C++

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C++: C++:40()+24():70%()+30%()

C++123

C++C++C1C++C C2CC++

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C++

C++C++1+2 3+4

C++C++1CPP2OBJ3EXE4

C++IDE12 Borland C++,Visual C++

C++1

C++21 2: // C++ // C

C++312 3 45

C++4

C++1 2 3

C++45switch 6

C++12345

C++1#include void main( ) { cout

C++#include

1#2 #include 3

C++h

#include

C++1 {}

void main ( ) {cout

C++ 1 2 3 4{ }

C++2main main12 main3 main

C++4 main main

5 main void: int: 0 0

C++C++

{ }

C++112321.233 a

C++4 student 5

C++cout1 cout

2

C++3 cout

C++4

cout

C++5\n endlcout

C++1 2 ;

C++3\n endl4

C++2#include void main( ) {float radius,circum; const float PI=3.14; cin>>radius; circum=2* PI*radius; cout

C++ 2.0 circum=12.56

C++ 1 int age;

C++2

int age; age=20;// int age=20;//

C++3

constconst float PI=3.14;

C++ 1 2* PI*radius // circum=2* PI*radius //

C++2 a+bc // + a+b-c //

C++3; circum=2* PI*radius;4C++12 /3

C++51+-/% % 22%7=1

C++ 345/10=34 345.0/10=34.5

C++2 = = circum=2 PIradius

C++ cout

C++cin cin >> cin >> >>

C++

1 int a,b,c; cin>>a; cin>>a>>b>>c;2cin>> cin>>100;() cin>>100+200;()cincout #include

C++ int)(float)(char)(double)(void)(*)(&)([ ])(struct)(union)(enum)(class)

1 1 8 0000 0000 1010 1010

2 16 32

3 -32768~32767

4 0000 0000 0000 1010 16

float radius; radius 4

2

long() short() signed() unsigned()

16

charchar1unsigned char1signed char1 char

16

intint2unsigned int2signed int2 int

16

short intshort int2shortunsigned short int2signed short int2

16

long intlong int4longunsigned long int4signed long int4

16

float4double8long double10

3

1void

2

12 0 012 OXox OX12

3

(float)(double)

3.14 31400 3.14E4 0.314 3.14E-1

4

ASCII char c=60; int i = &;

char c=1234;()

3#include void main( ) {int i=60; char c=i; cout

\0\t\n\v\f\?\r\\\b\\a\

cout

\0 Hello

H e l l o\0

00

0

0

0\0

0

4 sizeof() cout

5

1 [] int grade[50]; grade50

[ ] n0~n-1 grade[0] grade[49]

2 enum {12n};:enumWEEKDAY{Sun,Mon,Tue,Wed,Thu,Fri,Sat};

,. : WEEKDAY w1,w2=sat;

{ }n WEEKDAYw1,w2Sun,Mon,Tue,Wed,Thu,Fri,Sat

012n

enum WEEKDAY{Sun,Mon,Tue,Wed,Thu, Fri,Sat}; : Sun,Mon,Tue,Wed,Thu,Fri,Sat0123456

enum SomeDigits{ONE=1,TWO,FIVE=5,SIX,SEVEN};:ONE=1,TWO=2,FIVE=5,SIX=6,SEVEN=7

3

struct { 1 2 n };

struct Person { char name[10]; int sex; int age; float pay; };Person p1;

p1.name= WangPin; p1.sex=1; p1.age=35; p1.pay=1000.0; Person p1={ WangPin,1,35,1000.

1 1 char a,b; 2 c=a+b; 3 4

2 { } {int i=4; cout

1 2

1int i; 2cin>>i; 3cout

if 1 if

1#include void main( ) { float score; cin>> score; if(score>=60) cout

2 if 1 else 21 2

2#include void main( ) {float score; cin>> score; if(score>=60) cout

3 if ifif3#include void main( ) {float score; cin>> score; if(score>=60) if(score>=90) cout=80) cout

4ifif

ifelse

if11 else if22 else if33 else ifnn else n+1

4#include void main( ) {float score; cin>> score; if(score100) cout

switch 1 switch {case 11 case 22 case nn default:n+1 }

2 switchcase default n+1n+1

31 case23case { }

4casecasebreak switchswitch5case

5dayoftheweek(0-6)break Switch(dayoftheweek) {case 0: cout

dayoftheweek4

ThursdayFridaySaturdayUnknown week day

break Switch(dayoftheweek) {case 0: cout

dayoftheweek4Thursday

ifswitch switch break

65switchif if(dayoftheweek==0) cout

while 1 while ,

2 3 YN

7#include void main( ) {int sum=0; int i=1; while(I

dowhile 1 do while;

23

YN

8#include void main( ) {int sum=0; int i=1; do {sum=sum+i; i++;} while(i

3 dowhilewhile while dowhile

for1for

2123 2

3YN

9#include void main( ) {int sum=0; for(int i=1; i

3forwhile1 for2 while 3forwhile

break(break;)break break

100 10 15 20 sum/num=15.0

10#include void main( ) {int sum=0;// sum int inval; // inval int num=0; // num while(1) {cin>>inval; if(inval==0)break; sum=sum+inval;num++; } cout

continue(continue;) continue

11 0 10 -15 15 -30 20 sum/num=15.0

11#include void main( ) {int sum=0; int inval; int num=0; while(1) {cin>>inval; if(inval==0)break; if(inval< 0)continue; sum=sum+inval; num++; } cout

()goto goto 1210breakgoto

12#include void main( ) {int sum=0; int inval; int num=0; while(1) {cin>>inval; if(inval==0) goto loop; sum=sum+inval; num++; }loop: cout

12

//{}1int max(int x,int y) {if (x>=y) return x; else return y; }

12 3void

4 return: return (); return ; return,return: return;

()123

1203

4

12 { }3

2#include int max(int x,int y) {if (x>y) return x; else return y; } void main( ) {int val1,val2; cin>>val1>>val2; cout

3 5 5

1 2 34

1main23

1234

1 2 34

1 2

main1 main2 mainargcargv void main (int argc,char *argv[ ]);

const constconst const 1const 2 constint strcmp(const char*str1, const char*str2);

const 1const 2const const int &min(int&,int&); min(a,b)=4;()

const1const 2 const void printmessage(char*msg) const;

c++

1

21 2

3 4for ANSIc++for

5goto goto

3nn!#includedouble factorial(int n) //n{double retVal=1; // retVal for(int i=1;i

void main( ) { // END double fact; // fact do{ int n; //n cin>>n;if(n==0) goto END; fact=factorial(n); cout

1 2 #include

4#include //cin,coutdouble factorial(int n) // factorial{ }void main( ) // main{} // cin,cout factorialmain

1

5: #includeint x;void addx( ){x++;cout

2

6: #includevoid func(int a){ cout

3

;

1 2 3 4

7int max(int x,int y) {if (x>=y) return x; else return y; } int max(int ,int )

1 2

1 2 3

1 inline 8inline int max(int a,int b) {return (a>b) ?a:b;}

2 9int maxinum=max(val1,val2);

int maxinum=((val1>val2)?val1:val2);

34

5

12

10 long add(long a,long b) {return a+b;} long add(double a,double b) {return a+b;} long add(float a,float b) {return a+b;}

31 , 2

1 11int f(int a,char b,char c= z,int d=100); : c, d

2 12 f(3,a , b ) f(3,a , b ,100) f(3,a ) f(3,a , z ,100)

31 2

3 4

4

13int fp(char c,int k=0,double d=100.0);ADAint fp( ); B void fp(char c);Cint fp(char,int); Dvoid fp(char,int,int)

1 n! long fact(int n) {if (n==0) return 1; return (n*fact(n-1));}

fact(4)n=44*fact(3)n=33*fact(2)n=22*fact(1)n=11*fact(0)126242

312 3

4 CPU

12template

int max(int x,int y) {if(x>y) return x; return y;} float max(float x, float y) {if(x>y) return x; return y;} long max(long x, long y) {if(x>y) return x; return y;} double max(double x, double y) {if(x>y) return x; return y;}

template Type max(Type d1,Type d2) {if (d1>d2) return d1; return d2; }Type

31 2

3

4

#include #include template Type max(Type d1,Type d2) {if (d1>d2) return d1; else return d2; } int max (int,int); char max(char,char); char*max(char*str1,char*str2);

void main( ){int ival1=10,ival2=4; float fval1=123,fval2=4567cout

4template T1 funcName(T1 para1,T2 para2) {if (d1>d2) return d1; else return d2; }

11 2 extern

//main.cppint x;int y;void main( ){}//file1.cppextern int x;int y;void func1( ){}

3:extern extern

21 2

//main.cppvoid print(char*)void main( ){print( Hello,friend\n);}

//file1.cpp#includevoid print(char*str){cout

31 static static int i;2 static : static int max(intx,int y){}3

4 ,

5 const,

1#include1 2#include //#include //

21h2

3

31 #if #else #elif #endif #ifdef #ifndef 2#define #define #ifdef #ifndef

112212312

41235 0

#includeint i;void main( ){int j;cout

61static int addCount( ) { static int count; count++; return count; }

2 ;0

int addCount( ) { static int count=100; count++; return count; }cout

71

[]12int grade1[5]; int grade2[2*3];

1(1) (2)n 0~n-1

2[] int art[5];artart[0] art[1] art[2] art[3] art[4]

100#includeconst int studentNum=100;void main( ){float studentScore[studentNum];int i;for(i=0;i< studentNum;i++) cin>> studentScore[i];float sum=0;for(i=0;i< studentNum;i++) sum+= studentScore[i];cout

20AB ABB=A()for(int i=0;i

A[0]A[1]A[2]A[19]

B[0]B[1]B[2]B[19]

char str1[ ]=Wang Tao;char str2[ ]; str1str2 for(int i=0;str[i]!= \0;i++) str2[i]=str1[i]; str2[i]= \0;

WangTao \0

WangTao \0

n0~n-1

1 []={12n}int array[5]={10,20,30,40,50};array[0]=10, array[1]=20 ,array[2]=30 array[3]=40 ,array[4]=50

array

array[0] array[1] array[2] array[3] array[4]

1020304050

21 0 int array[3]={1,2}; array[0]=1, array[1]=2 ,array[2]=0

2 int array[ ]={6,5,4,3}; 4 4

3 char ca1[ ]={c , h , a , r };char ca2[ ]= char;1 \0char ca3[4]= char;

1 [1] [2]1 2int art[5][6];5630

21 m 0~m-1 n 0~n-12[][]art[2][3]art2 3

31 [][]={12m} int art[2][3]={{10,15,20},{25,30,35}};art6art[0][0]=10,art[0][1]=15,art[0][2]=20art[1][0]=25.art[1][0]=30,art[1][2]=35

art 0 1 2 0 1

101520253035

2 0int ib[3][3]={{1,2},{5}};ib[0][0]=1,ib[0][1]=2,ib[0][2]=0 ib[1][0]=5,ib[1][1]=0,ib[1][2]=0 ib[2][0]=0,ib[2][1]=0,ib[2][2]=0

int ia[ ][3]={{10,15,20},{25,30,35}}; ia2

char days[5][6]={one , two , three , four , five }>=+1

1

2

#includevoid f(int ar[ ]){ar[0]=1;ar[1]=1;}void main( ){int a[2]={0};cout

72

Struct {1 2 n };

struct student{char name[20]; char id[7]; float score;}; studentname idscore

student s1,s2;//student s3[3];//

s1 score s2 score s3[2] score

student s1={wang , 12345 ,93} student s2[3]={{ wang , 1234 ,76},{ zhang , 3333 ,83},{ li , 5678 ,90}};

student s1,s2;s1=s2;

12

struct B{char ch; int x,y; double z;};

struct E{int d;B b;};struct F{double data;F*next;};

struct Student{ struct Date{int year; int month; int day;}; char name[20]; Date birthday; float score; }; StudentDateStudentDate

81 =int i; intip=&i; float score; floatpf=&score;

82 int i; intip=&i; ip=5; //i=5; cout

ip ip5iip(ip==i)

83 int i; intip=&i; // ip 1NULL0 intip= NULL

2voidvoid int a=20; void pv=&a; int ip=(int )pv; cout

84 const1const int i; const intip=&i;

2 int i; const intip=&i; ip=25

31 int ij; const intip=&i; ip=25() ip=&j; ()

2 int i; const intip=&i; ip=25 ( ) i=25; ()

3 const int ci=30; const int ip1=&ci;() int ip2=&ci;()

1const int i; int const ip=&i;

2 int i,j; int const ip=&i; ip=&j;() ip=32;()

1 const int i; const int const ip=&i;

2 int i,j; const int const ip=&i; ip=&j;() ip=32;()

85 int array[5]={10,20,30,40,50}; array=&array[0];

int array[100]; intpArray=array; pArrayi+1 array[i] pArray[i]

#includevoid main( ){int array[5]; intpArray=array;for(int i=0;i

int array[100];array=&array[1];()1+1-1

int array[5]={10,20,30,40,50};int pa=array;

01234array pa pa+1 pa+2 pa+3 pa+4

1020304050

2 181182 182

1 183184

2i+1 int array[5]={10,20,30,40,50}; int pa=array; pa[i] array[i] pa+i) array+i)

3i+1 int array[5]={10,20,30,40,50}; int pa=array; pa[i] array[i] pa+i array+i

4 int array[10]; int pa=array pa+20

1\0 2 charstr= a string;

str

astring\0

3charstr= a string; cout

86 newdelete11 new 2 NULL

3 new new new new []intip1=new int; intip2=new int(3); intstr=new int[10];

21delete 2 delete delete delete [ ]

intpInt=new int; floatpFloat=new float(34.5); intarr=new int[100]; delete pInt; delete pFloat; delete[ ]arr;

3newdeletenew new

new []

delete delete [ ]

deletenew int i; intip=&i; delete ip;() floatfp=new float(3.4); delete fp;() delete fp; ()

new NULL

1 * intip=new int; ip=34; cout

2 intarr=new int[100]; for(int i=0;i

3charweek[7]={Sunday , Monday , Tuesday , Wednesday , Thursday , Friday , Saturday };

1 .

:struct Student{ char name[20]; float score;};Student st={wanglin ,98};Studentps=&st; ps name==(ps).name==st.name== wanglin ps score==(ps) .score==st.score==98;

21

2

struct StudentNode{char name[20];float score;StudentNodenext;};

namescorenext

3(head) NULL

4

StudentNodeStudentNodepNew;pNew=new StudentNode;strcpy(pNewname, wangtao );pNewscore=67;pNewnext=NULL;

wangtao 67

pNewStudentNode*tail;tail=head;while(tail != NULL && tailnext != NULL)tail=tailnext;tailnext=pNew;

wusan 89 Lishi 88 wangtao 67head wusan 89 Lishi 88 wangtao 67head tailpNewtailpNew

5

12nheadpDel12npDelheadhead=headnext;delete pDel;

1i-1ini+1headpDel1i-1ii+1nheadpDelprenext= pDelnext;delete pDel;prepre

headif(head==pDel) head=headnext;else {pre=head; while(pre!=NULL && prenext!=pDel) pre=prenext; prenext=pDelnext;}delete pDel;

1234

87 1 C++

2 &int val; int &rval=val;// rvalval

3

4

#includevoid main( ){int val; int &rval=val; cout

&val=0X0065FDF4&rval=0X0065FDF4val=34 rval=34val=12 rval=12

11int & char & float & double & bool &

2struct Student {char name[20]; float score;}; Student stud1={WangLin ,45.6}; Student &rstud= stud1; cout

3int pInt=new int; int&rpInt= pInt; rpInt=45.6; delete rpInt;

21void void

2int arr[10]; int& rarr1=arr;() int& rarr2=arr[0];()

3int i; int& ri=i; int& pr=&ri;() int& int& int&intint& int

const1const2const int i; const int& ri=i; ri=45;() i=45; ()

3 constconst int ci=45; int& ri=ci;() const int& rci=ci;()

88 int i=10; intpi=&i;// pii int&ri=i; // rii

pi ri0x0065FDE40x0065FDE8iripi

100x0065FDE4

1 *pi=40; ri=40;

2int j; pi=&j;ri=j; /rijjrii /

89 swap

#includevoid swap(int&a,int&b){int temp=a; a=b; b=temp;}void main( ){int val1=10,val2=20; cout

val1=10 val2= 20val1=20 val2= 1012

91

1

2 3

4

5

1

2Smalltalk Smalltalk1Smalltalk

23 Smalltalk

31 SmalltalkEiffelActorJAVA

2 Object CC++Object Pascal CLOS

92 1

2

3

//class Phone{private:char owner[10];char address[50];char phoneNumber[10];

public:Phone(charowner,charaddress,charphoneNumber);chargetPhoneNumber( );chargetOwner( );chargetAddress( );chardial(char*);};//Phone myphone( 62782622

1

2

3 myphone charmyphone.dial(82904456 );

1

2 instance) (template)

3

1

2

3

baseClassderivedBderivedAderivedCbaseClassBbaseClassA

4(base class)(derived class)

5

class A {}; class B:public A {}; class C:public B {};AB,CBA,CA

1

2

3

1

2 1 2C++

93 11

2 3

4 5

2

11

2

21 2

94 1

2

3

OOA1

21 2 3

4 5 6

1

2 3 4

95 12345

123

1 2

3

4 5

OOPL OOPL

96 OOPL

1OOPL 2OOPL 3OOPL

4OOPL 5 OOPL

6 OOPL

10 10.1 class {}class Rectangle{public: float width,height; float Area( ){return width*height;} float Perimeter( ){return 2*(width+height);}}

10 Rectangle rect; rectRectangle rect widthheight AreaPerimeter

10 10.2 pubilc: private: protected:

10 1class Rectangle{public: float width,height; float Area( ){return width*height;} float Perimeter( ){return 2*(width+height);}}Rectangle rect;rect.width=45;rect.height=54.2;cout

10 2class Rectangle{private: float width,height; public: float Area( ){return width*height;} float Perimeter( ){return 2*(width+height);}}Rectangle rect;rect.width=45;()rect.height=54.2;()cout

10 class Rectangle{private: float width,height; public: void SetWidth(float newWidth){width= newWidth;} void SetHeight (float newHeigh){heigh= newHeigh;} float Area( ){return width*height;} float Perimeter( ){return 2*(width+height);}}Rectangle rect;rect. SetWidth(45);rect. SetHeight (54.2);

10 123

10 10.3 1class Rectangle{private: float width,height; public: float Area( ){return width*height;} float Perimeter( ){return 2*(width+height);}}

10 2class Rectangle{private: float width,height; public: float Area( ) float Perimeter( )}float Rectangle Area( ){return width*height;}float Rectangle Perimeter( ){return 2*(width+height);}

10 1

10 21234 P234

10 3

10 1 P2352 1inline2inlineP2363 P237

10 const1const2const3constconst const const

10 10.4 P2403123

10 10.5 P245P246

10 10.6 thisthis thisP237P247-248

10 10.7 P250publicprivateP251

11 11.1

11 12 ~34 P268-270

11 11.2 class Name{public:Name( );Name(char*first);Name(char*first,char*last);};

Name name1;Name name2(Yun );Name name3(Yun , Zhao );

11 Name (char*first= default , char*last= default );1 2new

11 31

11 2Name (Name&nm){strcpy(firstname,nm.firstname); strcpy(lastname,nm.lastname);}Name name2(name1);name2name1

11 123: (){, ()}

11 4 class A{private:int mem;int& rmem=mem;()public:A( );};A( ):rmem(mem){mem=0;}

11 5 class Student{private:Name studentName;int studentID;public:Student(char*name,int id);};Student Student(char*name,int id):studentName(name), studentID(id){ }

11 class A{int mem;public:A(int a){mem=a;}};class B{A a;public:B( ):a(3) { };B(int a1):a(a1){ };};

11 11.3 P289-291123~45

12 12.1 staticclass File{ public: static int fileCount; };

12 File file1;cout

12 1 privateprotectedpublic2 3

12 class File{ private:static int fileCount; public:static int GetFileCount( ){return fileCount;} }; cout

12 4 5 int File fileCount=0;

12 12.2 1ffriend f2ABABfriend class A;

12 P307-3091 2 3

12 1 friend 23 P311

13 13.1 11 operator2 operator12A operator++(A&x) {.} A operator+(A&x,A&y) {.}

13 21 operator operator++(x) ++x2 operator12 1 2 operator+(xy) x+y

13 13.2 thisP317P317-318

13 13.3 Matrix m; m.GetAt(i,j)=3 m(i,j)=3;12 3

13 P32612P32712P328

13 13.4 I/O12istream ostream

13 P340P34313.5 operator type( ) typeoperator int( ){return val;}

13 12si2=si1+(SmallInt)56; si2=si1+SmallInt(56);

14 BAAbase class)B(derived class)

14 14.1 class Derived:Base{ Derived}1 2

14 class Base{private: int i,j;public: void SetIJ(int,int); void Getij(int&,int&);};Derivedclass Derived:Base{private:int k;public:void SetK(int);int GetK( );};

14 1 2 P355

14 11class Derived : public Base{ Derived}2

14 21class Derived :protected Base{ Derived}2

14 31class Derived :private Base//class Derived : Base{ Derived}2

14 1 Derived Derived(int m1 ,int m2,int m3):Base(m1,m2){mem3=m3;}Derived Derived(int m1 ,int m2,int m3):Base(m1,m2)mem3m3{ }

14 2

14 14.2 class [ ]{ }class Derived:public Base1,private Base2 { }

14 1P3742 3

14 1 P376-3772 P377-3783 P378

14 1 2virtual

14 3 P380

14 14.3 MFCVisual C++)