHaTa CT'5Ha, 1 M. Hanb nona, Ce HaM11pa CBOnOBa BpaTI1YI<a, BI1COI<a 78,

w11po1<a 50 eM. OrsbHb TSI 61; 3arsopeHa Cb roni;Ma I<aMeHHa nnoYa, ne6ena 12 eM , cb pa3M'bpH

90 X 62 eM. lpo6HHu,ara e rpaneHa caMo OTb ryxnH H xopocaHl> Cb Yyi<aHI1 I<epaMI1nl1, nocraBSIHb

Bb ne6en11 nnacrose. Tyxn11ri; 11MaTb pa3M'5pH 34 X 34 eM. , no p'5ni<o 34 X 17 eM., 11 eli'\ ne6en11 OTb

4-7 CM., 0 5HI<HOBeHO 5 CM. VbBli'\Tpi; rpo6H11U,aTa e 113Ma3aHa HaH-Hanpi;nb Cb eni1Hb n!laCTb OTb

sapb 11 n'5Cbl<b, pa3M'5ceHI1 Cb l<bllYHw,a. nocni; cn'5nsarb ow,e nsa TbHI<H nnacra xy6asb w,yl<b

(sa;:-b cM'5cet-~a cb Yyi<aHb MpSIMOpb). Orb rosa ce Bl1»<na, Ye rpo6HHu,ara rp'56sa na e 6Hna H3nH

caHa Cb <PpeCI<I1, OTb 1<011TO Cera H'5Ma BeYe 3ana3eHI1 Hl11<ai<B11 C!l'5nl1. nonbT"L e nOCTilaHb Cb

ryxn11, 1<0I1TO 11MaTb pa3M'5p11 31 X 33, 32 X 35 11 33 X 37 eM.

rpo6HI1U,aTa OTYaCTH 61; nb!lHa Cb npbCTb, Bb I<OSITO Ce HaMHpaxa YaCTH OTb Cl<e!leTb 11

crpoweHH CTbl<!leH11U,I1. Ocs'5Hb rosa Hanb caMHSI nonb ce HaM'5pHxa nsi; OT!li1YHO 3ana3eHI1 6poH-

30BI1 MOHeTI1, I<OHTO nopan11 OC06HaTa 11Mb Ba>J<HOCTb Oni1CBaMe no-nonp06HO.

a) 6p. MOHera OTb CesepHHa, »<eHa Ha f\spen11aHa (270- 275 ron.).

n1-1u,e: SEVERINAAVG. flpan11paHb 6JOCTb Cb nHaneMa HaneCHO; nonb 6JOcTa nonyMi;ceu,b.

Ona1<o: CONCORDIAAVGG. f\spen11aHb 11 CesepHHa, npas11, enHHb cpi;w,y npyro, CH nona-

Barb pli'\I<a; noMe»<nY 11Mb 3B'53na. Bb orp'53a KAr. - 22 MM. Cohen VI 209, 2.

6) 6p. MOHeTa OTb fli10I<JleU,I1aHa (284-305 ron.).

n1-1u,e : IMPCCVALDIOCLETIANVSPFAVG. ,lJ,panHpaHb 6JOCTb Cb Illi'\Yecra !<OpOHa HaneCHO.

Ona1<o: CONCORDIAIMtLIITVM. ,lJ,I1oi<neu,HaHb Bb soeHHO o6n'5I<no, npasb, HanecHO, nonyYasa

BHI<TOp11S1 sbpxy rno6ycb OTb pli'\I<ara Ha IOnHrepa, I<OHTO cro11 np'5nb Hero Hani;so, rOilb, MaHTI1SITa

MY sbpxy ni;soro paMo, Cb ni;sara pli'\I<a onp'5Hb Ha nbllbrD Cl<l1nTbpb. Bb llOnero Me»<ny o6pa-

3HT'5 II€; 6yi<BHT'5 Ha orp'53a 113TpHTI1. - 21 MM. Cohen VI 419, 34.

noHe»<e 11 nsi;ri; MOHeTI1 Cli'\ MHOrO no6pi; 3ana3eHH, TO rpo6HI1U,aTa Cb roni;Ma nOilO

>KI1Te!lHOCTb Mo»<e na ce nar11pa ow,e Bb !<paS! Ha Ill s'5!<b.

28. Csonecra rpo6H11u,a XXVIII, oT1<p11ra Ha 28. VII. 910 ron. Ha ci;sepHara crpaHa Ha u,bp

I<Bara, Me»<AY nsi;ri; nonnopHH cr'5HH, Henocp'5ncrseHo nonb HHBOTO. <PopMara ~ He o6pa3ysa npa

BHneHb YeTHpHli'\rbllHI1l<b: TSI e nb!lra 3·15 -3·2Q M. , W11pO!<a 2·5Q-2·7Q M., BHCOI<a OI<OilO 1'60 M.,

cb HanpasneHI1e orb ci;sepb l<bMb 10ro. Bb no!lHSITa CH YaCTb rpo6H11u,ara e 113rpaneHa Cb p'5YHH

I<aMbHI1, a ropHS!Ta YaCTb Ha cr'5HHn 11 csonbTb eli'\ OTb ryxn11. XopocaHbTb, HaHaCSIHb Bb ne6en11

nnacrose, Cbnbp»<a CbBC'5Mb ManKo rpoweHI1 I<epaMI1nl1. CsonbTb e noYTI1 u,i;nb pa3pyweHb, o6aYe see

nal<b IlHYH, ye roi1 e 611nb rpaneHb 1<pbcToo6pa3HO, 1<a1<TO Cli'\ csonoseri; Bb Ca. Co<PHSI (crp. 29 en. H

o6p. 22). Tyxrli1T'5, 30 X 34 CM., Cli'\ ne6e!ll1 4 CM. nonbTb Ha rpo6HHU,aTa Cli'\UJ,O e nOCT!laHb Cb

ryxn11. Bparara, wHpoi<a 0·70 M., ce HaM11pa Ha ci;sepHara crpaHa.

Bb rpo6HI1u,ara ce HaM'5p11xa pa3XBbpllS!HH Yos'5WI<H I<ocm Bb roni;Mo I<Olli1Yecrso, MO»<e

61-1 OTb OI<OilO 40 Cl<e!leTa. 0YeB11nHO e, Ye T'5311 I<OCTI1, noHe Bb no-roni;MaTa CH YaCTb, H'5MaTb

HI1UJ,O o6w,o Cb rpo6HHU,aTa, a Cli'\ 6HilH HaXBbpi1S!HI1 Bb HeSI np'53b nO-HOBO spi;Me, l<aTO Cli'\ 6H!lH

cb6paHI1 OTb OI<OilHHT'5 rpo6HHU,H 11 rpo6ose np11 no-paHWHH pa3I<Oni<I1. Kocmn npo113XO»<naTb

CHrypHO 11 OTb pa3HI1 spi;MeHa, nOHe»<e H'51<011 OTb T'5Xb 6i;xa Be4e CbBbpWeHO H3rH11Il11, a npyrH

- ow,e MHoro no6pi; 3ana3eHI1. Bb npbCTbTa Ha rpo6HHu,ara ce HaM'5p11xa 4 Malli<H 6pOH30BH MO-

/

rpaneHH rpo6HHUH BbHb OTb UbpKBaTa 87

Hen1 orb IV BtKb (avtaM. 13-15 MM.), CbBCtMb H3TpvtrH, a raKa c,:>r;.w,o eaHa cpe6bpHa xanKa Cb

avtaMeTbpb 18 MM. H eaHO nap4e OTb .ue6ena 6poH30Ba xanKa.

29. CBo.uecra rpo6Hvtu,a XXIX, orKpl.na Ha 17. VIII. 910 ro.u. npvt !OrO-H3TO'-IHHSl ,:>r;.fbnb Ha

U,bpKBaTa, Ha Abn60'-IHHa OKOnO 1'50 M. nOAb HOBOTO Ha nnowaaa. rpo6Hvtu,ara, Cb HanpaBneHY1e OTb

ctBepb KbMb !Orb, e Abnra 3·50, wvtpoKa 2·05 M. Hei1HHSlTb CBOAb Bb ropHS!Ta CH YaCTb e pa3py

weHb, BtpoJITHO KOraro ce e nonaranb ne>Haw,HSl Bbpxy rpo6Hvtu,ara rypcKH 3Y1Ab (rn. crp. 15).

rpo6HY1U,aTa e rpaaeHa OTb rontMY1 KBaapaTHH ryxnH (crpaHa 33-34 CM.) Y1 XOpOCaHb Cb TpOWeHH

KepaMY1AH. ,Ue6envtHara Ha crtHvtrt ce paBHSlBa Ha ep,Ha ryxna, Cb H3KnlOYeHHe Ha ctBepHara crtHa,

KOSlTO e ae6ena 50 CM. VbBi'ii.Tpt rt Ci'il. Y13Ma3aH11 Cb Bapb, Bb KOSlTO HMa npvtMtceHY1 Kbn4Hllla.

Bparara, wvtpoKa 65 CM., ce HaMvtpa Ha ctBepHara crtHa, He TO'-IHO Bb cptp,ara H. no cpt.uara Ha

lO>HHaTa CTtHa, Ha BHCO'-IHHa 1 M. HaAb noaa, Ce HaM11pa ManKa 3aCBOAeHa ¢epY1p,l<a, BY1COKa 40 11

wvtpoKa 30 eM. noAbTb Ha rpo6Hvtu,ara e nocrnaHb Cb no-ManKH ryxn11, Cb pa3Mtpvt 34 X 17 X 6

CM. Bb npbCTbTa, Cb KOSITO 6t nbnHa rpo6HY1U,aTa, AO CaMI1Sl nOAb, Ce HaMtpY1 6pOH30Ba MOHeTa

(p,vtaMeTbpb 19 MM.), MHOfO H3Tpvtra, KOSlTO no Tvtna H3rne>Hp,a aa 6,:>r;.p,e OTb Ill BtKb Cn. Xp.

30. nnocKa rpo6HHU,a XXX, OTKpvtra Ha 17. VIII. 910 ro.u. AO caMHSl !OrO-H3T04eHb ,:>r;.rbnb

Ha U,bpKBaTa, Ha 1·1 0 M. nOAb HHBOTO Ha nnow,a.ua. rpo6HvtU,aTa, Cb HanpaBneHHe OTb Y13TOKb KbMb

3anaab, e )J,bllra 2·15, WY1pOKa 1'65 11 )J,bnOOKa 1'55 M. rpap,eHa e OTb rontMI1 KBaapaTHH ryxn11

( crpaHa 33 eM.) 11 xopocaHb Cb YyKaHY1 KepaM11AH. ,Ue6enY1Hara Ha crtHvtrt ce paBHSlBa Ha

ep,Ha ryxna. 1-'bB,:>r;.Tpt CTtHHTt C,:>r;. H3Ma3aHH Cb XOpOCaHb, Bb I<OHTO C,:>r;. npvtMtCeHI1 rontMO KO

JlH'-IeCTBO YyKaHH KeT)aMY1AH, nopap,H Koero ro11 HMa CbBCtMb 4epBeHb u,BtTb. Bparara, wvtpoKa 55

H BHCOKa 50 CM., ce HaMvtpa no cptp,ara Ha H3T04Hara crtHa. Orropt rpo6Hvtu,ara e 6vtna noKpvtra

Cb ront;fivt KaMeHHI1 nnO'-IH, pa36HTI1 H OT4aCTH Y13BaaeHH OW,e nO-paHO. nop,bTb e liOCTnaHb Cb

nnacrb OTb xopocaHb. HvtKaKBH nptp,MeTI1 Bb Hacvtna Ha rpo6Hvtu,ara, ocBtHb HtKovt pa3XBbpnSlHH

KOCTY1, He ce HaMtpvtxa.

31-32. llnocKa (?) rpo6Hvtu,a XXXI, orKpvtra Ha 14. VIII. 910 rop,. Ha lO>HHara crpaHa Ha u,bp

KBara, OKOnO 2·50 M. aane'-lb OTb HeSl. Ta3H rpo6HY1U,a, Op11eHTY1paHa OTb Y13TOKb KbMb 3anaab Cb

cna6o !Or0-113TO'-IHO HanpaBneHY1e, ce HaMtp11 Bb nonypa3pyweHo CbCTOSlHY1e: TSl e

Abnra 2 M. , WHpOKa 1 M. Y1 .UbJ160Ka OKOnO 0'80 M. CrtHY1Tt H, .ue6enl1 35 CM., Ci'il.

rpa.ueHH orb rontMH KBa.upaTHH ryxnvt Cb crpaHa 33-35 eM. H xopocaHb Cb YyKaHH

KepaMY1A11. Orropt rpo6H11u,ara e 611na BtpoSlTHO noKpY1ra Cb rontMI1 KaMeHH!1

nn0411.

Henocpt.ucrBeHo noab Ta3H rpo6HvtU,a ce yKa3a Bropa no-ManKa rpo6HY1u,a

XXXII, o6aye Cb HanpaBneHvte OTb !Oro-3anaab KbMb ctBep0-113TOI<b. TSl e Abnra 90

CM., wvtpoKa 36 eM. 11 abn6oKa 40 eM. CrtHvtrt, .ue6en11 17 eM., c,:>r;. rpa.ueHI1 OTb

ryxnvt Cb pa:mtpvt 34 X 17 X 6 CM. 11 xopocaHb Cb YyKaHH KepaMH)J,I1. Orropt rpo6-

Hvtu,ara 6t 3aTBopeHa Cb .ust rontMH KBa.upaTHI1 ryxnvt Cb crpaHa 60 CM., .ue6envt no 06P· 75· - CTb-_ I<JleHHUa OTb rp.

8 CM. no)J,bTb 6t nOCTnaHb Cb Ci'ii.W,HTt ryxnH, OTb KOHTO Ci'il. HanpaBeHH 11 CTtHvtTt. XXXII(l 2 ecr. ron.).

Bb ra311 rpo6Hvtu,a ce HaMtpvt .utrcKY1 CKeneTb Cb rnaBara Ha 3anaab 11 eaHo ManKo

CTbKneHO lllHWeHU,€', BY1COKO 7•4 CM., Cb Mnt4H0-6tnb U,BtTb 11 xyoaBa Y1p113aU,Y1Sl (o6p 75).

33. CBop,ecra rpo6Hvtu,a XXXIII, OTKpvtra Ha 13. VIII. 9!0 ro.u. Ha lO>HHara crpaHa Ha u,bpKBara,

OKOnO 9 M. p,aneYb OTb HeSl, CaMO Ha HtKOnKO CaHTHMeTpa nOAb HHBOTO Ha nnow,ap,a. rpo6HI1U,aTa,

Cb HanpaBJJeHHe OTb !Orb KbMb CtBepb, e )J,bnra 2'35 H WHpOKa 2'50 M. ropHS!Ta '-laCTb Ha CBO)J,a,

KOSlTO e ne>Hana no-BHCOKO orb HHBOTO Ha nnow,ap,a, 6t orctYeHa. CrtHvtrt, p,e6en11 35 CM., Clf<.

rpaaeHH OTb pt'-IHH KaMbHH H XOpOCaHb, Bb KOHTO Ci'il. npvtMtCeHH CbBCtMb ManKO rpoweHH Kepa

MY1)J,H. Bparara, w11poKa 60 CM., ce HaMvtpa no cpt.uara Ha lO>HHara crtHa. Bb Hac11na, Cb KOHTO 6t

/

88 HeKpononbTb Ha ubpKsara Cs. Co<jH111

H3nbnHeHa u;tnaTa rpo6HHLJ,a, He ce HaMEpHXa HHI<ai<BH np-tn,MeTH- noHe}!{e CBOIJ,bTb Ha Ta3H rpo6-

HHLJ,a, KOI1TO ce ornHYasa H no rpa!J,e}!{HHSI CH MarepHanb, ce HaMHpa Ha MHOro no-ron-tMa BHC04HHa,

orKonKoro CBOAOBer-t Ha APYrHr-t rpo6HHLJ,H, rp-t6sa )J,a ce npHeMe, Ye TSI e npaseHa Bb no-KbCHO

Bp-tMe, I<OraTO OI<OnHOTO HHBO e 611n0 Be4e n0-113)J,I1rHaTO.

34. Cso!J,ecra rpo6HHLJ,a XXXIV, oTKp11ra Ha 22. IX. 910 ro!J,. np-tn,b ¢aca)J,aTa Ha u,bpKsara,

12·50 M. )J,ane4b OTb HeSI. rpoOHI1U,aTa, Cb HanpasneHHe OTb H3TOI<b l<bMb 3ana)J,b, e IJ,bnra OI<OnO

2"50 M., WHpO!<a OI<OnO 2 11 BI1COI<a 1·70 M. TSI e rpa!J,eHa OTb ryxnH 11 xopocaHb Cb KepaMI1)J,I1, HaHa

CS!Hb Bb IJ,e6enH nnacrose. Bparara ce HaM11pa no cp-t!J,ara Ha H3T04Hara cr-tHa. VI3BiY\rp-t cr-EHHT-t

CiY\ 113Ma3aH11 Cb sapb, Bb KOSITO 11Ma np11M-EceHI1 Kbn4Hlll.a. Bbpxy ra3H Ma3HnKa CiY\ Hap11cysaHH Cb

YepBeHa 60S! 4er11p11 ron-EM11 !<pbCTa, a HMeHHO e)J,I1Hb Ha CBO)J,a, no e.n,I1Hb Ha IJ,B-tr-t iJ,bnrH CTIHH

H e)J,I1Hb Ha KiY\cara 3ana.n,Ha cr-tHa (ra6n. XXI 1). Bcl141<11 K~bcrose 11MaTb e!J,HaKBa ¢opMa.

HaoKono r-t CiY\ o6rpa)J,eHI1 Cb pacr11renH11 opHaMeHTI1, Hanpaseril1 Cb 3eneHa 6oS!, KOHTO CiY\ MHOro

nocrpa!J,anH OTb Bnarara 11 npOH111<Hanara Bb BiY\Tp-EWHOCTbTa BOIJ,a. rpo6HI1U,aTa e 611na OTBapS!Ha

BeYe no-paHo, KaKTO ce BI1}!{1J,awe OTb nHncara Ha KaMeHHara nnoYa np-EAb sparara 11 orb HaCI1-

naHara Bb np-EAHS!Ta Yacrb Ha rpo6HHu,ara npbCTb. Ocs-tHb H-EKonKO pa3XBbpnS!HI1 KOCTI1, HHKaKBH

APYrH np-EAMeTI1 BiY\rp-t He ce HaM-Ep11xa. :, ·

3. 06HKHOBeHH rpo6ose

1. rpo6b, OTI<p11Tb Ha 9. VIII. 910 ro)J,. Bb anCI1)J,aTa, npH c-tsep0-113T04HI1SI iY\rbnb Ha rpo6-

HHLJ,aTa Ill, Ha )J,bn60411Ha 2"90 M. nO)J,b nO)J,a Ha anCI1)J,aTa (rn. ra6n. IX). rpo6bTb CbiJ,bp}!{aWe e.n,HHb

CKeneTb Ha Bb3paCTeHb 40B-tl<b Cb rna sara Ha 3ana)J,b, 4HHTO I<OCTI1 6-txa Cb6paHI1 ManKO Bb Kynb.

Bb npbCTbTa ce HaM-Ep11xa H-EKonKo ManKI1 napYera orb crpoweHa no-paHo CTbKneHI1u,a. H111<a1<BH

cn-EA11 OTb orpa)J,a HnH KOBYerb He ce yKa3axa.

06p. 76. - KepaMHlleHb rpo6b Bb anowara Ha Cs. Co<jm11.

2. rpo6b, OT!<p11Tb Ha 9. VIII. 910 rO)J,. Bb anCI1)J,aTa, np11 c-tsepo-H3T04HHSI iY\rbnb Ha rpo6HI1-

u,ara Ill, Ha Abn6o4HHa 2·30 M. nO)J,b no.n,a Ha anCH)J,ara. Bb rpo6a ce yKa3a e!J,HHb cKeneTb Ha Bb3-

pacreHb 40B-tl<b Cb rnasara Ha 3ana.n,b, 411HTO I<OCTH 6-txa OT4aCTH Cb6paHH Bb Kynb. )J,bn}!{HHaTa

Ha rpo6a AOCTHra o1<ono 1 M. Cn-t.n,osarenHo 11 ryKb KOCTHT-t CiY\ 611nH np-tHeceHH ornocn-t.

06HKHOBeHH rp060Be Bb ueHTpanHaTa YaCTb Ha UcpKBaTa 89

2 a. C~KW.HSJ AeHb nOAb ropH1-1Sl rpo6b ce HaMi;p!-1 .r:~pyrh, noxnyneHb Cb roni;MI-1 KepaMI-iAH, Bb

KOHTO KOCTI-1Ti; C!KW.O 6i;xa Cb6paHI-1 ManKo Bb Kynb (o6p. 76). lnasara Ha CKenera ce HaMHpawe Ha

!Orb. HHKaKBH npi;AMeTI-1 Bb rpo6a He ce HaMi;p1-1xa.

3. lpo6b, OTI<p1-1Tb Ha 9. VIII. 910 ro.r:~. Bb anCI-1AaTa Me»<AY rpa.r:~eHara rpo6HHu,a Ill H c-bsep

Hara cri;Ha, Ha Ab1100Y!-1Ha 2·30 M. nOAb no.r:~a Ha anCI-1AaTa. Bb rpo6a ce yKa3axa .r:~sa ct<enera Ha

Bb3paCTHI-1 XOpa Cb rnaB!-1Ti; Ha !Orb, YHI-1TO I<OCTI-1 6i;xa BeYe

AOCTa pa36bpKaHH. HHKai<BH Cili;AH OTb I<OBYerb He ce HaMi;

p1-1Xa. ,lJ,bJl»<I-1HaTa Ha rpo6a ,[\OCTI-ira e,[IBa 01<0110 1 M. no

rpe6eHHeTO CJli;,[IOBaTeJlHO He e nbpB1-14HO; I<OCTHTi; 1-1 Bb T031-1

cnyyaJ::! C/K 61-111H npi;HeceHH 1-1 nocraseHH ryKb ornocni;.

4. lpo6b, orKp1-1Tb Ha 28. IX. 910 ro.r:~ . Bb ci;sepHoro

or.r:~i;neHHe Ha Hanpi;YHHSI Kopa6b, Bb caMHSJ ci;sepo-3ana

AeHb /KrbJlb, Ha ,[\bJ160YI-1Ha 80 CM. nO,[\b nbpBOHaYaJlHHSl

nOAb Ha u,bpKsara. lpo6bTb Ha IO»<Hara CH crpaHa 61; 3a

rpaAeHb Cb eAHHb peAb pi;YHI-1 KaMbHI-1 6e3b xopocaHb, a Ha

ci;sepHara crpaHa rpaHI-141-1 Cb ci;sepH1-1Sl 3HAb Ha Hanpi;YHI-151

1<0pa6b, BCJli;ACTBI-ie Ha KOeTO HerOBaTa cpopMa SICHO Ce

oyeprasa. To~::! e Abilbrb 1·75 M., npH rnasara e no-wHpOKb

(60 CM .) 1-1 KbMb KpaKara nocreneHHO ce cri;cHSJBa (Ao 53

eM.). Orb ct<enera, KOHTO e 6Hnb nocraseHb Cb rnasara

0 6 p. 77. - 3naTeHb npbcTeHb OTb

rpo6a 4 (e: CT. ron.) .

06p. 78. - 3naTeHb npbCTeHb OTb

rpo6a 5 (ecT. ron .).

Ha 3anaAb, C/K 3ana3eHH caMo Hi;Kol-1 no-3ApasH KOCTH OTb yepena , rpb6HaKa H KpaKara. Bb rpo6a

Ce HaMi;pHXa CJli;,[IHHTi; npi;,[IMeTI-1 : napYeTa OTb TbHKa KOnp1-1HeHa MaTepH51 Cb MHOrO ,[I06pi; 3ana-

3eHH 3JlaTHI-1 HHWKI-1 1-1 Cb HeSICHH wapKH; 4 rpy61-1 »<eJli;3HI-1 rB03,[\e51 (AbJlrl-1 01<0110 9 CM.) Cb WHpOKI-1

cnnecHaTI-1 rnas1-1, KOHTO noKa3BaTb, Ye ri;noro e 61-1110 nocraseHo Bb AbCYeHb KOBYerb; 3nareHb

npbCTeHb (A1-1aMeTbpb 25 MM., T51H<eCTb 13·65 rp.), OTJ11-14HO 3ana3eHb 1-1 ,[I06pi; H3pa60TeHb (o6p. 77

1-1 ra6n. VIII 5). Bbpxy Kp~Krnoro nnocKo JlHu,e Ha npbCTeHa, nocraseHo Me»<AY ABi; JlbBCKI-1 rnaBHYKH,

Cb KOHTO 3aBbpWBa XaJlKaTa, e rpaBHpaHb WeCTOKOHeYeHb KpbCTb, 01<0110 KOHTO Ce HaMHpa Bb

HeraTI-1Bb HaAni-1CbTb t X~,!,~il~K"k np·kcTEH"k. 0Tb HeraTHBHara cpopMa Ha HaAn!-1ca ce BH»<Aa, Ye npbC

TeHbTb e 61-111b ynorpi;651BaHb Karo neYaTb. ln. 3a Hero 6i;ni;»<KI-1Ti; Ha Hop. VI BaH o B b (VI3si;crH51

06p. 79. - KopnoHb OTb rpo6a 5 (eCT. ron.).

Ha 6bnr. apxeon . .r:~py»<. II, 1911, 5 H ra6n. I 2), KOHTO

nocoYBa Hi;KoH napanenH 3a HMero Xo.r:~opb BMi;cro

Teo.r:~opb, To.r:~opb (3aMi;H51BaHe Ha acn1-1pHpaHOTO

m, 0, Cb x).

5. lpo6b, OTKPHTb Ha 2. XII. 910 ro.r:~. npi;Ab

ci;sepo-3anaAHI-151 nOAKynoneHb nl-inacrbpb, ~a AbJ1-

6oYHHa 1·15 r;· nOAb nbpBOHaYaJlHI-151 nOAb Ha u,bpKBaTa. Bb rpo6a, ocsi;Hb cKeneTb Ha Bb3-

pacreHb YOBi;Kb, Ce HaMi;pl-1 3JlaTeHb npbCTeHb (AI-iaMeTbpb 27 MM. , T51H<eCTb 35"05 rp.), Bbpxy Kp!K

rnOTO JlHu,e Ha KOHTO e rpasHpaHb openb Cb pa3nepeHH KpHna (o6p. 78 1-1 ra6n. VIII 6). HaoKono

ce HaM!-1pa Bb o6pareHb peAb no.r:~ni-1CbTb t C.HT~MHP~Kl 1.j llph.CTEH, a xanKara e yKpaceHa Cb

xy6aso H3pa6oreHa cnHpana OTb nanMeTKI-1. ln. 3a T031-1 npbcTeHb Hop. VI BaH o B b, Bb Vl3si;cr1-151

Ha 6bnr. apxeon. .r:~py»<. II, 1911, 8 en., KOHTO Cb npaso nocoysa, ye T031-1 81-1TOM1-1pb e si;po-

51THO C/Kll\OTO JlHLJ,e, H3Bi;CTHO OTb e,[\1-iHb Ha,[\ni-1Cb OTb 6051HCKaTa U,bpKBa KaTO 6aw,a Ha f\JlTHMHpa,

KOHTO ce nOMI-1Hailb npi;3b 1346 ro.r:~. Bb rpo6a ocsi;Hb npbcTeHa ce HaMi;p1-1xa ow.e 1-1 napYera OTb

pa3HI-1 l-13rHI-1Jll-1 Marep1-11-1, si;3aHI-1 OTYaCTH Cb 3Jlaro. Oco6Ho BHI-1MaHHe 3acnymasarb Me»<AY ri;xb

ABi; ynneTeHI-1 KaTO KOpAOHI-1 napYeTa Cb Bb3eJll-1, 1<01-iTO C/K CJlYH<I-1111-1 si;p051THO 3a 3aKOnYaBaHe Ha

JJ,pex1-1rl (o6p. 79). Ti;noro e 61-1110 norpe6aHo Bb AbpBeHb KOBYerb, KaKTO noKa3BaTb 3ana3eHI-1Ti;

Cs. Co<j>H~ . 12

90 HeKpononbTb Ha Ubpt<BaTa Cs. Co<j:n1St

CJ1i:.,O,I1 OTb ,O,bDBOTO 11 ,O,Ba rpy611 >KeJ1i:.3HI1 rB03,0,eSl. no BC114KO 113rJ1e>K,O,a, 4e rpOObTb e np11Ha,o,ne

>KaJ1b Ha Hi:.Koe TBbp,O,b Ba>KHO J111Ue.

6. rpo6b, OTKp11Tb Ha 2. XII. 910 ro,o,. npi:.,o,b 10ro-3ana,o,HI1Sl no,o,KynoneHb nl1nacrbpb, Ha

,O,bJ160411Ha OKOJ10 80 CM. nO,O,b nbpBOHa4aJ1HI1Sl nO,O,b Ha UbpKBaTa. rpo6bTb Cb,O,bp>KaWe CKeJleTb

Ha Bb3pacreHb 40Bi:.Kb Cb rnaBara Ha 3ana,o,b :1 Cb p.li\.ut. KpbcrocaHI1 Bbpxy rbp,o,11rt. Ha,o,b CKe

nera Bbpxy rbp,o,11rt. ce HaMi:.p11xa 20 6poH30BI1 ron4ecr11 KOnYera, 113B;upt, KYXI1 (,o,11aMerbpb

06p 80. - Cpe6bpeHb npbCTeHb OTb rpo6a 8 (eCT. ron.).

OKOJ10 10 MM.), OT4aCTI1 n03JlaTeHI1, 11 e,o,Ha OTYyneHa cpe

ObpHa MOHera (,o,11aMeTbpb 18 MM.), st.posrFHO 6b.Flrap~H-a

OTb V1B. F\n eKCaH,o,pa (1331-1365 ro,o,.) .

7. r p06b, OTKp11T'b Ha 1. XI. 910 ro,o,. Bb IO>KHOTO OT

,o,i:.neH11e Ha Hanpi:.4HI1Sl Kopa6b, npi:.,o,b caMI1Sl no,o,KynoneHb

ni1JlaCTbpb, Ha ,O,bJ100411Ha 80 CM. nO,O,b nbpBOHa4aJ1HI1Sl

nO,O,b Ha UbpKBaTa. rpo6bTb Cb,O,bp>Kawe e,O,I1Hb CKelleTb Ha

Bb3pacreHb 40Bi:.Kb Cb rnaBara Ha 3ana,o,b. OcBi:.Hb roBa

HaMi:.p11Xa Ce ,O,Bi:. rOJ1bMI1 n03JlaTeHI1 6pOH30BI1 KOn4eTa OTb 0611KHOBeHaTa TOn4eCTa cpopMa (,o,11a

MeTbpb 15 MM.) 11 e,o,I1Hb cpe6bpeHb rpowb (,o,11aMeTbpb 21 MM.) orb M11xa11nb W11wMaHa (1323-

1330 ro,o,.), HaoKono OT4aCTI1 oyyneHb ( Lj ubi c, Opis jugoslavenskih novaca, Zagreb 1875, crp. 23

n. 2 11 ra6n. II 21).

8. rpo6b, OTKPI1Tb Ha 5. XI. 910 ro,o,. Bb IO>KHOTO or,o,t.neHI1e Ha Hanpi:.4HI1Sl KOpa6b, Ha ,O,bJ160411Ha

OKOJ10 1 M. nO,O,b nbpBOHa4aJ1HI1Sl nO,O,b Ha UbpKBaTa. rpo6bTb Cb,O,bp>Kawe e,O,I1Hb CKeJleTb Ho Bb3-

pacTeHb 40Bi:.Kb Cb rnaBara Ha 3ana,o,b. Ha ,o,ecHara p.li\.Ka Ha CKenera ce HaMi:.p11 cpe6bpeHb npb

creHb (,o,11aMeTbpb 23 MM.) Cb npo3pa4eHb KaMbKb (CTbKIIO), yKpaCeHb HaOKOJlO Cb MaJ1KI1 TOn4eTa

(o6p. 80).

9. rpo6b, OTKp11Tb Ha 25. IX. 910 ro)J,. Bb IO>KHOTO or,o,t.neHI1e Ha Hanpi:.4HI1Sl Kopa6b, npi:.Ab

3ana)J,Hara ¢ep11AKa, Ha Abn6o411Ha 80 eM. nOAb nbpBoHaYanHI1Sl nOAb Ha UbpKBara. Bb rpo6a ce

yKa3a e,[l,I1Hb CKenerb Ha Bb3pacreHb 40Bi:.Kb , norpe6aHb Cb rnaBara Ha !Orb. Orb cKenera 6t.xa 3a

na3eHI1 CaMO 4aCTI1 OTb 4epena, ,[l,eOeJ111Ti:. KOCTI1 Ha KpaKaTa 11 OW,e Hi:.KOI1 n0·3,0,paBI1 KOCTI1 OTb

p.li\.ut.rt, 11 rpb6HaKa. OcBi:.Hb TOBa HaMi:.p11xa ce Bb rpo6a cnt.,o,HI1Ti; npt.,o,MeTI1 : napYera orb 113-

rHI1na TbHKa Konp11HeHa Marep11Sl; napYera OTb rpy6a neHeHa Marep11Sl Cb cnt.,o,11 orb 3JlaTHI1

HI1WKI1; 3 MaJ1KI1 6pOH30BI1 TOn4eCTI1 KOn4eTa, 113B.li\.Tpi; KYXI1, KOI1TO OWe ce Kpi:.ntxa Ha e,O,HO

nap4e OTb TbHKa Konp11HeHa Marep11Sl; 8 rpy611 >+<ent3HI1 rB03AeSl

(,O,bJ1rl1 OKOJ10 9 CM.) Cb W11pOKI1 CnJ1eCHaTI1 rnaBI1 11 Cb cni:.,o,11 OTb

nbpBO, KOI1TO ce 6t.xa 3ana311J111 Bb pb>+<Aara Ha Merana; e)J,I1Hb

3JJaTeHb npbCTeHb (,o,11aMeTbpb 22 MM., TSl>KeCTb 11·06 rp.) Cb Kp.li\.rJIO

nnocKo n11ue, Bbpxy Koero e rpoB11paHo 113o6pa>+<eHI1ero Ha e,o,Ho

CI1JIHO CTI1J111311paHO JlbB4e, 0011KOJieHO Cb Cn11pana OTb nan

MeTKI1 (o6p. 81 11 ra6n. VIII 7). KaKro ce BI1>+<Aa orb rB03AeJ-!Ti:.

06p. 81. - 3naTeHb npbcTeHb OTb rpo6a 9 (ec-r. ron .).

JII1UeTO e 611n0 norpe6aHO Bb )J,bC4eHb KOB4erb, KOiho e 113rHI1Jib. npaBI1 Bne4aTJ1eHI1e, 4e TbllOTO

e 611no nocraBeHo He Cb rnaBara Ha 3ananb, KaKro e xp11CTI1SlHCKI1SlTb o611Yai1, a Ha !Orb, MaKapb

11 ,[l,a Hi:.Ma HI1KaKBO CbMHi:.HI1e, 4e norpe6eHI1eTO e Xp11CTI1SlHCKO. npbCTeHbTb e 113)J,a)J,eHb 11 Oni1CaHb

no-no,o,po6Ho orb Hop. V1 BaH o B b, V13Bi:.CTI1Sl Ha 6bnr. apxeon. Apy>+<. II, 1911, 10 11 ra6n. I 6.

10. rpo6b, OTKPI1Tb Bb rnaBHI1Sl Kopa6b Ha 18. X. 910 ro)J,., Ha )J,bn6o411Ha 1'1 0 M. nO,O,b

nbpBOHa4allH11Sl nO)J,b Ha UbpKBaTa. rpo6bTb Cb,O,bp>Kawe e)J,I1Hb CKeJleTb Ha Bb3paCTeHb 40Bi:.Kb Cb

rnaBara Ha 3ana,o,b. OcBi:.Hb roBa HaMi:.p11xa ce 17 6poH30BI1 ronyecw KOnYera (,o,11aMerbpb oKono 10

MM.), napye OTb C4yneHb CTbKJleHb C.li\.)J,b 11 nap4e OTb OJIOBHa nfi04a.

06f1KHOBeHH rpo6oBe Bb UeHTpa!lHaTa 4aCTb Ha UbpKBaTa 91

11. rpo6b, OT!<pVITb Ha 19. X. 910 ro,D,. Bb rnaBHVI51 !<Opa6b, Ha ,[l,bn004VIHa 1'10 M. nO,D,b

nbpBOHa4anHVI51 no,D,b Ha u,bpi<BaTa. Bb rpo6a e 6VInb norpe6aHb Bb3pacreHb 40B-5I<b Cb rnasara

Ha 3ana,D,b Bb AbC4eHb I<OBYerb, 4VIVITO 04epraHVI51 ce 3a6-En-53saxa Bb npbCTbTa. Ocs-5Hb ci<eneTa

HVII<ai<BVI ApyrVI np-5,D,MeTVI Bb T03VI rpo6b He ce HaM-EpV~xa.

12. rpo6b, OTI<PVITb Ha 28. X. 910 ro,D, Bb rnaBHVI511<0pa6b, Ha ,[l,bn604VIHa 1•10 M. nO,D,b nbpBO

Ha4anHVI51 nO,[J,b Ha U,bp!<BaTa. rpOObTb Cb,D,bp>H.awe ,[l,Ba CI<eneTa Cb rnaBVIT-5 Ha 3ana,D,b, nOCTaBeHVI VI

,[l,BaTa Bb 06W,b ,D,bpBeHb I<OB4erb, 4VI51TO cpOpMa Ce 04epTaBaWe 51CHO no Vl3rHVInVITi; ,[J,bCI<\1 Bb npbCTbTa.

KosyerbTb e 6VInb ,D,bnbrb 1'90, WVIpOIH.HVI51 ci<eneTb ce HaM-EpVI cpe6b

peHb npbCTeHb Cb YeTBbpTVITa nnoci<a xani<a (AVIaMeTbpb 20 MM.), Bbpxy

I<051TO e npV1I<p-5neHa YeTBbpTVITa nnoYI<a, yi<paceHa Cb Mani<VI ron

YeTa (o6p. 82); no cpi;,D,aTa Ha nnoYI<aTa e nooaseHo np03pa4HO

CTbi<no, nOAb I<oero e no,D,no>H.eHa H-EI<ai<Ba YepseHa MarepV151, 06p. 82. -- Cp26bpeHb npbc· reHb OTb rpo6a 12 (ecr. ron)

scn-EACTBVIe Ha I<oero VI caMOTo CTbi<no Vl3rne>H.,D,a YepseHo. Me>KAY

rnaBVIT-5 Ha cKeneTVIT-5 ce HaM-5pV1 pVIMCI<a 6poH30Ba MOHeTa OTb IV s-5I<b (AVIaMeTbpb 20 MM.), Cb

BbpweHo VI3TpV1Ta, a Vl3b npbCTbTa - e,D,HO 6poH30BO TOnYecro I<On4e (AVIMMeTbpb 11 MM.). MoHeTaTa

e nona,D,Hana s-5p051THO cnyYaHHO Bb rpo6a 3ae,D,HO Cb npbCTb OTb OI<OnHOCTbTa.

13-18. rpo6ose, OTI<pVITVI BCVI41<11 Ha 15. X. 910 ro,D,. Bb rnaBHVI51 !<Opa6b, Ha ,[l,bn004VIHa

85-95 eM. no,D,b nbpBOHaYanHVI51 nOAb Ha u,bpi<BaTa. Bc-EI<VI rpo6b CbAbp>H.awe caMo no e,D,VIHb

CI<eneTb Ha Bb3pacTeHb 40B-5I<b, norpe6aHb Cb rnaBaTa Ha 3ana,[J,b. npVI BHVIMaTenHOTO pa34VICT

BaHe Bb npbCTbTa 51CHO Ce 04epTaBawe cpopMaTa Ha ,D,bpBeHVIT-5 I<OB4e3VI, 4VIVITO ,[J,bCI<VI o6a4e 6i;xa

CbBbpweHo Vl3rHVInVI. Kos4e3VIT-5 npVI rnaBaTa CJK 6VInVI no-wVIpOI<VI (40-50 CM.), a I<bMb I<pai<ara

nocreneHHO CJK ce cr-EcH51BanVI, I<aTo AOCTVIraTb 30-35 CM. ,lJ,bn rt<VIHaTa VIMb e ot<ono 1·80 M. H-EI<OVI

OTb T-Exb oTcrpaHVI 6-Exa nowpa,D,eHVI no Cb e,D,VIHb pe,D,b p-54HVI I<aMbHVI 6e3b Ma3VIni<a. - Bb rpo6a

13 Ce HaM-5pV1 4aCTb OTb roni;Ma 6pOH30Ba o6i;u,a VI e,[l,HO 6pOH30BO TOn4eCTO I<On4e, VI3B.lKTpi; I<YXO

06p. 83. - Cpe6bpeHb npbCTeHb OTb rpo6a 17 (eo. ron.).

06p. 84. - Cpe6bpeHb npbcTeHb OTb rpo6a 19 (ecr. ron.).

(AVIaMeTbpb OI<ono 1 CM.). - Bb rpo6a 14 ce HaM-EpVIxa cn-EA

HVIT-5 npi;,D,MeTVI: cpe6bpHa MOHeTa (nVIaMeTbpb 18 MM.) OTb

cpbOCI<VI51 I<panb na3apb (1377-1389 ro,D,., Lj ubi c, Opis

jugoslavenskih novaca crp. 162 n. 7 VI ra6n. XI 13); 6poH30Ba

MOHeTa (AVIaMeTbpb 16 MM.), CbBC-5Mb VI3TpV1Ta; TpVI 6pOH30BVI

TOn4eCTVI I<On4eTa, VI3B.lKTpi; I<YXVI (AVIaMeTbpb OI<OnO 8 MM.);

napYeTa OTb i-BrHVIna MaTepV151, Me>KAY I<OVITO ce 3a6-En-53Ba

VI e,D,Ha neHTa, wVIpoi<a 2 eM., yi<paceHa Cb wapi<VI Bb BVIAb Ha

ocMoi<oHe4HVI 3B-53,D,VI. - Bb rpo6a 15 ce HaM-EpVIxa 4 6poH-

30BVI TOn4eCTVI I<On4eTa (AVIaMeTbpb OI<OnO 9 MM.) VI e,D,HO nap-

4e CVIHe CTbl<nO, si;p051THO OTb CTpoweHb CJK,[l,b. - fjb rpo6a

16 ce HaM-5pV1Xa 2 6pOH30BVI TOn4eCTVI I<On4eTa (AVIa MeTbpb 14

MM.) VI e,D,Ha ManKa ,D,06pi; 3ana3eHa 6pOH30Ba MOHeTa (AVIaMeTbpb

15 MM.) OTb Teo,D,OCVI I (379-385 ro,D,.; Cohen VIII 158, 30),

I<051TO CVIrypHo e nona,D,Hana Bb T03VI rpo6b 3ae,D,HO Cb OI<OnHaTa npbCTb OTb no-crapVI nnacrose.

- Bb rpo6a 17 ce HaM-5pV1 cpe6bpeHb npbCTeHb (AVIaMeTbpb 23 MM.), Bbpxy I<pJKrnoro nVIu,e Ha

I<OHTO e rpaBVIpaHb Ha,D,nVICb t HCYno:::>Hc (o6p. 83). Ha,D,nVICbTb, Bb I<OHTO H-EI<OVI OTb 6yi<BVIT-5 CJK

nocTaBeHVI Haonbi<VI, w,e ,D,a CbAbp>H.a co6cTBeHo VIMe, I<OeTo He MVI ce yAa,D,e ,D,a pa34eTa Cb nonO>H.VI

renHOCTb. - Bb rpo6a 18 ocs-EH'h I<OCTVI HVIW,O Apyro He ce yi<a3a.

19. rpo6b, OTI<pVITb Ha 27. X. 910 ro,D,. Bb rnaBHVI51 1<0pa6b, Ha ,[J,bn604V1Ha 01<0110 1 M.

nO,D,b HVIBOTO Ha U,bp!<BaTa. rpo6bTb Cb,ITbp>H.awe e,D,VIHb CI<eneTb Ha Bb3paCTeHb 40B-5l<b Cb rnaBaTa

92 HeKponOJJbTb Ha ubpKBoTa Cs Co<jJH51

Ha 3ananb. Ocst.Hb Tosa HaMt.pVIxa ce: cpe6bpeHb npbCTeHb (nVIaMeTbpb 21 MM.) Cb ront.Mn H<JlbTb

KaMbKb (o6p. 84); 2 6pOH30BVI TOn4eCTVI KOn4eTa (nVIaMeTbpb OKOJlO 9 MM.); 5 nap4eTa OTb TbHKa

6pOH30Ba JleHTa Cb nOnBVITVI Kpai::iw,a, st.p051THO 06JlVILI,OBKa Ha Ht.KaKbBb TbHbKb JleHTOnono6eHb

npt.nMeTb; 4eTBbpTV!Ta nbpBeHa VIKOHa, CbBbpWeHO V13rHVIJla, BVICOKa 4·3, WVIpOKa 3·6, ne6ena 0·8

eM. Ha enHaTa CTpaHa Ha VIKOHaTa ce 3a6t.nt.3BaTb o4epTaHVI51Ta Ha enHa qmrypa no no51ca (st.po-

51THO Cs. 6oroponVIua Cb Vlcyca XpVICTa Bb pJKut.Tt.), a Ha npyraTa

CTpaHa

20. rpo6b, OTKPVITb Ha 29. X. 910 ron. Bb rnasHVI51 Kopa6b,

Ha nbJJ604VIHa OKOJlO 1 M- nOnb nbpBOHa4aJlHVI51

nonb Ha U,bpKBaTa. rpo6bTb CbnbpH<aWe nsa CKeJleTa

Ha Bb3pacTHVI xopa Cb rnasVITt, Ha 3ananb,'T10rpe6aHVI

Bb nbpseHb KOB4efb. MaKapb cpopMaTa VI pa3Mi;

pV1Tt, Ha KOBYera na He ce oYepTasaxa 51CHO Bb

npbCTbTa, see naKb st.po51THO e, ye Toi::i e 6V1Ilb

06W,b VI 3a nBaTa Tpyna, KOVITO ce HaMVIpaTb CbBCt.Mb

6JJVI30 enVIHb no npyrb, KaKTO e 6VIJlb cnyYa51Tb VI

npVI rpo6a 12. Bb rpo6a ce yKa3axa napYeTa OTb

pa3HVI BVInOBe Vl3rHVIJla MaTepV151, OT4aCTVI Cb 3JlaTHVI

VI <:pe6bpHV1 HVIWKVI (o6p. 85 VI 86); 2 nap4eTa OTb

06p. 85. - 3naTOTb· V13rHVIJla KOH<a; roJJt.Ma H<eJJt.3Ha TOKa OTb KOH<eHb 06p. 86. - Cpe6polb

KaHa MaTepY151 Cb K3<jJ51BYI

wapKYI OTb rpo6a 20. K3H3 M3TepY151 OTb

rpo6a 20. n051Cb, llbJlra 5 CM.; 4 6pOH30BVI TOn4eCTVI KOn4eTa

(nVIaMeTbpb 9 MM.) VI enHO nonofiHO CbBCt.Mb MaJl·

KO KOn4e (nVIaMeTbpb 6 MM.); cyyneHa 6poH30Ba xanKa VI nst. nap4eTa

21-23. rpo6ose, OTKpVITVI Ha 22. XI. 910 ron. Bb rnaBHVI51 Kopa6b, no npt.MBepVIeTO, Ha

nbn6o4V1Ha OKOJlO 1 M. nonb nbpBuHa4aJlHVI51 nonb Ha u,bpKsaTa. VI TPVITt, rpo6a, KOVITO ce HaMVI

paTb CbBCt.Mb 6JJVI30 enVIHb nO npyrb, CbnbpH<aXa no enVIHb CKeJleTb Ha Bb3paCTeHb 40Bt.Kb Cb

rnasaTa Ha 3ananb. Bb Kpai:1HVI51 ( ct.sepHV151) rpo6b ce HaMt.pVI ocst.Hb To sa enHa MHoro VI3TpV1Ta VI

c4

yneHa Ha nst. cpe6bpHa cpt.nHest.KosHa iV!oHeTa (nVIaMeTbpb 19 MM.), K051TO no TVIna Vl3rne»<na na

6JKne 6bnrapcKa VIJlVI cpb6cKa. Cpt.nHVI51Tb rpo6b, ocst.Hb cKeneTa, He Cbnbpmawe HVIW,O npyro, a

Bb !OH<HVI51 ce HaMt.pVI enVIHb 6pOH30Bb npbCTeHb - XaJJKa Cb nVIaMeTbpb 20 MM., nst, 6pOH30BVI

yKpaCVI, BVICOKVI nO 2"5 CM., Bb BVInb Ha E:IVICOKVI KOn4eTa, no cpt.naTa npo6VITVI (o6p. 87), VI enHa 6pOH30Ba BVI3aHTVIi::iCKa MOHeTa (nVIaMeTbpb 28 MM.) OTb Vlsa-

Ha I UVIMVICXVI (969-976 ron.)· Ha nVIueTo Ha MOHeTa ce pa3no-

3HaBa 6!0CTbTb Ha Vlcyca XpVICTa, CVIJlHO VI3TPVITb. Ha onaKOTO

ce YeTe Bb YeTVIPVI pena : lhSYS XRISTYS bASILEY bASIL. Cp.

Sabatier II 142, 6 VI Ta6n. XLVIII 3; Wroth, Catal. of the

byzant. coins in the Brit. Mus. II 477, 11 VI Ta6n. LV 2.

24 rpo6b, OTKpVITb Ha 6. XI. 910 ron. Bb rnaBHVI51 Q6p. 87. - 6pOH30B3 yKpaca OTb

rpo6a 21 (eo ron). Kopa6b, Ha llbJl604VIHa 1·1 0 M. nonb nbpsoHa4aJlHVI51 nonb Ha

u,bpKsaTa. Bb rpo6a ce yKa3a cKeneTb Ha Bb3paCTeHb yost.Kb Cb rnasaTa Ha 3ananb, a TaKa CJKW,O

nap4eTa OTb V13rHVIJlO nbpBO VI rpy6VI H<eJlt.3HVI rB03neVI OTb KOB4era, Bb KOi::iTO e 6VIJl0 norpe6aHO

Tt.JlOTO, KaKTO VI 4aCTVI OTb V13rHVIJla MaTepV151 OTb o6nt.KJlOTO. 8bpXy CKeJleTa, OTb WVI51Ta nO KpaKaTa,

Ce HaMt.pVIXa, HapeneHVI Bb npasa JlVIHVI51, 34 6pOH30BVI TOn4eCTVI KOn4eTa (nVIaMeTbpb 12 MM.), VI3BJKTpt,

KYXVI. 0Tb Tt.XHOTO pa3nono»<eHVIe ce BVI»<na, Ye norpe6aHVI51Tb e 6V1Ilb o6nt.YeHb Bb nbnra no

KpaKaTa npexa, OTBopeHa oTnpt.nb no u,t,naTa CVI nbJJH<VIHa, At.To ce e 3aKonYasana Cb MHoro-

6poi::iHVI I<On4eTa, nO)J,06HO Ha )J,HeWHVITt, nbJlfVI aHTepVIVI.

06Ht<HOBeHI1 rpo6oae Bb crpaHHYHHSI t<opa6b 93

25. rpo6b, OTKpHTb Ha 6. XI. 910 fOil,. Bb rnaBHH51 KOpa6b, Ha IJ,bn604HHa OKano 1•1 0 M.

nOIJ,b nbpBOHa4aflHH51 nOIJ,b Ha l.l,bpKBara, 0'80 M. Ha IOfb OTb rpo6a 24. OcB-BHb pa3flO>HeHb CKe

nerb Ha Bb3paCTeHb 40B-BKb Cb maBara Ha 3ana.D,b, rpo6bTb eb.D,bp>Hawe ow,e nap4era orb H3fHHna

MarepH51 H D,bpBeHH 4aeTH OTb KOB4era, Bb KOiho e 6HnO norpe6aHO r-tnOTO. npH pa34HeTBaHe Ha

npbeTbTa ee HaM-tpHXa en-BIJ,HHT"B np-BD,MeTH : epe6bpeHb npbCTeHb (AHaMeTbpb 23 MM.), Bbpxy

Kp.'i'.fJlOTO nHLI,e Ha KOiho e rpaBHpaHb ebBe-tMb Heep.'i'.4HO eiJ,HOrnaBb openb eb OpHaMeHTH HaO

KOnO (o6p. 88); IJ,B-i; eYyneHH cpe6bpHH o61;l.I,H, yKpaeeHH eb qmnHrpaHOBa pa6ora, H IJ,B-i; ManKH r---'

cpe6bpHH xan4Hl.I,H (AHaMeTbpb 12 MM.).

26-27. rpo6oBe, OTI<pHTH Ha 2. XI. 910 roD,. Bb rnaBHH51 KOpa6b, Ha Abn604HHa OKOno

90 eM. nOIJ,b nbpBOHa4anHH51 nOIJ,b Ha l.l,bpKBaTa. rpo6oBer1; eb.D,bp>Haxa no e.D,HHb ebBe-BMb pa3nO

}!{eHb CKeneTb Ha Bb3paCTeHb 40B-BKb eb rnaBara Ha 3ana.D,b.

VI Bb ABara ee HaM-BpHxa caMo H3rHHnH AbpBeHH napYera Orb

KOB4e3HT-t , Bb KOHTO eJK 6HnH norpe6aHH rpynoBer-t.

28-29. rpo6oBe, OTI<pHTH Ha 30. X. 910 fOil,. Bb

rnaBHH51 KOpa6b, Ha D,bn604HHa OKano 90 eM. nOIJ,b nbpBOHa-

4anHH51 nOAb Ha U.bpKBara. VI ABara rpo6a ebAbp>Haxa no

. enHHb pa3nO}!{eHb eKenerb Ha Bb3pacreHb 40B-BKb, eb rnaBara

06p. 88. - Cpe6bpeHb npbCTeHb orb rpo6a 25 (ecr . ron .) .

Ha 3ana.D,b, norpe6aHb Bb AbpBeHb KOB4efb, OTb KOiho en-BAH 6-txa 3ana3eHH. rpo6oBer1; He Cb.D,bp

}!{aXa HHKaKBH ApyrH np-BAMeTH.

30. rpo6b, OTKpHTb Ha 26. XI. 910 roD,. Bb c-BBepo-3ana.D,HHSI .'i'.fbnb Ha n-BBJ.-151 CTpaHH4eHb

KOpa6b, Ha IJ,bn604HHa 60-80 eM. nOIJ,b nbpBOHa4anHH51 nOIJ,b Ha l.l,bpKBaTa. rpo6bTb eb.D,bp>HaWe

7-8 eKenera, 4HHTO KOeTH ce HaMHpaxa Bb ron-BMb 6e3nOp51D,bKb. 51BHO e, 4e T-B3H KOeTH eJK 6HnH

H3Ba.D,eHH orb Apyro M-BCTo H nocn-B 3apoBeHH ryKb. HHKaKBYI en-BAH OTb KOB4efb HnH ApyrH H-B

KaKBH np-BAMeTH He Ce HaM-BpHxa.

31-34. rpo6oBe, OTKPHTH Ha 27. XI. 910 rOD,. Bb 3ana.D,Hara 4aeTb Ha n-BBH51 CTpaHH4eHb KO

pa6b, Ha Abn604HHa OKOnO 80 CM. nOIJ,b nbpBOHa4anHH51 nOIJ,b Ha l.l,bpKBara. rpo6oBer1; C.'i'. 6HnH

0 6p. 89. - Cpe6bpeHb npbcreHb OTb rpo6a 35 (ecr. ron .).

0

pa3paB51HH no-paHo H KoerHr-B HMb pa36bpKaHH. CaMO Bb eAHHb

orb rtxb (33) ce HaM-BpHxa 17 6pOH30BH ronyeem KOnYera

(AHaMerbpb OKano 12 MM.) H e.D,HO no.D,o6Ho no-ron-BMo

(IJ,HaMeTbpb 15 MM.) KOn4e.

35. rpo6b, OTI<pHTb Ha 15. XI. 910 rOD,. Bb 3ana.D,Hara

yaeTb Ha n-BBJ.-151 CTpaHH4eHb KOpa6b, Ha D,bn604HHa OKOnO 80

eM. nOIJ,b nbpBOHa4anHH51 nOIJ,b Ha l.l,bpKBaTa. rpo6bTb eb.D,bp

>HaWe eKenerb Ha Bb3paCTeHb YoB-BKb eb rnaBara Ha 3ana.D,b.

Ha Hero ce HaM-BpH npbeTeHb orb He4HCTO epe6po, Bbpxy

Kp.'i'.rnOTO nHLI,e Ha KOHTO eJK rpaBHpaHH pa3HH OpHaMeHTH

(o6 p. _89).

0 6p. 90 - Cpe6bpeHb npbcTeHb orb rpo6a 39 (ecr. ron.).

36. rpo6b, OTKPHTb Ha 17. XI. 910 fOil,. Bb 3ana.D,Hara

yaerb Ha n-BBH51 erpaHH4eHb Kopa6b, Ha Abn6o4HHa OKano 80

eM . nOAb nbpBOHa4anHH51 nOAb Ha U.bpKBara. Bb rpo6a, oeB-BHb CKenerb eb rnaBara Ha 3ana.D,b,

ee yKa3a ow,e e.D,Ha epe6bpHa o6-Bu.a Bb BHAb Ha xanKa, no cp-BAara ManKo HaAe6eneHa (AHa-

Merbpb 16 MM.) H e.D,Ha crpoweHa >Hen-B3Ha xanKa.

37. rpo6b, OTI<pHTb Ha 30. XI. 910 roD,. Bb n-BBH51 erpaH~4eHb KOpa6b, Ha Abn604HHa OKOno

80 CM. nOIJ,b nbpBOHa4anHH 51 nOIJ,b Ha U.bpKBaTa. 8b rpo6a, oeB-BHb eKeneTb Ha Bb3pacreHb 40B-BKb

94 HeKpononbTb Ha ubpKsaTa Cs. Co¢f151

Cb maBaTa Ha 3anaAb, ce HaM'5pH spe6bpHa MOHeTa (nHaMeTbpb 18 MM.), CbBbpWeHHO H3TpHTa,

s'5po51THO cpb6cKa OTb Cre¢aHb )J,ywaHa.

38. lpo6b, orKpHTb Ha 27. XI. 910 roA. AO ct.sepHara crt.Ha Ha 11'5BH51 crpaHwleHb Kopa6b,

Ha Ab11004HHa 01<0110 80 CM. nOAb nbpBOHa4a11HI151 nOAb Ha Ubp!<BaTa. lpOObTb CbAbp>KaWe eAHHb c1<e11eTb Ha Bb3pacreHb 40B'5Kb Cb masara Ha

3anaub. Bbpxy c1<e11era ce HaMt.pHxa 7 6poH30BH

ronl.JeCTH Kon~..Jera (nHaMeTbpb o1<0110 10 MM.), rp11

OTb I<OHTO ce !<p'5n'5xa ow,e Ha TbHI<a I<OnpHHeHa

M·arep!-151. C11'5AH OTb KOBI..Jefb He ce yKa3axa.

39. lpo6b, orKpHTb Ha 26. XI. 910 ron. no

ct.sepHara crt.Ha Ha 11'5BH51 crpaHHI..JeHb Kopa6b,

Ha Ab11004HHa 01<0110 80 CM. nOAb nbpBOHal.Ja11HYI51

nOAb Ha ubpKsara. Bb rpo6a ce yKa3a c1<e11eTb

Ha Bb3pacreHb 40B'5Kb Cb rnasara Ha 3anaAb, npH

06p. 91. - Cpe6bpHa o6ioua OTb rpo6a 41 (eCT. ron.).

06p. 92. - Cpe6bpeHb KO~To ce HaMt.pH cpe6bpeHb npbcTeHb (AHaMe

eMaiinf1paHb npbCTeHb Tbpb 19 MM.) Cb 1<pl11.f110 n110CI<0 11HLJ,e, BbpXy

OTb rpo6a 42 (eCT. ron.). Koero e rpasHpaHb AOCTa rpy6o ope11b (o6p. 90).

tlO. lpo6b, orKpHTb Ha 8. X. 910 roA. Bb 11'5BH51 crpaHHI..JeHb Kopa6b np'5Ab sropara apKa,

Ha Ab11004HHa 1·20 M. nOAb nbpBOHa4a11HYI51 nOAb Ha Ll,bp!<BaTa. lpo6bTb CbAbp>Kawe eAHHb Cl<e11eTb

Ha Bb3pacreHb 40B'5Kb Cb masara Ha 3ananb, l.JHHTO KOCTH 6t.xa orl.JaCTH pa3M'5creHH. Bb rpo6a

ce y~<a3axa caMO ABt. 6poH30BH ronl.JeCTH KOnl.Jera, H3Bl11.Tp1> KYXH, 11 nap4era OTb H3rHH110 AbpBo,

st.po51THO orb KOBI..Jera Ha norpe6aHH51.

41. lpo6b, omp!Hb Ha 4. X. 910 roA. Bb 111>BH51 crpaHH4eHb Kopa6b no caMara MY cl.>sepHa

crl.>Ha, Ha Ab11004HHa 90 eM. noAb nbpBoHa4a11HH51 nOAb Ha ubpKsara. Bb rpo6a ce HaM'5pvtxa KOCTH

OTb CKe11eTb Ha Bb3pacTeHb l.JOBl.>l<b,

norpe6aHb Cb masara Ha 3anaAb, 11

caMo enHa ro11t.Ma cpe6bpHa o61>ua,

HanpaBeHa OTb OTBOpeHa xa111<a (AHa

MeTbpb 40 MM.), Ha K051TO e nocra

seHo npOAb11rosaro osa11HO yKpawe

HHe ( o6p. 91 ).

06p. 93 - KbceHb rpo6b Ha ciosepb Olb Cs. Co¢f151.

42. lpo6b, ompHTb Ha 4. X.

910 fOA. Bb 11'5BH51 CTpaHHI..JeHb 1<0-

paob, Ha Ab11004HHa 01<0110 90 CM.

nOAb nbpBOHa4a11HH51 nOAb Ha Ll,bpi<

BaTa. lpo6bTb CbAbp>Kawe enHHb

c1<e11eTb Ha Bb3pacreHb l.JOBl.>Kb, no-

110>KeHb Cb masara Ha 3anaAb.

Ocsl.>Hb rosa HaMl.>pHxa ce: nap4era

OTb H3fHH11a rpy6a 11eHeHa Marepl-151;

10 6pOH30BH TOnl.JeCTH !<Onl.JeTa, H3-

Bl11.Tpl.> I<YXH (AHaMeTbpb 01<0110 10 MM.); cpe6bpeHb npbCTeHb (nHaMeTbpb 23 MM.), l.JHeTO n110CI<O npOAb!lfOBaTO 11HLJ,e e yKpaCeHO Cb

TBbpA'f, xyoaBH rpaBHpaHH OpHaMeHTI-1 (o6p. 92), HHKpyCTHpaHH OTI..JaCTI-1 Cb 4epb eMa~11b (H11e110).

C11'5AH orb KOBI..Jefb He ce HaMl.>pHxa.

06Ht<HOBeHH rpo6ose BbHb OTb Ubpt<BaTa 95

43. lpo6h, o r Kpvtrh Ha 4. X. 910 rag. Bh d;sepo-vt3TOY'I-Ivt51 JHbJlb Ha nt.Bvt51 CTpaHvtYeHb KO

pa6b, Ha gbn6o4vtHa OKOJlO 80 eM. nogh nhpBOHaYaJlHI-151 nogb Ha U.bpKBaTa. Bh rpo6a, Cb Hanpa

sneHvte OTb Y13T0Kb KbMb 3anagb, ce HaMi:.pvtxa pa3XBbpll51HY1 Bb 6e3pegvte KOCTI-1 , OTgi:.TO Ce BYI>t<,[l,a ,

ye TOH se·1e e 6vtnb pa3p11BaHb no-paHo. Bb npbCTbTa ce HaMt.pl-1 ChBbpweHo 113Tp11Ta 6poH30Ba

MOHeTa (AvtaMeTbpb 16 MM ) , 110 K051TO HY1W,O He Ce n03HaBa.

44 - 56. Ha 10 vt 11. VIII. 910 roA. npvt ct.sepo-vt3T04Hvt51 JHbllb Ha U.bpKBaTa ce HanpaBvt egi-1Hb

cOHAa>Hb Bh cpopMa Ha TP>ii'!'.rhnHvtKb, CTpaHvtTt. Ha KOHTO Mt.pt.xa 20, 23 1-1 16 M. Ha TOBa Mt.CTo, •

06p. 94. - Cpe6bpHa o6-tua OTb Cs. Co<j>Hil

(ecT. ron.).

Ha AbJ1604vtHa 30-80 CM ., 6t.xa OTKPY1TY1

13 KbCHvt rpo6a, sct.KI-1 OTb KOvtTO Cbgbp

>t<awe caMo no eAvtHb cKeneTh, Cb rna

BaTa Ha 3ana,[l,b (rn . o 6 p. 93). np11 HtKOI-1

OTb rpo6oseTt. Mo>t<axa ga ce KOHCTaTvt

paTb CJ1-5Avt OTb ,[J,bpBeHvt KOB4e311 , a np11

Apyrvt - He. CaMo ABa OTb rpo6osert.

6t.xa o6rpageHvt Cb cna6b cyxb 3vtgb OTb

napYeTa Tyxnvt 1-1 KaMbHvt.

0 06p. 95. - 6pO H30Bb npbCTeHb OTb

Cs. Co<j>Hil (eCT. r on .).

Bb egvtHb OTb rpo6osert. ce HaMt.pvt cpe6bpHa xanKa-o6t.u.a (AY1aMeThpb 25 MM.), >t<ent.3Ha

TOKa OTb 11051Cb Cb gsa WY1na (gbnra 5 CM.) Y1 napYeTa OTb rpy6a JleHeHa MaTepvt51 Cb CY1Hb Y1 3e

JleHb u.st.Tb. CKeneTbTh Bb gpyrh egvtHb rp~6b vtMawe Ha nt.BaTa cvt pi'!'.Ka ABt. OTB::>peHvt 6poH-

303:.1 rpvtBHVI , OTb KOY1TO e,[l,HaTa, Cb gvtaMeTbpb 5'5 CM., e HanpaBeHa OTb CnvtpallHO YBHTb TeJlb , a

ApyraTa , Cb gvtaMeThpb 4·8 CM. , vtMa MacvtBHO Koneno . Ha gecHaTa pi'!'.Ka Ha Ci'!'.W,vt51 cKeneTh ce Ha

Mvtpawe 3aTBopeHa rpvtBH51 OTb 3eneHo CTbKJlO Cb nnocKo Koneno (gvtaMeTbpb 6·3 eM.). Bh TpeTvt

rpo6b ce HaM-tpl-1 o6t.u.a OTb HeYvtCTO cpe6po Bb cpopMa Ha OTBopeHa xanKa (gvtaMeThpb 25 MM).

Cb YeTBbpTvtTa y~<paca Ha He51 (o6p. 94). Bb yeTBbpTvt rpo6b ce HaMt.pvt 6pOH30Bb npbCTeHb (Avta

MeThpb 23 MM .) Cb llJlOCKO JlvtU.e, Ha KOeTO Ci'!'. rpaBvtpaHvt llpOCTVI JlvtHeHHVI OpHaMeHTVI (o6p. 95).

Ha!::i-nocn~ Bb eAvtHb OTb rpo6oBeT-t ce yKa3a 6poH30Ba OKaYanKa 3a KaHgvtno

Cb Tpvt KyKvt, gbJlra 113U.~J10 15 CM. ( o6p. 96). Bt.p051THO e, Ye Ta3H OK a YaJlKa

He npvtHagne>t<H KbMh norpe6eHvteTo, a ce e HaMvtpana Bb OKOJlHaTa 3eM51 vt

npvt pa3KOnKaTa ce e BMbKHana Bb npbCTbTa Ha rpo6a . CaMo Bb egi-1Hb OTb

rpo6oser~ ce HaMi:.pvt e,[l,Ha TBbpA~ MHOrO 113TpvtTa BH3aHTHHCKa 6pOH30Ba MO

HeTa (AvtaMeTbpb 22 MM.), KaKTO 113rJle>t<ga OTb f\HgpOHvtKa I<OMHeHb

(1222- 1235 rog.). Bb oCTaHaJlvtrt. cegeMb rpo6a He ce yKa3axa HHKaKBH OT

gt.nHvt np~gMeTI-1.

57. lpo6 h , OTKpHTb Ha 16. VIII. 910 rag. npvt

U.bpt-:BaTa, Ha gbJ1604vtHa 15 CM . nogb HHBOTO

Ha nnow,aga. B h rpo6a ce yKa3a cKeneTb Ha

Bb3paCTeHb YoBi:.Kb, norpe6aHh Cb rnaBaTa

Ha 3ana,[l,b. Orb gpexvtTt. cnt.gvt He 6t.xa 3a-

10f0-Y13T04HVI51 J!'. fbJlb Ha

0 0 6 p. 96. _ 6poH3osa na3eHvt , o6aYe HaM'bpvtx a ce 17 Kyxvt Ton

ot<aYant<a OTb Cs. Co- YeCTVI 6pOH30B VI KOI14eTa (gHaMeTbpb OKOJlO 06p. 97. - .. Cpe6bpeHb npbcTeHb

oTb rpo6a 57 (eCT. ron.). <j>Hil {1 ~ CCT r on .). 1 CM.) Ch ManKH xanYvtLJ.vt. Ha AecHaTa pi'!'.Ka Ha

CKeneTa Ce HaMi:.pvt npbCTeHb OTb HeYvtCTO cpe6po Cb ,[l,vtaMeTbpb 22 MM. Bbpxy Kpi'!'.rllOTO JlHU.e Ha

npbcTeHa e rpaBvtpaHb CbBCi:.Mb rpy6o gsyrnaBh openb (o6p . 97).

58. lpo6h, OTKpHTh Ha 14. VIII. 910 rog. npvt JOrO-H3T04H vt 51 i'!'.rhnb Ha U.bpKBaTa, Ha AbJ16o-

4vtHa 20 eM. nogb HvtBOTO Ha nnow,aga . Bh rpo6a ce yKa3a eAvtHh CKeneTb Ha Bb3pacTeHb YOBi:.Kb,

norpe6aHb Cb rnasaTa Ha 3ana,[J,h. Ha nt.BaTa pi'!'.Ka Ha CKenera ce HaMHpawe OTBopeHa 6poH30Ba

rpvtBH51 Cb AvtaMeThpb 5·5 CM ., YHeTO nnocKo Konen o e yKpaceHo Ch rpy6vt yp-53vt. CntgH OTb KOB

Yerh He MO>t<axa ga ce KOHCTaTvtpaTb .

96 HeKpononbTb Ha ubpKsara Cs. Co<jmSI

4. OrntnHI-1 nptnMeTI-1

Ocsi:;Hb npi:;AMenni:;, HaMi:;peHI1 Bb pa3HI1Ti:; 1po6HI1U,H 11 1po6ose, np11 pa3f<Onf<I1Ti:; Ha HeKpo

nona ce HaMi:;p11xa 11 APYII1 , KOI1TO 111111 cny'-lai:!Ho CJK 6111111 1131y6eH1-1 TYKb, 111111 - f<OeTO 3a 6on

WI1HCTBOTO e no-si:;p05lTHO - np0113XO»<AaTb OTb pa3pyweHI1 no-paHo 1po6ose. ETO 3aw,o Ti:;311

npi:;AMeTI1 CJKW,O He CJK 6e3b 3Ha'-!eHHe 3a CaMI15l HeKpOnOJlb.

MoHeTI1

no f<OJ111'-IeCTBO nbpBO Mi:;CTO 3aeMaTb MOHeTI1Ti:;, OTb f<OI1TO 6i:;xa HaMi:;peHYt BCI1'-If<O 83 ef<-

3eMn!151pa. nose'-leTO OTb Ti:;Xb (68 eK3eMn!15lpa) Ci'r' Ma!1f<l1 6pOH30~ MOHeTH (A11aMeTbpb 14-18 MM.)

OTb '-leTBbpT115l, OT'-!aCTI1 OTb TpeTI15l si:;Kb en. Xp. OTb HaH·HI1tf<a 3a spi:;MeTO c11 CTOHHOCTb. Ti:; ce

cpi:;w,axa Hasci:;KJKAi:; 11 3b npbCTbTa OTBbHb 11 BlKTpi:; Bb UbpKBaTa 11 TO Kaf<TO Bb HaH-10pH11Ti:; nnaC

TOBe, TaKa 11 Ha Ab!160'-!11Ha AO 4 M. no BCI1'-IKO !111'-leWe, '-le Ti:; CJK 6111111 npi:;o_6pbW,aH11 3aeAHO Cb

npbCTbTa, nO K05lTO np11411Ha 113!111WHO w,e 6JKAe Aa OT6i:;ni:;3BaMe TO'-IHOTO Mi:;CTOHaXO>KAeHYte Ha BCi:;Ka

eAHa OTb Ti:;Xb. no-roni:;M aT a '-laCTb OTb Ti:;311 M a!1KH MOHeTI1 ( 40 eK3eM n!15l pa) CJK TOJ1 f<03b Yt3Tp11TI1,

Ai:;To He e Bb3MO>KHO Aa Ce onpi:;Ai:;!111 TO'-!HO, Bb spi:;MeTO Ha KOH 11MnepaTOpb CJK 6111111 ci:; '-! eHI1.

np11 see TOBa no Tl1nb, Ae6e!111Ha 11 APYII1 xapaKTepH11 6i:;ni:;311 MO»<e Aa ce Ka>Ke Cb nOJ10>1<11TeJl

HOCTb 11 3a Ti:;Xb, '-le Ti:; np11HaA!1e>KaTb Ci'r'W,O Ha '-leTBbpT115l Bi:;f<b, Cb 113KJ110'-!eHI1e CaMO Ha eAHa,

K05lTO 113rne»<Aa Aa 6JKAe ow,e OTb TpeTI151 BEKb. 0cTaHa!111TE 28 eK3eMn!151pa ce pa3npi:;Ai:;!15lTb no

11MnepaTOp11 f<af<TO C!1EABa:

KnaBAI1 II (268-270 roA.) : 1 eK3eMn!151pb (Cohen IV 134, 41).

K o H c T a H u, 11 I Xnopb (293-306 roA.) : 1 eK3eMn!15lpb (Cohen VII 72, 158).

n 11 U,l1 H 11 (308-324 roA.) : 1 eK3eMn!15lpb (Cohen VII 199, 107.)

K o H c T a H T 11 H b Ben 11 K 11 (306-337 lOA.) : 2 nowo 3ana3eHI1 eK3eMn!151pa.

KoHCTaHTI1Hb II (337-340 lOA.): 3 eK3eMn!151pa (eAI1H115lTb Cohen VII 337, 114, a APY

ri1Tt ABa JlOWO 3ana3eHH).

KoHcTaHCb (337-350 rOA.): 1 eK3eMn!15lpb (Cohen VII 431 , 176).

KoHCTaHU,11 II (337-361 lOA.) : 4 eK3eMn!15lpa (Cohen VII 446, 44 ; 447, 45; (755, 104 11

eA11Hb nowo 3ana3eHb).

10 n 11 a Hb II (361-363 lOA.) : 2 eK3eMnn5lpa (11 ABaTa Cohen VIII 62, 151).

B a 11 e H T 11 H 11 a H b I (364-375 roA.) : 2 eK3eMn!15lpa (eAI1HI15lTb Cohen VIII 92, 37, a APY1115lTb

nowo 3ana3eHb).

B a 11 e H c b (364- 378 roA.): 2 cna6o 3ana3eHI1 eK3eMn!15lpa.

BaneHT11HI1aHb II (375-392 lOA.) : 2 eK3eMnn5lpa (eA11HI15lTb Cohen Vlll143, 30).

Teo A o c 11 I (379-395 lOA.): 4 eK3eMnn 5l pa (Cohen VIII 159, 41 ; 162, 65 11 ABa nowo 3ana3eH11).

f\pKaAI1 (395-408 lOA.) : 4 eK3eMnn 5l pa (ABaTa Sabatier I 106, 41, a APYI11T-E ABa nowo

3ana3eH11.)

Bb cpasHeHI1e Cb MoHeT11T-E OTb '-! eTBbpT115l BEKb, nO-KbCHI1 MOHeTI1 ce HaM-Ep11xa Heo611KHO

seHo Ma!1f<O, a 11MeHHO 16 eK3eMn!15lpa, BCI1 '-I f<H 6pOH30BI1, OTb f<011TO 3 Bl13aHTI1HCf<l1, 1 si:;p05lTHO

6bnrapCKa, 8 TypcKI1 11 4 CbBCi:;Mb pa3saneHY1. 0Tb Bl13aHTI1HCf<11TE MOHeTI1 eAHaTa (A11aMeTbpb 15

MM.), K05lTO e CbBCEMb 113Tp11Ta, 61; HaMi:;peHa Bb npbCTbTa Ha c-EBepb OTb u,bpKBaTa. ,Upy111Ti:; AB-E

(A11aMeTbpb 29 11 30 MM.) CJK eAHaKBH, OTb J1BaHa lJ,11MI1CXI1 (969-976 lOA.) HJ1H OTb HMnepaTp11u,a

TeoAopa (1 055-6 lOA.). »<eHaTa Ha KoHcTaHTI1Ha Vlll. 1) EAHaTa OTb TEXb 6-E HaMi:;peHa Bb Hac11na Ha

') Yl nsi;ri; MOHeni c~ OTbTHna Sabat i er II 143. 9, Ko iho ce npHnHcsa Ha HsaHa UHMHCXH. Wroth (Catal. of the imperial byzantin coins in the Br it. Mus., London

19J8, II 507 11 ra6n . LX 6) omasa c~WHSI T03H THnb Ha

Teonopa .

97

anCVIAaTa, Ha AbJlOOLJVIHa 2 M., a Apyrara CbBCtMb Ha nJlVITKO Bb ctsepHOTO CTpaHVILJHO OTAtJ1eHVIe

Ha nptMBepVIeTO, HaAb CBOAa Ha rpo6HVILJ,ara XXVI.

Orb rypcKVITt MOHeTVI 6 6txa HaMtpeHVI Bb npbCTbTa Ha ctsepb OTb Ll,bpKBara, eAHa Bb

ntBVI51 CTpaHVILJeHb Kopa6b VI eAHa Bb KbCHVI51 HaCVInb Ha nptMBepVIero. MoHerara, K051TO npVI!lVILJa

Ha 6bnrapcKa, ce HaMtpVI Bb ctsepHOTO

CTpaHVILJHO OTAtneHVIe Ha nptAABepVIeTO,

Ha ctsepb orb rpo6HVILJ,ara XXVI.

n p t A M e T VI 0 T b K a M b K b, M e -

T a J1 b VI A p. . .. _,

1. Ha 13. VIII. 910 roA. ce• O.J_KpVI,

55 CM. Ha VI3TOKb OTb rpo6HVILJ,ara XXXIII

VI 70 CM. nOAb HVIBOTO Ha, nnOl..LI,aAa, eAHa

'<aMeHHa nnol..LI,aAKa, ·Abnra 2·55 VI WVIpoKa

2·40 M., HanpaBeHa OTb rontMH AtnaHVI

6noKoBe (rn. nnaHa Ha ra6n. IX npVI S).

npVI o6pbl..LI,aHero Ha OJlOKOBert ce yKa3a,

Ye Me>KAY rlXb 6t BrpaAeHb VI eAVIHb

pVIMCKVI HaArpo6eHb naMeTHVIKb, nOCTa

BeHb Cb HaAnVICa HaAOJlt {96p. 98). na

MeTHVIKbTb, AOJ1H51Ta LJaCrb Ha KOHTO nVIn

csa, e BVICOKb Cera 1"31, WVIpOKb 0·80 VI

Ae6enb 0·29 M. Ha ropHVISI CVI KpaH roH

3aBbpWBa Cb nonyKp~rbJlb cppOHTOHb Bbp·

xy rpVIAtneHb apxVIrpaBb, KOHTO ce KptnVI

BbpXy ABt KOpVIHTCKVI KOJlOHVI Cb CVIJlHO

3aocrpeHVI aKaHTOBVI JlVICTa Bb KanVIrenVIrt.

OrcrpaHVI Ha cppoHTOHa ce HaMVIparb ABa

aKporepa, yKpaceHVI Cb rpVI!lVICTHVI nanMer

KVI, a Bb nonero MY c~ VI3Ba51HVI 6tOcro

Bert Ha eAVIHb M~}f{b VI Ha eAHa }f{eHa,

Me}f{AY KOVITO Ce VI3AVIra WVIpOKOJlVICTHO

AbpBO Cb KpVIBO CTbOJlO (CMOKVIH51 ?). BA!1~6- 06p. 98. - PHMCI<H Hanrpo6eHb naMeTHHI<b OTb Cs. CocjJHSI.

HaTOTO none Ha HaAnVICa Me}f{AY KOJlO-

HVITt e o6rpaAeHo Cb npocpVInyBaHa paMKa. HaAb HaAnVIca, OrYacm Bbpxy paMKara, e nptACTa

BeHb KOHHVIKb HaAeCHo. ToH e o6ntLJeHb cb K~ca Apexa VI MaHTVI51 (xnaMVIAa), K051TO ce pa3BtBa

3aAb Hero. Ha rnasara CVI Vl3rne}f{Aa Aa VIMa ocrpOAbHHa wanKa. Bb AVIrHarara CVI AeCHa p~Ka

pa3Maxsa KaMWVIKb, a Cb ntsara Abp}f{VI 103Aara Ha KOH51. (aMVI51Tb HaAnVICb rnacVI:

Cs. Co<j>H•

D·M

M · A VRELIVSTE

RES · VETERANVS

EXALA · PRIMA - AS

5 TRORVM · NATIO

NE · BESSVS · MILl

NIS XXVIII

D(is) M(anibus).

M(arcus) f\urelius Te

res veteranus

ex ala prima f\s-

5 trorum, natio-

ne Bessus, mili

[tavit an]nis XXVIII

13

98 Het<pononbTb Ha ubpt<BaTa Cs. Cocjm~t

K.aKro ce BI-1»<Aa OTb T03J.1 HaAni-1Cb, naMeTHJ.1KbTb e 61-1nb nocraseHb Ha H-EKofi c~--1 MapKb

f\spen~--1 Tepecb, no pO»<AeHJ.1e rpaKI-1eLJ,b OTb nneMero 6ec1-1. V1Mero Tepecb e rpaKJ.1HCKO 1-1 e 1-13-

s-EcrHo, OCB-EHb OTb H-EKOI-1 HaAnl-1CJ.1, 1) 1-1 KaTO !-1Me Ha H-EKOnKO rpaKJ.1HCKJ.1 BnaA-ETen!-1.

f\spen1-1 Tepecb e cny»<Hnb 28 rOAHHI-1 Karo sof1Hl-1Kb Bb eAHO KaBanepHfiCKO OTA-EneHHe

06p. 99. - Mp~tMOpHa nnoYa Cb HannHCb

oTb CEJ. Co¢H~t.

(ala), YHero HMe Bb HaAnl-1ca norp-EwHo e Han!-1caHo f\stro

rum (raKOBa nneMe He e J.13B-EcrHo) BM-Ecro f\sturum. Ta3!-1

ana e np1-1HaAne»<ana Bb HaYanoro Ha nbpBoro cron-Er1-1e

KbMb rapH1-130Ha Ha AOnH51 Ml-131-151 , a ornocnt, e 61-1na s-E

po51THO np-EM-EcreHa Bb )J,aK!-151, ~) A-Ero rp-E6sa Aa e np-E

Ka panb CB051Ta cny»<6a J.1 Ha Wl-151Tb BeTepaHb. K.OHHI-1KbTb

HaAb HaAnHca !-13o6pa351Ba s-Epo51THO caM!-151 Tepecb.

06aYe 610CTOBen Bb cppOHTOHa H-EMaTb Hl-1W,O o6w,o Cb

HaAnHca 1-1 r-E elf.. nocraBeHI-1 raMb npocro Karo AeKopau,!-151.

no cpOpMaTa Ha 6yKBJ.1Tt, J.1 nO CT!-1na Ha pen1-1ecp1-1Tt, T031-1

naMeTHI-1Kb w,e rp-E6sa Aa ce AaT1-1pa Bb Kpa51 Ha BTOp!-151

s-EKn en. Xp.

3a KaKBO e 61-1na np-EAHa3HaYeHa nnow.aAKara, Bb

K051TO e 61-1nb srpaAeHb Karo crpo1-1reneHb Marep1-1anb na

MeTHI-1KbTb Ha f\spen1-1 Tepecb, He MO»<e Aa ce Ka»<e Cb

nono»<HrenHOCTb. T51 np1-1n1-1Ya TBbpAt, MHoro Ha cpyHAaMeHTb

3a H-EKaKbBb no-ron-EMb naMeTH!-1Kb 1-1n1-1 3a capKocparb.

Ha BC-EK!-1 cnyya~ T51 e 61-1na npaBeHa He no-paHO OTb YeTBbpT!-151 B-EKb, TbH KaTO nOAb He51 Ce

HaM-Ep1-1Xa 3 ManK!-1 6pOH30Bl-1 MOHeTI-1 OTb TOBa Bp-EMe, CbBbpWeHO l-13Tp1-1TJ.1.

2. )J,st, yacr~--1 OTb crpoweHa nnoYa orb 6-Enb eAp03bpHeCTb Mp51MOpb, HaM-EpeHI-1 Ha 30. VII.

910 rOA. Bb npbCTbTa Ha cl;sepHOTO CTpaHI-14HO OTA-EneHHe Ha np-EA.ABep!-1eTO (o6p. 99). nnoYaTa,

41-151TO AeCHa nonOBI-1Ha e OTYyneHa, e BJ.1COKa 22, W1-1pOKa 20 1-1

n.e6ena OKono 4 CM. TSI HOCI-1 rpbU,Kl-1 HaAnHCb, OTb KOHTO Clf..

3ana3eHJ.1 caMo 6yKB!-1T-E ME. . . NONN . . . t:.IACON . . . Bt,

p051THO 1-1 Ta3!-1 nnoYa e cny»<Hna 3a HaArpo6eHb KaMbKb .

3. ct:>parMeHTb OTb nnoYa OTb BapOBHI-1Kb, Bl-1COKb 4·5,

W1-1pOKb 11·5, Ae6enb 5 CM., HaM-EpeHb Ha 9. VIII. 910 rDA. Bb

anCHAaTa Ha U,bpKBaTa, CbBC-EMb nnl-1TKO HaAb rpo6Hl-1LJ,aTa I.

Bbpxy cpparMeHra CJK ce 3ana3!-1nl-1 Yer1-1p1-1 6yKBI-1 OTb rpbli,KI-1

HaAnl-1Cb ... H0EN ...

~ 4. Cpe6bpeHb npbcTeHb (AHaMerbpb 22 MM.), yKpaceHb

OTropt, Cb KaMbKb OTb npo3pa4HO CTbKnO, XBaHaTb Cb YeT!-1p1-1 nna

CTI-1HKI-1 (o6p. 100). HaoKono ManK!-1 ronYera. U-Enara yKpaca Ha

npbCTeHa e 1-13pa6oreHa OTA-EnHo 1-1 nocnt, 3an-EneHa Bbpxy

o61-1KHOBeHa nnocKa xanKa. HaM-EpeHb Ha 2. IX. 910 roA. np-EAb

rnaBHaTa spara Ha Cs. Cocpl-151, Me»<AY 31-1AOBer-E.

06p. 100. - Cpe6bpeHb npbcTeHb OTb Cs. Co<PH~t (eCT. ron .).

0 06p. 101. - 6pOH30Bb npbCTeHb OTb

Cs. Co¢1151 (eCT. ron.).

5. Cpe6bpeHb npbCTeHb (A1-1aMeTbpb 21 MM.) Cb KpJKrno nnocKo n1-1u,e, Bbpxy Koero elf.. rpa

B1-1paHJ.1 npocr~--1 opHaMeHTI-1. HaM-EpeHb Ha 13. VIII. 910 roA. Ha c-Esepb OTb u,bpKBaTa np~--1 rpo6o-

Berl 44-56, J.13b eA!-1Hb OTb KOI-1TO MO»<e 61-1 J.1 np01-13XO»<Aa.

1) To ce cpi;wa 5 n/i\TH Bb roni;MH5t HannHCb OTb

'-lat<apnapb - Pizos : Kalinka, F\ntike Denkmale r in Bulgarien n . 34. ln. ocsi;Hb TOBa K a I ink a n. 161 OTb

CT.-3aropa H n. 214 OTb PHna; Dumont·Homolle, M e

langes d'archeologie crp. 353 n. 61" OTb Cr.-3aropa; 1--13-

si;crH5t Ha 6bnr. apxeon. npy»<. II. 1911 , 270 OTb KyHHHO

(BpaTYaHCKO). ~) lll. 6 . CIJHilOBb, noMOWHHTi; BOHCKH Ha pHMCKaTa

npOBHHUHS! MH3H5t, Bb Y13si;cTH5t Ha HCTOp. npy»<. II, 1906. 21 CJT.

M aTepHaJlb H cpop Ma Ha ca pKocpa3m -t 99

6. Cpe6bpeHb npbCTeHb (A11aMerbpb 20 MM.) Cb !<p.¥.rno nnoc1<o nm.1,e 6e3b H11Kat<BI1 opHa

MeHTI1. HaM-BpeHb Ha 12. VIII. 910 ro,IJ.. Ha c.¥.w,oro M-Bcro.

7. 6pOH30Bb npbCTeHb (A11aMeTbpb 23 MM.) Cb t<p.¥.rnO nllOCI<O Jl11L.J,e , 13bpXy KOeTO e rpaBI1-

paHa nr11u.a (openb?); HaoKono Kp.¥.rb OTb TOYKI1 (o6p. 101). HaM-BpeHb Ha 7. VIII. 910 ro,IJ. . 6n1130

np11 rpo6HI1L.J,aTa XXVIII.

8. LJer11p11 Cpe6bpH11 11 ,IJ.Bt, 6pOH30BI1 XaJ11<11 Cb ,IJ.I1aMeTbpb 12-28 MM., st.postTHO npbCTeHI1.

HaM-BpeHI1 BCI1YKI1 113b npbCTbTa Ha ct.sepb orb Cs. Co¢11st .

9. OrsopeHa xanKa (A11aMeTbpb 33 MM.) OTb TbHKa 6poH30Ba

reHeK11st Cb ManKo H<en-B3HO rso3Aei1Ye. HaM-BpeHa Ha 12. VIII. 910 roA.

Ha C.¥.W,OTO Mt.CTO.

10. 6pOH30Ba nnaCTI1HKa-anJ111Kal.I,I1SI , ,IJ.bJlra 33 MM., HaMt.peHa

Ha 31. VII. 910 ro,IJ.. Bb Hac11na no cpt.,IJ.ara Ha ct.sepHoTo crpaHI1YHO

OT,IJ.-BlleHI1e Ha npt.A,IJ.sep11eTO.

11. 6pOH30Ba 1<pbCTOBI1,IJ.Ha ¢116yna, ,IJ.bllra 10 CM., CYyneHa

11 6e3b 11rna, orropt, Cb pt.3aHI1 OpHaMeHT11; 0611KHOBeHa l<bCHOp11MCt<a

¢opMa OTb Ill 11n11 HaYanoro Ha IV s-B!<b. HaM-BpeHa Ha 11. VIII.

910 ro,IJ.. Ha c-Bsepb OTb U.bpKsara np11 rpo6a 46.

12. 4eT11p11 6pOH30BI1 TOnYeCTI1 I<OnYeTa OTb pa3Ha ron-BMI1Ha

(A11aMeTbpb oKono 10, 12, 14 11 16 MM.), HaM-BpeHI1 Ha 13. VIII. 910 ron.

Ha ct.sepb OTb l.l,bpKBaTa np11 rpo6osert, 44-56, OTb 1<01110 st.po st THO

11 n p0113XOH<,IJ.aTb.

13. 6pOH30Ba OKaYanKa 3a KaHAI1llO Cb rp11 KYKI1, Abllra

BCI1YKO 14 CM. , no,IJ.o6Ha HC! ra311 Bb o6p. 96. HaM-BpeHa Ha 12. VIII.

910 ro,IJ.. Ha c.¥. w,oro M-Bcro.

14. 6pOH30BO W11WeHL.J,e, BI1COI<O 7'5 CM., ropH11SITb Kpafi Ha

ycrara MY OTYyneHb. HaM-BpeHo Ha 6. X. 910 ro,IJ.. Bb KbCHI1st Hacl1nb

Ha npt.A,IJ.sep11eTO, Ha ,IJ.bll60YI1Ha OI<OJlO 50 CM.

15. VIrna 3a Koca OTb cnoHosa I<OCTb, yKpaceHa Ha Bbpxa

Cb TOnKa , ocrp11stTb H Kpa i1 orYyneHb ; Abllra 7·9 CM. HaM-BpeHa Ha

12. VIII. 910 ro,IJ. . Ha ct.sepb OTb U.bpKsara, Ha Abll60YI1Ha 1·50 M.

06p. 102. - CTbKneHH Ua OTb CB.

CocpHSI (1/3 ecr. ron .).

16. H-B!<OllKO napyera OTb crap11 l<bCHOp11MCKI1 crpoweHI1 CTbKJleHI1 C.¥.AOBe, HaM-BpeHI1 naKb

TaMb. EA11Hb OTb C.¥.,IJ.OBerl, Bb <f:>opMa Ha pOrb, MOH<a ,IJ.a ce Bb3CTaHOBI1 nOYTI1 L.J,t.Jlb (o6p. 102). •

17. )].st. rpy611 rni1HeHI1 rbpHera, OTb KOI1TO e,IJ.HOTO (s11co1<o 15 CM.) e 11Mano APbH<Ka (cera

orYyneHa), a Apyroro (s11cot<o 11 CM.), OTYaCTI1 cYyneHo, e 6e3b APbH<Ka. HaM-BpeHI1 naKb raMb.

5. 06wb xapaKrepb · H nara Ha HeKponona Bb HeKponona Ha Cs. Co¢11st HaM11paMe rp11 BI1Aa norpe6eHI1SI : KaMeHHI1 capKo<f:>a311, rpa,IJ.eHI1

rpo6HI1L.1,11 11 o611KHOBeHI1 rpo6ose. Bcbi<a e,IJ.Ha OTb n311 rpynl1 11Ma CBOI1T-B oco6HOCTI1, 1<011TO

3aCJlyH<aBaTb ,IJ.a Ce 113Tbi<HaTb, np11 KOeTO w,e MOH<eMb ,IJ.a onp1;,IJ.t,Jli1Mb nO-TOYHO, Bb CBpb3Ka Cb

Apyri1Tt, HaXO,IJ.I<I1 OTb HeKpOnOJla,spt.MeTO, Ha KOeTO Tt. np11Ha,IJ.JleH<aTb.

K.aMeHHI1Tt, CapKo<f:>a311, 1<011TO 11MaTb BCe C.¥.W,aTa npt.ACTaBeHa Yp-B3b 06p. 52 11 54 <f:>opMa ,

ce OTlli1YaBaTb no csostra CbBbpweHo npocra Hanpasa. H111<a1<BI1 oco6HI1 yKpaweHI1SI no r-Bxb He

HaM11paMe. BnpoYeMb 11 caMI1SITb Marep11allb, OTb KOHTO rt. C.¥. o611KHOBeHo 113A-BnaHI1 - rpy6b 11

rpowni1Bb nt.cbYHI1Kb - He e ce no,IJ.AaBallb Ha no-Aeni1KaTHa 113pa6or1<a. CaMo Bb ¢opMara Ha no

xnynaL.J,I1T-B, OC06HO Bb aKpOTep11Tt, Ha YeT11p11Tt, .¥.rna , HaM11paMe OW,e OCTaTbl.l,l1 OTb apX11TeKTOH

CKaTa ¢opMa 11 6orarara opHaMeHTI1Ka Ha aHTI1YHI1T-B capKo<f:>a311. Ta311 ront.Ma npocrora HOCI1 Bb

CllyYaSI 411CTO Mt.CTeHb xapaKTepb, TbH !<aTO Ha Apyrl1 M-BCTa CTapoxpHCTI1SIHCI<I1Tt, capKo<f:>a311 no

6oraTCTBO Ha <f:>opM11 11 OpHat-leHTI1Ka He OTCT.¥.nBaTb Bb HI1W,O Ha aHTHYHI1Tt..

100 HeKpononbTb Ha UbpK Bina Cs. Co c!m~

Orb onHeaHHTt, nOAb N<.2 2 11 3 eap1<ocpa311 ee BH»<Aa , 'le, KOraro He e 11Ma11o AOeraTbYHO

ro11i;Mb 6110Kb, OT"h KOHTO Aa ee 113At.11a u,i;1111S!Tb eapKOcparb, T0311 nOe11t.AH11S!Tb e 61111b npaBeHb OTb

OTAt.11HH ro11t.M11 n110YH, Karo My ee e npHA:'IBa11a naKb e.:~<-w,ara ¢opMa eb erpt.xOBHAeHb nox11y

naKb. no T0311 HaYHHb ee e noer11ra11a npH611H3HTe11HO e.:~<-w,ara u,t11b eb MHoro no-Ma11KH ept.Aersa.

Tosa Ht.w,o e.:~<-w,o e xapaKrepHo 3a eKpOMHHTt npereHLI,HH Ha rorasawHHTt eocpHI:ieKH >t<11re1111 .

0THOeHTe11HO AaTaTa Ha eap!<Ocpa311Ti; He MO>t<e Aa ee Ka>t<e Hi;W,O n0110>t<I1Te11HO, noHe>t<e

HaMi;peHIHt, 3aeera eK3eMn11S!p11, I<OHTO np11 TOBa e.:~<- 0111111 OTBapS!H11 11 no-paHO, He ebAbp>t<aTb

AOeTaTb4HO xapaKrepH11 Bb TOBa OTHOWeHI1e npi;AMeTH. Bee naKb eb ro11t.Ma si;pOS!THOeTb MO>f<e

Aa ee np11eMe, Ye rt. sei1YKI1 np0113XO»<AaTb orb KDaS! Ha Ill 11 orb IV st.Kb 11 Ye e11t.AOBaTe11HO 113-

BbpweHI1rt, Bb rt.xb norpe6eHI1S! e.:~<- xpHeTI1S!HeKH . 3a no-KbeHo spt.Me, OTb IV st.Kb HararbKb, He

HaMHpaMe AOeera HHKaKBI1 yKa3aHI1S!.

tpaAeHI1Tt, rp06HI1LI,I1 e.:~<- OTb ABa B11Aa : eAHIHt,, KOI1TO ·o3Ha4aBaMe KaTO n110e1<11 rpo6H11LI,11,

e.:~<- 3arsopeHI1 orropi; eb ro11t.M11 KaMeHHH n110YH 111111 eb Ae6e1111 ryx1111 , a Apyr11rt., o6HKHOBeHo

no-ro11t.M11, e~ 3aeBOAeHI1. nbpBHTi; OTb Tt.Xb npi:,AeTaBS!Tb npaBO.:Kfb11H11 KOB4e311, Ab11fl1 OTb eA11Hb

AO ABa Merpa, W11p0KI1 OTb 0"36-1"65 M. 11 Ab1100KI1 OTb Q·4Q-1 ·55 M. f<aKTO ee B11>t<Aa OTb Ab1100-

411HaTa 11Mb, Th He e.:~<- npaBeHI1 , 3a Aa ee B11113a Bb rt.Xb. np11 Bee TOBa HtKOI1 OTb no-ro11i:,MI1Tt,

(VI, VII 11 XXX) e.:~<- eHa6AeHI1 eb spar11, K011TO e.:~<- e11y>t<111111 , KaKro 113rne»<Aa, 3a Aa ee BMbKBaTb

npt.3b rt.xb rpynoseri; Ha MbpTBHrt. np11 no-KbeHI1 norpe6eHI1S! , 6e3b Aa ee A11rarb re>t<K11Tt, Ka

MeHH11 n11o411 orb rpo6HI1LI,Hrt.. C11t.nosare11Ho 11 rt.311 rpo6HI1LI,11 rpt.6sa Aa ee e411rarb 3a cpaMH11HI1,

KOeTO Hi;w,o ee nOTBbp>t<AaBa 11 OTb OOeTOS!Te11eTBOTO, Ye Bb ri;xb ee HaM11paxa 0611KHOBeHO ABa 11

noseYe e1<e11era.

CBOAeer11rt. rpo6H11LI,I1 np111111YaTb Ha Ma11KI1 erai1YKI1 , 3aeBOAeHI1 noYTI1 BI1Harl1 eb o6HKHOBeHb

UH11HHAPHYeeKI1 eBOAb (113K1110YeH11e npas11 eaMo rpo6H11u,ara XXVIII , KOS!TO 11Ma t<pberarb eBOAb),

AbnrH orb 2-4 M. 11 w11p01<11 orb 1·50-3 M. Tt.xHara o6111<HOBC:Ha Bl1eOYI1Ha A"XTHra OK0110 2 M.,

TbH Ye YOBt.Kb MO»<e eso60AHO Aa ee 113npas11 Bb rt.xb. CaMo Bb pt.AK11 e11y 4a11 Bl1eOYI1Hara e

o1<0110 1·50 M, a ept.w,a ee Karo 113K1110YeHI1e Aa»<e Bl1eOYHHa 1·18 11 1"06 M. (rpo6HI1UH XVIII 11

XXIII). CsoAeer11rt. rpo6H11u,11 11Marb BHHarl1 spara, KOS!TO Bb noseyero e11yYa11 e T011K03b Hl1eKa (50

-60 eM.), Ye YOBt.Kb eaMO 11a311WKOMb MO>t<e Aa MI1He npi;3b HeS!. noHt.Kora HaMHpaMe o6aye 11

s11e0K11 spar11, npt.3b K011TO eso6oAHO ee MHHasa (rpo6HI1U,11 IV, X 11 XXVI) , npt.AweersysaHI1 orb

3-4 rpaAeHI1 er.:~<-na11a (X 11 XXVI) . Bpar11rt. o611KHOBeHo e.:~<- e.:~<-w,o 3aeBOAeH11 , o6aYe ept.w,arb ee

11 ra1<11Ba (rpo6H11LI,H VII , XVI 11 XXI), 1<011ro 3aBbpwsarb orropt, eb xop1130HTa11eHb KaMeHeHb nparb.

np11 Op11eHT11paHeTO Ha rpo6HI1l.I,11Tt,, Kai<TO Ha n110e1<11Tt, TaKa 11 Ha eBOAeeTI1Tt,, He e ena3-

BaHO HHKaKBO npaBI1110. ,J ;t, e~ 6111111 nOCTaBS!HI1 Bb Bel141<11 Bb3MO>t<HI1 HanpaB11eHHS!, si;pOS!THO enopeAb

rosa, KaKro e no3B011S!Ba11o Mt.eroro. Bb erpo11re11H11S1 Marep11a11b Ha ABara BHAa rpo6H11u,11 He MO»<e

Aa ee KOHerar11pa Ht.KaKBO pa311114He. VI eAH11Tt, 11 ApyrHrt, e.:~<- rpaAeH11 Orb ro11t.M11 YeTBbpTHTI1

ryx1111 11 xopoeaHb. CaMo Bb rpo6H11u,ara XXVIII e.:~<- ynorpt.6eHH Bb ertH11rt. oryaer11 11 KaMbHH.

06aye TYX1111Ti; no r011t.M11Ha 11 xopoeaHbTb no ebeTaBb He e .:~<- BI1Har11 eAHaKBI1. np11 113Mt.pBaHeTO

Ha Ht.Kol1 orb ryx1111rt. ee no11y411xa pe3y11rannt., npt.AeTaBeHI1 Bb ra61111u,ara Ha erp. 101.

f<aKTO ee B11>t<Aa OTb Ta311 ra61111LI,a, HaH-Yeero ee epi;w,aTb TYX1111 eb erpaHa 32-33 eM., Ae-

6e1111 4-5 eM. lo11t.M11rt. ryx1111 eb erpaHa noseYe orb 40 eM. e .:~<- 6111111 ynorpt.6S!BaHI1 eaMo 3a no

Kp11Bb Ha n11oe1<11Tt, rpo6H11u,11. Ha eAHara e11 erpaHa , KOS!TO e 3arnaAeHa, ryx1111rt. 11Marb o611KHO

BeHHTt ABt, 111111 rp11 1111H1111, rer11eHI1 nO A11arOHa11a eb npbCTb npi;AH 113nl14aHeTO 11Mb. noHi;Kora

TI1S! 1111HI111 e.:~<- 111B11TI1 Bb BHAb Ha Kp.:~<-rb 111111 3Hr3arb. XopoeaHbTb e npHMt.eeHb o611KHOBeHo eb

YyKaHH KepaMHAH, o6aYe epi;w,a ee 11 TaKbBb eaMO OTb Bapb 11 ni;ebKb. Tol:i e HaHaeS! Hb BI1HarH

Bb Ae6e1111 n11aerose, 4-6 eM.

noAbTb Ha rpo6H11LI,Hrt. e noer11aHb noHt.Kora eb ryx1111 111111 eb n11aerb orb xopoeaHb, a

noHt.Kora e noeHnaHb eaMo eb nt.ebKb. Crt.H11rt. o6HKHOBeHo ors.:~<-rpt, e .:~<- H3Ma3aHH eb eAI1Hb

n11aerb orb Bapb, nt.ebKb 11 Kb114Hw,a. B Mtero Kb114HW.a Bb n11oe1<11Tt, rpo6HHLI,H e .:~<- ynorpt.6eHH

--

YcrpoHCTBO Ha rpaneHHTt rpo6HHUH 101

nOHt.t<Ora B"b rOllt.MO KOJlVIYeCTBO YyKaHVI Ha CVITHO KepaMVIAVI, nopaAVI KOeTO Tt.XHaTa Ma3V1Jll<a V13·

rne»<Aa CbBCt.Mb YepseHa (rpo6HVILJ,VI V, VI VI XXX). Bb Ht.KOVI OTb no-xy6aBVITt. CBOAeCTVI rpo6HVILJ,VI,

yt<paceHH Cb cppect<11 (XVI, XXI VI XXXIV), Bbpxy nbpBaTa Ma3VInKa ce HaMVIpa Apyra no-TbHKa VI no

xy6asa OTb W.YKb (cMt.Cb OTb Bapb VI CYyl<aHb MpS!MOpb). ,lleKopal.l,HS!Ta Ha T1>3VI rpo6HI1l.J,VI 3acny·

>t<aBa OC06HO BHHMaHHe, TOJ11<03b nOBeYe, ye naMeTHVILJ,VI OTb T03VI BVI):\b CJK T!3bpAt. pt.AKVI , no 1<0·

SITO n pVIYVIHa w,e Ce cnpeMb Cb Ht.t<Olli<O AYMVI Bbpxy T"EXb.

i. i. u u

~ i 0 rpOOHHUH

c:; 0. ,0 = o:i 3

33 33

33 33 - ··

33 34

124 24 4'5 126- ,-26 4

i-26·5- 28"5 "4

33

i. u

\Ci <lJ o:i

4·5

7•5

4•5

4-5

rpOOHHUH ~ IV, VII, XIX, XXIV

VII

VI

XXVI

II !

I ·- I

I

27 4

28 4

45

28 4

29 4•5

VII

XIX

VIII

XIX

VIII

VIII

XXV

X VIII

------- ---- -

-- ·-

[ 29 37 5

,--3o -3o 4·5

30 34 4

31 31 - - - -- -- ..

31 33 - ------

32 32

4-5

5

.4-4"5

X, XVIII

1 XXVIII

XX .J XXVII

VII, X, XVII-XX

4-5

15

7

4

34 17 I 6-,

34"5 1-34"5·: -5

-· 35 ~I 35 _ .4 35 135

~ _-.._4-D T57 -1-52- \60

' 7

8

6

XXVI, XXVII "

XXVII J

VII, XXVII '

XXVII.J

XXIX, XXXII

XI

XVII, XXVI

VII

VIII

XII

_ I

-- ---

I 32 33 .5'5

4 - 5

4"5

VI, XXIII , XXIV - - ~ ---;-

1 55 I 65 . 8 -!- --!-·· -' - II --- -- - ·--f,l

XXXII~

-~ i- - - -

35 '32 .

li 32•5 ' 34

: 60 : 60 8 -. - ---j

. I

XXVI, XXVII v ·····--- - ·

XXIII

VbBt.CTHO e, Ye 06VI4aS!Tb Aa Ce Vl3nVICBaTb rpo6HVILJ,VITt. Cb pa3HH Vl306pa>t<eHVISI e TBbpAt,

CTapb VI BOAVI HaYa!lOTO CVI st.pOS!THO OTb ErVIneTb, OTA-ETo nocn-5 e MVIHa!lb Bb rbpl.l,VISI, Mana-f\3VISI

VI Vlran11st. (b TeYeHVIe Ha spt.Mero T03VI o6VIYaH e npt.Kapanb pa3HVI creneHVI Ha pa3BHTVIe, t<aro e

nonyYHJlb HaHOBO WHpOt<O pa3npOCTpaHeHHe Bb nbpBVIT-5 Bp-5MeHa Ha XpHCTHSIHCTBOTO. rpaMaAHOTO

60J1WI1HCTBO Orb naMeTHHLJ,VITt. OTb TOBa spt.Me Ce HaMHpaTb Bb PHMb, a HMeHHO Bb KaTaKOM6VITt..

Y HaCb nO):I06HH CTapoxpHCTVISIHCI<H rpo6HHLJ,H Cb Vl306pa»<eHHSI CJK HaMHpaHH ):\OCera rnaBHO Bb

CocpHS!. 1) Ocst.Hb onHcaHHTt. no- ropt. AB-E rpo6HHLJ,H (XVI 1-1 XXXIV), Apyra noAo6Ha CBOAecra rpo6-

HHLJ,a e 61-1na omp1-1ra 1-1 HaHoBo 3acHnaHa npt3b 1896 roA. naKb np1-1 Cs. CocpHSI, Ha c-EsepHaTa H

crpaHa, nOAb ceraulHaTa ynHLJ,a MocKOBCKa, HO 3a »<anocTb He CJK o6HapOABaHH 3a HeSI HH

t<at<BI-1 cs-EA-EHHSI. Bb c6Hp1<VIT-5 Ha HapOAHI-151 My3eH ce na351Tb caMo neTb TBbpA-5 nospbXHOCTHI-1

CKHLJ,I-1,, CHeTH np1-1 OTKpVIBaHero H, YeTVIPH OTb KOHTO Bb3npoV13Be»<AaMe TYKb 3a npbBb nJKTb. Tt.3H

CI<Hlll-1 Hl-1 n03BOJ1S!BaTb ,[\a Cl-1 CbCTaBHMb npH6JlH3HTeJlHO np-5ACTaBJleHHe 3a ,[\el<opal.l,HS!Ta Ha rp06HH·

LJ,ara (o6p. 103-106). Bbpxy CBOAa (o6p. 104) e 6Hnb Vl3nHcaHb nasposb s-EHeLJ,b Cb t<pbCT"b Bb Hero,

1) .ilOI<Oni<OTO MH e H3B"\;CTHO, Bb 6bJlrapH S1 , OC

BtHb Bb Co<jm11, nono6Ha rpo6HHUa e 6Hna HaMt peHa

nocera caMo Bb .ileBHSI npt3b 1899 ron. (rn. vbs"\;CTiSI

pycc1<. apxeonor. HHCTHT. Bb KoHCTaHTHHonont IV, 1901 ,

446 Cb enHa pHcyHKa). TSI e 6Hna .Ubnra 2·10, wHpoKa

1·20 H BHCOKa !·36 M.; Cb.UbpH<ana e .usa CKenera. 3anan

HaTa H I<~Ca CT"\;Ha e 6HJla H3nHCaHa Cb npbCHaTH UBt

TH H I<JlOHYeTa, MeH<ny I<OHTO Ce HaMHpaTb H .UBt nTHYeTa .

102 HeKpononbTb Ha JlbpKsara Cs. Co cj:ll-1 11

OTb .D.B-trt CTpaHH Ha KO~lTO Ci'K pa3nOJIO>t<eHH CHMeTpH4HO .D.pyrH .D.Ba no-roni;MH KpbCTa. Ha JO>t<

HaTa CT-tHa (o6p. 105) e H3nHCaHb CJKUJ,O e.D.Y!Hb KpbCTb Bb KpJKrb Cb .D.Ba nayHa OTCTpaHY1, a Ha

c-tsepHaTa, .n.-tTo ce e Ha MHpana spaTaTa ( o6p. 1 06), YeTY1pY1 ron JK6a . 1)

.[l,pyra no.n.o6Ha cso.n.eCTa rpo6HHU,a e 611J1a OTI<PY1Ta Bb Kpa51 Ha asryCTa 1909 ro.n.. Ha yn.

lypKo, np-t.n.b KJKw,aTa N2 13.") .[l,eKopau,H51Ta Ha Ta3Y1 rpo6HHu,a (o6p. 107-110 cnope.n.b CKHU,YIT-t

Ha r. X. TaYeBb) npY1IlY1'-Ia TBbp.D.-t

MHOro Ha Ta3Y1 OTb 1896 ro.n.. CT"tHY!T"t

CJK pa3.D."tileHY1 Bb .D.OJIHI•I"T"B CY1 4aCTY1

Ha U,Bi;THY1 KBa.n.paTY1 , a IlJOHeTKY1rB Ha

KJKCHTi; CTpaHH CJK yKpaceHH Cb

nTY14eTa 1-1 e.n.Ha Ba3a (aMcpopa) Cb

.n.ri"-t .D.pb>t<KY1. no cpi;.n.aTa Ha CBO.D.a,

Y13nbCTpeHb Cb OpHaMeHTb OTb KOH·

u,eHTpH4HY1 KpJKrOBe, Ce HaMY!pa CJK

UJ,Y151Tb KpbCTb Bb JlaBpOBb B"tHeU,b

(o6p. 11 0). Ocs-tHb TOBa Bb YeTHpY1T"t

JKrila Ha cso.n.a CJK 6Y1Ilf1 Y13nHcaHY1

6JOCTOBeTi; Ha YeTHpHTi; apxaHreiiY1:

MY!xaY!Ilb, YpHeilb, laspaY!Ilb Y1 Pa

cpaY!Ilb, 03Ha4e!-:H BC"tKY1 e.D.HHb Cb

Ha.D.nY1Cb.

Hal1-nocn-t np"t3b M-tceu,b cpeB

pyapY1 1912 ro.n.. Ha c-tsepb OTb

06p. 103. - 06w b H3rnenb Ha rpo6HHUala, orKp~-tra n pi;3b 18S6 ron . HapO.D.HOTO Cb6paHY1e - cn-t.n.osa·

TeJIHO Bb rp.~HU,HT-t Ha HeKpOnOJia

Ha Cs. CocpH51 - 6-t OTKPHTa e.n.Ha nnocKa rpo6HHu,a Cb cppeCKY1, K051TO ow.e He e H3.D.a.n.eHa. TyKb

Bb3npOY13Be>t<.D.aMe CaMO HeHHaTa .D.eKOpaU,I-151 no U,B"tTHHTi; KOnH51 Ha r . .[I, . .[l,aCKaJIOBb . .[l,si;Ti; .D.bilfY1

CTpaHY1 CJK 3aeTY1 u,-tn11 OTb no e.n.Ha II03a Cb ron-tMH rpo3.n.ose (o6p. 111) - .n.eKopau,l-151, K051TO 6e3b

06p. 104. - lleraiinb OTb esona Ha rpo6HHuara , OTKPHTa npi;3b 1896 ron.

CbMH"tHHe CTOY1 Bb .n.ane4Ha Be4e Bpb3Ka Cb KYIITa Ha .[I,HOHHCa. 11) 3ana.n.HaTa CT-tHa e yKpaCeHa Cb

XpY1CTOBaTa MOHorpaMa Bb naspOBb s-tHeu,b, OTb .n.s-tT-t CTpaHY1 Ha KOHTO ce HaMHpa no e.D.Y1Hb

lj Bbpxy eHMBOn H'leeKOTO 3Ha'leHHe Ha nayHHri; H

rbnil'i6Hri; Bb si;psa HHS!Ta Ha erapHli; xp~-teTHSIH H rn . F. X. Kraus, Gesehiehte der ehristliehen Kunst I 99 H 111 en.; S y be I, Christliehe Antike I 171 en.

~) r . K a u a p 0 B b H X. T a 'l eBb, HOBOOTI<PHTa

erapoxpHeTHS! HeKa rpo6HHUa Bb Cocj>HSI, Bb ~13si;erHSI Ha

bbnr. apxeon. n pyH< . I, 1910, 23-28 Cb ra6n . II. 'l) Bb pXy eHMBOnH'leeKOTO 3Ha'leHHe Ha n o3aTa

.Llet<OpauH~ Ha CTapoxpHCTH~HCt<HT-t rpo6HHUH Bb Co¢HII 103

KaH.o,ena6bpb (Ta6n. XXI 2). V13TOYHaTa cr5Ha e v13nbCTpeHa Cb YepseHYI naneTa, a Bb Kpaiiw,aTa

Ha noneTo CJK YI306pa3eHYI naKb .o,sa KaH.o,ena6pa (o6p. 112).

Tosa, KOeTo OTnYIYasa OTKpYITYITi:; .o,ocera Bb Co¢¥151 neTb Yl3nYicaHYI rpo6HYILJ,YI, e nbnHaTa

,D,ei<OpaTYIBHOCTb Ha Ti:;XHYITi:; Yl306pa>KeHYI51. )J,a>Ke Y1 TaMb, .o,i:;TO no Y13l<niOYeHY!e HaMY!paMe 40Bi:;WI<YI

¢YirypY1, KaKTO Bb rpOOHHLJ,aTa OTb yn. rypKO, yi:; CJK Y13nOn3yBaHH KaTO ,D,eKOpaTYIBHYI eneMeHTI-1 Bb

LJ,i:;nOTO, a He KaTO CaMOCTOS!TenHYI o6pa3YI. npYI TOBa, 6onWYIHCTBOTO OTb .o,eKopaTYIBHYITi:; ene

MeHTYI He CJK B38TYI npOY13BOnHO, a ce HaMHpaTb Bb CBpb3Ka Cb CYIMBOnYII<aTa Bb KynTa Ha Mbp

TBHTi:;. Hi:;KOYI OTb Ti:;Xb (MaKbTb, n03aTa, aM¢opaTa) HanOMH51Tb OW,e CTapY!Ti:; KynTOBYI Tpa,D,HLI,HYI Ha

KnaCYIYeCKYITi:; HapO,D,YI, a .o,pyrYI (Kpb

CTbTb, xpY13MaTa, apxaHrenYITi:;, nTYI

LJ,YITi:;) CJK 3aeTH Be4e OTb CYIMBOnl-1-

KaTa Ha xpY1CTY151HCTBOTO. HY!e TYKb

He MO»<eMb .o,a ce snyw,aMe Bb no - no

.o,po6HYI 0651CHeHYI51 Ha T-1:,31-1 Yl306pa

»<eHYI51 Yl .o,a YI3,D,Y1psaMe npoY13XO.o,a Ha

LJ,i:;naTa Ta3YI .o,eKopaLJ,¥151. UJ,e 3a6i:;-"--~ ni:;>KYIMb CaMO, Ye Haf1-6nYI3KYITi:; aHa-

nOrYIYI 6¥1 Tpi:;6sano .o,a ce AYI p51Tb He

TOnK03b Bb BCei-13Bi:;CTHYITi:; Yl306pa -

>KeH¥151 Ha pY1MCKI-1Ti:; KaTaKOM6YI, I<On·

KOTO Bb TBbp.o,i:; ManKO n03HaTYITi:; pH·

·.,; . .. . · ··.-..:- ·--- ·

06p 105 - t0H<Hara cT-tHa Ha crr:. wara rpo6HHua.

cysaHYI rpo6HYILJ,YI Bb oKonHOCTbTa Ha KepYb Bb KpYIMb, YYieTo nbnHo Yl HayYHO o6Hapo.o,saHe ce

oYaKsa HacKopo, 1) a M::::>Ke 6YI Yl sb Hi:;KoYI OTb no-6nYI3KYITi:; CTaporpbLI,KYI KOnOHYIYI no 6pi:;ra Ha

4epHo-Mope.

KaTO ce spbwaMe naKb KbMb cso.o,eCTYITi:; rpo6HYILJ,H npYI Cs. Co¢¥151, YIMa npi:;.o,M BCYIYKO

.o,a 3a6i:;ni:;>KYIMb, ye yi:; Cb,D,bp>KaTb 06YIKHOBeHO no Hi:;I<OnKO norpe6eHYI51 (.o,o weCTb CKe!l~Ta) Yl GK

cni:;.o,osaTenHo cJKw,o ¢aMYinHYI rpo6HYILI,YI. MbpTBHTi:; CJK 6Y!nYI cnaraHYI Bb yi:;xb, KaKTO c~ BYI>K.o,a

Hai1-.o,o6p-b on, 3ana3eHaTa HenoKJKTHaTa rpo6HYILJ,a XVI, 6Y!no Bb AbpBeHYI KOBYe3YI, 6Y!no Hanpaso

6e3b KOBYerb, 06BYITYI CaMO Bb .o,peXYI. npYI TOBa ~ e Ce e Cb6mo.o,asano CTpOrO, W,OTO rnasaTa Ha

norpe6aHYI51 .o,a 6JK.o,e Ha 3ana.o,b, Ma·

Ka pb TOBa nono>KeHY!e .o,a Yl3rne>K.o,a

.o,a e 6Yino ow,e Torasa KaTo npa

BYino. PJKLJ,i:;Ti:; He Ci'i>. ce cKpbcTsanYI

sbpxy rbp,D,Y!Ti:;, a· CJK cnaraHYI Ha

.o,nb»KYI 11 3a nnOCI<YITi:; rp06HYILI,f1.

06p. 1C6 - C-tsepHaTa cT-tHa Ha crr:.wara rpo6HHua.

OcTasa Haii-nocni:; .o,a BYIAYIMb,

KaKso nono>t<-eHYie CJK 3aeMaJIYI rpa

.o,eHYITi:; rp06HYILI,YI cnpi:;MO OKOnH¥151

TepeHb, T. e . .o,anYI yi:; CJK 6Y!nYI 3apY1-

H1 LJ,i:;nYI Bb 3eM51Ta Ylnl-1 He. MHoro

Cb06pa>KeHf151 noKa3BaTb, Ye yi:; CJK 6Y!nYI caMo YaCTYIYHO 3apY1TYI Bb 3eM51Ta. TaKa Hanp. cso.o,o

seTi:; Ha noseYeTo OTb yi:;xb CJK YI3Ma3aHYI Yl OTropi:; Cb 3.o,pasb xopocaHb, cMi:;ceHb Cb roni:;Mo KO

nYIYeCTBO YyKaHYI KepaM¥1.0,11 Hi:;w,o, KOeTO e.o,Ba nYI 6YI YIMano CMYICbnb, aKO rpo6H11LI,YITi:; C.i\( 6YinYI

t<aro aneropHII Ha esa11renHero rn. Kraus , Reai -Ency t<lopadie der christlichen f\lterthum er II 982 H Geschichte der christlichen Kunst I 122.

1) rn. M. PocrosueBb, KepYeHCI<aSI net<opaTHBHall H<HBOnHCb, Bb >KypHanb MHHHCT. Hap. npocst111.

1906, or.u. t<nacc. <jJHnon., H PocnHcb KepYeHCt<oi1 rpo6-H11Ubl, ort<pblTOH Bb 1891 rony, Bb C6opH11t<b Bb yecrb rpa<jJa f\. f\. 6o6p11HCt<aro, 1911 , crp. 1 en. Ha orn-tnHHII orneYaTbt<b. 3a t<epYeHCI<HT-t rpo6HHUH cp. owe Ton c ro i1 11 Ko H na 1< o Bb, PyccKill npesHOCTH I, 2-po H3il, crp 31-34.

YcTpOHCTBO Ha rpaneHHT~ rpo6HHUH 101

nOHi>KOra B'b IOJli>MO KOni-1YeCTBO YyKaHH Ha CYITHO Kepa MYIAYI, nopaAH KOeTO Ti>XHaTa Ma3HJH<a ¥13-

rne»<.Aa CbBCi:.Mb YepseHa (rpo6HHLJ,H V, VI H XXX). Bb Hi>KOH OTb no-xy6asHTt. CBOAeCTH rpo6HHLJ,H,

y~<paceHH Cb ¢peCI<H (XVI, XXI H XXXIV), Bbpxy nbpBaTa Ma3Hnl<a ce HaMHpa Apyra no-TbHKa H no

xy6asa OTb W.YKb (CMi:.Cb OTb Bapb Y1 CYyKaHb Mp51MOpb) . .[leKOpaU,H51Ta Ha Ti>3H rpo6HHLJ,YI 3acny

»<.aBa OC06HO BHHMaHHe, T0Jli<03b noBeYe, Ye naMeTHYILJ,YI OTb T03YI BYI):\b CN' T13bpAt, pi:.AKYI, no I<0-

51TO npHYHHa W,e Ce CnpeMb Cb Hi>KOJli<O AYMYI Bbpxy Ti:.Xb .

n=! i. i. ~ i. u u :;: u u :;:

i u i u

"' . 0 0 rpOOHHUH :E 0 0 rpOOHHUH

~ , I .:: 0.. r:; 0.. :s: v ,.a :s: v . r'l q ::1

! q 3 q 3

124_ . 24 4•5 VII 33 33 4·5 IV, VII, XIX, XXIV

: 26 26 4 XIX 33 33 7•5 VII -· -- --

: 26"5 I 28·5 4 VIII 33 34 4"5 VI

! 27 27 4 XIX 33 36 4-5 XXVI

i 27 - --

28 4 VIII 33 37 4-5 XXVI, XXVII " -

27'5 30 45 VIII 34 34 5 XXVII J ' -- --- - · -

28 28 4 XXV 34 34 7 VII, XXVII J

--- ·--

29 29 4·5 X 34 17 4 XXVII.J - ---- - -··· -

29 37 5 VIII 34 17 6 XXIX, XXXII -- - ·

30 30 4•5 X, XVIII 34"5 1 34"5 5 XI - -- - - -

30 34 4 1 XXVIII 35 35 ' 4 XVII, XXVI -- ------

31 4-5 XX 35 35 7 VII - - - l

33 5 J XXVII 40 : 57 8 VIII i ---- --- ---- ·- - - ~- -- -

32 32 4-4·5 VII, X, XVII-XX 52 60 6 XII --- - -- --· ---- --- ----

I 3_2_ 33 5'5 VI, XXIII, XXIV 55 i 65 8 II -----:1 -- - --- - - - -- -~-- - - - -- ·--- -· --·

1

, 32 35 4- 5 XXVI, XXVIIv 60 I 60 8 XXXII~

34 4•5 XXIII --~ .-32"5

YbBi:.CTHO e, Ye 06HYa51Tb Aa ce H3nYICBaTb rpo6HHLJ,Y!Ti:. Cb pa3HYI Yl306pa»<.eHH51 e TBbpAt.

CTapb Yl BOAYI HaYaJlOTO CYI st.pOS!THO OTb ErHneTb, OTAt.TO nocnt. e MHHallb Bb rbpU,¥151, Mana- fb¥151

Y1 Yhan¥!51. (b TeYeHHe Ha Bpi:.MeTO T03YI 06HYai1 e npi:.!<apanb pa3HYI CTeneHH Ha pa3BYITY!e, KaTO e

nonyYHJlb HaHOBO WY1p01<0 pa3npOCTpaHeHHe Bb nbpBHTi:. Bpi:.MeHa Ha XpHCTYI51HCTBOTO. rpaMa):\HOTO

60JlWYIHCTBO OTb naMeTHYILJ,HTi:. OTb TOBa Bpi:.Me Ce HaMHpaTb Bb PYIMb, a HMeHHO Bb KaTai<OM6HTi:..

Y HaCb nOA06HH CTapoxpHCTYI51HCI<YI rpo6HHLJ,YI Cb Yl306pa>t<eHH 51 CNZ HaMHpaHH AOCera rnaBHO Bb

Co<f:>H51. 1) Ocst.Hb onHCaHHTt. no-ropt. ABt. rpo6HHU,H (XVI H XXXIV) , Apyra noAo6Ha CBOAecTa rpo6-

HHLJ,a e 6Hna OTKPHTa H HaHOBO 3acHnaHa npt3b 1896 lOA. n aKb npH Cs. Co<f:>H51, Ha ct.sepHaTa ~

CTpaHa, nOAb cerawHaTa ynHu,a MocKOBCKa, HO 3a >t<anoCTb He CNZ o6HapOABaHH 3a He51 HH

Kai<BH cstAi>HH51. Bb c6HpKHTt. Ha HapOAHH51 My3ei1 ce na351Tb caMo neTb TBbpAt. nospbXHOCTHH

CKHLJ,H,, CHeTH npH OTKpHsaHeTo ~. YeTHpH OTb KOHTO Bb3n pOH3Be>t<AaMe TYI<b 3a npbBb nNZTb. Tt3H

CKYIUYI HYI n03BOJl51BaTb ):\a CYI CbCTaBHMb npH6llH31·1TeJlHO nptACTaBJleHHe 3a Aei<OpaU,H51Ta Ha rp06HH

LJ,aTa (o6p. 103-106). Bbpxy CBOAa (o6p. 104) e 6Hnb H3nHcaHb nasposb stHeu,b Cb KpbCTb Bb Hero,

1) ilOKOJJI<OTO MH e H 3B~CTHO, Bb 6bJJrapH~. OC

B'tHb Bb (O<jm5!, n ono6Ha rpo6HHua e 6HJJa H a M~ peHa

nocera caMo Bb ileBH5! np't3b 1899 ron. (rn . V1 3B~CTi st

pyCCI<. apxeonor. HHCTHT. Bb KDHCTaHTH HOnont JV, 1901.

446 Cb enH a pH CYH Ka). T5! e 6Hna nbnra 2·10, w HpoKa

1·20 H BHCOKa 1·36 M. ; Cbilbpl-l<ana e nsa CKeneTa. 3 a nan

HaTa H 1</i<.Ca CT'tHa e OHJJa H3nHCaHa Cb npbCHaTH UB-t

T5! H I<JJOH'ieTa, Mel-l<ilY I<OHTO Ce HaM HpaTb H L!B~ nTH'ieTa.

102 HeKpononbTb Ha UbpKsara Cs . Cocp1-111

OTb AB-Brfi CTpaHVI Ha KOiho C;;<. pa3nOJlO>t<eHVI CVIMeTpWlHO il,pyrVI il,Ba no-ron-BMVI KpbCTa. Ha IO>t<

HaTa CT-BHa (o6p. 105) e Vl3nVICaHb C;;<.W,O eil,VIHb KpbCTb Bb Kp;;<.rb Cb il,Ba nayHa OTCTpaHVI, a Ha

c-BsepHaTa, A-BTO ce e HaMV~pana spaTaTa (o6p. 106), 4eTV1pV1 fbJJ;;<.6a. 1)

,LJ,pyra nOA06Ha CBOAeCTa rpo6HV~U.a e 61-ma OTKPV~Ta Bb KpaSl Ha asrycTa 1909 roA. Ha yn.

lypKo, np-BAb K;;<.W,aTa N2 13. ~) ,lJ,eKopau,V~SlTa Ha Ta3VI rpo6HJ.1U.a (o6p. 107-110 cnopeAb CKVIU.VIT-B

Ha r. X. Ta4eBb) npV1IlJ.14a TBbpA-B

MHoro Ha Ta31-1 OTb 1896 roil,. CT-BHVIT-B

C;;<. pa3A-BJJeHJ.1 Bb AOJlHVIrB Cl-1 4aCTJ.1

Ha U.B-BTHI-1 KBaApan-t, a JliOHeTKVIrB Ha

K;;<.CJ.1Tt, CTpaHVI C;;<. yKpaCeHVI Cb

nTJ.14eTa VI eAHa sa3a (aMCpopa) Cb

ABt, Apb>t<KI-1. no cp-BAaTa Ha CBOAa, j

J.13nbCTpeHb Cb OpHaMeHTb OTb KOH· ·<'

u,eHTpV14Hf1 Kp;;<.rose, ce HaMV~pa C;;<.

W,I-1SlTb KpbCTb Bb JlaBpOBb B-BHeU,b

(o6p . 110). Ocs-BHb Tosa Bb 4eTI-1PVIT-B

;;<.rna Ha CBOAa C;;<. 6J.1JlVI Vl3nVICaHJ.1

6toCTOBerl Ha 4eT1-1p1-1Tt, apxaHrelll-1:

M1-1xa1-1Jlb, YpV~eJlb, laspaVIJJb VI Pa

cpa1-1Jlb, 03Ha4ei-!J.1 sc-BKI-1 eAV~Hb Cb

HaAnVICb.

06p. 103. - 06wb f13rnenb Ha rpo6HHua1a. orKpHTa npi>3b 18S6 ron.

Hat1-nocn-B np-B3b M-Bceu,b cpes

pya p1-1 1912 roA. Ha c-Bsepb OTb

HapOAHOTO cb6paHV~e - cn-BAosa

TeJJHO Bb rpaHJ.1U.I-1T-B Ha HeKponona

Ha Cs. Cocp1-1Sl - 6-B OTKPV~Ta eAHa nnocKa rpo6H1-1u,a Cb cppeCKI-1, KOSlTO ow,e He e f13AaAeHa . TyKb

Bb3npOV13Be>t<AaMe caMo Hei1HaTa AeKopaU.J.1Sl no u.s-BTHI-1T-B KOnJ.1Sl Ha r. ,LJ,. ,lJ,ao<aJJOBb. ,LJ,s-BT-B Abllrl-1

CTpaHI-1 c;;<. 3aeT1-1 u.-Bn1-1 OTb no eAHa JJ03a Cb ron-BMI-1 rp03AOBe (o6p. 111) - AeKopau,V~Sl, KOSlTO 6e3b

06p. 104. - flerafinb orb esona Ha rpo6H1-1uara, orKpHra npi>3b 1896 ron.

CbMH-BHVIe CTOI-1 Bb il,aJle4Ha Be4e Bpb3Ka Cb KYJJTa Ha ,1J,VIOHJ.1Ca.'1) 3anail,HaTa CT-BHa e yKpaCeHa Cb

Xp1-1CTOBaTa MOHOrpaMa Bb nasposb s-BHeU.b, OTb AB-BT-B CTpaHI-1 Ha KOHTO ce HaMV~pa no eAVIHb

1) Bbpxy eHMBOnH 'leeKoro 3Ha'leHHe Ha nayHHrt H rbn;r;61-1rt Bb s-tpsaHHS!Ta Ha erap1-1ri> xp1-1eTI-15lHH rn. F. X. Kraus, Gesehiehte der ehristliehen Kunst I 99 H 111 en.: Sybel, Christliehe Antike I 171 en .

-- ·------- --------'-'--- ·- -- . - ·--·- - ·- ·- -

~ ) r. K a u a p 0 B b 1-1 X. T a 'l eBb, HoBOOTKp1-1Ta erapoxp !-1eTH51HeKa rpo6HHUa Bb Cocpi-151, Bb vl3si>CTHSI Ha f.Obnr. apxeon. npy)!<. I, 1910, 23 - 28 eb ra6n. II .

::) BbpXy eHMBOnH'leeKOTO 3Ha 'leHHe Ha n03aTa

(

DeKopaw-1~ Ha crapoxpHCH15lHCKHTt. rpo6HHUH Bb Co¢1-151 103

t<aHge11a6bpb (Ta611. XXI 2). i-13TOYHaTa cri:.Ha e 113nbCTpeHa Cb YepseHI1 11a11eTa, a Bb t<pai:iw,aTa

Ha no11eTO c;y;, 113o6pa3eHI1 nat<b gsa t<aHge11a6pa (o6p. 112).

T osa, t<OeTo OT1111Ya sa OTt<p11T11T-E gocera Bb Coqmst n eTb 113ni1CaHI1 rpo6H11U.11, e nb11HaTa

get<OpaTI1BHOCTb Ha T-5XHI1T-t 11306paH<eHI1SI. ,lJ,aH<e 11 TaMb, g-tTO no 1131<1110YeHI1e HaM11paMe YOB-5Wt<11

qmryp11, t<at<TO Bb rpOOHI1LJ,aTa OTb yn. fypt<O, T-t Ci'i\, 113n0113yBaHI1 t<aTO get<OpaTI1BHI1 eneMeHTI1 Bb

u,-5110TO, a He KaTO CaMOCTmneJlHI1 o6pa311. np11 TOBa, 6011WI1HCTBOTO OTb get<OpaTI1BHI1T-t e11e

MeHTI1 He Ci'i\, B3eTI1 np0113B011HO, a Ce HaM11paTb Bb CBpb3Ka Cb CI1MBOJ111KaTa Bb KY11Ta Ha Mbp

TBI1T-t. H-tt<o11 OTb Ttxb (Mat<bTb, 1103aTa, aMCpopaTa) HanOMH5lT'b ow,e cTap11rl KY11TOBI1 Tpag11u,1111 Ha

1<11aCI1YeCKI1T-t Hapogl1, a gpyr11 (t<pb

CT'bTb, Xp113MaTa, apxaHre1111T-t, nTI1-

LJ,11TB) CJi;, 3aeTI1 BeYe OT'b CI1MBOJ111-

t<aTa Ha xp11CT11stHCTBOTO. H11e TYKb

He MOH<eMb ga ce snyw,aMe Bb nono

gpo6HI1 o65lcHeHI15l Ha r-5311 11306pa

H<eHI15l 11 ga 113g11psaMe npo113xoga Ha

u.-tnaTa Ta311 get<opau,l15l. UJ,e 3a6-t-~--

\ 11-EH<11Mb CaMO, Ye HaH-6111131<11T-t aHa-

110fl111 611 Tp-E6sa11o ga ce g11pS1Tb He

T0111<03b Bb BCei13BtCTHI1T-t 11306pa

H<eHI1SI Ha p11MCI<I1Tt t<aTat<OM611, I<OJl·

I<OTO Bb TBbpg{; Ma111<0 n03HaTI1T-t p11-

-, . -~ - - _; ~ .___, . ·-~-~ ..

06p. 105 - IO>KHaTa crt.Ha Ha Cii'.wara rpo6HHua .

cysaHI1 rpo6H11U.11 Bb Ot<OJlHOCTbTa Ha KepYb Bb Kp11Mb, Yl1eTo nbJlHO 11 HayYHO o6HapogsaHe ce

OYat<Ba HaCt<OpO, 1) a M~H<e 611 11 Bb H-51<011 OTb nO-OJ11131<11T-t CTaporpbU,I<I1 1<0110HI111 no 6p-tra Ha

LJepHO-MOpe.

KaTo ce spbwaMe nat<b t<bMb csogecmT-t rpo6H11U.I1 np11 Cs. Coqmst, 11Ma np-tg11 BCI1YKO

ga 3a6-t11-EH<11Mb, ye Tt CbgbpH<aT'b o611t<HOBeHo no H-Et<011KO norpe6eHI15l (go wecTb ct<e11~Ta) 11 c;y;,

c11-tgosaTe11HO c;y;,w,o ¢aMI1JlHI1 rpo6H11U.11. MbpTBI1T-t c;y;, 6111111 c11araH11 Bb T-txb, t<at<T~ cf!' BI1H<ga

Hai1-go6p-b OTb 3ana3eHaTa HenOKJi;,THaTa rpo6H11u,a XVI, 611110 Bb gbpseHI1 t<OBYe311, 611110 Hanpaso

6e3b t<OBYerb, o6BI1TI1 caMo Bb gpex11. np11 Tosa ;.e ce e Cb6n10gasa11o CTporo, w,oTo r11asaTa Ha

norpe6aHI15l ga 6;y;,ge Ha 3anagb, Ma-

t<a pb TOBa nonoH<eHI1e ga 113r11e>1<ga

ga e 611110 ow,e TOrasa t<aTo npa-

811110. p;y;,u,{;T{; He CJD.. Ce Ct<pbCTBa1111

sbpxy rbpg11rl, a c;y;, c11araH11 Ha

AllbH<b t<paH T-5110TO. (;y;,~OTO H-tw,o

BaH<I1 11 3a n110CI<I1TB rpo6HI1LJ,I1.

06p. 106 - Ct.sepHaTa crt.Ha Ha cii'.wara rpo6HHua.

OCTasa Hai1-noc11-t ga Bl1gi1Mb,

t<at<BO no11omeH11e c;y;, 3aeManl1 rpa,

geHI1T-t rp06HI1LJ,11 Cnp-tMO 01<011HI15l

TepeHb, T. e. ga1111 T-t (i'i\, 6111111 3ap11-

TI1 u.tn11 Bb 3eM5lTa 111111 He. MHoro

Cbo6paH<eHI15l noKa3BaT'b, Ye T-t c;y;, 6111111 caMo YaCTI1YHO 3ap11'i-11 Bb 3eM5lTa. Tat<a Hanp. csogo

seT-t Ha noseYeTo OTb T-txb c;y;, 113Ma3aHI1 11 oTrop-t Cb 3gpasb xopocaHb, cM-tceHb Cb ro11-EMo t<o-

1111YeCTBO 4yt<aHI1 t<epaMI1gl1 H-tw,o, KOeTO egsa 1111 611 11Ma110 CMI1Cb11b, at<O rp06HI1U,I1T-t C#. 6111111

KaTo aneropH5l Ha esaHrenHeTo rn. Kraus, Reai -EncyKiopadie der christlichen F\lterthi.imer II 982 1-1 Geschichte der christlichen Kunst I 122.

1) rn. M. PocTOBUeBb, Kep4eHCKa5l neKopaTHB· Hall >KHBOnHCb, Bb >KypHallb MHHHCT. Hap, npOCBtW,

1906, orn. Knacc. <jJHnon,, 1-1 PocnHCb Kep4eHCKOH rpo6-HHUbi, OTKpblTOH Bb 1891 rony, Bb (6opHHKb Bb 4eCTb rpa<jJa A. A. 5o6pHHCKaro, 1911, CTp, 1 CJl, Ha OTilt.llHH5l OTne4aTbKb. 3a Kep4eHCKHTt rpo6HHUH cp. owe Ton c TO i1 1-1 KoHnaKOBb, Pycc Ki ~ npesHOCTH I, 2-po H3n,crp 31-34.

104 HeKpononbTb Ha UbpKsara Cs. Cocjm51

ut.m1 3aTpynaHI1 Cb npbCTb. Ocsi:.Hb TOBa Hl1e s11,o,i:.xMe, 4e Bb cso,o,a Ha rpo6H11LJ,aTa XVI e oCTaseHa

ManKa 4eTsbpT11Ta ,o,ynKa, K051TO e cny>t<11na st.po51THO ,o,a ce 113ni1BaTb npi:.3b He51 6naroyxaHI151 Bb rpo6a.

TaKasa ,o,ynKa HaM11paMe 11 Ha e,o,Ha OTb xaMeHHI1Tt. nn0411 Ha cnoMeHaTI151 no-rapt. nnocbKb rpo6b Cb

cppeCKI1Ti:., OTKp11Tb npi:.3b cpespyap11 1912 ro,o,. Ha ct.sepb OTb Hapo,o,HOTO cb6paHI1e. Ti:.311 ,o,ynKI1 GK

---- ~-- ~--- ,

06p. 107. - HaJinb}l{eHb pa3pt.3b Ha rpo6HV!uara OTb yn. lypKo.

Mornl1 ,o,a cny>t<aTb caMo

Torasa, KOraTo e 11Mano

Bb3MO>t<HOCTb ,o,a Ce OTBa

p51Tb 11 3aTsap51Tb necHo,

T. e. CaMO KOraTO Cfi'\ Ce

HaM11pan11 Ha,o,b nospbx

HOCTbTa Ha 3eM51Ta. Ha~

nocnt. o6cT051TencTBOTO, 4e

Hi:.KOI1 OTb rpo6HI1LJ,I1Ti:. CFK

611n11 CHa6,o,eHI1 OTBbHb Cb

CTFKnana, 3a ,o,a ce cn113a

Bb Ti:.xb no-necHo, noKa3-

sa, 4e Tt. e Tpt.6sano ,o,a

6FK,D,aTb neCHO ,D,OCTJKnHI1 11

cni:.,o,b norpe6eHI1eTO. 0Tb

BCI14KO TOBa Ce BI1>H,D,a, 4e

rOpH51Ta 4aCTb Ha rpo6HI1-

LI,I1TI, KaKTO Ha CBO,D,eCTI1Ti:., TaKa 11 Ha nnOCI<I1T 5, e CTbp4ana Ha,D,b 3eM51Ta. no TaKbBb Ha411Hb ce

0651CH51Ba 11 Ha~-,o,o6pt., 3aUJ,O BpaTI1Ti:. He CFK 611n11 nOCTaB51HI1 HapaBHO 11n11 6n1130 ,[1,0 llO,D,a, HO

MHOrO nO-BI1COKO OTb Hero, Cb KOeTO Ce e roHi:.na si:.p051THO LJ,i:.nbTa ,o,a MOraTb Ti:. ,o,a Ce BI1>H-

,o,aTb noHe OT4aCTI1 11 ,o,a ce OTsap51Tb no-necHo, 6e3b ,o,a ce Konae ,o,bn6oKo Bb 3eM51Ta. Pa3ni14HaTa

BI1C0411Ha nbKb, Ha K051TO ce HaM11paTb rp06HI1U11Ti:., w,e Tpi:.6sa ,o,a Ce 0651CHI1 TOrasa OT4aCTI1 Cb

HepaBHOCTI1Ti:. Ha TepeHa, OT4aCTI1

Cb TOBa, 4e Hi:.KOI1 OTb rpo6HI1-

LI,I1Ti:. CFK ce 113,0,11ran11 nose4e

Ha,D,b nOBpbXHOCTbTa, a ,o,pyr11

no-ManKo.

0THOCI1TenHO ,D,aTaTa Ha

rpo6HI1LJ,I1Ti:. 11Ma ,o,a ce 3a6t.nt.-

>t<l1, 4e Ti:. BCI14KI1 Tpi:.6sa ,o,a

np11Ha,o,ne>t<aTb Ha e,o,I1Hb cpas

H11TenHo Kfi'\Cb nep110,D,b, Tb~

KaTO 3Ha411TenHa pa3ni1Ka Bb

Ti:.XH1151 Ha411Hb Ha rpa,o,e>tt<e ,o,a

Ce 3a6i:.ni:.>t<l1. no-T04HO MO>HeMb

,o,a onp-E,o,t.ni1Mb Tosa spt.Me Cb

noMOW,bTa Ha MOHeTI1Tt.. H11e

Bl1,o,i:.xMe se4e, 4e, 6naro,o,ape

HI1e Ha HaMi:.peHI1TI Bb Ti:.Xb

,

06p. 108. - Ct.sepHara cr5Ha Ha c,v;w.ara rpo6H!-1Ua.

MOHeTI1, Hi:.Ko11 OTb rpo6HI1LJ,11Ti:. (Ill, X, XXVII-XXIX) MoraTb nono>t<I1TenHo ,o,a ce ,o,aT11paTb Bb 4eTBbpTH51

si:.Kb en. Xp., OT4aCTI1 (XI, XXVII, XXIX) MO>t<e 611 owe Bb TpeTI151 si:.Kb. KbMb CFKW,OTO 3aKmo-

4eHI1e Hl1 ,D,OBe>t<,o,aTb 11 MOHeTI1Ti:., HaMi:.peHI1 npbCHaTI1 113b HeKponona (rn. CTp. 96), 06W,aTa MaCa Ha

1<011TO npi:.KFKCBa BHe3anHO Cb 11MnepaTOpa f\pKa,D,I151 (395-408 ro,o,.). np11 CpaBHI1TenHO roni:.MOTO

--

.ilaTa Ha rpaneHHTt. rpo6HHUH npH Cs . Ca<pHS! 105

t<OJHI4eCTBO Ha MOHennt, npas1-1 sneYaTneHHe, 4e He e HaM-EpeHa HI-ITO e)J,Ha, t<051TO Aa Mome )J,a ce

npl-!ni-!We Ha neTOTO l-lnl-1 weCTOTO CTOntTI-!e. Tosa 06CT051TenCTBO He MOme )J,a ce OT)J,a)J,e npOCTO Ha

e)J,Ha cny4aHHOCTb, a w,e Tp-56Ba )J,a Ce 0651CHI-I Cb H-51<051 t<OpeHHa npoM-EHa Bb TOraBaWHOTO CbCT0-

51HI-!e Ha Het<ponona. Ta31-! npoM-EHa Mome )J,a 6JK)J,e caMo np-Et<paT51BaHeTo OTb HaYanoTo Ha neTl-151

s-Et<b Ha norpe6eHI-!51Ta Ha TOBa

MtCTo. CntAOBaTenHo BCI-!41<1-1

OT!<pi-!Tl-1 rp06HI-Il.l,l-l w,e npi-!Ha·

AnemaTb Ha Ill 1-1 IV s-bt<b.

fl..t<O TOBa 3at<nl04eHHe e

stpHo - a TO ce Hanara no

MHOrO Cb06pameHI-!51- W,e Tp-56-

Ba Aa npHeMeMb, Ye OTb HaYa

noTo Ha neTl-151 s-Et<b Henocp-EA·

CTBeHaTa Ot<OnHOCTb Ha Cs. Co

cp!-151 e np-EcTaHana Be4e )J,a

cnym1-1 3a norpe6eHH51. H Hal-1-

CTI-!Ha, cnt)J,b t<aTO TOBa M-5CTO

e cnym1-1no 3a Het<pononb Bb . npoA·bnmeHHe Ha noseYe OTb

e)J,HO CTOntTHe, TO Tp-56Ba )J,a

e 61-1no seYe TOnt<03b r.'KCTO

yct51HO Cb rpo6HHLI,I-I - Ha sct-

1<1-1 cnyyai1 Cb noseYe, OTt<On

t<OTO HaMHpaMe )J,HeCb, nOHeme

· ;o:- ...

06p. 109. - IO}!{HaTa CTt.Ha Ha C.>i<.WaTa rpo6HHua Cb spaTaTa.

MHOrO OTb nXb C.'K pa3pyweHI-I- )J,-5TO He e 61-1n0 Be4e Bb3MO}I{H0 Aa CTaBaTb TYI<b• norpe6eHI-!51 no

CJKW.l-151 Ha41-!Hb 1-1 3a Bb 6JKAall.\e. Het<pononbTb e Tp-E6sano cn-EAOBaTenHo Aa 6JKAe np-EMtcTeHb

Ha Apyro M-Ec ·o Hnl-1 noHe )J,a 6JKAe pa3wHpeHb BbHb OTb no·paHWHHT-E MY rpaHI-!l.l,l-1. Rt<o no-Aa-

06p. 110. - .ileTaH!lb OTh csona Ha c,v;waTa

rpo6HHUa.

neYHaTa Ot<OnHOCTb Ha Cs. Cocp!-151, Bb t<051TO, t<at<TO no

C041-!XMe no-rop-E (cTp. 61 en.) , ce cptw,aTb rpo6HHLI,I-I Ha

AOCTa ron-EMo pa3CT051HI-Ie, Momewe )J,a 6JKAe H3cnt)J,BaHa

C.'KW,O TbH nO)J,p06HO, TO Hl-!e 6e3b CbMH-EHI-!e 61-!XMe 61-1n1-1

Bb CbCT051HI-!e )J,a YCTaHOBI-!Mb nOnO}I{I-!TenHO, nO l<al<bBb

Ha41-!Hb ce e pa3BHBanb T031-1 o6w1-1peHb Het<pononb 1-1 1<01-1

YaCTl-1 OTb Hero CJK 61-1n1-1 Bb ynoTpt6eHHe np-E3b pa3HI-!Tt

enox1-1. 3a cera w.e ce 3a)J,OBOnHMb Aa yt<ameMb caMo Ha

TOBa, 4e Mem)J,y OT!<pi-ITI-!T-5 np-53b npon-ETbTa 1912 rOA.

rpo6HI-!l.l,l-l 3aAb HapOAHOTO Cb6paHI-!e, ot<ono 200 M. Ha

JOr0-1-13TOI<b OTb Cs. Cocp!-151, ce cptw,aTb Tat<I-!Ba , t<OI-ITO,

t<aT0-1-!MaTb BCe nat<b TBbp)J,-5 MHOrO o6w,O Cb rp06HI-!l.l,l-ln OTb

HenocptACTBeHaTa OI<OnHOCTb Ha

Ce Be4e 3Ha41-!TenHO OTb T-531-1

l.l,bpt<BaTa, pa3nH4aBaTb

nocn-EAHI-!T-5 t<at<TO no

rpaAemb, TaKa 1-1 no CTpOHTeneHb MaTepHanb, Bb t<OHTO

ron-EMa ponS! 1-1rpae 1-1 t<aMbl<bTb. Cn-EAoBaTenHo MHoro

e Bb3MOmHO t<bMb Ta31-! CTpaHa Aa ce e npOAbnmH;lb

Het<pononbTb Ha Cs. Cocp!-151 np-E3b neToTo 1-1 wecToTo cTontTl-151. nonomHTeneHb onosopb we HH

Aa)J,e CaMO no·nO)J,p06HOTO 1-13Y4BaHe Ha HOBOOT!<pi-ITI-!T-5 rpo6HHLI,I-I.

Henocp-EACTBeHaTa ot<onHOCTb Ha Cs. Cocp!-151, t<at<TO 1-1 caMaTa BJKTptwHOCTb Ha l.l,bpt<BaTa,

CJK 3ano4Hanl-l Aa cnymaTb natH•. 14

106 HeKpononbTb Ha UbpKBaTa Cs. Co<jJHil

»<aTb onHCaHHTi> no-ropi> (CTp. 88 en.) 58 o6HKHOBeHH rpo6ose. Ti> ce OTnHYaBaTb npi>AH BCHYKO no

TOBa, '-le MbpTBHTi> OK 6HnH cnaraHH Henocpi>ACTBeHO Bb 3eM51Ta Bb AbpBeHI1 KOBYe311, KOHTO npH

06p. 111. - llbnraTa crtHa Ha rpo6HHuaTa, oTI<pHTa npt.:Jb 1912 ron.

rnasaTa OK no-w11poKH H KbMb KpaKaTa nocTeneHHO ce crlcHSIBaTb, Cb KOeTo HanoMHSITb

TBbpAi> MHOrO cpopMaTa H8 CbBpi>MeHHHT"h norpe6anHH KOBYe3H. npH T038 TpynoBeTB OK 6HnH no

06p. 112. - H3TOYHaTa cri;Ha Ha c,v;waTa rpo6HHua.

rpe6saHH -- naKb KaKTO Bb ceraw

HO spi>Me - BI1HarH Cb rnasaTa

Ha JanaAb, a p~u.i>rl c~ 6HnH

CKpbCTBaHH BbpXy rbpAHTI. l) rpo-

6oserl ce HaMHpaTb OTYaCTH Bb

Henocpi>ACTBeHaTa OKOnHOCTb Ha

U.bpKBaTa, OTYaCTH Bb caMaTa H

B~Tpi>WHOCTb. 3a Aa ce HanpaBSITb

TI3H nocni>AHHTi>, Heo6xOAHMO e

6Hno Aa ce pa3san51 CTapHS!Tb nOAb

Ha Cs. CocpHS!, Bb Koi1To c~ 6HnH

OTBapS!HH HY»<HHTi> AynKH. 2) npH

pa3KOnKHTI HaBci>K~Ai>, Ai>TO no

AbTb (Ae6enH51Tb OKOno 33 CM.

nnacTb OTb KaMbHH H xopocaHb,

rn. CTp. 43) ce yKa3sawe pa3saneHb,

ce HaMHpaxa BHHarH rpo6ose. 0Tb

Apyra CTpaHa, HI1TO eAHHb rpo6b

OTb T03H BHAb He ce HaMi>pH nOAb

3ApaBHTI Mi>CTa Ha noAa. 0Tb

TOBa ce BH»<Aa, Ye rpo6oserl C~ nO-KbCHH OTb CaMaTa U.bPKBa.

I) Ta3H nonpo6HOCTb, KaKTO 1-1 cnt.nH OTb llbpse

HHrS KOB'le3H, MO)I{aXa lla ce Ha6nJOllaBaT"b npH BCH'li<H

rpo6ose, I<OHTO 6t.xa BHHMaTenHO pa3KpHTH Bb MOe npH·

CJi'\TCTBHe H I<OHTO He c,v; 6HnH pa36bpKBaHH nO·paHO-

Cb npyrH nyMH npH noseYeTo OTb rpo6oserl; Bb s,v;

Tpt.wHOCTbTa Ha UbpKBaTa. C,v;woTo Ht.mo we 1pt.6sa na npHeMeMb no aHanOfHSI H· 3a OCTaHaflHTt. OT"b Tt.Xb.

~) MHoro6poi1HH norpe6eHHSI Bb caMaTa s;r;Tpt.w-

.D.aTa Ha KbCHHTt rpo6ose 107

noseYeTO OTb npt.AMennt., HaMt.peH¥1 Bb rt.3Y1 rpo60Be, Me>I<AY KOY1TO npt.o6Jla,[l,aBaTb 3JlaTHY1,

cpe6bpHY1 11 6pOH30BY1 npbCTeH¥1, He Hl-1 ,[l,aBaTb XapaKrepH¥1 Bb XpOHOJlOrY1YeCKO OTHOWeHY1e yKa3aHY1Sl.

np¥1 BCe TOBa npY16JlY13Y1Te!lHaTa ,[l,ara noHe Ha o6w,ara MaCa OTb rpo6osert. MO>I<e ,[l,a Ce Onpt.,!l,t.Jl¥1

Cb nOMOW,bTa Ha HaMt.peHY1Tt. Bb Ht.K0¥1 OTb rt.Xb MOHeT¥1. Hai:1-crapara OTb Tt.3Y1 MOHeT¥1 e 6pOH-

30BY1SlTb eK3eMnmpb orb VlsaHa U1-1MY1CXY1 (969-976 rOAY1Ha) orb rpo6a 23. Cnt.Ab rosa Y1Ae eAY1Hb

Cb~HY1reneHb 6poH30Bb eK3eMnmpb orb f\H,!l,pOHY1Ka I KoMHeHb (1222-1235 r.), HaMt.peHb Bb eAY1Hb

orb rpo6osert. Ha ct.sepHara crpaHa Ha ~bpKBara (NQ 44-56). C1-1rypHY1 C.¥- ow,e eAY1Hb cpe6bpeHb

rpOWb OTb MY1XaY1llb WY1wMaHa (1323-1330 ro,!J,.) OTb rpo6a 7 Y1 e,[l,Y1Hb OTb cpb6CKY1Sl Kpa!lb na3apS!

(1377-1389 rOA.) Orb rpo6a 14. CbMHY1TellHY1 C.¥- eAY1Hb cpe6bpeHb rpowb orb VIs. RneKCaHApa

(1331-1365 r.) orb rpo6a 6 1-1 eAY1Hb orb Cre¢aHb ,IJ,ywaHa (1331-1355 r.) orb rpo6a 37. Heonpt.·

AMeH¥1 ocrasarb e,[l,Ha cpe6bpHa 1-1 ABt. 6poH30BH MOHer¥1 Orb rpo6oaert. 14, 21 H 43. Karo ce C.¥-A¥1 no

rt.31-1 MOHeT¥1, rpo6osert. rpt.6sa Aa npoY13XO>I<AaTb HaH-Ma!lKO orb KpaS! Ha X AO KpaS! Ha XIV st.Kb.

np1-1 rosa rpt.6sa Aa ce npY1eMe, ye norpe6eHY1S!Ta C.¥- ce 3anoYHa!lY1 ga>1<e no-paHo, Hai:1-ManKo orb

HaYanoro Ha X st.Kb, noHe>l<e np1-1 ront.Mara pt.AKOCTb Ha MOHer1-1rt. He e st.poS~rHO, Ye cMe nonaA

Ha!l¥1 Ha e,[l,Ha (VlsaHb UY1MY1CXY1), KOS!ro Aa ce e cnyYI1lla TbKMO Bb eAY1Hb orb Hai:1-crap1-1rt. rpo6ose.

npt.,!l,l-1 ,[l,a CBbpWY1Mb Ta3Y1 rnaBa Ht.Ma ,[l,a 6.¥-,!J,e Y13!1Y1WHO ,[l,a ,[l,a,[l,eMb CnY1CbKb Ha rpa,!l,eHY1Tt,

rp06HY1~Y1 Y1 Ha rp060sert. Bb XpOHOJlOrY1YeCKY1 pe,!l,b , TaKa KaKTO rt. C.¥- 6¥1!111 OTKpY1BaHI1 Y1 OnY1CBaHY1

Bb AHeBHY1Ka Ha pa3KonKY1rt.. Bb T03Y1 cnY1CbKb naTY1HCKY1rt. ~1-1¢p1-1 03HaYaBarb HOMepa Ha rpo6HY1-

~ara no nnaHa Ha ra6n. IX, a apa6CKY1rt. - HOMepa Ha rpo6a. CapKo¢a3Y1rt. C.¥- 03HaYeHY1, Kai<TO

Y1 no-ropt. Bb reKCTa, Cb MallKY1 JlaTY1HCKY1 6yKBY1 .

naTa rpo6H HUH, rpo6o se H cap~<o<j>a3H

27 10!11-1 1910 r. (',

28 XXVIII.

31 XXVI.

2 asrycrb d.

3 XXVII.

4 I, Ill.

9 II; 1-3.

10-11 IV, V; 44-56.

13 XXXIII.

14 XXXI , XXXII; 58. 16 57. 17 XXIX, XXX.

22 cenreMBp¥1 XXXIV. 25 9.

28 4. 29 VIII.

4 OKTOMBp¥1 41-43.

HOCTb Ha UbpKBaTa HaMHpaMe OWe Bb R6o6a, Bb TbH

HapeYeHaTa nsopuosa UbpKsa (rn. yf3stCTiSI pyeeK. ap

xeon. HHeTHT. Bb KOHeTaHTHHonont X, 1905, 97- 101). (,v;wo H Bb npyrH UbpKBH HaMHpa Me T03H 06 H'laH, Hanp.

naTa

5 OKTOMp¥1 1910 r.

6

8

14

15

16

18

19

23

27

28

29

30

1 HOeMBp¥1 ,

2

5

6

rpo6 HHUH , rpo6ose H capKO<j>a3H

IX.

XXIV, XXV.

40.

XXIII.

13-18.

XIX.

10.

XVIII; 11. XX.

19. XVII; 12.

20.

28, 29.

7.

26, 27.

8.

XIII; 24, 25.

Bb Cs . .ilHM HTbpb H Bb Cs. 4 eTHpHneeeTb Bb TbpHoso

(rn. M . MoeKOBb, Pa3KOnKHTt. Bb YepKOBHTt. Cs . .D.H

MHTpH H H Cs . 4eTHpHneeeTb, 6 H6n. Ha B. TbpHOBeKOTO

apxeon . npy>t<. N2 2, TbpHoso 1912, eTp. 8 en. H 21 en .).

14•

108 HeKpononbTb Ha ubpKBaTa Cs. CocpH51

naTa rpo6HHUH, rpo6ose naTa rpo6HHUH, rpo6ose H capKocpa3H H captwcpa3H

10 HOeMBpH 1910 r. b. 27 HOeMBpH 1910 r. 31-34, 38.

11 X, XI. 29 XIV, XV, XXI, XXII.

12 VII, XVI. 30 37.

15 35. 2 IJ,eKeMBpH 5, 6.

17 36. 8 OI<TOMBpH 1911 r. XII.

22 VI, 21-23 3 AeKeMBpH a.

26 30, 39.

06p. 113. - Crapara MlnpononHII Bb MeceMBpHS! cnopenb enHa pHCYHKa OTb 1829 ron. ' J

rnABA V

.F\pXHTeKTypHO-HCTOpH4eCKHTt npo6neMH

Cni>Ab KaTo ce 3ano3HaxMe noAp06Ho KaKTO Cb caMaTa Ll,bpKBa Cs. Cocp!-151, TaKa 1-1 Cb Apy

rVITi> nOCTpOi1KI-1 H npi>AMeTI-1, OTKpVITI-1 npl-1 pa3KOnKI-1Ti>, MO>t<eMb cera Aa npVICTJKnHMb KbMb pa3-

rne>t<AaHeTO Ha OHi>31-1 BbnpOCI-1, KOVITO CaMO w,e 6JKAaTb Bb CbCT051HI-1e Aa Hl-1 Y51CH51Tb 3Ha4eHI-1eTO Ha

Ll,bpKBaTa KaTo apXV!TeKTypeHb naMeTHVIKb 1-1 Hei1HOTO Mi:>cTO Bb VICTOp1-151Ta Ha I-13KYCTBOTO. Ti>31-1

Bbnpoc!-1 V!MaTb OT4acm xpoHonorl-14eHb, OT4acm cpopManHo-apxV!TeKTypeHb xapaKTepb. Pa3pi>wasa

HeTO KaKTO Ha eAHVITi> TaKa 1-1 Ha Apyr1-1r6 He 611 npi>ACTaB51no oco6HVI TPYAHOCTI-1, aKo HV!e npV!Te>t<a

saxMe CVIrypHI-1 AaHHI-1 3a spi>MeTO, KOraTo e 61-1na CbrpaAeHa Ll,bpKBaTa, 1-1 aKo caMaTa noCTpoi1Ka He

61-1 Ce TaKa pi>3KO OTnl-14aBana OTb BCI-14KO TOBa, KOeTO AOCera Hl-1 e I-13Bi>CTHO OTb Ll,bpKOBHaTa ap

XV!TeKTypa Ha 6anKaHCKI-151 nonyoCTpOBb. TbKMO n1-1ncaTa Ha Ti>31-1 ycnOBI-151 npas1-1 oco6Ho TPYAHa Ha

waTa 3aAa4a.

Ha nbpso Mi:>cTo w.e Tpi>6sa Aa ce cnpeMb Bbpxy Bbnpoca 3a AaTaTa Ha Cs. CO<pl-151, Koi1TO

BV!Hafl-1 Cb OC06Ha HaCTOi141-1BOCTb Ce e Hanaranb Ha BCI-141<1-1, KOVITO CJK Ce 3aHV!MaBan!-1 Cb Ll,bpi<BaTa,

6e3b Aa e MOrnO Aa ce AOHAe AOCera AO Hi:>KaKBO OKOH4aTenHO 3aKnt04eHI-1e. no Ta31-1 np1-141-1Ha Ha

T031-1 BbnpOCb w,e Tpi>6Ba Aa 06bpHeMb OC06HO BHV!MaHV!e, KaTO B3eMeMb npi>Ab BV!Ab 1-1 nereHAVITi>

3a Cbrpa»<AaHeTo Ha Cs. Cocpl-151, KOH ro, 1<a1<TO w.e BVIAVIMb, He CJK n1-1weHI-1 OTb I-13Bi>CTHa VICTOpl-14e

cKa OCHOBa.

1) C. Sayger et f\. Desarnod, f\lbum d'un voyage en Turquie fait par ordre de Sa Majeste l'empereur Ni colas 1er en 1829 et 1830, Paris, 6eJb nara Ha HJna -

HHero, ra6n. XXI. KbMb TOJH an6yMb e HJnaneHb aHo· HHMeHb reKCTb nonb JarnasHe Relation d'un voyage en Romelie, Paris 1834, 184 crp. 8".

110 f\pxHTeKrypHO·HCTOpH'ieCKHTt. npo6neMH

Bb HaH-T"ECHa Bpb3Ka Cb ,ll,aTaTa Ha U,bpKBaTa Ce HaMHpaTb H BbnpooHt 3a MtCTOTO Ha

Ce. Co¢Hst Bb pa3BHTHeTO Ha apxHTeKTypaTa H11H, Cb .D.pyrH .D.YMH, 3a npOH3XO>K.D.eHHeTo Ha Hei:fHHTt.

¢opMH H 3a CpO,Il,CTBOTO Cb nO,Il,06HHTt HeH naMeTHHU,H. f\KO OTb e,ll,Ha CTpaHa e etpHO, 4e CaMHTi;

apXHTeKTypHH ¢opMH Ha U,bpKBaTa C~ Bb CbCTOSIHHe ,11,a Hl-1 ,ll,OBe,ll,aTb, 4pt3b pe,ll,HU,a cpaBHeHHSI , ,11,0

Hei:fHaTa ,ll,aTa , TO He no-MaJlKO etpHO e OTb ,11,pyra CTpaHa, 4e ,ll,aTaTa, aKO TSl MO>Ke ,ll,a Ce ycTaHOBH

no ,11,pyrb Ha4HHb, w,e HH nOC04H HaH-,Il,06pt, K~,ll,t, Tpt6sa ,ll,a TbpCHMb npOH3XO>K,Il,eHHeTO Ha Tt3H

¢opMH. ETO 3aw,o HHe w,e ce onHTaMe npt.D.H BCH4KO ,11,a onptAtnHMb ,ll,aTaTa Ha Cs. Co¢Hst Bb3b

OCHOBa Ha MaTepHaJla , KOHTO HH ,11,aea CaMaTa U,bpKBa, 6e3b ,11,a npH6trsaMe ,11,0 cpaBHeHHSI Cb ,11,pyrH

n0,11,06HH naMeTHHU,H. [,ll,sa CJlt,ll,b TOBa w,e BH,Il,HMb, ,11,a11H ,ll,06HTHSITb OTb HaCb pe3yJ1TaTb w,e Ce

nOTBbp,ll,H H npH cpasHeHHeTo Cb APYrH naMeTHHU.H OTb c~w,aTa enoxa.

1. ilarara Ha Cs. Co¢1151

HHUJ,O MO>Ke 6H He e TaKa xapaKTepHO 3a OHOBa H3K11104HTeJ1HO nOJlO>KeHHe, KOeTO 3aeMa

co¢Hi1cKaTa Ce. Co¢Hst Bb pa3BHTHeTo Ha apxHTeKrypaTa, KaKTO rontMOTO pa311H4He Ha MHtHHstTa

3a HeHHaTa ,ll,aTa. HaHCTHHa, Tt.3H MHtHHSI C~ H3Ka3BaHH BHHarH MHMOXO,Il,OMb, 6e3b ,ll,a ce pa3rne>K

,Il,aTb noHe Hai:f- Ba>KHHTt. OTb Cb06pa>KeHHSITa, BbpXy KOHTO 6H MOr110 ,11,a Ce 6a3Hpa ,ll,aTHpaHeTO Ha

U,bpKBaTa . npH BCe TOBa, 06CTOSITeJ1CTBOTO, 4e npH ,ll,aTHpaHeTO Ce SlBSIBa e,ll,HO KOJ1e6aHHe OTb 5-6 Bt.Ka, nOKa3Ba, KaKBa ront.Ma Heonpt,ll,tJleHOCTb BJla,ll,te OUJ,e npH HCTOpH4eCKaTa r.ptu,tHKa Ha

e,ll,HHb TaKbBb 3Ha4HTeJ1eHb, HO Bb C~UJ,OTO spt.Me H3011HpaHb apXHTeKTypeHb naMeTHHKb, KaKbBTO

e Cs. Co¢Hst.

Hai:f-paHO, a HMeHHO ow,o Bb IV H11H V stKb, ,ll,aTHpa u,bpKBaTa E. C n p oCT p a H o s b, 1)

KaTO Ce n030BaBa H3KJ1104HTeJ1HO Ha HaMtpeHHTt. Bb HeHHaTa OKOJlHOCTb MOHeTH. Tt3H nocnt

,ll,HHTt. o6a4e HtMaTb Bb cny4aSl 3Ha4eHHe, TbH KaTO He Ce HaMHpaTb Bb HHKaKBa Bpb3Ka Cb U,bp

KBaTa, nopa.D.H KOeTo H Ha caMoTo ,ll,aTHpaHe nHncsa H HaH-ManKaTa y6t.D.HTeJ1HOCTb. KaTo HaH·

nonynstpHo MO>Ke ,11,a ce noC04H MHtHHeTo, 4e U.bpKBaTa e 6Hna Cbrpa,ll,eHa npt3b VI st.Kb H11H no

T04HO Bb BptMeTO Ha toCTHHHaHa (527-565 r0,11,.), KOeTO Ce nO,Il,,l,bp>Ka H OTb BH,Il,HH y4eHH no

CTapoxpHCTHSIHCKOTO H3KYCTBO. ~) 06a4e H 3a TOBa ,ll,antpaHe He C~ 6H11H H3TbKHan1 ,ll,Ocera y6t,.

,ll,tnenHH apryMeHTH. MHoro nO-KbCHO, a HMeHHO 4aKb KbMb X-XI st.Kb, noCTaBSl u,bpKBaTa M. C n e

pa H c K i i:f, 6e3b ,11,a noco4Ba KaKBHTO H ,11,a 6H110 MOTHBH. 3) K. VI p e 4 e K b c~w,o e 6Hnb HaKJlOHeHb

,11,a npHeMe no-paHo KaTo Hai:f-stpostTHa ,11,aTa Ha u,bpKBaTa XI-XIV CTontTHst, 4} o6a4e nO-KbCHO ce

OTKa3Ba ,ll,a ¢HKCHpa KaKBaTO H ,ll,a 6H110 ,ll,aTa. ~

[,ll,HHCTBeHHSITb, KOHTO ce e OnHTaJlb ,ll,OCera ,11,a 060CHOBe no Hay4eHb Ha4HHb CBOeTO MHtHHe

3a ,ll,aTaTa Ha Cs. Co¢Hst, e F\. n p 0 T H 4 b, 4HHTO 3aKJ1104eHHSl no Ta3H npH4HHa w,e Tpt6ea ,ll,a pa3·

rne,11,aMe no-no,11,po6Ho. n) KaTo oCTaBSl Ha CTpaHa BCJ.14KH .D.pyrH Cb06pa>KeHHSl, rnaBH'> Tt.3H OTb apxe·

OJ10rH4eCKH xapaKTepb, KOHTO 6HXa MOrJlH ,ll,a HH nOMOrHaTb npH Onpt,ll,i;JlSIHeTO Ha ,ll,aTaTa, npo

TH4b Ce CnHpa H3KJ1104HTeJ1HO BbpXy apXHTeKTOHH4eCKaTa ¢opMa Ha U,bpKBaTa, OC06HO BbpXy Ha411Ha

3a ysenl14eHHeTo Ha anTapHaTa 4aCTb, H pa3rne>K,Il,a Bbnpoca OTb 4HCTO ¢opMa11HO rne,ll,HUJ,e. Toi:f

H311H3a OTb H3BtCTHH CXOACTBa Me>K.D.Y nnaHa Ha Cs. Co¢1151 11 nnaHoseTt. Ha HtKOH poMaHCKI1 u,bpKBH

Bb 3ana,ll,Ha Espona - CXO,Il,CTBa, K011TO npt,11,11 BCH4KO Ce H3pa3SIBaTb Bb ¢opMaTa Ha JlaTI1HCKI1

KpbCTb, ,ll,a,ll,eHa Ha nJlaHa, H Bb TbH Hapt4eHI1Sl KBa,ll,paTeHb CXeMaTH3bMb - 11 ,ll,OXa>K,Il,a ,11,0 3aKJ110-

I) C6opH. Ja Hap. yMOTB. XXII XXIII, 1906 7, 29. 2) Laurent, Bull . de corresp. hellen. XXII, 1898,

561 ; Strzygowski , Oesterr. Rundschau Ill, 1905, 16t KbMb TOBa MHt.HHe ce npHCC enHHH H aBTOpbTb Ha Ha· cTOSIUlaTa I<HHra ; rn. Jahrbuch des deutschen archaeol. lnstit. XXVI , 1911 , F\nzeiger 361. (N;UIOTO MHt.HHe e Bb3· npHenb H To pH bOBb, CnHc. Ha HH»<eH .·apxHT. npy»<. VI , 1901, 128.

:l) f\pxeonOfH'ieCI<i SI H3Bt.CTiSI H 3aMt.TI<H, H3naB. MocHOBCH. apxeon. o6Uiecrs. VI , 1898, 53.

~) Die Heerstrasse von Belgrad nach Constantinepel, crp. 91.

:,) nN;TyBaHHSI no 6unrapHS1, CTp. 14. tl) f\pXHTei<TOHH'ieCI<aTa <flopMa Ha CO<fJHHCI<aTa

Ubpt<Ba Cs. Co<fJHSI, crp. 99-105.

no-CTapH onHTH 3a narHpaHero Ha Cs. Cocjm51 111

YeHI1e, Ye Cs. Cocpi-151 e nocrpoeHa nOAb BI11151HI1eTo Ha poMaHeKara apx11Te1<rypa 11 Ye no ra311 np1-1-

'-111Ha TSI He Mo>+<e Aa ee Aan1pa no HI1KOK HaYI1Hb npi:.A11 IX si:.Kb, TbK Karo e,[l,Ba npi:.3b rosa spi:.Me

ce no51B515aTb 3a npbBb ni'i'.Tb Bb 3ana,[l,Ha Espona BbnpoeH11Ti:. oeo6HoeTI1. 8b3b oeHoBa Ha Apyrl1 BTO

poereneHH11 ebo6pa>+<eHI151 TOK np11eMa, Ye U,bpt<Bara rpi:.6sa Aa e 611na noerpoeHa l<bMb XI 11n11 XII

Bi:.l<b, KaTO 0651eH51Ba 3ana,[l,HOTO BJII151HI1e Ypi:.3b 1<pbeTOHOeHI1Ti:. nOX0,[1,11.

f\1<0 na>+<e ,[l,onyeHeMb, Ye Hal1eTI-1Ha exo,[l,eTBOTO Ha Cs. Cocp1151 eb poMaHeKI1Ti:. U.bpi<B11 e

TaKa roni:.MO, l<ai<TO np11eMa npOTI1 '-Ib, 11 ye TOBa eXO,[l,eTBO He 611 MOriiO ,[l,a ee 0651eH11 no Apyrb

HaYI1Hb, OeBi:.Hb Ypi:.3b Henoepi:.,[J,eTBeHO BJII151HI1e OTb 3ana,[J,b, Bee nal<b 1136paH1151Tb OTb np0TI1Ya

Ha'-111Hb 3a ,[l,aT11paHe 611 11Manb roni:.Ma MeTOA11YHa rpi:.w1<a. Ubp!<OBHara apx11reKrypa Bb Op11eHTa

11 Ta311 Bb 3ana,[l,Ha Espona ee pa3BI1BaTb np11 ebBbpweHo pa3I111YHI1 yenOBI151 , KOI1TO npi:.AI13B11l<BaTb

11 pa3JII1'-IHI1 pe3ynraT11 - KonKOTO noseye ee OT,[l,aneYaBaMe OTb nbpB11Ti:. spi:.MeHa Ha xp11eTI151HeTBOTO,

TOJII<03b 11 Ti:.311 pa3JII141151 eTaBaTb Bee no-YyBeTBI1TeJIHI1. np11 TOBa, 6naro,[J,apeHI1e Ha pa3I111YHI1Ti:.

yeJIOBI151, 113Bi:.eTHI1 apX11Tel<rypH11 cpopM11, 1<011TO HaM11paMe Ha e,[l,HO Mi:.eTO no-paHO, MOraTb ,[l,a ee

n051BaTb Ha Apyro Mi:.eTO MHOrO nO-KheHO, 611n0 Ypi:.3b eaMoeT051TeJIHO pa3B11THe, 611JIO Ypi:.3b

BbHWHO Bnl1stHI1e. Ero 3aw,o MeTOAI1YeeKI1 ebsei:.Mb norpi:.weHo e, Aa ee Aar11pa eA11Hb apX11TeKry

peHb naMeTH11l+<eHI151 l<aTO

npbBb oni1Tb 3a HayYHOTO ,[l,aT11paHe Ha Cs. Cocp1151, A0611TI151Tb OTb Hero pe3ynraTb He e YAOBJie

TBOp11TeneHb.

neeHO 611 611n0 ,[l,a ee ,[J,OI<a>He, ,[l,a>He Bb3b oeHOBa eaMO Ha apX11Tei<TOHei<I1Ti:. cpOpM11 Ha U,bp

I<BaTa, Ye Cs. Cocp1151 He 611 Morna Aa AaT11pa OTb TOJII<03b KbeHo spi:.Me, OTb XI 11n11 XII croni:.THF'.

npi:.Ab BI1,[J,b o6aye Ha TOBa, Ye Hl1e pa3nonaraMe eb MHOrO n0-e11rypH11 cpa!<T11, OTI<OJII<OTO Ti:.311 cpop

MaJIHI1 ebo6pa>HeHI-<51, Hi:.Ma ,[l,a ee en11paMe noBeYe Bbpxy Ti:.Xb. 1) He!<a BI1,[1,11Mb npi:.AI1 Bel-1 '-11<0, Kai<BO

Hl1 yYaTb pa3l<Oni<I1Ti:. 3a ,[l,aTaTa Ha U,bp!<BaTa.

Cs. Cocp1151 Mo>+<e Aa e 611na ebrpa,!l,eHa eaMo eni:.Ab pa3pywaBaHeTo Ha sropara u,bp!<Ba eb

ropH1151 M03ai1YeHb nO,[l,b OTb HaYaJIOTO Ha neTI151 Bi:.l<b (rn. erp. 58), T. e. eb Apyrl1 AYMI1 He no

paHO OTb Bropara nonos11Ha Ha ei'i'.W.I151 Bi:.l<b. Orb Apyra erpaHa KbeHI1Ti:. rpo6ose Bb Cs. Cocp1151,

,[l,aT11paHI1 Bb X-XIV si:.Kb, 3a I<011TO e 611nb pa3BaJI51Hb no,[l,bTb Ha u,bp!<BaTa, noKa3BaTb, Ye Ta311

noeni:.AHSITa HaK-KbeHo npi:.3b X Bi:.l<b rpi:.6sa seye Aa e ei'i'.w,eeTBysana. Ti:.311 Kpai1HI1 rpaH11U.11 MO

raTb ow.e Aa ee eri:.eHSITb. KonKOTO pa3I111YHI1 11 Aa ei'i'. MHi:.HI151Ta 3a ,[l,aTaTa Ha Cs. Cocp11S1, HI1Kora

He e 11MaJIO ebMHi:.HI1e BbpXy TOBa, Ye T51 He e 611na eTpOeHa Bb 6bnrapei<O Bpi:.Me. Vi Hal1eTI1Ha

naMeTH11U,I1Ti:., 1<011TO 11MaMe 3a erap06bnrapet<aTa apX11Tei<Typa, Ma!<apb 11 ,[l,a ei'i'. TBbpAi:. Oel<i'i'.,[l,H11

3a eAHO no-noApo6Ho epaBHeHI1e 11 Aa npo113XO>+<AaTb npi:.11Myw.eeTBeHo OTb nO-KbeHo spi:.Me, 2) see

nal+<a 11 no apX11Te~<rypHa 3aMI1ebilb ra1<asa rpaMa,[l,Ha pa3JII1Ka

1) 3a na nom<ptnH cso51 Bb3rnenb, nporH'lb H3-

Ka3sa HtKOH TBbpJleHH51, KOHTO He OHOBap51Tb HanbnHO

Ha cpaKTHTt. TaKa Hanp . TBbpneHHero (crp. 1G1), 'le .. caMo

Bb 3anaL!HHTt, H306WO KaTOflH'leCKHTt CTpaHH, UbpKOB

HaTa apXHTeKrypa HMa CTporo H CaMOCT051TenHO H3L!Hf

H8Tb Hanpt'leHb KOpo6b" - TBbpL!eHHe, KOeTO Bb no

HOBO · sptMe ce nonubpmawe H OTb F\. R-i e. g I (Zur Ent

stehung der altchristlichen Ba silika , Bb Jahrbuch der K.

K. Zentrai-Kommission, Neue Folge I, 1903, 216 3a6. 2)

- ce onposeprasa OTb no-HOBHTt HaXuL!K'-1, KOHTO no

Ka3BaTb, 'le Hanpt4HH51Tb Kopa6b ce e pa3BHnb owe

TBbpnt paHo H Bb OpHeHra (XHepanonHCb, CaMorpaKe,

Caranacocb H np. ; rn . no-nont Bb rna sa V 3). Or<JaCTH

HestpHo e H TBbpneHHero (crp . 102), '-le nHncara Ha eM

nopH 61-1no Htwo MHOro ptnKo Bb BH3aHTH51 H Mana

FI3H51. 3a .. BH 3a HTH51" rosa Htwo e npaso . o6a'-le eMno

pHrt nHnCBaTb nO'lTH BHHarH Bb ManOa3H51TCKHTt Ubp

KBH H T83H flHnca CbCTCIBSI enHa OTb OCOOHOCTHTl:' HMb,

nO KOHTO Tt Ce OTflH'laBaTb OTb BH3aHTHi:icKHTt. (bBbp

WeHO norptWHO e TBbpL!eHHeTO (crp. 102), 'le KpbCTaTHrt CBOJlOBe 6HnH He H3TO'leHb, a 3ananeHb Ha'-IHHb

Ha 3aCBOJl51BaHe H 'le Ha H3TOKb, Bb BH 3a HTH51 H Mana

F\ 3H51, 3a CBOJl51 Ba HeTO Ha UbpKOBHHrt nocTpOHKH 6HnO

uHnHHL!pl-1'-leCKO. BtpHo e caMo , <Je Bb OpHeHra KpbCTa

THSITb CBOJlb HHKOfa He e JlOCTHfHanb TaKOBa p83BHTHe,

KaKBOTO e HManb Bb fOTH'leCKI-151 CTHflb Ha 3anaL!b.

~) Ha nbpso Mtcro 61-1 rpt6sano na cnoMeHeMb

rontMara 6a3HnHKa Bb F\6o6a (vbstcri11 pyccK. apxeon.

HHCTHT Bb KoHcraHTHHonont X, 1905, 104-148), '-11-i!HO

nara o6a'-!e He e cHrypHa. Orb no-KbCHO sptMe rnas

HHTt naMeTHHUH elf.. Cs. llHMHTbpb H Cs. '-lerHpHnecerb

Bb TbpHOBO, a TaKa Clf..WO H pa3KOnaHaTa HanocntJlbKb

MOHaCTHpCKa UbpKBa Bb MtCTHOCTbTa narneiiHa npH

nptcnaBb. 3a H<aflOCTb 3a na3eHH Clf.. CbBCtMb ManKO na

MeTHHUH, OC06HO OTb nbpBOTO 6bnrapCKO uapCTilO, na

H Tt OWe CbBCtMb He Clf.. H3CntnB8HH.

1 \

112 F\pXHTeKTypHO·HCTOpHYeCKHTi; npo6JJeMH

Bb cpasHeHI1e Cb Cs. Co<P11S!, A-Ero no HI1KO?i Ha411Hb He e Bb3MO»<HO ,[l,a ce np11n11we ra311 noc11-E,1J,·

HSITa nocrpo?lt<a Ha 6b11rapct<oro sp-EMe. C11-EAOBaTe11HO H-EMa HI1Kat<so CbMH-EH11e, 4e TSl e 61111a Cb

rpa,[J,eHa np-E3b sp-EMe Ha Bl13aHTI1HCKOTO B11a,IJ,I14ecrso Bb Co<P11Sl, 611110 np-EA11 np-Es3eMaHero Ha

rpa,[J,a OTb KpyMa Bb 809 ro,IJ,., 611110 c11-E,1J,b na,[l,aHeTo Ha nbpsoro 6bnrapct<o uapcrso OTb 1018 AO

1186 ro,D,. Brop1151Tb nep110.D.b rp-E6sa ,D,a ce 113KJJI0411, noHe»<e Ubpt<sara, t<at<TO B11.D.-ExMe OTb HaM-E

peH11T-E Bb HeSl rpo6ose, e ctKw,ecrsysa11a HaH-KbCHO Bb ,IJ,eceTI1Sl s-Et<b. CaM11r-E rpo6ose ,[l,a»<e no

Ka3BaTb, 4e TSl rpi;6sa ,D,a e Cbrpa,D,eHa 3Ha411Te11HO no-paHO, TbH KaTO np11 C110>t<HOTO ycrpOHCTBO Ha

HeHHI1Sl nO,IJ,b (rn. crp. 43) He e s-EpoS!THO, ye Hact<opo cn-E,D,b Cbrpa»<,D,aHero 11 CIK 3ano4Ha1111 ,D,a

pa3Ba11S!Tb T0311 no,IJ,b, 3a ,IJ,a norpe6sarb Bb Hel'l. Ocrasa Hl1 C11-E,D,osare11HO ,D,a np11eMeMb, ye TSl e 61111a

Cbrpa,D,eHa np-E.D.11 np-Es3eMaHero Ha Coq,1151 OTb KpyMa Bb 809 ro,D,. 1)

Orb t<a3aHoro AO ryt<b crasa S!BHO, Ye Cs. Coq,11Sl e Morna ,D,a 671'\,D,e nocrpoeHa caMo Bb

npo,[J,b11»<eHI1e Ha rp11r-E cro11-ET11Sl OTb t<paS! Ha neTI1Sl AO t<paS! Ha OCMI1Sl s-Et<b. Ocrasa Hl1 cera ,[l,a

BI1,D,11Mb, ,D,a1111 11MaMe ,D,OCTaTb4HO yt<a3aHI1Sl, 3a ,D,a onpi;,D,t,1111Mb nO-T04HO HeHHaTa ,D,aTa.

nbpBOTO yt<a3aHI1e Hl1 ,[l,aBa CTp011TeJlHI1S!Tb Marep11a11b. Kat<TO TYX1111T-E, TaKa 11 xopocaHbTb

Ha Cs. Coq,1151 ce cxo>t<,IJ,aTb Hanb11HO Cb r-E311 Marep11a1111 OTb Apyrl1 nocrpo?it<l1 y HdCb, t<OI1TO Cb

ro11-EMa s-EpoS!THOCTb ce np11n11csarb Ha IOCT11HI1aHosara enoxa, l<aro X11capct<ara t<p-EnoCTb Bb n11oB

AI1BCKO 11 Hai1-crap11T-E 4aCTI1 OTb t<p-EnocTbTa Bbpxy X11cap11bt<a Bb KJOcTeH,IJ,I111b.~) CtKw,o 11 no xa

pat<repb Ha rpa,D,e»<a Cs. Coq,1151 cro11 TBbp.D.-E 6111130 AO X11capct<ara t<p-EnoCTb, Bbnp-Et<11 nb11HOTO

pa31111411e Bb np-EAHa3Ha4eHI1ero Ha r-E311 AB-E nocrpo11t<l1. E.D.sa1111 11Ma APYfb naMeTHI1Kb y HaCb,

KOHTO Bb rosa OTHoweHI1e ,[l,a not<a3sa T011K03b ro11-EMo CXO.D.CTBO Cb Cs. Co<P11Sl, t<at<TO IO>t<Hara

spara Ha X11capct<ara t<p-EnoCTb, TbH Hape4eHI1T-E ,KaMI11111" (o6p . 114).n) VI rytt<b Bb W11p01<11 n110CKOCTI1, C/KW,aTa 1111nca Ha Kai<B11TO 11 ,D,a 611110 npoq,111111, C/KW,I1ri; npo

CTI1 1111HI111, 1<011TO CbCTaBS!Tb OT1111411Te11H11T-E 4epT11 11 Ha rpa,D,e»<a Ha Cs. Coq,I1Sl. np11 TOBa 11 Ha

,D,Bi;Tt, M-ECTa HaM11paMe n011yt<p1Kfl111n HI1W11, ynorpi;6eHI1 no C/KW,I1Sl Ha411Hb KaTO e,D,I1HCTBeHO cpi;,D,

CTBO 3a O>t<I1BS!BaHe Ha W11p0t<I1T-E n110CI<OCTI1 Ha CT-EH11n.

Ow,e n0-r011-EMO 3Ha4eHI1e 11Ma 3a HaCb nb11HOTO CXO,IJ,CTBO Me»<.D.Y Ha411HI1Tt,, no 1<011TO C/K

HanpaseHI1 no,D,oser-E Ha Cs. Coq,1151 11 Ha no-crapara Ubpt<sa Ha HeHHOTO M-Ecro OTb Ha4a110TO Ha

V s-Et<b (r11. crp. 43 11 53). Co1111,D,Hara no,D,110»<t<a Ha no,IJ,a, CbCTOSlw,a ce OTb n11aCTb p-E4HI1 t<aMbHI1,

Bbpxy KOHTO c11-E.D.Ba ,IJ,e6e11b n11acTb OTb Sll<b xopocaHb Cb t<epaMI1,1J,I1, e 61111a BI1Harl1 Heo6xO,IJ,I1Ma,

Koraro no,IJ,bTb e rp-E6sa110 ,D,a 6tK.D.e not<p11Tb Cb M03al1t<a, t<at<TO e c11y4a51Tb np11 Ubpt<Bara OTb V

B-Et<b. np11 Cs. Coq,I1Sl, Mat<apb nO,IJ,bTb Be4e ,D,a He e 11Ma11b M03ai1Ka OTb Ape6HI1 KaMb4eTa, 3ana-

3eHa e ctKw,ara nO,ll,JlO»<t<a . Tosa H-Ew,o not<a3Ba, Ye ,D,BaTa no,D,a He Morarb ,D,a 6tK,D,aTb MHoro or,D,a-

11e4eHI1 no sp-EMe, noHe»<e no-KbCHO, Koraro M03ai14HI1S!Tb nO,D,b e 11311-E3b11b OTb ynorp-E6eHI1e, 113·

1111WHa e 61111a Be4e Tat<aBa C01111,ll,Ha nO,IJ,JlO>t<Ka, I<OS!TO ,[J,i;ikTBI1TeJ1HO He Ce cpi;w,a Bb nO-I<bCHI1

crpa,D,I1 . Cn-E,D,osarenHo 11 rosa o6CTOS!Te11CTBO 11.D.e ,D,a norsbp.D.11, ye Cs. Coq,1151 e 611na Cbrpa,D,eHa

HaCt<OpO C11-E,D,b Ubpt<BaTa Cb BT0p11Sl M03al14eHb nO,IJ,b, a 11MeHHO, Kat<TO nOKa3BaTb 11 cpaBHeHI1S!Ta

Cb X11capct<ara t<p-Enocrb, ow,e np-E3b weCTI1Sl s-Et<b.

Ao CIKW,OTO 3aK11104eHI1e Hl1 ,D,OBe»<,D,aTb 11 .D.pyrl1 H-E1<o11 oco6HOCTI1 Ha Ubpt<sara, KOI1TO Ma

t<apb 11 ,D,a He yt<a3BaTb Ha T04HO <PI1t<C11paHa ,IJ,ara, see natopMa.

1) npoTHYb (Cs. Co<jJH5!, CTp. 104), Memny npy

rHT-t BTOpOCTeneHHH Cb06pameHH5! 3a KbCHaTa naTa Ha

Cs . Co<jm5!, npHsemna H Toea, Ye, aKo UbpKsaTa 611 6Hna

cbrpaneHa no-paHo, T5! CHrypHo w-tna na 6;v;ne pa3py

weHa OTb KpyMa npH np-tsJeMaHeTO Ha CocjJH5!. He3aBH

CHMO OTb 06CT05!TeJJCTBOTO, Ye TOBa npi;nnOJJO)I{eHHe He

nOYHBa Ha HHKaKBH cpaKTH , TO e HenonyCTHMO H no

npyrH npHYHHH. KpyMOBHT£. BOHHHUH c;v; MOrJJH HaHc

THHa. KaTO e3HYHHUH, na Orpa65!Tb UbpKBaTa H na OnO

)I{apaTb HeHHaTa BiYiTpi;WHOCTb. 06aYe Cb6ap5!HeTO Ha

enHa TaKaBa COJlHllHa noCTpOHKa, K05!TO H Bb nHeWHO

sp-tMe 6H Morna na 6;v;ne pa3pyweHa 6bp3o caMo Yp-t3b

B3pHBHH seweCTsa, ensanH e 61-1110 no CHJJHT£. HMb. Ha

BC-tKH CJJyYaH TO 6H 61-1110 CbBbpWeHO 6e3U-tJJHO H He

6H rH Bb3HarpanHJJO HH Hai1-MaJJKO Ja HJry6eHHSI Tpynb

H spi;Me, KOeTO Ti; Ci'i'i MOrJJH na H3nOJJ3yBaTb MHOfO no·

no6pi; Bb rpa6emb.

~ ) Cp. 6. <t>HJJOBb, J. .. iJs-tcTHSI Ha 6bJJr. apxeon.

npym. II, 1911, 113 H 142 en. :l) 6 . <f>HJJOBb. UHT. M. CTp. 116-120.

---

DaTaTa Ha Ca. Co<j>HSJ 113

KynonHaTa nonyccpepa no4HBa Henocpi>nCTseHo Bbpxy apKHTt, 6e3b HHKal<bBb 6apa6aHb nOAb He51.

v13stcTHo e, ye T03H nocni>AHH51Tb ce no51B51Ba TBbpAi> paHo, l<bMb V si>Kb, H K'bMb IX si>Kb A06Hsa

Be4e sceo6w,o ynoTpi>6eHHe .1) npH Cs. CocjJH51 o6aye He ce cpi>w,aTb ow,e HHI<31<BH 3343Tbl.I,H OTb

Hero , TbH 4e KynOJlbTb HM3 ow,e nbpBOH343JlH3T3 H3H·CTapa cjJopMa. noAKynOilHOTO npoCTpaHCTBO

HOCH Cli'\.W,H51 CTapHHeHb xapaKTepb. KaKTO H Tpi>6sa Aa 6;r;.Ae npH eAHa KynonHa 6a3HilHKa, 4eTH

pHTi> api<H, Bbpxy I<OHTO e CJlOH<eHb KynOJlbTb, He Ce OTB3p51Tb Ha eAH3 H Cli'\.W,3 BHC04HHa l<bMb

rJlaBHI-151 11 l<bMb Hanpi>4HI151 1<0pa6H (rn. pa3pi>3HTi> Ha T36Jl . XII H XIV 2) . noHe»<e Hanpi>4HH51Tb 1<0'

pa6b e 3H34HTeJlHO nO-HHCbl4HH ap1<11, ci>sepHaTa H IO»<HaTa, e c;r;.w,o no-HHCblw,y 14·90 M. npH APY·

06p. 114. - IOmHaTa apaTa (KaMHnHrt) Ha XHcapcKaTa Kpt.noCTb Bb nnoanHBCKO.

rHT-fi AB-fi ap!<H). npoCTpaHCTBOTO Me»<AY Bbpxa Ha rl3H nO-HHCI<H api<H H IleH<aW,HT-fi BbpXy Ti>Xb

ap!<H, I<OHTO o6pa3yBaTb OCHOBaTa Ha Kynona, e H3nbJ1HeHO Cb M3CHBH3 3HA3pH51 (rn. o6p. 13 H 14). Ta1<osa e pa3npi>Ai>IleHHeTo Ha nOAKynoilHOTO npoCTpaHCTBO H npH u,apHrpaACI<aTa Cs. CocjJH51, Cbrpa

AeHa Bb u,apysaHeTo Ha IOcTHHHaHa, Kai<TO 1-1 np11 conyHcKaTa Ca. CocjJH51, K051TO npHHaAJle»<H npH-

6nH3HTeJlHO Ha Cli'\.W,OTO Bpi> Me (rn . no-rop-fi CTp. 48 3a6. 1 ). np11 nO-I<bCHHT-fi BI133HTHHCI<H !<pbCTO·

BHAHH U,bpi<BH r!l3BHH51Tb H HanpE4HH51Tb 1<0pa6H HM3Tb Cli'\.W,3T3 BHC04HH3- nO TOBa HMeHHO rl, ce H

OTJ1H43B3Tb OTb 6a3HJlHI<3JlH3T3 cjJopMa - BCil-fiACTBHe Ha I<OeTO H 4eTHpHT-fi api<H Ha KynoJla Ce

OTB3p51Tb Ha eAH31<B3 BHC0411H3.

Hai1-nocni> ocTasa Aa Ka»<eMb Hi>KOJli<O AYMH H 3a CBOAOBeTi> Ha Ca. Co¢1151, 3a Aa aHAHMb,

A3JlH H Ti> OTrOBap51Tb Ha nOC04eHaTa A3Ta. no-ropi> (CTp. 26 CJl. H 29) aeye cnoMeHaxMe, 4e Ca. CocjJH51

e 33CaOAeHa u,-fina Cb AB-fi sapHaU,HH Ha 1<pbCT3TH51 CBOAb, rpaAeHb 6e3b AbpaeHa nOAJlO»<I<a (sans cin-

I) Cp R. C hoi s y, L 'art de batir chez les Byzantins, Paris 1883, CTp. 66; Jos. S t r z y go w ski, Kleinasien ,

CTp. 174; Ch. Diehl , Manuel d'art byzantin, Paris 1910, CTp. 160 3a6. 2.

15

I·

114 A pxHreKrypHo-HeropH YeeKHTi> n po6neM H

trage). 1) Ta31-1 TeXHHKa, K051TO ce cptw,a Bb OpHeHTa ow,e TBbp.D.t paHo, npHHa,ll,Jie»<H KbMb OTlli-141-1-

TenHHTt 6tnt31-1 Ha BH3aHTHi1CKOTO CTpOHTellHO I-13KYCTBO. ~) 3a HaCb o6a4e e OC06HO Ba>HHO 06CT0-

51TellCTBOTO, 4e KpbCTaTH51Tb CBO,ll,b 6e3b ,ll,bpBeHa nO,ll,JIO>HKa, OTb C?!'.W,I-151 THnb, KaKTO ro HaMHpaMe Bb

rnaBHI-151 Kopa6b Ha Cs. Cocjm51 (rn. cTp. 29 1-1 o6p. 22), e 6Hnb Bb ynoTpt6eHHe Bb caMaTa

Cocjm51 ow,e OTb 4eTBbpTH51, a MO»<e 61-1 1-1 OTb TpeTI-151 stKb. Tosa Htw,o ce BH»<Aa OTb .D.Bt rpa

,D,eHH rpo6HHU,H, 3acso,D,eHH no T03H Ha4HHb, OTb KOHTO e,D,HaTa npHHa,D,ne»<H KbMb HeKponona Ha Cs.

Cocjm51 1-1 e onHcaHa no-ropt (CTp. 86 nO,D,b n° 28), a .D.pyraTa, K051TO ,D,an-1pa stpo51THO ow,e OTb

TpeTI-151 stKb, 6t OTKpHTa Ha 10 anpHllb 1909 ro,LJ,. Bb 3ana,D,HaTa 4aCTb Ha rpa,D,a, Ha YllHLI,elTt noMCKa

1-1 Cs. KHpH11b 1-1 MeTO,ll,l-1 . '1)

0Tb Ka3aHOTO ,ll,OTYKb cnt,D,sa, 4e Cs. Cocjm51, K051TO e Morna ,D,a 6JK,D,e nocTpoeHa caMo

npt3b sptMeTo OTb t<pa51 Ha V AO Kpa51 Ha IX stKb, MO»<e Cb ~ai:i-rontMa stpo51THOCTb ,D,a ce ,D,a

n1pa ow,e Bb caMOTO Ha4ano Ha T03H nepHO.D.b, a HMeHHO Bb VI stKb. 06a4e HHe ow,e He cMe

H34epnanH BCH4KH apryMeHTH, KOI-1TO MoraTb ,D,a ce npY!Be,D,aTb Bb non3a Ha TOBa 3at<11104eHI-1e. H1-1e

w,e Bl-1,ll,I-1Mb nO-,ll,OJlt, 4e KbMb C?!'.W,I-151 pe3y11TaTb Hl-1 ,ll,OBe>H,D,aTb 1-1 nereH,D,V!Tt 3a Cbrpa>H,D,aHeTO Ha

U,bpKBaTa, KaKTO 1-1 nO,ll,p06HaTa aHa1ll-13a Ha Hei1HaTa apX1-1TeKTOHCKa cpopMa. np1-1 CbBna,D,eHHeTO Ha

BCI-14KI-1 Tt31-1 3aKJ1104eHI-151, ,D,061-1H1 no pa3HI-1 nJKTI-1W,a 1-1 Cb pa3HI-1 cpt,D,CTBa, ,D,aTY!paHeTO Ha U,bpKBaTa

Bb VI stKb MO»<e ,D,a ce C41-1Ta 3a OKOH4aTenHo ycTaHoseHo.

2. nereHllVI 3a CbrpamnaHeTo Ha Cs. Cocpvt51

,Il,HeCb e,D,sanl-1 C?Kw,ecTsysa ow,e Me»<.uy MtCTHOTO HaceneHI-1e HtKaKsa nereH,D,a 3a Cbrpa»<

,D,aHeTo Ha Cs. Cocpl-151, KaKsaTo Ha MeHe noHe He Ml-1 ce y,D,a,D,e ,D,a 4Y51 OTb HI-1K?K,ll,t. 1-1 Hai-1CTI-1Ha

MHOrO stp051THO e, 4e CbBbpWeHOTO I-130CTaB51He Ha U,bpKBaTa, KaKTO OTb Typu,~o-nt, TaKa 1-1 OTb Xp1-1-

CTI-151HHTt, Bb npO.D.bll»<eHI-1e Ha nose4e OTb 4eT1-1p1-1,D,eceTb ro,D,Y!HI-1, e .D.OnpV1Hecno TBbp.D.t MHoro 3a

CK?KCBaHeTo Ha cTapHTt Tpa,D,V!U,I-11-1. 3a w,acTHe nereH,D,HTt 3a cbrpa»<,D,aHeTo Ha Cs. Cocpl-151 cJK 3ana-

3eHH, 6naro,D,apeHI-1e Ha 6tnt»<KHTt Ha CTapHTt n?KTeweCTBeHHU,I-1, KOHTO C?K MY1Hasan1-1 npt3b Cocpl-151.

,Il,oKOllKOTO Ml-1 e I-13BtCTHO, npbBb oT6tnt3sa e,D,Ha TaKasa nereH,D,a ,D,anMamHeU,bTb B p a H 4 1-1 4 b

(Antonius Verantius), KOHTO noctTHllb Cocpl-151 npt3b 1553 ro,D,. KaTO Ka3sa Hai1-Hanpt,D,b, 4e no Tosa

sptMe Cocpl-151 e 61-1na OTBopeHb rpa.D.b, BpaH41-14b npo,D,b1l>Hasa: ,HMa CTapa U,bpKBa OTb rpbU,KI-1

CTI-11lb, se4e He ce ynoTpt651sa, HO HtMaXb sptMe ,D,a 5I BH,D,a; o6a4e »<I-1Te1li-1Tt Ml-1 pa3npas51xa 3a

He51, 4e HMano e,D,I-1Hb rpbU,KI-1 u,apb, Koi1To 3ae,D,HO Cb »<eHa Cl-1 n041-1Tanb KaTe 3aW,I-1THI-1u,a cs. Cocpl-151;

TOH ~ Cbrpa,D,I-11lb xpaMb Bb Uap1-1rpa,D,b, a »<eHa MY Bb Ynnl-1aHa (Cocpl-151). 0Tb Tosa sptMe nptcTasa

,D,a ce ynoTpt651sa HMeTo Ynn1-1aHa KaTe ce 3aMtCT51 Cb Cocp1-151". 4) KaKTO ce BH»<Aa OTb rl31-1 AYMI-1, ne

reH,D,aTa ce 51B51Ba y BpaH41-14a Bb CbBctMb Heonpt,D,tneHa cpopMa, 6e3b ,D,a ce HMeHysaTb n1-1u,aTa.

1) Tpi;6a3 na ee 3a6tni>H<H, ye eaonoaert Ha Ca.

Co¢1111 He orroaapllTb HanbnHo Ha repMHI-la ,MOHaerHpeKH eBOJlb ." KOHTO 61; ynorpi;6eHb no-ropi; npH rnXHOTO

onHeaHHe. a e,v; eaMo HeroaH aapHaUHH. CaonoaeTi> Bb Hanpi>YHHil Kopa6r. HMaTb no nHaroHana eH ena6o H 3 n ,¥; K H a J1 b p,v;6b (3a KOHerpyKUHilTa ep. ( h 0 iS y, IIHT.

eb4 . erp. 50 en.), no KOeTO ee OTnHYaaaTb OTb eN;WHHeKHil

MOHaeTHpeK'l eBOUb eb BJlnN;6HaTH J1HarOH3nHH p,v;-6oae (voOte de eloitre, Klostergewolbe HnH bohmisehe

Kappe; ep. Choisy, UHT. eb4. crp. 105 en .). 06aYe OTb npyra erpaHa BbpXbTb Ha ri>3H eaonoae (12 M.) ee Ha

MHpa nO-BHeOKO OTb apKHrn, Ha KOHTO rl; ee Kpi>nllTb (10·70 M.). no ra3H eaoll oeo6eHoerb rl; ee exoH<narb

eb MOHaCT.<peKHil eBOJlb KaTO ee OTJIH4aBaTb OTb 06HKHOBeHHil KpbeTaTh eaonh (voOte d'arete, Kreuzrippenge

wolbe). npH KOHTO BbpXbTb ee HaMHpa Ha eN;UJOTO HHBO

eb apKHrl; Ha OeHOB3Ta, Beni;neraHe Ha KOeTO JlHarOHan-

HHli> p,v;6oae e,v; eHnHo H3nN;KHanH H nonyYaBaTb enHneoaHnHa ¢opMa (,v;woro MOH<e na ee KaH<e H 3a eao

noaeri; Bb rnaBHHil Kopa6b Ha Ca. Co¢1111 (erp. 29 H o6p 22), eb Ta 3H eaMO pa3nHKa , Ye ffiXHHTh JlHaroHanHH

p,v;6oBe e,v; ebBei>Mb H3paaHeHH (3a KOHCTpyKUHilTa HMb ep . (hoisy, UHT. eb4. erp. 38 en .), Beni;neTBHe Ha KOeTO

Th ee npH6nHH<aBaTb KbMb luHnHHllpi'JYeeKHTh eBOJlOBe (voOte en bereeau, Tonnengewolbe' .

~) (hoisy UHT. eb4. erp. 49 en .; ep. H erp. 154; Die hI , UHT. ebY . erp. 89 H 159.

:;) vbateTHil Ha 6bnr. apxeon. npyH<. I, 1910, 222. 1) naeaH<a npi>nasaMb enopenb npi;aona Ha P.

Matkovic, Rad jugoslavenske akademije LXXI, 1884, 31 en. CaMoTo ebYHHeHHe Ha BpaiiYHYa (Iter Buda Hadrianopolim anno 1553 exaratum ab Antonio Verantio) He

MH 6i>we nocr,v;nHO (H3aaneHo Bb Monumenta Hunga

riae historiea, Seriptores II 288-334).

nereHnH 3a Cbrpa»<naHeTO Ha Cs. Co<j>Hll 115

np11 TOBa 3acny>«.asa ,[1,3 ce 113Tbi<He, ye TYI<b coqm~cJ<aTa Cs. Co¢1151 ce ryp51 BeYe Bb CBpb3Ka Cb

e,[J,H011MeHHaTa He~ ll,bpKBa Bb Ll,ap11rpa,[J,b - Hi;LU,O, KOeTO nO-I<bCHO, J<aJ<TO LU,e BI1,[1,11Mb, Ci'K npa-

611!111 11 MHoro Apyr11 asrop11.

(;y;;LU,aTa nereHAa ce 51B51Ba Bb Apyra cpopMa y Can oM o H b W sa~ rep a, AYXOBHI1J«.aBallb np11 OTI1BaHeTo MY Bb Ll,ap11rpaAb npi;3b

1577 ro,[J,. Wsa~repb B11Ai;llb Cs Co¢1151 J<aTo A>HaMI151, K051TO ce HaM11pana cpi;LU,y xaHa, Ai;To 611!111

cni;3n11. losopi;no ce, Ye 611na cbrpaAeHa OTb cs. EneHa, K051TO 611na 113npareHa OTb 6aLU,a c11 Bb

rnaBHI151 rpaAb Ha 6bnrap1151 11 cni;Ab CMbpTbTa c11 611na norpe6aHa Bb CbrpaAeHara OTb He51 U,bpKBa. 1)

noYTI1 Ci'Klll,OTO Hi;LU,O, o6aYe Cb no-roni;M11 nO,[J,p06HOCTI-I, HaM11paMe e,[J,I1Hb si;Kb nO-KbCHO

y n;y;;rewecrseHMKa )], >«. 11 o sa H 11 6 e H a !111 51, KO~TO noci;rMllb Co¢1151 npi;3b 1682 ro,[J,. , noci;T11XMe

u,bpKBaTa Cs. Cocpl-151, cera A>KaMI151, cpi;LU,y HaWI151 xaHb; si;psa ce, Y& e ocHoBaHa OTb Co¢1151, Ab

LU,ep51 Ha MMneparopa KoHcTaHTMHa 11 Ha cs. EneHa, 11 Ye, oCTaBeHa orb 6aLU,a c11 Bb T0311 rnaseHb

rpaAb Ha 6bnrap1151, (Cocp1151) yMpi;na 11 611na norpe6aHa Bb eAHa apKa Bb Ci'KLU,aTa u,bpKsa; pa3npa

B51Tb 3a He51 pa3Jli1YHM Hi;LU,a, Ye ce 51B51Bana HOLU,HO spi;Me 11 Ye rosopi;na; 3a ri;311 pa6or11 HeKa

onaBI1Mb aci:.J<I1 Aa si;pRa, KaKBOTO c11 MCKa, a a3b pa3Ka3BaMb, KaKBOTO YYXb". 2)

OcHosarenKara Ha u,bpKsara TYKb He e seye cs . EneHa, a Hi;J<o51 c11 He~Ha ,[l,bLU,ep51

Cocp1151, J<051TO cni;AoBaTellHO 611 rpi;6sano Aa 6i'KAe cecrpa Ha KoHCTaHTMHa Beni1KM, a He 11 Herosa

AbLU,ep51. 71BHO e, ye TYKb 11MaMe 3a6bpKBaHe Ha llMLJ,aTa, Koero Bb e,[J,Ha nereHAa e necHo o651CHI1MO.

51AJ<ara Ha nereHAaTa c11 ocrasa, Ye u,bpKsara e 611na CbrpaAeHa OTb e,[J,Ha np11Hu,eca, J<051TO ce

ryp51 Bb cspb3Ka Cb cpaMMlli151Ta Ha KoHcTaHTMHa BenMKM. KonKoro ce OTHaC51 AO 11Mero ~. TO e 611!10

Haro,[J,eHo cMrypHo cnopeAb MMero Ha CaMara u,bpKsa.

Bee OTb rosa spi;Me 11MaMe Apyra e,[J,Ha MHoro no-cno>«.Ha sap11au,1151 Ha Ci'KLU,aTa nereHAa y

rypcKI151 n;y;;reweCTBeHI1Kb Esn1151 4ene611, KO~TO e 611J1b Bb Co¢1151 npi:.3b 1652 ro,[J,. ,Bb si;Ka

Ha Hcyca Xp11CTa, KOraTO Bb Ll,ap11rpallb BJla,[J,i;51Jlb Kpallb EllMHa, Bb nnoB,[J,I1Bb ce 611na npoyyna

e,[J,Ha MOMa Ha MMe Csera Co¢1151, J<051TO Cb6pqlla MHOro so~cKa 11 3asna,[J,i;na Cocpl-151, ABTO u,apysana

CTO 11 neT,[J,eCeTb ro,[J,I1HI1. Ta311 MOMa HaMi;p11lla Bb BMTOWa MHOrO CbKpOBMLU,a , Cb KOI-ITO yKpaCMJla

rpaAa, scni;,[J,cTBI1e Ha Koero TO~ nonyYMllb 11MeTo rpaAb Cocpl-151. 6aLU,a ~. t<aro ce HayYMllb 3a rosa,

noBMKG.llb 5I Bb UapMrpaAb 11 Cb HaMi;peHI1Ti; nap11 u,i;n11 YeTMPMAeceTb rOAI1HM o6oraT51Ballb yep

KBara Cs Cocp1151, OTb Koero o6cT051TellCTBO e nonyYM!la 11 T51 11Mero c11. Cni;Ab CMbpTbTa c11 Ta311

ocHosarenKa 611na norpe6aHa Bb eAI1Hb Mp51MopeHb KOBYerh, nocraseHb Ha Bbpxa Ha CTbnna, KO~To

e AO caMl-151 Ka3acKepcKM xaMaMb np11 EH11-,lJ,>HaMM51. To311 KOBYerb ,[J,Oropi; 611nb nblleHb Cb 3M1111

11 ApyrM BJleYyrl1". 3)

Bb T0311 pa3J<a3b, Hai1CT11Ha, HI1Ki'KAi; He ce rosop11 Hanpaso 3a cocpM~CKCITa U,bpKsa Cs. Co

·cp11S!. 06aye CbBCBMb ecrecrseHo e, Ye MOMara ,Csera Cocpl-151", K051TO HaMi;p11na CbKpOB11LU,ara Bb

BMrowa 11 Cb ri;xb yKpacMna rpaAa Co¢1151, rpi;6sa Aa e cbrpaAI1lla, Me>KAY ApyrMri; pa6or11, 11

HapeYeHaTa Ha He~HO l-IMe U,bpKBa Bb T0311 rpa,[J,b. BMi;CTO Aa AO~Ae ,[1,0 TOBa HanbllHO

nori14HO 3aKJ1104eHI1e, Esn1151 4ene611 npas11 se,[J,Hara e,[J,HHb CKOKb 11 cbo6LU,asa, Ye npMHu,ecara 611na

nOBMKaHa OTb 6aLU,a Cl1 Bb Ll,ap11rpa,[J,b, ,[J,i;TO 6aLU,aTa Cb HaMi;peHMTh OTb He51 nap11 yKpaC51BaJlb

1) rn. Matkovic, Rad CXVI, 1893, 99. BbnpoCHHSITb UHTaTb nHncsa y VIs. WHwMaHOBb, C6opH · 3a Hap. YMOTB. IV, 1891, 431. Cr;<;WO H TOBa Cb'lHHeHHe He MH 6-twe nocrr;<;n HO Bb op11 r~-tHallb {Ein newe Reyss-Beschreibung auss Teutsch land nach Constantinopel und Jerusalem ... verzeichnet und abgerissen durch Salomon Schweiger etc., Nlirnberg, 5 H3naHHll OTb 1609 no 1664 rOllHHa).

2) G i ova n i Ben a g I i a, Relatione del viaggio fatto a Constantinopoli, e ritorno in Germania, dell' Ill m o

Sig. Conte F\lberto Caprara; Roma et Milano (6e3b rollHHa)crp. 30 en .: Si visito Ia Chiesa di Santa Soffia hora

Moschea dirimpetto al nostro alloggio, e si crede fosse fondata da Soffia figlia di Constantino lmperatore e di Santa Elena , e che lasciata dal Padre in questa Citta Capo della Bulgaria morisse, e fosse posta in un' area nella medesima Chiesa ; di che raccontano varie cose, e che sia apparsa di notte, e c' habbia parlato, ed intorno ci6 lasciaremo, ch' altri creda ci6 che piu gli agrada, riferendo io quanto h6 udito.

:I) Cnopenb nptsona Ha 11. ran >K a H 0 B b, nr;<;ry· saHe Ha EsnH5l 4ene6H H3b 6bnrapCKHTt 3eMH npt3b cptnara Ha XVII BtKb, nep. cnHc. LXX, 1909, 694.

i I·

116 f\pXHTeKrypHO-HCTOpHYeCI<HrB npo6neMH

TaMwHaTa U.bpt<Ba Cs. Co¢1-151. CntJJ,oBaTellHO HaMtpeHOTO CbKpOBHW.e Tpt6sa Aa e 61-1no TaKa ro

ntMo, 4e Cb Hero e 6HJlb yKpaceHb He caMo rpaAbTb Cocjm51 AOTOJ1K03b, Ai>To TOI'i Aa ce HapH4a

no HMeTO Ha CB051Ta 6narOA-fiTeJ1Ka, HO 61-1J1a OCTaHaJla ~I AOCTaTb4Ha cyMa, 3a Aa ce yKpaC51Ba Cb

He51 HaH-BeJlHKOJJ-finHaTa u,apHrpa)J,CKa U,bpKBa Bb npO)J,bJJ}I{eHHe Ha U,-filll-1 4eTHpHAeCeTb rO)J,HHI-1! 6e3b

Aa npaBHMb no-noJJ,po6eHb aHaJJH3b Ha T031-1 pa3Ka3b, 51BHO e 1-1 OTb Ka3aHOTO AO TYKb, 4e o6HK

HOBeHaTa nereHJJ,a 3a Cbrpam)J,aHeTO Ha co¢1-11'1cKaTa Cs. Co¢1-151 e 61-1na 3Ha4HTeJJHO BHAOH3Mi>HeHa

OTb caMI-151 Esn1-151 4ene6H, KOHTO e BHeCbJlb Bb He51 CbBbpweHo yymAH Hel'i eneMeHTH. EsJll-151 4e

ne6H KaTO y4eHb 40Bi>Kb, I-13BbpWHJlb MHOro6pOHHI-1 n;t;.TeWeCTBI-151, 1-1 KaTO 6HBWb Mey3HHb Bb

u,apHrpaACKaTa Ca. Co¢1-151, 1) e n03HaBaJlb MHoro A06p-E Ta3H u,bpKBa. (bBnaJJ,eHHeTO Ha HMeHaTa,

KOeTo He Mome Aa He MY e HanpasHJJO sne4aTneHHe, stpo51THO ro e HaKapano Aa CBbpme Cb 4Y

TaTa OTb Hero Bb Co¢1-151 nereH)J,a HMeTO 1-1 Ha u.aDHrpaACKaTa Cs. Co¢1-151. no T031-1 Ha4HHb 1-1 TYKb

KaKTO np1-1 BpaH4H4a BHm)J,aMe ABi>Ti> eJJ,HOHMeHHH u,bpKBH Aa ce· noCTaB51Tb Bb Ti>cHa cspb3Ka, KaTo

ce npHnHCBaTb cnopeAb nOH51TH51Ta Ha asTopa Ha eAHHb 1-1 C;t;.W.H rpaAHTeJlb. KonKOTO 3a HMeTo Ha

KpaJJb ,E.nHHa", MO}I{e na ce npi>AnOJJO}I{I-1, 4e TO He e HHW.O Apyro, OCBi>Hb f13BbpTBaHe Ha

,cs. EneHa", K051TO, KaKTO BHAi>XMe, C;t;.W.O 1-1rpae pOJJ51 Bb nereHAaTa 3a CbrpamAaHeTo Ha Cs. Co¢1-151.~)

(b Hal'i-roni>MH noApo6HOCTH HH npi>AdBa nereH)J,aTa 3a CbrpamAaHeTo Ha Cs. Co¢1-151 K o p

HenH ¢oHb AeHb ,lJ,pHWb, ceKpeTapb 1-1 HCTOpHorpa¢b, KaKTO TOH caMb ce HapH4a, Ha nocnaHHHKa

rpa¢b BHpMOHAa, Cb KoroTo TOH ce cnHpanb Bt. Co¢1-151, Ha n;t;.Tb 3a UapHrpaAb, OTb 29 IOHH AO

1 IOJlH 1719 ro)J,. , To3H rpaAb Co¢1-1S1 e nocTpoeHb OTb HMnepaTopa IOcTHHHaHb, a He OTb eAHa

npHHu,eca Co¢1-151 no-MJJaAa OTb meHaTa Ha HMnepaTopa IOcTHHb II, KOSITO HOci>na C;t;.W.OTO HMe, KaKTO

Typu,HT-fi, KaTO CJla6o 3an03HaTH Cb HCTOpH51Ta, norpi>WHO ys"fip51BaTb 1-1 pa3Ka3BaTb OW.e MHOfO ApyrH

6aCHOCJlOBHH Hi>W.a 3a Ta3H MOMa, K051TO si>p051THO HHKOra He e C;t;.W.eCTByBaJJa . TaKa Hanp. pa3-

npaB51Tb, 4e T51 )J,bJlfO spi;Me Jlemana MHOfO 60JJHa, nopa)J,I-1 KOeTO no CbB-fiTa Ha npH)J,BOpHHT-fi

Ili>KapH Cl-1 H36pana e)J,HO BHCOKO Mi>CTO, A-fiTO Aa HMa 3ApaBb Bb3AYXb 1-1 xy6asa BO)J,a; 1-1 nOHeme

T51 HaM-fipHJJa, 4e TYKb 1-1 Bb AB-firl T-fi3H OTHOWeHI-151 OCTaHaJJa )J,OBOJlHa, TbH KaTO Bb u,i>na Typu,l-151

Hi>MaJlO HHK;t;.Ai; nO-A06pa BO)J,a 1-1 n0-3npaBb Bb3AYXb OTKOJJKOTO TYKb, HaKapana OTb 6JJafOAapHOCTb

)J,a nOCTp051Tb Ha TOBa Mi>CTO e)J,HHb rpa)J,b, a nOCJJ-fi 1-1 e)J,Ha U,bpKBa, KOHTO T51 HapeKJla Ha HeHHO

HMe. TaKa c~w.o ce pa3npas51 3a He51, 4e KoraTo T51 6trana Bb u,bpKBaTa OTb np-Ecni>ABaHeTo Ha

6para CH 1-1 TOH TbKMO npi>Ab BXOAa see naKb 5I ynoBHJlb 1-1 HCKaJlb Aa 11 HaHece CMbpTeHb yAapb

Cb e)J,HHb HO}I{b, KOHTO Be4e H3BaAHJlb, T51 MOMeHTaJlHO H34e3HaJla s·b U,bpKOBHaTa BpaTa. 3aTOBa T51

ce CYHTa OTb T"fixb 3a CBeTa meHa, K051TO 60rb, nopa)J,H 6nar04eCH1BI-151 H }l{f1B0Tb, He HCKaJlb )J,a

ocTaBH Aa 3arHHe, a 5I cnaCHJlb OTb onacHOCTbTa 1-1 5I B3eJlb npaso Bb He6eTo; np1-1 To sa npH6aB51Tb,

ye 6paTbTb J1Manb 3aMbKb Ha6nH30, cTi>HHTt Ha KOHTO rl noKa3BaTb Ha Kpa51 Ha rpaAa, Ha ntsa

p;t;.Ka, KOraTo ce HAe OTKbMb HHwb." 3)

lj rn. ran»{aHOBb, UHT. M. crp.639 en. Cp. H Cr. Hosa 1<0 BH h, ronHWibHUa HHI<One 4ynHha, XVII, 1897, 137.

2) Cnopenb npyrb enHHb n,v;rewecrseHHIHS! ce e CYHTana na»{e 3a poneHb rpanb Ha cs. EneHa (f\ n to n i o Benetti, Osservazion i fatte .. . nel viaggio a Costantinopoli etc. Venezia 1688, I crp. 178: ... pervenissimo a Soffia, Patria di Sant' Elena, da Giustiniano lmperatore fondata, in veneratione di Santa Soffia, da Costantinopoli settantanove miglia Germaniche distante).

3) Corne I ius von den Dries c h, Historische Nachricht von der Rom. Kayser!. Gross-Botschafft nach Constantinopel, welche .. . der Hoch-und Wohlgebohrne des H. R. Reichs-Graf Damian Hugo von Virmondt nJhmlichst verrichtet; Ntirnberg 1723, crp. 89: Diese Stadt Sophia ist vom Kaiser Justinianus erbauet, nicht aber von einer jlingern Sophia und Prinzessin von des Kaisers Justini II. Gemahlin, welche mit jener gleichen Namen

gefiihret haben soli, wie doch die Ttirken, als welche in der Historie schlecht bewandert, falschlich vorgeben, und noch vie! andere fabelhafte Sachen von dieser Jungfrau, welche wol niemal in rerum natura gewesen, erzehlen. Dann da sagen sie, es seye dieselbige lange Zeit sehr krank darnieder gelegen, weswegen sie auf Einrathen der Leib-f\erzte sich einen erhabenen Ort ausgesucht, wo sie gesunde Luft und gutes Wasser antreffen wlirde, und wei! !'ie gefunden, dass sie in beiden Stticken allhier vergntigt worden, angesehen in der ganzen Turkey kein besseres Wasser noch gesundere Luft, als hier, zu fin.den, habe sie zur Dankbarkeit an diesen Ort eine Stadt und nachgehends auch eine Kirche aufbauen und nach ihrem Namen nennen lassen. So wird nicht weniger von ihr erzehlt, dass, als sie vor ihres Bruders Verfolgung sich in die Kirche retirirt, und er sie eben bey dem Eingang derselbigen noch ergrieffen, auch ihr mit einem Messer, welches er bereits schon gezuckt, einen

npoCTOHapOnHaTa 11 JJHTeparypHaTa JJereHnH 117 --··--------

,IJ,p11wb 3anoLJsa CB051 pa3Ka3b Cb 3a6-En-BmKaTa, LJe rpaAbTb Co¢1151 611nb OCHOBaHb OTb

IOCTI1HI1aHa, a He OTb Hi>KaKBa c11 np11Hu,eca Co¢1151, K051TO Hoc-Ena Cli'\W,OTO 11Me, KaKTO meHaTa Ha

IOCTI1Ha II, HO 611na no-MnaAa OTb He51. 71BHO e, LJe 11MeHaTa Ha Ti>311 Bl13aHTI1~1cKI1 snaAi>Tenl1 Hi>MaTb

HI1WO 06W,O Cb nereHAaTa, K051TO ,lJ,p11Wb e LJynb OTb ,Cna6o 3an03HaTI1Ti> Cb 11CT0p1151Ta" Typu,H,

KOI1TO He Cli'\ MOrnl1 Aa 3Ha51Tb, KOH e 611nb IOcTI1H11aHb, KOH IOcTI1Hb II 11 KOI1 Cli'\ 611n11 LJneHoseT-E

Ha Ti>XH11Ti> ¢aM11n1111. Bb nereHAaTa c11rypHo ce e rosop-Eno npocTo 3a Hi>Ko51 np11Hu,eca Co¢1151,

OCHOBaTenKa Ha rpaAa 11 U,bpKBaTa. 06a4e ,lJ,p11Wb, 3a Aa 6ni>cHe Cb CB051Ta epyA111..1,1151, e HaMi>p11nb

3a A06pt, Aa OTXBbpn11 KaTO nereHAapHa He113Bi>CTHaTa HI1KOMY np11HU,eCa 11 Aa 5I 3aMi>HI1 Cb n03HaTI1

11CTOp114eCKI1 ni14HOCTI1, 6e3b Aa Hl1 Kame, pa3611pa ce, OTAi> TOH 3Hae, LJe 11MeHHO IOCTI1HI1aHb. e

CbrpaAI1nb Co¢1151, KOeTo TOH TBbpA11 Cb TaKaBa nonOH<I1TenHOCTb. f\Ko ocraBI1Mb cni>AOBaTenHo Ha

CTpaHa Ta311 Kp11TI14eCKa 6t,ni>H<Ka Ha ,IJ,p11wa, OCTaHanaTa LJaCTb OTb H.eroBI151 pa3Ka3b, MaKapb 11

Cb roni>MI1 noAp06HOCTI1, Hl1 npi>ACTaB51 cbrpaH<AaHeTO Ha Cs. Co¢1151 no Cli'\W,I151 Ha411Hb, KaKTO 11

no-cTap11Ti> nli'\TewecTBeH11U,I1. CaMo np11411HaTa TYKb e He BeLJe HaM-EpeHo CbKpOBI1w,e, a 6naroAap

HOCTb 3a 03ApaB51BaHeTo 4pi>3b A06paTa BOAa 11 3ApaBI151 Bb3AYXb Ha Co¢1151. Cli'\w,o 11 pa3Ka3bTb,

LJe np11Hu,ecaTa 1134e3Hana 6e3cni>AHO Bb CbrpaAeHara OTb He51 u,bpKBa, KOraTO 6-Erana OTb np-Ecni>A

BaHI151Ta Ha 6paTa Cl1, He Ce pa3nl14aBa Cli'\W,eCTBeHO OTb Apyr11Ti> nereHAI1, Ai>TO ce Ka3Ba, LJe T51

611na npocTo norpe6aHa Bb U,bpKBaTa. Ba>HHOTO e, LJe 11 Bb ABaTa cnyLJa51 u,bpKBaTa ce C411Ta KaTo

rp06H11U,a Ha OCHOBaTenKaTa Cl1.

noA06HI1 Ha 1136poeHI1Ti> TYKb nereHA11 Cli'\ 1..1,11pKyn11pan11, BI1A11 ce, ow,e Abnro Bpi>Me Me>HAY

Mi>CTHOTO HaceneHI1e, TbH KaTo 11 K a H 11 u, b, KOHTO e 611nb Bb Co¢1151 3a npbBb nli'\Tb npi>3b 1871 roA.,

a nocn-E nosropHo npi>3b 1879 roA., cnoMeHasa, LJe 3a OCHOBaTenKa Ha u,bpKBaTa no TpaA11U,1151 ce

C411Tana OTb Mi>CTHOTO HaceneHI1e, BKni0411TenHo 11 TYPU11Ti>, Cli'\W,aTa 6naroLJeCTI1Ba · Bl13aHT11HCKa

np11Hu,eca Co¢1151, no 411eTo 11Me 611nb Hape4eHb 11 rpaAbTb. 3a roni>Mara ApeBHOCTb Ha Tosa np-E

AaHI1e KaHI1U,b ce no3osasa Ha o6cT051TencTBOTo, LJe TO 611no pa3npaB51HO Bb Cli'\w,ara ¢opMa ~~ Ha

,IJ,p11 wa ow,e npi>3b 1719 rOA.1) Bb Cli'\WHOCTb, KaKTO ce B11H<Aa OTb cnoMeHaTI1Ti> no-rop-E nli'\Te

wecTBeHI11..1,11, npi>AaHI1eTo e MHoro no-cTapo.

np11 eAHO nO-BHI1MaTenHO cpaBHeHI1e Ha nereHA11Ti> 3a CbrpaH<AaHeTO Ha Cs. Co¢1151 neCHO

e Aa ce BI1A11, 4e Ti> ce pa3nl14aBaTb TBbpAt, ManKO nOMeH<AY Cl1. f\KO OCTaBI1Mb Ha CTpaHa BTO·

pOCTeneHHI1Ti> nOAp06HOCTI1, KOI1TO Cli'\ MOrnl1 Aa ce n051BaTb Cb TeLJeHI1e Ha Bpi>MeTO, ri:; BCI14KI1 ce

51B51BaTb KaTO sap11a1..1,1111 Ha eAHa 11 Cli'\W,a nbpBOHaLJanHa nereHAa, 41151TO 51AKa Ce CbCTOI1 Bb TOBa,

LJe u,bpKBaTa 611na CbrpaAeHa OTb eAHa Bl13aHmi1cKa np11Hu,eca Co¢1151, np11HaAnemaw,a KbMb ¢aMI1-

ni151Ta Ha KoHcTaHTI1Ha Beni1KI1, K051TO cni>Ab CMbpTbTa c11 611na norpe6aHa Bb Cli'\W,aTa u,bpKBa.

HapeAb Cb Ta311 pa3npocTpaHeHa Me>HAY Mi>CTHOTO HaceneHI1e nereHAa, K051TO Hl1e w,e Ha

pe4eMb npOCTOHapOAHa, Cli'\W,eCTByBa 11 Apyra eAHa - aKO MOH<eMb TaKa Aa Ce 113pa311Mb - ni1Te

paTypHa nereHAa, Cb3AaAeHa OTb yLJeHI1Ti>, cnopeAb K051TO U,bpKBaTa 611na CbrpaAeHa OTb IOcm

H11aHa. H11e B11Ai>xMe, LJe Ta311 MI1Cbnb ce 51B51Ba OTLJaCTI1 ow,e Bb 1553 roA· y BpaHLJI14a, KOHTO, Ma·

Kapb 11 Aa He cnoMeHasa 11MeHa, Ka3Ba, LJe HawaTa U,bpKBa 611na cbrpaAeHa OTb H<eHaTa Ha Cli'\W,1151

11MnepaTOpb, KOHTO nocTpo11nb u,ap11rpaACKaTa Cs. Co¢1151. 4e BpaHLJI14b e 3aenb Ta311 MI1Cbnb He

OTb npOCTOHapOAHaTa nereHAa, a OTb Hi>KOe o6pa30BaHO n111..1,e, Ce BI1H<Aa HaH-A06pt, OTb 06CT051-

TenCTBOTO, Ai>TO TOH Henocpi>ACTBeHO cni>Ab TOBa Ka3Ba, LJe OTb TOBa Bpi>Me 11MeTO Ha rpaAa 611n0

113Mi>HeHo OTb Ynnl1aHa Ha Co¢1151 (rn. CTp. 114). 06aLJe rpaAbTb HI1KOra He e ce Ka3Banb Ynnl1aHa,

a Ynn11a CepA11Ka 11 TO caMo Bb o¢11u,11anH11 HaAn11CI1 OTb p11MCKO spi>Me - Hi>wo, KOeTo no HI1-

KaKbBb Ha411Hb He e Morna Aa 6/i'\Ae 113Bi>CTHO Ha npocTOTQ HaceneHI1e. Bb cnyLJa51 BpaHLJI14b e

todtlichen Stoss beybringen wollen , sie in der KirchenThiir augenblicklich verschwunden seye. Sie wird auch deswegen noch fiir eine heilige Frau von ihnen gehalten, welche Gott wegen ihres frommen Lebens nicht umbringen lassen, sondern von der Gefahr erretten und schnur stracks in den Himmel nehmen wollen; worzu sie

noch setzen, dass der Bruder nicht weit von hier ein Schloss gehabt, woven sie einem noch zur linken Hand wann man von Nissa kommt, am Ende der Stadt die Mauern weisen.

1) Kanitz, Donau-Bulgarien, 2-po H3n. II 212.

118 flpXHTeKTypHO-HCTOpHYeCKHTt npo6neMH

6VIJ1b 6e3b CbMHt.HVIe 3a6ny,IJ,eHb OTb VIMeTO Ha rpa,IJ,a nVInJlSIHb Bb (Tapa Cbp6V151, KOiho Bb PVIMCKO

sptMe ce e Ka3sanb YnnVIaHa, KaTo ro e cMt.CHilb Cb YnnHil Cepll,HKa-

Kora VI OTb Koro e 6VIna Cb3,IJ,a,IJ,eHa Ha~-Hanpt.Ab nereH,IJ,aTa, Ye Cs- Cocp1151 611na CbrpaAeHa

OTb caMH51 IOCTHHI1aHb, M!'K4HO 6VI Momo ,IJ,a ce yCTaHOBI1. Ha s<.-i;KVI cnyYa~ Tosa ce TBbpA11 seye

KaTO nOJlO>t<HTeJleHb cpaKTb OTb HCTOp11Ka f\ H T 0 H VI 6 0 H cp 11 H 11, KOiho e nHCallb npt.3b BTOpaTa

nonosi1Ha Ha XV st.Kb. KaTo rosopH 3a Cocp1151 no noso,IJ,b Ha noxo,IJ,a Ha Bna,IJ,HCnasa Ill Bb 6bn

rap1151, 6oHcp11HVI Ka3sa: ,rpa,IJ,bTb nony411 HMeTo Co¢1151 OTb xpaMa, KO~To Cb rontMo seJ111KOJ1t.nVIe

cbrpaA11 IOcTI1HVIaHb, a no-paHo ce Ka3sawe CapAVIU,Ha, OTb cap,IJ,HTt. 1-1 AaKVITt., KOVITO ro Hacen51saxa;

no-nOCJlt,, 3ana,[IHaJ1b OTb HaBJ1H3aHeTO Ha 6bllfa p11Tt, H OTb nOCT051HHHTt, HaWeCTBI151 Ha >t<I1TeJ111Tt,

OTTaTbKb ..D,yHaBa, TO~ 3ana311 CaMO 11MeTO Ha xpaMa". 1)

f\BTOp11TeTbTb Ha 60Hcp11HVI e ,[\Onp11HeCbJ1b 6e3b ~bMHt.Hvte TBbp.Ut MHOfO 3a pa3npOCTpa

HeHHeTo Ha Ta3H nereH.ua. KaKTO BVI,IJ,t.xMe, OTb He51 C!'K ce nOB-'11151J111 1-1 Ht.KoVI nJKTewecTseHI1U,11,

KaTo ..D,pVIWb, a Mome 611 VI EsllV151 4ene611 (cTp. 115 en.). 06a4e no-ront.Ma pon51 e Vlrpana T51 Bb

yYeHaTa J111TepaTypa. TaKa Hanp. HaMHpaMe 5I 1-1 Bb ,o651cHeHH51Ta" (explicationes) Ha MapHaBH4a,

nHCaHI1 st.po51THO npt.3·b 1621 ro.r:~., KbMb aHOHVIMHaTa 6HorpacpH51 Ha IOcTHHI1aHa, OTKp11Ta Bb ABO

peu,a 6ap6epHHI1 Bb PHMb.2) Bb Tt.3H CBOVI o651cHeHI151 MapHaBI14'b, Me>t<AY APYrDTO, Ka3Ba: ,Cap,IJ,11Ka Cb

Te4eHHe Ha sptMeTO nOilY411 ,IJ,HeWHOTO Cl1 11Me Cocp!-151 OTb xpaMa Ha IOCTVIHVIaHa. npt.,IJ,b spaTHTt, Ha Ka-

3aHI151 xpaMb IOcTVIHVIaHb Bb3,IJ,VIrHa xy6aBb capKocparb Ha cseTt~WI151 M!'K>tt<,IJ,a OTb Tt.311 AYMI1, MapHaBI14b He caMo

C411Ta 10cTI1HI1aHa 3a CTpOVITeJlb Ha cocpVI~CKaTa Cs. CocpV151, HO MY np11n11csa 1-1 HanpasaTa Ha oco-

6eH b Mp51MOpeHb capKOcparb npt,Ab U,bpKBaTa 3a HerOBVI51 HaCTaBHVIKb OTb CJ1aB51HCKO np0113XO>t<,(\eHHe,

6oroMHna, KO~To sbo6we 11rpae MHoro ront.Ma pOI151 Bb BbnpocHaTa aHOHI1MHa 6HorpacpH51 Ha 10c

TVIHI1aHa. Bb u,t.nH51 T03VI pa3Ka3b Ht.Ma st.po51THO HVITO cnt..r:~a OTb 11CTOpH4ecKa VICTVIHa. MapHaBI14b

npoCTo e cno,IJ,t.J151Jlb pa3npoCTpaHeHOTO se4e Bb Heroso spt.Me y6t.m.r:~eHHe, ye cocp11~cKaTa Cs.

CocpV151, KaKTO VI u,apHrpa,IJ,cKaTa, e 6VIna Cbrpa,IJ,eHa OTb 10cTHHI1aHa. 0THOCVITellHO nacama 3a cap

Kocpara Ha 6oroMHJ1a HMa ,IJ,a ce 3a6t.nt.m11, 4e, aKo TO.:i He e 411CTa V13MI1CJ1VIU,a Ha MapHaBI14b,

MO>t<e 6VI e 3aeTb OTb HtKOe HapO,!J,HO npt.,IJ,aHI1e, KOeTO He e 3ana3eHO y ApyrH aBTOpVI.

Hal1-nocnt, ocTaBa ,IJ,a cnoMeHeMb, 4e nereHAaTa 3a cbrpam,IJ,aHeTo Ha cocp11!1cKaTa Cs. CocpV151

OTb iOCTHHVIaHa e 611J1a Bb3npV1eTa H OTb COcjJH~CKI151 KaTOJ1H4eCKI1 apX11enHCKOnb n e Tb pb 6 0 r ,lJ, a H b

6 a K w 11 4 b. Bb e,IJ,VIHb panopTb, oTnpaseHb AO KOHrperau,H51Ta 3a pa3npoCTpaHeHI1e Ha KaTOJ1114ecKaTa

st.pa Bb PHMb, n11caHb Ha 30 Mal1 1653 ro,IJ,. Bb 4VInposu,VI, 6aKWI14b npas11 ,IJ,OCTa o6cTOeHb 11 .r:~o6pi:;

apryMeHTHpaHb npt.meAb Ha 11CTOpH51Ta Ha CocpV151, KaTo ce no3osasa Ha MHoro6poi1H11 no-CTapH as

TOp11.4) 0THOCI1TeJ1HO u,bpKBaTa Cs. Cocp1151 TOH np11sem,IJ,a 6yKsanHo U,VITV1paHVI51 no·ropt, (m. 3a6. 1)

1) Flntonii Bonfinii Historia Pannonica sive Hungaricarum rerum decades IV, Bb neTaTa KHHra Ha TpeT5!Ta UeKaUa, CTp. 322 Ha l<bOnHCKOTO H3IlaHHe OTb 1 E90 fOil ., KOeTO CaMO MH 6-twe IlOCT!i'.nHO : urbs a tempJo, quod magnifico sumptu lustinianus erexit, Sophiae nomen accepit, Sardicia olim dicta, a Sardis et Dacis, qui earn incoluere; deinde Bulgarorum inundatione et assiduis Transistrianorum eruptionibus labefactata, sibi templi tantum nomen servavit.

2) noCOYBaHeTO Ha T03H H3TOYHHI<b Ilbn»<a Ha npo¢. tiop. Y1saHOBb. 6Horpa¢H5!Ta ( lustiniani vita) e H3-uaueHa OTb J . Bryce Bb Flrchivio della Reale Societa Romana di storia patria X, 1887, 137-171 H Bb The english historical review II, 1837, 657-684 (1-1 ust,T-t T-t3H H3uaHH5! MH ocTaHaxa 3a manocTb HeuocT!i'.nHH). Cp. BacHn be s b, Bonpocb o cnaB5!HCKOMb npoH3XO»<UeHiH IOcTHHHaHa, Bb BH3aHTiikKii1 speMeHHHI<b I, 1894, 469-492; Jag i c, Bb Flrchiv fi.ir slavische Philologie X 492; n . c bl p Ky,

BpeM5! H mH3Hb naTpiapxa EseHMi5! TepHOBCKaro (l<b HCTopiH HCnpasneHi5! KHHTD Bb 6onrapiH Bb XIV stK-t, TOMb I), Cn6. 1898, CTp. 527-538. BbnpoCbTb, uanH MapHasHYb e caMb asTopb Ha 6Horpa¢H5!Ta HnH 11 e np-tH3Uanb cnopeUb no-CTapb H3TOYHHKb, HioMa 3a HaCb 3HaYeHHe. (HrypHO e, Ye .,06S!CHeHHS!Ta" , KOHTO Bb Cny

Ya5! HH HHTepecysaTb, Cli'. CbCTaBeHH OTb CaMH5! MapHaBHYb.

:1) Sardica progressu temporis a templo lustiniani Sophiae nomen ad hodiernum usque diem usurpavit. Flnte fares dicti templi lustinianus nobile sarcophagum Bogomilo seu Domnioni sanctissimo viro excitavit, carminibusque super crustas marmoreas illustravit. UHTaTbTb 3aeMaMb OTb ( bl pI< y, UHT. CbY . CTp. 535 3a6. 4.

4) Fleta Bulgariae ecclesiastica, ed. Fermendziu (Monumenta Slavorum meridionalium vol. XVIII), Zagra

biae 1887, CTp. 226-245.

np0113XOH<l!eHHeTO Ha l!Bi;Ti; nereHl!H 119

naca»<.b OTb 5oHcpHHYI, <meTo MHi>HYie HanbnHo cnogi>nSI, t<aKTO ce BI1»<Aa no-HaTaTbKb Bb panopTa

OTb AYMYITi> MY: ,rpagbTb He e noCTpoeHb OTb IOcTYIHYiaHa, a caMO xpaMbTb Ha cs. Cocp11S1" .1)

Tosa TOnt<03b pa3npocrpaHeHo MHi>HI1e 3a cbrpa»<.gaHeTo Ha cocp11?icKaTa Cs. Cocp11S1 OTb

IOcTHHHaHa He BHHarH e 61-1no npY!eMaHo 6e3b KpY1TI1t<a Yl OTb no-cTapHT-5 nYICaTenYI. J.iHTepeceHb e

Bb TOBa OTHOWeHI1e e,ll.YIHb naca»<.b y YICTOpY!Ka OTb XVI Ri>Kb J.1 0 a H b n e y H K n a B 1-1, I<OHTO

Hi>Ma ga 6F!;,ll.e H3nHWHO ,ll.a npYIBe,ll.eMb H3U,tno, nOHe»<.e TO?i e TBbp,ll.-5 xapaKTepeHb 3a HeSICHYITi>

Yl noBpbXHOCTHYI npi>,ll.CTaBneHHSI, I<OYITO TOfaBaWHYITi> yYeHYI (}!; 11ManYI 3a CocpHSI . neyHKnaBH, KOi1TO

e 6Hnb ni14HO Bb CocpYIS!, Bb 104-1151 naHgeKTb KbMb H3,ll.ageHYITi> OTb Hero ,f\HanYI Ha Typct<Yirl

cynTaHYI" n1-1we: ,AOCTaTb4HO e YI3Bi>CTHO HMeTo Ha Cocp11S1, Ha roni>M11SI 1-1 go6pi> HaceneHb rpagb Ha

5bnrapHS1, t<O?iTo He e yKpi>neHb OTb HYIKOSI CTpaHa. TaMb HYie npi>CTOSIXMe Hi>Ko?i 1-1 APYfb geHb ...

5oHcpHHYI t<a3Ba, 4e rpagbTb e nony4Yinb HMeTo c11 OTb xpaMa, t<oiho _ Cb roni>Mo senYIKOni>nHe

Cbrpa,ll.Hnb IOCTYIHI1aHb. 06a4e TYKb Tat<bBb xpaMb HHKOfa HYITO e HMano, HHTO nbKb MO»<.e nOHe ,ll.a

ce n03Hae no Hi>KaKBI1 py11H11; a ye e 6Hnb Hape4eHb T03YI rpagb no u,ap11rpagct<Y1~ xpaMb, Koiho

IOcTHHYiaHb Bb3,ll.l1fHanb no Hal1-6ni>cTSIW,b Ha411Hb Ha cs. CocpY!st, T- e. Ha Y!MeTo Ha 6o»<.eCTBeHaTa

MF!;,ll.pOCTb, t<o?i 61-1 nosi>psanb, KoraTo TOH OTCTOYI OTb Ll.a p1-1rpagb Ha 14 1-1n11 15 .n.eHa nF!;Tb . . . VI

HaYICTYIHa Ti>3YI pa6oTYI He Tpi>6sa .n.a ce TbpCstTb TYKb, HYITO ,ll.Hecb (rpa,ll.bTb) ce t<a3Ba CocpYISI, a

TpHa,ll.YIU,J, t<OeTo HMe, t<aKTO n11we YICTOpHKbTb ln11t<aCb, TOH HOCi>nb ow,e Bb Heroso spi>Me" ."')

npaBYI npi>,ll.YI BCYI4KO Bne4aTneHI1e, 4e neyHt<naBI1 He e MO»<.anb .n.a yye Bb CocpHSI HYIW,O

3a u,bpt<BaTa, t<OSITO no TOBa sptMe (KbMb 1583 rog.) e 61-1na se4e o6bpHara Bb g»<.aMvtst. Ow,e no

YynHo e, 4e TOH, Mat<apb .n.a 3ano4sa pa3t<a3a c11 Cb YIMeTo Ha rpa.n.a Cocp11S1, t<OeTo 61-1no ,. .n.ocTa

Tb~HO no3HaTo", Bb KpaS! Heo~aKBaHo Cb06w,asa, 4e T03YI rpa.D.b Bb06w,e He ce Ka3sanb Cocp11S1, a

TpY!a,ll.Yiu,a, 6e3b .n.a HH t<a»<.e, KF!;,ll.-5 ce e HaMY!panb, cnopegb HerOBOTO MHi>HI1e, nbpBYISITb rpagb.

T-5311 CBOYI 3a6ny»<.AeHYISI neyHKnaBYI OT4aCTI1 e nonpaBI1nb Bb Hi>MCI<OTO Yl3,ll.aHYie Ha "f\Hani1Ti>"'

cni>.D.b t<aTo e Y!Manb cnyYa?i .n.a npo4eTe onHcaHI1eTo Ha rpaga y gpyr1-1 no-cTapH nF!;TewecTc eHHU.~A.'')

0Tb Yl36poeHYITi> AOTYKb u,HTaTYI ce BYI»<.ga, 4e 3a Cbrpa»<.gaHeTo Ha Cs. CocpYIS! Cih CF!;W,e

CTsysanYI caMo gs-5 nereHAH: e.n.HaTa npocTOHapogHa, cnopegb KOSITO U,bpt<BaTa 611na cbrpageHa

OTb Hi>t<OSI CYI npHHu,eca CocpHS!, npY!Ha.n.ne»<.aw,a t<bMb cpaMYinYISITa Ha KoHCTaHTYIHa BenYit<l1, a .n.pyraTa

nYITepaTypHa, cnope,ll.b I<OSITO ll,bpt<BaTa 611na Cbrpa.n.eHa OTb IOCTI1HYiaHa. no J<at<bBb Ha4YIHb e

61-1na Cb3.D.a.n.eHa nHTepaTypHaTa nereHga, He e TPYAHO ga ce OTfaTHe. Ha nbpBO Mi>CTO TSI e 6J.1na

nOBni1SIHa 6e3b CbMHi>HYie OTb CbBnageHHeTO Cb YIMeTO Ha 3HaMeHYITaTa u,apHrpa,ll.CI<a ll,bpKBa Ha

IOcTHHY!aHa. 06a4e caMo TOBa o6CTmnencTBO He e AOCTaTb4HO .n.a HYI o6SICHYI, 3aw,o Cbrpa»<..n.aHeTo

Y1 Ha COcp11HCI<aTa U,bpt<Ba ce e np11nYICBano Ha CF!;UJ,VISI HMnepaTOpb- Ha MHOfO .D.pyrYI Mi:>CTa <F!;UJ,O

Y!Ma u,bpKBI1, nocsereHH Ha cs. CocpYIS!, HO Cbrpa.n.eHYI Bb nO-KbCHO spi>Me, t<aTO Hanp. Bb OxpY!ga,

MYICTpa, Tpane3yHAb, KHeBb 1-1 gp., 3a KOYITO, Bbnpi>t<l1 HAeHTYI4HOCTbTa Ha YIMeHaTa, no.n.o6Ha nereHga

He CF!;w,ecTsysa. $lsHo e cni>.n.osaTenHo, 4e np1-1 Cb3,ll.aBaHero Ha nHTepaTypHaTa nereH.n.a 3a cbrpa»<.ga

HeTO Ha cocpHi1ct<aTa Cs. Cocp11S1 e 11rpanb ponS! Yl egHHb xpoHonorl14eHb eneMeHTb, t<OHTO MO»<.e ga

6F!;,ll.e 3aYIMCTByBaHb CaMO OTb npOCTOHapO,ll.HaTa nereH,ll.a, Bb KOSITO Cbrpa»<.,ll.aHeTO Ha ll,bpt<BaTa Ce

OTHaCSI l<bMb nbpB11Ti> Bpi>MeHa Ha XpHCTHSIHCTBOTO. ni1TepaTypHaTa nereH,ll.a, KaTO e ,ll.bp»<.ana CMi>Tt<a

I) naiHH11) . ~) Joann::s Leunclavius, F\nnales sultanorum

Othmanidarum, editio alt~ra, Francofurdi 1596, CTp . 158 (naH.!lei<Tb 104l: Satis notum est Sophiae nomen, opidi Bulgariae magni et populosi, licet nulla sit ex parte munitum. lbi diem nos unum et alterum haesimus .. . Bonfinius ait, urbem a templo, quod magnifico sumptu lustinianus exstruxerit, nomen accepisse. F\tqui nullum heic templum tale vel olim fuit, vel hodie saltim ex aliquibus ruinis agnosci potest; et a templo Constantinopolitan c ,

quod lustinianus Sanctae Sophiae sive Dei sapientiae nomine splendidissimum condidit, hoc opidum, 14 vel 15 dierum itinere dissitum a Constantinopoli , vocatum fuisse , quis credat? . . . Ea vero non heic quaerenda, nee hodie Sophia dicitur, sed Triaditza, quod ei nomen etiam aetate sua fui sse, Glycas noster scripsit. 0Tb Ta3H KHHra Ha neyHKJlaBH HMa 11 el!HHb Hi;MCKH npi;BO.!lb nOllb 3arJlaBHe Neuwe Chronica Turckischer Nation von Tilrcken selbst beschrieben , Frankfurt am Meyn 1595, ni;To (c1p. 253) UHTHpaHHS!Tb TyKb nacamb e l!al!eHb Cb Hi;KOH l!O· nbJlHeHHSI; rn. TeKCTa y npoTHYb, Cs. Co<j>HSI, CTp. llOcn.

3) Ill. Hi;MCKHS! TeKCTb Cb npi;BO.!lb y n poTH y b,

Cs. Co<j>HSI, c1p. 110 en.

120 f\pXHTeKrypHO-HCTOpH 4eCKHrl; np06JJeMH

3a rosa o6eT051Tenerso, He e Morna .n,a noerasvt Cbrpam.n,aHero Ha LI,bpKsara Sb e.n,Ha or.n,ane4eHa

Tsbp.n,i; MHOro OTb rosa sp-EMe enoxa. Cb e.n,Ha .n,yMa, MO»<e .n,a ce Kame, npoeroHapo.n,Hara H nvtre

parypHara nereH,D,H HMaTb rosa H-Ew,o o6w,o noMe»<AY CH, 4e ri; H .n,si;ri; csbp3saTb ebrpa»<.n,aHero

Ha LI,bpKSaTa Cb HMeHaTa Ha OH-E3H ,D,SaMa 6nvt3KJ.1 nO sp-EMe Bna.n,i;renH, I<OHTO eb CBOHT-E MHOr0-

6pOHHJ.1 nOCTpOHKH e}i':. CH cne4enHnH cnasara Ha Hai1-ron-EMH eTpOHTenH, KaKSHTO J.1CTOpH51Ta Sb06w,e

no3Hasa. no raKbSb Ha4HHb 4aCTb orb cnasara Ha KoHeTaHTHHa BenvtKH H tOervtHHaHa e 6vtna

np-EXsbpneHa J.1 Sbpxy CaMaTa LI,bpKsa, KOSITO J.1 Sb .n,si;ri; nereH,D,H ee C4J.1Ta enHaKSO ,D,OeTOHHa 3a

TaKaBa y4aCTb.

nvtreparypHaTa nereH.n,a, eni;,D,b KaTO SH,D,i;XMe, no KaKbBb Ha4J.1Hb e 6vtna T51 Cb3,D,a,D,eHa, He

np-E.n,crc~s51 _3a HaCb oco6eHb HHrepeCb. 06a4e npoeroHapo.n,HaTa nereH.n,a He e 6e3b 3Ha4eHHe 3a

.n,arara Ha LI,bpKsara. ,lJ,HeCb, Koraro pa3KOm<Hrs YSICHHXa Bb ron-EMa creneHb vtcropH51Ta Ha LI,bp

Ksara, He MO>t<e .n,a ee OTKa»<e, 4e Ta3J.1 nereH.n,a HMa J.13S-EeTHa HeTOpH4eCKa OCHOSa. Y M-ECTHOTO

HaeeneHvte no Tpa.n,HLI,H51 Bb npo.n,bn»<eHvte Ha cTon-En151 ce e ena3Hnb enoMeHbTb, 4e Ha4anoro Ha

Cs. Cocpvt51 Sb3nH3a KbMb Hai1-crapvtr-E xpHCTH51HCKI1 sp-EMeHa H pe3ynrarvtr-E OTb pa3KOnKHT-E, oco6Ho

OTKpvtsaHeTo Ha .n,s-Er-E no-crapvt LI,bpKsH Ha M-EeToro Ha Cs. Cocpvt51, norsbp.n,51saTb HanbnHo Ta3H

Tpa,D,HLI,H51. 1\Ko o6a4e LI,bpKsara 6H 6vtna noCTpoeHa sb MHoro no-KbCHa enoxa, oeo6Ho cn-E.n,b

np-Es3eMaHeTo Ha Cocpvt51 OTb 6bnrapvtr-E, TO M}i':.4HO 6vt Morna .n,a ce .n,onyo-Ie, 4e Ta3H KbCHa .n,aTa

He e OKa3ana HHKaKso snHSIHHe sbpxy nereH.n,ara. Hanporvtsb Bb TaKbSb cny4ai1 6vt rp-E6sano .n,a ce

04aKsa, W,OTO nereH,D,aTa .n,a CSbp>t<e nOCTp051S8HeTO Ha LI,bpKSaTa Cb .n,pyro H-EKOe C}i':.,D,60HOCHO HMe

HnH Cb6HTJ.1e OTb TOSa spi;Me, KaTO Hanp. nOKpbCTSaHeTO Ha 6bnrapvtri; HnH na.n,aHeTO Ha nbpSOTO

6bnrapCKO LI,apCTSO nO,D,b SH3aHTJ.1HLI,J.1Ti;,

no TaKbBb Ha4J.1Hb, KOnKOTO J.1 .n,a e He06XO,D,J.1MO .n,a 6}i':.,D,eMb ripi;.n,na3nHSJ.1 npH H3nOn3yBa

HeTO Ha nereH,D,H Sb e,D,HO HeTOpH4eCKO J.13Cni;.n,saHe, see nalt<eMb .n,a He

npH3HaeMb, 4e npoeroHapo.n,Hara nereH.n,a norsbp,D,S!Sa .n,o6HTH51 OTb Haeb pe3ynraTb 3a .n,arara Ha Cs.

Cocpvt51 .n,oTonK03b, AOKOnKOTO H T51 OTHaC51 ebrpam.n,aHeTo Ha LI,bpKsaTa ow,e Sb crapoxpHCTHSIH

cKara enoxa.

3. Cs. CocpY151 Yl UbpKOBHaTa apxY!TeKTypa Bb Mana-A3YI51 -

no-rop-E HHe J.13Tbi<HaxMe, 4e Ha4HHbTb Ha rpa.n,ema Ha Cs. Cocpvt51, KaKTO J.1 caMJ.151Tb erpOHTe

neHb Marepvtanb HOe51Tb YHero svt3aHTHHCKH xapaKrepb (eTp. 13 en.). Tyxnvtr-E, xopocaHbTb, Herosoro

cnaraHe Bb .n,e6enH nnaerose, noeraS51Hero Ha e.n,HHb n051Cb OTb neTb pe.n,a ryxnH Sb KaMeHHara

3J.1,D,apvt51 Ha OCHOSHT-E - SC144KO TOSa HanbnHO ce CXO»<,D,a Cb paHHOBJ.13aHTJ.1HCKJ.151 Ha4J.1Hb Ha rpa.n,e>t<b,

KaKTO roi1 HH e H3B-EcreHb H OTb H-EKoH noerpoi1KH Bb 6bnrapvt51, rnasHo OTb K10ereH.n,Hnb H OTb

XvteapCKHT-E 6aHJ.1 Sb nnos,D,HSCKO. npH see TOBa LI,bpKsara Cs. CocpH51 He MO>t<e .n,a ce Hape4e

SJ.13aHTHHCKa nOeTpOHKa, aKO Bb T051 eny4aH HMaMe npi;.n,b SH,D,b C}i':.llJ,J.1HCKaTa BH3aHTHHCKa apXHTeK

Typa TaKa, KaKTO T51 ce e pa3svtna Sb OpvteHTa cn-E.n,b sp-EMero Ha tOerHHHaHa.

Be4e o6w,H51Tb ocHoseHb nnaHb Ha Cs. CocpH51 ee ornH4asa p-E3KO OTb o6HKHOBeHH51 nnaHb

Ha SJ.13aHTJ.1HCK!H-E LI,bp!<SH. Ha nbpso M-ECTO rpi;6sa .n,a ce J.13Tbi<He Sb TOSa OTHOWeHHe nHnCaTa Ha

.n,si; no-ManKH ancvt.n,H orerpaHH Ha rnasHara ancvt.n,a Ha Cs. CocpvtSI. HavtCTHHa, ManKHT-E erpa

HH4HH anCH,D,H nvtneBaTb J.1 Sb H-EKOH paHHOBJ.13aHTJ.1HCI<J.1 LI,bpKSH, KaKTO Hanp. Sb LI,apvtrpa.n,eKaTa

Cs. Cocpvt51. 06a4e rosa H-Ew,o ce SIB51Ba caMo Karo H3Knl04eHHe. TvtnH4HH51Tb nnaHb Ha BH3aHTHi1-

cKaTa LI,bpKBa e BHHarvt Cb rp11 anCHAH - e.n,Ha oco6HOCTb, KOSITO e np-EMvtHana Bb Bvt3aHTHSI s-E

p051THO OTb crapoxpvtCTHSIHCKara LI,bpKosHa apxvtreKrypa Bb CvtpH51, .n,-Ero T51 ce cp-Ew,a ow,e TBbp.n,i;

paHo. 1) no51S51BaHeTO Ha .n,si;ri; erpaHJ.14HJ.1 anCH,D,I-1 e 6vtno np-E.n,H3BHKaHO OTb HY»<AHT-E

Ha LI,bpKOBHara cny»<6a, KOHTO C}i':. HanaranH e.n,Ho ysenvt4eHHe Ha anrapHOTO npoerpaHcrso. Heo6-

1) Cp. J o s. S tr z yg ow ski, Kleinasien, CTp. 43; Die hI, Manuel d'art Byzantin, crp. 163.

Cs. Co<jm 11 11 BH 33HTHHCKHTt. UbpKBH 121

XO)J,VIMO e 611110 npi:,AVI BCWII<O )J,a Ce Cb3)J,a)J,aTb Cneu,vtanHvt OT)J,i;neHI-151 OTb e)J,Ha CTpaHa 3a >t<epT

BeHvtTi; Aapose (prothesis), OTb Apyra - 3a na3eHeTO Ha amapHvtT-E c"'AOBe 11 OAe»<Avt (diakonikon).

Ta3vt cny»<6a c"' vt3nb!1H51Banvt Bb cvtpvtHCKvtT-E 11 Bvt3aHTvti1ct<vtT-E u,bpt<Bvt AB-ETt, CTpaHvtYHvt ancvt)J,vt.

06aYe npo6neMaTa 3a ysenvtYeHvteTo Ha anTapHOTO npoCTpaHcTBO, K051TO e vtrpana rpaMaAHa pon51

Bb pa3BvtTvteTo Ha u,bpt<OBHaTa apxvtTet<Typa, e 6vtna pa3p-EweHa Bb pa3HvtT-E CTpaHvt no pa3Hvt Ha

YvtHvt. ETo 3al.I..I,O cpopMaTa Ha anTapHOTO npoCTpaHCTBO vtMa ront.Mo 3HaYeHvte, t<OraTo ce t<acae Aa

ce onp-EA-Envt apxvtTeKTYPHI151Tb xap3t<Tepb Ha e)J,Ha u,bpt<sa.

Bb cocpvtHCKaTa Ca. Coqm51 Hvte c"'l.I..I,O HaMvtpaMe ysenvtYeHvte Ha anTapHoTo npoCTpaHCTBO,

HO Bb T0311 cnyYaH TO e nOCTvtrHaTO Yp-E3b npvt6aB51HeTO Ha e)J,VIHb KBa)J,paTb np-EA!> C"'l.I..I,VIHCKaTa

ancvtAa , a He Yp-E3b AB-E BTopoCTeneHHvt CTpaHvtYHvt anCvt)J,vt . 6narOAapeHvte Ha T0311 KBaApaTb 11 Ha

ne»<al.l..l,vt51 np-EAb Hero Hanp-EYeHb t<opa6b, Ca. Cocpvt51 A06vtsa cpopMaT.a Ha naTvtHCKvt51 t<pbCTb -1-. Bb TOBa o6cT051TencTBO ce 3at<ntaYaBa BTopaTa \::"'l.l..l,eCTBeHa oco6HOCTb, K051TO oTnvtYasa npvtHU,vt

nvtanHo cocpvtikKaTa Ca. Cocpvt51 OTb Bvt3aHTI1HCt<vtT-E u,bpt<Bvt. HavtCTvtHa, npvt T-E3vt nocn-EAHvtT-E, oco6Ho

Bb no-paHWHI-151 nepvtOAb, nta6vtMaTa cpopMa e nat<b t<pbcTaTaTa . 06aye Bvt3aHTvtHCKaTa u,bpt<Ba vtMa

o6vtt<HoBeHo cpopMaTa Ha rpbu,l<vt51 pasHopaMeHeHb KpbCTb +. snvtcaHb Bb eAvtHb I<BaApaTb. Kyno

nbTb ce vt3Avtra Bb cp-EAaTa Ha KpbCTa, TaMb, At.To ce np-EcvtYaTb AB-ET-E MY paMeHa, 11 3aeMa no

T03vt HaYvtHb u,eHTpanHo M-ECTo Bb u,bpi<BaTa. Bb cocpvtHCI<aTa Ca. Cocpvt51 ~<ynonbrb, HanpoTvtBb, ce

113)J,vtra Bb 113TOYHaTa YaCTb Ha U,bpt<BaTa 11 CbBC-EMb H-EM a TOBa U,eHTpanHO 3Ha l.J eHvte 3a u,i;naTa

noCTpOHI<a, Kai<TO Bb Bl13aHTI1HCKI1Tt, U,bpi<BVI.

f\1<0 OTb o6l.l..l,vt51 nnaHb Ha Ca. Cocpvt51 MvtHeMb KbMb HeHHvtT-E noAp06HOCTvt, l.l..l,e I<OHCTaTvt

paMe nal<b peAvtU,a OTI<J10HeHI151 OTb TOBa , KOeTO Ce CYV!Ta 3a Tpa)J,vtU,VIOHHO Bvt3aHTvtl1ct<O. nvtnCaTa

Ha l<ai<BVITO 11 )J,a 611110 I<OJ10HI1, I<OVITO C;¥;. 3aM-EHeHvt Cb YeTBbpT11TI1 )J,e6envt CTbJ160Be (nvt

naCTpvt); nvtncaTa Ha KanvtTenvt Bbpxy T-E3vt CTbn6ose, I<OvtTO no Ta3vt npvtYvtHa ce cmm::JTb Ha

npaso Cb ne>t<al.l..l,vtT-E onopt, 11Mb ap1<11 , KaTo o6pa3ysaTb Cb T-EX'l> e)J,Ha u,-Ena Henp-EK"'CHaTa nno

CI<OCTb; nvtncaTa Ha eMnopvt Bbpxy CTpaHvtYHvtT-E 1<0pa611; nvtncaTa, HaH-nocnt,, Ha l<ai<BaTO 11 Aa 6vtno

no-6oraTa B"'Tp-EwHa )J,et<OpaU,I151 11 pa3YJ1eHeHvte Ha apXvtTei<TypHvtTi; cpOpMvt - BCVIYI<O TOBa OTJ111-

YaBa p-E3KO cocpvtHcKaTa Ca. Cocpvt51 OTb e)J,Ha c"'l.l..l,vtHCKa Bvt3aHmHcl<a u,bpKsa. C"'l.I..I,O 11 CTpaHvtYHHT-E

OTA-EneHvt51 npvt cpaca)J,aTa Ha Ca. Cocpvt51 oCTasaTb 6e3b CbOTB-ETHvtT-E Bvt3aHTvtHCKvt napanenvt.

0Tb t<a3aHOTO AOTYKb CTasa 51 BHO, Ye cocpvtHCKaTa Ca. Cocpvt51, Bbnp-Et<vt Bvt3aHTvtHCKI151 HaYvtHb

Ha rpaAe»<b, He MO»<e Aa ce npvtYvtcnvt KbMb BH3aHTvtHCKaTa u,bpt<OBHa apx1-net<Typa . Tosa Ht.l.l..l,o Ha

npbBb norneAb vt3rne»<Aa ManKo CTpaHHO. nocTpoeHa Bb eAvtHb rpa)J,b, KOHTO ce HaMvtpa TbH 6nvt3o

AO u,eHTpa Ha Bvt3aHTI151 11 Yatt<vt Ha e)J,V!Hb OTb HaH-rnaBHvtTi> n"'Tvtl.l..l,a, KOVITO 113XO>t<)J,aTb OTb

Ll,apvtrpa)J,b, Ta3vt U,bpKBa OCTaBa nOYTVI CbBC-EMb YY»<Aa Ha Bvt3aHTI1HCKaTa apXvtTeKTypa Bb HeHHI-151

TvtnvtYeHb Bvt)J,b. Tosa o6cT051TenCTBO CTaBa Ol.l..l,e no-vtHTepecHo, t<aTo ce B3eMe np-EAb BvtD.b ron-EMaTa

et<cnaH3vtBHOCTb 11 »<vt3Hecnoco6HOCTb Ha Bvt3aHTHHCKaTa apxvtTet<Typa, oco6Ho OTb VI AO IX st.Kb, t<oraTo

T51 cvt e nOAYvtHvtna He caMo OpvteHTa, HO cvt e npo6vtna n"'Tb Aa»<e 11 Ha 3ana)J,b, oco6Ho Bb vhanvt51 .

Katt<eHvte 11 )J,bJ160KO BJ11151Hvte Ha Bvt3aHTI1HCKaTa apXvtTet<Typa?

f\1<0 He VICKaMe )J,a )J,OnycHeMb Bb HaWI-151 cnyYaH e)J,HO YVICTO 113KYCTBeHO npi;HaC51He Ha apXvtTet<Typ

HaTa cpOpMa, OTrOBOpbTb Ha T0311 BbnpOCb MO>t<e )J,a 6"'Ae CaMO e)J,vtHb, a vtMeHHO KaTO npvteMeMb,

Ye Ca. Co¢ :151 e 6vtna noCTpoeHa Ol.l..l,e np-EAvt nbnHOTO pa3BvtTvte Ha Bvt3aHTvtHCKaTa U,bpt<OBHa apxvt

TeKTypa 111111, Cb Apyrvt AYMvt, np-EAvt Ol.l..l,e Ta3vt apxvtTeKTypa Aa e A06vtna nbnHo 11 vt3KntOYvtTenHo

rOCnO)J,CTBO Bb OI<OJ1HY!Ti; CTpaHvt. f\1<0 TOBa Hallie 3aKJ1tOYeHvte e npaBO, TO Hvte )J,06vtBaMe Cb Hero

Ol.l..l,e e)J,HO noTBbp»<AeHvte 3a paHWHaTa AaTa Ha U,bpKBaTa Cs. Cocpvt51.

HapeAb Cb TOBa ce 51B51Ba APYrb e)J,HHb Bbnpocb OTb t<anvtTanHa Ba»<HOCTb, KOHTO 3acny»<aBa

HaH-cepvto3HO BHvtMaHvte: at<o cocpvtHCKaTa Ca . Cocpvt51, KaKTO BvtA-EXMe, He MO»<e Aa ce t<nacvtcpvtu,vtpa

KaTO Bl13aHTV!HCKa noCTpOHKa, TO K"'At, Tpi;6sa )J,a TbpCvtMb np0113XO»<)J,eHvteTO Ha HeHHaTa apxvtTeK-

Cs. Co q>Ho. 16

122 flpnneKTypHO-HCTOpHYeCIUfli; npo6neMH

TOHCI<a <j>OpMa , OTI<i'i',D,-t Ci'i' 11,D,"tm1 OHi>311 apX11Tet<TypH11 Tpa,D,I11..1,1111, 1<011TO Bb CllyYast Clf... Ce yt<a -

3aJll1 nO-CI1JlHI1 OTb cTp011TeJlHI1T-t noxsaTI1 Ha 6Jll13t<aTa Bl13aHTI1st 11 Bbo6we l<bMb KOSI rpyna U.bpKBH

w,e Tpt6sa ,D,a np114HCJli1Mb Tast nocTpOI1t<a?

Vf3yysaHI1SITa , HanpaBeHI1 npt3b nOCll"t,D,HI1T-t ,D,eCeTI1Ha rO,D,I1HI1 Sbpxy U,bpi<OSHaTa apXHTeK

Typa Sb slf...TptwHOCTbTa Ha Mana-fh11st, ,D,a,D,oxa Ta1<11sa HeoYaKsaHI1 pe3ynTaTI1 , I<011TO He MO>t<exa

,D,a He 113MtHSITb KOpeHHO Sb MHOrO OTHOWeHI1SI HaWI1Tt no-paHWHI1 Sb3rlle,D,I1 BbpXy pa3B11TI1eTO Ha

CTpOHTeJlHOTO 113KYCTSO 11 SbpXy np0113XO>t<,D,eHI1eTO Ha MHOro OTb apX11Tet<TypHHn cpopM11.

HaHCTI1Ha, 113stcTHI1 oco6HOCTH Ha poMaHct<aTa apX11TeKTypa, KOI1TO HaM11pa x a 3a6-tnt>t<I1TellHI1 aHa

nori1H Sb naMeTHI11..1,11 OTb Kana,D,OI<HSI, nHI<aOHI1SI H VlcaspHSI Sb Mana-fbi1SI, 6txa np11BJlti<Jll1 OT

,D,asHa SHHMaHHeTO Ha Hti<011 yYeHI1 Sbpxy Tt311 naMeTHI11..1,11. 1) np11 see TOSa ,D,Op11 Sb 1903 rD,D,HHa

Vloc11cpb CTp11rosc1<11 sb csostTa cneu,11a11Ha 1<H11ra , Bb t<OstTO TOH 113TbKHa 3a npbsb n i'i'Tb no y6t

A11TelleHb Ha411Hb rpaMa,D,HOTO 3HaYeHI1e Ha MaJlOa311SITCK11iB apX11TeKTypH11 naMeTHI11..1,11, MO>t<ewe

ow,e ,D,a 03HaYI1 Ma11a-fb11st KaTo ,Hosa 3eMst 3a 11CTOp11stTa Ha 113KYCTSOTO" .2) Onorasa HacaMb see

noseYe 11 noseYe ce 113TbKsa samHaTa ponst , KOSITO Ta311 cTpaHa, Hape,D,b Cb C11p1-1st, e 11rpana He

CaMO Sb pa3BI1TI1eTO Ha Xp11CTI1SIHCTSOTO 11 HerOBI1n ,D,OrMI1 Sb06w,e, HO TaKa Clf...W,O 11 OC06HO 3a

pa3SI1TI1eTO Ha u,tllOTO Xp11CTI1SIHCKO 113KYCTSO. ~)

Mana-fbl1st e nptA11 SCI1YKO IliOJlKaTa Ha OHa311 U,bpKOSHa cpopMa, t<OstTO HaM11paMe np11

cocp11HCKaTa Cs. Cocp11st, a 11MeHHO Ha 3acso,D,eHaTa KynonHa 6a311J111t<a. ~) 5e3b ,D,a ce cn11paMe TYKb

Sbpxy CnOpH11SI SbnpOCb 3a npOH3XO>t<D.eHI1eTO Ha CaMaTa 6a311JII1Ka - e,D,I1Hb SbnpOCb, I<OHTO 3a

HaCb H"tMa OC06HO 3HaYeHI1e - w,e 3a6tnt>t<I1Mb CaMO, Ye np11 CTapOXp11CTI1SIHCI<I1Tt 6a311Jll11<11

HaM11paMe ,D,sa np11HU,I1nl1aJlHO pa3Jli14HI1 Ha411Ha , no I<011TO e 611J1b HanpaseHb noKp11SbTb. Ha 3ana,D,b

113KiliOYI1TellHO 11 Sb xeneHI1CTI1Yect<I1Tt u,eHTpose Ha Op11eHTa Bb noseYeTo cnyYal1 cptw,aMe o6HKHO

seHI1st nno<:cKb noKpl1sb, t<oiho n0411sa sbpxy AbpseHaTa I<OHCTPYKU.I1st . Bb Slf...Tp-twHOCTbTa Ha Mana

A311st, A-tTo AbpseHHSITb MaTep11allb e 61111b TSbp,D,t OCI<lf...,D,eHb, ce pa3BI1Sa, nO,D,b SJli1SIHI1eTo Ha CTapo

op11eHTallCKI1 Tpa,D,11U.1111, ow,e Tsbp,D,-t paHo 3acso,D,stSaHeTo Ha 6a311Ill1t<aTa . C11p11st Bb Tosa OTHOWeHI1e

3aeMa nptXO,D,HO MtCTO, TbK KaTO Sb Hest , Hape,D,b Cb 3aCBO,D,SISaHeTO, ce cp-tw,a 11 nllOCI<I1SITb

noKp11sb. Manoa311stTcKaTa 6a311Il11Ka ce OTili1Yasa o6aYe He caMo no 3acso,D,stsaHeTo c11, HO owe 11

no TOSa, Ye Sbpxy rnaSHI1SI H KOpa6b ce 113,D,I1ra e,D,I1Hb KynOllb, KOHTO C06CTBeHO CbCTaSSI 0TJli1-

411TeJlHHSI H 6tn-trb 11 xa paKTep11311pa 3acso,D,eHaTa t<ynonHa 6a311Il11Ka. T a311 cpopMa ce pa3s11sa

Sb Mana-f\31151 OTb IV ,D,O VI s"tKb. ") E.o.11Hb OTb Haii-cTapHT-t np11M"tp11 e 6a3111lHKaTa Sb Ko,D,ma

Kanecl1 (o6p. 115), KOstTo ce ,D,aT11pa sb IV 111111 V stKb. 0) Bb HaYanoTo Ha V s-tKb ce ,D,aT11pa

11 6a3HJl11KaTa Sb IOpMe, KOstTO 3a >t<anocTb seye e noym Cbsc"tMb pa3pyweHa . ' ) ,lJ,pyrH np11-

M"tp11 OTb Clf...W,11st Tl1nb C!'K U,bpKsHTt Cs. KnHMeHTb Sb f\Hropa (aHTHYHaTa f\ncyra), 8) Cs. H11-

Konai1 Sb M11pa , 9) u,bpKsaTa Sb ilepe-f\w11, 10) 6a31111HKaTa Bb Kacpb-116Hb- sap,D,aHb Bb C11p11st 11) 11 AP ·

3acso,D,eHaTa KynonHa 6a311Ili1Ka , KaKTO 113rnem,D,a , He e Moma ,D,a ce pa3npocTpaHI1 SbHb

OTb Mana-f\3Hst 11 C11p11st, A-tTo Tst cJKw,o 113Ye3sa nocTeneHHO OTb VI s-tKb HaTaTbKb. 12) 0Tb Hest

o6aYe Sb Bl13aHT11SJ, nO,D,b SJll1stHI1eTo Ha rbS1<as11st reHI1H Ha KbCHI1st xeneHI13bMb, ce pa3s11sa Sl13aH-

1) Cp. Die hI, Manuel, cTp. 668-681.

~) Jos. Strz y gowski , Kleinasien , Ein Neuland der Kunstgeschichte, Leipzig 1903.

3) Haf:i-no6p-t e H3TbKHaTa Hanocn-EnbKb Ta3H ponst Ha CHpHst H Mana-fi3Hst y Diehl, Manuel . CTp . 21 H 81 en.

1) Cp. Bbpxy Hest rnaBHO St rzyg ow ski, Kleinasien, CTp . 104-131 H Diehl, Manuel , CTp. 90-94.

·') rn . Strzygow s ki, Kleinasien, CTp. 116 en. H 162; D i e hI , f<\anuel, CTp. 93- 9~ . ilHnb He npasH CTpora pa3-nHKa Me)f{ny C.>ii. WHHCKaTa KynonHa 6a3HnHKa, I<OSITO Ce cp-twa Bb Mana·FI3Hst, H npoH3ni53naTa OTb Hest paH HOBH 3aHTHHCKa KynonHa UbpKBa, nopanH I<OeTO TOH He ce

H31<CI3Ba pi5WHTenHO Bbpxy Bbnpoca 3a npOH3X0)f{fleH HeTO Ha Kyn onHaTa 6a3HnHKa.

r,) Str z yg ows ki , Kleinasien , CTp. 109-115 ; Leclercq y Ca brol, Dictionnaire II 557-559; Dieh I, Manuel , cTp. 91 en.

i) Strzygowski, Kleinasien , CTp. 11 4 en. ') nal<b TaMb CTp. 171 en. V) H. Ro tt, Kleinasiatische Denkmaler, Leipzig

1908, CTp. 327 en. 10) nal<b TaMb CTp. 300 Cn. 11 ) Strzygowsk i , Kleinasien , cTp. 121-131. 12) nal<b TaMb CTp. 185 ; cp. H Springer - Neu

wirth, Handbuch der Kunstgeschichte II 7-MO H3n .• Leipzig 1904, CTp . 38 en . ; Die hI , Manuel, CTp. 406.

ManoaJHSITCKHTE KynonHH 6a3HJlHKH 123

THHCKaTa KynonHa U,bpKsa, KaTo HaH-paHHH H THnHYHH np-BncTaBHrenH Ha K051TO ce 51B51BaTb Cs .

VlpHHa Bb UapHrpanb H Cs. CocpH51 Bb UapHrpanb H ConyHb. Ta3H BH3aHTHHCKa u,bpKsa np-BnCTaB51

6e3b CbMH-BHHe MHoro no-cbsbpweHa cpopMa 3a enHa crpana, np-BnHa3HaYeHa 3a ron-BMo I<OnH

YecTso xopa, Ha KOHTO e Tp-B6sano na ce nane enHaKso no6pa Bb3MO}I{HOCTb na cn-Bn51Tb H3Bbp·

wsaHeTo Ha U,bpKOBHara cny}l{6a. ETo 3aw,o u,eHrpanHara BH3aHTHHCKa nocrpOHKa e HaM-BpHna

TOnK03b 6bp3o H WHpOKO pa3npocrpaHeHHe, KaTo e 3anywHna Cb Toea Bb OpHeHTa £_.~BBHTHeTo Ha

KynonHH51 6a3HnHKaneHb THnb, np-BnH

OW,e TOH na AOCTHrHe OHOBa CBOe Cb·

BbpWeHCTBO, KOeTO HaMHpaMe nO-KbCHO

Ha 3ananb.

f\Ko cn-Bnb T-B3H o6w,H 6-Bn-B}I{KH

ce nOBbpHeMb naKb KbMb COcpHHCKaTa

Cs. CocpH51, To senHara ce xsbpn51Tb Bb

OYH ns-B o6cT051TencTsa: 1) u,bpKsaTa

np-BncTaB51 no CB051Ta cpopMa xapaKTepHa

3acsoneHa KynonHa 6a3HJlHKa H Ta3H

cpopMa, cn-BnosaTenHo, MO}I{e na 6JKne

3aera caMo OTb Mana-f\3H51, H 2) u,bp·

KBaTa Tp-B6sa na 6JKne nocrpoeHa Hai1-

KbCHO Bb VI s-BKb, noHe}l{e no·KbCHo

KynonHara 6a3HJlHKa Bb OpHeHTa ce H3·

M-BCT51 OTb u,eHTpanHaTa BH3aHTHHCKa

nocTpOHKa.

Bbpxy sTopoTo o6cT051TencTso

H-BMa 3aw,o oco6Ho na Hacro>~saMe. HHe

ro H3TbKBaMe JYKb caMo 3a rosa, 3a na

Ce BHAH, Ye H nO T03H HaYHHb HaMH·

paMe naKb norsbp}l{neHHe 3a naraTa Ha

U,bpKBaTa TaKa, KaKTO 5I Onp-Bn-BnHXMe

seye no-ropi;. nbpBOTO 06CT051TeJlCTBO,

HanpOTHBb, e OTb rpaManHO npHHU,H

mtaJlHO 3HaYeHHe H 3arosa w.e rp-B6ea

na ce cnpeMb owe ManKo Bbpxy Hero.

I -~-- ----------------------, ' --------- ---------------.J

1-~B51Ba Ce np-BnH BCHYKO Bb· ,::J npOCbTh, nanH Tp-B6sa na CYHTaMe Ce.

CocpH51, Karo HMaMe np-Bnb BHAb H Kpb

crosHnHaTa H cpopMa, 3a KynonHa 6a3H·

06p. 115. - nnaHb Ha 5a3HJlHKaTa Bb Konl!<a·KaneCH (cnopenb Strzygowski, Kleinasien, o6p. 78).

nHKa Bb CTporaTa CMHCbJlb Ha nyMaTa, Bb KOHTO cnyYaH Manoa3H51TCKH51Tb H npOH3XOAb He 6H

MOrbJlb na 6JKne nonno}l{eHb Ha CbMH-BHHe, HnH w.e Tp-B6sa na 5I c6nH}I{HMb noeeye cb BH3aHTHH·

CKaTa KpbCTOBHAHa KynonHa U,bpKBa, Bbnpi;KH JlHnCaTa Ha ApyrHTi; xapaKTepHH 3a BH3aHTHHCKH51

CTHJlb OC06HOCTH.

Pa3nHKaTa Me}l{lly r-B3H nea THna u,bpKBH ce np051B51Ba He TOnK03b Bb T-BXHH51 nnaHb H Bb

BbHWHH51 HMb BHAb, KOJlKOTO Bb HaYHHa, no KOHTO e TpeTHpaHO nOAKynOJlHOTO npocTpaHCTBO, KaKTO

H3TbKHaxMe seYe rosa no-rop-B npH APYrb cnyYaH (cTp. 113). HHe BHn-BxMe, Ye nonKynonHOTO npo·

cTpaHCTBO npH Cs. CocpH51 e orpaHHYeHo KbMb c-Bsepb H KbM.b IOrb Cb MaCHBHH cr-BHH, KOHTO ro oTn-B

Jl51Tb OTb Hanp-BYHH51 KOpa6b, a CaMH51Tb Hanpi;YeHb KOpa6b e 3HaYHTeJlHO nO·HHCbKb OTb rnaBHH51.

EcpeKTbTb OTb rosa pa3nono}l{eHHe e T03H, ye KynonbTb H3rne}l{na Karo na e orpaHHYeHb caM o

Bbpxy rnaBHH51 KOpa6b. npH 06HKHOBeHaTa KpbCTOBHAHa KynonHa U,bpKBa ABaTa npi;ci;YeHH KOpa6a

...

124 f\ px~<neKTypH0·11CTOp11'leCKI1Ti; n po6neMI1

- Ha,ll,nb}I{HHS!Tb 1-1 Hanpi>'-IHHS!Tb - HMaTb e,ll,HaKBa BHCO'-IHHa, TbH LJe nO,ll,KynonHOTO npOCTpaHCTBO

ce OTBapS! Ha BCI-1'-IKI-1 LJeTHpH CTpaHH Cb e,l],HaKBO BHCOKI-1 apKH, KOHTO npi>MHHaBaTb Bb e,ll,HaKBO

BHCOKH Ha,IJ,Jlb}I{HI-1 1-1 Hanpi>YHH u,HnHHAPHLJeCKH cso.a.ose . Cn-B.a.osaTenHo TYKb KynollbTb 3aeMa u,eH·

TpallHO nOJlO}I{eHHe Bb nbllHaTa CMHCbllb Ha AyMaTa, KaKTO no OTHOWeHHe Ha rJlaBHHSI (Ha,IJ,Jlb}I{HI-151)

TaKa 11 no OTHOWeHHe Ha Hanpi>4HHSI KOpa6b .

. Ta311 pa31lHKa Ha npbBb norne.a.b H3rJle}l{,ll,a He3Ha'-IHTenHa, 1-10 Bb Cli'\W,HOCTb TSI np-B.a.CTaBSI

,ll,Ba TBbp,ll,i> Ba}I{HH MOMeHTa Bb pa3BHTHeTO Ha U,bpKOBHaTa apXHTeKTypa."( 0Tb KynOJlHaTa 6a3HJlVIKa

Cb Hanpi>YeHb Kopa6b, KaKBaTo e Cs. Co¢VISI, .a.o o6HKHOBeHaTa KpbCTOBVIAHa KynonHa UbpKBa

OCTaBa C06CTBeHO CaMO e,ll,Ha CTi'i'\nKa : ,ll,OCTaTb'-IHO e ,l],a ce B,ll,VIrHe Hanpi>YHHS!Tb KOpa6b Ha Cli'\W,aTa

BVICO'-IVIHa Cb r1laBHHSI VI ,l],a Ce npi>MaXHaTb CTi>HHTi>, KOVITO orpa·

HVI'-IaBaTb nO,ll,KynOllHOTO npoCTpaHCTBO KbMb Ci>Bepb VI !Orb.

TonK03b noseye 3acny}l{aBa· BHVIMaHV~e o6cTOSITellCTBOTO, Ye np1-1

co¢VIi1CKaTa Cs. Co¢VISI Ta3VI CTi'i'\nKa ow,e He e HanpaBeHa .

3aw,OTO Bb TOBa OTHOWeHVIe TSI Ce CXO}I{,ll,a nOBe'-le Cb no

CTpOHKVI OTb TVIna Ha u,apHrpa.a.cKaTa U,bpKBa Cs. Co¢VISI - cn-B

.a.osaTellHO naKb Cb naMeTHVIU,VI OTb VI si>Kb - OTKOllKOTO Cb

TaKI1Ba OTb TVIna Ha Tpane3YHACKaTa XpH30Ke¢anocb, 1) MaKapb

ye Ta3VI nocni>AHSITa Bb o6w,VISI CVI nnaHb e npo.a.bnrosaTa 6a-

3HllHKallHa nocTpoiiKa.

TbKMO no-no.a.po6HOTO cpasHeHVIe Ha Ta3H nocni>AHS!Ta

u,bpKsa ( o6p. 116) Cb co¢V~iicKaTa Cs. Co¢1151 HVI .a. a sa Bb3MO}I{

HOCTb ,l],a VI3TbKHeMb OW,e nO-,ll,06pi> pa3JlVIKaTa Me}l{,ll,y KynOJlHaTa

6a311JlVIKa Cb Hanpi>YeHb KOpa6b VI KpbCTOBVI,ll,HaTa KynOJlHa

u,bpKBa . Tpane3YHACKaTa Xp1130Ke¢anocb, KOSITO .a.aTHpa e.a.sa OTb

XIII si>Kb, He np-B.a.cTaBSI Bb Cli'\W,HOCTb HI1W,O .a.pyro, ocsi>Hb

KBa,ll,paTHa U,bpKBa Bb ¢opMa Ha paBHOpaMeHeHb KpbCTb,

maBHVISITb Kopa6b Ha KOSITO e YAbll}l{eHb nocpi>ACTBOMb

YABOS!BaHe Ha npaBOi'i'\rbllHOTO CBO,ll,OBO npoCTpaHCTBO. rnas

HVIS!Tb 11 Hanpi>4HI1S!Tb KOpa611 Ci'i'\ npVI TOBa e,ll,HaKBO BI1COKVI .

npVI co¢VIHCKaTa Cs. Co¢VISI HanpOTVIBb Hanpi>YHVIS!Tb KOpa6b

e no-HVICbKb 11 TOH Vlrpae BTopoCTeneHHa pollS!. 3aTOBa nbKb

MHOrO nO-CHJlHO 11 CaMOCTOS!TellHO 113nli'\KBaTb CTpaHVI'-IHVITi>

06p. 116. - nnaHb Ha UbpKBaTa Xpi1JOKe- KOpa6H. KynOllbTb Ha Tpane3yHACKaTa U,bpKBa 3aeMa u,eHTpallHO ¢anocb Bb TpaneJyHnb (cnopenb S t r z y-

g 0 w ski, Kleinas ien, o6p. 122). Mi>CTO, a no.a.KynollHOTO npoCTpaHCTBO ce pa3BI1Ba e.a.HaKBO

KaKTO no HanpasneHVIe OTb VI3TOKb KbMb 3ana.a.b, TaKa 11 no

HanpaBJleHVIe OTb c-Bsepb KbMb !Orb. np11 co¢VIHCKaTa Cs. Co¢VISI KynOllbTb e orpaHI14eHb Bbpxy

rllaBHI1SI KOpa6b 4pio3b CrBHI1Ti>, KOVITO npi>rpa}l{,ll,aTb nO,ll,KynOJlHOTO npOCTpaHCTBO KbMb Ci>Bepb

VI KbMb !Orb.

0Tb Ka3aHOTo ,ll,OTYKb CTasa SIBHO, ye co¢HiicKaTa Cs. Co¢VISI, Bbnp-BKI1 Hanpi>YHVISI c11 KO

pa6b, np-B.a.crasSI KynonHa 6a3VIllVIKa Bb nbllHaTa CMVICbllb Ha .a.yMaTa VI ye TSI cn-B.a.osaTellHO CTOH

MHOrO no-6JlVI30 ,ll,O KynOJlHI1rB 6a3VIJ1VIKVI Ha Mana-f\3VISI, OTKOJlKOTO ,ll,O BVI3aHTVIHCKVIrB KpbCTOBVI,ll,HVI

nocTpOHKVI, .a.a}l{e KOraTo rB311 nocni>AHVITi> 11MaTb 6a3VIlli1KanHa ¢opMa, KaTO Tpane3yHACKaTa XpV1-

30Ke¢anoCb.~ ·

npVI BCe TOBa HVITO e,l],Ha OTb Tl1ni14HVITi> VI OT4aCTI1 ,ll,aTVIpaHVI MaJlOa311SITCKI1 KynOllHVI 6a3VIlli1K11,

KOI1TO 1136po11xMe no- rop-B (CTp. 122), He e np11ro.a.Ha 3a nono.a.po6Ho cpaBHeHI1e Cb HawaTa Cs. Co¢VISI .

I) T ex i e r et P u II an, L' architecture byzantine, cTp. 228 en . 11 Ta6n. 67 11 68. Cryni151Ta Ha M iII e t Bb

Bulletin de correspondance hellenique XIX, 1895, 419 en. He Ml1 6-l;we UOCT.¥,nHa .

p

·_r--···

Hanp~YHH~Tb Kopa6b H yBenHYeHHero Ha ancHnara 125

< .. 6a3VIJIVII<aTa OTb KOA>t<a-KaneCVI ( o6p. 115) ce pa3JIVI4aBa TBbpAi; MHOro Bb CBOVIT-5 AeTaHJIVI, a Ta3VI

OTb IOpMe e TBbpA-5 3JI'5 3ana3eHa , 3a Aa MO>t<e Aa HVI nocny>t<VI Karo VI3XOAHa T04Ka 3a no-no·

Ap06HO cpaBHeHVIe. nnaHOBeri; nblt<HVI (MV1pa VI llepe

f\wVI), VIJIVI nblt<AaTb OTb

Mana-f\3V151, HVIe VI36VIpaMe 3a VI3XOAHa T04Ka Ha Hawero

cpasHeHVIe eAHa no-npVIMVITVIBHa nocrpol11<a, a VIMeHHO

eAHa OTb 6a3VIJIVII<VIrl; Bb 6VIHb·6VIpb·I<JIVICe ( o6p. 117), 1<051TO

e n03Hara Karo n° 32 (no-paHo n° 2)0 1)

f\1<0 OCTaBVIMb HacrpaHa ABi;ri; CrpaHVI4HVI OTA-5-

neHVI51 f\ VI B Bb VI3T04Hara 4aCTb Ha 6a3VIJIVIKara, seA·

Hara ce XBbpii51 Bb 04VI ron-5Mara npVIIII1Ka Me>t<AY nr.a·

Hoser-5 Ha ra3VI LI,bp!<Ba VI Ha cocjJVIHCKara Cs. CocjJVI51.

HaVICTVIHa Bb nbpsara LI,bp!<Ba, KaKro VI Bb BCVI41<VI

ApyrVI 6a3VIJIVII<VI OTb 6VIHb-6VIpb·I<JII1Ce, JIVInCBa Kyno·

JibTb. 06a4e nbpBVIT-5 nV~nacrpVI nptb,b anCVIAaTa ce

OTJIVI4aBaTh se4e 3Ha4VITeJIHO OTb ocraHaJIVIT-5. Ti; VIMaTb

He caMo MHOro no-ron-5Ma Ae6enVIHa, HO VI KBaAparHa ¢op·

Ma Bb pa3p'53b, AOA-5TO OCTaHaJIVITi; nVIJiaCTpVI (lf,. MHOrO

nO·TbHI<VI VI npVI TOBa CHa6AeHVI Ha r-5CHVITi; CVI CTpaHI1

' . ' ' ...... : : ---·-

' . ,_ : I • . ;

i: ~

0 0

' 0

H • _._··:I_!i_:: ---·:·;·~;-::.~~ - ~ ;~ .-----06p. 1170 - 6a3HnHKaTa no 32 Bb 6HHb·6Hpb·

KnHce (cnopenb Ramsay and Bell, The thousand and one churches, o6po 164).

Cb nOJIYI<OJIOHVI. 8CJI-5ACTBVIe Ha TOBa 4eTBbpTVITOTO npocrpaHCTBO np'5Ab anC11AaTa, Bbpxy I<OeTO Hl1e

6.VIXMe 04ai<BaJIVI Aa Ce VI3AVIfa KynOJibTb, e Be4e CVIJIHO Map1<11p::!HO. f\1<0 Bb06w,e TOBa npo·

crpaHcrso ce npV16JIVI>t<aBawe nose4e AO KBaAparHa ¢opMa, HVIe He 6VIxMe ce noKone6anl1 Aa>t<e

. : • ' ••• • : . ; .::: • ' ' $'

• • • • • • • • • • • ,.,· .. 7 7• ... .. ' •• • ...... _·~·---~

0

..;

..

Aa npVIeMeMb, 4e VI 6a3VIJIVIKara n° 32, 4VI51TO ropH51 4aCTb e Cb6o

peHa VI 1<051TO Ce OTJIVI4aBa TBbpAi; MHOrO OTb OCTaHaJIVIT-5 6a311JIVII<I1 Bb

61-1Hb-6VIpb-I<JIHCe, e HMana KynoJib np'5Ab anCVIAara. 06a4e npaBOlf,.rbJI

Hara ¢opMa Ha np-5A<:InCHAHOTO npocrpaHCTBO rosop1-1 npon1sb KynonHa

I<OHCTpyKLI,I'I51, OCB'5Hb ai<O AOnycHeMb-Hi;w,o, I<OeTO He e si;p051TH0-4e

~<ynoJibTb Bb T051 cny4a11 ce e H3AHranb Bbpxy enHnCOBHAHa ocHosa. Ha

sc'5KVI cny4aH nbpBVIr-5 ABa no-ron'5MVI 4eTsbpTVITH n1-1nacrpa He ocraB51T"h

HHI<ai<BO CbMH-5HHe, 4e npVI nocrpol11<ara Ha 6a3VIJIVII<ara ce e roHtna

L.J,i:;JibTa, Aa ce OTA'5JIVI H3T04Hara 4aCTb, Karo 11 ce npHnaAe oco6Ho 3Ha-

4eHVIe 6HJIO Bb CMVICbJib Ha Hanpi;4eHb 1<0pa6b, 6VIJIO Bb CMI'ICbJib Ha

eAHO yseJIH4eHHe Ha CII"W,I'IHCI<aTa anCHAa . 2) (b TOBa HVIe 3aci;raMe AB-5

OTh Hal1·sa>t<HI1T'5 oco6Hocn1 Ha cocjJVIHCKara Cs. CocjJVI51 - Hanp'54HVI51

Kopa6b 1-1 yseJIH4eHHero Ha anCHAara - Bbpxy I<OHTO rp-56sa Aa Ka>t<eMb

ow,e H-5KOJII<O AYMH o

'1 Hanp'54HH51Tb Kopa6b Bb 6a3VIJIVII<VIr'5 ce 51B51Ba ow,e TBbpAi; pa-

16 6o ------- -- ___ , HO. Ha11-crapHr-5 VI3B'5CTHI'I AOCera npHM-5pH, A-5ro HaMHpaMe 3a4aTbL.J,VI

OTb Hanp'54eHb !<Opa6b, AaTHparb ow,e OTb Ill s'5Kb en. Xp., a HMeHHO

06p. 118. - 6aJHnHKa Bb Cara- xpaMbTb Ha CHpHHCI<a:ra 6orHH51 Bb XHepanOJIVICb VI eAHHb OTh xpaMO-nacoCb (cnope.ub Strzygows:ki , ~

Kleinasien , o6p. 36)0

seri; Ha ocrposb CaMorpaKVI. 0

) Oco6Ho pa3npocrpaHeHb e 6HJib Hanp'54-

HH51Tb Kopa6b Bb 3anaAHVIT'5 6a3HJIHI<H- Tol1 ce 51B51Ba HanbJIHO pa3BI'ITb

ow,e Bb crapara 6a3VIJIVII<a Ha Cs. neTbpb Bb PHMb, 41'151TO nocrpol11<a ce npVInVIcsa Ha KoHcraH-

1) Strzygowski, Kleinasien, crp. 15 en. H 104; Ramsay and Bell, The thousand and one churches, London 1909, crp. 209-221

2) rn. H Strzygowski, Kleinasien, crp. 104.

'1) Springer-Neuwirth, Handbuch der Kunstgeschichte II 7-Mo H3a. crp. 18; cpo H Neuwirth, Die Baukunst des Mittelaters, crp . 12.

126 flpxmei<rypHO-HCTOpH YeCKHT-fi n po6neMH

n1Ha Bem-11<V1. HaMVIpaMe ro o6aye TBbpi:d:. YeCTO VI Bb OpVIeHTa, oco6Ho Bb Mana-f\3V151, 1) Hanp.

npVI )J,Bt. OTb 6a3VIJ1VII<VIrl Bb Caran~COCb Bb nVI3VI)J,VI51, 2) )J,i:.TO TOi1 - owe Bb TBbp)J,t. paHHa enoxa

-- )J,aBa Ha nOCTpOi1KaTa Be4e 51CHO 04epTaHa !<pbCTOBVI)J,Ha cpopMa (o6p. 118). ,\

Orb Ti:.3VI npVIMi:.pVI ce BVI>K)J,a, ye Hanpt.YHVI51Tb Kopa6b He

CaMO Ce 51B51Ba TBbp)J,i:. paHO, HO Ye TOi1 VI He CbCTaB51 xapa!<

TepHa OCOOHOCTb 3a Li,bp!<OBHaTa apXviTeKTypa CaMO Ha VI3-

Bi:.CTHa CTpaHa. Cnt.)J,OBaTenHO HVIe we Tpt.6sa )J,a npVIeMeMb VI

Hanpt.YHVI51 Kopa6b Ha cocpV1i1cKaTa Cs. CocpV151 KaTO e)J,VIHb o6-

weynoTpt.6VITeneHb eneMeHTb Bb Ll,bpKOBHaTa apxVITeKTypa,

I<Oi1To Ht.Ma ront.Mo 3HaYeHVIe npVI pa3pt.wasaHeTo Ha Bbnpoca

3a npOV13XO>K)J,eHVIeTO Ha cpopMaTa Ha Ta3VI Li,bpi<Ba.

06p. 119. - Ubpi<Ba Bb KecrenH (cnopenb Strzygowski, Kleinasien, o6p. 73).

~. VIHaKb CTOVI BbnpocbT~ Cb ysenVIYeHVIeTo Ha anCVIAaTa Ha

Cs. CocpV151. HVIe BVI)J,i:.xMe seye no-ropt. (CTp. 120 en.), ye npo-

6neMaTa 3a yseJlVI4eHVIe Ha aJlTClpHOTO npOCTpaHCTBO, 1<051TO 6e3b

CbMHi:.HVIe e Vlrpana ront.Ma pon51 VI npVI 3apa>K)J,aHeTo Ha Ha

npt.YHVI51 Kopa6b, e 6VIna pa3pt.weHa Bb BVI3aHTVIi1CKaTa apxVI

TeKTypa no OCOOeHb Ha4VIHb, a VIMeHHO 4pi:.3b BbBe>K)J,aHeTO

Ha ABt. BTopoCTeneHHVI CTpaHVIYHVI anG1)J,VI. T03VI HaYVIHb 3a yse

JlVIYeHVIe Ha anTapHOTO npOCTpaHCTBO e CbBbpWeHO 4Y>KAb Ha

no-CTapaTa Li,bpi<OBHa apxVITeKTypa Bb Mana-f\3V151. He caMo npVI

Li,bp!<BVITi:. OTb 6VIHb-6VIpb-I<JlVICe He Cpi:.waMe nO)J,06HO Hi:.wo,

HO Bbo6we TPVITt. anCVI)J,VI Bb Mana-f\3V151 ce cpt.waTb TBbpAt. pt.AKO VI TO npVI noCTpoi1KVI, KOVITO

6e3b CbMHi:.HVIe Ce HaMVIpaTb nO)J,b BJlVI51HVIeTO Ha BVI3aHTVIi1CKara apXVITeKTypa, Kai<TO e Hanp. cny-

4a51Tb npVI Li,bpKBaTa Ycni:.HVIe Ha Cs.

6oropOAVILJ,a Bb HVII<e51. 3) Bb YVICTO Manc>

a3VI51TCI<V1Tt. Li,bp!<BVI yBeJlVI4eHVIeTO Ha anCVI

)J,aTa CTaBa Ypi:.3b nonaraHe Ha e)J,HO YeT

BbpTVITO npocTpaHCTBO npt.Ab He51. EAVIHb

OTb Hai1-CTapV1Ti:. npY!Mi:.pVI 3a nO)J,06HO

ysenVIYeHVIe Ha anCVI)J,aTa cpt.waMe npVI

e)J,Ha Li,bp!<Ba Bb KeCTenVI Bb VfcaBpV151 (o6p.

119), 1<051TO )J,aTVIpa Bi:.p051THO owe OTb

IV st.Kb. J) CJKwoTo Ht.wo HaMVI,JaMe VI

npVI cnoMeHaTaTa BeYe no-ropt. (CTp. 122)

6a3VIJlVIKa OTb KoA>Ka-KanecVI ( o6p. 115).

0Tb He)J,aTVIpaHVI, HO Ha BCi:.I<VI cnyYai1

nO-I<bCHVI Li,bp!<BVI Cb Ta3VI OC06HOCTb Bb

Mana-f\3V151 MomeMb Aa npY!BeAeMb owe

6a3VIJlVIKaTa OTb KaHVI)J,enVI (Kanytelideis)

Bb KVIJJVIKYI51 ~.) VI 3ana)J,HaTa nonoBVIHa Ha .(i··················

TaKa Ha peYeHaTa )J,BOi1Ha Li,bp!<Ba Bb 06p. 120.

Ecpecb. u)

') Strzygowski,Kieinasien,crp.49cn.H 187; Neuwirth, UHT. Cb'-l. CTp. 21. - HanbnHO pa3BHTb Hanp-tYeHb I<Opa6b HMa H 6a3HnHI<aTa OTb V B-fil<b Ha nnaHHHaTa flnHcyMaCb 6nH30 npH KOHHSI. rn. vl3s-tcriSI pyccK. apxeon. HHCTHT. Bb KoHcTaHTHHonon-t VI, 190 I, 421-427. (?KWO H enHa Ubpi<Ba OTb nepre Bb naMqmnHSI, KOSITO ce narHpa owe Bb IV s-ti<b (Rott, Kleinasiatische Denkmaler, crp. 48 en.), HMa seYe HanbnHo pa3BHTb Hanp-tYeHb Kopa6b.

NAOS

, ....................................... ·· IJ,90 ·········· ······ ., ....................... ···· ····· ······)

a ·········- lS.90 ·-·····"···· .......... )

n na Hb Ha Ubpi<sara Bb .ilH Hepb ( cnopenb S t r z ygows ki, Kleinasien, o6p. 43).

~) Strzygowski, Kleinasien, crp. 49 en. H o6p. 35 H 37; Rott, Kleinasiatische Denkmaler, crp. 15-17.

X) .ilpyrb enHHb cnyYaH Cb rpH anCHllH HaMHpaMe Bb Kai1a-CapbH'1b. rn. Ramsay and Bell, UHT. Cb'-l. crp. 273 en H o6p. 233.

4) Strzygowski, Kleinasien. crp. 105. :,) nai<b raMb crp. 51 H o6p. 40 H 41. 6) nai311 aHa11or1111, yse11H4eHHeTo Ha a11TapHOTO npocrpaHCTBO np11 coqmii-

Ct<aTa Cs. Coqm51 e HanpaseHo no T0311 Ha411Hb, t<OMTO ce e ynoTp1>651Ba11b Bb Mam~-f\31151 ow.e

np1l3b IV 11 V CT0111>TI151 , a 11MeHHO 4p1>3b no11araHeTo Ha e,!J,HO t<Ba,!l,paTHO npocrpaHCTBO npbAb c;v;.

W.HHCt<aTa anCHll.a. Bbo6w.e 1111ncaTa Ha t<at<BI1TO 11 ,11,a 611110 crpaHI14HI1 OTA1>11eHI151 np11 anc11,11,aTa,

Kat<TO e C11y4a51Tb 11 np11 Cs. Co¢1151, CbCTaB51 e,11,Ha OTb Hai1-xapat<TepH11T1> oco6HOCTI1 Ha Ma11oa31151T

Ct<I1T1> U,bpt<BI1, OC06HO Bb npOTI1BOn0110}!{HOCTb Ha C11p11MCt<I1T1> 11 Bl13aHTI1MCI<I1T1>. ,lJ,oCTaTb4HO e 3a

TOBa ,!l,a Cl1 CnOMHI1Mb Tat<I1Ba C11y4al1, Bb 1<011TO Ce np051B51BaTb noBe4e M1>CTHI1T1> OC06HOCTI1 11 1<011TO

nO-,!J,06p1; c;v;. 6111111 3ana3eHI1 OTb BbHWHI1 B111151HI151, Ka I<TO Hanp. MHOro6pOMHI1T1> U,bpt<BI-1 Bb 611Hb-

611pb-1<1111Ce, Ubpt<BaTa Bb ,lJ,HHepb (o6p. 120) 11 ,11,pyr11 n0,11,06H11.

·0. Ow.e no-CI111HO w.e lnn;v;.t<HaTb Ma11oa31151TCKHT1> e11eMeHTI1 Bb u,bpt<BaTa Cs. Co¢1151, at<o pa3-

r11e,!l,aMe no-no,11,po6Ho ¢aca,11,aTa 11. Haii-xapat<TepHaTa HeiiHa oco6HOCTb ce 3at<11to4aBa Bb ABtTt

CTpaHI14HI1 OT,!l,b11eHI151, 1<011TO c;v;. ,!J,OCT;v;.nHI1 CaMO OTI<bMb np1>,1l,!l,Bep11eTO •11 1<011TO 11311113aTb BbHb OTb

06p. 121. - nnaHb Ha Ubpt<Bara Bb llepe·fiWH (cnopenb R 0 t t, Kleinasiat. Denkmaler, o6p. 111).

maBHI1Tt 04epTaHI151 Ha U,bpt<BaTa. napane1111Tt 3a nO,!J,06HO e,!l,HO pa3npt,11,1>JleHI1e c;v;. 113BbHpe,!l,HO

pb,11,1<11 11 T1> 11,1l,aTb npt11Myw.ecTBeHO nat<b OTb Mana-f\31151. no,!J,06Ho Htwo HaM11paMe, OCBtHb np11

cnoMeHaTaTa Be4e no-ropt (cTp. 125) 6a31111111<a n° 32 OTb 611Hb-611pb-t<Jli1Ce (o6p. 117), 11 np11 TBbpAt

CTap11HHaTa U,bpt<Ba Bb ,lJ,11Hepb (aHTI14HaTa Rpamea l<ibotos Bb <Pp11r1151), t<051TO ,11,aT11pa MO}!{e 611

ow.e OTb BptMeTO Ha I<OHCTaHTI1Ha Be11111<11 (o6p. 120). 1) np11 T1>311 ,!l,Bt U,bpt<BI1 CTpaHI14HI1T1> OTp,t-

11eHI151 11MaTb Hai1CTI1Ha t<Ba,!l,paTHa <fJopMa 11 c;v;. C11Y}!{I11111 MO}!{e 611 3a OCHOBa Ha nO-BI1COI<O 113,11,11-

rHaTI1 KY1111. np11 Bee TOBa 04eB11,1l,HO e ro11tMOTO CXOACTBO Bb TOBa OTHOWeHI1e Cb co¢11MCt<aTa Cs.

Co¢1151 - cxo,!J,CTBO, t<OeTo ce np051B51Ba He caMo Bb o6cT051Te11CTBOTO, ye 11 Bb Tp11T1> cny4a51 CTpa

HI14HI1T1> OT,!J,t11eHI151 c;v;. ,!J,OCT;v;.nHI1 CaMO OTI<bMb np1>,1l,!l,Bep11eTO, HO OUJ.e 11 Bb TOBa, 4e Th311 OT,!l,t11e

HI151 HaBCtt<;v;.,!l,t 11311113aTb BbHb OTb 06W.1151 nJJaHb Ha U,bpt<BI1T1>, TbM 4e Ce 51B51BaTb n04TI1 t<aTO

CbBCtMb caMOCTOMHI1 np11cTpoiit<11. Tat<11sa CTpaHI14HI1 OT,!J,tneHI151 HaM11paMe 11 np11 ,11,pyr11 Htt<OI1 Ma-

110a31151TCKI1 u,bpt<BI1, t<at<TO Hanp. Bb ,IJ,epe-Rw11 (o6p. 121) 11 Bb H11t<e51.

1) Strzygowski, Kleinasien, crp. 56.

128 F\pX1-1TeKTYPHO-HCTOpHYeCKHrt np06JleMH

5a311Jli1KaTa n° 32 Sb 611Hb-611pb-KllHCe 11 ~bpKSaTa Sb )J.HHepb 11MaTb OW,e 11 TOSa o6wo

Cb Cs Co¢11S1, Ye ¢aca,o.11ri:. 11 Sb rp11ri:. cnyYaSI ce SlsSisaTb KaTO nbnHI1 cri:.HI1, sb KOI1TO c/11. OTBo

peHI1 no rp11 spar11: cpi:.,D,HSITa no-roni:.Ma 11 ,o.si:. CTpaHI14HI1 no-MallK11. KonKOTO T0311 S11Ab Ha ¢aca

,o.ara 11 ,o.a ce 0Tlll14asa Ha npbSb nornenb OTb xapaKTepH11Ti:. 3a C11p11HCKI1Ti:. ~bpKSI1 cpaca,o.11, KOI1TO

ce cpi:.w,aTb snpoYeMb 11 Sb caMaTa Mana-fhi1S1, see naKb SISHa e rlcHara spb3Ka , KOSITO c/il.w,e

CTsysa Mem,o.y e,o.HI1Ti:. 11 ,o.pyr11ri:.. HeKa S3eMeMb 3a np11Mi:.pb Ha raKasa e,o.Ha ,c11p11i1cKa" ¢aca,o.a

naKb e,o.Ha OTb ~bp1<s11rl Bb 611Hb-611pb-Klli1Ce, a 11MeHHO 6a311lli1Kara no 3 (o6p. 122). TyKb cpi:..o.·

I I I I

I I -I I I I I I I I I I -I I I I· I I I I I I .. I I I I I I I I I I -I I

1 I I I I I I I ... I I I I I I I I

I I I I I I -I I

I I I I I I I I -I I I I I I I I I I -I I I : I I : I -I I I I I I I I I ' • 1 I I I I I I I

HSITa YaCTb Ha ¢aca,o.ara He e seye ~t.na crtHa, a

e,o.Ha orsopeHa crpi:.xa, KOSITO no cpi:.,o.ara Ha npi:.,o.

HSITa Cl1 CTpaHa Ce 1<pi:.n11 Ha e,D,I1Hb CTbJl6b. 0T

CTpaHI1 Ce HaM11paTb naKb C/ii.W,I1n HaSbHb 3aTSO

peHI1 OT,D,i:.lleHI1SI, 1-iO 6e3b ,D,a Ce 113,D,aSaTb OTb 06W,I1SI

nnaHb. Ocrasa Ti:.311 or,o.i:.neHI1SI ,o.a ce 113Mi:.CTSITb

CaMO HaSbHb 11 Ha Mi:.CTOTO Ha OTSOpeHaTa CTpi:.xa

,o.a ce nocras11 ~i:.na cTi:.Ha, 3a ,o.a nonyYI1Mb OH311

nnaHb Ha ¢aca,o.ara, KO~To HaM11paMe np11 6a311ll11Kara

n ° 32 OTb 511Hb-611p-b-I<Jli1Ce 11 np11 ~bpKSaTa OTb

)J.I1Hepb. Karo ce s3eMe ow,e npi:.,o.b SI1,D,b, Ye np11

xeneHI1CTI14eCKI1SI Tl1nb Ha 6a311Jl11KC'Ta, KO~lTO e OC06HO

pa3npocrpaHeHb Ha 3ana,o.b, npi:.Msep11ero sbo6w,e

mmcsa, KaTO Ce 3aMi:.HSI OTb W11p0Kb ,D,SOpb Cb K0Jl0-

Ha,D,I1 (atrium), TO He OCTasa HI1KaKSO CbMHi:.HI1e, ye

cpaca,D,HI1SITb Tl1nb, KOHTO Hl1 3aHI1Masa, e Sb3HI1KHallb

113Klli0411TellHO Sbpxy C11p11HCKO-ManOa311SITCKa nOYSa.

no,o.06Ha cpaca,o.a HaM11paMe OW,e np11 e,o.Ha

MHOro samHa 3a cpasHeHI1e ~bpKsa Sb Kacpb-116Hb

sap,o.aHb Sb ~eHrpanHa C11p11S1 (o6p. 123), KOSITO, Sb

npOTI1SOnOllO>I<HOCTb Ha C11p11HCKI1Ti:. 0611KHOSeHO Ka

MeHHI1 nOCTpOHKI1, e Cbrpa,o.eHa n04TI1 113KJli0411TellHO

o:b ryxneHb Marep11allb. 1) Bbo6w,e TSI 11 Sb ,o.pyr11

OTHOWeHI1SI Ce OTJll14aSa 3Ha411TellHO OTb C11p11HCKI1Ti:.

~bpKSI1, KaTO ce np116lll1>1<aSa nOSeYe KbMb MallO·

a311SITCKI1Ti:.. 2) Ta311 ~bpKsa, KOSITO 11Ma 11 rosa roni:.Mo

npi:.11Myw,ecrso, Ye e TOYHO ,o.ampaHa (564 r. en. Xp), n)

06p. 122.-nnaHb Ha 6a 3111111 KaTa no 3 Bb 6J.1Hb-6Hpb- npi:.,o.crasSI no ¢opMaTa Cl1 411CTa KynonHa 6a311-

KnHce (cnopellb Ramsay and Bell, The thousand n111<a Cb rp11 Kopa6a, crpaHI14HI1rl OTb KOI1TO 11MaTb and one churches, o6p. 13). ..~- no ,o.s.~- KO-eMnOp11 11 OK OT,D,blleHI1 OTb rnaSHI1SI Cb b

JlOHI1. F\nc11,o.ara e srpa,o.eHa Sb ,o.e6ena cri:.Ha 11 e YAbllH<eHa Cb ne>t<aw,ero npi:.,o.b HeSI npaso

/il.rbllHO npocrpaHcrso no Manoa311SITCKI1 o611Yai1 (cp. crp. 126). OrcrpaHI1 Ha anc11,o.ara ce HaM11parb

xapaKTepH11n 3a crap11Ti:. C11p11HCKI1 ~bpKSI1 YeTSbpT11TH OT,D,i:.JleHI1SI. npi:.A,D,sep11eTO e cpnaHK11paHO

TOH<e Cb ,D,Si:. CTpaHI14HI1 YeTSbpT11TI1 OT,D,i:.lleHI1SI, KOI1TO 113Jll13aTb SbHb OTb 06W,I1SI nnaHb Ha ~bp

KSaTa, C/ii.W,O KaKro np11 cnoMeHaTI1Ti:. no-ropt. ( crp. 127) ~bpKSI1 Sb Mana-fb11S1. Pa3Jli1Kara ce CbCTOI1

caMO Sb rosa, ye Sb Kacpb-116Hb-Eap,o.aHb crpaHI14HI1Ti:. or,o.i:.neHI1SI, Bbpxy KOI1TO C/11. ce 113,o.11ran11

KYll11, CJK ,o.ocr/il.nHI1, KaKTO 113rnem,o.a, He OTKbMb npi:.Msep11ero, a Hanpaso orsbHb.

ct:>aca,o.ara OTb Kacpb-116Hb-sap,o.aHb noKa3sa 113Si:.CTHO cxo,o.crso Cb Ta311 OTb Cs. Co¢11S1 He caMo

Sb nnaHb, HO 11 Sb ropHSITa nocrpoi1Ka. Ero KaKb TSI ce on11csa OTb Crp11rosc1<11: ,¢aca,o.ara o6pa-

1) Strzygowski, Kleinasien , cTp. 121-131 H o6p. 92- 95.

2) nalAerpoi1KH 11 e npopi>3aHa OTb 6oraro rpyn11paH11 npo3opu,11 11 spaTH.

,Uoni> Bb epi>AaTa ee H3M11pa rnasHara spaTa, OTCTpaH11 )J,Ba KBa,IJ,paTHH npo3opeu,a. Ha Ta311 Tpoi1Ka

orrosap51Tb Bb ropH1151 eTa>Kb neTb BHeOKH npo3opeu,a eb Kprr:.rnH apt<H. KbMb Ttxb ee np11ebe,IJ,I1H51Ba

Bb no,IJ,o6HHTi> Ha KYllH eTpaHH4HH t<p1111a Haii-Hanpi>Ab ,IJ,oni> e,IJ,Ha no-ManKa spaTa, Bbpxy He51 e,IJ,I1Hb

nonyKprr:.ro.nb 11 ow,e no-rop-E e,IJ,I1Hb no,IJ,o6eHb, HO no-s11eOKb npo3opeu,b " .1) n p11 Cs. Coqm51 ebOTHO

weHI1eTo Ha OTBOpHTi> Bb )J,BaTa eTa>Ka e o6paTHO ; Bb )J,OJ1HH51 eTa>Kb 11M a Me nOBe4e OTBOpH (TpH

spaTH 11 4eTHPH npo3opeu,a), a Bb ropH1151 eaMo TPH , BHeOKH np03opu,H eb Kprr:.rnH apt<H". np11 see

TOBa HMa roJli>MO eXO)J,eTBO Me>KAY ABi>Ti> ¢aea)J,H 11 TO ee 3aKJ1104aBa He eaMO Bb enHaKBaTa ¢opMa

Ha nose4eTo OTb npo3opu,11Ti> 11 Ti>XHaTa rpyn11posKa , HO TaKa err:.w,o 11 Bb 1111neaTa Ha p,pyrb ,IJ,eKo

paTHBeHb eneMeHTb, OeBi>Hb Kprr:.rnHTi> apKH Ha np030pl.I,11Ti>, K011TO H3nrr:.t<BaTb nopa,IJ,H OeOOHOTO

Ha pem,IJ,aHe Ha TYXllHTi>.

I opeHb eTa >H:b

06p. 123. - nnaHb Ha 6a3HnHKaTa Bb Kacpb·H6Hb· sapnaHb (cnopenb St rz yg ow ski, Kleinasien , o6 p. 92).

f\HanorH4Ha ¢aea,IJ,a HaMHpaMe ow,e Bb e,IJ,HHb eny4ai1, 11 TO se4e Ha esponeiieKa no4sa, a

HMeHHO np11 oxpHAet<aTa Cs. Co¢1151 (o6p. 34), K051TO Bb TOBa OTHoweHHe Tpi>6sa ,IJ,a ce HaMHpa

err:.wo nO,IJ,b Manoa31151TeKo BJ11151HHe. Hei1HaTa ¢aea,IJ,a, ¢naHK11paHa OTb xapaKTepHHTi> 4eTBbpTHTH

OTAi>neHH51, ,IJ,aT11pa HaHeTHHa e,IJ,sa OTb XIV stKb.:?) 06a4e Bbnpoeb e, ,IJ,aJlH T51 He ee H3)J,I1ra Bbpxy

no-eTapH OeHOBI1.

·\ Manoa3H51TeKHTi> BJ11151HH51 Bb u,bpKBaTa Cs. Cq¢1151 He ee orpaHI14aBaTb eaMo B~ nnaHa , HO

MoraTb ,IJ,a ee KOHeTaT11paTb 11 Bb ropH51Ta noeTpoi1Ka . Ha nbpso Mi>eTo 3aenymasa ,IJ,a ee enoMeHe

• Bb TOBa OTHOWeHHe Ha411HbTb, no KOHTO err:. Hape,IJ,eHI1 np030pU,HTi> Bb rpyn11 , no nsa 111111 no TpH,

TbH 4e He eaMO )J,a eny>KaTb 3a OeBi>TJleHHe, HO ,IJ,a ,IJ,i>H~TByBaTb Bb err:.w,OTO spi>Me 11 KaTO )J,eKO

paTHBHH eneMeHTH. To3H Ha4HHb 3a Hapem,IJ,aHe npo3opu.HTi> e xapaKTepeHb HMeHHO 3a Mano

a31151TeKI1Ti> u,bpKBI1. n11neaTa Ha eMnop11 Bb Cs. Co¢1151 ee 51B51Ba err:.w,o KaTo Manoa3H51TeKa oeo6e-

1) naKb TaMb CTp. 124.

Ca. Co4> H• .

~) rn. UHTHpaHaTa Ha CTp. 48 3a6. 2 flHTepaTypa.

17

130 Apxi.netnypHO·HcropHYecKHT-t npo6neMH

HOeTb. 1) Bb 6HHb-6~-tpb-Km1Ce eMnop~-trt ee cptw,arb t<aTO H3t<JliOYeHHe caMe Sb 6a3HJ1Ht<ara n° 32. 2)

Tt n~-tnesarb ei\'\w,o 1-1 np~-t 6a3HJ1Ht<ara Sb KeerenH, t<at<TO 1-1 np1-1 U.bpt<sara YcntHHe Ha Cs. 6oro

po.o,Hu,a Sb HHt<eSI, Mat<apb ra3H noent.o,HS!Ta .o,a He e .o,ame 6a3HJlHKanHa noCTpoi1t<a Sb nbnHara

CMHebnb Ha .o,yMara. Hai1-nocnt YHCTO Manoa3HSITCKa Yepra Sb Cs. Cocp~-tS! e 1-1 n~-tneara, Sb nporH

sononoH<HOeTb Ha eHp~-t~kt<Hrt 1-1 SH3aHTHHCKHrt u,bpt<sH, Ha t<at<saro 1-1 .o,a 6~-tno no-6orara Si\'\

rptwHa .o,et<opaU.HSI.

- -. np~-t HanHYHoerbra Ha seHYKH rt3H oco6HoerH Ha u,bpt<sara Cs. Cocp~-tS! - 3aeso.o,eHa t<y

nonHa 6a3HJlHt<a, n~-tnea Ha erpaHHYHH or.o,tneHHSI np~-t ane~-t.o,ara, ysen~-tYeH~-te Ha ane~-t.o,ara Ypt3b

nemaw,ero nptAb HeSI YeTsbpr~-tro npoCTpaHcrso, CTpaHHYH~-trt or.o,tneHHSI Ha cpaea.o,ara, Hapem

.o,aHero Ha npo3opu,~-trt sb rpyn~-t no .o,sa HnH no rp~-t Haen.Ho, n~-tneara Ha eMnop~-t, n~-tneara Ha

no-6oraTa SJHptwHa .o,et<OpaU,HSI - He nOAJleH<H Ha HHI<at<SO ebMHtHHe, Ye Sb HeSI ee npOS!SSISa

TSbp.o,t eHJlHO SJlHSIHHeTO Ha Manoa3HSITet<aTa U.bpt<OSHa apXHTet<rypa. npH see TOSa, aKO pa3rne ·

.o,aMe U.bpt<sara Cs. Cocp~-tS! t<aro e.o,Ho u.tno, 6e3b .o,a 5I pa3naraMe Ha Hei1H~-trt eberasHH ene

MeHTH, w,e rpt6sa .O,a npH3HaeMb, Ye TSI t<aTO noCTpOi1t<a 3ana3Sa CBOS!Ta nbnHa eaMOeTOHHOeTb H

op~-trHHanHoerb. Kont<oro Orb e.o,Ha CTpaHa 1-1 .o,a He no.o,neH<H Ha er-MHtH~-te, Ye Hei1H~-trt or.o,tnHH

YaeTH HaMHpaTb Hai1-6nH3KH aHaJlOIHH Bb Manoa3HSITet<aTa U.bpt<OBHa apXHTet<rypa, TOJli<OBa OTb

Apyra CTpaHa e SIBHO, Ye TSI OTYaeTH J.13JlH3a BbHb OTb paMKHTt J.1 rpa.0,11l.l,J.1HTt Ha Ta3H apXHTeK

rypa. Ero 3aw,o Mem.o,y Manoa3HS!Tet<Hrt u,bpt<sH He HaM~-tpaMe H11TO e.o,Ha, KOSITO 61-1 Morna .o,a ee

epaBHH eb eocp~-ti1ct<ara Cs. CocpHS! Bb sett<o orHoweH~-te. Hai1-exo.o,Ha e see nat<b 6a3HnHt<ara n" 32

Bb 6~-tHb-6~-tpb-t<Jl~-tee (o6p. 117). 06aYe Hei1Horo e!'i\.w,eCTseHo pa3nHYHe orb Ca. CocpHS! ee 3at<Jl10·

Yasa He ront<03b Bb n~-tncara Ha t<ynonb - Htw,o, t<oero Bb enyYaSI He 6~-t HMano nbpBOCTeneHHO

3HaYeHHe, Tbi1 t<aro t<ynonbTb caMb no ee6e CH e MHOro pa3npoCTpaHeHb sb Manoa3HS!Tet<Hrt

U.bpt<BH - KOJli<OTO Bb o6eTOSITeneTSOTO, Ye 6a3HJlHKaTa Bb 6HHb·6Hpb-I<JlHee HtMa cpopMara Ha

narHHCKHSI t<pbeTb -;-, Mat<apb 11 .o,a np~-tremasa HanptYeHb t<opa6b. Bbo6w,e SleHo H3paJeHara

cpopMa Ha naTHHet<H t<pbeTb Bb eocp~-ti1et<ara Cs. Cocp~-tS! e OH3H eneMeHTb, t<oi1ro Hai1-MHOro ornH

Yasa Ta3H U,bpt<Ba OTb MaJlOa3HSirCt<Hrt, Karo 5I npH6JlHH<aBa Orb .o,pyra erpaHa l<bMb pOMaHeKHrt

Sb 3ana.o,Ha Espana.

Pa3nHYHe MOH<eMb .o,a KOHerar~-tpaMe 1-1 Bb erpo~-trenHHSI M<nepHanb. TyxneHH noCTpoi1t<H ee

cptw,arb Ha~-ter~-tHa 1-1 Bb B!'i\.rptwHoerbra Ha Mana-f\31-151, t<at<ro 11 Bb C11p1-151 - .o,oerarbYHO e .o,a

cnoMeHeMb 3a np11Mtpb .o,soi1Hara U.bpt<sa Sb 10Yb-ai1at<b, Ca. Kn~-tMeHrb Sb f\Ht<Hpa, YentHHe Bb

H~-tt<eSI, 6a3HJlHKara Sb Kaepb·H6Hb·Bap.o,aHb J.1 AP- npH see rosa 06HKHOBeHI1Sirb crpo~-treneHb

Marep~-tanb sb rt3H erpaHH e t<aMbt<bTb. Cocp~-ti1et<ara Cs. Cocp~-tS! e, HanporHBb, H3t<Jll04~-trenHo

ryxneHa noCTpoi1t<a. Tosa pa3nHYHe w,e rpt6sa .o,a ce o651eHH 6e3b CbMHtHI1e eb snHSIH~-tero Ha

MterH~-trt yenosHSI. Cs. Cocp~-tS!, t<at<ro ee SHH<.o,a, 3ana3Ba ow,e Sb rosa orHoweHHe, Bb npor~-tsono

nomHoerb Ha nO-KbeHI1rt BH3aHrHHeKH noerpoi1t<H Cb eMteeHb Marep11aJlb, rpa.o,HU,HI1rt Ha pHMeKHSI

HaYHHb Ha rpa.o,eH<b, SbBe.O,eHb J.1 pa3npoerpaHeHb y Haeb npt3b sptMe Ha pHMeKOrO SJla.O,HYeeTBO

Bb M~-t3HSI 1-1 Tpat<HSI .

Hai1-noent oerasa .o,a 3a6tntH<HMb, ye Sb Mana-f\31-151 npto6na.o,asarb U.HJlHHAPHYeet<Hrt

CBO.O,OBe, KOHrO Ci\'\ no-npHIO,[I,HI-1 npH KaMeHHara I<OHCTPYKU.I-151. npH Ca. CocpHS! HaMHpaMe, Hanpo

rHSb, t<pberar~-t MOHacr~-tpet<H cso.o,ose, Cb CbsetMb ena6o H3ni\'\t<HanH pe6pa. Kat<ro sH.o,txMe no-ropt

(erp. 114), TOJH HaYHHb Ha 3aeso.o,SIBaHe ow,e Sb Ill 1-1 IV stt<b e 6~-tnb ront<03b pa3npoerpaHeHb Bb

CocpHS! , Ye ce e ynorpt651Banb .o,ame 1-1 npH rat<HBa He3HaY~-trenHH noerpoi1t<H, t<at<s~-tro ei\'\ erapo

xp~-terHSIHet<Hrt rpa.o,eHH rpo6HHU,H. Cnt.o,osarenHo Jaeso.o,SIBaHero Ha Ca. Cocp~-tS! eb t<pberarH eso

.o,ose HaM~-tpa esoero o651cHeHHe Sb rpaAHU.HHrt Ha MterHoro erpo~-trenHo H3t<ycrso. Cb rosa, pa3-

6~-tpa ee, He Het<al'1b .o,a KaH<a, Ye t<pberarHSITb CBO.O,b Ce e pa3SJ.1Jlb eaMOerOSireJlHO Ha MterHa

1) Cp H Die h I, Manuel, crp. 84. 2) rn. Ramsay and Bell, u11r. CbY. crp. 209 ; cp. 11 crp. 32111323.

Pa3JJH4He Ha Cs. Cocpmr OTb Manoa3H5!TCKHTt. UbpKBH 131

n04Ba. lJ.a}l{e 11MaMe A0CTaTb4HO OCHOBaHI1e Aa npi>AnOnaraMe, 4e 11 TO~ ce e n051BI1nb Ha~-Hanpi>Ab

Bb Mana-f\31151,1) Ai>TO MO}I{e 611 CaMO He e MOrbnb Aa A0CTI1rHe nO-W11p01<0 pa3npoCTpaHeHI1e.

06aye Bb HaWI151 cnyYa~ 11Ma no-roni>Mo 3Ha4eHI1e o6cT051TencTBOTO, Ye Bb Cocjm51 TO~ ce e yno

Tpi>651Banb MHOro spi>Me npi>AI1 Cbrpa}I{AaHeTo Ha caMaTa Cs. Cocjm51 11 ye nrEAUBaTenHo HerOBOTO

npi>HaC51He OTb Mana-f\31151, ai<O e 11Mano noA06Ho Hi>w,o, Tpi>6sa Aa e CTaHano MHOro no-paHo.

\. Yf TaKa Hl1e B11}1{AaMe, Ye np11 Cbrpa}I{AaHeTo Ha Cs. Cocp1151, HapeAb Cb Manoa31151TCI<I1Ti>

Bni151HI151, Ci'K 11rpan11 Ba}I{Ha pOn51 11 Mi>CTHI1Ti> ycnOBI151, TpaAI1U.1111Ti> Ha Mi>CTHOTO CTp011TenHO 113-

I<YCTBO. >IB51Ba ce TOraBa BbnpOCbTb, AOCTaTb4HI1 n11 Ci'K Ti>311 ycnOBI151, 3a Aa Hl1 0651CH51Tb np0113-

X0}1{AeHI1eTO Ha apx11Tei<TOHCI<aTa cpopMa Ha cocp11~CI<aTa Cs. Cocp1151, rnaBHO Ha naTI1HCKI151 KpbCTb,

I<O~TO HaM11paMe Bb He~HI151 nnaHb? Mo}l{e n11 Aa ce AOnycHe, 4e HOBOTO, KOeTO Ta311 cpopMa npi>A

CTaB51 no OTHOWeHI1e Ha nO-CTap11Ti> U,bpKOBHI1 nOCTp0~1<11, e MOrnO Aa ce n051BI1 Ha Mi>CTHa n04Ba, , 6e3b yyacnteTO Ha Apyr11 CTpaHI14HI1 Bni151HI151? 3a Aa OTrOBOp11Mb Ha Ti>311 BbnpOCI1, OTb K011TO

3aBI1C11 Bb roni>Ma CTeneHb apx11TeKTYPH0-11CTOp114eCKOTO 3Ha4eHI1e Ha Cs. Cocp1151, Heo6XOA11MO e

npi>A11 BCI141<0 Aa XBbpn11Mb eA11Hb norneAb Bbpxy Bpb3KI1Ti> Ha Ta311 U,bpKBa Cb 3anaAHOeBpone~

CKaTa pOMaHCKa a pX11TeKTypa.

4. Cs. CocpVI7! VI poMaHcKaTa UbpKOBHa apxVIreKrypa

Ha Hi>I<OnKO ni'KTI1 Be4e AOCera Hl1e 3aCi>raxMe MI1MOXOA0Mb Bbnpoca 3a CXOACTBOTO Me}I{AY

cocp11~cKaTa Cs. Cocp1151 11 poMaHCKI1Ti> u,bpKBI1. HeKa Aa B11A11Mb

no-nOAp06HO, AOKi'KAt, ce npOCT11pa TOBa CXOACTBO 11 I<ai<BI1 3a-

Knl04eHI151 MO}I{eMb Aa 113BaA11Mb OTb Hero 3a Bni151HI1eTO Ha 113-

Bi>CTHI1 a pX11Tei<TypH11 cpOpM11 Bb eAHO 11n11 Apyro Han pasneHI1e.

np11 TOBa Tpi>6Ba Aa 3a6i>'li>}I{I1Mb, 4e Ti>311 BbnpOCI1 npi>n

CTaB51Tb 3a HaCb 11HTepeCb CaMO OTb XpOHOnOri14HO rneA11W,e,

T. e. CaMO AOTOnKOBa, AOKOnKOTO Ti> 11MaTb 3Ha4eHI1e, 3a Aa

On pt,At,ni1Mb np110p11TeTa Ha eneMeHTI1Ti>, 1<011TO HaM11paMe KaKTO

npl1 CB. Cocp1151, TaKa 11 Bb poMaHCKI1Ti> ll,bpKBI1. no Ta311

np11411Ha He Bnl13a Bb HaWI1Ti> 3aAa411 Aa npaBI1Mb nonpo6Ho

11 1134epnaTenHO cpaBHeHI1e Me}I{AY eAHaTa 11 Apyri1Ti> noCTpO~KI1.

Ha nbpBo Mi>CTO Tpi>6sa Aa OT6i>ni>}I{I1Mb, Ye CXOA

CTBOTO Me}I{AY Cs. Cocp1151 11 poMaHCKI1Ti> np11MI1TI1BHI1 U.bpKBI1

(rn. o6p. 124) ce 3ai<niOYaBa npi>A11 BCI14KO Bb 51CHO 113pa-

3eHaTa Bb nnaHa cpopMa Ha naTI1HCKI1 KpbCTb, 3a 411eTO o6p11-

cyBaHe e He06XOAI1Mb He CaMO HanbnHO pa3BI1Tb Hanpi>4eHb

KOpa6b, HO TaKa Ci'KW,O 11 npi>AanC11AeHb I<BaApaTb, KO~TO cny}l{l1

3a ysen11YeH11e Ha anTapHOTO npoCTpaHCTBO. Tosa CXOACTBO A0-

611Ba OC06HO Ba}I{HQ 3Ha4eHI1e, KaTO ce 11Ma npi>Ab BI1Ab, 4e

Bb ManOa31151TCI<aTa U,bpi<OBHa apXHTei<Typa, KaKTO 113TbKHaXMe

no-rapt, ( CTp. 130), He ce cpi>w,a cpopMaTa Ha naTI1HCI<I151 I<pbCTb

TaKa, I<ai<TO ro HaM11paMe np11 Cs. Cocp1151. Ki'KAi> Bbo6w,e ce

e 51BI1na Ha~-Hanpi>Ab Ta311 cpopMa, e BbnpOCb, I<O~TO 4eCTO

e 6~-tnb A11CKYT11paHb, 6e3b Aa ce AO~Ae AOCera AO 3aAOBO

ni1TeneHb OTroBOpb.~) Bb Mana-f\31151 Hai1CTI1Ha AOcera He e

HaMi>peHa U,bpi<Ba, 411~TO nnaHb Aa 11Ma 51CHO 113pa3eHaTa cpopMa

Ha naTHHCKI151 KpbCTb -;-. np11 BCe TOBa, I<aTO Ce B3eMe npi>Ab

r-,.

06p. 124.- llnaHb Ha UbpKsara Bb CeHbraneHb OTb 830 r. (cnopenb De hi o und

Bezold, I ra6n. 42).

I) C hoi s y, L'art de batir chez les Byzantins, crp. 154 en.; cp. H Die h I, Manuel, crp. 89 en.

Neuwirth, Die Baukunst des Mittelalters, crp. 80 H 87, nt.ro e UHTHpaHa H no-crapara JJHTeparypa.

~) rn. Kraus, Gesch. der christlichen Kunst II 8 en.;

132 A pxHretnypHO·VICTOpHYeoo-nt n po6neM VI

BH,!l,b, 4e Bb Ta3H CTpaHa HaMHpaMe HanbilHO pa3BHTH 1-1 ,D,BaTa eneMeHTa, He06XO,!l,HMH 3a JlaTHHCKI-151

KpbCTb, a HMeHHO Hanpb4HH51 KOpa6b 1-1 KBa,D,paTHOTO npOCTpaHCTBO npi;,D,b anCH,D,aTa, MHOrO e

si;po51THO, Ye BbnpocHaTa cpopMa e 61-1na Cb3,D,a,D,eHa HaH-Hanp-E.D.b HMeHHO Bb Mana·f\31-151. 1) I13B-tcTHH

.D.pyrH o6cTOsiTencTBa rosop51Tb CJl'.Llf,O Bb non3a Ha TOBa np-t,D,nono»<eHHe. TaKa Hanp. Bb Mana-f\31-151

H3BbHpe.D.HO MHoro e pa3npocTpaHeHa KpbCTOBH,D,HaTa cpopMa T, K051TO ce pa3IlH4aBa OTb naTHH

CK¥151 KpbCTb caMo no TOBa, Ye H nHncsa KBa,D,paTbTb npi;,D,b ancH,D,aTa (rn. o6p. 125-128).~) Bnpo

YeMb Hanocni;,D,bKb Gil. 06HapO,D,BaHH CKHLJ,I-1 OTb e,D,Ha si;p051THO OLLI,e CTapoxpHCTH51HCKa U,bpKBa Bb

ll>t<HHb·,D,eHpMeHe Bb c-tsepHa MeconoTaMI-151,'3) np1-1 K051TO T03Y1 KBa,D,paTb HMa seYe c;;;Llf,aTa cpopMa,

KaKTO np1-1 poMaHCKHT-t u,bpKBH, KaTo H3IlH3a BbHb OTb Y13T04HaTa CT-EHa Ha U,bpKBaTa. Ha sc-EKH

cnyYaH np-t3b VI s-EKb, KaKTO noKa3Ba u,bpKBaTa Ha Po>t<,D,eCTBO XpHCTOBO Bb BHTneeMb (o6p. 129), cpopMaTa ·1· Tp-t6sa seye ,D,a e CJl'.Lll,ecTBysana Bb OpHeHTa, aKo HaHCTHHa ,D,HeWHH51Tb BH.D.b Ha

Bbn~OCHaTa U,bpKBa npOH3XO>K,D,a OTb TOBa Bpi;Me.~) HaH-nocni;· OCTaBa ,D,a cnoMeHeMb, 4e 1-1 Ta3H

U,bpKBa, Bb K051TO, KaKTO H3rJJe>t<,D,a, cpopMaTa Ha JlaTY1HCKY151 KpbCTb ce 51B51Ba 3a cera HaH-paHO Ha

esponeHCKa noYBa, a HMeHHO TbH Hape

YeHaTa Rocella del Vescovo di Squillace Bb

Kana6pH51, noKa3Ba 51BHO opHeHTaJJCKH

BilY151HY151.:')

I I I

I ........ •' I I : ________ .

'.

___ J:: ---

06p. 125. - Ubpt<sa sb KypwyHn)!{y (cno

penb Ramsay and 8 e II, u. c. o6p. 276).

+ =-~· ' : :'

' ~-- ----~t··~ ~ ; ' • -I .

; . ; ': : i ' !

1:.""--. ~! .! / - ~ .. 1 06p. 126. - · UbpKsa Sb Ct<ynH Sb KananoKVIS! (cnopenb

R 0 t t , UVIT. CbY. o6p. 66).

np1-1 TaKHBa YCilOBI-151 He e OLLI,e Bb3MO>t<HO ,D,a Ce Ka>t<e Cb nOilO>KHTeilHOCTb, ,D,i; Ce e

n051BHila HaH-Hanp-E.D.b cpopMaTa +. HaHCTHHa, T51 np-t,D,cTaB51 e,D,HHb OTb HaH-xapaKTepHHT-t ene

MeHTH Ha poMaHCKaTa U,bpKOBHa apXY1TeKTypa, HO Y13fJle>K,D,a ,D,a He e 4Y>K,D,a Y1 Ha MaJlOa3H51TCKaTa apXH-

1) Strzygowsk i, Kleinasien, crp. 221.

~) no-nonpo6Ho 3a ra3H cpopMa rn. y Ramsay and 8 e II. The thousand and one churches, crp. 340-428, ntro ce H36poS!saTb MHOro6poi1HH npHMtpH. Cp. VI Die hI, Manuel, crp. 95 Cb 3a6. 2.

::) M. van Berchem und Strzygowski, Fl.mida, Heidelberg 1910, crp. 268 Cb o6p. 210.

~) 06VIKHOSeHO Ce CYHTa, Ye UbpKsara Ha PO)!{lle

CTSO XpVICTOSO Sb BHTneeMb, KOS!TO e 611na CbrpaneHa OTb KoHCTaHTHHa 8enHKVI Karo neTKopa6Ha 6a3VII1HKa, e nonyYHfla UHeWHVIS! CH SHllb Sb sptMeTO Ha fOCTHHHaHa. rn . HoI tz in g e r, Altchristliche und byzantinische Baukunst, 3. Aufl. Leipzig 1909, crp. 104; A. Heisenberg, Grabeskirche und Apostelkirche, Leipzig 1908, I 223 en . Leclercq (y Cabral, Dictionna ire II 832-837 1, KaKro

MH Ce CTpysa, Cb npasO OTXSbpi1S! KaTO HeCbCTOS!TeilHO MHtHHero, Ye UbpKsara e 611na nptycrpoeHa OTb caMHS! fOCTHHHaHb. 06aye rosa HtUlO He H3KJ110YSa Sb3M0)!{HOCTbTa SbnpOCHHTt nptnpaSKH na Ce 6VII1H H3SbpWeHVI see naKb npt3b VI stKb. - Hai1-HosHrt H3cntnsaHH51 Ha ra3VI UbpKsa Olb R. W. S c h u It z, The Churche of the Nativity at Bethlehem, 11 OTb E. We i gand, Die Geburtskirche von Bethlehem, Leipzig 1911 , MH O K H3stcrHVI ca Mo orb peueH3HHrt Bb Byzant. Zeitschrift XX, 1911, 599 11 XXI , 1912, 344 en.

:.) Strzygow s ki , Kleinasien, crp. 220 c.1. 11 o6p. I 54-162. vbnt3JlaTa llO· KbCHO IlHTeparypa Bbpxy Ta 3H UbpKBa, KOS!TO He MH 6twe llOCTii; nHa , e OT6tn t3aHa H pe310MHpaHa HaKparKo OTb Cii;WHS! asropb Bb 8yzant. Zeitschrift XIII , 1904, 293.

.,PoMaHCKHT-t" eneNeHTH npH Cs. Co¢1151 133 -~~=--=~ -=--~ ----- ~

TeKTypa, MaKapb ~1 ga He e go611na HI1KOra Bb He~ ron-5Mo 3HaYeHI1e. Ha sc-B1<11 cnyya}:i Bb u,bp

KOBHaTa apx11TeKTypa Ha 3anagHa Espona Ta311 cpopMa ce 51B51Ba egsa np-53b IX s-5Kb. 1)

---\ Hanocn-5gbKb Cb oco6Ha HaCTOH41-1BOCTb ce 113TbKBa gpyrb egi1Hb ,poMaHCKI1" eneMeHTb Bb

Cs. Cocp!-151, a 11NeHHO KsagpaTHI151Tb cxeMaTI13bMb, Koiho ce

3aKntOYasa Bb TOBa, Ye KBagpaTbTb nog·b Kynona Ha egHa

U,bpKBa Ce B3eMa 3a Malll,a6Ha M-5pKa 1-1 Ce HaHaC51 113B-5CTHO

41-lcnO nJKTI1 KaKTO Bb rnaBHI151, TaKa 1-1 Bb Hanp-54HI151 1<0pa611.2)

F\1<0 BH11KHeMb no-go6p-5 Bb nnaHa Ha Cs. Cocp1151, lll,e Tp-56sa ga

np1-13HaeMb, Ye KsagpaTeHb cxeMaTI-13bMb np11 Ta31-1 u,bpKsa

egsan11 CJKlll,eCTBysa. nogKynonHI151Tb I<BagpaTb Bb CJKlli,HOCTb

TYKb HI1KJKA-5 He ce nosTap51; cn-5gosaTenr.o, TOH He e 1136paHb

Cb3HaTenHO 3a Malll,a6Ha M-5pKa, 1<051TO ga 11rpae KaKBaTO 11

ga 611no pon51 Bb pa3M-5p11T-5 Ha nnaHa. Ha11CTI1Ha, nnaHbTb Ha

U,bpKBaTa Ce pa3naga Ha 113B-5CTHO 4HCfl0 YeTBbpT11TI1 npOCTpaH

CTBa, o6a4e T-5 He Ce HaM1-1paTb Bb HHI<ai<BO Onpi;gi;neHO CbOT

HOWeHI1e egHO KbMb gpyro. T-5311 npocTpaHCTBa He ce 51B51BaTb

KaTo pe3ynTalb OTb a6CTpaKTHa cne1<ynau,1151 H OTb np-5gHa

M-5peHo H34HCneHI1e, HO np0113fll13aTb H31<fli0411TenHO OTb Ha-

4HHa Ha 3aCBO)J,51BaHeTO, TbH KaTO BC-5KH KpbCTaTb CBO)J,b

H311CI<Ba 3a OCHOBa egHO 4eTBbpT11TO npOCTpaHCTBO, KOeTO

Tp-56sa no Bb3MO>KHOCTb ga ce np116nH>t<asa go KsagpaTa. ETo

3alll,o np11 u,bpKBaTa Cs. Cocp1151 He 6HxMe MOrnH ga rosop11Mb

3a KBagpaTeHb cxeMaTI13bMb, ocs-5Hb 3a 3a4aTbU,I1 Ha TaKbBb 06p. 127. - UbpKsa Bb CHBpH-Xt-<eapb

(cnopenb R ott, UHT. Cb<j. o6p. 101\

e)J,I1Hb CXeMaTI13bMb KaTO pe3ynTaTb OTb Ha411Ha Ha 3aCBO)J,51-

BaHeTO. BnpoYeMb, aKo ga>t<e gonycHeMb, Ye Bb nnaHa Ha Cs. Cocp1151 CJKlll,ecTBysa Hai1CTI1Ha

06p. 128. - UbpKBa naHa r H5l Bb ToMap3a (cnopenb Rot t, UHT. CbY. ::>6p. 60).

11 D e;h i o und Be z o I d, Die kirchliche Baukunst des:Fibendlandes I 160 en.

2) rn. 3a TOBa H-two De hi 0 und Be z 0 I d, UHT.

KsagpaTeHb cxeMaTI13bMb, TO see naKb He 611xMe

MOrnH ga 03Ha4HMb Ta3H OC06HOCTb KaTO poMaHCI<a.

3alli,OTO H Bb Mana-f\3H51 HaMHpaMe u,i;na peg11ua

Mam<H 3acso.n.eHH U,bpKBI1 Cb cpopMa Ha 6yKsaTa T,

npH 1<011TO KBa,D.paTHI151Tb CXeMaTI13bMb Hrpae MHOfO

no-ron-5Ma pon51, OTKOnKOTO npH Cs. Cor.jJH51.3) f\1<0

B3eMeMb 3a npHM-5pb U,bpKBaTa Bb K.ypwyHA>KY

(o6p. 125), TO lll,e BI1D.I1Mb, Ye Ksa.n.paTbTb, o6pa3y

saHb OTb np-5CH4aHeTO Ha Ha)J,flb>I<HI151 1<0pa6b Cb Ha

np-5YHH51, e HaHeCeHb T04HO no e)J,I1Hb nJKTb Ha

c-5sepb 11 Ha !Orb Bb Hanp-5YHI151 Kopa6b 11 He

CbBC-5Mb TOYHO ,D.Ba nJKTI1 Ha 3anCI,D.b Bb Ha,D.nb>KHI-151

1<0pa6b. nogo6HO ycTpOHCTBO 11MaTb H U,bpi<BHT-5

Bb C1<yn11 (o6p. 126), C11spH-XHcapb (o6p. 127) H To

Map3a(o6p. 128)sb Kana,D.OKI151, np11 KOI1TO KpbCTOB11A

HaTa cpopMa e seye c11nHo pa3BI1Ta. f\1<0 cn-5.n.Gsa-

TenHO 611XMe HC1<an11 ,D.a CBbp>t<eMb n051B51BaHeTO Ha

KBagpaTHI151 CXeMaTI13bMb Cb pa3BI1TI1eTO Ha 1138-5-

CTeHb a pX11TeKTypeHb CTI1flb, TO 611 Tp-56sano ,D.a

,D.11p11Mb HerOBOTO np0113XO>K,D.eHI1e nO-CKOpO Bb Mano

a3H51TCI<aTa, OTI<Ofli<OTO Bb pOMaHCKaTa apXHTeKTypa.

CbY. I 159 en.; Neuwirth, UHT. Cb<j. crp. 115. 3) rn. 3a Th3H UbpKBH R a m say and Be II, The

thousand and one churches, cTp. 340-428.

134

O~e no-ManKo 6HxMe HManH npaso Aa rosopHMb npH Cs. CoqJH51 1) 3a 3a4aTbLJ,H OTb TbH

Hape4eHaTa CBbp3aHa CHCTeMa Bb pOMaHCKJ.151 CTHnb, KOSITO Ce CbCTOI1 Bb TOBa, 4e Ha BC-6KJ.1 CBOAb

Bn rnaBHJ.151 KOpa6b OTrOBap51Tb ABa CBOAa Bb CTpaHJ.14HJ.151.2) (}l:.~eCTBeHaTa J.1 nnOAOTBOpHa MJ.1Cbnb

Ha CBbQ3aHaTa CHCTeMa Ce np051B51Ba Bb o6CT051TenCTBOTO, 4e CBOAOBeT-6 KaKTO Ha rnaBHJ.151, TaKa J.1

Ha CTpaHJ.14HJ.151 Kopa6J.1 n04HBaTb 0T4aCTJ.1 Bbpxy eAHH J.1 C}I:.~J.1 nHnaCTpH, KOHTO, npi;Ab BHAb Ha

rontMaTa T51>t<eCTb, ce npaB51Tb nO-MaCHBHJ.1. 3aTOBa nbKb OCTaHanHT-6 nOMe>t<AY nHnaCTpH, Bbpxy

KOHTO Ce Kp-6n51Tb CBOAOBerl CaMO Ha CTpaHJ.14HJ.151 KOpa6b, HOC51Tb MHOrO nO-ManKa T51>t<eCTb, BCn-6A

CTBJ.1e Ha KOeTO T"E A06J.1BaTb HnH Apyra cpopMa J.1 pa3M-6pH, HnH Ce 3aM-5CTSITb nbKb Cb KOnOHJ.1.

no TaKbBb Ha4J.1Hb Bb nOAnOpKHT-6 ce 51B51Ba no-ron-GMO O>t<HBneHHe J.1 pHTbMb. npH Cs. CocpH51 He

HaMHpaMe HH~O nOA06HO, KOeTO Aa ce CpaBHJ.1 Cb T-63J.1 3p-6no 06MHCneHH KOM6HHaLJ,HJ.1, Bb3MO>t<HJ.1

CaMO npH eAHHb CHnHO pa3BJ.1Tb Be4e apXHTeKTypeHb CTHnb. Ha • BC-6KJ.1 CBOAb OTb LJ,eHTpanHHSI KOpa6b

Ha Cs. Cocp:.-tS! He caMo He CbOTB-6TcTsysaTb ABa HnH noHe T04HO eAHHb CBOAb Bb CTpaHH4HH51 KO

pa6b - BM-6CTO TOBa TYKb HaMHpaMe OTHOWeHHeTO ABa KbMb TpH CBOAa - HO Bb06~e HHTO eAHHb

OTb nHnaCTpHT-6 He KptnH C}l:.~esptMeHHO CBOAOBe OTb rnaBHJ.151 J.1 OTb CTpaHJ.14HJ.151 KOpa6H . .[l,sa

OTb nHnaCTpHTt, OCTaBaTb npH TOBa CbBC-tMb CB060AHJ.1, HO J.1 rl, BbnptKH TOBa 06CTOSITenCTBO, HJ.1

HaH·ManKO He Ce OTnH4aBaTb OTb OCTaHanHT-t. npH eAHa crpaAa, K051TO 61-1 6Hna He TOnK03b npH

• iii • ii • • • • • • • II

• •

• il • ill

• • iii ill • • ii • ill •

tt:.-· .= .... = ...

MJ.1TJ.1BHa KaTO Cs. CocpH51 (rn. CTp. 45 en.), KaKBHTO C}l:. Hanp . poMaHCKHrl

Ll,bpKBH, Ta3J.1 pa3nHKa Bb cpyHKLI,J.151Ta Ha nHnaCTpHT-t HenptMeHHO 61-1

6Hna J.13nOn3yBaHa OTb CTpOHTen!-1 3a A06J.1BaHeTO Ha J.13BtCTHJ.1 ecpeKTJ.1

J.1 Ha no-ron-6MO O>t<J.1BneHJ.1e Bb nHHHHT-t.

0Tb Ka3aHOTo AOTYKb CTaBa SIBHO, Ye eAHHCTBeHaTa xapaKTepHa

oco6HOCTb, K051TO CBbp3sa cocpHHCKaTa Cs. CocpH51 Cb poMaHCKHrl Ll,bpKBH,

ce 3aKnl04aBa Bb cpopMaTa Ha naTHHCKH51 KpbCTb Cb YAbn>t<eHHe Ha

11ptAanCJ-1AHOTO npoCTpaHCTBO. 0Tb Apyra CTpaHa 51BHO e. Ye Cs. CocpY151 no

MHoro pa6oTH ce pa3nHYasa pt3KO OTb poMaHCKHT-t Ll,bpKBH. KaTo OCTa

BSIMe Ha CTpaHa nO-BTOpOCTeneHHJ.1 OC06HOCTJ.1, AOCTaTb4HO e Aa CnOMe

HeMb, ye CbBbpweHo YY>t<Ab Ha poMaHCKHT-6 Ll,bpKBH e KynonbTb, KOHTO

HaMHpaMe npH Cs. CocpHSI, a TaKa c;y;~o TBbpA-t ptAKH C}l:. H MOHaCTHp

CKHT-t CBOAOBe. 3) npH TaKHBa 06CT051TenCTBa 51BS!Ba Ce BbnpOCbTb, AOCTa-

Tb4Ha nH e cpOpMaTa Ha naTHHCKJ.151 KpbCTh, KOSITO Jla BC-tKH cnyYaH J.13-

rne>t<Aa Aa He e CbsctMb YY>t<Aa Ha Mana-fbH51 (CTp. 133), 3a Aa AOnyc-06p. 129.- Ubpt<BaTa Ha Pom-necTBo XpHcToso Bb BHTneeMb HeMb, ye Cs. CocpHSI ce e HaMHpana nOAb Bm151HHeTo H Ha poMaHCKaTa

(cnopellb H 0 I tz in g e r, f\ltchr. apXHTeKTypa H Ye cntAOBaTenHo Ta3H Ll,bpKBa ~e Tpt6sa Aa ce AaTHpa Bb und byzant. Baukunst, o6p. 126).

MHoro no-KbCHO sptMe? He Tpt6sa nH no-o<opo Aa AOnycHeMb o6paTHOTO,

a HMeHHO, 4e cpopMaTa Ha naTJ.1HCKJ.151 KpbCTb, nOAb BnJ.151HJ.1eTO Ha Manoa3J.151TCKJ.1 TpaAHLJ,J.1J.1, KOHTO

J.13TbKHaxMe no-rapt, ce e n051BHna caMOCT051TenHo Bb Cs. CocpHSI MHoro no-paHo, H Ye Bb Tosa

OTHOWeHHe Cs. CocpY151 ce 51B51Ba KaTo eAHa OTb nptAweCTBeHHLI,HT-t Ha poMaHCKH51 CTHnb?

3a Aa OTrOBOpHMb npaBHnHO Ha T03J.1 J.13BbHpeAH0 Ba>t<eHb BbnpOCb 3a pa3BJ.1TJ.1eTO Ha pOMaH

CKaTa apXHTeKTypa, ~e Tpt6sa Aa XBbpnHMb eAY1Hb norneAb nptAY1 BCJ.14KO Bbpxy HeHHOTO npOH3-

XO>t<AeHJ.1e. 0TKaTo Bbo6~e CTapoxp11CTH51HCKaTa apxHTeKTypa Bb Mana-fbH51 H CHpH51 e CTaHana no

A06pt J.13BtCTHa Ha yYeHHT-t, He e MOrna Aa Ce He 3a6-tnt>t<J.1 ron-6MOTO CXOACTBO, KOeTO C}l:.~ecTByBa

Me>t<AY Ta3J.1 apXHTeKTypa OTb eAHa CTpaHa J.1 poMaHCKaTa OTb Apyra. Tosa CXOACTBO e TOnK03b

ron-6MO J.1 o6xBall.\a TaKHBa CiY\~eCTBeHH Ht~a,4) A-6TO He MO>t<e Aa ce MHCnH 3a eAHO cnyYaHHO

CbBnaAeHHe HnH 3a CaMOCT051TenHO n051B51BaHe Ha C}I:.WHT-t apXHTeKTypHH cpopMH Bb ABt, pa3HJ.1 MtCTa,

1) n p 0 T H '-l b , Cs. Co¢1-151, CTp. 49, 63 en., 70, 99. ~) Bbpxy CBbp3aHaTa CHCTeMa rn. De h i o und

B ez o I d u. c. I 316 H 470 en.; N e u w i r t h, u. c. CTp. 119. 3) Cp. Dehio und Bezold , UHT.Cb'LI303H332cn.

4J S t r z y go w ski. Kleinasien, CTp 206 en., Der Dom zu f\achen , CTp. 24 H f\mida , CTp. 274 ; Die hI, Manuel, CTp. 674 en.; cp. H Springer-Neuwirth, Handbuch der Kunstgeschichte II 7-MO H3Ll. CTp . 40.

Cs. Coqm51 KaTo np-tuwecTBeHHua Ha poMaHCKH51 CTHnb 135

I<OYITO HYII<Ora He C.¥. 6Y!nYI YI30nY!paHYI ep,HO OTb gpyro . .ilHeCb MO}I{eMb ga C4Y!TaMe Be4e 3a yCTaHO

BeHO, 4e pa3BYITY!eTO Ha poMaHCI<aTa a pXY!TeKTypa Ce HaMY!pa Bb HaH-T"fiCHa Bpb3Ka Cb pa3BYITYieTO

Ha ManOa3YI51TCI<O-CY1pY1HCI<aTa apXY!TeKTypa Y1 4e ep,Ha OTb gs1;r5 e ynpa}I{HY!nil CYinHO BnYI51HYie

Bbpxy gpyraTa, npYI Tosa, KonKoTo Yl ga e TPYAHO na ce Ka}l{e seYe cb nonO}I{YITenHocTb, Kora Yl no

KaKbBb Ha4Y!Hb e 6Y!no ynpa}I{HeHo TOBa BnYI51HYie, see naKb He nogne}I{YI Ha CbMH"tHY!e, ye He

poMaHcKaTa apxY!TeKTypa, 4YieTo pa3BYITY!e ce naga egsa Bb X Yl XI s-6Kb, e snYI5tna Bbpxy OpY!eHTa,

a o6paTHO np"tp,Y!MCTBOTO npY!Hagne}I{YI Ha T03YI nocn-6P,HY151. f\1<0 Bb06w,e npocn"tp,Y!Mb cpaBHYITenHO

pa3BYITY!eTO Ha U,bpKOBHaTa apXY!TeKTypa np"63b nbpBY!T-6 B-6KOBe Ha XpY1CTYI51HCTBOTO, w,e BYI)J,Y!Mb, 4e

6onWYIHCTBOTO OTb HOBOBbsegeHYI51Ta Y!gaTb OTb OpYiei-'Ta Yl Ye r5 necHo HaMY!paTb gocTJKnb Yl Bb

3anagHaTa apxY!TeKTypa, K051TO no TOBa sp-5Me ow,e He e ce TOnK03b OTganeYY!na Bb csoeTo pa3BYI

TY!e Yl He e ce TaKa yCTaHOBY!na, 3a ga ce He noggasa Ha 4Y}I{AO Bb3g"6i1cTBY!e. Tosa MOW,HO snYI51HY!e ,

Ha OpY!eHTanCKYirB Tpap,YIU,YIYI Ce np051B51Ba OC06HO CYinHO Bb WY!pOKOTO p03npoCTpaHeHY!e, KOeTO

BY!3aHTY!i1CKYIT"6 cpopMYI HaMY!paTb Bb 3anagHaTa apXYITeKTypa OTb VI go IX cTOn-6TY!51. 1)

06p. 130. - CTapaTa MHTpononH51 Bb MeceMBpH51.

KaTo B3e:vieMb cn-tgosaTenHo np"tgb BYIAb BnYI51HY!eTo Ha OpYieHTa Bbpxy npOY13XO}I{neHY!eTo

Ha pOMaHCI<aTa apXY!TeKTypa OTb ep,Ha CTpaHa, a OTb gpyra - Manoa3YI51TCI<YI51 xapaKTepb Ha COcpYIH

CKaTa Cs. CocpY151, TO necHo e ga ce y6"6gY!Mb, Ye BCY14KO Tosa, KOeTo Ha npbBb nornegb HYI ce

CTpysa Bb Cs. CocpY151 KaTo , poMaHcKo", ce o651CH51Ba npoCTo Cb o6w,HOCTbTa Ha nbpBOYI3T04HYIKa.

no Ta3YI' npY14Y!Ha He MO}I{e _YI gyMa ga CTaBa 3a H-6Kai<BO BnYI51HY!e Ha pOMaHCI<YI51 CTY!nb s·bpXy

Cs. CocpY151, I<051TO Yl no gaTa, KaKTO BYig"txMe, nptgweCTsysa Cb H"tKonKo cTon"tTY151 HerosoTo pa3-

BYITY!e. ctJopMaTa Ha naTYIHCI<YI51 KpbCTb, MaKapb P,OCera Y1 ga He e YI3B-6CTHa 4p"63b CYirypHYI gaTY!

paHYI npY1M"tpY1 OTb TOnK03b paHHa enoxa, caMa no ce6e CYI He e gocTaTb4Ha, 3a ga yManosa}I{Y!

apryMeHTY!T-6, KOYITO npY!BegoxMe 3a gaTY!paHeTO Ha Cs. CocpY151 Bb VI cTon"tTYie Yl ga HYI y6"6gY! Bb

1) Die hI, Manuel, np. 102-120,320-332,359-363.

136 F\ pXHTeKTypHO-HCTOpH YeCIUirl. n po6neMH

KaKBOTO 11 )J,a 611no nptAnonaraeMo Bni151HI1e Ha poMaHCK1151 cr11n1:, Bbpxy Hawara U,bpKBa. Hanpo

TI1Bb, Karo 11MaMe np-EAb BI1)J,b, Ye BCI14KI1 eneMeHTI1, Heo6xo,IJ,11MI1 3a no51B51BaHero Ha ¢opMara Ha

naTI1HCKI151 KpbCTb, Ce cpi;w,aTb Bb JY\ana-f\31151, HO He 11 Ha 3ana)J,b, OW,e TBbp)J,i; paHO, TO CbBCtMb

eCTeCTBeHo e )J,a HaM-Ep11Mb ra311 ¢opMa HanbnHo pa3BI1Ta Bb e)J,Ha U,bpKBa ow,e OTb VI s-EKb Karo

co¢11i1cKara Cs. Co¢1151, K051TO ce HaM11pa HanbnHo nO)J,b Bni151HI1ero Ha Manoa31151TCKara apx11reKrypa.

Cnt.)J,osarenHo Cs. Co¢1151 ce 51B51Ba Karo nptAweCTBeHI1u,a Ha poMaHCKI151 cr11nb, a He Karo cro51w,a

nO)J,b HerOBO Bni151HI1e, 11 TO KaTO HOCI1TenKa Ha OHa311 ¢opMa - naTI1HCKI1 KpbCTb - K051TO Bb

nocntACTBI1e e rp-E6sano )J,a 11rpae Hai1-rontMa pon51 Bb pa3BI1TI1ero Ha poMaHcKara apx11reKrypa.

Era Bb w,o ce CbCTOI1 ron-EMo-:-o 3Ha4eHI1e Ha co¢11i1cKara Cs. Co¢1151 3a 11crop1151Ta Ha apX11TeKry

para. 8b He51 Hl1e HaM11paMe OHa311 nptXO)J,Ha ¢opMa , K051TO, KaTO OCTaB51 Ha CTpaHa Bl13aHTI1HCK11ft

06p. 131. - ,.LJepBeHaTa YepKBa" npH nepyWHUa, OTb IOrb.

crpo11renH11 rpaAI1U,1111, o6pa3ysa l .e)J,I1HI1TenHara 6pbHKa Me>KAY poMaHCKI151 cr11nb Ha 3ana)J,b 11

crapoxp11CTI151HCKara apx11reKrypa Bb Mana-f\31151. 6naroAapeHI1e Ha He51 xl1nore3ara 3a op11eHrancKoro

np0113XO>K)J,eHI1e Ha pOM aHCKI151 CTI1nb )J,0611Ba e)J,Ha HOB a 11 TBbp)J,i; Cl1nHa onopa. 3a W,OTO, KOnKOTO

OTb e)J,Ha crpaHa Ta311 UbpKBa CT011 6ni13KO )J,O poMaHCKI1Tt, TOnK03b OTb Apyra CTpaHa HeHH1151Tb

Manoa31151TCKI1 xapaKrepb 11 paHWHa n.ara Ce HaM11paTb BbHb OTb BCtKaKBO CbMH-EH11e. no TaKbBb

Ha411Hb Cs. Co¢1-151 3anbnsa e)J,Ha 4YBCTBI1TenHa npa3AHI1Ha Bb 11crop1151Ta Ha 113Kycrsoro 11 ce 51B51Ba

KaTO Cl1rypeHb MOCTb npi;3b OHa311 nponaCTb, K051TO )J,OCera OT)J,tn51We 0p11eHTa OTb OTe4eCTBOTO

Ha poMaHcKara apx11reKrypa Ha 3ana)J,b. ~~

To311 pe3ynrarb 11Ae TaKa He04aKBaHo, 4e sctKoi1 611 11Manb npaso )J,a ce 3aMI1Cnl1 . Btpo51THO

n11 e Bbo6w,e, 4e e)J,I1Hb apX11TeKrypeHb naMeTHI1Kb OTb raKbBb Ba>KeHb np-Exo)J,eHb xapaKrepb e

MOH<anb )J,a ce no51BI1 Bb e)J,Ha crpaHa Karo 6bnrap1151, K051TO, aKa ce Ci'KA11 no rosa, Koero noHe AO

)J,HeCb e 113BtcrHo, 113rne»<Aa )J,a He e 11rpana HtKaKBa oco6Ha pon51 Bb pa3BI1TI1ero Ha crapoxp11-

CTI151HCKara apx11reKrypa? VIMano n11 e Bbo6w,e Bb 6bnrap1151 no rosa sp-EMe ycnoBI151 , 3a Aa ce

CrapoxpHCTHIIHCt<H apxHTet<rypHH naM~THHUH Bb 6bnrapH51 137

pa3BHS!Tb Ha Mi:.CTHa n04Ba, nO.ll,b BflHSIHHeTO Ha BbHWHH Tpa.ll,HL.I,HH, HOBH apXHTeKTypHH cpopMH, HflH

Tpt.6sa na C4HTaMe Cs. CocpHS! 3a cnyYai1Ha noCTpoi1Ka, KOSITO Hi:.Ma HHw,o o6w,o Cb Mi:.CTHHrn

CTpOHTeflHH Tpa.ll,HL.I,HH H 4HHTO nnaHb e 6Hnb npOCTO 3aeTb OTb npyro Mi:.CTO?

Ha Ti:.3H Bbnpocr~ MJK4HO MO>He na ce onosopH Cb nono>HHTenHOCTb, npt.nH na ce H3cnt.n

BaTb nOnp06HO 3ana3eHHTi:. y HaCb CTapoxpHCTHSIHCKH apXHTeKTYPHH naMeTHHLI,H, KOHTO H3rne>H.ll,aTb

.ll,a CJK MHOrO noBe4e H MHOro nO-Ba>HHH, OTKOflKOTO 06HKHOBeHO Ce MHCflH. ,lJ,a>He e.ll,HHb nOBpbXHO

CTeHb norne.ll,b Bbpxy MaflKOTO H3Bi:.CTHH .ll,OCera naMeTHHLI,H OTb T03H BH.ll,b e .ll,OCTaTb4eHb na HH

y6i:.nH Bb Ti:.XHOTO ro!li:.MO 3Ha4eHHe. npH llHnCaTa Ha nO-nO.ll,p06HH H3Y4BaHHSI, HHe w,e Ce 3a.ll,O

BOflHMb 3aCera CaMO .ll,a H36pOHMb Hi:.KOH OTb no-Ba>HHHT-5 CTapOXpHCTHSIHCKH L.l,bpKBH y HaCb.

Ha nbpBo Mi:.CTO Tpt.6sa na ce cnpeMb Bbpxy CTapaTa MHTpononHSI Bb MeceMBpHS! (o6p.

113 H 130), KOSITO OTb BCH4KH UbpKBH Bb 6bnrapHS1 CTOH 6e3b CbMHi:.HHe Ha11-6nH3KO no Cs. CocpHS!

no CBOSI o6w,b xapaKTepb. 0Tb Ta3H U.bpKBa nHecb CTbp4aTb caMo TPH ci-t.HH, OTb KOHTO Ha11-no6pt.

e 3ana3eHa H3T04HaTa Cb ancHnaTa. Bb TOBa nonypa3pyweHo CbCTOSIHHe U.bpKBaTa ce HaMHpa se4e

Q6p. 132. - ., LJepBeHaTa Yept<Ba " npH nepyWHUa, OTb ci;sepb.

OT.ll,aBHa, KaKTO Ce BH>H.ll,a OTb e.ll,Ha CTapa pHCYHKa, HanpaBeHa Oll..\e npi:.3b 1829 rOA• (o6p. 113).

no CBOS!Ta ¢opMa U.bpKBaTa npt.ncTaBSI TpHKOpa6Ha 6a3HllHKa, CbrpaneHa OTb KaMbHH H TYXllH, Cb

nnocbKb ABYCKnoHeHb noKpHBb, 6e3b Kynonb. CTpaHH4HHTt. KOpa6r~ or:; OTnt.neHH OTb rnaBHHSI Cb

MaCHBHH YeTBbpTHTH nHnaCTpH, CBbp3aHH Cb apKH, c;r;.w,o KaKTO npH Cs. CocpHSI. Bbpxy Ti:.xb ce

H3.ll,HraTb OW,e e.ll,HHb pe.ll,b nO.ll,06HH nHJlaCTpH, KOHTO OT.ll,i:.JlSITb BHCOKH 3aCBO.ll,eHH OTBOpH, Bi:.

pOS!THO np030pL.I,H. f\nCH.ll,aTa e He06HKHOBeHO WHpOKa, KaTO 3aeMa n04TH L.l,i:.JlaTa lllHp04HHa Ha

rnaBHHSI Kopa6b. UbpKBaTa e Be4e TOJ1K03b pa3pyweHa, Ye 6e3b npt.nsapHTellHH pa3KOnKH MJK4HO

6r~xa ce yCTaHOBHllH BCH4KH non,po6HoCTH Ha HeHHHSI nbpBoHa4aneHb BH.ll,b. Bee naKb AOCTaTb4HH

CJK 1-1 naneHHTi:. TYKb H3rnenH, 3a .ll,a ce BHAH H npH TOBa CbCTOSIHHe, KOJlKO o6w,o HMa Me>HAY Ta3H

U.bpKBa H Cs . CocpHS! KaKTO no OTHoweHHe Ha Ha4HHa Ha rpane>Ha, TaKa H no OTHOWeHHe Ha apxH

TeKTYPHHrn ¢opMH, oco6Ho Ha nr~naCTpr~rn, apKr~Tt. H npo3opur~Tt.. TyKb HaMr~paMe naKb c;r;.w,r~rn

paBHH, Henpi:.KJKCHaTH Cb HHKaKBH npOcpHnH nllOCKOCTH, CJKW,HT-5 Te>HKH nponOpL.I,HH H MaCHBHH

Cs. Co<j>H~ . 18

138 f\ pXHTeKrypH O-HCTOpHYeCKHll; n p06JJeMH

¢opMV1, CJKW,aTa nVInCa Ha KaKBaTO VI ,JJ,a 6VInO Bi'KTpi:.wHa apXVITeKTypHa ,JJ,eKOpal.I,VI51, KOVITO KOHCTa

TVIpaxMe no-ropi:. VI npVI Cs. Coqm51. S!BHO e, Ye ,JJ,Bi:.Ti:. UbpKBVI, KOnKOTO VI ,JJ,a Ci'K pa3nVI4HVI no nnaHo

seTi:. CVI, Ci'K rpa,JJ,eHVI nO,JJ,b BnVI51HVIeTO Ha e,JJ,HVI VI Ci'KW,VI a pXVITeKTYPHVI Tpa,JJ,VIl.I,VIVI, OTb Mai1CTOpV1, -

aKO MOH<eMb TaKa ,JJ,a Ce V13pa3VIMb - KOVITO Ci'K npVIHa,JJ,neH<anVI Ha CJKW,aTa WKOna.

no-nonpo6HOTO VI3Y4BaHe Ha CTapaTa MV1TpononVI51 Bb MeceMBpV151 6VI HVI ,[l,OBeno 6e3b CbM

Hi:.HVIe llO Ci'KW,VITi:. 3aKnl04eHV151 3a BnV151HVIeTO Ha ManOa3VI51TCKaTa apXVITeKTypa, ,[1,0 KOVITO ,JJ,Oi1,JJ,OXMe

VI no-ropi:. npVI pa3rneH<,JJ,aHeTo Ha Cs. Co¢VI51. 1) 06a4e TOBa 6VI 6VIno e,JJ,Ha 3a,JJ,a4a, K051TO 3acny>t<asa

cnel.I,VIanHO VI3Cni:.,JJ,BaHe VI K051TO Vl3nVI3a BbHb OTb paMKVITi:. Ha HaCT051W,aTa KHVIra. 0THOCVITenHO

,JJ,aTaTa Ha CTapaTa MV1TpononVI51 w,e 3a6i:.ni:.H<VIMb caMo, 4e T51 Vl3rneH<,JJ,a ,JJ,a 6JK,JJ,e no-cTapa OTb

Cs. Co¢VI51, KaKTO ce BVIH<,JJ,a npi:.AVI BCVI4KO OTb ¢opMaTa Ha anCVI,JJ,aTa VI OTb nnocKVI51 noKpVIBb.

06p. 133. - ,LJepseHaTa YepKsa" npH nepyWHUa, OTb cl;sepo-3anallb.

Ha CJKW,aTa paHHa enoxa npVIHa,JJ,neH<VI 6e3b CbMHi:.HVIe VI HOBOOTKPVITaTa 6a3VInVIKa Bb XVI

cap51, nnoB,JJ,VIBCKO, OTb K051TO Ci'K 3ana3eHVI CaMO OCHOBVITi:. VI K051TO Ha BCi:.KVI cny4ai1 e nO-CTapa

OTb wecTOTO CTOni:.TVIe. 2) Ta3VI 6a3VInVIKa, Cb npi:.MBepVIe VI aTPVIYMb, CJKW.O e VI Mana nbpBOHaYanHo

TpVI KOpa6a, CTpaHVI4HVIT1; OTb KOVITO Ci'K 6VInVI OT,JJ,i:.neHVI no Cb TpVI 4eTBbpTVITVI, HO MHOrO no-cna6VI

nVInaCTpVI, Tb!1 4e MeH<,JJ,Y Ti:.3VI nocni:.nHVITi:. OCTaBaTb cpaBHVITenHO MHOrO WVIpOKVI OTBOpVI. Bcni:.,JJ,-

I) MeceMspHikKara UbpKsa noKa3sa rsbpn-t ro

n-tMo CXOJlCTBO Cb Ll)!{yMaHIOHb·Jl)!{3MHCf1 Bb flJlaJJH51,

K051TO ce narHpa owe Bb V s-tKb (Rott, Kleinasiatische

DenKmaler, crp. 32 en. H o6p. 10 H 18). Orb crr;wH51

THnb, JlO KOJJKOTO MO)!{e Jla ce C}f;JlH OTb JlOCeraWHHTl;

ny6nHKauHH, H3rne)!{Jla na 61hne H UbpKsara Ha ocrposa

Cs. f\xHJJb Bb np-tcnaHCKOTO e3epo, MaKapb T51 Jla npH

HaJlJJe)!{H Ha MHOrO nO-KbCHa enoxa; rJJ. n. MHJJIO-

K 0 Bb, Vbsl;cri51 pycCK. apxeOJJ. HHCTHT. Bb f<oHCT3HTHHO

noJJl; IV, 1899,47 en, ra6n.l-lll H06p. 11; t1op. Vlsa

HOBb, Vl3s-tcrH51 Ha 6bnr. apxeon. npy)!{. I, 1910, 67-70 H o6p. 9-12.

2) fJJ. BbpXy He51 6. ¢HJJ0Bb, Jahrb. des deutschen

archa!ol. lnstit. XXV, 1910, f\nzeiger 396 en. H Vl3s-tcTH51

Ha 6bnr. apxeon. npy)!{. II, 1911, 125-145.

MeceMspHSl-XHcapb-nepywHua 139

CTSJ.1e Ha Tosa 11 u;E.naTa u,bpt<sa J.1Ma no-netKHJ.151Tb crpaHHYeHb t<opa6b e 6J.1nb

oTpi:.3aHb np11 Cbrpa>t<AaHeTo Ha t<p-bnocTHaTa cri:.Ha Sb VI si:.t<b. 1) f\ncHAaTa, K051TO OTSbHb J.1Ma

TpY!CTpaHHa cj:>opMa, e 6e3b CTpaHJ.1YHJ.1 OTAi:.neHI-151, Ha Mi:.CTOTO Ha KOt-ITO Sb J.13TOYHaTa CTi:.Ha Ci'i'\ Ce

HaMHpanJ.1 ASi:. spaTJ.1.

Cbsci:.Mb npyrh xapat<Tepb J.1Ma TbH HapeYeHaTa ,~epseHa yept<sa" npl-1 nepyw,Hu,a, OTb

t<OsrTO Ci'i'\W,O TSbpAi:. ManKo e 3ana3eHO HaAb 3eM51Ta (rn. o6p. 131-133). Ta311 U,bpt<sa, t<at<TO J.1

Cs. Co¢11sr, e cbrpaAeHa J.13KntoYJ.1TenHo OTb roni:.MJ.1 TyxnJ.1. Hei1HJ.151Tb nnaHb e CHJ.1MaHb seYe ASa

ni'i'.TJ.1, OTb cj:>paHU,Y3J.1Ha nopaHb2) J.1 OTb pyCJ.1Ha WMJ.1Tb, ") o6aYe J.1 AOCera, SJ.1AJ.1 ce nopaAJ.1 Hero

saTa HenbnHOTa, ow,e He e o6HapOASaHb· ETo t<at<b WMJ.1Tb ~) on11csa u,bpt<saTa : , 4epseHa Yept<sa

06p. 134. - 6a3HJJHKaTa Cs. VfJJHSl npH nHpnonb, OTb tOr0·3ananb.

eCTb 3AaHie u,eHTpanbHot<ynonbHOe; t<b YeTbrpeMb nOAt<ynonbHblMb apt<aMb npHcnoHeHbi Cb ci:.sepa,

tora J.1 3anaAa HenocpeACTSeHHO nonyt<ynona, Cb SOCTOKa Kb apt<i:. npY!MbiKaeTb t<Op060BblH CBOAb, 3a

KaHYJ.1SatoW,iHC51 anG1AOIO. Tat<osa cpeAH5151 YaCTb Yept<SJ.1. 0 0 rnaSHblH t<ynonb nposanHncsr, SCSI IO>t<Hasr

YaCTb 3AaHi51 - t<yYa Mycopa, sci; STOpOCTeneHHbl51 YaCTJ.1, see TO, YTO Ot<pymano rnaSHblH Hecj:>b,

J.1CYe3no". BeYe OTb Tosa t<paTKO onHcaHHe ce BJ.1»<Aa, Ye no csosr nnaHb ~epseHaTa yept<sa He

MO»<e Aa ce cpasHJ.1 Cb Cs. Co¢11sr. 06aye 11 Sb ASaTa cnyYa51 HaMHpaMe Ci'i'\W,J.151 HaYJ.1Hb Ha rpa

Ae»<b, KOHTO pi:.3KO ce OTnJ.1YaSa OTb Cpi:.AHO J.1 KbCHOBJ.13aHTJ.1HCKJ.151 Cb peAOSe OTb TyXnJ.1 J.1 Ai:.naHJ.1

t<aMbHJ.1, t<at<TO YeCTo ro HaMHpaMe y Hacb, oco6Ho sb MeceMBpl-151 . 0THOCJ.1TenHo AaTaTa Ha ~ep

seHaTa Yept<sa e J.13Ka3aHo seYe npi:.Anono»<eHHe, Ye T51 npHHanne»<J.1 Ha VII CToni:.THe ") - Hi:.w,o,

1) naKb TaMb CTp. 126 CJJ. ~) rn. Bull . de corresp. hellen ique XXII, 1898, 561. :I) rn. }f{ypH. MHHHCT. HapOllH. npOCBi:.WeHiSl, H. C.

XXXIV, 1911, om. 4 CTp. 28.

~) UHT. M., CTp. 28 CJJ. :,) laUrent, Bb OT'leTa Ha tjJpeHCKaTa W KOJJa Bb

fhHHa, Bull . de corresp. hellenique XXII, 1898. 561.

140 F\pxHTeKTyp HO-HCTOpH Y eCI<!-1T-& n po6neMH

I<OeTo 113rnem.n.a TBbp,n,-5 s-Bpo51THO. Cni>,n,osaTenHo 11 TYIHI1e 11 roni>MaTa 6a311n111<a Cs. V!n1151 np11 n11p,n,onb,

3a '-111eTo 113YLJBaHe 3a manoeTb ei'i\.Ll.I,O Oll.l,e 1-:111Ll.I,O He e HanpaBeHo. CaMo ManKa LJaeTb OTb u,bpi<BaTa

eTbp'-111 Oll.l,e HaAb 3eM51Ta (o6p. 134 11 135). 5e3b pa3I<OnKI1 Hi>Ma ,n,a 6i'i\.,n,e Bb3MOH<HO ,n,a ee

yCTaHOBI1 Hei1HI151Tb TO'-IeHb nnaHb. T51 e ebrpa,n,eHa eaMo OTb Tyxnl1 eb ,n,e6enb nnaeTb xopoeaHb no

Mem,n,y 11Mb, KaKTO 4epseHaTa '-lepi<Ba 11 Cs. Cocp1151. Hai1-noeni> oCTasa ,n,a enoMeHeMb U,bpi<BaTa

Bb eeno Kn11ee-KbOi1, n11p,n,one1<0, OTb 1<051TO ei'i\. 3ana3eH11 eaMO OeHOBI1Ti>, HO Oll.l,e He ei'i\. pa3I<OnaHI1.

Tosa, KoeTo Bb HaWI151 cny'-lai1 11 np11,n,asa oeo6Ho 3HaLJeH11e, e o6eT051TeneTBOTO, LJe Ta311

u,bpi<sa, KaKTO 113rnem,n,a, e 611na noCTpoeHa ei'i\.Ll.I,O Bb cpopMaTa Ha naTI1HeKI1 KpbeTb eb y,n,bnH<eHI1e

Ha anei1,D,HOTO npoCTpaHeTB0.1) f\1<0 TOBa Hi>Ll.I,O Hal1eTI1Ha ee nOTBbp,D,11 np11 pa3I<Oni<I1Ti>, 1<011TO Ha-

06p. 135. - 6a311JIHI<aTa Cs. J..1JJI151 npH nHpnonb, OTb c-tsepo-3ananb.

ei<opo Ll.l,e ee npi>.n.np11eMaTb, Hl1e se,n,Hara 61-1xMe ,n,o611n11 e,n,Ha 113BbHpe,n,Ho samHa napanena KbMb

naTI1HeK1151 KpbeTb Ha Cs. Cocp1151 113b Hai1-6n113KaTa OKOnHoeTb. 3aeera o6aLJe Ll.l,e 6i'i\.,n,e np116bp-

3aHo ,n,a ee npaB51Tb no-,n,ane'-IH11 3aKniOLJeH1151.

Cocp11i1e1<aTa Cs. Cocp1151, CTapaTa M11Tpononl151 Bb MeeeMBp1151, X11eape1<aTa 6a311n111<a, 4ep

seHaTa '-lepKBa np11 nepyll.I,11LJ,a, 6a311ni1KaTa Cs Vlnl151 np11 n11p,D,Onb, U,bpKBaTa np11 Kn11ee-l<bOi1 -

Bel1'-11<0 TaBa Oi\. noCTpOi11<11, 1<011TO, Bbnp-51<11 pa3ni1'-11151Ta Bb nnaHOBeT-5, 11MaTb TBbp,D,-5 MHOrO 06Ll.I,O

noMem,n,y e11 611no Bb Ha'-111Ha Ha rpa,n,ema, 611no Bb .n.pym ,n,eTai1nl1. T-5311 naMeTHI1LJ,I1, 3ae,n,Ho Cb

Hi>I<OI1 ,n,pyrl1, Bbpxy 1<011TO TYIMa 3all.I,O ,n,a ee Cn11paMb - KaTO pOTOH,D,aTa Cs. reopr11 Bb

1) T-&311 cs-tn-tHH51, Kai<TO 11 Bb3npOH3seneHHT-t

TYI<b ¢oTOrpacjmH, llbJI}f{a Ha r-Ha n. MyTa<jJYHeBa, Koiho

JIHYHO 6-£, nOC-tTHJJb M-&CTOTO, n-&10 ce HaMHpaTb pa3Ba

Jli1H111-t Ha Ubpi<BaTa.

141

Co¢1-151, roll-EMaTa U,bpKBa np1-1 6-EllOBO - noKa3BaTb, 4e u,bp!<OBHaTa apxHTeKTypa y Hacb np"t3b

CTapOXp1-1CTI-1SIHCI<aTa 1-1 paHHOBJ.13aHTJ.1~1cl<aTa enOXI-1 e 6Hlla CJ.illHO pa3BI-1Ta 1-1 ce e OTlll14aBalla Cb

roll-EMo pa3Hoo6pa3He Ha ¢opM11T-E. KaKbBb e 6Hllb o6w,HSITb xapaKTepb Ha Ta311 apxHTeKTypa,

nOAb Kai<BI-1 Blli-1SIHI-1SI ce e TSI pa3BJ.1Balla, yen-Ella lll1 e Bb06w,e Aa Cb3AaAe H"tw,o Op1-1ri1HallHO, 1-illl-1

Cl-1 e CllYH<Hlla CaMO Cb 3aem <tJopM11, Kai<BI-1 C.'K 611lll-1 HeHHHn OTHOWeHI1SI cnp"tMO Malla-f\3!-151 1-1

Bl-13aHTI-151 OTb eAHa CTpaHa, 1-1 3anaAb OTb Apyra - Ha T"t31-1 BbnpOCI-1 w,e MO>t<e Aa ce OTfOBOpl-1

CaMO Cll"tAb 06CTOHHO npoy4BaHe Ha CbOTB-ETHHT-t naMeTHI1U,I1. ToBa o6a4e, I<OeTO HJ.ie Cb yKa3Ba

HeTO Ha nxb mellaexMe Aa H3TbKHeMb, e ¢ai<TbTb, 4e CB. Co¢1-151 He e 3a Bp-EMeTo c1-1 eAHa 1130-

ll11paHa y HaCb nOCTpOHI<a, HO 4e TSI HanpOTI1Bb np"tACTaB51 CaMO eA11Hb TBbpA"i; Ba>t<eHb MOMeHTb

OTb pa3BI-1TI1eTO Ha CTapoXp11CTI-1SIHCI<aTa U,bp!<OBHa apXHTeKTypa Bb 6bllrap1-151, A"tTO naMeTHI11.1,11 OTb

nOAo6eHb xapaKTepb He C.'K p-EAKOCTb. Cll-EAOBaTellHO Ha ll11u,e CJK BCI141<!;1 ycllOBI1SI, 3a Aa AOnycHeMb,

4e TOBa, KOeTo Bb CB. Co¢1151 e HaH-op11ri1HallHO, a HMeHHO ¢opMaTa Ha llaTHHCI<I1 KpbCTb, e Memo

Aa 6JKAe Cb3AaAeHO Ha M-ECTHa n04Ba, np11 Cb4eTaHI1eTO Ha M"tCTHI1 11 op11eHTallCI<I-1 TpaA11L1,1111.

VI Hai1CTI1Ha, KaKTO 11 Apyrb nJKTb CbMb HMallb clly4aH Aa H3Tbi<Ha, 1) 6bllrap11SI Be4e no

CBOeTO reorpa¢114eCI<O nOllO>t<eHI1e e 6Hlla np"tAHa3Ha4eHa Aa 11rpae pOllSITa Ha nocp-EAHI-ilt<AY

VI3TOIt<AY MallOa311SITCI<O-xelleHI1CTI14eCKaTa KYllTypa 11 113KYCTBO OTb eAHa CTpaHa, 11

3anaAHOp11MCI<OTO OTb Apyra. Ta311 pOllS! Ha nocp-EAH11l<b 6bnrap1151 e 11Malla 1-1 no OTHOWeHI1e Ha

apX11TeKTypaTa. np11 Hl-ii<OH npyrb naMeTHJ.il<b TOBa H"tW,O He 113n.'KI<Ba TaKa A06p1;, Kai<TO np11 CO<tJHH

CI<aTa CB. Co¢11S1. Cb3AaAeHa 6e3cnopHo nOAb Blli151HI1eTo Ha Malloa31151TCK11 CTp011TellHI1 TpaAI1LJ,I1H,

HO Cb TBbpA"i; Cl1lleHb M-tCTeHb I<Oll0p11Tb, Ta311 U,bp!<Ba CbAbp>t<a Bb ce6e Cl1 Be4e elleMeHm -

<tJopMaTa Ha llaTHHCI<I-1 !<pbCTb, 3a4aTbl.l,l1 Ha I<BaApaTeHb CXeMaTI13bMb - 1<01-iTO BHaCSITb H"tw,o HOBO

Bb pa3BI1TI1eTO Ha TOraBaWHaTa U,bp!<OBHa apXHTeKTypa 11 1<011TO TenbpBa, MHOrO nO-I<bCHO, HaM11paTb

np11eMb 11 w11po1<o pa3npoCTpaHeHI1e 11 ycbBbpweHCTByBaHe Bb 3anaAHaTa poMaHcKa apX11TeKTypa.

ETc 3awo, KoraTo ce pa3rlle>t<Aa BbnpOCbTb 3a np01-13XO>t<AeHI1eTo Ha poMaHCI<I151 CTI1llb, u,bpKBaTa

CB. Co¢1151 w.e Tp-E6Ba Aa ce 11Ma np-EAb B11Ab Ha nbpBo M-EcTO, noHe>t<e T51 CbAbp>t<a Bb np11MI1T11-

BeHb BI1Ab BCI-141<11 HerOBI1 OC06HOCTI1 11 ce 51BSIBa KaTO eAHa OTb HaH-Ba>t<H11T"t - aKO He Aa>t<e 1-1

HaH-Ba>t<HaTa - OTb BCI141<11 U,bp1<BI1 np"tAWeCTBeH11U,11 Ha T0311 CTI1llb.

H11w,o no-eCTeCTBeHo OTb TOBa, 4e HHe HaM11paMe eAHa np"tXOAHa u,bpKOBHa ¢opMa, 3a

KaKBaTo, cnopeAb BCI-141<0 Ka3aHo AOTyKa, 11MaMe npaBo na cM-ETaMe CB. Co¢1-1S1, Bb eAHa CTpaHa,

KOSITO, KaKTO cnoMeHaxMe, Be4e no CBOeTo reorpa¢114eC1<0 nono>t<eH11e ce SIBSIBa KaTe np-EAonp-EA-t

lleHa Aa 11rpae pOllSITa Ha nocp-EAH11U,a Me>t<ny VI3TOI<b 11 3anaAb. np11 Bee TOBa cnpaBeAll11BO e Aa

Cl1 3aAaAeMb Bbnpoca, Kal<b Aa Cl1 06SICHI1Mb 06CTOSITellCTBOTO, 4e Ta31-1 <tJopMa, Ma!<apb 1-1 Bb3HI11<

Halla Ha M-ECTHa no4Ba, Hf! e Morna Aa HaM-EpH pa3npoCTpaHeHI1e Ha 6allKaHCI<I1SI nollyoCTpOBb 11

TYKb KaTe 4e lll1 H34e3Ba ow.e Bb caMHSI c11 3apOA11Wb, KoraTo HanpoTHBb Ha 3anaAb A0611Ba ro

ll"tMo 3Ha4eHHe? CaMI151Tb T0311 ¢ai<Tb He e lll-1 AOCTaTb4eHb, 3a Aa Hl1 pa3KOlle6ae Bb M-ECTHOTO

np0113XO>t<AeHHe Ha a px11TeKTOHCKaTa ¢opMa Ha CB. Co¢1151?

CTpyBa Ml1 ce, 4e Cll"tAb BCI14l<O Ka3aHo AOTyKa, Ha T031-1 BbnpOCb He e TPYAHO Aa ce OT

roBop11. H11e B11A-ExMe, 4e CB. Co¢1151 H-EMa n04TI1 H11WO o6w,o Cb C.'KW,11HCI<aTa Bl13aHTI1HCKa apx11-

TeKTypa. f\1<0 Cll"tAOBaTellHO Ta311 U,bp!<Ba AaT11pawe OTb Bp-tMeTO, I<OraTO Bl13aHTI-1HCI<aTa apX11TeKTypa

61; Be4e A06!-1lla 113l<lli0411TellHO rocnOACTBO Ha 6all!<aHCI<I1SI nOllYOCTpOBb 11 61; pa3npOCTpaHJ.1lla

CBOeTo Blli1SIHI1e AOPI1 BbHb OTb rpaH11u,11n 1-1 Ha VITalli1SI, TO Hl1e MJK4HO 611xMe MOrlll-1 Aa c11 np-EA

cTaBHMb, 4e eAHa co¢11i1cKa u,bpKBa 611 Morna Aa 113rlle>t<na AO TaKaBa CTeneHb pa3lli14Ha OTb

o6HKHOBeHI1SI Tl1nb Ha Bl13aHmHCKI1n UbpKB11. 06a4e CB. Co¢1151 np11HaAJ1e>t<11 Ha eAHO Bp-tMe, KO

raTo ,BI13aHTI1HCI<11SITb" CTI1llb He e 611llb owe OKOH4aTellHO o¢opMeHb. TbKMO TaKoBa eAHO BptMe,

Ka!<BOTO e 611ll0 WeCTOTO CTOll"tT11e, Ce SIBSIBa KaTO HaH-6llaronp11SITHO 3a nopa>t<AaHeTO Ha HOBI1 11Ae11

np11 pa3p"tweHHeTo Ha CTp011TeJ1H11T-E npo6lleMH. Co¢11HCKaTa CB. Co¢1151 n0411Ba Bb TOBa OTHoweHI1e

1) f\pxHBb Ha M-soro Ha Hap. npocst.weHHe II, 1910, 313.

142 f\pXHTeKTYPHO-HCTOpH 4eCKHrl; n po6neMH

Ha MallOa311SITCKI1 Tpani1UI111 C.¥-UJ,O TaKa, KaKTO 11 Hei1HaTa 3HaMeHI1Ta u.ap11rpanCKa enHOI1MeHHI1Ua:

nocTaTbYHO e caMo na cnoMeHeMb, Ye caMI1Ti> apx11TeKnt Ha Ta311 nocni>AHS!Ta, f\HTeMI1 OTb Tpanecb

11 VIC11AOpb OTb M11neTb, c;r;. 6111111 ponOMb OTb Mana-f\31151. Bbnpi>KI1 Toaa np11 Ti>311 nai> UbpKal1

Hl1e HaM11paMe nai> np11HU.I1n11allHO pa3ll11YHI1 pa3pi>WeHI1SI Ha CXOAH11 no C.¥-WHOCTbTa Cl1 npo611eM11.

np11 u.ap11rpa)JCKaTa Ca. Cocp1151 maaHOTO aHI1MaHI1e Ha apX11TeKTa e 611110 CbCpi>noTOYeHO ab Kynona,

Ha Koiho e naneHo nbpao Mi>cTo 11 pi>waaawe 3HaYeHI1e 3a ui>naTa crpana, acni>ncTal1e Ha KoeTo e

611na no611Ta Tat<a HapeYeHaTa ueHTpanHa noCTpOI1Ka , KOSITO e Tbl1 xapaKTepHa 3a no-paHHaTa al13aHTHI1-

cKa apX11TeKTypa. np11 COcp1111CKaTa Ca. Cocp11S1, HanpOTI1ab, aHI1MaHI1eTO Ha apxHTeKTa e 611110 HacoYeHo

KbMb HaAJlb>I<HHrl 113Mi>peHI1SI, KaTO ce e Abp>t<allO CMi>TKa 3a 6a311ll11K11Ti> OTb p11MCKO-XelleHI1CTI1-

YeCKI1SI THnb, KOHTO, KaKTO noKa3aa X11ca pcKaTa 6a3Hlli1Ka , He c;r;. 6111111 Yy»<nl1 3a IO>t<Ha 6bnrap11S1.

Bcni>ncTal1e Ha Toaa KynonbTb np11 cocp1111cKaTa Ca. Cocp11S1 no611aa CbBCi>Mb aTopoCTeneHHO 3HaYeHI1e.

Koe OTb TI1SI nai> pa3pi>weHI1SI Ha npo6neMaTa e no-cnonyY1111ao, He Hl1 11HTepecyaa ab cnyYaSI.

Ba>t<HO e caMo na ce 113TbKHe, Ye nbpaoTo OTb Ti>Xb, a 11MeHHO ueHTpanHaTa noCTpo11Ka, e OTroaa

pS!no noaeYe Ha Tpan11UI111Ti> Ha Op11eHTa , ni>To KynonbTb OTb Ha!1-CTapo api>Me e 11rpanb roni>Ma

ponS! ab apxHTeKTypaTa . ETo 3awo TOBa pa3pi>weHI1e, nonynS!p11311paHo Ypi>3b oc;r;. wecTaSIBaHeTo MY

no Ha!1-6ni>cKaBb HaYI1Hb ab enHa TaKaaa aell11YeCTaeHa noCTpo11Ka, KaKBaTo e uap11rpancKaTa Ca.

Cocp11S1, e oCTaHano rocnonCTByBall.le ab al13aHTI111cKaTa apxHTeKTypa. Heo611KHoaeHo 6bp3oTo 11 MOWHO

pa3B11TI1e Ha Ta3H nocni>AHS!Ta e 3anyw11no Bb Op11eHTa owe Bb caMHSI 11Mb 3apOA11Wb aci1YKH caMo

CTOSITellHH npOS!al1 Ha npyr11 apXHTeKTOHCKI-1 cpOpMH. no Ta311 npHYHHa 11 cpopMaTa Ha COcp11i1CKaTa

Ca. Cocp11S1 He e Morna na ce 3aLl.bp>t<H nO-Abll:o Bpi>Me Bb Henocpi>ncTBeHo cbci>ncTBO Cb BH3aH

TH11cKaTa apxHTeKTypa , 3a na nonyYH caoeTo nbllHO ycbabpweHcTayBaHe. Toaa nocni>nHOTO e Morna

na CTaHe CaMO Ha 3ananb, Ai>TO HMeHHO HaAllb>t<HI1Ti> 113Mi>peHHSI, nOAb BJ111SIHI1eTO Ha CTapOXp11CTI1-

SIHCKaTa p11MCKa 6a311ll11Ka, C.¥. 11rpa1111 C.¥-WO TaKaaa pi>WHTellHa pOllS! ab pa3a11TI1eTO Ha U.bpKoaHHSI

nnaHb, KaKBaTo e 11rpa11b ab Op11eHTa KynollbTb. Cni>noaaTellHO 11 Bb en11HI1SI 11 ab npyr11S1 cnyYal1

3a yCTaHOBSiaaHe Ha TpaA11U110HHaTa UbpKOaHa cpOpMa C.¥. C.¥.Ai>i1CTByaaJ111 Bb 3HaYHTeJ1Ha CTeneHb

Mi>CTHHTi> YCllOBI1SI. nonb Bll11SIHI1eTO Ha Ti>311 nOClli>AHHTi> Bb UbpKOaHHTi> cpopMH, abnpi>KI1 06UJ,HSI

np0113XOAb, C.¥. Ce yCTaHOBI-11111 OUJ,e TBbpAi> paHO np11HU11nl1allHI1 pa3Jli1'-111SI , KOI1TO Cb TeYeHHe Ha

Bpi>MeTO ace noaeye 11 noBeYe C.¥. ce pa3BHaaJ111 Bb CMHCDJlb Ha OTAalleYeHHe OTb nbpaOHaYallHHSI

npOTOTHnb. f<OllKOTO no-nalle'-lb OTHaaMe KbMb HaYaJlOTO Ha Xp11CTI1SIHCKaTa enoxa, TOJ1K03b Ti>311 pa3-

lli1Y11SI Me»<ny VI3TOKb 11 3ananb CTaaaTb no-He3HaYI1TellHI1 . Cocp11HCKaTa CB. Cocp11S1 np11HaAJ1e>t<l1

HMeHHO Ha enoxaTa, KOraTO Me>t<ny 113TOYHaTa 11 3ananHaTa U.bpKOBHI-1 apX11TeKTYPI1 OUJ,e He e Ce

o6pa3yaanb Abll60Kb nponoMb. ETa 3aw,o Ta3H UbpKaa CbAbp>t<a ab ce6e c11 eneMeHTHTi> 11 Ha

nai>Ti> TeYeHHSI : KynOllbTb 11 HaAJlb>t<HHTi> H3Mi>peHHSI. Ho TbKMO ab Ta3H Hei1Ha ABOI1HcTaeHOCTb 11

Kone6nl1aOCTb, ab Toaa Hei1Ho nocpi>AHHYeCTao Me»<nY VI3TOKb 11 3ananb, ce Kp11S!Tb 11 np11YI1HI1Ti>

3a HeyCTOi1YHBOCTbTa Ha He!1HaTa apXHTeKTOHCKa cpOpMa. 0Tb enHa CTpaHa ab IO>t<Ha 6bnrap11S1 He e

HMallO ycnOaHSI, UJ,OTO Ta311 cpOpMa, KaTO pa3aHe OUJ,e nOBeYe CaOHTi> HaAJlb>I<HI-1 113Mi>peHHSI, na

AOCTHrHe T0311 B11Ab, KOi1TO nO-KbCHO ce Cb3AaBa Bb 3ananHaTa pOMaHCKa apX11TeKTypa; OTb npyra

CTpaHa anHSIHHeTo Ha Olli13KaTa BH3aHTHSI e 611110 TaKa Cl1llHO, ni>To To He e Morna na He nonyYH OTb

T0311 MOMeHTb HaTaTbKb pi>waew,e 3HaYeHHe abpxy pa3BI1T11eTO Ha UbpKOaHaTa apXHTeKTypa y HaCb.

no TaKbab HaYHHb, KaTO 3aabpWBaMe cpaaHeHI1eTO Ha COcp1111CKaTa Ca. Cocp11S1 KaKTO Cb

MaJlOa311SITCKaTa 11 aH3aHTI1i1CKaTa, TaKa 11 Cb poMaHCKaTa U.bpKOaHa apXHTeKTypa, HHe Tpi>6aa na

113TbKHeMb npi>XOAHHSI xapaKTepb Ha Ta311 noCTpOHKa, KOi1TO HaM11pa CaoeTO 06SICHeHI1e Hai1-no6pi>

np11 npi>nnOJlO>t<eHI1eTO, Ye UbpKaaTa Hai1CTI1Ha naTHpa OLL,e OTb WeCTOTO CTOJli>THe, KaKTO no-ropi>

ce onHTaxMe na noKa>t<eMb.

06p. 136. - Cs. Co¢HSI cnopeub euHa ¢oTOrpa¢HSI orb 1892 rou.

r n F\ B f1 VI

VlcTOp¥151 Ha UbpKBaTa Cs. Cocp¥151 KpaHHaTa u.t.nb Ha set.t<o 113ent.AsaHe Sbpxy eAI1Hb 3HaYI1TeneHb apX11Tet<TypeHb naMeTHI1t<b,

I<OHTO e e;y:.w,eCTsysanb Bb npOAbn»<eHI1e Ha CTOni:.TI151 11 e npi:.Tbpni:.nb npi:.3b TOSa spt.Me MHOr0-

6pOHHI1 npoMi:.HI1, e see nat<b 11eTop1151Ta Ha eaMaTa noCTpOHt<a 11n11, eb APYrH AYMI1, xpoHonori1Yee

t<OTO ¢111<e11paHe Ha Ti:.311 npoMi:.HI1.

3a Aa MOraTb Tt311 npoMi:.HI1 Aa ee yCTaHOS51Tb, He06XOA11MO e Aa ee 113ni:.3e OTb nOAp06·

HaTa aHan113a Ha noCTpOHt<aTa, t<051TO Sb HaWI151 enyYaH Hl1e Hanpasl1xMe ow,e Sb nbpBaTa rnasa

Ha HaeT051W,aTa I<HI1ra, t<aTO Onpt.Ai:.ni1XMe rJlaBHI1Tt neTb CTp011TeflHI1 nep110Aa Bb 11eTOp1151Ta Ha

u,bpt<BaTa (CTp. 22 en.). HapeAb eb TOBa, t<aTo TBbpAt sa»<HI1 113TOYH11U.11 3a 11eTOp1151Ta Ha Cs. Co¢1151,

MOraTb Aa Hl1 nocny»<aTb 11 Bel141<11 OHi:.3H nptAMeTI1, 1<011TO e;y:. 0Tt<p11TH Bb eaMaTa U,bpt<Ba 11n11

HeHHaTa Henoept.AeTseHa Ot<OnHOeTb. HaH-noent. Tpt.6sa Aa ee s3eMaTb npi:.Ab B11Ab 11 n11eMeH11Tt.

est.At.HH51 3a U.bpt<BaTa, 3ana3eHI1 y CTap11Tt. n;y:.TeweCTseHI1U,I1. Kont<oTo Ti:.3H est.At.HI151 Aa e;y:. t<paTt<l1

11 nospbXHOeTHI1, TE see nat<b 11MaTb 113SbHpeAHO roni:.MO 3HaYeHI1e 3a Haeb, nOHe»<e Ti:. Sb MHOrO

OTHOWeHI151 nOnbnBaTb H n051eH51SaTb 3at<ntOYeHH51Ta, 1<011TO MOraTb Aa ee HanpaB51Tb Bb3b OeHOSa

eaMo Ha apxeonori1Yeet<H51 MaTep11anb. KaTO ee 11MaTb npt.Ab SI1Ab Ti:.3H TPH B11Aa 113TOYHI1U.H -

eaMaTa erpaAa, OTKp11TI1Ti:. npi:.AMeTI1 H nHeMeHI1Ti:. esi:.A-5HI151 - MO»<e Aa ee t<a»<e, Ye HeTOpH51Ta Ha

Cs. Co¢1151 w,e 6;y:.Ae AO 113st.eTHa CTeneHb eAHO o6o6w,eHI1e OTb 11eTop11Yeet<o rneA11we Ha ut.nH51

MaTep11anb, 113nO»<eHb Bb nbpB11Ti:. YeT11p11 rnas11 Ha HaCTO!iiW,aTa I<HHra.

3a nbpBH51 nep110Ab OTb 11eTOp1151Ta Ha Cs. Co¢1151, AO o6pbw,aHeTo Ha U.bpt<saTa Bb A»<a

MI151, I<OHTO nep110Ab MO»<eMb Aa HapeYeMb Xp11eTH51Hei<H, Hi:.MaMe Hl1t<at<SI1 Apyrl1 H3TOYHHU,11, OeB-BHb

apxeonori1Yeet<l151 MaTep11anb. Bb 3aMt.Ha Ha TOBa MHoro pa60TI1 ee o651eH51SaTb Ypi:.3b eb6HTI151Ta

OTb o6w,aTa HeTOp1151 Ha rpaAa Co¢H51, t<bMb t<OHTO, no Ta311 np11411Ha, yeeTo we Tpt.6sa Aa np11-

6t.rsaMe. nl1eMeHI1Ti; eBi;Ai:.HI1SI Ha n;y:.TeweeTBeHI1l.l,I1Ti:. ee OTHae51Tb Se11YI<11 AO Typet<l151 nepHOAb,

t<oraTo Cs. Co¢1151 seYe He e eny»<Hna 3a U,bpt<sa. BentAeTsl1e Ha Tosa T0311 nepHOAb Hl1 e H3st.e

TeHb eb MH0rO no-roni:.MH nOAp06HOeTI1 3a U,bpt<BaTa, OTI<Oni<OTO nbpB1151Tb.

/

144 Hcrop1151 Ha ubpKsara Cs. Co¢1151

1. Cs. CocpY151 no o6pbwaHero t1 Bb n»<.aMY!51

YlcropY151Ta Ha Cs. CocpY151 3anoysa MHoro no-paHo orb CbrpaH<)J,aHero Ha cerawHara no

crpoi1Ka. Hai1-KbCHO Bb spi:;Mero Ha KoHcraHrYIHa BenYIKYI (312- 337 ro)J,.) Ha Mi:;croro Ha Cs. Coqm51

e 61-1na Cbrpa)J,eHa ManKara Ll,bpKBYILJ,a Cb )J,OnHYI51 M03aYI4eHb nOAb (crp. 54 en.), K051TO e cnyH<Hna

KaTO LI,YIMYITepY!anHa Ll,bpi<Ba 3a MHOro6pOHHYiri:; CrapoXpY1CrYI51HCI<YI rpo6HYILI,YI, rJKCTO rpynYipaHYI OI<OnO

He51. no rosa spi:;Me (oqm51 e 3aeMana TBbp)J,i:; BYILIHO Mi:;cro MeH<AY rpa)J,OBeri:; Ha 5anKaHCI<YI51 no

nyocrpOBb. KoHcraHTYIHb BenYIKYI, npi:;AYI )J,a ce ycraHOBYI Ha UapY!rpa)J,b, e YIManb cepY103HO HaM-1:;

peHY!e )J,a npi:;Hece CB051ra cronYILJ,a Bb Coqm51, K051TO e)J,YIHb OTb CbBpi:;MeHYiri:; nHcarenYI, f\MYiaHb

MapLJ,enYIHb, HapY14a ,roni:;Mb Yl xy6asb rpaAb".1) XpY1CrYI51HCTBoro e )J,06Y!no ryKa WYipOKO pa3npo

crpaHeHYie 1-1 CocpY151 e craHana ci:;)J,anHw,e Ha enYICKoncrso. K'EIKBa roni:;Ma pon51 e Ylrpanb rpaAbTb

Bb nbpBY!ri:; spi:;MeHa Ha xpY1CrYI51HCTBOTO, ce BYIH<)J,a Hai1-Ao6pi:; orb o6cro51rencrsoro, Ye ryKb e

6Yinb CBYIKaHb npi:;3b 343/4 ro)J,. sceneHCKYI51Tb Ll,bpKoBeHb Cb60p1:-, HapeYeHb cnopeAb rorasawHoro

YIMe Ha rpa)J,a Cap)J,YIKYIHCKYI.~)

To3YI cb60pb Hi:;Ma Ha sci:;KYI cnyyai::f HYIW,O o6w,o Cb Hawara Ll,bpKBa. ,lJ,oKonKoro ce 3Hae

noHe no npi:;AaHYie, roi1 ce e CbCT051nb )J,aH<e He Bb caMYI51 rpa)J,b, HO Bb e)J,Ha roni:;Ma Ll,bpKBa YI3-

BbHb rpa)J,a, pa3BanYIHYiri:; Ha K051TO CJK ce BYIH<)J,anYI YaKb )J,O XVII si:;Kb. CnopeAb panopra Ha co

cpY1i1CKYI51 KaTOnYIYeCKYI enYICKOnb 5or)J,aHb 5aKWYIYb OTb 1640 fO)J,YIHa Ta3YI Ll,bp!<Ba Ce HaMY!pana

6n1-130 )J,O CocpY151 Ha e)J,HO BYICOKO Yl xy6aso Mi:;cro, Koero ce HapY!Yano TpHa)J,YILJ,a. B) Bb Apyrb e)J,YIHb panoprb Ha Cfi"-W,Y151 enYICKOnb orb 1653 ro)J,. HaMYipaMe no·onpi:;Ai:;neHYI

csi:;)J,i:;HYI51 3a Mi:;crononoH<eHY!ero Ha Ll,bpKBara. , TpaAYILJ,a e Mi:;croro, )J,i:;ro ce HaMHpanb era pb MOHa

crYipb YI3BbHb CocpY151, Ha !Orb, Bb no)J,HOH<Yiero Ha e)J,YIHb XbnMb, HapY14aHb orb rypLJ,Yiri:; ToKMaKnYI51;

(MoHacrYipbrb) cera e pa3pyweHb. Ka3BaTb, Ye ce HapY14anb OTb rbpLI,Yiri:; TpY!a)J,a; si:;psaMb, Ye

ro3YI MOHacrYipb e 61-1nb Ha Cs. TpoY!LJ,a. Pa3npas51rb ow,e, Ye 3a no-roni:;Mo YA06crso Yl nopaAYI

xy6aBYI51 Bb3AYXb Ha rosa Mi:;cro ce CbCT051nb Ca PAYIKYii1CKYI51rb Cb60pb." ~)

Karo ce B3eMe npi:;Ab BYI)J,b, ye TpY!a)J,YILJ,a ce e HapY14ana y BYI3aHTYIHCKYITi:; nYicarenYI CaMara

CocpY151, '') ro 51BHO e, Ye rosa Ha3BaHYie, cni:;)J,b Karo e npi:;craHano )J,a ce ynorpi:;651Ba 3a rpa)J,a, e

61-1no npi:;HeceHo Bbpxy PYYIHYiri:; Ha BbnpocHara Ll,bpKBa-MoHaCTYipb, Cfi"-W,YIHCKOTO Y!Me Ha K051ro He

e 61-1no seye YI3Bi:;crHo. Orb ryKb e npoY13ni:;3no 3a6nyH<AeHYiero Ha Hi:;KOYI nHcarenYI, Ye crapara

Cep)J,Y!Ka He ce HaMY!pana Ha Mi:;croro Ha )J,HewHa CocpY151, HO npYI pa3sanYIHYiri:; Ha Ll,bpKBara.

Hi:;KoYI nfl"-rewecrseHYILI,YI, KOYiro Cfl"- MYIHanYI KbMb cpi:;)J,ara Ha XVII si:;Kb npi:;3b CocpY151, Cfl"-lllO

Cfl"- BYI)J,i:;nYI pa3sanYIHYiri:; Ha ra3YI Ll,bpKBa, 3a K051TO ce rosopi:;no, ye 61-1na Cbrpa)J,eHa npi:;)J,YI 1400

ro)J,YIHYI, r. e. ow,e KbMb 250 ro)J,. en. Xp. n) Cnope)J,b nfl"-rewecrseHYIKa TacpepHepb, Koi1ro MYIHanb

npi:;3b CocpY151 npi:;3b 10n1-1 1665 ro)J,., pa3sanYIHYin Ha UbpKsara ce HaMY!panYI 6nY!30 AO rpa)J,a HYIKO-

') fn. J ire c e k, Die Heerstrasse von Bel grad nach Konstantinopel. crp. 26 en.; Ka ua p o B b, np11HOCb hbMb crapara 11crop1151 Ha Co¢1151, crp. 1 en.

2) f-Hb H. M11neBb 11Ma mo6e3HOCTbTa na Ml1 Cbo6LU11 cni;nH51Ta n11reparypa Bbpxy capn11K11ikK1151 Cb6opb, K051TO MY e 611na nocoYeHa OTb npo¢. K. HpeYeKb Bb B11eHa: H efe I e, Controversen iiber die Synode in Sardica, Tubing. theolog. Quartalschrift 1852, 360 en.; Cl!'i.LU1151Tb, Conciliengeschichte, 2-po 113U. I, 1873, 533 en.; Batiffol, Byzant. Zeitschr. VII, 1898, 273; Friedrich, Sitz.-Berichte der Flkad. Miinchen 1902,383 en. 11 1903 Ill; Cn a c K i 11, Bonpocb o nonni1HHOCTI1 npaBI1JJb Capn11Kii1-CKaro co6opa, Bb 6orocnoBcKii1 si;cTHI1Kb 1902. Cp. ocsi;Hb rosa B11JaHT. speMeHHI1Kb IX, 1902, 555 en.; Journal of theological studies 1902, Ja Mi;ceub anp11nb; Byzant. Zeitschr. XIII, 1904, 279 11 XIV, 1905, 706.

::) Fleta Bulgariae ecclesiastica, ed. Fermendziu, Zagrabiae 1887, crp. 74: Si vede vicino Ia citta [Co¢1151] una chiesa in un luogo eminente et bello: dove dicono d'essere stato concilio Sardicense; nella lingua Bulgara si chiama quel luogo Triadiza.

4) Fleta Bulg. eccles. crp. 228: E Ia Tradizza, vi e un luogo, dove e stato monasterio ab antiquis fuori di Soffia verso mezzo giorno alia radice di monte chiamato da Turchi Tokmaklia, adesso distrutto; et dicono che si chiamava da Greci Triada, credo fosse stato quel monastero della ss. trinita; anzi dicono, che per maggior commodita et bona aria in quel luogo si celebro il concilia Sardicense.

'') YlpeYeKb, nl!'i.ryBaHI151, crp. 9. 1;) John Bur bury, F\ relation of a journey of the

right Honourable My Lord Hen~y Howard from London

no-crap;nt, UbpKBH Ha M-&CTOTO Ha Cs. CocpH5! 145

nOJlb, .o,tTo ce CTV~rano no ni'KTS! OTb HV~Wb, npt.o,V~ .o,a ce .o,of;i.o,e .o,o CocpVIS!. 1) ,06aYe nOS!CHS!Ba

aBTOpbTb - He OH3VI Bb PoMbHVIS! Ha )J,yHasa, VI3BtcTeHb no ocTaTbll,V~Tt Ha TpaS!HOBVIS! MOCTb, a

llPYrb Bb 6bnrap11S! ... BbHb OTb rpa.o,a Ha ni1YHO MtCTo ce 3a6tnt3sa u,bpKOBHa crpa.o,a, yKpaceHa

no-paHo Cb pa3HVI p11cyH1<11. Typu,11Tt, npocpaHaTop11 Ha U,bpKOBHI1Tt crpa.o,V~, 3a .o,a He ocTaHe cno

MeHb 3a xpVICTI1S!HCKVITt cseTI111, o6bpHanl1 Bb pa1sanV1HVI u,bpKBaTa VI yKpaweHVIS!Ta H. Cnope.o,b

3ana3eHOTO OTb napo spi>Me npt.LlaHV~e, Ta3VI nocTpol'iKa e 6V~na Cbrpa.o,eHa npt.o,VI 1400 ro.o,V~HVI VI

BI1HarVI Ce e HaM11pana Ha OC06Ha nOYVITb y XpVICTVIS!HVITt". 2) 0Tb BCI141<VI T"fi311 CBt.o,tHI1S! Ce BVI>I<,D,a,

Ye u,bpKBaTa, Bb KOS!TO cnope.o,b npt.o,aHV~eTo ce e CbCTOS!Jlb Cap.o,11KV~f;icKI1S!Tb u,bpKOBeHb Cb60pb,

ce e HaMV~pana BbHb OTb Cocp11S!, ye TS! e 6~oma TBbp.o,t rontMa VI ye Hei1HV~Tt pa3sanV~HI1 Ci'K ce 3a6t

nt3sanl1 YaKb .o.o XVII stKb. K.aTo ce B3eMe npt.o,b BVI,D,b, Ye Ta3VI u,bpKBa e 6V~na e.o,Ha OTb Hai1-

CTap11Ti> 11 OTb Haf;i-3Ha4VITeJlHVITt Bb 6bnrap115l, TO Hef;iHOTO HaMHpaHe 4pi:.3b pa3l<Onl<l1, KOeTO

npVI no·BHI1MaTenHo TbpCeHe c11rypHo w,e ce y.o,a.o,e, OVI V~Mano rpaMa.o,Ho 3HaYeHV~e 3a V~3YYBaHeTo Ha

CTapOXpVICTVIS!HCI<aTa UbpKOBHa apX11TeKTypa y HaCb. no Ta311 np11411Ha ce cnptxMe no-no.o,po6HO Bbpxy

HeS! VI npVIBe,D,OXMe 3ana3eHVITt CBt.o,tHVIS!, Ha I<OHTO ,D,OCera He e 06bpHaTO HVII<ai<BO BHHMaH11e Bb

HaWaTa HayYHa Jli1TepaTypa.

K.aKTO BVI,D,i:.XMe BeYe no-ropt ( CTp. 58), L1,bp1<BI1LJ,aTa Cb ,D,OJlHVIS! M03al14eHb nO,D,b Ha Mt

CTOTO Ha Cs. Cocp1-1S! e 6Hna pa3pyweHa KbMb BTopaTa nonoBHHa Ha YeTBbpT11S! stKb, OTb KOeTo

sptMe 3anoysa 6onwi1HCTBOTO OTb HaMtpeHI1Tt Bb HacHna H MOHeTI1, OTb BaneHTHHVIaHa I (364-375 ro.o,.)

HaTaTbKb. TbKMO Bb TOBa sptMe ce na.o,aTb onycTOW11TenHI1Ti> noxo.o,11 Ha secTrOTV~Tt, KOI1TO HaHH·

caT~ nbpB11S! YYBCTBI1TeneHb y.o,apb Ha pHMCKOTO sna.o,I1YeCTBO Ha 6anKaHCKVIS! nonyocTpOBb 11 KOI1TO

Ci'K TpaS!Jll1 OTb 376-382 ro.o,. noHe>l<e Ti>3VI noxo.o,H Ci'K 3acerHaJlVI H CocpHS!,a) TO He MO>I<e .o,a VIMa

HI1KaKBO CbMHi:.HVIe, Ye pa3pyweHI1eTO Ha Ll,bpKBVILJ,aTa w,e Tpt6sa .o,a Ce np11n11we 11MeHHO Ha BeCT·

romTt. )J,o.o,tTO Ci'K TpaS!Jll1 pa3M11pH11Tt sptMeHa, He e MOrJlO .o,a Ce MVICJ111 3a Bb306HOBJleHI1eTO Ha

Ll,bpi<BVILJ,aTa. f\1<0 TS! e npO,D,bJl>l<aBaJla .o,a CJlY>I<VI 11 np"b3b TOBa BptMe, TO CVIrypHO e 611na CaMO

OTYaCTVI nonpaseHa 11 e CTOS!na noseYeTo KaTo pa3sanHHa. CaMo no T03VI HaYVIHb Mome .o.a ce o6S!CHI1

HaM11paHeTO Ha MOHeTVITt Bn HaCHna BbpXy no.o,a H. H Hai1CTI1Ha HHe BH.o,txMe ( op. 58), ye cbrpam.o,aHeTo Ha BTopaTa no-rontMa U.bpKBa Cb

rOpH11S! M03aVIYeHb nO,D,b Bbpxy pa3BaJli1HVITt Ha nbpBaTa e CTaHaJlO e.o,sa Bb HaYaJlOTO Ha neTVIS!

Bi:.Kb, He no-paHO OTb BDtMeTO Ha f\pKa,D,HS! (395-408 ro.o,.), I<OfaTO CJ'h HaCTJ'hni1JlH nO-MHpHVI Bp"fi

MeHa. Ta311 BTopa u,bpKBa e 6V~na stp05lTHO naKb U.HMHTepHanHa, o6aYe 11Mana e MHoro no-rontMH

pa3Mi>p11. H3stcTHO CbMHtHI-le Bbpxy U.HMI1TepHanHOTO H npt.o,Ha3HaYeHHe ce nopam.o,a caMo OTb

06CTOS!TeJlCTBOTO, Ye Mem.o,y OTKpHTHT"fi rp06HI1LJ,VI He Ce HaMV~paTb Tai<HBa, 1<011TO .o,a MOraTb .Lla ce

.o,aT11paTb Cb nOJlO>I<HTeJlHOCTb Bb V Bi:.Kb. npVI BCe TOBa MO>I<e MHOfO .0,06p"fi .o,a Ce I<OHCTaT11pa, 48

rp06HHL1,11T"fi, 1<011TO cera OTYaCTH OCTaBaTb nO,D,b no.o,a Ha Ll,bpKBaTa, He Ci'K 611J1V1 pa3pywaBaHH npVI

to Vienna and thence to Constantinople. London 1671, crp. 128 cn.: On the fifteenth [IOJJH 1664 rou.] we got to Sophia ... During our stay here. while a Courier was dispatched to Vienna , the Bishop of the place changing his Habit, waited on his Excellency , and shew'd us the Church, which was without the Town. which is said to have been built above fourteen hundred years. naca»<bTb e naneHb Bb np-&sonb H y P. CnasefiKOBb, EuHo crapo nli'.rynaHHe np-&3b 6bnrapH5! , nep. cnw:aHHe LX, 1899, 946.

1) Pa3Bai111HHT-t Ha T0 3H rpanb LUe rp-&6sa na ce TbpC5!Tb s-&po5!THO npH nHewHoro ceno Bbp6Hua.

~)Paulus Tafferne r, Caesarea legatio quam mandante /1ugustissimo Rom. lmperatore Leopolda I ad portam Ottomannicam suscepit perfecitque excellentissimus dominus, dominus Walterus S. R. I. comes de Leslie, Viennae 11ustriae 1672, crp. 41: 11nte Sophiam Nicopolis appulsos excepit; non ilia Romaniae ad Danubium frag-

mentis pontis Traian 1 celebris, sed altera haec Bulgariae ... Extra urbem in pro oatulo sacra aedes conspicitur olim picturis varie illustrata. Profanatores Sacrarum aedium Turcae, ne sanctorum Christiani nominis memoria superesse!, templum ruinis, et emblemmata vibicibu s compleverunt. Fama constans a traditionibus majorum refert, aedem hanc ante mille et quadringentos annos exstructam, frequentissima Christianorum pietate cultam semper fuisse. 0Tb nli'.rOnHca Ha TacpepHepb C!i'.LUecrsysa H euHo H-&McKo H31laHHe nonb HancnoBb Kaiserliche Botschafft an die ottomanische Pforte etc., Breszlau 1680; rn . VIs. W H w M a H o Bb, CrapH nli'.rysaHH5! np-&3b 6bnrapH5! , Bb C6opH . 3a Hap. yMors. IV, 1891, 465. Ocs-&Hb rosa Cli'.· LUH5!Tb nli'.ronHCb e naneHb Karo npHnomeHHe KbMb sropH5! TOMb Ha Ric aut, Histoire de l 'etat present de I' empire Ottoman , traduite de 1'11nglois par Briot, Cologne 1676, u-tro BbnpoCHH5!Tb UHTaTb ce HaMHpa Ha crp. 132·

::) J ire c e k, Die Heerstrasse, crp . 56.

19

146 HCTopHSt Ha ubpKBaTa Cs. Co<jJHII

CbrpamnaHero H, a Hanpon1Bb C.IK 6VInVI MHoro BHVIMarenHo 3ana3BaHH. Ha raKVIBa Mi>cra Hanp.,

ni>TO Hi>I<OH 3VInb Ha L.l,bpKBaTa e Tpi>6Bano na MVIHe Bbpxy nemaw,a Ha TOBa Mi>CTO rpo6HVIL.J,a, 3VInbTb

e npi>xBbpmtnb Ta3VI nocni>nH51Ta nocpi>nCTBOMb enHa apKa, 3a na ce Vl36"trHe ron"tMV151Tb HaTHCKb

BbpXy rp06HVIL.J,aTa (cp. CTp. 52). no C.IKUI,VIT-5 Cb06pa>t<eHVI51 e 6VInb 3aCVIneHb nocp"tnCTBOMb HOBa

apKa CBOnbTb Ha rpo6HVIL.J,ara IV, Bbpxy Koiho e MVIHaBanb nonbTb Ha U.bpKBara (rn. CTp. 73).

l:::hopara L.l,bpi<Ba C.IKWO He e MOrna na Ce 3anbp>!<V1 nbnro Bp"tMe. K.aKTO BVIn"tXMC:, HeHHVI51Tb

nOnb Bb BCVIYI<VIT-5 CVI 4aCTVI VIMa enH006pa3eHb xapaKTepb. 0Th TOBa MOH<e na Ce 3aKni04VI, Ye TOH

He e np"trbpn"tnb Tai<VIBa 4aCTVI4HVI nOnHOB51BaHVI51, Kai<BVITO I<OHCTaTVIpaxMe Hanp. Bb nOnHS!Ta M0-

3aVIKa (crp . 55 en.),"' KOVITO ce o651CH51BaTb caMo 4p"t3b nbnrosp-tMeHHOTO ynorp-t6eHVIe Ha nona. Ha

npOTVIBb, BCVI41<VI 4aCTVI Ha ropHV151 M03aVI4eHb nOnb, nOKOnKOTO C.IK 3ana3eHVI, V13rne»<naTb KaTO

HOBH, 6e3b na ce 3a6-tn"t3BaTb no r"txb na'~<e H ManKH nonpaBKVI Cb orn"tnHH KaMb4era. Cn-tno

sarenHo sropara L.J,bpKBa rp-t6sa na e 611na pa3pyweHa, np"tnH ow,e nonbTb na e 6Hnb 3axa6eHb

OTb nponbn»<HrenHo ynorp-t6eHHe. Orb npyra crpaHa HHe BVIn"txMe, ye Cs. CocpH51 e 611na Cbrpa

neHa np"t3b VI B"tl<b. BcHYKH r"t3H Cbo6pa»<eHV151 HH nose»<narb no 3aKnl04eHVIe, Ye sropara L.J,bpKBa

Cb ropHV151 M03aVI4eHb nonb rp-t6sa na e 6VIna pa3pyweHa ow,e np"t3b V s"tKb. VI HaHCTVIHa Bb HCTO

pH51Ta Ha CocpH51 orb rosa sp-tMe ce nana enHO cb6VITHe, Koero HVI no3son51Ba na cpHKCHpaMe Cb

roni;Ma T04HOCTb narara Ha TOBa pa3pyweHVIe, a HMeHHO nOXOnbTb Ha XYHHT-5 Bb 447 ron.

OnycroweHH51Ta, KOHTO xyHHT-t C.IK VI3BbpWV1nH Ha 6anKaHCKH51 nonyoCTpOBb, C.~K 6HnVI MHoro no

ron"tMVI VI no-KopeHHH, OTKOnKoro r"t3VI Ha r"txHHr-t np"tnwecrseHVIU.VI, secrrorHr-t. Me»<ny pa3pywe

HHT-t OTb r"txb rpanose ce cnoMeHaBa H3pH4HO VI CepnVIKa. Cnopenb CBHn"trenCTBOTO Ha npVICKa,

I<OHTO e 6Hnb CbBptMeHHHIMe Ha ra3H Karacrpocpa 3a rpana

e 611na pa3pyweHa 6e3b CbMH"tHHe H sropara U.bpKBa Cb ropHH51 M03aVI4eHb nonb, K051TO cn"tno

sarenHo rp-t6sa na e C.~Kw,ecrsysana caMO OKano 40 ronVIHH.

Pa3MHpHHT-t sp-tMeHa c.~K ce nponbn»<VInH no Kpa51 Ha V s"tKb. Cn"tnb xyHHT-t noxa»<naTb nbK"lc

OCHOTVIri> (473-488 ron.), KOVITO C.IK npOnbn»<VInVI pa3pywVITenHOTO ni>no Ha CBOVITi> npi>nweCTBeHHL.J,VI.

,IJ,anH CocpH51 e nocrpanana H orb r"txb, He e H3B"tCTHO, HO Ha sc"tKH cnyyaJ::t TBbpn-t e s-tpo51THO,

noHe»<e rorasa C.IK 6VInVI pa3pyweHVI 6nVI3KVIri> rpanose HVIWb VI Cro611.~)

Orb rosa sp-tMe HaraTblHHOCTb, 1<051TO e HMana 3a u."tnb npi>nVI BCVI41<0 Bb306HOB51BaHeTO Ha pa3pyweHHTi> OTb

onyCTOWHTeJlHHT-5 BapBapCKH HaWeCTBVI51 CrpanH VI 1<051TO e nOCTHrHana CB051Ta HaJ::i-roni;Ma HHTeH-

3HBHOCTb Bb spi>Me Ha IOcTHHVIaHa (527-565 ron.). Cnopenb CBVIni>renCTBOTO Ha npoKOnVI51, IOCTVI

HHaHb e CbrpanHJlb VI Bb 6bnrapH51 MHOrO Kp"tnOCTH HaHOBO, a npyrH e CaMO nonpaBHJlb. '1) K.bMb

ri>3VI nocn"tnHVIri> npHHanne»<H i-l CocpH51.-l)

HHe H3nO»<HXMe Be4e no-ropi; nonpOOHO Cb06pa»<eHH51Ta, KOHTO HVI nOBe»<naTb no 3ai<JliO

YeHVIe, Ye Cs. CocpH51 e 611na nocrpoeHa Ha sci>KH cnyyaJ::t ow,e npi>3b VI si>Kb ( crp. 114). Bb rosa

sp-tMe w,e rp-t6sa cn"tnosarenHo na ce narVIpa H nbpBH51Tb crpoHreneHb nepHOnb Bb HcropH51Ta

Ha U.bpKBara (cp. crp. 22). K.aKb e Vl3rne»<nana T51 npt3b T03VI nepHOnb, rosa c.~Kw,o Vl3nO»<VIXMe

nonpo6Ho no·rop-t (crp. 39-44).

C.~Kw,ecrseHVI npoM"tHVI C.IK era Han VI npi>3b BropH51 crpoVIreneHb nepVIOnb, KOJ::iro , KaKTO BHni>xMe,

Ce XapaKrepH3VIpa Cb TOBa, ye H"tKOH OTb BpaTHT-5 VI np030pl.l,HT-5 C.IK 6HnH OT4aCTH yManeHH, OT

YaCTVI CbBCi>Mb 3anyweHH (crp. 22). 3a H<aJlOCTb He npVITe»<aBaMe nOCTaTbYHVI yKa3aHVI51, 3a na cpV11<

CHpaMe XpOHOJlOrHYeCKH nO-T04HO T03H nepHOnb. f\KO B3eMeMb o6a4e np"tnb BVInb, Ye nonpaBKHTt

OTb TOBa Bp"tMe w,e na C.IK 6VInVI npi>nH3BVII<aHH OTb Hi>KOVI 06W,VI n0-3Ha4VITenHH nOBp"tnVI Ha L.l,bp

I<BaTa, Kai<BHTO C.IK MOrnH na 6.~KnaTb npHYHHeHH npH np"tB3VIMaHeTO H pa3rpa6BaHeTO Ha rpana OTb

Hi>Kol::t HenpV151Tenb, ro w,e 6.~Kne Mome 6V1 ocHosarenHO na CBbp»<eMb BbnpocHHrt nosp"tnH Cb nana-

1) nal<b TaMb CTp. 58. ~) nal<b TaMb CTp. 59.

3) Procopius, De aedific. IV 11. l) fn. CTp. 10 3a6. 3.

nbpBHrt n sa CTpOHTen HH nepHona Ha Cs. Ca<jm5l 147

HeTO Ha rpaAa Bb p~u,t.rt Ha K.pyMa Bb 809 roA., KoraTO e~ 6vtnl1 113611TI1 6000 AYWI1 Bl13aHTI1~eKI1

BO~H11U.11 11 MHO>KeeTBO rpa>KAaH11. 1) Bb TaKbBb enyYaH BTOp1151Tb CTp011TeneHb nep110Ab w,e Aa ee

naAHe ow,e Bb Kpa51 Ha IX st.Kb, ent.Ab noKpbeTBaHeTO Ha 6bnrap11Tt. (863 roA.), KoraTO Ha~-KbeHO

U.bpKBaTa Tpt.6sa Aa e 611na OKOHYaTenHo nonpaseHa 11 np11enoeo6eHa HaHoso 3a xp11eTI151HeKOTO

6oroeny>KeHI1e, aKO Bb06w,e npi:;3b I<paTKOBpi:;MeHHOTO BnaAI1YeeTBO Ha e3114HI1ll,I1Tt. -6bnrap11 U,bp·

KOBHaTa eny>K6a Bb He51 e 611na npt.yeTaHoBeHa .

Ha set.KI1 enyYa~ eb nonpaBKI1Tt. OTb BTOp1151 CTpo11TeneHb nep110Ab u,bpKBaTa e 3ary611na

3Ha411TenHo OTb eB051Ta nbpsoHaYanHa xy6oeTb KaTo noCTpo~Ka. He eaMo B~Tpt.wHoTo oest.TneHI1e

ee e HaMan11no 3HaYI1TenHO, HO TaKa e~w,o, Ypt.3b 3anywsaHeTo rnasHo Ha npo3opu,11Tt. Ha Hanp1;y

HI151 Kopa6b (rn. CTp. 18 11 20), 611nb e YHI1W,O}!{eHb OTYaeTI1 11 AeKopaTI1BHI151Tb ecpeKTb, KO~To ee e

noeTI1ranb Ypt.3b Tt.XHOTO Hape}/{AaHe Bb rpyn11 no Tp11 HaeAHO.

0Tb spt.MeTO Ha Bl13aHTI1~eKoTo snaAI1YeeTBo Bb Cocp1151 (1 018-1194 rOA.) He np11Te>KasaMe

a6eontOTHO H11KaKBI1 est.At.HI151 3a u,bpKBaTa. Ha Tosa spt.Me w,e Tpt.6sa MO}!{e 611 Aa ee np11n11we

rpbu,KI151Tb HaAn11eb eb 6narono>KenaHI1e 3a naTp11apxa Bb IO}!{HOTO OTAt.neH11e Ha Hanpt.YHI151 Kopa6b

(CTp. 27), KO~ho e 611nb noCTaseHb MO>Ke 611 no noBOAb Ha Ht.Kol1 nonpaBK11, 113BbpwsaHI1 Torasa

Ha Tosa Mt.CTo. Ha set.KI1 enyYa~ o6eT051TeneTBOTO, ye HaAnl1ebTb e 611nb noeTaBeHb Ha TaKOBa

BTOpOCTeneHHO Mt.CTO, noKa3Ba, Ye TOH He e ebBpt.MeHeHb Ha ebrpa}!{AaHeTO Ha U,bpKBaTa.

(~W,O 11 3a noent.AHI1Ti:; ABi:; eTont.TI151 OTb Xp11eTI151HeKI151 nep110Ab Ha U,bpKBaTa, KOraTO

(ocp1151 ee e HaM11pana OTHOBO Bb 6bnrapeKI1 p;y;,u,i:;, MO}!{e Aa ee Ka>Ke TBbpAi:; ManKO. npt.3b TOBa

Bpt.Me B~Tpt.WHOeTbTa Ha U,bpKBaTa , KaKTO 11 Henoepi:;AeTBeHaTa ~ OKOnHOeTb, e~ 3anOYHanl1 naKb

Aa eny>KaTb 3a norpe6eHI151. H11e BI1At.xMe, Ye Tt.311 KbeHI1 rpo6ose 3anoYBaTb OTYaeTI1 OTb X st.Kb

(CTp. 107). 06aYe, KaKTO 113rne>KAa, noseYeTo OTb Tt.xb AaTI1paTb eABa OTb XIII 11 XIV st.Kb. F\Ko ee

e~AI1 no 6oraTI1Ti:; 3naTOTbKaHI1 OAe>KA11 11 eK~ni1Ti:; npt.AMeTI1, HaMi:;peHI1 Bb Ht.KOI1 OTb rpo6oseTi:;,

Tpt.6sa Aa ee 3aKntOYI1, Ye norpe6aHI1Tt. Bb B~Tpt.wHoeTbTa Ha U,bpKBaTa n11ua e~ np11HaAne}!{anl1

Ha Bl1eWI1rS 6on5tpeKI1 11 AYXOBHI1 Kp~rose Ha TOraBaWHOTO o6w,eeTBO, 11n11 Sb06w,e Ha n11u,a, KOI1TO

e~ 11Man11 oeo6HI1 3aenyr11 KbMb U,bpKsaTa. CaMo no T0311 Ha411Hb ee o65teH5tsa 11 o6eT051TeneTsOTO,

Ye 3apaAI1 Tt.311 rpo6ose He e 611nb waAeHb xy6asi151Tb Mp51MopeHb nOAb Ha U,bpKsaTa, KO~TO e

Tpt.6sano Aa 6~Ae pa3san51Hb 11 noent. naKb nonpas51Hb. BnpoYeMb KaTo ee s3eMe npt.Ab SI1Ab, ye

Sbpxy rpo6oseTt., KaKTO ee yKa3a np11 pa3KOnKI1Tt., He e 611na noCTas5tHa naKb eon11AHa KaMeHHa

11n11 6eTOHOSa nOAnO>KKa KaTO nbpSOHal.JanHaTa (rn . CTp. 43), He06XOA11Ma 3a Mp51MOpHaTa HaeTI1nKa

Ha U,bpKsaTa, AonyeTI1MO e Aa ee np11eMe, Ye Ta311 nbpsoHaYanHa HaeTI1nKa no Tosa spt.Me,

noHe Sb no-ront.MaTa e11 YaeTb, e 611na seYe pa3pyweHa. Cnt.AOSaTenHO 11 Bb TOBa OTHOWeHI1e

MO>Ke Aa ee KOHeTaT11pa eA11Hb OTnaAbKb Ha U,bpKBaTa enpt.MO nbpBOHaYanHI151 ~ SI1Ab.

np11 see Tosa 11 npt.3b Ta311 KbeHa enoxa He e~ 1111nesanv: oni1TI1 3a noAHOS51SaHe 11 pa3xy-

6as5tsaHe Ha U,bpKsaTa. H11e S11At.XMe, Ye TSI Hai1-ManKO ABa n~TI1 e 611na 113nl1eSaHa eb cppeeKI1,

Orb KOI1TO e~ ee 3ana311nl1 TSbpAt. He3HaYI1TenHI1 ent.A11 . MaKapb 11 Aa Ht.MaMe HI1KaKsl1 yKa3aHI151

3a Tt.xHaTa AaTa, see naKb MO}!{e Aa ee Ka>Ke, ye Tt. np0113XO>KAaTb epasHI1TenHo OTb KbeHa enoxa

(rn. CTp. 43). Cnt.AosaTenHo, aKO He 11 ASC!Ta, TO e11rypHo noHe ropH1151Tb nnaeTb OTb cppeeK11rl

MO>Ke Aa ee np11 :l i1We Ha XIII 11n11 XIV st.Kb.

<!Jpee1<11Tt. e~ AOnp11Hae5tnl1 6e3b ebMHt.HI1e Bb ront.Ma CTeneHb 3a xy6as1151 113rneAb Ha

U,bpKBaTa. f\KO KbMb TOSa np116as11Mb 11KOHOCTaea, non11ne11Tt., eseW,HI1ll,J.1Ti:; 11 Apyri1Ti:; He06XOAI1MI1

np11HaAne>KHOeTI1, TO SCJ.14KO TOSa, np11 3Ha411TenHI1Ti:; pa3Mt.p11 Ha U,bpKSaTa, Tpi:;6sa Aa e np0113Se>K·

Aano see naKb TsbpAt. 11Mno3aHTHO sneYaTneHI1e. 4e Cs. Cocp1151 e 611na Ha set.KI1 enyya~ Ha~-xy-

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KaTO M11Tpononi1TeKa u,bpKsa. Tosa Ht.wo Y3HasaMe OTb np11nl1eKaTa Ha eAHO p~KOnl1eHo 6bnrapeKo

1) J ire c e k, Di e Heerstrasse, cr p. 74.

148 f1cropH51 Ha ubpKsara Cs. CocpH51

eBaHren!-1e Ha nepraMeHTb, KyneHo Bb Benecb, KOeTo cera ce HaM1-1pa Bb 6-tnrpaAb 1): IIHC.I eli\ cHe

HTE•' K'- cfii:H G~if;H ,\U'l'p~ll~·'" cp-k,J,e-~K~H npH ,\u'l'p~u~Mt'l'ii: Hw.111-k H upH 1\PH illHX""''t ~ldmH

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Ha XIV s-tKb, He MO>t<e Aa 1-1Ma CbMH-tHI-1e, Ye Cs. Cocjm51 e 61-1na M1-1Tponon!-1TCKa L.J,bpKsa Haii·KbCHO

OTb XII s-tKb, np-E3b KOeTo sp-tMe seLJe Cocjm51 e 61-1na c-tAan1-1w,e Ha M1-1Tpononi-1Tb.~) Hai-1-nocn-t

OCTasa Aa cnoMeHeMb, LJe Cs. Cocjm51 ce 51B51Ba KaTo M1-1Tpononi-1TCKa L.J,bpKBa 1-1 ,b rpaMoTaTa Ha

L.J,apb VIBaHb W1-1wMaHa (1365-1386 rOA ), AaAeHa Ha ,IJ,paraneBCKI-151 MOHaCT1-1pb, Bb K051TO rpaMOTa

AYMI-1T-t , o6naCTbTa Ha Cs. Cocjm51" crK ynoTp-t6eHI-1 Bb CMI-1Cbnb Ha , CocjmiicKa M1-1Tpononl-151". 0)

np-t3'b BTOpaTa nonOBJ-1Ha Ha XIV B-EKb Cs. Cocjm51 e np-E>t<1-1B51BaJJa nocn-EAHI-1T-t rO,[\I-1HI-1 Ha

csoeTo 6n-tcKaBo crKw,eCTsysaHe KaTo xp1-1CTI-151HCKa L.J,bpKBa.~) !<pai-l Ha TOBa Hei-~Ho nono>t<eH!-1e TYP51

na,[laHeTO Ha Cocjm51 Bb prKL.J,-tT-t Ha TYPL.J,i-1T-E Bb 1386 ro,[l. ~.)

2. Cs. CocpYI51 KaTo rypcKa n>KaMYI51 norp-twHO 61-1 6!-1nO ,[\a ce MV!Cnl-1, LJe Cnb,[\b np-EB3eMaHeTO Ha Cocjm51 TYPL.J,i-1T-E Cr!'. o6bpHanl-1

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HOTO Bna,[\I-1LJeCTBO, e 61-1na Bb06w,e MHOrO no-ron-tMa, OTKOnKOTO 061-1KHOBeHO Ce np-t,[lnOnara. ETO

3aw,o o6pbw,aHeTo Ha Cs. Cocjm51 Bb A>t<aM!-151 He MO>t<e Aa ce CBbp>t<e Cb np-Es3eMaHeTo Ha rpaAa

OTb TYPL.J,i-1T-E. n£KTeweCTBeHJ-1KbTb lepnaxb Bb 1578 rO,[\. J-136p051Ba Bb Cocp;-:51 12 Xp1-1CTI-151HCKI-1 l.l,bpKBI-1

HaYeno Cb Cb60pHaTa Cs. Map!-1Ha, H-EKOI-1 OTb KOI-1TO CrK ce 3ana31-1n1-1 1-1 AO AHeCb.') 06aLJe Me>t<AY

T-Exb Cs. Cocp!-151 seLJe He cp1-1ryp1-1pa. ECTeCTBeHo e, LJe HOBI-1T-t 3asoesaTenl-1 crK np1-1cBo1-1n1-1 3a CBOI-1

HY>t<AI-1 np-EAVI BCI-1LJKO Hai1-ron-EM!-1T-t 1-1 Hai1-xy6aB!-1T-t l.l,bpKBI-1. Ho 1-1 Bb T031-1 cnyyai.J naKb He MO>t<e

Aa ce Ka>t<e, LJe TOBa e CTaHano BeAHara en-tAb 3asna,[\51BaHO:TO Ha rpa,[la. TaKa Hanp. L.J,bpKBaTa Cs.

leopr1-1, cnopeAb CB1-1A-ETencTBOTO Ha CrKW,I-151 n£KTeweCTBeHI-1Kb,') e 61-1na o6bpHaTa Bb A>t<aMI-151 e,[\Ba

40 rG,[\I-1HI-1 np-EAI-1 HerOBOTO AOXa>t<,[\aHe Bb Cocp!-151, T. e. KbMb 1538 rO,[\. npi-1 TaKJ-1Ba ycnOBI-151 ni-1Ta

ce, KaKBa e 61-1na C£KA6aTa Ha Cs. Cocjm51 en-tAb noKOp51BaHeTO Ha rpaAa OTb TYPL.J,I-1T-t 1-1 Kora e

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Bbnpocl-1 Hl-1 AaBaTb CTap!-1T-E n£KTewecTBeHI-1L.J,I-1, KOI-1TO CrK oco6Ho MHoro6poi-IHI-1 np-E3b XVI 1-1 XVII

s-EKb 1-1 nOLJTI-1 BCI-1LJKI-1 OTA-En51Tb no H-EKonKo AYMI-1 3a Cs. Cocp!-151. 3a XV s-EKb nOA06H!-1 I-13TOLJHI-1l.l,l-1

3a >t<anOCTb He np1-1Te>t<aBaMe, Tbi-1 LJe 3a TOBa sp-tMe w,e Tp-t6sa Aa HanpaBI-1Mb HaweTo 3af<n!OLJeH!-1e

Bb3b OCHOBa Ha nO-KbCHOTO CbCT051HJ-1e Ha l.l,bpKBaTa.

Cs-EA-EH1-151Ta 3a Cs. Cocp!-151 y n£KTeweCTBeHI-1l.l,I-1T-t OTb XVI s-EKb He ce cxo>t<AaTb HanbnHo.

CnopeAb PaM 6 e p T 1-1 (1534 roA.) Bb Hero so sp-EMe l.l,bpKBaTa 61-1na seYe o6bpHaTa Bb A>t<aMI-151. 8)

BpaHLJI-1LJb (1553 rGA-) Ka3sa caMo, LJe Cs. Cocp!-151 61-1na ,c:apa l.l,bpKBa OTb rpbl.l,KI-1 CTI-1nb", HO

H-EManb sp-EMe Aa 51 BI-1AI-1.! 1) W B a i-1 rep b (1577 roA) 5I cnoMeHaBa CrKW,O KaTO A>t<aMI-151, K051TO ce Ha

M1-1pana cp-tw,y xaHa 1-1Mb. 10) 0Th T-E31-1 cB-EA-EHI-151 61-1 Morna Aa ce 3aKniOLJI-1, Ye Cs. Cocjm51 e 61-1na

1) n. Croja HOBHh, Karanor HapOJIHe 6H6JJHO

TeKe y 5eorpaJiy IV crp. 20 N~ 49.

~) J i rec e 1<, Die Heerstrasse. CTp. 91.

;;) J.f\. f1JJbHHCKiH, lpaMOTbi60JJrapCKHXbUapei1,

MoCKsa 1911, crp. 29: ,.},tl H•\\..1'1"'- \VIii\..IC'l'H C'l';;,, G~

if;Ht.t lid ''~•\\H up-k4HC'l'iK liP~!\\ TilE ... f.H'l'~lti''-CKiK.

4) Cnopellb pa3Ka3a Ha Ht.KoH crapH cocjJHilHUH

(rn. f1pe'-lel<b, n;r;ryBaHH51 no 5bJJfapH51, CTp. 13), Ha

fOfb OTb Cs. CocjJH51 ce HaMHpanb ront.Mb MOHaCTHpb, Bb KOHTO rypUHTi; ycrpOHJIH CB051 OpmmeHb CKJJaJib.

Cnopellb rosa 6H rpt.6sano Jia ce npHeMe, '-le Cs. CocpH51

e 6HJJa H MOHaCTHpCKa UbpKBa. Pa3KOnKHri; 06a'-Je He

nOTBbpmJiasaTb rosa npt.JiaHHe. Cs. CocpH51 ce 51B51Ba

KaTO CaMOCT051TeJJ Ha nOCTpOHKa, 1<051TO He e 6HJJa CBbp-

3aHa Cb HHKaKBH llpyrH crpaJIH. Bi;po51THO MHOro6poi1-

HHri; CTapH 3HllOBe OTb rpo6HHUH Cffi 6HJJH npH'-lHHa Jla

ce Cb3JiaJie MbJJBaTa, '-le ryKb Ht.Kora e HMano MOHa

cntpb, KaKTO Bbo6ule Hawero HaceneHHe 03Ha'-lasa o6H

KHOBeHo KaTO ,MOHaCTHpHWe" BCt.KO Mt.CTO, Ha KOeTO Ce

3a6t.nt.3saTb cnt.mt OTb crapH crpaJIH. ···) flaTaTa CnOpellb fl. f1 X '-l He B b, f13Bt.CTH51 Ha

HCTC!P· llpym. II, 1906, 95. ';) JJ]. Vlpe'-leKb, nep. CnHC. VII, 1884, 119 H nm

rysaHH51 no 5bnrapH51, crp. 18 3a6. 37. Cp. H Matkovic,

Rad jugoslav. akad. CXVI, 1893, 43. 7) ln. WHwMaHOBb, C6opH. 3a Hap. yMors. IV,

1891, 434 3a6. 1. ')Benedetto Ramberti, Libri tre delle cose dei

Turchi, Venetia 1539, crp. 7 en.: Sophia era citta antica

mente chiamata cosi dalla Chiesa, che hora e fuori del

Bazar delta Santa Sophia, rna ridotta in Moschea de Turchi.· !I) JJI. CTp. 114 3a6. 4. l<i) JJI. CTp. 115 3a6. J.

Cs. CocjH1 5l npt.3b XVI st. Kb 149

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CbBC-EMb T04HVI .

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rpa.a,a. Hai1-nb?BO cTapHHCKaTa U.bp!<sa Cs. Co¢1151, KOSITO e.a,Ho sp-EMe e 611na MHoro xy6asa,

Cbrpa.a,eHa no no.a,o6He Ha Cs. Co<j:>H5i Bb UapHrpa.a,b. npVI sxo.a,a 11 TYPU.VIT-E CJK ycTpoHnVI

M-EcTo, .a,-ETo T-E ce MOnSITb, o6aye rnasHaTa YaCTb (corpus) Ha u,bpi<BaTa ocTasa

n p a 3 H a; HCKanH MHoro nJKTH .a,a 5I pa3pywaTb, HO, 1<a1<TO HH pa3Ka3saxa caMHT-E TYPU.VI, I<Onl<oTo

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TOn4HHCKVI Kona H H-EKOnKO Ton a". 1)

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HHLJ.H. TaKa, K.aTapHHa UeHb (1550ro.a,.)cbo6w,asa: , TaMb(sbCo<j:>H51)V1Mae.a,Ha u,bpKsa, pa3py

WPHa Bb no-ron-EMaTa CH YaCTb, HapeYeHa Cs. Co<j:>VI51, OTb K051TO rpa.a,bTb e .a,o6V~nb HMeTo

CH; H<HTenVITi:; Ka3BaTb, Ye Typu,HTi:; VICKanVI MHOrO nJKTVI .a,a 5I nonpaB51Tb, HO CT-EHHT-E He .O,bpH<anH,

Ta 5I OCTaB51Tb TaKa".~) L.Je U,bpKBaTa e cnyH<Hna Bb CJKW,OTO sp-EMe VI KaTO CKna.a,b 3a pa3HVI CTapVI

Op.lKH<HSI, e.a,HHb BVI)J,b KaTO My3ei1, Ce nOTBbpH<.a,asa H OTb nJK TeWeCTBeHHKa X a H C b ,ll e pH W BaM b,

KOHTO Bb cso51 .a,HeBHHKb, no.a,b .a,aTa 11 asrycTb 1553 ro.a,., 6-En-EH<VI: , CocjJH51 H3rneH<.a,a .a,a e 611na

np-E.a,H sp-EMe ron-EMb rpa.a,b, na VI cera ow,e e .a,oCTa ron-EMa, 6e3b cT-EHVI 11 yKp-EnneHVI51, Cb nowVI

HHCKH cenaWKH KJKW,H ... He MOH<aXMe .a,a BYI)J,VIMb Hm:aKBH CTapHHH, KaKBHTO VI He CJKW,eCTBysaTb;

TaMb e HMano ron-EM a xpHCTVISIHCKa u,bpKsa, K051TO ce H3.0,VIra Ha.a,b u,-EnH51 rpa.a,b; cera e o p JK >1< e H b

Cl<na.O,b OTb BCeBb3MOH<HI-1 nn514KH". :l)

f\ H T 0 H H n VIr a cjJ eTa (1567 ro.a,.) BVI.a,-Enb Cs. Co<j:>HSI CJKWO Bb nonoH<eHHeTo Ha e.a,Ha pa3-

pyweHa seYe crpa.a,a. ,T03H rpa.a,b CocjJH51 e Cbrpa.a,eHb OTb HMnepaTOpa YnnH51 Tpa51Ha VI OTb Hero

HapeYeHb YnnHaHa, a nocn-E Bb xpHCTH51HCKO sp-EMe e 6Hnb np-EHMeHosaHb Ha CocpH51 cnope.a,b

u,bpKBaTa Cs. CocpH51 , 3HaYHTenHa YaCTb OTb K051TO ow,e ce BVIH<na Ha M-ECTOTO CVI,

KaTo noKa3sa, ye e 611na ron-EMa 11 xy6asa nocTpoi1Ka. (rpa.a,bTb) e pa3nonoH<eHb Bb pasHHHa 6e3b

cn-E.a,H OTb Kpi:;nOCTHVI CT-EHH". 4)

Hai1-nocn-E ocTasa .a,a cnoMeHeMb 11 cs-E.a,-EHHSITa , KOI1TO ce HaMV~paTb Bb aHOHHMH1151 n JKTOnVICb,

OTHOCSIW,b ce .a,o nocnaHVIYecTBOTO Ha ,UasH.a,a YHrHa.a,a Bb UapHrpa.a,b np-E3b 1572 ro.a,., ~.a,Ha ro

AHHa cn-E.a,b nJKTysaHeTo Ha Pai1Ma. ,To3H rpa.a,b (CocpH51) e o6HKHOBeHo c-E.a,anHw,e Ha 6ernep6era,

He e yKp-EneHb, H-EMa CT-EHH, 6pOV1 OKOnO 7000 KJKW,VI ... Bb npi:;.a,rpa.a,l1eTO 11Ma OCTaTbli,H OTb CTapVI

3H.a,ose OTb pa3pyweHHSI rpa.a,b YnnHa Cep.a,HKa, KOHTO e cbrpa.a,V~nb u.apb TpaSIHb; HMa 11 CTapa

1) P.v;Koni1Cb Tb Ha Pai1Ma (K. R y m), nonb Hancnosb Reyse van Bruussele v11 t Brabant to Constantinopels in Thracyen, hofstat van de n turcschen keysere, ce HaM11pa Bb Bl1eHCI<aTa np11UBOpHa 6116n110Te1<a 11 , UOI<OJIIWTO M11 e 113et.cTHO, He e o6HaponeaHb 11 nocera. Ta311 'laCTb OTb Hero, K05lTO ce OTH3C5l no 6anKaHCI<I15l nonyoCTpOBb e cbo6uteHa Bb npt.eonb OTb Matkovi c, Rad jugoslav. akad. CXII, 1892, 162 en ., omt.TO (CTp. 182) JaeMaMe ropHI15l naca}!{b.

2) Qui li e una chiesa, ruinata Ia maggior parte, intitulata Santa Sophia , per Ia qual Ia terra ha il nome, et dicono li habitanti, ch e li Turchi l 'han voluta fabrica r piu volte, et che li muri non stano su, et cosi Ia lasciano. UHTaTa JaeMaMb OTb Matkov i c, Starine, izda je jugoslav. akad. X, 1878, 210 en . Cp. 3a T0311 n.v;TeweCTeeHI11<b c.v;wH5l aeTOpb Bb Rad LXII, 1882, 87 en .

::) rn. H . K i e pert, Hans Dernschwam 's o rientalische Reise 1553-1555 aus Handschriften im F\uszuge mitgeteilt, Globus Lll, 1887, CTp. 202: Sophia scheint eine grosse statt sein gewesen vor zeiten, ist noch gross genug, ohne mau ren und bevestigung, von schlechten nideren baursheusern . . . Keine antiquiteten sehen kunden , deren auch kein e vorhanden; aida ist eine grosse Christenkirche gewesen, sieht uber die ganze stadt aus, ist jetz ein zeughaus von allerl ei raub.

~) Questa citta di Sofia fu fabricata da Ulpiano Traiano imperatore, et da lui nomata Ulpianurn, et pascia al tempo de Christiani fu detta Sofia dalla chiesa di S. Sofia, una buona parte della quale si vede ancora in p iedi, dimostrando, esser stata una g rande et bella fabrica. E pasta in pianura senza vesti gia alcuno di muraglia. UHTaTa JaeMaMb oTb Matkovic, Rad C, 1890, 176.

150

u,bpKsa Cs. Co¢1-151, K051TO Typu,HT-t nocT051HHO pywaTb, noHe»<e OTb He51 rpaA51Tb

CSOHT-t U,bpKSI-1." 1)

KaKTO ce SH»<Aa OTb scw1KH T-t3H cs-tA-tHI-151, Sb npOAbn»<eHHe nOYTH Ha u,-tn!-151 XVI s-tKb

Cs. Co¢1-151 e 61-1na nonypa3pyweHa crpaAa. OnHTHT-t Ha Typu,HT-t Aa 5I nonpas51Tb, no eAHa 1-1n1-1

Apyra npHYHHa, Cli'\ OCTaHanH 6e3ycntWHJ.1. 3aTOSa T-t Cli'\ npHCnOC06HnH CaMO np-tAASepHeTO Aa Ce

MOn51Tb Sb Hero, a rnasHaTa YaCTb Ha U,bpKSaTa e cny»<Hna KaTO OpJK»<eHb CKnaAb, Sb KOiho Cli'\ ce

na3-tnH pa3HH soeHHH Tpo¢eH, cneYeneHH OTb Typu,HT-t. Cb ApyrH AYMH nono»<eHHeTo Ha Cs. Co¢1-151

np-t3b XVI s-tKb HanoMH51 TSbpA-t MHoro HeHHOTO cerawHo nono»<eHHe, Cb Ta3H caMo pa3nHKa, Ye

ManKa YaCrb OTb He51 e 61-1na npHcnoco6eHa Torasa 3a MoxaMeAaHcKa, a AHecb 3a xpHCTH51HCKa U,bp

KOsHa cny»<6a. ETa 3aLUO repnaxb Sb 1578 rOAHHa He 5I cnOMeHasa seYe Me»<AY xpHCTJ.151HCKHT-t

U,bpi<Sl-1 (rn. CTp. 148).

Bb caMOTO HaYano Ha XVI s-tKb ce naAa eAHO Cb6HTHe, KOeTo H3rne»<Aa Aa ce HaMHpa Sb

cspb3Ka Cb TOrasawHOTO CbCT051HHe Ha u,bpKsaTa. Ha 11 ¢espyapH 15-15 roA., Sb sp-tMeTO Ha co

¢Hfici<H51 MHTpononHTb naHKpaTH, npH Cs. Co¢1-151 6Hnb J.13ropeHb, en-tAb ron-tMH Mli'\1<1-1, cs. reoprH

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3a H3rap51He Ha cseTeu,a ce o651CH51Sa MHoro A06p-t KaTo ce HMa np-tAb SHAb, Ye Cs. Co¢1-151 no

Tosa sp-tMe Tp-t6sa Aa ce e HaMHpana sb Kpa51 Ha rpaAa, ye e 61-1na nonypa3pyweHa 1-1 noYTH 1-13-

oCTaseHa. EAHO TaKosa M-tcTo, np-tAb SHYWHTenHI-151 naMeTHHI<b, KOHTO e CSHA-tTenCTsysanb 3a na

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eAHHb XpHCTH51HCI<H Mli'\ YeHHKb.

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XVI s-tKb, Tp-t6sa Aa ce e 3anoYHano OLL\e sb np-tAHAeli.\eTo cTon-tTHe, s-tpo51THO Cb naAaHero Ha

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6e»<b. VI aKa Typu,HT-t C;K ce noJ<a3anH AOCTaTbYHO TonepaHTHH cnp-tMo xpHCTH51HHT-t, KaTo HMb CJK

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rOpYHSHHaTa Ha po6CTSOTO 1-1 Te»<KaTa plKI<a Ha 3a80eSaTenHT-t Yp-t3b OTHeMaHeTO Ha r!laSHaTa 1-1Mb

u,bpKsa. Ha sc-t1<1-1 cnyYaf-1 H-tMaMe a6co!IIOTHO HHI<ai<SH ocHOBi'lHI-151 Aa np-tAnonaraMe, Ye Cs. Co¢1-151

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Ta3H pe3ynTaTb 3a CbCT051HHeTO Ha u,bpKsaTa np-t3b XV 1-1 XVI s-tJ<b H3rne»<Aa Ha npbBb

norneAb Aa ce HaMHpa sb npoTHsop-tYHe Cb npHnHcKaTa Ha eAHO esaHrenHe OTb 1563 roA.

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KfM1K,\r~, cf'i1 A Kf.UiKklf ~~fKKH G~<j;-iH G,1i .\•IK\;cn~ , K"h ,\iiHH &:\1'~'11-.CTHK,Ir" H 'f,,,,~&H&,\r~ I'~CII•'.\•IP,I KH6S,I

AH•\\thp'i<~.. .... K'k ''"';,; , 3~.1 (7071 = 1562l '"''\" CHIT"mp·i,1.3) T-t3H AYMH CJK H3TbnKysaHH Sb CMHCbnb,

ye sbnpOCHH51Tb MaTe51 61-1nb ,naM6aAapb Ha capAHI<HikKaTa u,bpKsa Cs. Co¢1-151" .4) f\1<0 Tosa Tbn

KysaHe 61-1 61-1no s-tpHo, TO 61-1 Tp-t6sano Aa npVIeMeMb, ye Cs. Co¢1-151 Bb 1563 roA. ce e HaMHpana

OLL\e Sb 6bnrapcKH pJKu,-t KaTo u,bpKsa. Bb CJKLL\HOCTb o6aYe Sb npHnHcKaTa CbSC-tMb He ce rosop1-1

3a u,bpKsaTa ,Cs. Co¢1-151". Vl3pa3bTb ,Co¢1-151 CapAHI<HHCKa" He 03HaYasa HHLL\O Apyro ocs-tHb

, rpaAb Co¢1-151", KaKTO To sa ce cp-tLUa 3a no-ron-tMa 51CHOCTb 1-1 Bb ApyrH cnyYaH OTb n p-txOAHaTa

enoxa, KoraTo CTapoTo HMe CapAHI<a 1-1n1-1 Cp-tAeLJ,b He e H3n-t3no OLL\e OTb ynoTp-t6eHHe, a HOBOTO

1) Beschreibung einer Legation und Reis e von Wien aus Ostereich auff Constantinope1 , durch den wohlgeborenen Herrn, Herrn David Ungnaden, Freyherrn zu Sonneck und Pfandsherrn auff Bleyburgk ... anno 72 verrichtet, Gustrow 1582. UHrara 3aeMaMb Orb np-tsona

Ha Matkovic, Rad CXII, 1892, 218.

~)E. CnpocrpaHOBb, C6opHHKb 3a Hap. yMors. XXII -- XXIII, 19:6 7, 9.

:;) 1::.. CnpocrpaHOBb, OnHCb Ha p;v;KonHCHT-t Bb 6H6nHoTeKara npH Cs. CHHOJib, CocpHS! 1900, crp. 55. BbnpocHara npnnH cJ<a e 6Hna np-tnHcaHa, Cb MHoro npyrH crapH 6-tn-t>KJ<H orb T03H ponb, H Bb resrep5! Ha nonb VlnHSl H CHHa MY Tonopa , Bb J<oiho snHCBaHHJ-t 6-tn-t>KJ<H ilOCTHraTb JIO 1863 ron. rn. Xp. n. Ko HCTciHT H H 0 Bb, nep. CnHC. X, 1884, 95.

l) npoTHYb, Cs. CocpHSl, crp. 4.

l

06pbwaHeTo Ha Cs. CocpH51 Bb Jl)!{aMH51 151 .. - ---- ···---~--

Cucpl-151 owe He e A061-1no I-131<Jli041-1TenHo rocnOACTBo. 1) Cn-EAOBaTenHo 1-1 AYMI-1T-t ,cBeTaTa 1-1 BeJJV!Ka

U.bp!<Ba Cocp1151 CapA1-11<11HCI<a" CJK ynoTp-E6eHI-1 npocTo Bb CMV!CbJlb Ha , Cocp1-1i1C1<a M11Tpononl-151" (rn.

1-1 no-rop-E cTp. 148), TbH ye noMeHaTaTa np1-1n1-1C1<a H-EMa HV!W.O o6wo Cb HawaTa ubp!<Ba.

Cs. Cocpl-151 e 61-1na o6bpHaTa OI<OH4aTenHo Bb A»<aMI-151 eABa l<bMb Kpa51 Ha XVI s-EKb. Ma

Kapb 11 Aa He ce 3Hae T04HO, !<Ora e cTaHano TOBa H-Ew,o, see nal<b np1-16Jli-131-1TenHaTa AaTa MO»<e

Aa ce ycTaHOBI-1 Cb noMOW,bTa Ha I-13B-ECTI-151Ta, I<OVITO Hl-1 AaBaTb nJKTewecTBeHI-1U.1-1T-E. Hai1-Ba»<HO e

Bb TOBa OTHoweHV!e KpamoTo I-13B-ECTI-1e Ha Es111151 4ene61-1, I<OHTO noc-ET1-1Jlb Cocp1151 np-E3b 1652

roA. ,,1J,»<aMI-151Ta Ec1<1-1 CI-151YWb nawa e Ha C1011ei1MaHOBI-15I Be31-1pb. Bb CTapo sp-EMe T51 61-1na <.Jep!<Ba.

no!<p1-1Ta e Cb OJlOBO, V!Ma eAHO MV!Hape 1-1 ce HaMV!pa Ha eAHa Bb3BI-1WeHOCTb". ~) 4e Hai-1CTI-1Ha T031-1

naca»<b ce OTHaC51 AO Cs. Cocp1151, ce BI1»<Aa He caMo OTb TOBa, <.Je T51 e eAHHCTBeHaTa UbpKBa Bb

Cocpl-151, I<051TO ce HaMV!pa Ha eAHa Bb3BI-1WeHOCTb, HO rnaBHO OTb o6c~051Te11CTBOTO, 4e Cs. Cocp1-151 e

61-1na no3HaTa Ha cTapV!T-E cocp1-151HUI-1 nOAb V!MeTo CI-151YLIJb-A»<aMI-151 AO HaH-HOBO sp-EMe 1-1 4e u-E111-151Tb

OI<OJleHb I<BapTaJlb np-EAI-1 OCB060»<AeHI-1eTO e HOC-E11b CJKWOTO V!Me. no Tal<bBb Ha'-li1Hb OTb AYM11T-E

Ha Esnl-151 4ene61-1 113111-13a, ye Cs. Cocpl-151 e 61-111a np-EnpaBeHa KaTO TypcKa A»<aMI-151 OTb H-EKoi1 Cl-1

CI-151YWb nawa, se31-1pb Ha cymaHb C10nei1MaHa II BenV!Kon-EnHI-1 (1520 1-- 1566).

0Tb Typc!<V!T-E 11-ETonHCI-1 c;r;. no3HaTI-1 Tp1-1Ma se31-1p1-1, KOHTO CJK HOCV!Jll-1 HMeTo CI-151YWb 1-1111-1

CI-1515YWb nawa. !l) Hai1-cTap1-151Tb OTb T-Exb, no npo1-13XO»<AeHI-1e XbpBaTV!Hb, e 61-1nb Bb 1567/8 roA.

610101<b-M1-1paxopb (eA11Hb BI1Ab rnaBeHb wanMai1cTepb) Ha cynTaHb Cen11Ma II. Cn-EAb TOBa CTaBa

BaJll-151 Ha e51neTa PyMe111-1, I<OHTO e o6eMaJlb 6!-1T01151, Oxp1-1Ab, W!<OApa 1-1 Kecp11e. np-E3b u.apyBaHeTO

Ha cymaHb MypaAa Ill (1574-1596 roA.) TOH cTasanb TPI-1 nJKTH sen1-11<b Be31-1pn, a HMeHHO Bb 1582,

1586 11 1592 rOA . noMV!HaJlb ce e Bb 1601 /2 rOA. (1 010 no TYPCI<OTO 11-ETo6poeH1-1e). 3a HerosaTa

CTpOV!TenHa A-EHHOCTb e I-13B-ECTHO, 4e Bb L.lap1-1rpaAb nOCTp01-1Jlb eAHO ron-EMO MeApece Ha I-1MeTO

Ha »<eHa Cl-1 ¢aTI-1Me-cy11TaHb, a TaKa c;r;.w,o 1-1 H-ti<011l<O 6oroyroAHI-1 3aBeAeHI-151 Bb pa3HI-1 Apyrl-1 rpa

AOBe. ,IJ,pyrb eAHHb CI-151YWb nawa, pOAOMb OTb f\sxa31-151, e 3aeManb pa3HI-1 BVICOI<I-1 Ailb»<HOCTI-1 np-E3b

u.apysaHeTO Ha cymaHb MexMeAa XaHb IV (1648-1687 rOA.). np-E3b 1645 fOA. TOH e 6!-1Jlb Ba111-151

Ha e51JleTa CI-1Il1-1CTpa, Bb 1650 51 roA. CTaBa 3a npbBb nJKTb sen1-11<b Be31-1pb, HO HacKopo 61-1sa csa

neHb 1-1 3aT04eHb. C11-EAb KaTo e 61-1nb onpocTeHb, CTaBa sa111-151 Ha pa3HI1 e51JJeTI-1 Bb esponei1c1<a

TypLI,I-151 11 6ernep6erb Bb CI-1Il11CTpa (1656/7 rOA-)- nocn-E ce Bpbwa Bb L.lap1-1rpaAb 1-1 CTaBa 3a BTOpl-1

nJKTb BenHI<b se31-1pb, HO cn-EAb Mi:.ceub 1-1 nonOBV!Ha YMV!pa. Hai1-noc11-E I-13B-EcTeHb e 1-1 TpeTI-1

C1-151ywb nawa, saJll-151 Ha e51neT1-1T-E 6ocHa 1-1 ,1J,1-1ap6e1<1-1pb, KOHTO e 3aeMa11b noCTa senHI<b Be31-1pb

3a 100 AHI-1 CJKWO Bb sp-EMeTo Ha cy11TaHb MexMeAa XaHb IV 1-1 e 61-111b y61-1Tb HacKopo OTb 6yi1-

cTBysaw,aTa soi1c1<a Bb UapV!rpaAb, I<051TO pa30p1-111a 1-1 I<OHaKa My.

HHTO eAHHb OTb T-E31-1 naw1-1 He e »<HB-Enb Bb sp-EMeTo Ha C1011ei1MaHa II Be111-11<011-EnHI-1,

1<a1<TO 61-1 Tp-E6sano Aa ce O'-la!<Ba cnopeAb AYM11T-E Ha EBJJI-151 4ene6!-1. 51sHo e cn-EAoBaTeJJHO, 4e

T0311 nJKTeWeCTBeH11l<b, 41-11-1TO 11CTOp1-14eCI<I-1 CB-EA-EHI-151 He ce OTJli-1'-JaBaTb Cb r011-EMa T04HOCTb, 4) e

c6bp1<a11b HMeTo Ha cynTaHa, KaTo e np1-1n1-1canb Ha CIOnei1MaHOBaTa enoxa eAV!Hb Be31-1pb,

KOHTO Mo»<e Aa e 3aeManb T031-1 nocTb Hai1-paHo Bb u.apysaHeTo Ha MypaAa Ill (1574-1596 roA.).

Koi1 o6a<.Je OTb TpV!MaTa se31-1p1-1, I<OVITO CJK HOCI-1Jll1 V!MeTo CI-151YWb nawa, Tp-E6sa Aa ce C41-1Ta,

3a Bb306HOBI-1Tenb Ha Cs Cocp1151 KaTo A»<aMI-151, ce B11»<Aa OTb ApyrHT-E I-13B-ECTI-151 3a U.bp!<BaTa OTb

XVII s-EKb. Hai1-cTapoTo OTb n31-1 I-13B-ECTI-151, KOeTo ce Ab11»<1-1 Ha nJKTewecTBeHV!Ka Be He pH b

cpOHb Kpai111cxai1Mb (cn1-1panb ce Bb Cocp!-151 Ha 16-18 IOJll-1 1616 roA.), H-EMa Bb c11y<.Ja51 ro

n-EMo 3Ha4eHI-1e, TbH KaTo Bb Hero 3a Cs. Cocpl-151 ce Ka3Ba caMo, <.Je 61-111a o6bpHaTa OTb TYPU.1-1T-E

1) rn. VfpeYeKb, nlii.TyBaHI-151, CTp. 14 3a6. 29. ~) Cnopenb np-tsona Ha .n. ran )I{ a H 0 Bb, nep.

cn11c. LXX, 1909, 699. 3) Cn-tnHm-t cs-tn-tHH51, YepnaHH rnaBHO OTb Typ

CKH51 pt,y HHKb Ha CaM 11- 6 e H, KaMyCb-fOJJaJ151Mb (Cb

cppeHCKo 3arnasHe Dictionnaire universe! d'histoire et de

geographie, Constantinople 1889) IV 2717 en., llbJl)J{a Ha

r-Ha ll·pb VfB. .fiHMHTpOBb, OpHeHTallHCTb H rnaBeHb

6H6JJHOTeKapb Ha HaponHaTa 6H6JJHOTeKa Bo CocpH51,

KOMyTO 113Ka3B3Mb M051T3 6naronapHOCTb 33 ycnyraTa. ~) Cnopenb cbo6weHHe Ha r-Ha n-pb l-is . .ilHMH-

lpOBb.

152 VlcTOp11S! Ha ubpKBaTa Cs. CocpHS!

Bb A»<aMHS1. 1) 06aYe seYe n?KreweCTBeHHKbTb ,IJ,e Xe Ae K.ypMeHHHb (1621 roA.), KaTO onHc.Ba

rpaAa CocjmSI, t<a3Ba: ,rnasHara A»<aMHSI, KOSITO e MHOro xy6asa, e cny»<Hna no-paHo Ha xpHCTHSI

HHr-t 3a U,bpt<Ba nOAb HMeTO Ha CB. Co¢1-151, T. e. Ha 6o>t<eCTBeHaTa Mi'KApOCTb, H H-tt<OH si:;pBaTb,

ye ra3H u,bpt<Ba e Aana HMero Co¢1-151 Ha rpaAa, KO~ho no-paHo ce HapHYanb CapAHt<a".~) Orb r-t3H

AYMH ce BH>t<Aa, Ye Cs. Co¢1-151 Bb 1621 roA. e 611na seye rna B H a A»< aM 1-1 51, Kat<saro TSI He 61-1

Morna Aa 6?KAe HapeYeHa, at<o no-rontMara ~ YaCTb e cny»<Hna ow,e 3a op?K>t<eHb ct<naAb. Cni:;Ao

BarenHo no rosa sp-tMe TSI rp-t6sa seYe Aa e 611na Bb306HoBeHa 1-1 nonpaseHa OKOHYarenHo. Tosa

Htw,O Ce nOTBbp>t<,a,aBa H OTb 1-138-tCTHS!Ta Ha KaTOflHYeCKI-151 enHCKOnb 50 r A a H b 5 a X W H 4 b, no

ci:;THnb Co¢1-151 Ha 20 Mai11640 rOA., KOHTO Bb CBOSI panopTb AO t<oHrperau,HS!Ta 3a pa3npocrpaHeHHe

Ha t<aronHYect<ara s-tpa n11we: ,fon-tMara U,bpt<sa, KOSITO e 611na t<are,a,pana, e 611na nocsereHa Bb

YeCTb Ha CB. Co¢1-151 H cera e ,[J,>t<aMHSI; TSI e roni:;Ma, AOCTa BHCOI<a, Ta Ce BH>t<,[J,a naneYb Ha nonOBHHa

,a,eHb n?KTb 1-1 noseYe; craHana e MHoro xy6asa 1-1 cera H3rne~,a,a, t<aro Aa e HanpaseHa HaHoso". 11)

K.at<TO ce BH>t<Aa OTb rE3H cs-t,a,-tHHSI, Cs. Co¢1-151 Bb HaYanoro Ha XVII s-tt<b, HaH-KbCHO

Bb 1621 ro,[J,., e 611na seYe nonpaseHa t<aro ,a,>t<aMHSI. Cn-t,a,osarenHo Hei1Hara nonpast<a rp-t6sa Aa

ce npHllHWe Ha XbpBaTHHa (HS!YWb nawa, I<OHTO e 6Hnb BenHIt<aBanH ,a,a pywarb u,bpt<sara (rn. crp. 149),

a nbtt<aMHSI rp-t6sa Aa ce e H3BbpwHno np-t3b nocn-tAHHT-t AB-t AeCSITHn-tTHSI Ha

XVI s-tt<b.

(b rosa ce onp-t,a,i:;nSI 1-1 ,a,arara Ha rpeTHSI CTpoHreneHb nepHOAb Ha U,bpt<Bara (rn . crp. 22).

H11e BH,a,-txMe, Ye nonpaBKHT-t, KOHTO npHHaAne>t<aTb Ha T03H nepHOAb, ce ornHYaBaTb Cb conH,a,eHb

rpaAe>t<b, xy6aBH ¢opMH H rpH>t<flHBO H3llbnHeHHe. 8b CbrnacHe Cb TOBa Hi:;w,o Ci'K H CBi:;Ai:;HHS!Ta

Ha nrKTeWeCTBeHHL.I,HTi:; (K.ypMeHHHb H 5at<WH4b), cnopeAb I<OHTO ,[J,>t<aMHS!T.J CTaHana MHOrO xy6asa.

nonpaBKHTi:; Ci'K 3aci:;ranH rnaBHO ci:;sepHaTa CT-tHa, I<OSITO rpi:;6sa ,a,a e 61-1na HaH-M HO rO pa3pyWeHa

( crp. 19). Pa3t<bpTeHI-n-t YaCTY1 Ha cr-tHMT-t Ci'K 611n11 o6nHU,OBaHH Cb BHHMarenHa 3H,a,apHS! (rn.

CTp. 12 Cn.), TbH Ye HaHCTHHa Ci'K MOrnH ,[J,a H3rne>t<,a,aTb , KaTO HOBH". n p030pu,Hrn Ha ¢aca,a,ara Ci'K

6HnH Ci'KUJ,O nonpaBeHH, KaTO Ci'K 6HnH yManeHY1 H CHa6,a,eHY1 Cb xy6aBH KaMeHHH apt<H, 3aOCTpeHH

no rypct<Yl MaHepb (crp. 21). Ha IO>t<HaTa cr-tHa e 611na orsopeHa sparara Cb npo¢HnyBaHHSI

t<aMeHeHb 6op,a,!Opb, KOSITO e 3ana3eHa 1-1 ,a,ocera ( crp. 20). Bb rosa sp-tMe rpt6sa ,a,a e 611no

HanpaBeHO H e,[J,HHCTBeHOTO MYlHape, KaKTO H Ofl0BHI-1S!Tb not<pHBb Ha u,i:;naTa ,[J,>t<aMI-151 (rn. CTp. 151).

Orb H-tt<oH HeH3Aa,a,eHH rypct<H AOt<yMeHTH Y3HaBaMe, ye np-t3b n-troro 1613 rOA. t<ynonbTb

Ha CB. Co¢1-151 6Hnb nospi:;AeHb OTb rpbMb. 4) nonpaBKaTa, Cb rpe,a,Yl Yl ryxnH, 6Hna Yl3BbpWeHa

e,a,sa np-t3b 1615 ro,a,., t<aro 3a Ta3H u-tnb 611n11 noxapYeHH 50000 at<Yera (ot<ono 416 rpowa) -

cyMa, KOSITO 3a rorasawHHT-t ycnoBHSI e 611na TBbp,a,i:; 3HaYHTenHa. nosp-tAaTa e 3ac-trana s-tpoS!THO

YeTBbpTHTaTa orpa,a,a Ha t<ynona, I<OSITO, Kai<TO BH,[J,i:;XMe (CTp. 15), HOCH rypCKH xapat<Tepb. 8b3-

MO>t<HO e ra3H orpa,a,a Aa e 61-1na nocrpoeHa Bbo6w,e rorasa Yl3u,-tno, 3a Aa ce 3a3,a,paBH KOHcrpyt<

U,HS!Ta Ha t<ynona.

1) f\dam Wennern v on Cr ai lssheim, Ein gantz new Reysebuch von Prag auss bi ss gen Constantinopel, Ni.irn berg 1622, cTp. 33: Sophia, von Ti.ircken auch unnd wegen eines daselbst gehabten Tempels (welcher von ihnen inn ein Meschitt verendert) also genandt, ist vor zeiten die Hauptstadt in Bulgaria gewesen ..• hat allda schone Kirchen, lmaret, Caravan-Sarajen, ein Wesenstein unnd warm Bad .

~) Voyage de Levant fait par le commendement du Roy en l'annee 1621 par le S(ieur D(es Hayes) de C(ourmenin), UHT11paHo cnopeab J o s. T oM 11 h, CnoMeHHK cpncKe aKaa. XXXVII, 1900,76: La Mosqu ee principale qui est Ires-belle servoit autrefois d 'Eglise aux Chrestien s

sous le nom de saincte Sophie, c'est-a-dire de Ia Sapience divine et quelques uns croyent que cette Eglise ayt donne le nom de Sophie a Ia ville, qui auparavant s'appelloit Sardique .

:1) Fleta Bulgariae eccles ., cTp 73 : La chiesa grande, she fu il Domo, era dedicata all'honor di Santa Sofia, et adesso e Moschea, e grande assai alta, che si vede Ionia no mezzo giorno e piu ; e stata molto bella , et adesso par, che sia fatta di novo.

1) fl. VI w 11 p 1< o s b, rpaab CocpHS! npE3b XVII BEI<b (MaTep11an11 3a 11CTOpHS!Ta Ha CocpHS! , 113D.. cocp. flpxeon. upy)\{ ), CocpHS! 1912, CTp. 17.

Cs. CocjH1SI npi;3b XVII si;Kb 153

OcraHamnt cst..o.-BHVI51 3a Cs. Cocjm51, KOVITO HaMVIpaMe y nJKTewecrseHVILJ,VIT-B OTb XVII stKb,

HtMaTb ront.MO 3Ha4eHVIe 3a VICTOpV151Ta Ha LJ,bp!<BaTa . npVI BCe TOBa H Tt, 3acny>H.aBaTb BHVIMaHVIe,

noHe>H.e CBVI.D.t.rencrsys::~Tb 3a .D,bn6oKoro sne4arneHVIe, Koero Ta3VI crpa.o.a e npOV13Be>H..o.ana Bbpxy

noc-BTVITenVIrt Ha Cocjm51. Ha nbpBo Mtcro rpt6sa .o.a cnoMeHeMb panopra Ha apxVIenHCKona 6 or

.o.aHb 6aKWVI4b oTb 1653 ro.o.. Karo rosopVI 3a rpa.o.::~ Cocjm>I VI 3a npoMt.Hara Ha VIMero 11 cnope.o.b

U.bpt<aara Cs. Cocjm51 (rn. crp. 118), 6at<WV14b Ka3Ba: ,To3VI xpaMb VI .o.o .D.HeweHb .o.eHb e 3ana-

3VIJlb CB051 [3;-J.D,b, nocrpoeHb Bb cpop:vra Ha t<pbCTb, Kai<TO LJ,bp!<BaTa Cs. nerbpb Bb PVIMb, VI cny>H.VI

3a .D.>H.aMVI51 H<l rypu.vtr-5. Pa3:-~ono>H.eHb e T03VI xpaMb Ha cs. CocpV151 Ha e.o.Ho BVICOKO Mt.cro, TbH 4e,

Karo ce npEMVIHe nnaHVIHara XeMb, 1) Ha npbBb norne.o.b ce BVI>H.Aa Ka3aHara U.bpt<Ba, Mat<apb 4e

w,e .D,a VIMa .D,OTaMb 01<0110 20 MVIJlVI; TbH KaTO noneTO e OT!<pVITO, nopa.D,VI BeJlVII<OJlt.nHVI51 V13r1le.D,b

sapsapVITt. 6bnrapV1, MaKapb VI 6e3b st.pa .o.ocera, He CJK 51 Cb60PV111.VI, npVI BCVI4l<O 4e CJK pa3py

WVIJlVI crt.HVIn H 1 rpa.o.a, TbH 4e cera se4e He ce BVI>H.AaTb, caMo ce 3a6tnt3BaTb Ha HtKoVI Mtcra

CJlt.D,VI OTb 3VI.D,OBeTt". ~) npt.D.VI BCVI41<0 npaBVI Bne4aTJleHVIe Bb T03VI panopTb, 4e 6aKWV14b npbBb

e 06bpHaJlb BHVIMaHVIe Ha !<pbCTOBVI.D,HaTa cpopMa Ha LJ,bp!<BaTa, KaTO 5I CpaBH51Ba Bb TOBa OTHOWeHVIe

Cb Cs. ilerbpb Bb PVIMb. VIHrepeCHVI CJK TaKa CJKW,O H 6tnt>H.KV1Tt 3a senVIKontnHVI51 Vl3rne.o.b Ha

Cs. CocpV151 scpt..D.b paBHOTO VI ort<pVITO none, Koraro U.bpt<sara He e 6VIna ow,e 3at<pV1BaHa OTb

.u.pym rontMVI nocrpoi1KVI, Mat<apb rosa o6cro51rencrso .o.a Ht.Ma HVIWO o6wo Cb 3ana3BaHeTo Ha

U.bpt<sara, I<051TO ,sapsapV~rt. 6bnrapH" VI 6e3b rosa He 6VIxa pa3pywVIJlVI .

VlranVI51HeLJ,bTb ,LJ, >H. VI o BaH VI K VI a p oM a H ¥1, Bb e.n.Ho csoe nVICMO, ornpaseHo Ha 4 10nV1 1659

ro.o.. OTb CocpV151 .o.o npV151Ten51 MY Kan.o.aHa, CJKW.O rosopVI 3a LJ,bpt<sara. , B4epa npVICTVIrHaxMe TYI~Ta, VIMeHyBaHa Cs. CocpV151, K051TO .D.Hecb e o6bpHara Bb rypcKa .o.>H.aMVI>I. Bee naKb ce

e 3ana3VIJlb e.D,VIHb TaeHb napa!<JlVICb Cb MHOrO MOW,VI Ha CBeTVIVI; rypU,VITt. Ci'K ynorpl;6;-J.lVI BCV14l<VI

cpt.o.crsa, 3a .o.a npOHVIKHaTb Bb Hero, HO cJK 6VInVI or6nbcBaHVI OTb HeVI3BtcrHa pJKKa, n nbKb Ha

Xp11CTV151HVITt He Ce n03BOJl51Ba .D,a OnVITaTb .D,a BJlt3aTb, no 1<051TO npV14VIHa nOCT051HHO Ce A bp>H.VI Ha

rosa Mtcro crpa>H.a, K051TO ystp51Ba, Ye 4ecro e yysana MY3VIKaJlHH rnacose VI 3BYKOBe OTb

VIHCrpyMeHTVI". ;;) BVIAVI ce, 4e Mbnsara 3a e.D,VIHb raKbBb ct<pVIweHb napaKnVICb e 6VIna TBbp.D.t pa3-

npocrpaHeHa no rosa sptMe B b CocpV151, noHe>H.e T51 ce npt..u.asa Bb .o.pyrb BVI.D.b H OTb nJKrewecr

BeHVIKa nay Jl b T a cp e pH e p b (1665 ro.u..). Karo OnVICBa rpa.o.a CocpV151, TOH Ka3Ba: ,XpaMbTb, I<OHTO

e,[I,HO BptMe 6naro4eCTVIBVITt XpVICTVI51HVI nOCTpOVIJlVI Bb cpopMa Ha !<pbCTb, cny>H.VI cera Ha HeBtpHVI

LJ,VITt (rypu.V~rt) 3a .D.>H.aMVI>~. Bb e.n.Ha TbMHa CTa51 o6a4e ce HaMVIpa YYAOTBOpHa VIKOHa Ha cs. 6oro

POAVILJ,a. H a rosa Mtcro cny>H.VI e.D,VIHb Kanyrepb cppaHLJ,VICKaHeLJ,b, KOHTO 3aMtcrsa csew,eHVIKa". 4) Bb

cppeHCI<OTO VI3,[I,aHVIe Ha T03VI ni'KTOnVICb Ce Ka3Ba OW,e, Ye nOCJlaHVII<bTb llO>H.eJlaJlb .D,a Ce OTCJlY>H.VI

Ha TOBa MtCTO U,bpi<OBHaTa CJly>H.6a. ;>)

1) 6aKwwtb e nowenb Bb CocjmSI OTKbMb LJHnp:>seub !1 e MHHanb cni;aosarenHo 6a~KaHa (XeMb) npi;3b nerpoxaHCKHSI npOXOJlb.

2) f\cta Bulgariae ecclesiast. crp. 228: Qual tempio sino a questi nostri giorni sta nel suo essere, fatto nella forma di croce, come Ia chiesa di s. Pietro in Roma, et serve per moschea alii Turchi . Sta posto questa tempio di s. Soffia sopra un luogo eminente, che. quando si passa mont' Hemo, nella prima vista si vede detta ch iesa , che saranno circa 20 miglia; essendo campagna aperta , per Ia cui magnificenza li barbari Bulgari, benche senza fede all'hora, non Ia distrussero, havendo roinato tutte le mura della citta, che adesso non si vede altro, sola · mente appariscono li vestigij delle muraglie in cert i luoghi.

3) M. n pH H 0 B b, Cb4HHeHHSI I 642 en. (Csi;TnHHa IV, 1894, 27): Jarri arrivammo qui in Sophia ... La citta

fu cosi anticamente chiamata dalla chiesa che ha fuori

Cs. Coqmo.

del Bazar detta Santa Soph ia, che oggi e ridotta in moschea de Turchi, conservandosi pen) una segreta Capella con molte reliquie di Santi, e li Turchi ·anno fatto ogni sforzo per entrarci. rna da mano ignota sono stati respinti, e alii Christiani non si permesse di tentarne l'ingresso, perche continuamente ci tengono una guardia, Ia quale asserisce d'aver piu volte udito voci di musica e suono di varii instrumenti.

1) Paulus Tafferner, Caesarea legatio etc. (rn . no-ropi; crp . 145, 3a6. 2) crp . 42: Tern plum ol im a Christiana pietate in modum crucis exstructum nunc pro infami 1'v\oschea deservit. In sacello obscure, devotissimo tam en a Divae virgin is icone illic sita, divina peracta : Huic Patrum Franciscanorum unus praeest curionis in vicem. •

'') Ricaut. Histoire de l'etat present de !'empire Ottoman, Cologne 1676, II 133: II y a un Temple, fait en forme de croix, change en une Mosquee, qui conserve

20

154

T~3~ ~3B~CT~~ no H~KaKbBb Ha4~Hb He MoraTb Aa ce np~BeAaTb Bb cbrnac~e Cb c~rypH~~

cpaKTb, ye Cs. Cocp~~ e 6~na no TOBa sp~Me rnaBHaTa TypcKa A)t{aMY1~ Bb Cocp~~ . .LJ,a ce AOnycHe,

Ye Bb Ta3~ A)t{aMY1~ e ~Mano ~ xp~CTY1~HCKY1 napaKnY1Cb, Bb Ko~ho ow,e ce e cny)t{~no, e a6comoTHO

HeBb3MO)t{HO. B~AY1 ce, Ye np~AaHYJeTo 3a H~KaKbBb CKpY1weHb napaKnY1Cb Bb Cs. Cocp~-1~ w,e e

61-1no npY14Y1HaTa, w,oTo TacpepHepb Aa CM~CY1 Ta3~ Ll,bpKBa Cb Apyra H~Ko~. Bb KO~To e cny)t{~nb

cppaHLI,Y1CKaHCKY1~Tb MOHaxb. KonKOTO ce OTHac~ AO caMoTo np~AaH~e. TO ce o6~cH~Ba necHo 4p~3b

C?Kw,eCTsysa w,~T~ Bb caMaTa Cs. CocpY1~ ~ OKOnHOCTbTa ~ .. nOA3eM~~" - CTapY1 rpo6H~LI,~, H~KO~

OTb KO~TO Ci'K 6~nY1 n03HaT~ B~pO~THO ~ Ha TOraBaWHOTO HaCeneH~e, 6e3b Aa Ce e 3Ha~no Ci'KW,Y1H

CKOTO ~Mb np~AHa3Ha4eH~e. Tosa H~W,O MO)t{e Aa Ce TBbpA~ nOHe 3a nOA3eM~eTO Bb np~AABep~eTO

Ha Cs. Cocp~~. Bb KOeTo, KaKTO BY1A~XMe, ctK HaM~peHY1 npY1 pa3KOnK~T~ Y1 TypcK~ np~AMeT~ (rn.

CTp. 35). Bnpo4eMb Y13rne)t{Ila, Ye B~pBaHeTO Bb noAo6HY1 .cKpY1WH~ napaKnY1c~. KaKcBTO on~csa

K~apoMaH~ Bb Cs. Cocp~~. e 61-1no Ha sp~MeTo c~ pa3npoCTpaHeHo ~ 3a Apyr~ Ll,bpKB~, o6bpHaTY1

omocn~ Bb A)t{aMY1~. TaKa Hanp. n?KTeWeCTBeHY1KbTb nonb niOKaCb pa3npaB~ 3a A)t{yMaHIOHb-A)t{a

M~c~. 6~BUJaTd rnaBHa Ll,bpKBa Cs. 6oropoA~LI,a Bb f\Aan~~ (Mana-f\3~~). 4e ~ Bb He~ ~Mano CKp~

weHb napaKnY1Cb, Bb KO~TO HY1KO~ MOXaMeAaHY1Hb He MO)t{anb Aa Bn~3e, nOHe)t{e BeAHara YM~panb. 1)

0Tb CJKW,~~ xapaKTepb e ~ np~naH~eTO 3a Cs. Cocp~~. cnopeAb KOeTo, KOnKOTO n?KT~ Typl.I,Y1T~ ce

on~TBanY1 Aa pa3pywaTb Ll,bpKBaTa, Y13M~pano no eAHO T~XHO C~Me~CTBO (rn. no-rop-b CTp. 149).

BCY14Kfl T~3Y1 B~pBaHY1~ He Ci'K HY1W,O Apyro, OCB~Hb Y13pa3b Ha Abn60KOTO pen~r~03HO 4YBCTBO Ha

HaceneH~eTO, KOeTO He e MOrno Aa ce nOM~pY1 Cb M~CbnbTa, 4e Typl.I,~T~ Ci'K MOrn~ Aa OCKBepH~BaTb

6e3HaKa3aHO, Ll,bpKBY1T~ ~ KOeTO 4p~3b nOA06HY1 nereHA~ e nOAil,bp)t{ano T~XHaTa CBeTOCTb, MaKapb

T~ ~ Aa Ci'K 6~nY1 06bpHaT~ Bb A)t{aM~~.

Me)t{AY n?KTeweCTBeHY1LI,Y1T~ OTb XVII B~Kb oCT a sa Aa cnoMeHeMb ow,e f\ H To H ~ 6 e He T ~

(1680 roA.), KO~To c?Kw,o nocsew,asa H~KonKo AYMY1 Ha Cs. CocpY1~. To~ ~ cnoMeHasa KaTo eAHa OTb

wecTbTE Ha~-xy6as~ A)t{aMY1Y1 Bb Cocp~-1~, .,KO~TO ~ AHeCb ow,e 6~ 61-1na Ha~-noYeTHOTO yKpaweH~e

Ha rpaAa, aKO npOM~HaTa Ha KynTa He 6~ 3aTbMH~na He~HaTa CB~Tn~Ha ". '")

Bbo6w,e Tp~6sa Aa ce 3a6~n~)t{Y1, Ye BC~4K~ n?KTeweCTBeH~LI,~ OTb XVII B~Kb rosop~Tb 3a

CB. CocpY1~ KaTO 3a eAHa TBbpA~ xy6asa A)t{aMY1~. KO~TO Y1Mb npas~na Abn60KO Bne4aTneHY1e. npY1

BCe TOBa T~ BC~4KY1 ce 3aAOBOn~BaTb Cb 06W,Y1 cppa3~, 6e3b Aa HY1 AaAaTb eAHO no-nOAp06HO on~

CaHY1e Ha crpaAaTa. EAHO TaKOBa on~caH~e HaM~paMe eABa OTb HaYanoTo Ha XVIII B~Kb y n?KTe

weCTBeHY1Ka lepapAb KopHenY1ycb cpOHb AeHb llp~wb, ceKpeTapb Ha nocnaH~Ka rpacpb

BY1pMOHAb (rn. no-ropt CTp. 116).

,lJ,pY1Wb ce e cnY1panb Bb Cocp~~ ABa n?KT~: BeAHa)t{b Ha OT~BaHe 3a L.lap~rpaAb, OTb 29

IOH~ AO 1 10nY1 1719 rGA., ~ BTOpY1 n?KTb Ha BpbW,aHe, OTb 27-31 Ma~ Cn~AH~Ta rGA~Ha. Bb HerOBO

sp~Me Cs. Cocp~~ ce e HaM~pana ow,e Bb nbnH~~ CY1 6n~CbKb KaTo A)t{aM~~. TaKa KaKTO CJK ~

BY1A~nY1 ~ n?KTeweCTBeHY1LI,~T~ OTb XVII B~Kb. ETo 3aw,o He~HOTo noAp06Ho onY1CaHY1e y llp~wa,

KOeTO e Bnp04eMb ~ eAY1HCTBeHOTO OTb T03Y1 pOAb, ~Ma 3a HaCb Y13BbHpeAHO ron~MO 3Ha4eH~e, no

KO~To np~4Y1Ha w,e ro npv!BeAeMb TYKb ~3LI,~no, KaTo ro CHa6AY1Mb Cb H~KOY1 no~cHY1TenH~ 6~n~)t{KY1.

Cn~Ab KaTo pa3Ka3Ba nereHAaTa 3a Cbrpa)t{AaHeTo Ha Cs. CocpY1~, KO~To np~AaAOXMe no

rop~ (CTp. 116) Y1 KaTo on~csa AOCTa noAp06Ho caMY1~ rpanb, .LJ,p~wb npOAbn)t{aBa: .,Cera HeKa ce

OTnpaB~Mb OTb rpaAa Bb Ll,bpKBaTa, KO~TO, KaKTO Ka3BaTb, e 6~na CbrpaAeHa Ci'KW,O OTb cnOMeHa

TaTa no-rop~ CocpY1~. ::) He~H~~Tb KOB4erb 6~nb ce HaM~panb ~ AOCera Bb eAY1Hb CBOAb Bb ropH~Ta

encore une petite Chapelle fort obscure, ou est une image de Ia Vierge, qu'on y honnore sous Ia presidence d'un Pere de l'ordre de Saint Fran<;ois: ou I'Fimbassadeur voulut qu'on celebrat le cervice divin. ln. ~a rosa CbYHtieHHe no-rapt. crp. 145 3a6. 2.

1) Vo1age du Sieur Paul Lucas, fait par ordre du roi dans Ia Grece, I'Fisie Mineure, Ia Macedoine et

I'Fifrique, Paris 1712, I 314 en. ~) Flntonio Benetti, Osservazioni fatte ... nel

viaggio a Constantinopoli dell'lllustriss. et Eccelent. Sig.

Gio. Battista Donado spedito Bailo alia Porta Ottomana

l'anno 1680, Venezia 1688,1 crp. 179: L'adornano (Soffia) sedeci Moschee, dieci inferiori e sei superbissime, in una delle quali era per avanti il Tempio dedicato a Santa Soffia, che sarebbe anco in hoggi il piu venerabile splendore del luogo, se non gli havesse ad om brata Ia luce il cambiamento del culto.

::) llyMara e 3a nereHnapHara npHHueca CocpH51, K051TO 6f1na y)l{b cecrpa Ha )l{eHara Ha HMneparopa

t0crf1Ha II; rn. no-rapt. crp. 117.

Cs. CocpHS! np-t3b XVIII si;Kb 155

YaCTb Ha U.bpKBaTa 1-1 OTb Hero, cnopeAb co6CTBeHOTO npH3HaHHe Ha TYPU.HT"t, ce pa3npoCTpaH51Banb

TBbpAi:; npH51TeHb MHpHCb. Q6aye KOBYerbTb He MO>H.e BeYe ,[l,a Ce Bl-1,[1,1-1, nOHe>H.e e 3a3HAaHb Cb

CT"tHa. Ti:; (TypU.HTi:;) CYHTaTb, Ye Bb Hero Tp"t6sa Aa HMa H"tw,o 60>H.eCTBeHO, no K051TO npHYHHa Ti:;

cFK HaKnOHH!-1 Aa nOYHTaTh TOBa T"tno. KaKTO BHAbTb Ha crpaAaTa, TaKa "' Hei1HaTa cpopMa, pa3-

np"tA"tneHHe, Kopa6b, anrapHa YaCTb 1-1 APYrH noA06HH, noKa3BaTb, ye T51 e cny>~<.Hna no-paHo Ha

xpHCTH51HHT"t Ja UbpKOBHaTa HMb cny>~<.6a; o6aYe He MO>H.e na ce oma>H.e, ye t<ynara (MHHapero) 1-1

CBOAbTb, KOi-iTO ne>H.H no Hero, 1) cFK CbrpaAeHH OTb TYPU.HT"t. U"tnara UbpKsa e nocrnaHa Cb Hai1-

xy6asH por03KH HJll-1 nOCTHJlKH OTb TpbCTHKa (acbpH) ; a Ha H3TOKb, ,[J,i:;TQ HaWHTi:; npaA"tAH CFK na-

3"tJ1H CBeTHTi:; TaHHCTBa, ce BH>H.,[l,a rpo6bTb Ha apXHJlb>t<el.l,a MoxaMe.!lb; TaMb Ce HaMHpaTb 1-1 MHOrO

OTb HerOBHTi:; Jlb>H.JlHBI-1 CJlOBa. Bbpxy nOAa TYKb-TaMt CFK nOCTJlaHH OBYH KO>H.l-1, Cb KOHTO CH cny

>H.aTb 3acrap"tn1-1 1-1 3HaTHH JlHL.l,a, 3a ,[l,a He noCTpa,!l,aTb OTb CTyAeHaTa ~eM51 1-1 OTb H3XO,[l,51W,HT"t OTb

He51 H3napeHH51, KOraTO Jle>H.aTb Cb KpbCTOCaHH t<paKa Ha l.l,i:;JJQTO

npa3,[l,HHKb l.l,i:;J1H51Tb nO,[J,b Ce nOKpHBa Cb nepCHi-iCKI-1 KHJlHMI-1. " '1)

, I n n ~ \ J 0-HaTaTblH.aM!-151 Bb CocpH51, Bb Ta3VI Ha MaxMyAb nawa. T"t3H KHJlHMH 6HnH MHoro CTapH, OTb 176 rOAHHH,

1-1 TOJ11<03b AbJlrVI, Ye CTHraJJVI OTb e,[l,HHI-151 t<pai-1 Ha .LI>H.aMH51Ta AO Apyrl-151. Cn"tAb TOBa ,lJ,pHWb npo

AbJl>H.aBa: ,Bb AB"tT-t A»<aMHH (sb Cs. Cocp~-151 1-1 Bb Ta3H Ha MaXMYAb·nawa) ce HaMHparb ABa aM

BOHa, OTb KOHTO Abp>H.aTb 06Ht<HOReHHTi:; p"tYH HJll-1 nponoB"tAH l<bMb Hapo,[J,a . EAHHH51Tb OTb T"tXb,

Cb KO~TO CH cny>H.aTb BC"tt<H ,[l,eHb, e nO-HHCbt<b 1-1 e HanbJlHeHb Cb ant<opaHa, Cb HerOBHTi:; TbJ1t<y

BaHVI51 1-1 Cb MHOrO MOJlHTBeHVI KHHrH ;:;) a ApyrH51Tb, Ha t<Oi1TO Ce KaYBaTb no MHOrO CTFKnana, e no

BHCOKb 1-1 e not<pHTb orropt Cb enHa t<opoHa. ~) H t<at<TO OTb nbpBH51 ce npOYHTaTb 3a6ny>~<.AeHH51Ta

1-1 cpanWHBHTi:; yYeH!-151 Ha Ti:;XHI-151 Jlb>H.JlHBb npopOt<b, TaKa BTOpH51Tb 1-1Mb cny>H.H 3a T"tXHHTi:; npono

si:;,[J,l-1. ,LJ,o T03H nponoB"tAHHYeCKH aMBOHb HMawe caMO s ·b nbpBaTa A>H.aMH51 (r. e. caMo Bb Cs. CocpHS!)

e,[l,Ha CTa51, npi:;rpaAeHa Cb AbpBeHH peWeTKH, K051TO e Ha e,!l,HO CTFKnano nO-BHCOKO OTb OCTa

HaJlaTa YaCTb Ha UbpKBaTa; T51 e nOCTJlaHa 1-1 nOKpHTa no CT"tHHTt Cb MaTepHH VI e npi:;,!l,Ha3HaYeHa

3a BeJlHKI-151 Be3Hpb HJll-1 3a ApyrH naWVI, KOraTO npHCFKTCTBysaTb; a nbKb VI Bb ,[J,Bi:;Ti:; (A>H.aMVIVI) e

HanpaseHo no enHo 3aTsopeHo OTA"tneHVIe 3a >~<.eHHT"t. H3o6w.o HVITO Bb Ta3VI (Cs. CocpV151), HVITO Bb

Apyra H"tt<051 ,[l,>H.aMVI51 w,e ce HaM"tp51Tb H"tt<at<BVI yKpaweHI-151, OCB"tHb H"tt<OJli<O BVIC51W,VI Ha CBO,!l,OBeTi:;

Bb cpopMa Ha KpFKrb KaH,[J,VIJla, OTb KOVITO YeCTO VIMa no H"tt<OJlKO Ha e,[l,HO MtCTO, a TaKa CFKW,O 3a-

6i:;n"t3BaTb Ce CTbi<Jla, n03JlaTeHVI TOnKVI, 51i.il.l,a OTb t<aMVIJlCKVI nTVIL.l,VI VI MYCKaTOBVI op"tXVI OTb He06VI-

1) noHe»<e MHHapero ce e HaMHpano Ha IOH<Hara CTpaHa Ha npt,nusepHeTO, TO BbnpOCHHS!Tb CBOl!b e st,p051THO T03H Ha caMoro nptunaep~-te, Koi1To H nocera e 3ana3Hnb csoll rypcKH xapaKrepb (rn. CTp. 38).

~)Gerard Cornelius von den Driesch, Historische Nachricht von der Rom. Kayser!. Gross-Botchafft nach Constantinopel etc., (rn. no-rapt, CTp. 116 3a6. 3 ).

NGrnberg 1723, crp. 100: Nun wollen wir uns aus der Stadt in die Kirche begeben, welche ebenfalls von obgedachter Sophia, wie sie vorgeben, erbauet worden. Darinnen soli ihr Sarg noch bis auf diese Stunde in dem obern Theil mitten in einem Gewolb aufgehalten werden. und daraus ein sehr angenehmer Geruch, nach der TOrken eigenen Gestandnis, herfGr gehen; doch kan man denselbigen nicht mehr sehen, weil er mit einer Mauern verbauet ist: sie halten dafGr, dass etwas Gottliches darinnen mGsse verborgen seyn, weswegen sie auch zu Verehrung dieses Corpers bewogen werden. Es zeiget so wol die Flrt des Gebaues, als dessen Gestalt, Eintheilung, Schiff, Sacristey und anderes, dass dieselbige ehmaln den en Christen zu ihrem Gottesdienst gedienet ha be; jedoch ist nicht zu laugnen. dass der Thurn und die daran liegende Gewolbe von den TGrken aufgebauet worde~. Die ganze Kirche ist mit dem feinsten Matten oder

Decken von Binzen belegt, in derselbigen vber gegen Orient, wo unsere Vorfahren das Flllerheiligste aufbehal· ten hatten, ist das Grab des Erz-BetrGgers Muhamet zu

sehen, und viele von desselben IGgenhaften Schrifften daselbst zu finden. Fluf dem Esterrich liegen hin und wieder Schafs-Haute, deren sich verlebte und vornehme Personen bedienen, damit sie nicht, wann sie mit tiber einander geschlagenen FOssen mit dem ganzen Leib auf der Erden liegen, von dem kalten Boden und dessen heraus steigenden Dampfen schaden nehmen. Fin einem hohen Fest wird der ganze Boden mit Persianischen Teppichen belegt.

::) llyMaTa e 3a M1-1Xpa6a Ha l!H<aMHS!Ta, KOHTO Bb api;MeTO Ha llpHwa rpi;6sa na ce e HaMHpanb Bb caMara ancHna Ha UbpKsara. CerawHHS!Tb MHxpa6b, srpaneHb Bb rypcKara cri;Ha nOl!b rpHyMcpanHara apKa (rn. o6p. 18), e OHnb HanpaBeHb, KaKTO we BHl!HMb, Bb nO-HOBO a pi; Me.

1) TyKb llpHUJb rosopH 3a MHM6apa Ha nH<aMHS!Ta, KOHTO, nOCTpOeHb ui;nb OTb KaMbKb, e 3ana3eHb H l!Ocera, Cb H3Klll04eHHe Ha cr?ilnanara MY (rn. o6p. 18 Bb necHo). ,KopoHara" He e HHWO npyro, ocai;Hb o6nHS!Tb noKpHBb Ha MHM6apa. KOHTO HaHCTHHa nO cpopMaTa CH Hanono6S!sa KopoHa.

20*

156 VlcropHS! Ha UbpKsara Cs. Cmjmst

KHoseHa ron-tMJ.1Ha; (1-1Ma ow,e) e,D,Ha yewMa 3a MJ.1eHe, ') 6aKbpeHJ.1 cseTJ.1llHJ.1l.I,J.1 Cb socbYeHJ.1 cs-tw,1-1,

rpo6bTb Ha MoxaMe,D,a, p1-1cysaHb sbpxy e,D,Ha ra6na, KaKro e Sb MeKa; nJi'.TbTb 3a pa51 1-1 3a a,D,a;

xpacrer-t, KOJ.1TO 61-111b noca,D,J.1llb apX1-1llb>J<el.l,blh 1-1 KOJ.1TO, cnope,D,b MH-tHJ.1ero Ha noseYero rypl.l,l-1,

1-1 ,D,O,D,HeCb 61-1111-1 3eneHJ.1; 1-1 Hai-1-nocn-t 11MeHaTa Ha r-txHJ.1T-t Yer1-1p1-1 Hai1-rnasHJ.1 YYJ.1TenJ.1 f\6y6eKepb,

0Mapb, OcMaHb 1-1 Xan1-1, 1-1111-1 H-BKOI-1 J.13sn-tYeHJ.151 OTb anKopaHa, Han1-1caHJ.1 Cb ron-BMI-1 6yKsJ.1 KOll

KOTO npbCTb J.1 JlaKbTb, KOJ.1TO pa351CH51Salb OUJ,e noseYe CnOMeHaTJ.1T-t OTb MeHe no·ropi:, H"hw,a" .:!)

Orb AYMJ.1T-t Ha ,IJ.p1-1wa ce ycraHOB51Sa np-B,D,l-1 SCJ.1YKO e,D,HO rsbp,D,-t sa>J<HO 3a J.1CTOp1-151Ta Ha

Cs. Cocp1-151 o6crmnencTBo, a J.1MeHHO, Ye Sb Heroso sp-tMe anCJ.1,D,aTa Ha l.l,bpKsara ow,e He e 61-1na

Cb6opeHa. Tor::! cnoMeHasa 1-13p1-1YHO anrapHara YaCTb (caKp1-1CTJ.151Ta), 6naro,D,apeHJ.1e Ha K051TO, 3ae,D,HO

Cb ,D,pyrJ.1T-t OC06HOCTJ.1 Ha Crpa,D,aTa, Ce SJ.1>J<,D,allO, Ye HI e 61-111a nbpSOHaYallHO Xp1-1CTJ.151HCKJ.1 xpaMb.

Orb no,D,po6Horo on1-1caHJ.1e Ha BJi'.Tp-twHOCTbTa Ha ,D,>J<aMJ.151Ta .e 51SHO, ye T5l He ce e OTllJ.1Yasana

CJi'.w,ecrseHo OTb ,D,pyr1-1r-t no-ron-tMI-1 ,D,>J<aMJ.1J.1. CaMo e,D,HO H-tw,o e J.1Mano Sb Cs. Cocp1-151 noseYe:

rnel.I,J.1allHOTO or,D,-tneHJ.1e, np-trpa,D,eHo Cb peweTKa, np-tuHa3HaYeHo 3a senJ.1KJ.151 se31-1pb 1-1111-1 3a H-t

KOr::i APYrb nawa, KOHTO e ,D,OXa>J<,D,anb Sb Cocpl-151. Cn-t,D,I-1 OTb rosa or,D,-tneHJ.1e, a J.1MeHHO J.13,D,HrHaroro

CTJi'.nano, 6-t 3ana3eHo ,D,O Haii-Hoso sp-tMe, np-t,D,I-1 ,D,a ce noYHaTb pa3KOnKJ.1T-t. CrJi'.nanoro ce Ha

M!-1pawe sb JO>J<Hara YaCTb Ha Hanp-BYHI-151 Kopa6b, 3anoYsawe orb MJ.1M6apa Ha ,D,>J<aMJ.151Ta 1-1 or1-1sawe

Sb JOro-3ana,D,HO HanpasneHJ.1e no ,D,J.1aroHana ,D,O caMI-151 JOro-3ana,D,eHb Ji'.rbnb Ha Kopa6a, Karo pa3·

,D,i;n51we no T03J.1 HaYJ.1Hc JO>J<Hara MY YaCTb Ha ,D,s-t rp1-1JhrbllHJ.1 nonosJ.1HJ.1. Or,D,-tneHHero 3a se31-1pa

e 3aeMano no T03J.1 HaYJ.1Hb JOrO-J.13TOYHJ.151 Ji'.rbllb Ha Hanp-BYHI-151 Kopa6b. Bb Hero ce e SllJ.13illO Ha

npaRo OTSbHb np-B3b sparara, ocraseHa Sb JO>J<Hara cr-BHa Ha Kopa6a, np-BAb K051TO cera ce HaM1-1pa

MO,D,epHara ,D,bpseHa CTbn6a (rn. o6p. 1 1-1 ran. II 1-1 Ill). Cn-t,D,oBarenHo 1-1 sb rosa orHoweHJ.1e onJ.1-

caHJ.1ero Ha ,lJ.p1-1Wa ce yKa3sa CbSbpWeHO TOYHO. (Jhw,ecrsysaHeTO Ha SbnpOCHOTO OT,D,-tlleHJ.1e HJ.1

noKa3sa ocs-tHb rosa, Ye Cs. Cocpl-151 1-1 np-t3b XVIII s-tKb e npOAbll>J<asana ,D,a 6Jh,D,e rnasHa ,D,>t<a

Ml-151 sb Cocpt151, Karo KaKsaro T51 ce cnoMeHasa ow,e Sb 1621 ro,D,. OTb nJi'.rewecrseHJ.1Ka K.ypMeHJ.1Hb

(rn. crp. 152).

Orb XVIII s-BKb HaM!-1paMe caMo ow,e e,D,HO J.13B-BCTJ.1e 3a Cs. Cocp1-151 Sb nJi'.TOnJ.1Ca Ha cppeH

CKI-151 nocnaHJ.1Kb c e H b- n p J.1 c Tb, KOHTO MJ.1Hallb np-B3b Cocp!-151 Ha 11 J.1 12 OKTOMSpl-1 1768 ro,D,.

,Har::i-J.1HrepecHa 3a e,D,J.1Hb xp1-1CTJ.151HJ.1Hb e ,D,>J<aMJ.151Ta, H-tKora l.l,bpKsa, nocsereHa Ha cs. Cocp!-151;

Ka3SaTb, Ye Sb Ta3J.1 Crpa,D,a nbpS1-1Ti:, OCHOBJ.1 6J.1JlJ.1 OCTaHalll-1 OTb rbpl.I,J.1T-t. V13BJi'.Tpi:, ,D,>J<aMJ.151Ta e

MHOro YJ.1CTa J.1 fl0Kp1-1Ta Cb por03KJ.1. no cpi;,D,aTa, OTb ,D,eCHa CTpaHa, Ce SJ.1>J<,D,a e,D,HO 3arpa,D,eHO

M-tCTO, flO,D,J.1rHaTO Ha 10 CTJi'.nana: TaMb Ce na3J.1 aJlKOpaHbTb.:1) ropH51Ta (1-13TOYHaTa) YaCTb Ha T03J.1

1) Ta3H YewMa ce e HaMHpana st,postTHO Bb npt,u

nsepHero Ha ubpKsara; rn. crp. 36.

~) Driesch, UHT. CbY. crp. 101: In beiden Moscheen stunden zwey Predigt-Sti.ihle, von welchen sie die gewohnlichen Reden oder Predigten an das Yolk halten: davon der eine etwas niedrig , als dessen sie sich taglich bedienen, und mit dem f\Jcoran und dessen P.uslegern, auch v ielen andern Bet-Bi.ichern angefi.illet ist; der andere aber erhabener und oben mit einer Cron bedeckt, auf welchen man durch viele Staffeln steiget; und wie von jenen ihres li.igenhaften Propheten lrrthi.imer und falsche Lehren verlesen werden: also muss dieser zu ihren predigen dienen. Neben diesem Predigt-Stul war nur in der ersten Moschee ein mit holzernen Gegitter vermachtes Zimmer, welches um eine Staffel hoher als der i.ibrige Theil der Kirche, auch mit Tapezereyen behang! und belegt, und zum Dienst des Gross-Vizirs, oder andern Baschen, wann sie zugegen, ausersehen ist; in beiden aber ein Verschlag fi.ir die Weiber gemacht. lm i.ibrigen wird man weder in dieser noch einiger andern Moschee

etwas von Zierrath finden, ausser etwan etliche in Gestalt eines Circuls in den Gewolben herum hangende Rmpeln , deren oft mehr bey einander sind, und von Glasern, verguldeter. Kugeln, Straussen-Eyern, Muscatni.issen von seltsamer Grosse, unterschieden werden; einen Brunnen zum waschen, kupferne mit Wachs-Lichtern versehene Leuchter, des Muhamets auf eine Tafel gemahltes Grab, wie es in der Mecha zu sehen; der Weg zum Paradeiss und zur Hollen ; die Stauden, so der Erz-Betri.iger gepflanzet haben, und nach der mehresten Ti.irken Meinung noch heut zu Tage gri.inen solle; und endlich auch des f\bbubecker, Omar, Osman, Hali, als ihrer vier vornehmsten Lehrer Namen, oder einige aus dem f\lcoran gezogene und mit Finger-und Ehlen-langen Buchstaben geschriebenen Stellen, welche die von mir oben angezogene

Stucke noch mehr erlautern.

H) Tosa Mi;cro He MO)!{e na 6rr:.ue npyro, ocst,Hb MHM6apbTb, Koiho caMo MO)!{e na HMa T011K03b crrr:.nana. Cnopenb ilpHwa, KaKTO BHni;xMe (crp. 155), anKopaHbTb ce e naJi;nb Bb MHxpa6a.

Cs. Cocjm11 Bb Ha'-lanoro Ha XIX s"tKb 157

XpC.Mb e OT6t,ni:;3aHa Cb ManKa HVIWa, KOnKOTO 40Bt,WKVI pbCTb; 1) ,IJ,O HeSI OTb ,IJ,Bi:;Tt, H CTpaHVI Ce

HaMVIpaTb ront,MVI MaCVIBHVI csi:;w,HVILJ,VI OTb 6aKbpb. H3oKono no CTi:;HaTa ce HaMVIparb MHoro-

6poi1HVI Ha,IJ,nVICVI, V13nVICaHVI Cb YepHO; OH3VI, KOHTO yMi:;e ,IJ,a fVI np04VITa, MO>I<e no Ti:;Xb na Bb3npo

VI3Be,IJ,e HaH-xy6aBVI CTVIXOBe OTb anKOpaHa". 2)

OnVICaHVIeTo Ha Cs. CocpVIS!, Koero HVI ,IJ,asa CeHb-npVICTb, ,IJ,OnbnHSI VI nOSICH>tBa caMo Bb Hi:;KOVI

T04KVI OnVICaHVIeTO Ha D,p!!wa, KaTO Hanp. 3a 6aKbpeHVITt, CBi:;TVInHVILJ,VI OTCTpaHVI Ha MV1Xpa6a,

6e3b ,IJ,a HVI ,IJ,asa Hi:;w,o CJKW,eCTBeHO HOBO. 8VI,IJ,VI Ce, Ye ,IJ,H<aMVISITCl no TOBa spi:;Me He w,e ,IJ,a e npi:,

Tbpnl;na Ht,KOVI 3Ha4VITenHVI npoMi:;HVI VI Ce e HaMVIpana Ow,e 13b ,IJ,06po CbCTOSIHVIe.

E,IJ,sa 70 ro,IJ,VIHVI nO-KbCHO HaMVIpaMe naK"b Vl3si:;cTVISI 3a u,bpKsara y no3HaT11SI ¢peHCKVI

yYeHb nJKrewecrseHVIKb R M VI 6 y e, KOHTO e nJKrysanb V13b EsponeMCKa Typu,VISI OTb 1836-1838 r.

Toii e nVIcanb ,IJ,sa nJKTVI 3a Cs. CocpVISI. Bb no-craporo CVI Cb4VIHeHVIe cbo6wasa, Ye ,anrapHaTa

YaCTb Ha crpaAaTa e ocraHana HeAOBbpweHa VIII VI nbKb e 6VIna pa3pyw·eHa ornocnt," .a) Bb rnasHoro

CVI Cb4VIHeHVIO 6ye o6pbW,a BHVIMaHVIe Ha ApyrVI OC06HOCTVI Ha U,bpKBaTa . ,(rapara KaTe,IJ,pana Ha

CocpVIS! Bb MVI3VISI e o6bpHaTa cJKw,o Bb ,IJ,H<aMVISI. TSI e TBbpAt, roni:;Ma VI VIMa ¢opMaTa Ha KpbCTb,

4VIVITO KpaMw,a ce VI3,IJ,as;nb TBbpAt, ManKo; anrapbTb e KpJKrbnb, o6aYe APYfVITt, Kpaiiw,a cJK YeT

BbpT11TVI, a OTnpi:;,IJ,b Ha Crpa,IJ,aTa VIMa OTb sci:;Ka CTpaHa no e,IJ,HO ManKO 4eTHbpTVITO OT,IJ,i:;neHVIe,

KOeTO Vl3nVI3a HaBbHb OTb OCTaHanaTa 4aCTb Ha 3,IJ,aHVIeTO. KaM6at!apVIS1 Ht,Ma VI Bb06we Vl3rneH<,IJ,a,

Ye u,bpt<sara He e 6VIna Cbsci:;Mb ,IJ,OBbpweHa" .~)

Orb ri:;3VI csi:;,IJ,t,HVISI Ha 6ye ce ycraHOBSIBaTb rnasHO ,IJ,Ba cpaKTa: nbpso, Ye anCI1,IJ,aTa Ha

U,bpKBaTa e 6VIna Be4e Cb6opeHa, VI BTOpO, Ye CTpaHV14HVITt, OT,IJ,i:;neHVISI Ha npi:;,IJ,,IJ,BepVIeTO, MaKapb

VI npi:,npaseHVI, see owe rpi:;6sa ,IJ,a CJK cJKw,ecrsysanVI no rosa spi:;Me. Ocsi:;Hb rosa rpi:;6sa ,IJ,a e

6VIno Cb6opeHo seYe VI MVIHapero Ha ,IJ,H<aMVISITa, noHeH<e 6ye He caMo ye He ro cnoMeHasa, HO KaTo

rosopVI 3a nVIncara Ha KaM6aHapVIS1, He Ka3sa noHe, ye TSI e 6VIna 3aMi:;creHa Cb rypcKOTO MVIHape.

(b APYfVI AYMVI KbMb 1836-1838 rO,IJ,VIHa ,IJ,H<aMVISITa e 6VIna seye CVInHO nospi:;,IJ,eHa 4pt,3b Cb6apS1-

HeTO Ha u,i:,nVI YaCTVI OTb HeSI. Tt,3VI nospi:;,IJ,VI CJK MOfiiVI ,IJ,a 6~,IJ,aTb npV14VIHeHVI CaMO OTb KaTaCTpO

cpanHOTO 3a CocpV151 3eMnerpeceHVIe, KOeTo ce e cnyYVIno Ha 23 MapTb 1818 ro,IJ,VIHa. Csi:;,IJ,t,HVISI 3a

TOBa 3eMnerpeceHVIe HaMVIpaMe Bb npVInVICKVITt, Ha CTapVI U,bpKOBHVI KHVIfVI. ETO Hanp. KaKb TO e

onVIcaHo Bb npVInVICKaTa Ha e,IJ,HO esaHrenVIe, neYaTaHo Bb PycVISI npi:;3b XVIII st,Kb: , 1818 Meceu,b

anpVInVIaG) 23 ,IJ,eHb 3HaTVI ce Kora ce rpVICVI 3eMHara y cy6ora Ha 2 VI nonb caxaro, roneMb crpaxb

6ewe, MHOfO 6VIHVI VI ,IJ,H<aMVIVI nona,IJ,aXa, >KeWKVI VI CTy,IJ,eHVI BO,IJ,VI CTaHaxa OTb na3apVIU,a ,IJ,O CBeTVI

To,IJ,opb TVIpOHb, norosa nocne ocw,e Kapa ,IJ,O cseTVI HnVIa, ra ce TVIpCVI nocne YVIKb npeTb Manara

6oropo,IJ,VIu,a; y ca6ora Ha ,IJ,Ba caxaro, rorae ce MVIHa ManKO speMe, ra Hacrper ( cpi:;w,y) 6aHa 6a

WVIa VI3Bpe >~<ewKa so,IJ,a, ra HanpaBVI CenVIMb nawa we,IJ,VIpBaHe (wa,IJ,pasaHVI) npVI rypcKara 6aHSI VI

Ha 6awYewMa Haca,IJ,VI BV1p6V1 (sbp6V1) VI yewMaTa HanpasVI (cb) 2 wonKVI (YyYypa), VI nocne Kapa

1) Ta3H HHWa rp-t6sa na e MHxpa6bTb Ha n)!{aMHSITa, MaKapb TOH o6HKHOBeHO na e ManKO nO-BHCOKb OTb '-lOB"tWKH pbCTb.

2) ni'ii.TOnHCbTb Ha CeHb-npHCTa e o6HaponsaHb caMo Bb np-tsonb, cnopenb enHHb np"tm1cb OTb opHrHHanHH51 prii.KOnHCb Bb ¢peHcKoro nocnaHcrso Bb UapH· rpanb, OTb Cr. HosaKOBHh, ronHWihHUa HHKOne 4ynHha XVII, 1897, crp. 145-165, omtro (crp. 156 en.) 3aeMaMe H rOpHOTO H3Bn"t'-leHHe. nocO'-JBaHeTO Ha T03H ni'il.rewecrseHHKb nbn)j{a Ha npo¢. Hop. 11saHOBb. Bb caMoro Cb'-lHHeHHe Ha CeHb-npHcra Bbpxy nocnaHH'-lecrsoro MY Bb UapHrpanb (Saint-Priest, Memoires sur l'ambassade de France en Turquie et sur le commerce des Franr;:ais dans le Levant, Paris 1871) BbnpocHHSITb ni'il.ronHcb He e o6HaponsaHb.

:1) F\ m i B o u e, Recueil d ' itineraires dans Ia Turquie d'Europe, Vienne 1854, I 66: L'ancienne cathedrale bulgare de Sophie est placee a l'extremite orientale de Ia

ville, ce qui semble indiquer que Sophie a ete jadis plus grande. La partie du chceur de cet edifice n 'a pas ete achevee ou a ete detruite posterieurement, le devant est depourvu de toute elegance et il n 'y a pas non plus d'ornemens exterieurs. Les Turcs en ont fait une mosquee et l'ont peut-etre retouchee.

~) f\mi Boue, La Turquie d'Europe, Paris 1840, II 379: L'ancienne cathedrale de Sophie, en Mcesie, est devenue aussi une mosquee. Elle est assez grande et a Ia forme d 'une croix, avec des extremites tres peu proeminentes; le chceur est rond, mais les autres extremites sont carrees, et sur le devant du batiment il y a de

chaque cote une petite part ie carn'!e en saillie sur le reste de I' edifice. II n'y a pas de clocher, et il parait meme que I' eg lise n 'a pas ete achevee en entier.

'') 11Mero Ha M-tceua, KaKro ce BH}f{na OTb H36poeHHT-t npa3nHHUH, e norp-tweHO. 8b npHnHCKaTa, KOSITO cnoMeHasaMe no-non-5, croH M-tceub Maprb.

158 HcTOPf-151 Ha UbpHsaTa Cs CocjJM5!

AO HOBYI eBeTYI leopr1-1" .1) Bb Apyra eAHa npYinYieKa Ha eAYIHb ne4aTaHb MY!Hei1 OTb 1778 fOAYIHa,

Bb K051TO 3eMneTpeeeHYieTo ee AaTY!pa Ha 23 MapTb 1818 rOA-, ee enoMeHaBa, Ye TO Tpa51no u,i>n1-1

eAYIHaAeeeTb Mi>eeu,a 1-1 ye Torasa ee eb6op1-1n1-1 8 A>t<aMYIYI, YeWMYITi> npi>CTaHanYI 1-1 6aHYITi> npi>

ebxHanl-1.2)

Hi>Ma HYIKaKBO ebMHi>HYie, Ye Torasa e noCTpaAana 1-1 Cs. Coqm51, K051TO, KaKTO BYIAi>xMe

(CTp. 157), KbMb Kpa51 Ha XVIII Bi>Kb ee e HaMY!pana ow,e Bb A06po ebeT051HYie. Cni>Ab 3eMneTpe

eeHYieTo ee e YI3BbpWY1na Ha6bp3o 1-1 He6pi>>t<HO nonpasKaTa Ha A>t<aMYI51Ta. Torasa e 61-1na ebrpa

AeHa TypeKaTa CTi>Ha nOAb TPYIYMcpanHaTa ap1<a (rn. CTp. 14 en.), Tbi1 Ye aneY!AaTa Ha u,bpKBaTa,

K051TO Tpi>6sa Aa e 61-1na ebBei>Mb pa3pyweHa, e 61-1na oeTaBeHa seYe BbHb oTb erpaAaTa. Bbo6w,e

OTb TOBa Bpi>Me AaTY!paTb nonpaBKYITi>, I<OYITO MOraTb Aa ee npYinYIWaTb Ha 4eTBbpTY151 CTpOY!TeneHb

nepY!OAb (rn. CTp. 23). KaKTO noKa3BaTb Ti>3YI nonpaBKYI, noCTpaAanYI em np1-1 3eMneTpeeeHY!eTo

He eaMO aneYIAaTa Y1 MYIHapeTO, HO TaKa eJKW,O Yl APYfYITt, CTi>H~, Oe06HYI BbHWHYITi> CTi>HYI Ha CTpa

HYI4HYITi> 1<0pa61-1 (ep. CTp. 19 en.) Kora em 61-1n1-1 eBbpWeHYI nonpaBKYITi> Ha A>t<aMYI51Ta, He MO>t<e Aa

ee Ka>t<e. Ha sei>KYI enyYai1 noHe MYIHapeTO, KaKTO Yl3rne>t<Aa OTb Ay MY!Ti> Ha 6ye, KbM'b 1836-1838 r.

OW,e He e 61-1n0 Y13AYifHaTO HaHOBO.

06p. 137. ~ Cs. CocjJM51 cnopenb pMcyHHaTa 11a Ka1mua.

Bb TaKOBa nono>t<eHY!e ee e HaMY!pana Cs. Cocpl-151, KoraTo npi>3b IOHYI 1844 roA. T51 e 61-1na

noei>TeHa OTb pyeKI-151 yYeHb B. r p Yl r 0 p 0 B Yl 4 b. 3a >t<anoeTb lpY1rOpOBYI4b He e 6Yinb AOnyeHaTb

Aa pa3rneAa A>t<aMYI51Ta no-noApo6Ho, no K051TO npY14YIHa Toi1 H OTAi>n51 eaMo Hi>KonKo AYMYI, OTb

KOYITO see naKb ee BYI>t<Aa, Ye TypeKaTa eTi>Ha nOAb TPYIYMcpanHaTa apKa no TOBa spi>Me e 61-1na

Be4e ebrpaAeHa.')

no TOBa Bpi> Me e MY!Hanb npi>3b Cocp!-151 Yl aHrnY!i1eKYI51Tb nJKTeweeTBeHYIKb E AMy H A b

C n e He e p b, Koi1To eJKw,o rosop1-1 3a Cs Cocp!-151, o6a4e eaMo Cb ebsei>Mb o6w,1-1 cppa3YI 3a xy6asaTa

H apxYITeKTypa, no K051TO npY14YIHa ro LI,YITY!paMe TYKn eaMo 3a nbnHOTa.~)

II ln. Xp. n. i{OHCTaiiTf1HOBb, nMieTHf-1 6-1;n-l;}!{l{f-1 3a Cp-tneub, Bb nep. Cnf1C. VIII. 1884. 127

~) E. C n p ocT p a HoB b, 6-tn-5}\{Hf-1 H npHnf1CHf1 no coqmficHMT-5 UbpHBM, C6opH. 3a Hap. yMoTB. XXII~

XXIII, 1906 7, 12. :;) B. r p f1 r 0 p 0 B f1 'l b, QyepHb nyTewecTBi51 no

esponeficHofi TypuiM, 2-po M3n. MocHsa 1877, CTp. 135: Flf151-Cocpi51 (MeYeTb) - 3naHie, noCTpoeHHoe Bb napannenorpaMMb, BeCbMu CXOilHa Cb OXpMilCHOIO CB. (ocpieiO. E51 BOCTOYHa51 YaCTb, T. e. TO M-5CTO, rn-1; 6blnb anTapb, 3anO}!{eHa CT-5HOIO.

1) Edmund Spencer, Travels in European Tur-

Key in 1850, London 1851, II 375 en.: The great mosque is the finest specimen now existing of the architecture of the Bulgarians. Previous to the TurHish conquest, it bore the name of San Sophia and liHe that at Constantinople, was dedicated to the Holy Trinity. The Bulgarians were so proud of their cathedral, and its magnificence so justly celebrated, that the name of the town was changed from Serdice to Sophia. - CneHcepb (II 373) pa3-

npas5l H enHa TBbpn-5 noeTMYHa nereHna 3a ocHosasaHeTo Ha rpana CocpM5! OTb Cepm1Ha, nbwep5! Ha H:lMpM5!. Ta3H nereHna o6aYe M3rne}\{na na e H3MHcneHa OTb ca

MH5l ni'hTeweCTBeHMHn.

Pa 3pyw eHHero Ha Cs. Cocjm11 159

HacKopo, Ha 18 cenTeMBpl-1 1858 ron., CTaHano OTHOBO roni:.Mo 3eMneTpeceHHe Bb Cocp!-151 . 1)

f<"\e>«ny Cb6opeHHTi:. cera crpan1-1 ce cnoMeHall<l H3p1-14HO 1-1 Cs. Cocp1-151 KaTo CH51YWb·n>«aMH51.:!) Hei1-

HOTo CbOap51He e OnHCaHO nonpOOHO, Bi:.p051THO cnopenb pa3Ka3a Ha CTapl-1 COcpV15lHL\I-1, OTb Xp. rJ .

. . . ·~~·-

j:_ • . f i-

•. j;'

1:. ~r"'J"'', .. 9'!..

06p. 138. - Cs. Co¢HSI H ot<anHoCrbra H cnopenb enHa pHCYHKa orb E. flpHL!Tb (cera Bb HaponHHSI MyJeii).

i<OHCTaHTHHOBb :l) Kai<TO Cni:.nsa: ,61-1n0 e neTb4eHb neHb 1-1 Ol<OnO nnanHHHa ABi:.Ti:. MOM4eTa Ha

Ecanb-EcpeHnl-1, MtOTesennl-151 HaAb 4ep!<BaTa - npi:.o6bpHaTa Ha n>«aMI-151, f\51-Cocp!-151, ce noKa-

4HnH Ha MHHapeTo 1-1 BH1<an1-1 Ha MOnHTBa npasosi:.pHHTi:. BOHHHL\1-1 OTb CocjJHi1ci<H51 rapHH30Hb. 4)

t) Cs-l>n-l>HHSI Ja rosa JeMnerpeceHHe HaMHpaMe

nat no CTapHT-1> U'hpt<ORHH KHHrH. rn .

Xp n. KoHCTaHTHHOBb, nepHOLl. CnHC. X. 1884. 99; E. CnpocrpaHOBb, On11Cb Ha P"'-KOnHCHr-1> Bb 6H -

6nHoret<ara npH Cs . CHHOLlb, crp. 41: C6opH Ja Hap.

YMOTB. XXII-XXIII, 19067, 17 H 19. ~) CnpocrpaHOBb, C6opH. 3a Hap. yMors. XXII

-XXIII crp. 16: 1858 M(-l>ce)Ub cenreMBpHSI 18 neHb, TO·

ra11 ce T"'-PCH JeMSITa y YerseprotKaMHS!, '-lene6H·n>KaMH51, CS!yWb·LlH<aMiS! 1-1 npoYH;

nHca xb acb MHoro rpeWHH nana 51Hat<H HoHOBb 1-1 nana

reoprH fiHrOBb, 1-1 nanH(a)xa uept<BH c(se)TH HHt<OnaSI

ManH H npeyecra(?). - npHnHCt<aTa ce HaMHpa Ha enHHb

6-l>nb nHCTb, npH6aBeHb OTnOCnt Bb enHHb MHHefi OTb 1750 ron.

'1) naMeTHH 6tn-l>>Kt<H 3a CptneUb, nep. cnHC. VIII, 1884, 128

1) Ka3apMHT1> ce HaMHpanH Ha !Orb orb Cs. Co

cpH51, no caMara HeSI; rn. crp. 7 1-1 o6p. 2.

160 VlcropH5l Ha UbpKBaTa Cs. CocpH5l

Boi1HY1l.I,Y1Tt, ce Y13MY111Y1 1-1 OLJHCTI-1111-1 3a M011Y1TBa, a MOMLJeTaTa Ha Eca,IJ,b-EcpeH,IJ,I-1 noCTY111a11YI s;r.,Tpt, Bb

LJepKBaTa xac;r.,pe no 3eM51Ta, 3a ,IJ,a ce K11aH51Tb BOHHY1l.I,YITt,. CHLJKO 61-1110 npHrOTBeHo, HO BHe3anHo

CY1LJKY151 CBt.Tb ce paCTpt.CY111b CY1J1HO, Y1 ropHY1Tt, LJaCTI-1 Ha LJepKBaTa Y1 MYIHapeTO nona,IJ,aJll-1 Y1 3aCY1-

naJ111 ,IJ,Bt.Tt, MOMLJeTa . .D,eceTb MHHYTH no-ceTHt, aKo ,IJ,a 6t.we Tpt.caBYil.l,aTa, Bb Cs. Cocp¥151 w.t.111-1 ,IJ,a

ce 3apoB51Tb Xl-11151,[1,1-1 npasost.pH¥1 BOHHHLI,I-1. M10TeBe11J1Y151Ta, Eca,IJ,b·EcpeH,IJ,I-1, 610111DKb xopa e 61-111b

nooaBY111b ,IJ,a pa3pY1BaTb na,IJ,H;;<.,JiHTt. LJaCTI-1, ,IJ,aHo ce tJaMt.p51Tb 3acHnaHY1Tt, MY pom61-1, HO He MOrnl-1

,IJ,a r1-1 HaMt.p51Tb, 1-1 TOH caMb OTb ro11t.Ma 6aW.HHCKa manoCTb no,IJ,11y,IJ,t.11b. XpY1CTY151HeTt. Bb Cocp¥151

r11e,IJ,a11Y1 Ta51 C11YLJKa KaTO HaKa3aHY1e OTb 5ora, npOBO,IJ,eHO Ha MIOTeBe1111Y151Ta, 3aLLI,OTO TOH 6Y111b

pa3TYPY111b no-Hanpt.Ab omapbTb Ha LJepKBaTa Cs. Cocp¥151, 3a ,IJ,a Cl-1 HanpaBI-1 xaMaMb".

Hai1-Hanpt.,IJ,b 1pt.6sa ,IJ,a ce 3a6t.11t.»<1-1, LJe He BCHLJKO Bb T03Y1 pa3Ka3b e ,IJ,OCTOBt.pHo. TaKa

Hanp. 3eJ'v'11eTpeceHHeTo, no e,IJ,HOr11aCHOTO CBH,IJ,t.Te11CTBO Ha. npHnY1CKY1Tt, (r11. op. 159 3a6. 1), e

CTaHa110 He Bb neTbKb, a Bb LJeTBbpTbKb. nbpBY151Tb

06p. 139. - Cs CccpH5l Cb Ha6monarenHaTa Kyna.

,IJ,eHb, KaTo TypcKI-1 npa3,IJ,HY1Kb, e H36paHb 6e3b CbM·

Ht.HHe 3a no-ro11t.Ma ,IJ,paMaTHLJHOCTb, 3a ,IJ,a Mo»<e

,IJ,a ce Kame, LJe BCHLJKI-1 TypcKH BOHHY1l.I,Y1 c;r., w.t.111-1

na 6;r.,,IJ,aTb Ha M011Y1TBa. C;r.,w.o 1-1 no11y,IJ,51BaHeTO Ha

MIOTeBe11Y151Ta w.e 1pt.6sa ,IJ,a ce npHLJY1C11YI KbMb 11e

reH,IJ,a pHY1Tt, e11eMeHTY1 Ha pa3Ka3a. n p¥1 BCe TOBa

pa3Ka3bTb Cb,IJ,bp»<a Y1 H'tKOI-1 6e3b CbMHt.HHe si;pH¥1

CBt,,IJ,i;HJ-151, a YIMeHHO 3a Cb6ap51HeTO Ha LJaCTb OTb

,IJ,»<aMY151Ta Cb Bbpxa Ha MHHapeTo Yl 3a TOBa, LJe Cs.

Cocp¥151 no TOBa spt.Me e c11y»<1-111a KaTO 'rapHY130HHa

l.l,bpKBa 3a TypcKaTa BOHCKa Bb Cocp¥151. vbst.CTY1eTO,

LJe a11TapbTb 6Y1Jlb pa3Typ51Hb OTb MIOTeBe11Y151Ta, 3a ,IJ,a

c1-1 HanpaBI-1 xaMaMb, c;r.,w.o Tpt,6[la ,IJ,a ce npHeMe Cb

pe3epsa. H1-1e BH,IJ,t.xMe, LJe ancH,IJ,aTa e 61-111a Cb6opeHa

ow.e npt.3b 1818 ro,IJ,. R.Ko c11t.,IJ,oBaTe11HO MIOTeBe

J1Y151Ta HaY1CTY1Ha e B3eMa11b Ht.KaKbBb MaTepY1a11b

OTTYKb, TO TOBa MO»<e ,IJ,a 6;r.,,IJ,e CaMO MaTepY1a11bTb,

KOHTO e OCTaHa11b HeY13n0113yBaHb Ha Mt.CTOTO C11i;,IJ,b

na,IJ,aHeTo Ha ancH,IJ,aTa.

Ko1-1 LJaCTI-1 OTb .a»<aMY151Ta c;r., 61-1111-1 cb6opeHY1 np1-1 3eM11eTpeceHYieTo, MO»<e Hai:1-,IJ,o6pt, ,IJ,a ce

yoaHOBI-1 OTb cerawHOTO no11omeH1-1e Ha l.l,bpKBaTa, KOeTo onorasa He e npt.r~::pnt.11o c;r.,w.eoseHo

Y13Mt.HeHY1e. na,IJ,Ha11a e npb,IJ,I-1 BCY1LJKO npi;,IJ,H51Ta LJaCTb Ha ,IJ,»<aMY151Ta, a Y1MeHHO CBO,IJ,bTb Ha npi;,IJ,,IJ,Be

pY1eTO, KOHTO ce e cb6ap5111b 1-1 no-paHo (r11. op. 155 3a6. 1), ront.Ma LJaCTb OTb ot.HaTa Ha cpaca,IJ,aTa

Y1 )lBt,Tt, CTpaHY1LJHY1 OT,IJ,t.11eHY151 Ha npi;,IJ,,IJ,BepHeTO. 61-1111-1 c;r., nospi;,IJ,eHI-1 LJpb3b nponyKBaHe Yl Ht.KOI-1

Mt.CTa Bb B;;<.,Tpt.WHOCTbTa Ha ,IJ,>t<aMY151Ta. 06aLJe MY1HapeTO, LJaKb ,[1,0 CaMOTO BY1Ka110, ce e 3ana3Y1110.

Tosa Ht.w.o ce yoaHOB51Ba OTb pHCYHKaTa, K051TO KaHHl.l,b e HanpaBY111b OTb Cs. Cocp¥151 HaCKopo

npt.AH ocso6om,IJ,eHHeTo ( o6p. 137), KaKTO 1-1 OTb e,IJ,Ha cpoTOrpacp!-151, cHeTa npt.3b 1878 ron. ( o6D. 2). Lie Cs. Cocp¥151 no TOBa spt.Me ce e HaM1-1pa11a seLJe HaHCTHHa Bb TBbp,IJ,t, n11aLJeBHO no11o

meHHe, ce BH»<,IJ,a 1-1 OTb e,IJ,HO cbo6w.eHHe Ha cppeHCKI-151 n;r.,TeweoseHHKb n e »<a H b OTb 1867 ro,IJ,.,

KOHTO Ka3Ba Y13pY1LJHO, LJe l.l,bpKBaTa e 61-111a pa3pyweHa OTb nocnt.,IJ,HOTO 3eMneTpeceHHe. 1) Mt.pK¥1

3a HeHHOTO Bb306HOB11eHY1e BeLJe He C,Y:., 61-1111-1 B3eTY1 Y1 T51 e npO,IJ,bJ1>t<aBa11a ,IJ,a ce pyw1-1 OTb Bpt.MeTO,

6e3b ,IJ,a c11y»<1-1 seLJe 1-1 3a ,IJ,»<aMI-151. Cnope,IJ,b pa3Ka3a Ha oap1-1 cocpY151Hl.I,Y1, Typl.I,Y1Tt, npt.3b noc11t.,IJ,-

1) G. Lejean, Voyage en Bulgarie (1867), Le Tour du Monde 1873 II 138: Sophia est une grande ville ... pas de monuments, sauf une ancienne basilique bulgare devenue mosquee et ruinee par le dernier tremblement

de terre. Cette basilique, batie sous le vocable de sainte Sophie, en imitation de Ia fameuse basilique de Constantinople, a donne a Ia ville le nom qu' elle porte

aUJOurd'hui.

Cs. Co¢1111 OTb ocso60)!{lleHHero Ha caMb 161

HHrl> ron11HI1 Ha rl>xHOTO snanHlleCTBO Bb Co¢1-151 elK Sl 113nomysanH HaHOBO 3a op~K>HeeHb H 6apy

TeHb CI<Jlanb, l<aTO np11enoco611J1H 3a Ta311 U,i;Jlb HaM-3npaBaTa H llaeTb, a 11MeHHO neeHHSITb CTpa

HI1lleHb Kopa6b, Bb I<OMTO ee noM-tl..l.l,aBa eerawHaTa MonepHa u,bpi<BI1u,a. np"53b TOBa sp"5Me ent

nosaTeJlHO elK 611n11 3anyweHI1 11 neCHI1rl> ap1<11 Ha u,bpKBaTa eb rpy6aTa 311napHS1 OTb Kallb 11 Ka

MbHI1, I<OSITO e 3ana3eHa 11 no nHeeb (rn. o6p. 16).

KaKBa e 611na e ~Kn6aTa Ha Cs. Cocp1151 en"5nb oeso6omneHI1eTo, TOBa Belle 113Tbi<HaxMe HaKpaTKO

Ol..l.l,e Bb ysona (CTp . 3 en .). M11HapeT0, KOeTO Bb 1878 ron. e CT05lllO ol..l.l,e no BI1KanoTO (rn . o6p. 2), e

6Hno cb6opeHo HacKopo en"5nb Ta311 naTa, 6Hno lie Belle e rpo351JlO na nanHe eaMo, 611no OTb oMpa3a

l<bMb seHlll<l1 3Hau,l1 Ha TypeKoTo Hro. EnHo 11eTHHeKo eseTOTaTeTBO enp"5Mo u,bpKBaTa e 611no H3-

BbpweHo Bb no-HOBO sp"5Me, en"5nb 1892 ron. , I<OraTO Bbpxy HeHHI151 KynOJlb e 611na H3nl1rHaTa

nopBeHa Kylla , I<OSITO e eny>HI1Jla 3a Ha6ntOnaTeJleHb nyHI<Tb Ha nO>j<apHaTa I<OMaHna (o6p. 139).

Tosa o6eT051TeneTBO Bb3MYTI1llO Bb ron"5Ma eTeneHb 11 pycKI15l ylleHb CnepaHcKii1, Koiho Bb 1898 ron.

noe"5TI1Jlb Cocp1151. 1) Cn-tnosaTellHO KynaTa no Ta311 naTa ol..l.l,e e e~Kl..l.l,eeTBysana . T5l e 611na pa3py-

0 6p. 140. - Cs. Co¢1111 cnopeub euHa ¢ororpa¢H51 OTb 1909 ron.

weHa HaeKopo en"5nb TOBa, KoraTo Bb 1900 ron. ce e npas-tna MonepHaTa ubpi<BHU.a Bb neCHI151

CTpaH11lleHb Kopa6b Ha Cs. Cocp1151. Cb srpamnaHeTO Ha Ta311 U.bp1<BI1ua Cs. CocpH51 np"5rbpn-tsa

nOCJl"5nH51Ta e11 e/K l..l.l,eCTBeHa npoM"5Ha nO Bp"5MeTO Ha pa3I<Oni<I1T"5 np"53b 1911 ron. no-roJl"5MaTa

llaeTb OTh u,bpi<BaTa 113rnemnawe Cbse"5Mb py11H11paHa 11 npo113semnawe TBbpn-t >HI1BOnl1eHo sne

llaTneHI1e eb eBOI1T"5 o6paCHaJll1 eb 3eJleHI1Ha eT"5HI1 11 no1<p11Bb (rn. o6p. 140). 06alle Bb TOBa esoe

nonomeHI1e TSI see noselle nponbnmasawe na ee pa3nana. Hai1-MHoro CTpanawe, nopanH n11neaTa

Ha KepaMI1nl1, n01<p11BbTb, MaJll<l1 naplleTa OTb I<OMTO noeTOSIHHO ee 1<bpT"5Xa eni;nb Be"51<11 nb>Hnb 11

nanaxa Ha 3eM51Ta. 3a na MO>He na ee 3ana311 UbpKBaTa KaTo u,"5HeHb naMeTHHI, eni;nb eBbpWBaHeTO Ha I<OHTO erpa

naTa MO>He 611 we H3ry6VI H"5l..l.l,o OTb eso5l H<HBOnHeeHb H3rnenb KaTo pyVIHa , HO Bb 3aMi;Ha Ha TOBa

nbl<b l..l.l,e enellellH eVIrypHo llp"53·b 3ana3BalieTo Ha eerawHOTO 11 nonomeHVIe KaTo 11eTopHKO·apxH

TeKTYPeHb naMeTHHI<b.

1) RpxeonorH4eCK i51 H3s-Ecri51 H 3aM-ETKH MocKOBCK. apxeon. o6wecrsa VI, 1898, 53.

Ca. Co<j>Ho 21

162 YlcropHil Ha ubpKsara Cs. Cocjmll

Cs. Cocj:>VI51 e np-EKapa11a se'-le CB051 VICTOpVI'-IeCKVI nepVIO,IJ,b Ha c;y;_w,ecTsysaHe. BcVI'-IKVI no

npasKVI VI npoM-EHVI, KOVITO CfK CTaBa11VI P,OCera Cb He51, HOC51Tb OTne'-!aTbKa Ha CBOeTO spi:;Me VI B11a

raTb no TaKbBb Ha'-ll1Hb H-tW,O HOBO Bb VICTOpV151Ta Ha l.l,bpKBaTa. )J.HeCb, KOraTO u-E110TO HeHHO MH

HaJlO e pa3KpVITO npi:;p,b HaCb, HVIe He CMe Be'-le Bb CbCT051HVIe p,a Ce OTHeCeMb KbMb He51 Cb CfKW,aTa

'-IVICTO npaKTVI'-IeCKa OOeKTVIBHOCTb, Cb CfKll.J,OTO VlfHOpVIpaHe Ha nbpBOHa'-!a11HaTa ~ apXVITeKTypHa

cj:>opMa, KaKTO MV1Ha11VIT-E noKo11-EHVI51. Bc-EKVI onVITb p,a ce VI300113ysa l.l,bpKsaTa 3a KaKBVITO VI p,a 6VI110

npaKTVI'-IeCKVI HY}I{AVI MO}I{e p,a p,osep,e p,o ep,Ha OTb p,s-ET-t Kpai1HOCTVI: V111VI p,a ce YHVIUlO}I{aTb

V13B-ECTHVI e11eMeHTVI, KOVITO Be'-le CbCTaB51Tb Hepa3P,-E11Ha '-!aCTb OTb VICTOpVI'-IeCKOTO CfKW,eCTByBaHe Ha

l.l,bpKBaTa, KaTO Ce 3aM-EH51Tb Cb npo611eMaTVI'-IHVI peCTaBpal.l,VIVI, VI11VI nbKb P,a Ce VI30CTaBVI CbBC-tMb

MV1Ha110TO, KaTo ce npV16-ErHe p,o ep,VIHb MOP,epeHb Kbpne}l{b, KOHTO CbBC-EMb 6V1 YHVIW,O}I{VI11b cTa

pV1HCKVI51 xapaKTepb Ha crpap,aTa. VlcKaMe 11VI o6a'-le p,a 3ana3,VIMb UbpKsaTa KaTo apxVITeKTypeHb

naMeTHVIKb, TO OTb Hay'-IHO rnep,VIw,e MO}I{e p,a ce np-tnopfK'-Ia caMO ep,Ha TBbpp,i:; npocTa nporpaMa:

p,a ce 3ana3VI BCVI'-IKO no Bb3MO}I{HOCTb Bb TOBa n0110}1{eHVIe, Bb KaKBOTO Ce HaMVIpa TO P,HeCb. f\ TbKMO

T03VI e nfKTbTb, KOHTO VI 6V1 Tp-E6sa11o na ce Vl36epe. 3aw,oTo Cs. Cocj:>VI51 npV1Hap,11e}I{VI se'-le JIHeCb

npi:;p,VI BCVI'-IKO Ha HayKaTa.

CnMCbKb Ha o6pa3MTt

06p.

B11HeTKa OTb Cr. 6an}f{OBb .

1. Cs. Co<jmSf Orb !Oro·I13TOKb.

2. Cs. CocjmS! 11 OKOnHOCTbTa 11 npt3b 1878 r. 3. D.eraiinb orb ctsepHara crtHa Ha UbpKsara

4. B;y;rptweHb 113rnenb Ha c;y;wara crtHa

5. D.eraiinb orb anc11nara

6. 7. 8.

113TOLIHara crtHa

ctsepHara crtHa

9. CtsepHoro crpaH11'lHO orntneHI1e Ha nptn-

nsep11ero .

10. ileraiinb orb JananHara crtHa

11. B;y;rptwHOCTbTa Ha ubpKsara orb KbMb 3ananb

12. 113TOKb

13. KynonbTb rnenaHb ornont.

14. Ci;sepHoro orni;neHI1e Ha HanptLIHI1Sf Kopa6b

]5. KOHCrpyKUI1Sf Ha CBOilOBerb Bb Hanpi;LIHI1Sf KO·

pa6b

16. 10ro-3ananHI1S!Tb nonKynoneHb nl1nacrbpb.

17. Ctsepo-3anailH11S!Tb nonKynoneHb nl1nacrbpb

18. Typc1<11ri; ~<ynroBI1 np11cnoco6neH11S1 Bb UbpKBara

19. 3ananHara H11Wa Bb fO}f{Horo orni;neHI1e Ha

HanptLIHI1Sf KOpa6b

20. J.13rOLIHara HI1Wa Bb ctsepHoro orni;neHI1e Ha

Hanpi;LIH11Sf Kopa6b .

21. Csonb Bb rnaBHI1Sf Kopa6b, rnenaHb ornont .

22. KoHcrpyKU11Sf Ha csonosert Bb rnaBHI1Sf Kopa6b

23. ntBI1S!Tb CTpaHI1'leHb KOpa6b, rnenaHb OTb

113TOKb.

24. UeHrpanHara Liacrb Ha npi;nnsep11ero

25. Cs. Co<jmSt Bb ConyHb, orb 3a nanb

26. Crap11 311ilOBe npi;nb Cs. Co¢11S1.

27. nnaHb Ha Cs . Cocp11S! cnopenb TopHbOBb

28. Hannb}f{eHb 113rnenb

29. 3ananeHb 113rnenb

30. J.13TOLieHb 113rnenb

31. nnaHb Ha Cs. Cocp11S! Bb Uap11rpanb

32. nnaHb Ha Cs. Cocp11S! Bb ConyHb

33. Cs. Co¢11S1 Bb Co,lyHb, orb 113TOKb

34. nnaHb Ha Cs. Cocp11S! Bb Oxp11ilb

35. Mo3ai1Ka. or1<p11ra npt3b 1893 r . Bb anc11nara

Ha Cs. Cocp11S!

36. 4acrb orb ropHstra M03ai1Ka Bb Cs. Co¢11S1 .

37. Mo3ai1Ka, or1<p11ra npt3b 1893 r. Bb anc11nara

Ha Cs. Co¢11S1

38. f\px11re1<rypH11 ¢parMeHTI1 orb no-era para UbpKsa

Ha Mtcroro Ha Cs. Co¢1151

39. nnaHb Ha H1lH·Crapara UbpKBa Ha MtCTOTO Ha Cs. Co¢1151

40. Mo3ai1Ka oTb CanapescKa 6aHSf .

CTp.

1 7 9

11 12 15 16 17 18

19 21 24 25 26 27

28 29 30 31

32

33 34 35

36 37 39 41 43 43 44 44 46 47 47 48

49 50

51

53

55 59

06p.

41. rpo6HI1UI1 Bb ancl1nara Ha Cs. Co¢1151

42. CrbKneH11UI1 orb HeKponona Ha Cs. Co¢1151 43-44. 45-46.

47. 3narHa o6tua ..

48. CrbKneH11UI1 ..

49. 4acrl1 orb crpoweHb capKocparb

50. 51. rpo6H11UI1 Bb ci;sepHOTO 0TiltneHI1e Ha nptn-

nsep11eTO Ha Cs. Co¢1151

52-53. KaMeHHI1 capKocpa311 OTb Cs. Co¢1151

54. KaMeHeHb capKocj:>afb 55. rpo6H11UI1 Bb ancl1nara Ha Cs. Co¢1151

56. rpo6b-KOCTH11Ua Bb c-ncl1nara Ha Cs. Co¢1151

57. nnocKara rpo6H11ua Ill Bb anc11nara Ha Cs.

Co¢1151.

58. KaMeHHa nnoLia orb rpo6H11uara Ill 59. rpo6HI1uara Ill np11 OTKp11BaHeTO 11 npt3b

1893 ron . .

60. CTbKneHa Liawa orb rpo6H11uara VII 61. 3naTHa o6tua

62. 3narHa sep11}f{Ka ..

63 . 3narHI1 o6i;u11

X XI

64. Hannb}f{eHb pa3pi;3b Ha rpo6HI1uara XVI 65. Ct;sepHara cri;Ha

66-67. CrbKneHI1U11 OTb rpo6H11Uan XVI 68. rni1HeHa CTOMH11'1Ka OTb rpo6H11Uara XVI 69. r;y;6eHI1 X0ill1fla

70. 3narHa o6t;ua XVIII

71 CrbKneHI1Ua

72. rpo6H11UI1 Bb s;y;rptWHOCTbTa Ha Cs. Co¢1151

73. CrbKneHHua orb rpa6H11uara XXI 74. CrbKneHO MbHI1CTO OTb rpo6H11uara XXI. 75 . CrbKneH11Ua XXXII 76. KepaMI1neHb rpo6b Bb ancHnara Ha Cs. Co¢1151

77. 3nareHb npbcreHb orb rpo6a 4 78. 5 . 79. KopnoHb OTb rpo6a 5 80 Cpe6bpeHb npbcreHb orb rpo6a 8 .

81. 3nareHb 9 82. Cpe6bpeHb 12 83 17 84 85. 3narorbKaHa Marep1151 ..

86 Cpe6porbKaHa

87. 6poH30BJ y~<paca

88. Cpe6bpeHb npbcreHb ..

89. 90. 91. Cpe6bpHa o6tua

19 20 20 21 25 35 39 41

*21

CTp.

61 62 63 64 65

65 66 67

68 69 70 71 72

73 73

74 75 75 76 77 78 79 80

81 81 82 82 83 84 84 87 88 89 89 89 90 90 91 91 91 92 92 92 93 93 93 94

~~ I

L

164 CnHCbKb Ha o6pa3HTE - ------------------- ------·-

---------------------

06p. 92. Cpe6bpeHb npbcTeHb OTb rpo6a 42 93. K:,ceHb rpo6b Ha c-tsepb OTb Cs. CocjmS!

94. Cpe6bpHa o6-tua OTb Cs. CocpHS!

95. 6poH30Bb npbcTeHb OTb Cs. CocpHS!

96. 6pOH30Ba OKa'JaJlKa 97. Cpe6bpeHb npbcTeHb oTb rpo6a 57 98 PHMCKH Hanrpo6eHb naMeTHHKb OTb Cfl. CocpHS!

99. MpS!MOpHa nno4a Cb HannHcb oTb Cs. CocpHS!

100. Cpe6bpeHb npbCTeHb OTb Cs. CocpHS!

101. 6pOH30Bb npbCTeHb

102. CTbKJJeHHua 103. 06Wb BHnb Ha rp06HHUaTa, OTKpHTa npt,3b

1896 ron ..

104. llerafinb OTb csona Ha c;r:.wara rpo6HHua

105. IO}!{HaTa cTtHa Ha c;r:.wara rpo6HHUa

106. Ct,sepHaTa ., 107. HanJJb}!{eHb pa3pt,3b Ha rpo6HHUaTa OTb yn.

rypKO

108. Ct,sepHaTa crt,Ha Ha c;r:.wara rpo6HHua

109. IQ}!{HaTa

110. lleTaHJlb OTb CBOna ., 111. llbnrara crt,Ha Ha rpo6HHuara. orKpHTa npt,3b

1912 r .. 112. VI3T04HaTa crt,Ha Ha c;r:.wara rpo6HHUa

113. Crapara MHTponoJJHS! Bb MeceMBpHS! cnopenb

enHa pHCYHKa OTb 1829 ron.

114. IQ}!{HaTa spara Ha XHcapcKara Kp-bnocrb Bb

nnoBJIHBCKO . 115. nnaHb Ha 6a3HJlHKaTa Bb Kon}!{a·KaneCH

CTp.

94 94 95 95 95 95 97 98 98 98 99

102

102 103 103

104

104 105 105

106

106

109

113 123

06p. 116. nnaHb Ha UbpKBaTa XpH30KecpaJJOCb Bb Tpane·

3yHnb 117. 6a3HJlHKaTa no 32 Bb 6HHb·6Hpb·KJlHCe

118. 6a3HJlHKa Bb Caranacocb

119. UbpKBa Bb KecrenH 120. nnaHb Ha UbpKBaTa Bb ilHHepb. 121. .• llepe·f\wH . 122. ., 6a3HJlHKaTa no 3 Bb 6HHb-6Hpb·KJlHCe

123. .. 6a3HJJHKaTa Bb Kacpb·H6Hb·BapnaHb

124. .. ubpKsara Bb CeHb-raneHb oTb 830 r.

125. UbpKsa Bb KypwyHJI}!{Y .

126. CKynH 127. CHBpH-XHcapb

128 naHarHS! Bb ToMap3a . 129. • Ha Po}!{JleCTBO XpHcroso Bb BHrneeMb

130. Crapara MHTponoJJHS! Bb MeceMBpHS! 131 . ., LJepBeHaTa 4epKBa" npH nepyWHUa, OTb !Orb 132. ., ct.sepb

133. ., OTb ct,-

sepo-3ananb. 134. 6a3HJlHKaTa Cs. J.1JJHS! npH nHpnonb, OTb tOro-

3ananb. 135. 6a3HJlHKaTa Cs. VIJJHS! npH nHpnonb, OTb ct,-

sepo-3ananb. 136 Cs. CocpHS! cnopenb enHa cpororpacpHS! OTb 1892 r. 137. Cs. Cocpi-15! cnopenb pHcyHKara Ha KaHHUa.

138. Cs. CocpHS! cnopenb pHcyHKaTa Ha E. f\pHnTb

OTb 1892 ron. 139. Cs. CocpHS! Cb Ha6ntOnarenHara Kyna . 140. Cs. CocpHS! cnopenb enHa cpororpacpi-15! OTb 1909 r.

124 125 125 126 126 127 128 129 131 132 132 133 133 134 135 136 137

138

139

140 143 158

159 160 161

T a 6 n VI u VI

I. Cs. CocpHS! rnenaHa OTb KaM6aHapHS!Ta Ha f\neK

caHnbpb HesCKH.

II. Cs. CocpHS! OTb !Orb. tOro·H3TOKb (npt,nH 1900 ron).

H3T0Kb. III.

IV.

v. VI.

VII.

ct,sepO-J.13TOKb.

ct,sepo-3ananb.

3ananb.

VIII. Cpe6bpHa KYTHS! H 3JlaTHH npbcTeHH OTb Cs.

CocpHS!.

IX. VlcropH4eCKH nnaHb Ha Cs. CocpHS!.

X. PecraspHpaHb nnaHb·

XI. PecraspauHS! Ha ct.sepHaTa crpaHa.

XII. HanJJb}!{eHb pa3pt.3b.

XIII. 1. PecraspauH51 Ha cpacanara. 2. PecraspaUH51 Ha J.13TO'-!HaTa crpaHa.

XIV. 1. Hanp-t4eHb pa3pt.3b npt,3b npt,nnsepHeTo H HaJIJlb}!{HHTE KOpa6H.

2. Hanpt.4eHb pa3pt,3b npt,3b Hanpt,4HH51 Kopa6b.

XV. 06wb H3rnenb Ha ropHS!Ta Mo3aJ.1Ka Bb Cs. CocpHS!.

XVI. LJaCTH OTb c;r:.wara M03aHKa.

XVII. XVIII. 1. LJacTb OTb nonHS!Ta M03aHKa.

2. ropH51Ta ., XIX. rnasHaTa 4aCTb Ha JIOJlHS!Ta M03aHKa.

XX. 1. LJaCTb OTb csona Ha rpo6HHuara XVI.

2. IO}!{HaTa cTtHa XXI. 1. llerafinb OTb rpo6HHuara XXXIV.

2. lleTaHJlbOTb rp06HHUaTa, OTKpHTa npt,3b 1912 r.

Fl6o6a, 6a3HJlHJ<a 111, 2. nsopuosa UbpKBa 106, 2.

flna!lHSI, .Ll)f{yMaHIOHb-ll.)f{aMHCH 138, 1. 154. FIJlHCyMacb, 6a3HilHJ<a 126, 1.

aJlTapHO npOCTpaHCTBO, yseJlW!eHHe 121. 126 CJl.

FIHropa (FIHJ<Hpa), Cs. KllHMeHTb 122. 130. FIHTeMH orb Tpa11ecb 48. 142. apxaHre!lH 102. apXHTeJ<rypa, BH3aHTHHCJ<a 120 CJl . 141 CJl .

Ma!lOa3HSITCJ<a 122. 127. 129 Cll .

poMaHCJ<a 111. 131-136. 141. CTapoxpHCTHSIHCJ<a Bb 6b!lrapHS! 140 CJl . 142. 145.

6a3HilHJ<a, J<yno!lHa 113. 122-124. UHMHTepHallHa 53.

6aJ<WH'Ib, nerbpb 6ornaHb 118. 144. 152. 153. 6apa6aHb, J<yno!leHb 113. 6eHallHa, .Ll)f{HOBaHH 115. 6eHeTH, fiHTOHH 154. 6HHb-6Hpb-J<JlHCe, 6a3HJlHJ<a no 3: 128.

6a3HilHJ<a no 32: 125. 127. 128. 130. 6orOMHJlb (ilOMHHOHb) 118. 6oH<j>HHH , fiHTOHH 118. 119. 60S!Ha, UbpJ<Ba 43. 6ye, FIMH 157. 158. 6i;JlOBO, Ubpi<Ba 141.

BeHepHb <j>oHb Kpaii11cxaiiMb 151. secrroTH 145. BHHaposo, Mo3aHJ<a 60. BHpMOHil.b, rpa<j>b 116. 154. BHTileeMb, ubpKsa Ha Po)f{necrso XpHcroso 132. BpaH'IH'Ib 114. 116. 117. 148.

leoprH HosH, cs. ISO. lep11aXb 148. 150. lpHrOpOBH'Ib, B. 158. rb!l.v;6H 102.

.LleBHSI, CTapOXpHCTHSIHCI<a rp06HHUa 101, 1. llepe-FiwH, ubpKsa 122. 125. 127. llepHwBaMb, XaHCb 149. .Ll)f{HHb-ll.eHpMeHe, Ubpi<Ba 132. .LlHHepb, UbpJ<Ba 127. llo6pycJ<H, B 51. 54. .LlOMHHOHb, rll . 6orOMHJlb.

.LlpHwb, lepapnb KopHellH 116-118. 154- 157.

EB!lHSI LJe11e6H 115. 116. 118. 151. ElleHa, cs. 115. 116. eMnOpH 111,]. 128. E<j>ecb, nsoiiHa UbpKsa 126.

l-1pe'leJ<b, KoHcraHTHHb 8. 9. 110. 1-1cHnopb orb MHileTb 48. 142.

Ka!la6p1"111, Rocella del Vescovo di Squillace 132.

KaHHnenH, 6a3HilHJ<a 126. KaHHUb, ¢. 10. 117. 160. Kacpb-H6Hb-sapnaHb, 6a3HilHJ<a 122. 128 c11. 130. J<aTaJ<OM6H HJJ. J<BanpareHb cxeMaTH3bMb 110. 133. 141. Kep'lb, crapoxpHCTHSioHCJ<H rpo6HHUH 103. KecrellH, UbpJ<sa 126. 130. KHapoMaHH , ll)f{HOBaHH 153. 154. KHeBb, Cs. Co<j>HSI 119. KllHCe-J<bOH, UbpJ<sa 140. Kon)f{a-Ka!lecH, 6a3HilHJ<a 122. 125. 126. KoHcraHTHHb B.e!lHJ<H 115.117. 119. 120. 144. J<opa6b, Hanp"t'leHb Ill, 1. 125 c11.

Kpaii!lcxaHMb, r11. BeHepHb

KpbCTb, llaTHHCI<H 1JQ. 121. 130. 131 CJl. 134. 136. 140. 141. paBHOpaMeHeHb 121.

KypMeHHHb, lle Xe ne, 152. 156. KypwyHn)f{y , UbpJ<sa 133. K10creHil.Hilb , Kp"tnocrb 10, 3. 112. 120.

M03aHJ<a 60.

Jle)f{aHl>, l. 160. JleyHJ<JlaBH, J.-1oaHb 119. JlHnllS!Hb 118. JlopaHb 139. JliOJ<aCb, nollb 154.

MapHaBH'Ib 118. Mareii, llaM6anapb 150. MeceMspH51, crapara MHrpono!lHSI 137 c11 . 140. MHpa, Cs. HHJ<OilaH 122. 125. MHcrpa, Cs. Co<j>HSI 119. M03aHJ<H, pHMCI<H 58 CJl.

MOHeTH, OTb He1<pono11a Ha Cs. Co<j>HSI 96 c11. 104 c11. 107. MOHOrpaMH XpHCTOBH 70. 71. 72. 102.

HannHCH, aHTH'IHH 64. 65. 97. 98. Hall.nHCH , CTapoxpHCTHSIHCJ<H 66-68. HHKeSI, ubpKsa Ycn"tHHe 126. 127. 130. HHJ<Oilaeso, pHMCJ<O CbKposHwe 77 .

OpHaMeHTHJ<a, J<bCHOpHMCJ<a 54. OCTrOTH 146 . OxpHna, Cs. Co<j>HSI 48. 119. 129 .

naHJ<paTH, MHTpOnOJlHTb 150 . nayHH 102 . nepre, Ubpi<Ba 126, ]. nepyLUHUa , LJepseHa 'lepJ<Ba 139. 140. nHra<j>era, 1-IHTOHH 149. nHpnonb, Cs. I-111HSI 140. nll"tBeHb, M03aHJ<a 60. no11a, CTapoxpHCTHS!HCJ<H Ubpi<BH 60. npOTH'Ib, fl. 110. 111. np"tC!laBb, narlleHHa 111, 2. np-tcna, Cs. FIXHJlb 138, 1. nTHUH , Bb M03aHJ<H 55. 56.

166

PaHMb, K. 149. PaM6epnt, 6. 148. P11Mb, KaTaKoM611 101.

Cs. neTbpb 125. 153.

Caranaeoeb, 6a311n111<a 126. CanoHa, CTapoxp11eTI151HeKI1 rpo611wa 55. CaMOTpaKI1, xpaMb 125. CanapeseKa 6aH51, M03a11Ka 60. Capii11Ka 118. 152. rn. 11 Cepii11Ka.

Capii11KI1HeKI1 eb6opb 144. 145. Capii11UI1a 118. rn. Capii11Ka.

eapKo<jm311, KaMeHHI1 65--69 99 en.

CB. COct:>l-151

pa3KOnKI1 Bb He51 4. 5. 51. 54. Mt.eTonono}f{eHI1e 7 en. o6wo ebeT051HI1e 11. eTp011TeneHb MaTep11anb 13 en. HaYI1Hb Ha rpaiie}f{b 13 en. TypeKI1 nonpaBKI1 12. 22 en. 28. 35. 36. 39. 40. MI1Hape 20. 151. 152. 155. 157. 160. 161. MI1M6apb 28. 155, 4. 156, 3. M11Xpa6b 28. 155,3. 157,1. TypeKI1 Ma311nKI1 32. ane11IIa 14. 40. 46. Kynonb 14. 23 en. 112 en. 121. 123 en. 152. noKp11Bb, eeraweHb 14.

nbpBoHaYaneHb 44. 3aeBOI151BaHe 26 en. 29 en. 34. 42. 46 en. 113. 114, 1.

130. 134. Hanpt.YeHb Kopa6b 26. npt.IIIIBepl-!e 35. 40. 42. cpaeaiia 21 en. 45. nOIIb, eeraweHb 23.

nbpBOHaYaneHb 43. 112. 147. IIeKopaTI1BHI1 eneMeHTI1 45. HI1WI1 28. npo3opu11 46. xapaKTepb Ha noCTpoi1KaTa 45. IIaTC:I 110-114. 123. 143. 146. eTp011TeneHb nep110Ilb I 22. 146.

II 22. 42. 146 en. III 22. 152. IV 23. 158. v 23.

M03ai1KI1 5. 44. 49.50 en. 53-56. S9. 112.144.145.146. cppeeK<-1 15. 28. 43. 147. rpbUKI1 Haiinl1eb 27. 147. MOHeTI1 56 en. nereHII11 114-120. TaeHb napaKnl1eb 153 en. KaTO M11Tpononi1TeKa UbpKBa 2. 147 en. KaTO MOHaeT11peKa UbpKBa 148,4. KaTO Op.:K}f{eeHb eKnaiib 3. 149. 150. 161. KaTo Ha6moiiaTeneHb noeTb 3. 151. napaKnl1eb Bb IO}f{HI151 Kopa6b 4.

eBOilb, KpbeTaTb 1I1, J. 114. 130 en. U11ni1Hilp11YeeKI1 114, J. 130. MOHaempeKI1 114, J. 134.

eBbp3aHa el1eTeMa 134. CeHb-npi-!eTb 156. 157. eepii11 2. 118. Cepii11Ka 2. 10. 117. 118. 144. 146. 149. rn. 11 Capll11Ka.

C11sp11 X11eapb, UbpKsa 133. ei1MBOni1Ka, eTapoxp11eTI-!51HeKa 60. 103.

C1-1 H ueHIIopcpb 115. C11p1151 120. 122. CI151YWb nawa 151. 152. CKyn11, UbpKBa 133. CnoKow11ua, eTapoxp11eTI151Hel<a rpo6H11ua 63. ConyHb, Cs. Cocp1151 48. 113. 123. Cocp1151, rpaiib

Kpt.noeTHa ert.Ha 8-10. eTap11 erpaii11 2.

Cs. flneKeaHIIbpb HeseKI1 7. 10. Cs. reopm 2. 140. 148. Ce. Map11Ha 148. 150. 6aH51 6aw11 Il}f{aMI151 2. 61110Kb Il}f{aMI151 2. MaxMyiib nawa II}f{aMI151 155. TypeKI1 KibapM11 7. 159, 4. M03ai1Ka 60.

Cocp1151, np11Hueea 115. 116. 117. CneHeepb, EII. 158. CnepaHeKI1, M. 110. 161. CTapa-3aropa, M03a11K11 60. CTp11roBeKI1, H. 122. 128 exeMaTI13bMb, rn. KBaiipaTeHb.

TacpepHepb, n. 144. 153. 154. TeypH1151, M03ai1KI1 60. ToMap3a, UbpKsa 133. TopHbOBb, fl. 44. Tpane3yHIIb, Cs. Cocpi-!51 119.

Xp1130Kecpanoeb 124. Tp113Il11Ua 119. 144. TyxneHI1 noeTpoi1KI1 Bb Mana-f\31151 130. Tyxnl1, Bb Cs. Cocp1151 13 en.

Bb TypeKI151 11 nOIIb 23. Bb no·eTap11Tt. erpaii11 52. 55. Bb rpo6H11U11Tt. 100 en.

TbpHoso, Cs. ll11M11Tbpb 11 Cs. LJeT11p11IIeeeTb 107 3a6. 111,2.

Ynnl1aHa 114. 117. 149. YHrHaiib, llaBI-!Ilb 149.

ct:>aeaiii1, Manoa31151Tel<l1 127 en. e11p11i1e1<11 128.

cppeeKI1, Bb eTapoXp11eTY!51Hel<l1 rpo6H11UI1 78 en. 82. 84. 86. 88. 101 en.

X11epanon11eb, xpaMb 125. X11eapb, 6a311n111<a 52. 138 en. 140. 142.

Kpt.noeTb 10,3. 13,1. 14,1. 44. 112. 120. XYHI1 10,3. 146.

Uap11rpaiib, Cs. Hp11Ha 123. Cs. Cocp1151 47 en. 113. 114. 115. 116.119.120.123.

124. 142. I49. EH11 II}f{aMI-!51 115.

UeHb, KaTap11Ha 149.

LJenei1a, M03ai1Ka 60.

Wsai1repb, C. 115. 148. illMI1Tb, T. 139.

!OpMe, UbpKBa 122. 125. !OemH11aHb 10,3. 116. 117. 118. 119. 120. 146. !OeT11Hb II 116.117. I04b·ilHaKb, IIBOHHa UbpKBa 130.

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Cs. Cocp115!. Ta6n. XIV.

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Documents

Bogdan Filov, Sofiiskata Curkva Sveta Sofia, Sofiiska Carska Pridvorna Pechatnica 1913