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WORD FORMATIONWORD FORMATION

---- NGUYN PHI BNG -------- NGUYN PHI BNG ----

A.A. Noun-forming suffixes (Cc hu ! "o h#nh $%nh &'Noun-forming suffixes (Cc hu ! "o h#nh $%nh &'T ng t:T ng t:

'')men*)men*+er,+er,achieve (t c)achieve (t c)agree (ng )agree (ng )argue (tranh lun)argue (tranh lun)amaze (lm ngc nhin)amaze (lm ngc nhin)amuse (lm cho vui)amuse (lm cho vui)arrange (sp xp)arrange (sp xp)assign (ph!n c"ng)assign (ph!n c"ng)#evelop (ph$t tri%n)#evelop (ph$t tri%n)#isappoint (lm th&t v'ng)#isappoint (lm th&t v'ng)encourage (hun h*ch)encourage (hun h*ch)emplo (thu+ m,n)emplo (thu+ m,n)en-o (th*ch)en-o (th*ch)entertain (tiu hi%n)entertain (tiu hi%n)e.uip (trang /0)e.uip (trang /0)esta/lish (thit lp)esta/lish (thit lp)excite (*ch 1ng)excite (*ch 1ng)

improve (c2i tin)improve (c2i tin)manage (.u2n l+ gi2i .ut)manage (.u2n l+ gi2i .ut)move (#i chu%n)move (#i chu%n)

punish (pht)punish (pht)treat (3i 4i+i5u tr0)treat (3i 4i+i5u tr0)

NounNounachievementachievementagreementagreementargumentargumentamazementamazementamusementamusementarrangementarrangementassignmentassignment#evelopment#evelopment#isappointment#isappointmentencouragementencouragementemplomentemplomenten-omenten-omententertainmententertainmente.uipmente.uipmentesta/lishmentesta/lishmentexcitementexcitement

improvementimprovementmanagementmanagementmovementmovement

punishmentpunishmenttreatmenttreatment

')%nce -ence*')%nce -ence*+er,+er,ac.uaint (lm .uen)ac.uaint (lm .uen)appear (xu&t hi6n)appear (xu&t hi6n)assist (gi7p)assist (gi7p)atten# (tham #8)atten# (tham #8)#i99er (h$c nhau)#i99er (h$c nhau)

exist (tn ti)exist (tn ti)inherit (th:a h;ng)inherit (th:a h;ng)

per9orm (tri th t*n)allo? (cho ph@p)allo? (cho ph@p)

NounNounac.uaintanceac.uaintanceappearanceappearance

assistanceassistanceatten#anceatten#ance

A


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#i99erence#i99erenceexistenceexistenceinheritanceinheritance

per9ormanceper9ormancecorrespon#encecorrespon#enceallo?anceallo?ance

/' )ion*/' )ion*+er,+er,act (hnh 1ng)act (hnh 1ng)attract (thu h7t)attract (thu h7t)accommo#ate (;+ lm th*ch hp)accommo#ate (;+ lm th*ch hp)cele/rate (t> chBc l=)cele/rate (t> chBc l=)collect (su tCm)collect (su tCm)communicate (giao tip)communicate (giao tip)construct (x! #8ng)construct (x! #8ng)coDoperate (hp t$c)coDoperate (hp t$c)create (sang to)create (sang to)#ecorate (trang tr*)#ecorate (trang tr*)

#estro (ph$ huE)#estro (ph$ huE)#evote (#nh cho)#evote (#nh cho)#istri/ute (ph!n ph3i)#istri/ute (ph!n ph3i)e#ucate (gi$o #Fc)e#ucate (gi$o #Fc)9ascinate (lm sa m)9ascinate (lm sa m)inten# (#8 0nh)inten# (#8 0nh)intro#uce (gi,i thi6u)intro#uce (gi,i thi6u)invent (ph$t minh)invent (ph$t minh)in-ect (tim thu3c)in-ect (tim thu3c)

NounNounactionactionattractionattractionaccommo#ationaccommo#ationcele/rationcele/rationcollectioncollectioncommunicationcommunicationconstructionconstructioncoDoperationcoDoperationcreationcreation#ecoration#ecoration

#estruction#estruction#evotion#evotion#istri/ution#istri/utione#ucatione#ucation9ascination9ascinationintentionintentionintro#uctionintro#uctioninventioninventionin-ectionin-ection

participate (tham gia)participate (tham gia)pollute (lm " nhi=m)pollute (lm " nhi=m)prevent (ngGn ng:a)prevent (ngGn ng:a)pro#uce (s2n xu&t)pro#uce (s2n xu&t)promote (thGng chBc)promote (thGng chBc)translate (#0ch)translate (#0ch)

participationparticipationpollutionpollutionpreventionpreventionpro#uctionpro#uctionpromotionpromotiontranslationtranslation

#emonstrate (tr


3/12

NounNouna#mirationa#mirationcompetitioncompetitionconservationconservation9ormation9ormationin9ormationin9ormationinvitationinvitation

organize (t> chBc)organize (t> chBc)explain (gi2i th*ch)explain (gi2i th*ch)

pronounce (ph$t !m)pronounce (ph$t !m)prepare (chuJn /0)prepare (chuJn /0)

starve (Ki)starve (Ki)preserve (/2o .u2n)preserve (/2o .u2n)transport (chun ch;)transport (chun ch;)recognize (nhn ra)recognize (nhn ra)organizationorganizationexplanationexplanation

pronunciationpronunciation

preparationpreparationstarvationstarvationtransportationtransportation

preservationpreservationrecognitionrecognition

a## (thm) a##itiona## (thm) a##itionsocialize (x4 h1i ho$) socializationsocialize (x4 h1i ho$) socialization#estine (i n) #estination#estine (i n) #estinationreserve (#8 trL) reservationreserve (#8 trL) reservation

satis9 (tho2 m4n) satis9actionsatis9 (tho2 m4n) satis9actioninspire (c2m hBng) inspirationinspire (c2m hBng) inspiration

1'1')ing)ing +er, Noun+er, Noun

paint (vM) paintingpaint (vM) paintinggather (tp hp+ tF tp) gatheringgather (tp hp+ tF tp) gatheringmeet (gNp gO+ Kn) meetingmeet (gNp gO+ Kn) meeting

2' )er -or -%n -is*2' )er -or -%n -is*(P* #F)(P* #F)+er,+er,commute (i /Qng v@ th$ng)commute (i /Qng v@ th$ng)compete (tranh ti)compete (tranh ti)#?ell (;)#?ell (;)lea# (l4nh o)lea# (l4nh o)

participate (tham gia)participate (tham gia)per9orm (tr


4/12

tpisttpist cclistcclist

3' Bi4n 56i 57c ,i8*3' Bi4n 56i 57c ,i8*+er,+er,choose (ch'n l8a)choose (ch'n l8a)

#eci#e (.ut 0nh)#eci#e (.ut 0nh)succee# (thnh c"ng)succee# (thnh c"ng)tr (thS+ c3 gng)tr (thS+ c3 gng)re9use (t: ch3i)re9use (t: ch3i)arrive (n)arrive (n)survive (s3ng sKt)survive (s3ng sKt)9l (/a)9l (/a)#eliver (ph!n ph$t)#eliver (ph!n ph$t)complain (phn nn)complain (phn nn)?eigh (c!n nNng)?eigh (c!n nNng)mix (tr1n)mix (tr1n)compare (so s$nh)compare (so s$nh)

compel (/t /u1c)compel (/t /u1c)

NounNounchoicechoice#ecision#ecision

successsuccesstrialtrialre9usalre9usalarrivalarrivalsurvivalsurvival9light9light#eliver#elivercomplaintcomplaint?eight?eight

mixturemixturecomparisoncomparisoncompulsorcompulsor

A.A. Noun-forming suffixes (Cc hu ! "o h#nh $%nh &'Noun-forming suffixes (Cc hu ! "o h#nh $%nh &'T tnh t:T tnh t:

' )ness *' )ness *A$9eci:eA$9eci:ecare9ul (cJn thn)care9ul (cJn thn)careless (cJu th2)careless (cJu th2)

eager (h$o hBc)eager (h$o hBc)9ierce (#L tn)9ierce (#L tn)9ull (no)9ull (no)great (to+ l,n+ vT i)great (to+ l,n+ vT i)happ (vui vU)happ (vui vU)rea# (sVn sng)rea# (sVn sng)sa# (/un)sa# (/un)sh (e thWn)sh (e thWn)

NounNouncare9ulnesscare9ulnesscarelessnesscarelessness

eagernesseagerness9ierceness9ierceness9ullness9ullnessgreatnessgreatnesshappinesshappinessrea#inessrea#inesssa#nesssa#nessshnessshness

sic (/6nh)sic (/6nh)

thic (#)thic (#)use9ul (cK *ch)use9ul (cK *ch)tire# (m6t mXi)tire# (m6t mXi)?ea (u)?ea (u)?illing (sVn lYng)?illing (sVn lYng)

sicnesssicness

thicnessthicnessuse9ulnessuse9ulnesstire#nesstire#ness?eaness?eaness?illingness?illingness

9rien#l (th!n mt)9rien#l (th!n mt)poor (nghZo nn)poor (nghZo nn)ill (3m)ill (3m)

. )i;. )i;

9rien#liness9rien#linesspoornesspoornessillnessillness

[


5/12

A$9eci:eA$9eci:ea/le (cK h2 nGng)a/le (cK h2 nGng)active (hot 1ng)active (hot 1ng)

popular (ph> /in)popular (ph> /in)electric (ch /Qng i6n)electric (ch /Qng i6n)#i99icult (hK)#i99icult (hK)similar (gi3ng nhau)similar (gi3ng nhau)

sa9e (an ton)sa9e (an ton)

NounNouna/ilita/ilitactivitactivit

popularitpopularitelectricitelectricit#i99icult#i99icultsimilaritsimilarit

sa9etsa9etpossi/le (cK th%)possi/le (cK th%)responsi/le (cK tr$ch nhi6m)responsi/le (cK tr$ch nhi6m)special (Nc /i6t)special (Nc /i6t)

possi/ilitpossi/ilitresponsi/ilitresponsi/ilitspecialtspecialt

real (cK th8c)real (cK th8c)national (.u3c gia)national (.u3c gia)

#i99icult (hK)#i99icult (hK)

/. )/. ) -ce-ceA$9eci:eA$9eci:eassistant (gi7p O)assistant (gi7p O)con9i#ent (tin t;ng)con9i#ent (tin t;ng)convenient (thun ti6n)convenient (thun ti6n)#i99erent (h$c nhau)#i99erent (h$c nhau)important (.uan tr'ng)important (.uan tr'ng)intelligent (th"ng minh)intelligent (th"ng minh)in#epen#ent (1c lp)in#epen#ent (1c lp)#epen#ent (phF thu1c)#epen#ent (phF thu1c)

patient (in nh\n)patient (in nh\n)impatient (thiu in nh\n)impatient (thiu in nh\n)

realitrealitnationalitnationalit

#i99icult#i99icult

NounNounassistanceassistancecon9i#encecon9i#enceconvenienceconvenience#i99erence#i99erenceimportanceimportanceintelligenceintelligencein#epen#encein#epen#ence#epen#ence#epen#ence

patiencepatienceimpatienceimpatience#iligence#iligence

#iligent (cCn c])#iligent (cCn c])

0.Bi4n 56i 57c ,i8*0.Bi4n 56i 57c ,i8*

^


6/12

A$9eci:eA$9eci:eprou# (t8 ho)prou# (t8 ho)true (tht)true (tht)

NounNounpri#epri#etruthtruth

oung (trU)oung (trU) outhouth

NounNounchampion (nh v" 0ch)champion (nh v" 0ch)9rien# (ngHi /n)9rien# (ngHi /n)sportsman (ngHi ch_i th% thao)sportsman (ngHi ch_i th% thao)citizen (c"ng #!n)citizen (c"ng #!n)o?ner (ng s; hLu)o?ner (ng s; hLu)neigh/or (ng hng xKm)neigh/or (ng hng xKm)

NounNounchampionshipchampionship9rien#ship9rien#shipsportsmanshipsportsmanshipcitizenshipcitizenshipo?nershipo?nershipneigh/orhoo#neigh/orhoo#

chil# (Ba trU)chil# (Ba trU) chil#hoo# chil#hoo#

B.


7/12

. )ing -e$. )ing -e$+er,+er, A$9eci:eA$9eci:eamuse (lm cho vui)amuse (lm cho vui) amusing amuse#amusing amuse#amaze (lm ngc nhin)amaze (lm ngc nhin) amazing amaze#amazing amaze#

/ore (lm cho ch$n)/ore (lm cho ch$n) /oring /ore#/oring /ore#9ascinate (lm sa m)9ascinate (lm sa m) 9ascinating 9ascinate#9ascinating 9ascinate#interest (lm cho th*ch th7)interest (lm cho th*ch th7) interesting intereste#interesting intereste#surprise (lm ngc nhin)surprise (lm ngc nhin) surprising surprise#surprising surprise#thrill (lm hi h1p)thrill (lm hi h1p) thrilling thrille#thrilling thrille#anno (lm /8c me+er, A$9eci:e+er, A$9eci:een-o (th*ch th7+ c h;ng) en-oa/leen-o (th*ch th7+ c h;ng) en-oa/le9ashion (nNn+ rp theo hu"n) 9ashiona/le9ashion (nNn+ rp theo hu"n) 9ashiona/lecom9ort (lm hu! ho2) com9orta/lecom9ort (lm hu! ho2) com9orta/le

* T danh t:* T danh t:

. )%> - i%>. )%> - i%>NounNounagriculture (n"ng nghi6p)agriculture (n"ng nghi6p)

commerce (th_ng mi)commerce (th_ng mi)culture (vGn ho$)culture (vGn ho$)e#ucation (gi$o #Fc)e#ucation (gi$o #Fc)in#ustr (c"ng nghi6p)in#ustr (c"ng nghi6p)music (!m nhc)music (!m nhc)nation (.u3c gia)nation (.u3c gia)nature (thin nhin)nature (thin nhin)

pro9ession (ngh5 nghi6p)pro9ession (ngh5 nghi6p)option (l8a ch'n)option (l8a ch'n)region (v]ng+ mi5n)region (v]ng+ mi5n)

A$9eci:eA$9eci:eagriculturalagricultural

commercialcommercialculturalculturale#ucationale#ucationalin#ustrialin#ustrialmusicalmusicalnationalnationalnaturalnatural

pro9essionalpro9essionaloptionaloptionalregionalregional


8/12

. )ic -ic%> *. )ic -ic%> *NounNouneconom (inh t )econom (inh t )

A$9eci:eA$9eci:eeconomic (thu1c v5 inh t )economic (thu1c v5 inh t )economical (tit i6m)economical (tit i6m)

histor (l0ch sS)histor (l0ch sS) historic (.uan tr'ng trong l0ch sS )historic (.uan tr'ng trong l0ch sS )historical (cK lin .uan n l0ch sS)historical (cK lin .uan n l0ch sS)

/. );*/. );*NounNounhealth (sBc hXe)health (sBc hXe)clou# (m!)clou# (m!)9og (s_ng m])9og (s_ng m])

A$9eci:eA$9eci:ehealthhealthclou#clou#9ogg9ogg

sun (mNt trHi)sun (mNt trHi) sunnsunnrain (ma)rain (ma) rainrainsan# (c$t)san# (c$t) san#san#?in# (giK) ?in#?in# (giK) ?in#

-uice (n,c @p)-uice (n,c @p) -uic -uic

0. )>;*0. )>;*NounNoun

/rother (anh+ em trai)/rother (anh+ em trai)#a (ng)#a (ng)9rien# (/n)9rien# (/n)leisure (s8 nhn rbi)leisure (s8 nhn rbi)month (th$ng )month (th$ng )

mother (mW)mother (mW)ear (nGm)ear (nGm)?ee (tuCn)?ee (tuCn)

A$9eci:eA$9eci:e/rotherl/rotherl#ail#ail9rien#l9rien#lleisurelleisurelmonthlmonthl

motherlmotherlearlearl?eel?eel

1. -fu>> %n$ ->ess1. -fu>> %n$ ->essNounNouncare (s8 cJn thn)care (s8 cJn thn)color (mu)color (mu)help (s8 gi7p O)help (s8 gi7p O)hope (hi v'ng)hope (hi v'ng)

po?er (sBc mnh )po?er (sBc mnh )use (sS #Fng)use (sS #Fng)

/eaut (vU Wp)/eaut (vU Wp)plent (nhi5u)plent (nhi5u)

success (thnh c"ng)success (thnh c"ng)?aste (s8 ph* phm)?aste (s8 ph* phm)

clou# (m!)clou# (m!) A$9eci:e A$9eci:ecare9ul carelesscare9ul carelesscolor9ul colorlesscolor9ul colorlesshelp9ul helplesshelp9ul helplesshope9ul hopelesshope9ul hopeless

po?er9ul po?erlesspo?er9ul po?erlessuse9ul uselessuse9ul useless

/eauti9ul/eauti9ul

plenti9ulplenti9ulsuccess9ulsuccess9ul


9/12

?aste9ul?aste9ul clou#less clou#less

2. )ous2. )ousNounNouna#venture (s8 phiu lu)a#venture (s8 phiu lu)#anger (s8 ngu hi%m)#anger (s8 ngu hi%m)9ame (#anh ting)9ame (#anh ting)

A$9eci:eA$9eci:ea#venturousa#venturous#angerous#angerous9amous9amous

courage (s8 can 2m+ #dng c2m) courageouscourage (s8 can 2m+ #dng c2m) courageous

poison (ch&t 1c) poisonouspoison (ch&t 1c) poisonous

3. )ic3. )icNounNouncome# (hi 0ch)come# (hi 0ch)#rama (0ch)#rama (0ch)science (hoa h'c)science (hoa h'c)trage# (/i 0ch)trage# (/i 0ch)

A$9eci:eA$9eci:ecomiccomic#ramatic#ramaticscienti9icscienti9ictragictragic

C.


10/12

sm/olizesm/olize minimizeminimizemaximum (t3i a)maximum (t3i a)mo#ern (ng cn i)mo#ern (ng cn i)social (/u>i h'p mNt)social (/u>i h'p mNt)

. )en. )enA$9eci:eA$9eci:e#ar (t3i)#ar (t3i)long (#i)long (#i)sharp (sc)sharp (sc)short (ngn)short (ngn)

strong (mnh)strong (mnh)?ea (u)?ea (u)?i#e (r1ng)?i#e (r1ng)smart (/2nh /ao+ th"ng minh)smart (/2nh /ao+ th"ng minh)

maximizemaximizemo#ernizemo#ernizesocializesocialize

+er,+er,#aren#arenlengthenlengthensharpensharpenshortenshorten

strengthenstrengthen?eaen?eaen?i#en?i#ensmartensmarten

. i)

A$:er,A$:er,

Af

A$:er, of %nner D A$9eci:e E >;


11/12

attractivelattractivel/eauti9ull/eauti9ull/rightl/rightl/usil/usilcare9ullcare9ullcarelesslcarelessl

con9i#entlcon9i#entlconstantlconstantleagerleagerleasileasileconomicalleconomicallexcite#lexcite#l

9ortunate (ma mn)9ortunate (ma mn)

9ull (C )9ull (C )ga (vui vU)ga (vui vU)gentle (m)gentle (m)happ (vui+ hnh ph7c)happ (vui+ hnh ph7c)late (mu1n+ tr=)late (mu1n+ tr=)lou# (l,n )lou# (l,n )

9ortunatel9ortunatel

9ull9ullgailgailgentlgentlhappilhappillatellatellou#llou#l

popular (ph> /in )popular (ph> /in )pro#uctive (cK nGng su&t)pro#uctive (cK nGng su&t)prou# (t8 ho)prou# (t8 ho)

.uic (nhanh).uic (nhanh).uiet (n tTnh).uiet (n tTnh)

popularlpopularlpro#uctivelpro#uctivelprou#lprou#l

.uicl.uicl.uietl.uietlsurprising ($ng inh ngc)surprising ($ng inh ngc)luc (ma)luc (ma)

surprisinglsurprisingllucillucil

1.he organize# a part in o9 the earjs successesk (cele/rate)

2.

he ^fth

?e##ing anniversar is calle# the anniversark (gol#)3.9ter the got + she never remarrie#k (#ivorce)4.e ?ish them ever in their ne? li9ek (happ)5.he lighting in the room is 9unctional as ?ell as k (#ecorate)

6.he postpone# the race /ecause o9 heav sno?kk (organize)

k ejre having a small 9amil to mar our ?e##ing anniversark(gather)

8. have no o9 changing -o/sk (inten#)

9.he 9oo# ?as goo# /ut the ?as ver slo?k (serve)10.o/o# in the o99ice ha# receive# an to the partk (invite)

AA


12/12

here is consi#era/le pu/lic concern in haston(f)following the #iscover on ues#a evening o9 ametal (A) 9ille# ?ith (I) li.ui#k heo/-ect ?as 9oun# / a local (R) ?aling his

#og in a 9iel# /ehin# a ne?lD/uilt chemical 9actork set+ the 9actor has /een ([) to provi#e an(^) as to ho? the o/-ect came to /e in the 9iel#k spoesperson state# that a 9ull (`) ?astaing place an# that () proce#ures ?ere

/eing revie?e#k qeople living in the () areangr+ as a ear ago+ the ha# ?ith#ra?n their o/-ectionsto the () to /uil# the 9actor here a9ter thecompan state# that no (Af) chemicals ?oul#

/e pro#uce# on this sitek

qww

yw{qPw|ww}w

w|~yww|w

AI

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