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We Promote the Applications & Innovations of Molecular Hematology 精准的检测辅助精确的医疗 血液肿瘤分子医学检测 陆道培血液•肿瘤中心 刘红星 [email protected] 2014.05.23 @ 郑州

精准的检测辅助精确的医疗 之 血液肿瘤分子医学检测 · NIH, 2011 Toward Precision Medicine (精准医疗): Bulding a Knowledge Network for Biomedical Research

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Page 1: 精准的检测辅助精确的医疗 之 血液肿瘤分子医学检测 · NIH, 2011 Toward Precision Medicine (精准医疗): Bulding a Knowledge Network for Biomedical Research

We Promote the Applications & Innovations of Molecular Hematology

精准的检测辅助精确的医疗之 血液肿瘤分子医学检测

陆道培血液•肿瘤中心 刘红星 [email protected]

2014.05.23 @ 郑州

Page 2: 精准的检测辅助精确的医疗 之 血液肿瘤分子医学检测 · NIH, 2011 Toward Precision Medicine (精准医疗): Bulding a Knowledge Network for Biomedical Research

We Promote the Applications & Innovations of Molecular Hematology

专业的、团结协作的血液病特殊检验团队

形态室;病理室;流式细胞;染色体室;基因;配型室;病原微生物;临床药理室;临检室

Page 3: 精准的检测辅助精确的医疗 之 血液肿瘤分子医学检测 · NIH, 2011 Toward Precision Medicine (精准医疗): Bulding a Knowledge Network for Biomedical Research

We Promote the Applications & Innovations of Molecular Hematology

MICM:从不同的角度认识疾病病原微生物:外因;趁火打劫,捣乱分子临床药理和药物基因组学:更准确地用药

血液病特殊检验是精细的、需要各实验室间紧密协作的工作做好血液病特殊检验离不开临床的沟通和支持

图片来源:爱彼表官网,audemarspiguet.com

Page 4: 精准的检测辅助精确的医疗 之 血液肿瘤分子医学检测 · NIH, 2011 Toward Precision Medicine (精准医疗): Bulding a Knowledge Network for Biomedical Research

We Promote the Applications & Innovations of Molecular Hematology

对肿瘤基因组的深入认识:已经可以帮助我们更精确地把握疾病状态和规律

Page 5: 精准的检测辅助精确的医疗 之 血液肿瘤分子医学检测 · NIH, 2011 Toward Precision Medicine (精准医疗): Bulding a Knowledge Network for Biomedical Research

We Promote the Applications & Innovations of Molecular Hematology

未病 欲病 已病 已治

唐·孙思邈《千金要方·论诊候第四》:“古人善为医者,上医医未病之病,中医医欲病之病,下医医已病之病,若不加心用意,於事混淆,即病者难以救矣。”

肿瘤发生的一般规律

Page 6: 精准的检测辅助精确的医疗 之 血液肿瘤分子医学检测 · NIH, 2011 Toward Precision Medicine (精准医疗): Bulding a Knowledge Network for Biomedical Research

We Promote the Applications & Innovations of Molecular Hematology

肿瘤同时具有克隆性、克隆异质性,并且在不断的动态演变

Walter MJ, et. al, N Engl J Med. 2011;365(26):2534-5.

Page 7: 精准的检测辅助精确的医疗 之 血液肿瘤分子医学检测 · NIH, 2011 Toward Precision Medicine (精准医疗): Bulding a Knowledge Network for Biomedical Research

We Promote the Applications & Innovations of Molecular Hematology

肿瘤克隆演变形式的多样性

Pontus Lundberg, et al. Blood. 2014;123(14):2220-8

Page 8: 精准的检测辅助精确的医疗 之 血液肿瘤分子医学检测 · NIH, 2011 Toward Precision Medicine (精准医疗): Bulding a Knowledge Network for Biomedical Research

We Promote the Applications & Innovations of Molecular Hematology

治疗肿瘤是一个与死神动态博弈的过程-- 如何预知对方下一步棋是关键

电影《第七封印》截图

Page 9: 精准的检测辅助精确的医疗 之 血液肿瘤分子医学检测 · NIH, 2011 Toward Precision Medicine (精准医疗): Bulding a Knowledge Network for Biomedical Research

We Promote the Applications & Innovations of Molecular Hematology

不是我不明白,这世界变化快

Dec.10 @ ASH2013

Dec.10 @ ASH2013CALR mutations and a new diagnostic algorithm for MPNTefferi, A. & Pardanani, A. Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol. 11, 125–6 (2014)Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic

published online Feb. 11, 2014

Page 10: 精准的检测辅助精确的医疗 之 血液肿瘤分子医学检测 · NIH, 2011 Toward Precision Medicine (精准医疗): Bulding a Knowledge Network for Biomedical Research

We Promote the Applications & Innovations of Molecular Hematology

医学知识的爆发式积累对临床应用提出挑战-- 如何使患者获益于最新的医学研究成果?

Page 11: 精准的检测辅助精确的医疗 之 血液肿瘤分子医学检测 · NIH, 2011 Toward Precision Medicine (精准医疗): Bulding a Knowledge Network for Biomedical Research

We Promote the Applications & Innovations of Molecular Hematology

NIH, 2011 Toward Precision Medicine (精准医疗): Bulding a Knowledge Network for Biomedical Research and a New Taxonomy of Disease

新的疾病分类法则

知识网络

生物医学研究

临床医疗中的应用和反馈

临床医学

Page 12: 精准的检测辅助精确的医疗 之 血液肿瘤分子医学检测 · NIH, 2011 Toward Precision Medicine (精准医疗): Bulding a Knowledge Network for Biomedical Research

We Promote the Applications & Innovations of Molecular Hematology

我们的工作:推动医学研究成果向临床应用的转化速度

Page 13: 精准的检测辅助精确的医疗 之 血液肿瘤分子医学检测 · NIH, 2011 Toward Precision Medicine (精准医疗): Bulding a Knowledge Network for Biomedical Research

We Promote the Applications & Innovations of Molecular Hematology

检测服务+知识库建设融合基因筛查融合基因筛查 定量监测MRD定量监测MRD 耐药、疾病进展监测耐药、疾病进展监测

基因突变筛查基因突变筛查 定量监测MRD定量监测MRD

原癌基因表达谱分析和定量监测原癌基因表达谱分析和定量监测

药物基因组学:靶向用药、药物代谢、药物敏感性、药物不良反应药物基因组学:靶向用药、药物代谢、药物敏感性、药物不良反应

其它项目:移植后嵌合状态;IG、TCR克隆性分析等其它项目:移植后嵌合状态;IG、TCR克隆性分析等

血液系统孟德尔遗传病:先天性免疫缺陷、范可尼贫血、先天性角化不良等血液系统孟德尔遗传病:先天性免疫缺陷、范可尼贫血、先天性角化不良等

Page 14: 精准的检测辅助精确的医疗 之 血液肿瘤分子医学检测 · NIH, 2011 Toward Precision Medicine (精准医疗): Bulding a Knowledge Network for Biomedical Research

We Promote the Applications & Innovations of Molecular Hematology

扫描二维码或“通讯录-公众帐号”查找“道培检验”关注。通过菜单指引或关键词检索(项目代码、疾病、基因等)。正在建设中,我们会尽快完善它。。。

Page 15: 精准的检测辅助精确的医疗 之 血液肿瘤分子医学检测 · NIH, 2011 Toward Precision Medicine (精准医疗): Bulding a Knowledge Network for Biomedical Research

We Promote the Applications & Innovations of Molecular Hematology

白血病融合基因

Page 16: 精准的检测辅助精确的医疗 之 血液肿瘤分子医学检测 · NIH, 2011 Toward Precision Medicine (精准医疗): Bulding a Knowledge Network for Biomedical Research

We Promote the Applications & Innovations of Molecular Hematology

白血病融合基因筛查 (V2.5)

常伴嗜酸细胞高?

基于应用经验的方法学和检测内容的持续改进每一种融合基因均可单独做定量分析

MPN;BCR-ABL1样ALL及其它 WHO2008分类标准的纠结。。。

Page 17: 精准的检测辅助精确的医疗 之 血液肿瘤分子医学检测 · NIH, 2011 Toward Precision Medicine (精准医疗): Bulding a Knowledge Network for Biomedical Research

We Promote the Applications & Innovations of Molecular Hematology

CML融合基因筛查

BCR e8 ABL1 a2PRDM12 Exon4 (112bp)插入

Page 18: 精准的检测辅助精确的医疗 之 血液肿瘤分子医学检测 · NIH, 2011 Toward Precision Medicine (精准医疗): Bulding a Knowledge Network for Biomedical Research

We Promote the Applications & Innovations of Molecular Hematology

不同的BCR-ABL1检测结果

e1a2

e13a2

e13a3

e6a2e6a2

e1a2

e13a2

e13a3

Page 19: 精准的检测辅助精确的医疗 之 血液肿瘤分子医学检测 · NIH, 2011 Toward Precision Medicine (精准医疗): Bulding a Knowledge Network for Biomedical Research

We Promote the Applications & Innovations of Molecular Hematology

PML-RARA V-V基因型

S primer V primer

V-V breakpoint

PML RARA

Pseudo Exon

36bp, derived from RARA intron 2 PML Exon6 partial RARA exon 2

Page 20: 精准的检测辅助精确的医疗 之 血液肿瘤分子医学检测 · NIH, 2011 Toward Precision Medicine (精准医疗): Bulding a Knowledge Network for Biomedical Research

We Promote the Applications & Innovations of Molecular Hematology

PML-RARA 基因型(共156例APL)

103; 66%

42; 27%7; 4%4; 3%

L 103 cases S 42 cases V 7 cases V-V 4 cases

Page 21: 精准的检测辅助精确的医疗 之 血液肿瘤分子医学检测 · NIH, 2011 Toward Precision Medicine (精准医疗): Bulding a Knowledge Network for Biomedical Research

We Promote the Applications & Innovations of Molecular Hematology

融合基因筛查的特点和意义

从分子水平快速鉴定基因异常– 节省时间和总体费用

大多数情况下某一患者只有一种融合基因阳性

提供按WHO2008标准分类的依据

预后判断和指导用药

提供灵敏的融合基因定量监测MRD的指标

Page 22: 精准的检测辅助精确的医疗 之 血液肿瘤分子医学检测 · NIH, 2011 Toward Precision Medicine (精准医疗): Bulding a Knowledge Network for Biomedical Research

We Promote the Applications & Innovations of Molecular Hematology

白血病和淋巴瘤基因突变

Page 23: 精准的检测辅助精确的医疗 之 血液肿瘤分子医学检测 · NIH, 2011 Toward Precision Medicine (精准医疗): Bulding a Knowledge Network for Biomedical Research

We Promote the Applications & Innovations of Molecular Hematology

基因突变分析临床研究的范例

97.3%的AML患者携带其中一种或以上的基因突变

预后差:FLT3-ITD、MLL-PTD、ASXL1、PHF6

预后好:CEBPA、IDH2、NPM1伴IDH1/IDH2突变

伴DNMT3A、NPM1突变、MLL易位患者,采用大剂量的柔红霉素治疗可提高生存率

Prognostic Relevance of Integrated Genetic Profiling in Acute Myeloid LeukemiaJay P. Patel, et al., N Engl J Med 2012;366:1079-89

Page 24: 精准的检测辅助精确的医疗 之 血液肿瘤分子医学检测 · NIH, 2011 Toward Precision Medicine (精准医疗): Bulding a Knowledge Network for Biomedical Research

We Promote the Applications & Innovations of Molecular Hematology

每个肿瘤都是基因突变团伙在犯罪

主犯– 融合基因;JAK2、CALR、CSF3R等

帮凶– CEBPA、NPM1、KIT、FLT3、TET2、P53等

从犯– 原癌基因活化:WT1、HOX11

不明真相的参与者– PIGA等突变

过客突变– 无功能的突变。我只是来打酱油的。。。

Page 25: 精准的检测辅助精确的医疗 之 血液肿瘤分子医学检测 · NIH, 2011 Toward Precision Medicine (精准医疗): Bulding a Knowledge Network for Biomedical Research

We Promote the Applications & Innovations of Molecular Hematology

分子诊断的发展趋势及挑战

Lucy A. Godley, N Engl J Med 2012: 366:1152-3.

只检测这三种突变已经太少了

Page 26: 精准的检测辅助精确的医疗 之 血液肿瘤分子医学检测 · NIH, 2011 Toward Precision Medicine (精准医疗): Bulding a Knowledge Network for Biomedical Research

We Promote the Applications & Innovations of Molecular Hematology

肿瘤基因突变筛查

克隆性判断;预后评估;治疗指导(不仅仅是靶向用药)。

“孟德尔遗传病”和“遗传易感性” 并不总是有显著界限的。

Page 27: 精准的检测辅助精确的医疗 之 血液肿瘤分子医学检测 · NIH, 2011 Toward Precision Medicine (精准医疗): Bulding a Knowledge Network for Biomedical Research

We Promote the Applications & Innovations of Molecular Hematology

每个人都携带有遗传缺陷的基因;有一些遗传缺陷增加肿瘤易感性;基因突变随时发生着:遗传而来、胚系突变、胚胎发育早期或体细胞突变。

Page 28: 精准的检测辅助精确的医疗 之 血液肿瘤分子医学检测 · NIH, 2011 Toward Precision Medicine (精准医疗): Bulding a Knowledge Network for Biomedical Research

We Promote the Applications & Innovations of Molecular Hematology

TP53体细胞突变广泛见于人类肿瘤,在各种血液系统肿瘤中都是预后差的指标

Dysfunction of the TP53 tumor suppressor gene in lymphoid malignanciesZijun Y. Xu-Monette, et al. Blood. 2012;119(16):3668-83

The prognostic significance of TP53 mutations in patients with DLCBL.

CHOP方案治疗的患者

R-CHOP方案治疗的患者

CHOP方案治疗的患者

DNA结合结构域突变

Page 29: 精准的检测辅助精确的医疗 之 血液肿瘤分子医学检测 · NIH, 2011 Toward Precision Medicine (精准医疗): Bulding a Knowledge Network for Biomedical Research

We Promote the Applications & Innovations of Molecular Hematology

遗传性或先天性TP53突变导致李-佛美尼综合症(Li-Fraumeni syndrome)1型:

呈常染色体显性遗传的肿瘤易感综合征,临床特征为早期发生肿瘤、同一患者可先后或同时发生多种肿瘤、同一家族中有多个肿瘤患者。

遗传性或先天性TP53突变导致家族性肿瘤综合征

http://p53.free.fr

Page 30: 精准的检测辅助精确的医疗 之 血液肿瘤分子医学检测 · NIH, 2011 Toward Precision Medicine (精准医疗): Bulding a Knowledge Network for Biomedical Research

We Promote the Applications & Innovations of Molecular Hematology

TP53基因多态性导致肿瘤易感

TP53多态性位点rs78378222 C基因型(人群中携带率1.92%)与基底细胞癌(OR = 2.36, P = 5.2×10−17)等多

种肿瘤易感有关A germline variant in the TP53 polyadenylation signal confers cancer susceptibility Simon N S, et al. Nat Genet.; 43(11): 1098–103.

Page 31: 精准的检测辅助精确的医疗 之 血液肿瘤分子医学检测 · NIH, 2011 Toward Precision Medicine (精准医疗): Bulding a Knowledge Network for Biomedical Research

We Promote the Applications & Innovations of Molecular Hematology

基因突变 VS. 基因多态性概念上有严格的区分,但事实上并无显著界限– 并不总是容易鉴别– 需要生物信息知识、医学知识的结合判断

与疾病的关系可以很复杂– 同一基因可以不同的突变形式参与不同类型疾病的发生– 突变的发生时间;突变对功能的影响程度

会有更多的肿瘤遗传易感因素被鉴定

肿瘤突变检测报告中– 有时会被建议加做指甲或家系标本以鉴别是否体细胞突变

Page 32: 精准的检测辅助精确的医疗 之 血液肿瘤分子医学检测 · NIH, 2011 Toward Precision Medicine (精准医疗): Bulding a Knowledge Network for Biomedical Research

We Promote the Applications & Innovations of Molecular Hematology

基因突变检测的诊断价值

Page 33: 精准的检测辅助精确的医疗 之 血液肿瘤分子医学检测 · NIH, 2011 Toward Precision Medicine (精准医疗): Bulding a Knowledge Network for Biomedical Research

We Promote the Applications & Innovations of Molecular Hematology

CALR突变--2013年ASH开始报道的MPN中具有诊断意义的新发现

Thorsten Klampfl, et al. N Engl J Med 2013;369:2379-90 Somatic Mutations of Calreticulin in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms

JAK2、MPL、CALR在MPN中总阳性率96%,并且特异性好。

Page 34: 精准的检测辅助精确的医疗 之 血液肿瘤分子医学检测 · NIH, 2011 Toward Precision Medicine (精准医疗): Bulding a Knowledge Network for Biomedical Research

We Promote the Applications & Innovations of Molecular Hematology

CALR基因突变特点

为MPN特征性突变,CALR突变患者血栓事件发生率较低。插入/缺失突变,有常见突变热点。检测灵敏度可达1%,有望做到0.01%。

Thorsten Klampfl, et al. NEJM 2013;369:2379-90

Elisa Rumi, et al. Blood. 2013 Dec 23. [Epub ahead of print]

Giada Rotunno, et al. Blood. 2013 Dec 26. [Epub ahead of print]

p=0.008

P<.001

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We Promote the Applications & Innovations of Molecular Hematology

基因突变检测帮助评估预后

Page 36: 精准的检测辅助精确的医疗 之 血液肿瘤分子医学检测 · NIH, 2011 Toward Precision Medicine (精准医疗): Bulding a Knowledge Network for Biomedical Research

We Promote the Applications & Innovations of Molecular Hematology

Patel JP, 2012 ASH Education Book

基因突变检测帮助更精准地评估预后

Page 37: 精准的检测辅助精确的医疗 之 血液肿瘤分子医学检测 · NIH, 2011 Toward Precision Medicine (精准医疗): Bulding a Knowledge Network for Biomedical Research

We Promote the Applications & Innovations of Molecular Hematology

Figure 4. Kaplan--Meier analysis of survivalIn MDS patients stratified according to SF3B1 mutation

Cazzola M, et al. Blood. 2013;121(2):260-9

SF3B1突变在MDS中:多为founding mutation,预后较好

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We Promote the Applications & Innovations of Molecular Hematology

Quesada V, et al. Nat Genet. 2011 Dec 11;44(1):47-52.

SF3B1突变在CLL中:多发生于疾病进展期,预后差

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We Promote the Applications & Innovations of Molecular Hematology

Siham Bibi, et al. Haematologica 2014(99): 417-29

不同的KIT突变致病机制不同预后和治疗的指导意义也不同

Exon11 伊马替尼有效

Exon17 伊马替尼耐药 达沙替尼有效

Page 40: 精准的检测辅助精确的医疗 之 血液肿瘤分子医学检测 · NIH, 2011 Toward Precision Medicine (精准医疗): Bulding a Knowledge Network for Biomedical Research

We Promote the Applications & Innovations of Molecular Hematology

Peter Paschka, et al. J Clin Oncol 2006,24:3904-11

Patients with wild-type KIT (wtKIT) versus those with any type of KIT mutation (mutKIT)

Patients with wtKIT versus those with a mutation in exon 17 (mutKIT17) and those with a sole mutation in exon 8 (mutKIT8).

不同的KIT突变致病机制不同预后和治疗的指导意义也不同

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We Promote the Applications & Innovations of Molecular Hematology

基因突变检测帮助更准确地用药

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We Promote the Applications & Innovations of Molecular Hematology

Personalised Medicine… 基因突变帮助更精准地用药

Here is my Sequence!What should I take?...

遗传多态性--药物基因组学 肿瘤突变--不只是靶向用药

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We Promote the Applications & Innovations of Molecular Hematology

Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia and RAS Mutations Benefit Most From Postremission High-Dose Cytarabine: ACancer and Leukemia Group B Study Andreas Neubauer, et al. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26(28):4603-9.

RAS突变的AML更适合用高剂量阿糖孢苷治疗

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We Promote the Applications & Innovations of Molecular Hematology

PIK3CA突变的结直肠癌患者可获益于口服低剂量阿司匹林PIK3CA突变还见于DLBCL,可用于克隆性的判定;是否这些患者也可从阿司匹林获益?

总病例数964,PIK3CA突变病例数161。

66例

95例

Xiaoyun Liao, et al. N Engl J Med 2012;367:1596-606.

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We Promote the Applications & Innovations of Molecular HematologyJon C Aster & Daniel J DeAngelo Nature Medicine 2013;19, 264–5

NT5C2突变使核苷酸酶活性增强,对6-MP等巯嘌呤类耐药,耐药突变可为治疗后继发,也可于初诊时即存在。

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We Promote the Applications & Innovations of Molecular Hematology

肿瘤突变组(mutaome)和突变筛查每一个肿瘤的发生都是多种基因突变积累的结果– 在特定的患者、特定时间,其肿瘤细胞携带的突变组合不同– 不同的突变组合决定了每个患者独特的发病过程、病理生理学表现、

治疗反应和病情发展– 有明确临床意义的基因突变越来越多被鉴定

全面了解肿瘤基因突变情况,有助于– 更准确地诊断分型,把握病因;更好地评估预后;分子导向用药– 基因突变筛查是经济有效的方法

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We Promote the Applications & Innovations of Molecular Hematology

基因突变筛查的应用特点同一患者可能同时存在多种基因突变– 可与融合基因或其它基因突变同时存在– 同一患者的同一基因可能存在两种或更多不同的突变

基因突变、突变的组合在疾病发展过程中可能会变化– FLT3、IKZF1等,与疾病进展有关

目前大多数基因突变作为MRD监测指标有困难– 用高通量测序(第二代测序)进行深度测序分析可帮助实现– 对于大多数基因突变,MRD监测的应用价值有限

可以用初诊时的骨髓/血涂

片、病理标本回顾性分析

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We Promote the Applications & Innovations of Molecular Hematology

科研协作: 共同推动医学应用和研究的进展

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We Promote the Applications & Innovations of Molecular Hematology

致谢

分子医学室:–张阳、王芳、陈雪、滕文、韩香萍

郭磊、王昊、樊江燕、王绵绵、尹青、许媛丽、周再铜

检验科其它实验室和临床协作

其它协作医院

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Email: [email protected] 公众微信:道培检验