Chuyên đề 1 - Cấu tạo nguyên tử - bảng tuần hoàn các nguyên tố hóa học

7/27/2019 Chuyn 1 - Cu to nguyn t - bng tun hon cc nguyn t ha hc

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CHUYN : CU TO NGUYN T- BNG TUN HON HA HC

Bin son: Thy Ng Xun QunhT: 0979.817.885 E_mail: [email protected]

Website: http://www.hoahoc.org Trang 1/12

DNG 1: BI TP VTHNH PHN CA NGUYN TCu 1:Ht nhn ca hu ht cc nguyn tdo cc loi ht sau cu to nnA. electron, proton v ntron B. electron v ntronC. proton v ntron D. electron v protonCu 2:Mt nguyn tc c trng c bn bngA. Sproton v in tch ht nhn B. Sproton v selectronC. Skhi A v sntron D. Skhi A v in tch ht nhn

Cu 3:Nguyn tha hc bao gm cc nguyn t:A. C cng skhi A B. C cng sprotonC. C cng sntron D. C cng sproton v sntronCu 4:iu khng nh no sau y l sai ?A. Ht nhn nguyn tc cu to nn bi cc ht proton, electron, ntron.B. Trong nguyn tsht proton bng sht electron.C. Skhi A l tng sproton (Z) v tng sntron (N).D. Nguyn tc cu to nn bi cc ht proton, electron, ntron.Cu 5:Pht biu no sau y khngng?A. Nguyn tc cu to tcc ht c bn lproton, electron, ntron

B. Nguyn tc cu trc c kht, gm vnguyn tv ht nhn nguyn t.C. Ht nhn nguyn tcu to bi cc ht proton v ht ntron.D. Vnguyn tc cu to tcc ht electron.Cu 6:Mnh no sau y khngng ?(1) Sin tch ht nhn c trng cho 1 nguyn t. (2) Chc ht nhn nguyn toxi mi c 8 proton.(3) Chc ht nhn nguyn toxi mi c 8 ntron. (4) Chc trong nguyn toxi mi c 8 electron.A. 3 v 4 B. 1 v 3 C. 4 D. 3

Cu 7:Chn cu pht biu sai :1. Trong mt nguyn tlun lun c sprtn = selectron = sin tch ht nhn2. Tng sprton v selectron trong mt ht nhn gi l skhi3. Skhi A l khi lng tuyt i ca nguyn t4. Sprton = in tch ht nhn5. ng vl cc nguyn tc cng sprton nhng khc nhau vsntronA. 2, 4, 5 B. 2, 3 C. 3, 4 D. 2, 3, 4

Cu 8:Cho ba nguyn tc k hiu l Mg2412 , Mg25

12 , Mg26

12 . Pht biu no sau y l sai ?A. Sht electron ca cc nguyn tln lt l: 12, 13, 14 B. y l 3 ng vca kim loi MagieC. Ba nguyn ttrn u thuc nguyn tMg. D. Ht nhn ca mi ngtu c 12 proton.Cu 9:Chn cu pht biu sai:A. S khi bng tng s ht p v n B. Tng s p v s e c gi l s khiC. Trong 1 nguyn t s p = s e = in tch ht nhn D. S p bng s eCu 10:Nguyn t Al2713

c :

A. 13p, 13e, 14n. B. 13p, 14e, 14n.

C. 13p, 14e, 13n. D. 14p, 14e, 13n.

Cu 11:Nguyn tcanxi c k hiu l Ca4020 . Pht biu no sau y sai ?

A. Nguyn tCa c 2 electron lp ngoi cng. B. Shiu nguyn tca Ca l 20.C. Canxi th20 trong bng tun hon. D. Tng sht c bn ca canxi l 40.Cu 12*:Cho cc pht biu sau, nhng pht biu ng:1. Obitan nguyn tl vng khng gian quanh ht nhn, xc sut hin din ca electron l rt ln (> 90%).2. m my electron khng c ranh gii r rt cn obitan nguyn tc ranh gii r rt.3. Mi obitan nguyn tcha ti a 2 electron vi chiu tquay ging nhau.4. Trong cng mt phn lp, cc electron sc phn btrn cc obitan sao cho cc electron c thn l tia v cc electron phi c chiu tquay khc nhau.5. Mi obitan nguyn tcha ti a 2 electron vi chiu tquay khc nhau.

A. 1, 3, 5. B. 3, 2, 4. C. 3, 5, 4. D. 1, 2, 5.


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DNG 2: TM SP, E, N, SKHI A -VIT K HIU NGUYN T

LU : NgtX c sht ( p, n,e ) nhn thm a electron Ion Xa-c sht l ( p, n, e + a)NgtY c sht (p, n, e) nhng (cho) b electron Ion Yb+c sht l ( p, n, e - b)

Cu 13:Nguyn tca nguyn tX c tng sht l 40 .Tng sht mang in nhiu hn tng sht khngmang in l 12 ht .Nguyn tX c skhi l :

A. 27 B. 26 C. 28 D. 23Cu 14:Trong nguyn tmt nguyn tA c tng scc loi ht l 58. Bit sht p t hn sht n l 1 ht. Khiu ca A l

A.K38

19 B.K39

19 C.K

39

20 D.K38

20

Cu 15:Tng cc ht c bn trong mt nguyn t l 155 ht. Trong sht mang in nhiu hn shtkhng mang in l 33 ht. Skhi ca nguyn t lA. 119 B. 113 C. 112 D. 108

Cu 16:Tng cc ht c bn trong mt nguyn tl 82 ht. Trong sht mang in nhiu hn sht khngmang in l 22 ht. Skhi ca nguyn t lA. 57 B. 56 C. 55 D. 65

Cu 17:Ngt ca nguyn tY c cu to bi 36 ht .Trong ht nhn, ht mang in bng sht khngmang in.1/ Sn vin tch ht nhn Z l :A. 10 B. 11 C. 12 D.15

2/ Skhi A ca ht nhn l :A . 23 B. 24 C. 25 D. 27

Cu 18: Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c tng s ht c bn l 49, trong s ht khng mang in bng53,125% sht mang in.in tch ht nhn ca X l:

A. 18 B. 17 C. 15 D. 16

Cu 19:Nguyn t nguyn t X -c cu to bi 36 ht, trong s ht mang in gp i s ht khng mangin. in tch ht nhn ca X l:

A. 10 B. 12 C. 15 D. 18Cu 20:Nguyn tca mt nguyn tc 122 ht p,n,e. Sht mang in trong nhn t hn sht khng mangin l 11 ht. Skhi ca nguyn ttrn l:

A. 122 B. 96 C. 85 D. 74

Cu 21:Nguyn t X c tng s ht p,n,e l 52 v s khi l 35. S hiu nguyn t ca X lA. 17 B. 18 C. 34 D. 52

Cu 22:Nguyn tX c tng sht p, n, e l 28 ht. K hiu nguyn tca X lA. X168 B. X

19

9 C. X109

D. X189

Cu 23:Tng s ht proton, ntron, electron trong nguyn t ca mt nguyn t l 13. S khi ca nguyn tl:

A. 8 B. 10 C. 11 D. Tt c u sai

Cu 24:Tng sht mang in trong ion AB43-l 50. Sht mang in trong nguyn tA nhiu hn sht

mang in trong ht nhn nguyn tB l 22. Shiu nguyn tA, B ln lt l:A. 16 v 7 B. 7 v 16 C. 15 v 8 D. 8 v 15

Cu 25:Trong phn t M2X c tng s ht p,n,e l 140, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khngmang in l 44 ht. S khi ca M ln hn s khi ca X l 23. Tng s ht p,n,e trong nguyn t M nhiuhn trong nguyn t X l 34 ht. CTPT ca M2X l:A. K2O B. Rb2O C. Na2O D. Li2O

Cu 26:Trong phn tMX2c tng sht p,n,e bng 164 ht, trong sht mang in nhiu hn shtkhng mang in l 52 ht. Skhi ca nguyn tM ln hn skhi ca nguyn tX l 5. Tng sht p,n,e

trong nguyn tM ln hn trong nguyn tX l 8 ht. Tng sht p,n,e trong nguyn tM ln hn trongnguyn tX l 8 ht. Shiu nguyn tca M l:

A. 12 B. 20 C. 26 D. 9


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DNG 3: XC NH NGTKHI TRUNG BNH, SKHI, % CC NG VDng 1: Tnh nguyn tkhi trung bnh.- Nu cha c skhi A1; A2. ta tm A1= p + n1; A2= p+ n2; A3= p + n3- p dng cng thc :A =

100

...A332211

xAxAx trong A1, A2, A3 l skhi ca cc ng v1, 2, 3

x1, x2, x3l % snguyn tca cc ng v1, 2, 3

hoc A =321

332211 ...A

xxx

xAxAx

trong A1, A2, A3 l skhi ca cc ng v1, 2, 3

x1, x2, x3l snguyn tca cc ng v1, 2,3Dng 2: Xc nh phn trm cc ng v-Gi % ca ng v1 l x % % ca ng v2 l (100x).- Lp phng trnh tnh nguyn tkhi trung bnh gii c x.Dng 3: Xc nh skhi ca cc ng v- Gi skhi cc ng v1, 2 ln lt l A1; A2.- Lp h2 phng trnh cha n A1; A2gii hc A1; A2.Dng 4: Xc nh hm lng % ca ng v 1A X trong hp cht YaXb.- Xc nh hm lng ca ng v 1A X c trong hn hp cc ng vca nguyn tX.- Hm lng % ca ng v 1A X trong phn tl: 1 1%. .%

.

A x A bX

Ya X b

(x% l hm lng % ca 1A X )

Cu 27:nh ngha v ng v no sau y ng:A. ng v l tp hp cc nguyn t c cng s ntron, khc nhau s prton.B. ng v l tp hp cc nguyn t c cng s ntron, khc nhau s prtonC. ng v l tp hp cc nguyn t c cng s prton, khc nhau s ntronD. ng v l tp hp cc nguyn t c cng s proton, khc nhau s ntronCu 28:Trong dy k hiu cc nguyn tsau, dy no chcng mt nguyn tha hc:

A. 6A14; 7B

15 B. 8C16; 8D

17; 8E18 C. 26G

56; 27F56 D. 10H

20 ; 11I22

Cu 29:Oxi c 3 ng v 168 O, 178 O, 188 O skiu phn tO2c thto thnh l:A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6

Cu 30:Trong tnhin H c 3 ng v: 1H, 2H, 3H. Oxi c 3 ng v16O, 17O, 18O. Hi c bao nhiu loi phntH2O c to thnh tcc loi ng vtrn:

A. 3 B. 16 C. 18 D. 9

Cu 31:Nit trong thin nhin l hn hp gm hai ng vl N147

(99,63%) v N157

(0,37%). Nguyn tkhi

trung bnh ca nit lA. 14,7 B. 14,0 C. 14,4 D. 13,7

Cu 32:Tnh ngtkhi trung bnh ca Mg bit Mg c 3 ng v Mg2412 ( 79%), Mg25

12 ( 10%), cn li l Mg26

12 ?

Cu 33:Nguyn tCu c hai ng vbn l Cu6329

v Cu6529

. Nguyn tkhi trung bnh ca Cu l 63,54. Tl

% ng v Cu6329 , Cu65

29ln lt l

A. 70% v 30% B. 27% v 73% C. 73% v 27% D. 64% v 36 %

Cu 34:Khi l-ng nguyn t trung bnh ca Brm l 79,91. Brm c hai ng v, trong ng v 35Br79

chim 54,5%. Khi l-ng nguyn t ca ng v th hai s l:A. 77 B. 78 C. 80 D. 81

Cu 35:Nguyn t Bo c 2 ng v 11B (x1%) v10B (x2%), nguyn t khi trung bnh ca Bo l 10,8. Gi tr

ca x1% l:A. 80% B. 20% C. 10,8% D. 89,2%

Cu 36:Nguyn tX c 2 ng v, t lsnguyn tca ng v1, ng v2 l 31 : 19. ng v1 c 51proton, 70 ntronv ng vth2 hn ng v1 l 2 ntron. Tm nguyn tkhi trung bnh ca X ?

Cu 37:Clo co hai ong v la 35 3717 17;Cl Cl . T le so nguyen t cua hai ong v nay la 3 : 1. Tnh nguyen t

lng trung bnh cua Clo.


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Cu 38:ng c 2 ng v Cu6329 ; Cu65

29 , bit t lsnguyn tca chng ln lt l 105 : 245. Tnh ngt

khi trung bnh ca Cu ?

Cu 39: Trong tnhin ng (k hiu ha hc l: Cu) c 2 ng vl 63Cu v 65Cu. Nguyn tkhi trung bnh

ca Cu l 63,54. Tnh thnh phn % khi lng ca 63Cu trong CuSO4?

Cu 40:X c 2 ng v l X1v X2. Tng sht khng mang in ca X1v X2l 90. Nu cho 1,2g Ca tc

dng vi 1 lng X va thu c 5,994g hp cht CaX2. Bit tlsnguyn tX1:X2 = 605:495 v X th35 trong bng tun hon. Skhi ca X1v X2l:A. 79 v 81 B. 80 v 81 C. 78 v 80 D. 80 v 82

Cu 41: Trong tnhin clo c hai ng vbn l 3717

Cl chim 24,23% tng snguyn t, cn li l 3517

Cl . Thnh

phn % theo khi lng 3717

Cl trong HClO4.

A. 8,56% B. 8,92% C. 8,79% D. 8,43%

Cu 42:Nguyn tkhi trung bnh ca Bo (B) bng 10,81 u. Bit B gm c hai ng v 105B v

11

5B . Hi c

bao nhiu phn trm snguyn tng v 115B trong phn taxit H3BO3.

Cu 43: Cho 8 gam mt kim loi R thuc nhm IIA tc dng va vi clo d, sau phn ng thy c 22,2 gammui X. Mt khc clo trong tnhin c hai ng v 37

17Cl v 35

17Cl v nguyn tkhi trung bnh ca clo l 35,5.

Xc nh % khi lng ca ng v 3717

Cl c trong mui X.

DNG 4:MI QUAN HGIA THTCH, BN KNH

KHI LNG RING CA HT NHN V NGUYN TPhng php gii:

- Thtch ca ht nhn nguyn tv nguyn ttnh theo cng thc thtch hnh cu:34

3V r (r l bn knh ca ht nhn v nguyn t; c gi trl 3,14)

- n vca V phthuc vo n vca r: 1nm = 10-9m = 10-7cm = 10A - Khi lng ring ca ht nhn hoc nguyn tc xc nh theo cng thc:

3 3/ hoc /m

D g cm kg mV

Bi tp vn dng:Cu 1: Nguyn tkm c bn knh r = 1,35.10-1nm v c nguyn tkhi l 65u.

a. Xc nh khi lng ring ca nguyn tkm (g/cm3)b. Thc thu nhu khi lng ca nguyn ttp trung ht nhn c bn knh r = 2.10-6nm. Tnh khi

lng ring ht nhn nguyn tkm (g/cm3).c. Nu trong tinh th, cc nguyn tkm chchim khong 70% thtch, phn cn li l rng th thc t

khi lng ring ca km l bao nhiu g/cm3.Cu 2: Trong mt tbo n vca tinh thX (mng lp phng tm din, vi cnh ca hnh lp phng l a =3,62.10-8cm) c 4 n vcu trc. Khi lng ring ca nguyn tny l 8920 kg/m3. Bit trong tbo lp

phng tm din, bn knh nguyn tca nguyn tl r =2

4

a.

a. Tnh th tch ca cc nguyn t trong mt tbo v phn trm th tch ca tbo b chim bi ccnguyn tx.

b. Xc nh nguyn tX.


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DNG 5: TM NGTV VIT CU HNH E CA NGT- C IM E CA LP, PHN LPTm Z Tn nguyn t, vit cu hnh electron

Cu 39:Hy vit cu hnh electron nguyn tca cc nguyn tsau:

6C ,

8O ,

12Mg , 15 P , 20 Ca , 18 Ar , 32 Ge , 35 Br, 30 Zn , 29 Cu .

- Cho bit nguyn tno l kim loi , nguyn tno l phi kim, nguyn tno l kh him? V sao?- Cho bit nguyn tno thuc nguyn ts , p , d , f ? V sao?

Cu 40:Ba nguyen t A, B, C co so hieu nguyen t la 3 so t nhien lien tiep. Tong so e cua chung la 51.Hay viet cau hnh e va cho biet ten cua chung.Cu 41:a) Nguyn tca nguyn tX c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l 4s24p4. Hy vit cu hnh electronca nguyn tX.

b) Nguyn tca nguyn tY c tng selectron cc phn lp p l 11. Hy vit cu hnh electron canguyn tY.Cu 42:Mt nguyn tX c shiu nguyn tZ =19. Slp electron trong nguyn tX lA. 4 B. 5 C. 3 D. 6

Cu 43:Nguyn tca nguyn tnhm c 13e v cu hnh electron l 1s22s22p63s23p1. Kt lun no sau yng ?A. Lp electron ngoi cng ca nhm c 3e.B. Lp electron ngoi cng ca nhm c 1e.C. Lp L (lp th2) ca nhm c 3e.D. Lp L (lp th2) ca nhm c 3e hay ni cch khc l lp electron ngoi cng ca nhm c 3e.Cu 44:trng thi c bn, nguyn tca nguyn tc shiu bng 7 c my electron c thn ?A. 3 B. 5 C. 2 D. 1

Cu 45:Mc nng lng ca cc electron trn cc phn lp s, p, d thuc cng mt lp c xp theo tht:A. d < s < p. B. p < s < d. C. s < p < d. D. s < d < p.

Cu 46:Cc nguyn tc Z 20, thomn iu kin c 2e c thn lp ngoi cng lA. Ca, Mg, Na, K B. Ca, Mg, C, Si C. C, Si, O, S D. O, S, Cl, F

Cu 47:Nguyn tM c cu hnh electron ca phn lp ngoi cng l 3d7. Tng selectron ca nguyn tMl:

A. 24 B. 25 C. 27 D. 29

Cu 48:Electron cui cng ca mt nguyn tM in vo phn lp 3d3. Selectron ha trca M lA. 3 B. 2 C. 5 D.4

Cu 49:Mt nguyn tX c tng selectron cc phn lp s l 6 v tng selectron lp ngoi cng l 6. Chobit X thuc vnguyn tho hc no sau y?

A. Oxi (Z = 8) B. Lu hunh (Z = 16) C. Flo (Z = 9) D. Clo (Z = 17)Cu 50:Mt ngtX c tng se cc phn lp p l 11. Hy cho bit X thuc vnguyn tho hc no ?

A. nguyn ts. B. nguyn tp. C. nguyn td. D. nguyn tf.Cu 51:Nguyn tca nguyn tX c tng selectron trong cc phn lp p l 7. Nguyn tca nguyn tY

c tng sht mang in nhiu hn tng sht mang in ca X l 8. X v Y l cc nguyn t:A. Al v Br B. Al v Cl C. Mg v Cl D. Si v Br.Cu 52:Nguyn t nguyn t X c e cui cng in vo phn lp 3p 1. Nguyn t nguyn t Y c e cui cngin vo phn lp 3p3. S proton ca X, Y ln l-t l:

A. 13 v 15 B. 12 v 14 C. 13 v 14 D. 12 v 15

Cu 53:Electron cui cng ca nguyn t nguyn t X phn b vo phn lp 3d6. X lA. Zn B. Fe C. Ni D. S

Cu 54:Mt nguyn tX c 3 lp. trng thi c bn, selectron ti a trong lp M l:A. 2 B. 8 C. 18 D. 32

Cu 55:Mot nguyen t co Z la 14 th nguyen t o co ac iem sau:

A. So obitan con trong trong lp vo la 1. C. So obitan trong la 6.

B. So electron oc than la 2. D. A, B eu ung.


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DNG 6: VIT CU HNH E CA IONXC NH TNH CHT CA NGUYN T

1. Tcu hnh e ca nguyn t Cu hnh e ca ion tng ng.- Cu hnh e ca ion dng : bt i se phn lp ngoi cng ca ngtbng ng in tch ion .- Cu hnh e ca ion m : nhn thm se bng ng in tch ion vo phn lp ngoi cng ca ngt.2. Da vo cu hnh e, xc nh cu to nguyn t, tnh cht ca nguyn t.

- Lp ngoi cng c 8 e ngtkh him

- Lp ngoi cng c 1, 2, 3 e ngtkim loi- Lp ngoi cng c 5, 6, 7 ngtphi kim- Lp ngoi cng c 4 e c thl kim loi, hay phi kim.

Cu 57:Hy vit cu hnh electron : Fe , Fe2+, Fe3+, S , S2-, Rb v Rb+. Bit : ZFe= 26 ; ZS= 16 ; ZRb

= 37.

Cu 58:Vit cu hnh electron ca cc ngt, ion sau : Al ( Z = 13); Al3+; Fe ( Z= 26); Fe2+; Br ( Z= 35); Br-?Cu 59:Cho bit st c shiu nguyn tl 26. Cu hnh electron ca ion Fe2+l:

A. 1s22s22p63s23p64s2 B. 1s22s22p63s23p63d6

C. 1s22s22p63s23p63d5 D. 1s22s22p63s23p63d4

Cu 60:Cu trc electron no sau y l ca ion Cu+.A. 1s22s22p63s23p63d94s1. B. 1s22s22p63s23p63d10. C. 1s22s22p63s23p63d9. D. 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s1

Cu 61:Cu2+c cu hnh electron l:A. 1s22s22p63s23p63d94s2 B. 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s1 C. 1s22s22p63s23p63d9 D. 1s22s22p63s23p63d8

Cu 62:Ion X2-v M3+ u c cu hnh electron l 1s22s22p6. X, M l nhng nguyn tno sau y ?A. F, Ca B. O, Al C. S, Al D. O, Mg

Cu 63:Dy gm nguyn tX, cc ion Y2+v Z-u c cu hnh electron : 1s22s22p63s23p6l:A. Ne, Mg2+, F- B. Ar, Mg2+, F- C. Ne, Ca2+, Cl- D. Ar,Ca2+, Cl-

Cu 64:Cation R+c cu hnh electron phn lp ngoi cng l 2p6. Vy cu hnh electron ca nguyn tR lA.1s22s22p5 B.1s22s22p63s2 C.1s22s22p63s23p1 D.1s22s22p63s1

Cu 65:Ion M3+c cu hnh electron phn lp ngoi cng l 3d5. Vy cu hnh electron ca M lA. 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d8 B. 1s22s22p63s23p63d64s2

C. 1s22s22p63s23p63d8 D. 1s22s22p63s23p63d54s24p1

Cu 66:Cu hnh e ca ion Mn2+

l : 1s

2

2s

2

2p

6

3s

2

3p

6

3d

5

. Cu hnh e ca Mn l :A.1s22s22p63s23p63d7 C. 1s22s22p63s23p63d54s2B.1s22s22p63s23p64s24p5 D.1s22s22p63s23p63d34s24p2

Cu 67:Cho bit cu hnh electron ca cc nguyn tX : 1s22s22p63s23p4 ; Y : 1s22s22p63s23p64s2 ; Z : 1s22s22p63s23p6.

Nguyn tno l kim loi ?A. X B. Y C. Z D. X v Y

Cu 68:Cho cc nguyn tc shiu tng ng l:X (Z1= 11) , Y (Z2= 14) , Z (Z3= 17) , T (Z4= 20) , R (Z5= 10).

Cc nguyn tl kim loi gm :A. Y, Z, T. B. Y, T, R. C. X, Y, T. D. X, T.

Cu 69:Cu trc electron no sau y l ca phi kim:(1). 1s22s22p63s23p4. (4). [Ar]3d54s1.

(2). 1s22s22p63s23p63d24s2. (5). [Ne]3s23p3.

(3). 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p3. (6). [Ne]3s23p64s2.

A. (1), (2), (3). B. (1), (3), (5). C. (2), (3), (4). D. (2), (4), (6).

Cu 70:Cho cc cu hnh electron sau:a. 1s22s1. b. 1s22s22p63s23p64s1. c. 1s22s22p63s23p1

d. 1s22s22p4. e. 1s22s22p63s23p63d44s2 f. 1s22s22p63s23p63d54s2

g. 1s22s22p63s23p5. h. 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p5 i. 1s22s22p63s23p2

j. 1s22s22p63s1. k. 1s22s22p3. l. 1s2.

* Cc nguyn tc tnh cht phi kim gm:A. ( c, d, f, g, k) B. ( d, f, g, j, k) C. ( d, g, h, k ) D. ( d, g, h, i, k).

* Cc nguyn tc tnh kim loi :A. ( a, b, e, f, j, l). B. ( a, f, j, l) C. ( a, b,c, e, f, j) D. ( a, b, j, l).


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DNG 7: TCU HNH ELECTRON CA NGUYN T VTR TRONG BTHLu :

- Cu hnh electron ca nguyn tbiu din sphn b, sp xp ca cc electron theo thtca cc lp v ccphn t(1s/2s2p/3s3p3d/4s4p4d4f/5s5p5d5f/....)- Tcu hnh ion => cu hnh electron ca nguyn t=> vtr trong BTH

( khng dng cu hnh ion => vtr nguyn t)- Tvtr trong BTH cu hnh electron ca nguyn t

+ Tsthtchu k => slp electron => lp ngoi cng l lp thmy+ Tsthtnhm => selectron ca lp ngoi cng ( vi nhm A) cu hnh electron.

Nu cu hnh e ngoi cng : (n-1)dansbth nguyn tthuc nhm B v :+ nu a + b < 8 STT nhm = a + b.+ nu a + b = 8, 9, 10 STT nhm = 8.+ nu a + b > 10 STT nhm = a + b10.

- Mt snguyn tnguyn tc cu hnh electron c dng:

9 2 10 1

4 2 5 1

1 1

1 1

n d ns n d ns

n d ns n d ns

Cu 71:Nguyn tA c Z = 18,vtr ca A trong bng tun hon l:

A. chu k 3, phn nhm VIB B. chu k 3, phn nhm VIIIAC. chu k 3, phn nhm VIA D. chu k 3, phn nhm VIIIB

Cu 72:Nguyn tR c Z = 25,vtr ca R trong bng tun hon l:A. chu k 4, phn nhm VIIA B. chu k 4, phn nhm VB

C. chu k 4, phn nhm IIA D. chu k 4, phn nhm VIIB

Cu 73:Nguyn tA c mc nng lng ngoi cng l 3p5. NgtB c mc nng lng ngoi cng 4s2. Xcnh vtr ca A, B trong BTH ?Cu 74:Xc nh vtr ca cc ngtc mc nng lng ngoi cng l :A. 3s23p5 B. 3d104p6 C. 4s23d3 D. 4s23d10 E. 4s23d8

Cu 75:Cho 3 nguyn tA, M, X c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng (n = 3) tng ng l ns1, ns2np1, ns2np5. Pht biu no sau y sai?

A. A, M, X ln lt l cc th11, 13 v 17 ca bng tun hon.B. A, M, X u thuc chu k 3 ca bng tun hon.C. A, M, X thuc nhm IA, IIIA v VIIA ca bng tun hon.D. Trong ba nguyn t, chc X to c hp cht vi hiro.

Cu 76:Anion X3-c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l 3s23p6. Vtr ca X trong BTH l:A. th15, chu k 3, phn nhm VA B. th16, chu k 2, phn nhm VAC. th17, chu k 3, phn nhm VIIA D. th21, chu k 4, phn nhm IIIB

Cu 77:Ion X2+c cu hnh electron 1s22s22p6. Vtr ca X trong bng tun hon (chu k, nhm) lA. Chu k 3, nhm IIA B. Chu k 2, nhm VIA

C. Chu k 2, nhm VIIA D. Chu k 3, nhm IA

Cu 78:Ion Yc cu hnh electron 1s22s22p63s23p6. Vtr ca Y trong bng tun hon (chu k, nhm) lA. Chu k 3, nhm VIIA B. Chu k 3, nhm VIAC. Chu k 4, nhm IA D. Chu k 4, nhm IIA

Cu 79:Cation X+v anion Y2-u c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l 3s23p6. V tr ca cc nguyn ttrong BTH l:

A. X c STT 19, chu k 4, nhm IA; Y c STT 17, chu k 3, nhm VIIA

B. X c STT 18, chu k 3, nhm VIIIA; Y c STT 17, chu k 3, nhm VIIA

C. X c STT 19, chu k 4, nhm IA; Y c STT 16, chu k 3, nhm VIA

D. X c STT 18, chu k 3, nhm VIIIA; Y c STT 16, chu k 3, nhm VIA

Cu 80:Nguyn tY c Z = 22.a. Vit cu hnh electron ngtY, xc nh vtr ca Y trong BTH ?

b. Vit cu hnh electron ca Y2+; Y4+?Cu 81:NgtA chu k 5, nhm IA, nguyn tB c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l 4p5.a. Vit cu hnh electron ca A, B v vtr ca nguyn tA v B.b. Gi tn A, B v cho bit A, B l kim loi, phi kim hay kh him ?


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DNG 8: XC NH 2 NGUYN TKTIP TRONG CNG 1 CHU K HOC CNG NHM- Nu A, B l 2 nguyn tnm ktip nhau trong 1 chu k ZBZA= 1- Nu A, B l 2 nguyn tthuc 1 nhm A v 2 chu k lin tip th gia A, B c thcch nhau 8, 18 hoc 32nguyn t. Lc ny cn xt bi ton 3 trng hp:

+ Trng hp 1: A, B cch nhau 8 nguyn t: ZBZA= 8.+ Trng hp 2: A, B cch nhau 18 nguyn t: ZBZA= 18.+ Trng hp 3: A, B cch nhau 32 nguyn t: ZBZA= 32.

Phng php :- Lp hphng trnh theo 2 n ZB, ZA ZB, ZA- in tch ht nhn trung bnh ca 2 nguyn tA v B l: 2

2

AA B

Z ZZ Z Z Z

Cu 1:A, B l 2 nguyn tthuc cng 1 phn nhm v thuc 2 chu k lin tip trong BTH. Bit ZA+ ZB= 32.Sproton trong nguyn tca A, B ln lt l:

A. 7, 25 B. 12, 20 C. 15, 17 D. 8, 14

Cu 2:A, B l 2 nguyn t thuc cng 1 phn nhm v thuc 2 chu k lin tip trong BTH. Tng sprotontrong ht nhn 2 nguyn tl 30. A, B l nguyn tno sau y?

A. Li v Na B. Na v K C. Mg v Ca D. Be v Mg

Cu 3:A va B la hai nguyen to thuoc cung mot phan nhom chnh va hai chu ky nho lien tiep trong hethong tuan hoan. Tong so p cua chung la 32. Xac nh so hieu nguyen t va viet cau hnh e cua A, B.Cu 4:A va B la hai nguyen to thuoc cung mot phan nhom chnh va hai chu ky lien tiep trong he thongtuan hoan. Tong so ien tch hat nhan cua chung la 24. Tm so hieu nguyen t va viet cau hnh e cua A, B.Cu 5:A va B la hai nguyen to ng ke tiep nhau mot chu ky trong he thong tuan hoan. Tong so p cuachung la 25. Xac nh so hieu nguyen t va viet cau hnh e cua A, B.Cu 5:C va D la hai nguyen to ng ke tiep nhau mot chu ky trong he thong tuan hoan. Tong so khoicua chung la 51. So ntron cua D ln hn C la 2 hat. Trong nguyen t C, so electron bang vi so ntron.Xac nh v tr va viet cau hnh e cua C, D.Cu 6:Hp cht M to ra tion X+v Y2-. Mi ion u do 5 nguyn tca hai nguyn tto nn. Tng s

proton trong X+l 11, tng selectron trong Y2-l 50. Hy xc nh cng thc phn tv gi tn A, bit rnghai nguyn ttrong Y2-thuc cng phn nhm v thuc hai chu k lin tip nhau.

(Trch 90Btuyn sinh nm 1996)DNG 9: XC NH NGUYN TDA VO PHN TRM KHI LNG

Lu : i vi phi kim : ho trcao nht vi Oxi + ho trvi H idro = 8-Xc nh nhm ca ngtR (STT nhm = selectron lp ngoi cng = ho trca ngttrong oxit cao nht )- Lp hthc theo % khi lng MR.

Giscng thc RHa cho %H %R =100-%H v ngc li ADCT :R

M

H

Ma RH

%%

. gii ra MR.

Giscng thc RxOy cho %O %R =100-%O v ngc li ADCT :R

Mx

O

My RO

%

.

%

. gii ra MR.

Cu 1:NgtX c ho tr1 trong hp cht kh vi hiro. Trong hp cht oxit cao nht X chim 38,8% khilng. Cng thc oxit cao nht, hiroxit tng nga ca X l :

A. F2O7, HF B. Cl2O7, HClO4 C. Br2O7, HBrO4 D. Cl2O7, HCl

Cu 2:Hp cht kh vi hidro ca ngtc cng thc RH4, oxit cao nht c 72,73% oxi theo khi lng, R l :A. C B. Si C. Ge D. Sn

Cu 3:Oxit cao nht ca ngtR l RO3. Hp cht kh ca R vi hiroc 5,88 % hiro vkhi lng. Tm R.Cu 4:Oxit cao nht ca R l R2O5. Trong hp cht kh vi hiro, R chim 82,35 % vkhi lng. Tm R.Cu 5:H/cht kh vi hiro ca ngtR l RH4. Trong oxit cao nht ca R c 53,3 % oxi vkhi lng. Tm R.Cu 6:Hp cht kh vi hiro ca ngtR l RH2. Trong oxit cao nht, tlkhi lng gia R v oxi l 2 : 3.Tm R.Cu 7:Nguyn tR c cng thc hp cht vi hidro l RH. Trong hp cht oxi cao nht, R chim 74,2% vkhi lng. Xc nh nguyn tR v cho bit n l nguyn tkim loi hay phi kim?


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DNG 10: XC NH NGUYN TDA VO PHN NG HA HC- Tm 2 kim loi A, B ktip nhau trong cng phn nhm chnh.

TmhhKL

hhKL

n

mA MA < A < MB da vo BTH suy ra 2 nguyn tA, B.

Cu 94:Cho 4,4 g hn hp 2 kim loi kim thkcn nhau td vi dd HCl d cho 3,36 lt kh H2(ktc). Haikim loi l:

A. Ca, Sr B. Be, Mg C. Mg, Ca D. Sr, BaCu 95:Cho 34,25 gam mt kim loi M( ha tr II) tc dng vi dd HCl d thu c 6,16lt H2( 27,3oC,

1atm). M l: A. Be B. Ca C. Mg

D. Ba

Cu 96:Ho tan hn hp gm 2 kim loi kim ktip nhau vo nc c dd X v 336 ml kh H2(ktc). ChoHCl d vo dd X v c cn thu c 2,075 g mui khan. Hai kim loi kim l:

A. Li, Na B. Na, K C. K, Rb D. Rb, Cs

Cu 97:Ho tan hon ton 6,9081 g hn hp mui cacbonat ca 2 kim loi ktip nhau trong nhm IIA vo ddHCl thu c 1,68 lt CO2(ktc). Hai kim loi l:

A. Ca, Sr B. Be, Mg C. Mg, Ca D. Sr, Ba

Cu 98:Cho 10,80 g hn hp 2 mui cacbonat ca 2 kim loi k tip nhau trong nhm IIA tc dng vi dd

H2SO4 long d. Cht kh thu c cho hp thhon ton vo dd Ba(OH)2d th thu c 23,64 g kt ta.Cng thc 2 mui l:A. BeCO3v MgCO3 B. MgCO3v CaCO3 C. CaCO3v SrCO3 D. SrCO3v BaCO3

Cu 99:Cho 10 (g) mt kim loi A ha trII tc dng ht vi nc thu c 5,6 (l) kh H2(kc). Tm tn kimloi .Cu 100:Cho 17 g mt oxit kim loi A ( nhm III) vo dd H2SO4va , thu c 57 g mui. Xc nh kimloi A? Tnh khi lng dd H2SO410% dng ?Cu 101:Cho 0,72 (g) mt kim loi M ha trII tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl d th thu c 672 (ml) khH2(kc). Xc nh tn kim loi .Cu 102:Ha tan hon ton 6,85 (g) mt kim loi kim thR bng 200 (ml) dung dch HCl 2 (M). Nu trungha lng axit cn 100 (ml) dung dch NaOH 3 (M). Xc nh tn kim loi trn.

Cu 103:Cho 0,88 g hn hp 2 kim loi X, Y ( nhm IIA ), 2 chu k lin tip tc dng vi dd H2SO4longthu c 672 ml kh (ktc) v m gam mui khan.

a. Xc nh 2 kim loi X, Y ?b. Tnh m gam mui khan thu c ?

Cu 104:Cho 11,2 g hn hp 2 kloi kim A, B 2 chu k lin tip vo dd 200 ml H2O c 4,48 lt kh (ktc)v dd E.

a. Xc nh A, B ?b. Tnh C% cc cht trong dd E ?c. trung ho dd E trn cn bao nhiu ml dd H2SO41M ?

Cu 105:Nu ha tan hon ton 1,16 (g) mt hiroxit kim loi R ha trII cn dng 1,46 (g) HCl.a. Xc nh tn kim loi R, cng thc hiroxit.

b. Vit cu hnh e ca R bit R c sp bng sn.Cu 106:Ha tan 20,2 (g) hn hp 2 kim loi nm hai chu klin tip thuc phn nhm chnh nhm I vonc thu c 6,72 (l) kh (kc) vo dung dch A.

a. Tm tn hai kim loi.b. Tnh thtch dung dch H2SO42 (M) cn dng trung ha dung dch A.

DNG 11: SO SNH TNH CHT CA 1 NGUYN TVI CC NGTLN CNCN NH* Quy lut bin i:

Cc i lng v tnhcht so snh

Quy lut bin i trong 1 chuk

Quy lut bin i trong 1 nhm A

Bn knh nguyn t Gim dn Tng dnNng lng ion ho ( I1) Tng dn Gim dn


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m in Tng dn Gim dnTnh kim loi Gim dn Tng dnTnh phi kim Tng dn Gim dn

Ho tr ca 1 ngt trongOxit cao nht

Tng t I VII= chnh s th t nhm = s e

lp ngoi cngTnh axit ca oxit v

hiroxitTng dn Gim dn

Tnh baz ca oxit vhiroxit

Gim dn Tng dn

* Khi so snh bn knh ca nguyn tv ion cn ch :+ Slp electron cng lp => bn kinh cng ln.+ Khi cng slp electron => Sp cng ln, bn knh cng ln.+ Khi cng sp v e, th se lp ngoi cng cng ln => bn kinh nguyn tcng ln.

* Mt squy lut khi so snh tnh axit ca cc hp cht v c+ Vi hp cht cha oxi: (HO)nXOmtrong X l nguyn ttrung tm khi :

- Gi trm cng ln th tnh axit cng mnhV d:m = 0 => HClO; HBrO, H3BO3, H3PO3, .... l cc axit rt yum = 1 => HClO2; HBrO2, HNO2, H2CO3, H2SO3, H2SiO3, .... l cc axit yum = 2 => HClO3; H2SO4, HNO3, .... l cc axit mnh

- Nu cng gi trn v m => m in ca nguyn ttrung tm cng ln (tnh phi kim cngmnh) th tnh axit cng tng. V dHIO3< HBrO3< HClO3

- Nhng axit a chc (n > 1) th tnh axit gim dn khi ln lt tch 1, 2, ...n ion H+ra khi phnt. V d:H2SO4> 4HSO

hoc 23 4 2 4 4

H PO H PO HPO

+ Vi nhng axit khng cha oxi: HnX. Khi

- Trong nhm A i ttrn xung di th tnh axit tng dn. V d:HF < HCl < HBr < HI

H2O < H2S < H2Se < H2Te

- Trong chu k, i ttri sang phi th tnh axit tng dn. V dBH3< CH4< NH3< H2O < HF

Trc tin : Xc nh vtr cc ngtso snh cc ngttrong cng chu k, trong 1 nhm kt quLu :Bit rng bn knh cc ion c cng cu hnh electron tlnghch vi ZCu 107:Trong chu k, ttri sang phi, theo chiu in tch ht nhn tng dn:

A.Tnh KL tng, tnh PK gim B. Tnh KL gim, tnh PK tngC.Tnh KL tng, tnh PK tng D.Tnh KL gim, tnh PK gim

Cu 108:Trong 1 chu k, i ttri sang phi, theo chiu Z tng dn, bn knh nguyn t:A.Tng dn B. Gim dn C. Khng i D. Khng xc nh

Cu 109:Bn knh nguyn tcc nguyn t: Na, Li, Be, B. Xp theo chiu tng dn l:A. B < Be < Li < Na B. Na < Li < Be < B C. Li < Be < B < Na D. Be < Li < Na < B

Cu 110:m in ca cc nguyn t: Na, Mg, Al, Si. Xp theo chiu tng dn l:A. Na < Mg < Al < Si B. Si < Al < Mg < Na C. Si < Mg < Al < Na D. Al < Na < Si < Mg

Cu 111:m in ca cc nguyn t: F, Cl, Br, I .Xp theo chiu gim dn l:A. F > Cl > Br > I B. I> Br > Cl> F C. Cl> F > I > Br D. I > Br> F > Cl

Cu 112:Cc nguyn tC, Si, Na, Mg c xp theo thtnng lng ion ho thnht gim dn l :

A. C, Mg, Si, Na B. Si, C, Na, Mg C. Si, C, Mg, Na D. C, Si, Mg, NaCu 113:Tnh kim loi gim dn trong dy :A. Al, B, Mg, C B. Mg, Al, B, C C. B, Mg, Al, C D. Mg, B, Al, C


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Cu 114:Tnh phi kim tng dn trong dy :A. P, S, O, F B. O, S, P, F C. O, F, P, S D. F, O, S, P

Cu 115:Tnh kim loi tng dn trong dy :A. Ca, K, Al, Mg B. Al, Mg, Ca, K C. K, Mg, Al, Ca D. Al, Mg, K, Ca

Cu 116:Tnh phi kim gim dn trong dy :A. C, O, Si, N B. Si, C, O, N C. O, N, C, Si D. C, Si, N, O

Cu 117:Tnh baz tng dn trong dy :A. Al(OH)3; Ba(OH)2; Mg(OH)2 B. Ba(OH)2; Mg(OH)2; Al(OH)3

C. Mg(OH)2; Ba(OH)2; Al(OH)3 D. Al(OH)3; Mg(OH)2; Ba(OH)2

Cu 118:Tnh axit tng dn trong dy :A. H3PO4; H2SO4; H3AsO4 B. H2SO4; H3AsO4; H3PO4

C. H3PO4; H3AsO4; H2SO4 D. H3AsO4; H3PO4 ;H2SO4

Cu 119:Tnh baz tng dn trong dy :A. K2O; Al2O3; MgO; CaO B. Al2O3; MgO; CaO; K2O

C. MgO; CaO; Al2O3; K2O D. CaO; Al2O3; K2O; MgO

Cu 120:Ion no c bn knh nhnht trong cc ion sau:A. Li+ B. K+ C. Be2+ D. Mg2+

Cu 121:Bn knh ion no ln nht trong cc ion sau :A. S2- B. Cl- C. K+ D. Ca2+

Cu 122:Cc ion c bn knh gim dn l :A. Na+ ; Mg2+ ; F- ; O2- B. F- ; O2- ; Mg2+ ; Na+ C. Mg2+ ; Na+ ; O2- ; F- D. O2- ; F- ; Na+ ;

Mg2+

Cu 123:Dy ion c bn knh nguyn ttng dn l :A. Cl- ; K+ ; Ca2+ ; S2- B. S2- ;Cl- ; Ca2+ ; K+ C. Ca2+ ; K+ ; Cl- ; S2- D. K+ ; Ca2+ ; S2- ;Cl-

BI TP TNG HP TRONG CC THI I HC, CAO NG

Cu 1:(H A 2007) Dy gm cc ion X+, Y-v nguyn tZ u c cu hnh electron 1s22s22p6l:A. Na+, Cl-, Ar. B. Li+, F-, Ne. C.Na+, F-, Ne. D. K+, Cl-, Ar.

Cu 2:(H A 2007) Anion X- v cation Y2+ u c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l 3s23p6. V tr cacc nguyn ttrong bng tun hon cc nguyn tha hc l:

A. X c s th t17, chu k4, nhm VIIA (phn nhm chnh nhm VII); Y c s th t20, chu k4,nhm IIA (phn nhm chnh nhm II).

B. X c stht18, chu k3, nhm VIA (phn nhm chnh nhm VI); Y c stht20, chu k4, nhmIIA (phn nhm chnh nhm II).

C. X c s th t17, chu k3, nhm VIIA (phn nhm chnh nhm VII); Y c s th t20, chu k4,

nhm IIA (phn nhm chnh nhm II).D. X c s th t18, chu k3, nhm VIIA (phn nhm chnh nhm VII); Y c s th t20, chu k3,

nhm IIA (phn nhm chnh nhm II).

Cu 3:(H B 2007)Trong mt nhm A (phn nhm chnh), trnhm VIIIA (phn nhm chnh nhm VIII),theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn nguyn tth

A. tnh phi kim gim dn, bn knh nguyn ttng dn.B. tnh kim loi tng dn, m in tng dn.C. m in gim dn, tnh phi kim tng dn.D. tnh kim loi tng dn, bn knh nguyn tgim dn.

Cu 4: (C 2007) Trong tnhin, nguyn tng c hai ng v l63

29Cuv

65

29Cu. Nguyn tkhi trungbnh ca ng l 63,54. Thnh phn phn trm tng snguyn tca ng v6329Cu lA. 27%. B. 50%. C. 54%. D. 73%.


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W b it htt // h h T 12/12

Cu 5:(C 2007) Cho cc nguyn tM (Z = 11), X (Z = 17), Y (Z = 9) v R (Z = 19). m in ca ccnguyn ttng dn theo thtA. M < X < Y < R. B. R < M < X < Y. C. Y < M < X < R. D. M < X < R < Y.Cu 6:(C 2008)Nguyn tca nguyn tX c tng sht electron trong cc phn lp p l 7. Sht mangin ca mt nguyn tY nhiu hn sht mang in ca mt nguyn tX l 8 ht. Cc nguyn tX v Y lnlt l

A. Fe v Cl. B.Na v Cl. C. Al v Cl. D. Al v P.

Cu 7:(H A 2008) Bn knh nguyn tca cc nguyn t: 3Li, 8O, 9F, 11Na c xp theo thttng dn ttri sang phi l

A. F, O, Li, Na. B. F, Na, O, Li. C. F, Li, O, Na. D. Li, Na, O, F.Cu 8:(H B 2008) Dy cc nguyn tsp xp theo chiu tng dn tnh phi kim ttri sang phi l:A. P, N, F, O. B.N, P, F, O. C. P, N, O, F. D.N, P, O, F.Cu 9:(H B 2008) Cng thc phn tca hp cht kh to bi nguyn tR v hirol RH3. Trong oxit mR c ho trcao nht th oxi chim 74,07% vkhi lng. Nguyn tR lA. S. B. As. C.N. D. P.Cu 10:(C 2009) Mt nguyn t ca nguyn t X c tng s ht proton, ntron, electron l 52 v c s khil 35. S hiu nguyn t ca nguyn t X lA. 18. B. 23. C. 17. D. 15.

Cu 11:(H A 2009)Nguyn tca nguyn tX c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l ns2np4. Trong hpcht kh ca nguyn tX vi hiro, X chim 94,12% khi lng. Phn trm khi lng ca ngtX trong oxitcao nht lA. 50,00%. B. 27,27%. C. 60,00%. D. 40,00%.Cu 12: (H A 2009) Cu hnh electron ca ion X2 + l 1s22s22p63s23p63d6. Trong bng tun hon ccnguyn tho hc, nguyn tX thucA. chu k 4, nhm VIIIA. B. chu k 4, nhm IIA.C. chu k 3, nhm VIB. D. chu k 4, nhm VIIIB.Cu 13: (H B 2009)Cho cc nguyn t: K (Z = 19), N (Z = 7), Si (Z = 14), Mg (Z = 12). Dy gm ccnguyn tc sp xp theo chiu gim dn bn knh nguyn tttri sang phi l:

A.N, Si, Mg, K. B. K, Mg, Si, N. C. K, Mg, N, Si. D. Mg, K, Si, N.Cu 14:(C 2010) Cho 9,125 gam mui hirocacbonat phn ng ht vi dung dch H2SO4 (d), thu cdung dch cha 7,5 gam mui sunfat trung ho. Cng thc ca mui hirocacbonat lA.NaHCO3. B. Ca(HCO3)2. C. Ba(HCO3)2. D. Mg(HCO3)2.Cu 15:(H A 2010) Cc nguyn ttLi n F, theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn thA.bn knh nguyn ttng, m in gim. B.bn knh nguyn tv m in u tng.C.bn knh nguyn tgim, m in tng. D.bn knh nguyn tv m in u gim.Cu 16:(H A 2010)Nhnnh no sau y ng khi ni v 3 nguyn t: 2613X,

5526Y,

2612Z?

A. X v Z c cng s khi. B. X, Z l 2 ng v ca cng mt nguyn t ho hc.C. X, Y thuc cng mt nguyn t ho hc. D. X v Y c cng s ntron.

Cu 17:(H B 2010)Mt ion M3+

c tng s ht proton, ntron, electron l 79, trong s ht mang in

nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 19. Cu hnh electron ca nguyn t M lA. [Ar]3d54s1. B. [Ar]3d64s2. C. [Ar]3d64s1. D. [Ar]3d34s2.Cu 18:(C 2011) ho tan hon ton 6,4 gam hn hp gm kim loi R (chc ha trII) v oxit ca ncn va 400 ml dung dch HCl 1M. Kim loi R lA. Ba. B. Be. C. Mg. D. Ca.Cu 19:(H A 2011) Khi lng ring ca canxi kim loi l 1,55 g/cm3. Githit rng, trong tinh thcanxicc nguyn t l nhng hnh cu chim 74% th tch tinh th, phn cn li l khe rng. Bn knh nguyn tcanxi tnh theo l thuyt l

A. 0,185 nm. B. 0,196 nm. C. 0,155 nm. D. 0,168 nm.Cu 20:(C 2012)Nguyn tca nguyn tX c tng sht proton, ntron, electron l 52. Trong ht nhnnguyn tX c sht khng mang in nhiu hn sht mang in l 1. V tr (chu k, nhm) ca X trong

bng tun hon cc nguyn tha hc lA. chu k3, nhm VA. B. chu k3, nhm VIIA.C. chu k2, nhm VIIA. D. chu k2, nhm VA.

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