Central Sanskrit Universitysanskrit.nic.in/Sanskrit_Vimarsah/v15_16.pdf · Central Sanskrit University

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(An International Refereed & Peer-ReviewedResearch Journal, UGC-CARE Listed)

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e-mail : [email protected]

website : www.sanskrit.nic.in

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ISSN : 0975-1769

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SA«SK›TA-VIMAR˜A…

Rashtirya Sanskrit Sansthan(Deemed to be University)

Under Ministry of Human Resource DevelopmentGovt. of India

Accredited by NAAC with 'A' GradeNew Delhi

New Series

Vol. 15-16 (July 2018 - June 2019) Year 2019

General EditorProf. P.N. SastryVice-Chancellor

EditorDr. Madhukeshwar Bhat

Incharge (Research & Publication)

(An International Refereed & Peer-ReviewedResearch Journal, UGC-CARE Listed)

Publisher :

RegistrarRashtriya Sanskrit Sansthan

Deemed University56-57, Institutional Area,

Janakpuri, New Delhi-110056

e-mail : [email protected]

website : www.sanskrit.nic.in

© Rashtirya Sanskrit Sansthan

ISSN : 0975-1769

Edition : 2019

Rs. 50.00

Printed :D.V. Printer

97, UB, Jawahar Nager, Delhi-110007

Mob. 9818279798, 9990279798

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Advisory-Board

1. Prof. V. Kutumba Sastry,36, Evergreen Appartment Plot-9Sect. 7, Dwarka, New Delhi-110075

2. Prof. K.V. Ramakrishnamacharyalu,4-45, opp. Satyasai MandirStayasai nagar, Satya Sainagar panchayatTirupati (A.P.) - 517503

3. Prof. Ram Chandra Pandey38, Manas Nagar, DurgakundVaranasi (U.P.)

4. Prof. Kishor Chandra PadhiPuri (Odisha)

5. Prof. Azad Mishra2/239, Viramkhand-2Gomatinagar, Luknow-226010

6. Prof. G.S.R. KrishnamurtyRashtriya Snaskrit VidyapeethaTirupati - 517507 (A.P.)

7. Prof. Shripada BhatRashtriya Sanskrit VidyapeethaTirupati - 517507 (A.P.)

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Review Committee

1. Prof. Jaykant Singh Sharma

Professor, S.L.B.S.R.S.Vidyapeetham, New Delhi

2. Prof. Ramkumar Sharma

Professor, Jaipur Campus,

Rashtriya Sanskrit Sansthan, Jaipur

3. Prof. Vishnupad Mahapatra

Professor, S.L.B.S.R.S.Vidyapeetham, New Delhi

4. Prof. Sukantkumar Senapati

Director (I/c) Mukta Swadhyaya Peetham,

Rashtriya Sanskrit Sansthan, New Delhi

5. Dr. Mantha Sriniwasu

Project Officer, Rashtriya Sanskrit Sansthan,

New Delhi

Editorial Board

1. Prof. A.P. Sacchidananda

Principal (I/c), Shri Rajeev Gandhi Campus,

Rashtriya Sanskrit Sansthan, Sringeri

2. Prof. Arknath Chodhary

Principal (I/c), Jaipur Campus,

Rashtriya Sanskrit Sansthan, Jaipur

3. Dr. R.G. Murlikrishna

Deputy Director (I/c), (Administration),


4. Dr. Devanand Shukla

Deputy Director, (Academic),


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Advisory Board vi

leh{kk&lfefr%@lEiknd&e.Mye~ vii

Review Committee/Editorial Board viii

1- izÑfr dk laj{k.k&i;kZoj.k dh fLFkjrk dk fpjUru lek/ku 1µizks- jekdkUr ik.Ms;

2- Vibhakti and Kàraka : Paõinian Perspective 15–Devanand Shukla &

Preeti Shukla

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( x )

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15- The Mahabharata and the Iliad : A Comparison 119–Dr. Hetal S. Patel

–Dr. Dilip C. Patel

16- oS;kdj.ku;s y{k.kko`fÙkfopkj% µMkW- vEcjh'koqQekjfeJ% 135

17- xzUFk&foe'kZ% (Book-Review)Vada in Theory and Practice : Studies in Debates, 140

Dialogues and Discussions in Indian Intellectual Traditions

–Shri Anand Prakash &

–Dr. Balram Shukla

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;fn o`{k izk.koku~ vkSj fopkjoku~ gSa rks mUgsa iq=k dk LFkku nsuk vuqfprugha gSA iq=k ¶iqa̧ uked ujd ls j{kk djrk gS blfy;s og ekuo thou dhlcls cM+h miyfC/ vkSj lcls cM+h lEifÙk gSA eRL;iqjk.k ,d o`{k dks n'kiq=kksa osQ leku ekurk gS rFkk mls iq=k ls Hkh vf/d egÙo nsrk gS&

n'kowQilek okih n'kokihleks ßn%An'kßnle% iq=kks n'kiq=kleks nzqe%AA1

vFkkZr~ ,d ckoM+h n'k oqQvksa osQ cjkcj gksrh gS] ,d ßn (rkykc) n'kckoM+h osQ cjkcj gksrk gS rFkk ,d iq=k n'k ßn osQ leku gksrk gS vkSj ,do`{k n'k iq=kksa osQ leku gksrk gSA blls Li"V gS fd o`{kkjksi.k dks gekjh iqjk.kijEijk iq=k ls Hkh ck dk t;ukjk;.k O;kl fo'ofo|ky; ls izdkf'kr dknfEcuhuked o`f"V foKku fo"k;d xzUFk yksd] 'kkL=k vkSj foKku osQ vk/kj ij o`f"VosQ ;ksx ij fopkj izLrqr djrk gSA ia- e/qlwnu vks>k fy[krs gSa&

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bl fo"k; esa yksd dh Li"V jk; gS&

1- eRL;- 154-5922- dknfEcuh] i`- 83


vlkMkS /qj v"VehpUæ lsojk Nk;pkj ekl porks jgSftM HkkM+S jS jk;

ia- e/qlwnu vks>k dk ;g xzUFk iw.kZr% i;kZoj.k ij vkfJr gSA yksd osQgtkjksa o"kks± osQ vuqHko dks lk{; ikdj iz.khr ;g xzUFk fu'p; gh ledkyhulaLÑr okÄ~e; dh egrh miyfC/ gS fdUrq i;kZoj.k osQ iznwf"kr gks tkus ijD;k bl foKku osQ fy;s visf{kr ?kVuk;sa ?kV ldrh gSa\ ;fn ?kVha Hkh rks D;kmu ij tuekul fo'okl dj ldrk gSA

vk"kk

12 laLÑr&foe'kZ%

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ew=ka ok¿Fk iqjh"ka ok xÄõkrhjs djksfr ;%Au n`"Vk fu"ÑfrLrL; tUedksfV'krSjfiAA

mfPN"Va diQda pSo xÄõkxHksZ p ;LR;tsr~Al ;kfr ujda ?kksja czãgR;ka p foUnfrAA1

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ge LofLrokpu djrs gSa& LofLr u%A ge nh?kkZ;q gksuk pkgrs gSa& those'kjn% 'kre~] ge leLr lq[k Hkksxuk pkgrs gSa] dY;k.kijEijkvksa dks vkRelkr~djuk pkgrs gSa] de esa vusd vkSj vusd esa ,d dk izR;{k djuk pkgrs gSa]vuqHko djuk pkgrs gSa fdUrq ge lq[kn vUr dh Hkh dkeuk djrs gSa] oghalekuk pkgrs gSa tgk¡ ls ge vk;s gSa] mUgha iapHkwrksa esaA eSa ÍXosn osQ e`R;qlwDrosQ ,d ea=k ls viuh ckr lekIr djuk pkgw¡xkA tgk¡ Íf"k ,d e`rd dkslEcksf/r djrk gqvk dgrk gS&

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gs e`R;q dks izkIr ekuo!rqEgkjh vk¡[ksa lw;Z esa lek jgh gSa]rqEgkjh vkRek fey jgh gSok;q lsrqe vius iq.; osQ izrki lsLoxZyksd dks tkvksvFkok ikuh ;k i`Foh ij jgkstgk¡ rqEgkjk dY;k.k gks ogk¡ jgksvFkok lw{e 'kjhj ysdjfiQj ls tUekso`{kksa esa] vks"kf/;ksa esaAA

ÍXosn gekjs izR;sd rÙo osQ mlls lEc¼rÙo esa lek tkus dh dkeukdjrk gS vkSj gesa fiQj ikS/ksa vkSj ouLifr;ksa osQ :i esa mxus dk vk'khokZn nsrkgSA dk'k] ge le>sa ÍXosn osQ bl eeZ dks vkSj o`{kksa dh j{kk djsaA i;kZoj.kdks lq/kjsaA D;k irk buesa ls dksbZ gekjk iwoZt gks] tks isM+ cu dj vk x;kgS i`Foh dh j{kk osQ fy;sA

14 laLÑr&foe'kZ%

lUnHkZ xzUFk&

1- lkroysdj] nkeksnj] ÍXosn lafgrk] Lokè;k; e.My] ikjMh] 1985

2- c`gnkj.;dksifu"kn~] xhrkizsl xksj[kiqj

3- Jhen~Hkkxor egkiqjk.k] xhrkizsl xksj[kiqj

4- vk;Z] deyukjk;.k] oSfnd okÄ~e; esa i;kZoj.k ,oa iznw"k.k] LokehfnO;kuUn izdk'ku] jk;iqj (e-iz-)] 1998

5- ljLorh] Lokeh foosdkuUn (la-)] vk/qfud i;kZoj.k leL;k] oSfndlek/ku] Lokeh leiZ.kkuUn oSfnd 'kks/ laLFkku] esjB] 1993

6- osnkyadkj] jkeukFk] e/qo`f"V] fot; oqQekj xksfoUnjke gklkuUn] 4408]ubZ lM+d] fnYyh] 2000

7- vks>k] e/qlwnu] dknfEcuh] ia- e/qlwnu vks>k izdks"B] tks/iqj] 2003

8- 'kqDyk] jRuk] Hkwfj;k] oqQlqe] laLÑr lkfgR; esa i;kZoj.k] lR;a ifCyf'kaxgkml] ubZ fnYyh] 2013

9- ik.Ms;] jekdkUr (la-) laLÑr foe'kZ ('kks/ if=kdk] vad & 9)]jk-la-la-] ubZ fnYyh] 2013

10- 'kkL=kh] 'kadjyky] laLÑr okÄ~e; esa i;kZoj.k] galk izdk'ku] t;iqj]2008A

ggg

( 15 )

Sa¨sk¼ta-VimarÄaš -2019 (Vol. 15-16) ISSN : 0975-1769

Vibhakti and Kàraka: Paõinian

Perspective

Devanand Shukla &

Preeti Shukla

Rastriya Sanskrit Sansthan

(Deemed University) New Delhi &

Department of Sanskrit Studies

Unversity of Hyderabad, Hyderabad

¹vfLeu~ 'kks/i=ks ikf.kuh;O;kdj.kǹ"V~;k foHkDrhuka dkjdk.kk×pfopkj% Ñrks orZrsA lIrfoHkDr;% HkofUr rklka foHkDrhukad% vFkZ%\ dkjdfoHkDrs% izo`fÙk% dFka laHkofr bfr fopkj%v=k izLrqr%A &laúº

In Sanskrit both the sup and tiï suffixes are termed as vibhakti

pratyayas1. Sup suffix is added to a nominal stem and tiï suffix is

added to a verbal root. The vibhakti in Sanskrit represents the relations

between a noun and a verb or two nouns. It is possible that because

of change in vivakùà (speaker's intention), the kàraka relation between

a noun and a verb changes and so does its surface realisation in

terms of vibhakti. We discuss in this paper the concept of vibhakti

and its relation to kàraka through Pàïinian perspective.

Nominal vibhakti classification in Sanskrit:

1. Vibhakti÷ca (supatiïau vibhaktisaüj¤au staþ - S.K.) (P-1.4.104)

16 laLÑr foe'kZ%

The seven vibhakti markers in Sanskrit terminology are

prathamà, dvitãyà, tçtãyà, caturthã, pa¤camã, ùaùñhã and saptamã (first,

second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh case suffix respectively).

Pàõinian såtras `anabhihite' till `caturthã cà÷iùyàyuùya' (P -2.3.1-2.3.73)

focuses only on vibhakti. The vibhakti in Sanskrit is broadly classified

into two kinds as shown in the above figure, viz.,

Kàraka vibhakti:

Vibhakti expressing the relationship with a verbal activity is

termed as kàraka vibhakti. All the seven case suffixes are used as

kàraka vibhaktis. Except the sixth case suffix which denotes the

relationship of a word with another.

Non-kàraka vibhakti:

That vibhakti which is not directly related to kàraka is termed

as non-kàraka vibhakti. This is further classified into three types as

follows:-

Upapada vibhakti -

Those vibhaktis which are used in connection with certain

words, or with certain types of words are known as upapada

vibhaktis1. Here too almost all the seven case suffixes are used as

upapada vibhaktis. Upapada vibhakti is of five types2 :

Karmapravacanãyà:

According to deZizopuh;k% (P-1.4.83), karmapravacanãyà is "thatwhich previously expressed a verbal activity but presently it does

not"3. Even Bhartçhari has stated in his work `Vàkyapadãyam' that

karmapravacanãyà is neither a dyotaka of an action nor a vàcaka of

a relation but a specifier (bhedaka) of certain other relations like the

lakùyalakùaõa relation4. Here dyotaka in the sense it is different from

the typical function words such as the vibhaktis. For example, `japam

anu pràvarùat' - here anu does not denote the action nor does it

1. Padam à÷ritya jàyamànà vibhaktiþ upapadavibhaktiþ

2. This classification is based on Tripathi [1977]

3. Karma kriyàü-proktavantaþ prakà÷ayantaþ karmapravacanãyàþ iti-M.Bh

on P-1.4.83

4. kiyàyà dyotako nàyaü sambandhasya na vàcakaþ|

nàpi kriyàpadàpekùã sambandhasya tu bhedakaþ|| -V.P.2.204

Vibhakti and Kàraka: Paõinian Perspective 17

signify the general relation which takes the sixth case suffix but it

specifies a special relationship that of lakùyalakùaõabhàva. So, japa

is the lakùaõa (the reason to cause rain which is the lakùya) expressed

through the karmapravacanãya anu. Thus japa takes the second case

suffix from the rule deZizopuh;;qDrs f}rh;k (P-2.3.8)

Panini has listed around 11 karmapravacanãyàs which are

discussed in såtras 1.4.82-1.4.97, viz., anu, upa, apa, pari, àï, prati,

abhi, adhi, su, ati and api in the senses of hetulakùaõa, sahàrtha,

hãnatà, àdhikya, varjana, maryàdàvacana, lakùaõa,

itthambhutàkhyàna, bhàga, vipsà, pratinidhi, pratidàna, ànarthakya,

påjà, atikramaõa, padàrtha, sambhàvana, anvavasarga, garhà,

samuccaya, svàmya and adhikàra.

Pradibhinna avyaya :

Words in connection with those indeclinables which are different

from pràdi (pra etc., indeclinables) such as :

In conjunction with the indeclinable antarà or antareõa, the

word takes the second case suffix1. e.g.,

àntarà devavàõiü mà vyàhàrùiþ'.

In conjunction with the indeclinable saha, the word takes the

third case suffix2. e.g.,

`mata putrena saha agacchati'.

Ìn conjunction with the indeclinable vinà, the word takes the

second, third and fifth case suffix3. e.g.,

`dharmam/ dharmeõa/ dharmàt vina na ÷obhate vidyà'.

Ìn conjunction with the indeclinables namaþ, svasti, svàhà,

svadhà, alam and vaùañ, the word takes the fourth case suffix4. e.g.,

`gurave namaþ', `sarvebhyaþ svasti', etc.

Sa¤j¤à:

Words in connection with substantives like svami, svàmã, ã÷vara,

adhipati, dàyàda, sàkùin, pratibhå, prasåta, àyukta, ku÷ala, etc. take

1. Antaràntareõayuke-P-2.3.4

2. Sahayukte'pradhàne-P-2.3.19

3. pçthagvinànànàbhistçtãyà'nyatarasyàm-P-2.3.32

4. Namaþ svastisvàhàsvadhà'laüvaùaóyogàcca-P-2.3.16

18 laLÑr foe'kZ%

the sixth as well as seventh case suffix1. e.g.,

`gavàm/ goùu svami', `àyuktaþ haripåjanasya/ haripåjane', etc.

Dhàtu:

In conjunction with some verbal roots such as nàth, jàsi, han,

nàñ, krath, più, etc., the word takes the sixth case suffix2. e.g.,

`sarpiùo nàthate', `caurasya ujjàsayati', etc.

Word signifying the meaning of any sa¤j¤à:

In conjunction with any word denoting the meaning of

substantives such as those in the sense of dåra and antika, the word

takes the fifth as well as sixth case suffix3. e.g.,

`vanàt/vanasya dåram, viprakçùñam, antikam, abhyà÷am'.

Specific vibhakti -

Those substantives in the sense of dåra and antika specifically

take the second, third and fifth case suffix. These vibhaktis do not

have any independent sense but they take the sense of dåra and

antika4. e.g.,

`vanasya dåram/dåreõa/dåràt', `vanasya antikam/antikena/

antikàt'.

Sambandha vibhakti -

That vibhakti which expresses the relationship in general of

one word with another is termed as sambandha vibhakti5. Various

relationships such as svasvàmibhàva (owner-owned), aïgàïgãbhàva

(part-whole), janyajanakabhàva (produced-producer), etc. come under

this. For instance, in the sentence `sure÷asya putrã sundarã asti' - the

word sure÷a is related to the word putrã through janyajanakabhàva

relation and takes the sixth case suffix.

1. svàmã÷varàdhipatidàyàdasàkùipratibhåprasåtai÷ca-P-2.3.39,

àyuktaku÷alàbhyàü càsevàyàm P-2.3.40

2. à÷iùi nàthaþ-P-2.3.55, jàsiniprahaõanàñakràthapiùàü hiüsàyàm-P-2.3.56

3. dåràntikàrthaiþ ùaùñhyanyatarasyàm-P-2.3.34

4. dåràntikàrthebhyo dvitãyà ca -P-2.3.35

5. ùaùñhã ÷eùe-P-2.3.50

Vibhakti and Kàraka: Paõinian Perspective 19

Kàraka vibhakti relation

Each kàraka when expressed through the verbal suffix tiï takes

the first case suffix and in the case of avivakùà of kàrakatva it takes

the sixth case suffix denoting the relationship in general. While in

other cases due to vivakùà of kàrakatva, the default vibhakti is taken

as per the Pàõinian såtras `karmaõi dvitãyà (P-2.3.2), caturthã

sampradàne (P-2.3.13), kartçkaraõayostçtãyà (P-2.3.18), apàdàne

pa¤camã (P-2.3.28) and saptamyadhikaraõe ca (P-2.3.36)'. Thus at

first glance it may seem that there is one-to-one mapping between

kàraka and vibhakti but this may not be as it seems. Sometimes a

new semantic role other than the default one is expressed, as in the

case of sampradàna kàraka which is not restricted in the sense of

recipient only but taken also in the following senses:

`màdhavàya rocate, svadate, ÷làghate, hnute, tiùñhate, ÷apate,

dhàrayati, krudhyati, druhyati, ãrùyati, asåyati, ràdhyati, ãkùate,

prati÷çõoti, à÷çõoti and anugçhõàti, pratigçhõàti' (P-1.4.32-41).

Here Pàõini only meant by the above sutras that whatsoever is

desired by the kartà through karma is termed sampradàna. Or the

above mentioned senses can be taken as atidiùña sampradànatva

(imposed sampradana).

Thus though in a language in general the semantic

generalisations are captivated through the kàrakas, there are exceptions

as noticed above. Here are some more examples of imposition of one

kàraka over the other:

Of sampradàna with karma:

The term sampradàna is applied in conjunction with the verbal

roots krudh and druh but when these roots are with prefixes, then the

term karma is applied. e.g., `duùñam abhikrudhyati/ abhidruhyati'.

That which is desired takes the term sampradàna in conjunction

with the verbal root spçh - `puùpebhyaþ spçhayati' but when it

becomes the most desired, it takes the term karma - `puùpàõi spçhayati'.

Of adhikaraõa with karma:

Generally all loci are adhikaraõa but in the following senses

these take the term karma: `gçham adhi÷ete, adhitiùñhati, adhyàste,

upavasati, adhivasati, àvasati' and 'sanmàrgam abhinivi÷ate'.

20 laLÑr foe'kZ%

Of karaïa with karma and sampradànà:

That which is supplemental takes the term karaõa but in the

case of the verbal root div it takes karma as well as karaõa. e.g.,

`akùàn akùaiþ và dãvyati'.

Similarly in the case of the verbal root krã with prefix, that

which is supplemental takes karaõa as well as sampradana. e.g.,

`÷atena ÷atàya và parikrãtaþ'.

Sometimes the kartà of the verbal root becomes karma when

the verb becomes causal and takes the second case suffix while

some remain kartà taking the third case suffix (P-1.4.52 and 53).

e.g., `gamayati gràmaü devadatta ü yaj¤adattaþ'. `vàhayati bhàra ü

devadattena yaj¤adattaþ'.

Similarly typically there is a default vibhakti for each kàraka.

However, there are cases where the vibhakti deviates from the default,

sometimes even giving optional usages with different vibhakti. We

will look at some of them :

1. The object of the verbal root gam takes the second as well

as fourth case suffix (P-2.3.12). e.g., `saþ gràmam/gràmàya gacchati'.

2. The object of the verbal root hu takes the second as well as

third case suffix. e.g., `yavàgum/ yavàgvà agnihotraü? juhoti'.

3. The object of the verbal root j¤a with prefix sam takes the

second as well as optionally the third case suffix (P-2.3.22). e.g.,

`pitaram pitrà và saüjànãte'.

4. The object of the verb manya takes the second as well as

optionally the fourth case suffix (P-2.3.17). e.g., `na tvàü tçõ a ü

tçõàya và manye'.

5. The words stoka, etc. takes the third as well as fifth case

suffix (P-2.3.33). e.g., `stokena stokàd và muktaþ'.

6. Katyayana accepts that the object of the verb yaj takes the

term karaõa and sampradàna takes the term karma (và. on P-8.1.32).

e.g., `pa÷uü rudràya yajate'. 'pa÷unà rudra ü yajate'.

7. He also accepts the seventh case suffix in the object of kta

ending in the affix in (và. on P-2.3.36). e.g., `adhãtã vyàkaraõe'.

ggg

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1- iQyO;kikj;ks% /krqjkJ;s rq frÄ% Le`rk%AiQys iz/kua O;kikjfLrÄFkZLrq fo'ks"k.ke~« oS;kdj.kHkw"k.klkj% dkfjdk 1

2- y% deZf.k p Hkkos pkdeZosQH;% (ik-lw- 3-4-69)3- ik-lw- 3-4-674- ik-lw- 3-4-705- ik-lw- 3-3-18


( 21 )

22 laLÑr&foe'kZ%

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1- ik-lw- 1-2-432- ik-lw- 1-2-443- oS;kdj.kHkw"k.klkj%] izHkkniZ.k i`-la 23] pkS[kEck la-la- okjk.klh4- ik-lw- 1-3-72

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24 laLÑr&foe'kZ%

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1- oS;kdj.kHkw"k.klkj%] izHkkniZ.k i`-la 101&102] pkS[kEck la-la- okjk.klh


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1- ijey?kqe×tw"kk ukxs'kHkkoizdk'k% ys[kd% isjhlw;Zukjk;.k'kkL=kh f}rh;kFkZfopkj% i`-la-41

2- ik-lw- 2-1243- ik-lw- 3-1-18

26 laLÑr&foe'kZ%

bR;=k ykSfddizfØ;kfoxzgokD;L;kfi o`fÙktU;cksèk bo fo'ks";fo'ks"k.kHkkoL;oSijhR;a O;k[;k; fu:i.ka Ñra 'ks[kjknkSA rfgZ dFkeFkZHksn% bfr ftKklk;ke~µiQyO;kikj;ks% fo'ks";fo'ks"k.kHkko;ks% izdkjrkfo'ks";r;ks% O;R;kl% ,o lekfJr%Arsu Li"Va Hkofr ;r~ dr̀ZizR;;lefHkO;kgkjs vU;kǹ'k% cksèk%] deZizR;;lefHkO;kgkjsrq vU;kn`'k%A vr ,o deZizR;;lefHkO;kgkjs iQyL; izdkjrkukJ;Ros¿fidrZ̀izR;;lefHkO;kgkjs rL;k% v{kq..kr;k ,rf}'ks"k.keqikÙke~A

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1- izHkkO;k[;kµckyÑ".ki×pksyh2- lqcksf/uhO;k[;kµvkpk;Zjkeizlknf=kikBh] laor~ 2009] fØ-'k- 19523- rÙonf'kZuhO;k[;kµisjhlw;Zukjk;.k'kkL=kh4- rÙonf'kZuhdkj% isjhlw;Zukjk;.k'kkL=kh

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foJkUr izkè;kfidk] ubZ fnYyh

¹izLrqrs 'kks/i=ks ckylkfgR;L; orZekudkys dk mi;ksfxrk orZrslkfgR;fena orZekulektk; dFka ykHknk;d×p HkofrA ckylkfgR;fuekZ.ks dk leL;k% v;kfUr bR;kfnfo"k;k% ysf[kd;k izLrqrk%A&laúº

laLÑr lkfgR; osn] mifu"kn~] x|] i| ukVd vkfn vusdfoèk çkS<jpukvksa ls le`¼ gSaA ijUrq ckyeu dks #fpdj yxus okyk ckylkfgR;vR;Ur LoYi gSaA fo"k; dh xEHkhjrk] çkS

laLÑr ckylkfgR; % oqQN pqukSfr;k¡ 29

i`"BHkwfe esa rYyhu ugha gks ikrkA ik=kksa osQ lkFk ikBdksa dk rknkRE; u gks ikusosQ dkj.k ikBd jpuk dk jlkLoknu ugha dj ikrkA lkèkkj.khdj.k osQ vHkkoesa ikBd dks çkphudkyhu i`"BHkwfe] fopkjèkkjk rFkk lkekftd thou vViVklk yxrk gSA

vr% vkèkqfud thou osQ lkekftd ifjos'k] ifjfLFkfr;ksa rFkk leL;kvksals lEcfUèkr] ;qxkuq:i vkSj ljy Hkk"kk o euksjatd 'kSyh esa laLÑr ckylfgR;fy•k tk;s] rks og ckydksa dks vfèkd #fpdj yxsxkA ulZjh dfork] ckydFkk,¡] ckyukVd vkfn vkèkqfud thou dk çfrfcEc gksa] rks os ckyikBdksa dksvfèkd vkdf"kZr djsaxsA ikBd mUgsa lgt gh vkRelkr Hkh dj losQxkA

vkt lekt esa cpiu Hkh vusd leL;kvksa ls f?kjk gSA vfèkdrjifjokjksa esa L=kh iq#"k nksuksa gh vFkkZsiktZu osQ fy;s ?kj ls ckgj tkrs gSaA ekrkdh ns•js• rFkk Lusfgy vuq'kklu ls oafpr] ;s ckyd ukSdjksa rFkk vk;kvksaosQ gkFkksa esa iyrs rFkk cM+s gksrs gSaA vr% Mk¡V MiV dk vfrjsd] Lusg dkvHkko] muosQ •kus] nwèk o iQyksa dh pksjh vkfn lkekU; ckrsa gSa] tks ;s eklwelgu djrs gSaA dHkh dHkh rks ;kSu mRihM+u tSlh ?k`.kkLin ifjfLFkfr;ksa dk Hkhf'kdkj gksrs gSaA ckY;koLFkk osQ dVq vuqHkoksa osQ dkj.k ckyd osQ eu esa vusdçdkj osQ Hk; rFkk vk'kadk;sa mRiUu gksrh gSaA muesa fpM+fpM+kiu] ?k`.kk] foæksghLoHkko rFkk dHkh dHkh volkn Hkh tUe ys ysrs gSaA oqQN ckyd viuheuksO;Fkk dks ekrk firk osQ le{k O;ÙkQ Hkh ugha dj ikrsA vlqj{kkHkko lsla=kLr] os eu gh eu ?kqVrs jgrs gSaA ;qokoLFkk vkus ij ,sls gh ckyd foÑrekufldrk osQ dkj.k fofoèk çdkj osQ vijkèkksa esa lafyIr gks tkrs gSaA

ckyd gekjk Hkfo"; gSaA gekjh loZJs"B jkf"Vª; lEink gSaA mudh mfprns•Hkky gksA mudk 'kjhj rFkk eu LoLFk gks ,oa pfj=k mRÑ"V gks rHkh ,dLoLFk lekt rFkk vkn'kZ ns'k cu ldrk gSaA bl n`f"V ls ,slk ckylkfgR;fy•k tk;s] ftlesa gekjs lkaLÑfrd ewY;ksa dk Loj eq•j gks] tks ckydksa dksdrZO;ikyu bZekunkjh] lnkpkj] fuHkhZdrk] ijLij lg;ksx dh f'k{kk ns] rFkkmUgsa thou esa dk;Z{ks=k esa n{k cuk;sA blosQ lkFk gh vkèkqfud thou osQegRoiw.kZ miknku dEI;wVj ,IyhosQ'kUl] dEI;wVj ØhM+k,¡] lhMh] oh-lhMheksckby iQksu vkfn osQ fofoèk ç;ksxksa] mi;ksxksa dk Hkh lekos'k gksA burduhdh miknkuksa osQ o.kZuksa osQ mYys• ls ikBd dks vkèkqfud ;qx osQ ifjos'kdk vkHkkl gksxkA blls ikBd dk ik=kksa osQ lkFk lkèkkj.khdj.k LokHkkfod :ils gksxkA

30 laLÑr&foe'kZ%

laLÑr ckylkfgR; ckydksa dh O;kogkfjd rFkk euksoSKkfud leL;kvksadk fo'ys"k.k rFkk muosQ lekèkku dh fn'kk esa lq>ko nsus okyk Hkh gksA ,slklkfgR; ckydksa dks viuh leL;kvksa osQ lekèkku •kstus osQ fy;s fn'kkcksèk HkhnsxkA bl lkfgR; ls ckydksa osQ eu esa fNih xzfUFk;k¡ lqy>saxh] rFkk muosQO;fÙkQRo dk cgqeq•h fodkl gksxkA blls ckydo`Un viuh çkphu laLÑfr dkstkuus rFkk mldk egÙo le> dj viukus dks çsfjr gksaxsA Mk- jktoqQekjhf=k•k dh Lojfpr cky ukVdksa dh iqLrd ^dL; fufeÙke~* osQ ^Js"Bk%jk"VªlEin%* ukVd dk ik=k eqoqQy cpiu ls gh dEI;wVjxsEl •syrs •syrs utkus dc vuq'kklughu vkSj vlfg".kq LoHkko okyk cu tkrk gSA vUr esa ogckyd viuk nks"k o mldk dkj.k le> ysrk gS rFkk ,sls dEI;wVjxsEl cukusdk fu'p; djrk gS] tks n;k] lfg".kqrk] èkS;Z] ijLij lg;ksx rFkk fu;ekuqikyuosQ xq.kksa dks fodflr djsA blh iqLrd osQ ,d ukVd ^thoUHkækf.k i';fr*dk ik=k jkenkl esfMdy dh ijh{kk esa vliQy gksus rFkk ekrk firk dh HkRLukZik us ij vkRegR;k djus tkrk gS] ijUrq oqQyxq# osQ ijke'kZ ls ch-,- esaeupkgs fo"k; ysdj ijh{kk esa Js"B vad ikdj vkbZ-,-,l in çkIr djrk gSA

laLÑr çpkj rFkk çlkj gsrq çfrc¼] vR;Ur lfØ; rFkk vxz.kh laLFkklaLÑrHkkjrh fofoèkrkiw.kZ vusd xfrfofèk;ksa osQ lkFk uolkfgR;jpuk osQ }kjklaLÑr dh O;kid yksdfç;rk c


gSA blesa ̂ MkW- jktoqQekjh f=k•k }kjk fyf•r] ̂ nUr'kqf¼egRoe~* uked ckydFkkckydksa dks nk¡rksa dh liQkbZ dh mi;ksfxrk n'kkZrs gq, ikBd dks vius LokLF;dk è;ku j•us osQ fy;s çsfjr djrh gSA blh if=kdk esa ^vdcjohjcjdFkkekyk* osQ :i esa MkW- jktoqQekjh f=k•k us vdcj chjcy osQ fdLlksa dksckydksa osQ fy;s ljy laLÑr Hkk"kk esa çLrqr djrs gq, LoLFk rFkk rdZiw.kZeuksjatu çLrqr fd;k gSA

vusd fo}kuksa us O;fÙkQxr :i ls LorU=k ys•u }kjk laLÑr ckylkfgR;dks le`¼ fd;k gSA fnoaxr rFkk jk"VªifriqjLdkj ls lEekfur MkW- lR;nsopkSèkjh us fgUnh esa vusd ckyf'k{kkçn dFkk,¡ fy•ha rFkk mUgha dk laLÑrvuqokn vusd •.Mksa esa çdkf'kr fd;kA û- okufjdk rFkk eqÙkQkekfydk p] ü-ljyk oklUrh] ý- cqf¼eku~ y{;osèkd%A ;s dFkk,¡ tkrdekyk] iaprU=k]fgrksins'k] dFkklfjRlkxj] bZliiQscYl] rFkk 'ks•lknh jfpr xqfyLrk¡ ls yh xbZgSaA oqQN dFkk,¡ yksddFkkvksa ij vkèkkfjr Hkh gSaA ;s dFkk,¡ euksjatu osQ lkFklkFk ckydksa dks f'k{kk Hkh nsrh gSaA bu dFkkvksa esa Hkk"kk ljy] nh?kZlekljfgr]çfl¼ 'kCnksa dk ç;ksx] inPNsn lfgr lqcksèk 'kSyh rFkk fp=kksa dk lekos'k gSA

MkW- ljLorh ckyh us vkB ls iUæg o"kZ rd osQ ckydksa osQ fy;slaLÑrdFkkvksa dk ,d ladyu ^ckyleqYykl%* 'kh"kZd ls fy•k] ftlesavkèkqfud rFkk O;kogkfjd thou ls lacfèkr ekSfyd dFkkvksa dk laxzg gSA bldFkklaxzg esa ,d dFkk gS] ̂ uwruç;ksx%*A bl dk ik=k ,d X;kjg] ckjg o"kZ dkNk=k gS] tks i

32 laLÑr&foe'kZ%

çdVhdj.k gSA blesa ckyd viuh ilUn ukilUn crkrs gq, dgrk gS] ek¡ eq>sek•u] nwèk] ngh] feBkbZ vPNh ugha yxrh] cfYd fiTtk] pkdysV] ikLrkvPNk yxrk gSA vc eq>s os.kq ctkuk vkSj xksfi;ksa osQ lkFk jkl jpkuk Hkh ughaHkkrkA eq>s rks fe=kksa osQ lkFk Mhts ij fMLdks Mkal vPNk yxrk gSA ;g ,d;FkkFkZijd o #fp ifjorZu dk o.kZu djus okyh gkL; dfork gS] ftl esavkèkqfud thou 'kSyh dh >yd fn•kbZ nsrh gSA

ikBdksa es laLÑrckylkfgR; osQ çfr vuqjkx o vkd"kZ.k mRiUu djusdh n`f"V ls ljy laLÑr laoknksa okyk rFkk vkèkqfud tuthou osQ vuq:ios"kHkw"kk rFkk osQ'klTtk ls ef.Mr laLÑrpyfp=kksa dk fuekZ.k Hkh lkef;deuksjatu dk lkèku gks ldrk gSA ;s pyfp=k lkekU; le;kofèk osQ vFkok dele;kofèk osQ vFkkZr~ MkWD;qesUVjh Hkh gks ldrs gSaA

vU; Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa esa miyCèk ckylkfgR; dk ljy laLÑr esavuqokn djuk Hkh ckylkfgR; dks le`¼ cuk;sxkA blh çdkj lalkj dh vU;Hkk"kkvksa dh mRÑ"V jpukvksa dk laLÑr vuqokn Hkh laLÑr cky lkfgR; dho`f¼ djsxkA blls ckydksa dks vU; ns'kksa dh laLÑfr dk Kku gksxk] vkSj muesafo'ocUèkqRo dk Hkko iq"V gksxkA

laLÑr vuqokn djrs le; vuqoknd dks vusd dfBukbZ;ksa dk lkeukdjuk iM+rk gSA vusd uohu 'kCnksa dk fuekZ.k Hkh djuk iM+rk gSA vuqokndosQ fy;s ewyys•u osQ vfHkçk; dks è;ku esa j• dj ljy laLÑr 'kCnksa dkmi;ksx djuk vkSj ikBdksa dh #fp dks vk|ksikUr cuk;s j•uk ,d xEHkhjpqukSrh gSA bl {ks=k esa oqQN xzUFkksa dk vuwfnr cky lkfgR; miyCèk gSA çfl¼ys•d 'ks•lknh dh ^xqfyLrk¡* uked iqLrd dk vuqokn laLÑrHkk"kk esamiyCèk gSA bls MkW- vkse~ çdk'k BkoqQj uked çfl¼ laLÑr jpukdkj uslqeuksokfVdk 'kh"kZd ls vuwfnr dj çdkf'kr djok;k gSA MkW- BkoqQj dh gh,d Ñfr ̂ bZlidFkkfuoqQat* Hkh ;wukuh ys•d bZli dh dFkkvksa dk laLÑr:ikUrjgSA MkW- BkoqQj dh bl jpuk dks lkfgR; vdkneh us 2012 esa iqjLdkj nsdjlEekfur Hkh fd;k gSA bl dFkk laxzg esa ,d lkS X;kjg dFkkvksa dk laLÑrvuqokn rFkk mudk fgUnh :ikUrj Hkh fn;k gS] ftlls ;g dFkklaxzg ckydksaosQ fy;s cksèkxE; gks x;k gSA dFkk osQ vUr esa fu"d"kZ Lo:i mlls feyusokyh f'k{kk dks 'yksd esa fuc¼ fd;k x;k gSaA MkW- vkse çdk'k BkoqQj dh ,dvU; mYys•uh; jpuk gS] ^rsukyhdFkkdkSrqde~*A blesa vkaèkzçns'k osQ jktkÑ".knsojk; osQ eU=kh rsukyhjke dh yksdfoJqr dFkkvksa dk laLÑr vuqoknfd;k x;k gSA


bl çdkj ge ns•rs gSa fd vkèkqfud dky esa laLÑr cky lkfgR;ys•u ,d i`Fkd~ foèkk osQ :i esa lkfgR; esa mHkjk gSA ijUrq bl lkfgR;ys•uls lEcfUèkr ,d egRoiw.kZ pqukSrh gS] bl lkfgR; dks ikBdksa rd igq¡pkukvkSj ikBdksa dh o`f¼ djukA Hkkjr osQ lHkh jkT;ksa esa laLÑr esa lHkh çdkj dklkfgR; fy•k tk jgk gSA ijUrq bu lHkh ys•dksa dh iqLrdksa osQ fo"k; esalwpuk dk vHkko gSA fo}ku osQoy vius fe=kksa] ifjfprksa rFkk lEcfUèk;ksa osQlkfgR; ys•u ls gh ifjfpr gksrs gSaA fy•s x;s lkfgR; dh lwpuk nsus okyhdksbZ osclkbV ugha gSaA lkfgR; dh lwpuk vkSj çlkj osQ mís'; lslaLÑrfofdihfM;k] jkf"Vª; laLÑr laLFkku] vFkok laLÑrHkkjrh tSlh vkfèkdkfjdrFkk laLÑr çlkj çpkj gsrq çfrc¼ laLFkk] ,d uohu lkfgR; dh lwpuk nsusokyk i`"B cuk losQ rks og cgqr mi;ksxh fl¼ gksxkA bl rjg lkfgR;lEcUèkh lwpuk dks ikBdksa rd igq¡pkuk lqxe gksxkA

laLÑr cky lkfgR; ys•u esa ,d vkSj cM+h ckèkk gSA laLÑr lkfgR;osQ çdk'ku esa çdk'kdksa dh dksbZ #fp ugha gksrhA bldk dkj.k gS fd laLÑriqLrdksa dh fcØh cgqr de gksrh gSA vr% çdk'kd fofHkUu cgkus cukdjys•dksa ls udn #i, ysdj laLÑr iqLrdksa dks Nkirs gSaA çdk'ku dh ;gleL;k lkfgR; ys•u dks grksRlkfgr djus okyh gSA vr% laLÑr lkfgR; dkikBd oxZ rS;kj djuk vkSj mlesa o`f¼ djuk ,d lkef;d pqukSrh gSA ikBdksadks vkdf"kZr djus osQ fy, okV~l ,i] eSlsatj] iQslcqd] fV~oVj vkfn osQekè;e ls pqVoqQys igsfy;k¡ dkVZwu vkfn ljy laLÑr Hkk"kk esa fy•dj ikBdksadks Hksts tk ldrs gSaA fo|ky;h; ikBÔØe esa v|ruh; Hkkjrh; ifjos'k esami;ksxh lkexzh tSls vk;qoZsn] ;ksx] T;ksfr"k vkfn dk laLÑr dh ikBÔiqLrdksaesa lekos'k Hkh vijks{k :i ls laLÑr dh efgek çnf'kZr djosQ ikBdksa osQ euesa laLÑr osQ çfr vuqjkx mRiUu djsxkA

vk'kk gS gekjk çcq¼ rFkk l{ke laLÑr fo}n~ leqnk; osaQæ ljdkj rdbu leL;kvksa dks igqapk,axs vkSj mi;qÙkQ Lrj ij bu pqukSfr;ksa ls fuiVus osQfy, visf{kr dne mBk,axsA

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'kkCncksèks o`fÙkfof'k"VKkuL; eq[;dkj.kRoe~A eq[;dkj.k×p dj.k:ie~A,rnfrfjÙkQkU;fi dkfufpr~ dkj.kkfu] ;kfu 'kkCncksèks lgoqQoZfUrA rkfu lgdkfjdk&j.kkfu mP;UrsA ,o×p eq[;dkj.ktU;dkÕ;ZtudRos lfr eq[;dkj.kfHkUudkj.kRoalgdkfjdkj.kRoe~] lgdkfjdkj.kkfu prqfoZèkkfu vkdkÄ~{kk] ;ksX;rk] vklfÙk%]rkRiÕ;Z×psfrA rR=kknkS lgdkfjdkj.kkuka foe'kZs foe`"Vka'kk% lfUr &

1- vkdkÄ~{kkfu:i.ke~

(1-1) vkdkÄ~{kky{k.ke~

(1-2) vkdkÄ~{kk;k% vFkZfu"BRoe~

(1-3) vkdkÄ~{kkO;ogkj{ks=ke~

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2- ;ksX;rkfu:i.ke~

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(2-3) 'kkCncksèkdkj.kRofujkdj.ke~

3- vklfÙkfu:i.ke~

(3-1) vklfÙkLo:ie~

(3-2) vklÙks% 'kkCncksèkdkj.kRo•.Mue~


( 34 )

HkV~Vukxs'kjhR;k rkfdZderfujluiwoZd% 'kkCncks/lgdkfjdkj.kfoe'kZ% 35

4- rkRiÕ;Zfu:i.ke~

(4-1) rkRiÕ;Zy{k.ke~

(4-2) 'kDR;k rL;kU;Fkkfl¼RoL; fujkl%

1- vkdkÄ~{kkfu:i.ke~

(1-1) vkdkÄ~{kky{k.ke~ & e×tw"kk;ka HkV~Vukxs'ksu vkdkÄ~{kkfu:i.kk&¿oljs y{k.k};eqÙkQe~ &

1- okD;le;xzkfgdk¿¿dkÄ~{kk1 & v=kk¿nkS vkdkÄ~{kk uke okD;le;&xzkfgdkdkÄ~{kkA v=k okD;L; ;% 'kfÙkQ:i% lÄ~osQr% rL; lÄ~osQrfo"k;d&cksèkL;ksRikfndk¿¿dkÄ~{kk dF;rsA

2- mRFkkidrkfo"k;rkU;rjlEcUèksuksHk;lEcUèksu ok¿FkkZUrjftKklkvkdkÄ~{kk2&mRFkkidrk&fo"k;rk bR;srRlEcUèk;ks% vU;rjs.k vFkkZr~ osQufpr~,osQu lEcUèksu] vFkok ,rRlEcUèk};suk¿ijinkFkZL; ftKklk vkdkÄ~{kk mP;rsA

vU;rjlEcUèksusR;L;ksnkgj.ke~ & ^i'; e`xks èkkofr* bR;=k ^i';*inkFkZL; n'kZufØ;k;k% èkkou:ideZ.k% vFkkZUrjL; ftKklk oÙkZrs] vr% n'kZukFkZsmRFkkidrklEcUèksuk¿¿dkÄ~{kk fr"Bfr] èkkous¿FkZs rq fo"k;rklEcUèksuk¿¿dkÄ~{kkfr"BfrA

mHk;lEcUèksusR;L;ksnkgj.ke~ & ̂ ipfr r.Mqya nsonÙk%* bR;=k ikdfØ;knsonÙk:ia dÙkkZja] r.Mqy:ia dEeZ p ftKklrs] ;rks fg dkjda fouk fØ;k;k%miifÙkuZ HkforqegZfrA dÙkZ̀dEeZdkjd×p fØ;ka ftKklrsA ,o×p ikdfØ;k;ka]nsonÙkr.Mqy:idÙkZ`dEeZ.kks'p ijLijekdkÄ~{kk;k% mRFkkidrk fr"BfrA rFkkfo"k;rk¿I;qHk;=kk¿fLrA

(1-2) vkdkÄ~{kk;k% vFkZfu"BRoe~ & lk p vkdkÄ~{kk ,dinkFkZL;KkukuUrja rfLeu~ inkFkZs¿Uo;;ksX;L; inkFkZL; ;TKkua] rTKkufo"kf;.kh ^vL;lEcUèkh vFkZ% d%\* bR;soa:ik bPNk] ;k iq#"ks fr"BfrA ,o×p Kkufo"k;fo"kf;.khvkdkÄ~{kkA ;Fkk Kkua ?kVkfninkFkZKkue~] rL; fo"k;% vku;ukfn;ksX;inkFkZL;Kkue~] rL; fo"kf;.kh vkdkÄ~{ksfrA ;|fi leok;lEcUèksukRefu"BSok¿¿dkÄ~{kkU;k;ers] osnkfUrers rq rknkRE;suk¿Ur%dj.kfu"Bk] rFkkfi rL;k% vkdkÄ~{kk;k%fo"k;Hkwrs¿FkZs¿¿jksikr~ vkdkÄ~{kk¿FkZfu"Bk¿fi] vrks¿;eFkkZs¿FkkZUrjekdkÄ~{krhfr

1- i-y-e- i`-l-&334] galkçdk'kue~] t;iqje~] çFkelaLdj.ke~] 20182- i-y-e- i`-l-&338] galkçdk'kue~] t;iqje~] çFkelaLdj.ke~] 2018

36 laLÑr&foe'kZ%

O;ofß;rsA bneso vfHkèkkuk¿iÕ;ZolkueFkkZr~ vFkZcksèkuL; vlekfIrfjR;qP;rsAvFkZcksèkL;k¿uUrjesok¿Uof;uks¿FkZL; ftKklksn;knFkZs ,ok¿¿jksi%] u rq insçek.kkHkkokr~A ^ina lkdkÄ~{kfe*R;=k rq lkdkÄ~{kfeR;L; lkdkÄ~{kkFkZcksèkosQy{k.k;k ̂ ina lkdkÄ~{kkFkZcksèkdfe*R;sok¿FkZ%AvkdkÄ~{kk¿FkZfu"BsR;=k Hkk";çek.kUrq& ^ijLijO;is{kka lkeF;ZesosQA dk iqu''kCn;ksO;Zis{kk\ u czwe''kCn;ksfjfr] fdarfgZ vFkZ;ksfjfrA*

(1-3) vkdkÄ~{kkO;ogkj{ks=ke~ & ,dinkFkZs ?kVkfninkFkZs vijinkFkZL;vku;ukfninkFk ZL; O;frjsosQ.k KkuL; vHkkosu vUo;cksèkktudRoL;'kkCncksèktudRokHkkoL; ?kVinkFkZs fo|ekuks Kkufo'ks"k% vkdkÄ~{kksRFkkid%AvkdkÄ~{kktudKkuL; fo"k;s ?kVinkFkZfu"BkUo;cksèktudRokHkko:is¿fivkdkÄ~{kk&O;ogkj%A v=ksna cksè;e~ & rkn`'kkUo;cksèkktudRos¿fi vkdkÄ~{kkbfr O;ogkj% bfrA Kkufo'ks"kL; fo"k;s¿Uo;cksèkktudRos¿fi vkdkÄ~{kk bfrO;ogjrsA ija 'kkCncksèks vkdkÄ~{kk u dkj.ke~] vfirq vkdkÄ~{kkKkua dkj.ke~]vr% Kkufo'ks"kfo"k;dL;k¿Uo;cksèkktudRoL; Kkua 'kkCncksèka çfr dkj.ka HkorhfrA'kkCncksèks vkdkÄ~{kkKkuL; dkj.kRoknso ̂ ?kVeku;* bfr okD;or~ ̂ ?kV% dEeZRoe~vku;ua Ñfr%* bfr 'kCnL; p foHkÙkQ~;FkZL; lewgkr~ u 'kkCncksèkks Hkofr]vkdkÄ~{kkHkkokr~A ;rks foHkÙkQ~;Urk[;krkUr;ksjso lkdkÄ~{kkFkZcksèkdRoerks ^?kV%dEeZRoe~ vku;ua Ñfr%* bR;=kk¿¿dkÄ~{kfojgRoe~A ,rsusnek;kfr inlefHkO;kgkj%vkdkÄ~{ksfrA1 lefHkO;kgkj'p fu;rikSokZiÕ;Ze~A uhyks ?kV% bR;=k LoUruhyin&lefHkO;kârLoUr?kVinRo:ik vkdkÄ~{kk rq LoUruhyinL; rFkk LoUr?kVinL;lefHkO;kgkj:ikA

(1-4) ifj'khyue~ & vUo;cksèkktudRoKkus 'kkCncksèkç;kstdrÙkRle&fHkO;kgkjfu"Bdkj.krkKkua dkj.ke~] ^vL;kUoÕ;FkZ% d%* bR;kdkÄ~{kkKkus¿Uo;&cksèkktudRoa Kkufo'ks"kfo"k;% dkj.ke~A rFkk p O;ogkjçkek.;kr~ vkdkÄ~{kkKku&dkj.ks¿I;kdkÄ~{kkRoO;ogkj%A eq[;k vkdkÄ~{kk rq leok;su] mRFkkidr;k]fo"k;r;k ok lEcUèksu ^vL;kUo;h d%* bR;soa:ik cksè;kA rR=k leok;suiq#"kfu"Bk;k vkdkÄ~{kk;k vFkZs vkjksi%] rfnrjs.k pkukjksfirSok¿¿dkÄ~{kk vFkZsbfr fnd~A

2- ;ksX;rkfu:i.ke~

(2-1) ;ksX;rky{k.ke~ & e×tw"kk;ka ;ksX;rky{k.keqÙkQe~ & ijLijkUo;&

1- O;qRifÙkoknn'kZ% & vHksnkÙk;cks/izdj.ke~A


ç;kstdèkEeZoÙofefrA1 vFkkZr~ ,dinkFkZs vijinkFkZL; vUo;L; ;% gsrqHkwr%èkEeZ% l èkEeZ ,o ;ksX;rkA 'kkCncksèks ;ksX;rkKkuL; dkj.kRoLohdkjs.k î;lkfl×pfr* bfr okD;a ;ksX;rkon~ HkwRok vckfèkrkFkZfo"k;da 'kkCncksèktuda HkofrAvfLeu~ okD;s ,d% i;%inkFkZ%] vij'p lspuinkFkZ%A r;ks% ijLijeUo;ç;kstdksèkEeZ% ^æoæO;Roa* tys] ^vkæhZdj.kRoa* p èkEeZ% lspusA ,o×p ijLijkUo;L;¾ lsdkUo;L; tykUo;L;] ç;kstdèkEeZL; ¾ æoæO;RoL; vkæhZdj.kRoL;p] i;% inkFkZs tys fl×pfrinkFkZs p lsosQ fo|ekuRokr~ ;ksX;rk:idkj.klÙokr~î;lk fl×pfr* bfr okD;a 'kkCncksèktude~A ;ksX;rk;k% 'kkCncksèks dkj.kRo&Lohdkjknso ôfÉuk fl×pfr* bfr okD;e;ksX;rkor~ vfLr] vrks¿ckfèkrkFkZ&fo"k;da 'kkCncksèka u tu;frA ofÉinkFkZL; lsdinkFkZs vUo;ç;kstdèkEeZL;æoæO;RoL;k¿Hkkokr~A

(2-2) U;k;er•.Mue~ & v;ksX;okD;knfi ckS¼eFkZeknk; 'kkCncksèkksHkofr] fdUrq l cksèk% vckfèkrkFkZfo"k;dks¿FkkZr~ çkekf.kdks u Hkofr bfroS;kdj.kere~A rL; 'kkCncksèkL; çkekf.kdRoLohdkjs ckS¼kFkZfo"k;s tukuka ço`fÙk%L;kr~] lk p ço`fÙkuZ Hkofr vrks¿;ksX;okD;kr~ ckfèkrkFkZfo"k;d ,o 'kkCncksèkks¿=kers LohfØ;rsA U;k;ers pk¿;ksX;okD;s"kq u inkFkkZuka ijLije~ vUo;cksèk%]ckèkKkukr~ osQoya çR;sda inkr~ inkFkZcksèk ,o HkorhfrA rUu] v;ksX;s ;ksX;s pokD;s loZ=k ckS¼kFkZL;So 'kkCncksèkfo"k;Rosu ckèkL; vHkkoKkuL; vHkkokr~AHkÙkZ̀gfjjfi loZ=k ckS¼kFkZKkua leFkZ;rs & vR;UrklR;fi áFkZs Kkua 'kCn% djksfrp bfrA

(2-3) 'kkCncksèkdkj.kRofujkdj.ke~ & ckS¼kFkZLohdkjkn~ oUè;kfnlqrkfn&'kCnkuka ckákFkZ'kwU;kukeI;FkZoÙokr~ çkfrifndRoa] rr% lqcqRifÙk'p HkofrA vfip ôfÉuk fl×pfr* bfr okD;kn~ ckS¼kFkZcksèkks Hkofr] vr ,o r}kD;ç;ksÙkQkjaçfr Jksrk migkla oqQoZu~ czohfr& ^væos.k ofÉuk dFka lsda czohf"k* bfrA ;fn'kkCncksèkks u L;kr~] rfgZ ,rkn`'k% migkl% dFka L;kr~\ vrks¿;ksX;okD;knfickS¼kFkZfo"k;d% 'kkCncksèk% LohdÙkZO; ,oA v=ksna cksè;e~&çkekf.kosQ Kkus lR;sotukuka ço`fÙknZ̀';rs] vçekReosQ¿ço`fÙk'pA ;nk Jksrk v;ksX;a okD;a 'k`.kksfr]rnk ckS¼kFkZekfJR; rfLeu~ 'kkCncksèkLrq tk;rs] fdUrq l tkukfr ;n;a cksèkks uckákFkZfo"k;dks okLrfod%] vfirq vokLrfod%] vrLrL; u rnFkZs ço`fÙk%A

1- i-y-e- & ;ksX;rkizdj.ke~

38 laLÑr&foe'kZ%

,o×pk¿;ksX;okD;knfi 'kkCncksèks¿FkkZr~ ;ksX;rkKku:idkj.kkHkkos¿fi 'kkCncksèk:i&dkÕ;kZsRiÙkkS lR;ka O;frjsdO;fHkpkjkUu ;ksX;rkKkuL; dkj.kRoa 'kkCncksèks¿fLrA

3- vklfÙkfu:i.ke~

(3-1) vklfÙkLo:ie~ & vklÙks% Lo:iUrq & çÑrkUo;cksèkkuqowQy&inkO;oèkkueklfÙk%A çÑr'p vUo;cksèk% çÑrkUo;cksèk% çdj.kfo"k;'kkCncksèk%rL; tudinL; O;oèkkukHkkoks¿¿lfÙk%A O;oèkku×pk=k f}foèke~&dkyÑre~]çÑrkuqi;ksfxinÑr×pA y{k.ks dkyÑrO;oèkkukHkkoLohdkjs.k bnkuheqPpfjrL;^nsonÙk* bfr inL; çgjkfnO;oèkkukHkkoLohdkjs.k p ^nsonÙkks xzkea xPNfr*bR;knkS xzkeinsu O;oèkkus¿fi nsonÙkxPNfrinkFkZ;ks% vklfÙk% vO;kgrSosfr'kkCncksèkksiifÙk%A ,o×p inkO;oèkkuRoa iwoZinkfoHkkZokfèkdj.k{k.kkO;ofgrksÙkj&{k.ko`fÙkRoe~A rFkkfg çdj.kfo"k;dL;k¿Uo;cksèkL; tudinL; dkyÑraçÑrkUo;cksèkkuqi;ksfxinÑr×p O;oèkkujkfgR;esok¿¿lfÙkfjfr iQyfrA vklfÙky{k.ks^çÑrkUo;&cksèkkuqowQys*R;L; fuos'ksu ̂ LFkkY;keksnua iprh*R;knkS ̂ LFkkY;kfe*R;L;^ipfr* bR;L; p eè;s ̂ vksnu*insu O;oèkkus lR;fi rL; vksnuL; çÑrkUo;&cksèkkuqowQyRokr~ çÑrL; LFkkY;fèkdj.kdikdfØ;k:iL;k¿Uo;cksèkL;k¿uqowQyRokr~LFkkY;k% ikdfØ;k;ka dEeZ}kjk vUo;ksi;ksfxRokr~ vklfÙk% v{krSo fr"BfrAvklfÙkfo"k;% vklUu% bR;qP;rs] vklÙks% vfo"k;'p vuklUu mP;rsA vklUuL;ks&nkgj.ke~ & ^fxfjjfXuekfu*frA v=k çÑrkUo;cksèk% fxfj% vfXuenfHkUu%]rnuqowQyin;ks% fxfjjfXueku~ bR;u;ks% vO;oèkkulÙokr~ vklfÙk%A vuklUuL;ksnk&gj.ke~ & fxfjHkZqÙkQefXueku~ nsonÙksu bfrA v=k çÑrkUo;cksèk% vfXuenfHkUufxfj&fo"k;dnsonÙkdÙkZ̀dHkkstufo"k;d%] rnuqowQyinkfu ^vfXueku~ fxfj%*] ^nsonÙksuHkqÙkQe~* bfr] rs"kka Øe'k% ^HkqÙkQe~] vfXueku~* bfr inkH;ka O;oèkkusurs"kkeO;oèkkuklÙokr~ vuklfÙk%A

(3-2) vklÙks% 'kkCncksèkdkj.kRo•.Mue~ & b;eklfÙk% eUncq¼s%Ñrs¿foyEcsu 'kkCncksèks dkj.ke~A veUncq¼s% tuL; rq vklfÙk:idkj.kkHkkos¿fiinkFkkZsifLFkrkS lR;kekdkÄ~{kkfnekgkRE;kr~ vfoyEcsuSo cksèkks tk;rs] vr% rRÑrsu vklfÙk% dkj.ke~A vL;k% 'kkCncksèkk¿Hkkos ^u inkUrf}oZpuojs;yksiLoj&lo.kkZuqPNs;kMkMÔk;ktky%* bR;fLeu~ lw=ks Hkk";Ñrk¿fi çfrikfnre~] mÙkQ×p &¶vukuqiwO;Zs.kk¿fi lfUu"Vkuka ;Fks"Ve~ vfHklEcUèkks HkofrA r|Fkk ̂ vuM~okgeqngkfj;k Roa gjfl f'kjlk oqQEHka Hkfxfu lkphuefHkèkkoUreæk{kh%* bfrA rL;;Fks"VefHklEcUèk% ^mngkfj! Hkfxfu! ;k Roa oqQEHka gjfl f'kjlk vuM~okgalkphue~ vfHkèkkoUreæk{khfj*fr¸ bR;qÙkQe~A


4- rkRiÕ;Zfu:i.ke~

(4-1) rkRiÕ;Zy{k.ke~ & lkekU;rks oÙkQqfjPNk rkRiÕ;ZefLr1A e×tw"kk;karkRiÕ;Zy{k.keqÙkQe~ & ^,rn~ okD;a ina ok ,rnFkZcksèkk;ksPpkj.kh;ferh'ojsPNkrkRiÕ;Ze~*2A vFkkZr~ ,rn~ okD;e~] ,rr~ ina ok ,rL;k¿FkZL; cksèkk; mPpkj.kfo"k;ksHkorq bfr bZ'ojsPNk:ia rkRiÕ;Za dF;rsA v=k bZ'ojina oÙkQ`ek=kksiy{kde~] vr,o ukuk'kfÙkQefr fo".kqlwÕ;kZfnokposQ gÕ;kZfn'kCns ç;qÙkQs lfr yksosQ rkRiÕ;ZUrqmPpkjf;rq% bPNk:ie~ ,o xzkáe~] rR=k bZ'ojsPNk;k vHkkokr~A rkRiÕ;ZL;'kkCncksèks dkj.krk Hkofr] vr ,o loZs lokZFkZokpdk% bfr 'kkfCndfl¼kUrs?kV'kCnkr~ iVcksèkks u Hkofr] iVkFkZcksèks ?kVL; rkRiÕ;kZHkkokr~A rkRiÕ;ZL; Lo:iUrq& ^,rRine~ ,r}kD;a ok ,rnFkZcksèkuk; e;k mPpkjZÕ;rs bfr :ie~*ArL;rkRiÕ;ZL; p fu;keda yksosQ çdj.kfyÄ~xkfnde~ ,o] ukukFkZLFkys 'kfÙkQfu;kedon~HkofrA çdj.kL; rkRiÕ;ZxzkgdRokr~ ,o ^lSUèkoe~ vku;* bfr mPpkfjrsHkkstuçdj.kkr~ yo.kcksèk%] ;q¼çdj.kkPp v'ocksèk%A osns pk¿Lenkns% mPpkjf;rq%vHkkokr~ bZ'ojsPNk:irkRiÕ;kZr~ ,o 'kkCncksèk%A osnL; bZ'ojksPpfjrRoersusnacksè;e~A osnL;k¿uqPpfjrRoersu pk¿uknhPNk:ia rkRiÕ;Ze~A

(4-2) 'kDR;k rL;kU;Fkkfl¼RoL; fujkl% & çdj.kkfnuk 'kCnkFkZ'kfÙkQ&fu'p;s¿¿dkÄ~{kkfnuk 'kkCncksèks lEHkos rkRiÕ;ZL; 'kkCncksèkEçfr u dkj.kRofefru okP;e~] çkFkfeosQ 'kkCncksèks tkrs¿fi ukukFkZdLFkys ̂ rkRiÕ;Za Dosfr u tkuhe%*bR;uqHkokr~A rkRiÕ;ZL; dkj.kRoLohdkjs ,rkn`'kkuqHko% ,o çek.ke~A vFkkZr~'kÙkQ~;k fuokZgks Hkforqa u 'kD;% dFkUrq 'kfÙkQKkusu 'kkCncksèkLrq Jksrq% Hkofr] ijal 'kkCncksèk% çkekf.kdks u osfr fu.kZ;% rkRiÕ;Zfu.kZ;knso HkforqegZfr] u fg'kfÙkQfu.kZ;kr~A rnsoa rkRiÕ;ZKkua 'kfÙkQKkukuUrja 'kkCncksèks lUnsgfuo`Ù;FkZeqi;qT;rsAvr ,o vçdj.kKa tuEçfr ;fn ^i;% vku;* bfr dF;rs] rnk i;''kCnL;'kfÙkQ};su f}foèk'kkCncksèks tkrs rL; eufl ç'u% mii|rs & ^fdekus;e~\ nqXèkatya os*frA v;×p ç'u% 'kkCncksèks rkRiÕ;ZKkuL; dkj.kRos ,o HkforqegZ%A;fn dkj.ka u L;kr~ rfgZ rkRiÕ;Zfo"k;s 'kkCncksèkle;s ç'uks¿fi u L;kr~A

5- fu"d"kZ%

'kkCncksèks òfÙkfof'k"VKkua eq[;dkj.ke~] ,rnfrfjÙkQkU;fi dkfufpr~ dkj.kkfu];kfu 'kkCncksèks lgoqQoZfUr] rkfu lgdkfjdkj.kkfu mP;UrsA ,o×p eq[;dkj.k&

1- dkfjdkoyh 'kCnizdj.ke~A2- dkfjdkoyh 'kCnizdj.ke~A

40 laLÑr&foe'kZ%

tU;dkÕ;ZtudRos lfr eq[;dkj.kfHkUudkj.kRoa lgdkfjdkj.kRoe~] lgdkfjdk&j.kkfu p prqfoZèkkfu & vkdkÄ~{kk] ;ksX;rk] vklfÙk%] rkRiÕ;Z×psfrA v=kînfof'k"VinRoekdkÄ~{kk] oSf'k"VÔ×p LokO;ofgriwoZo`fÙkRoLokO;ofgrksÙkj&o`fÙkRok¿U;rjlEcUèksus*frA ;Fkk ûhyks ?kV%* bR;=k ina uhyine~] rf}f'k"Vina?kVinfefr] oSf'k"VÔ×p Loa uhyina] rnO;ofgrksÙkjo`fÙk% ?kVinL;] r}`fÙkRoa?kVins ,o×p uhyinfof'k"V?kVinRoe~ vkdkÄ~{kk] ,oeso Loinsu ?kVinax̀árs] rnO;oèkkuiwoZòfÙk% uhyinL;] r}̀fÙkRoa uhyins ,oa ?kVinfof'k"VuhyinRo&ekdkÄ~{ksfrA rFkk p înlefHkO;kgkj% vkdkÄ~{kk* HkofrA

prq"kZq lgdkfjdkj.ks"kq f}rh;a dkj.ka ;ksX;rk uke ijLijkUo;ç;kstdèkEeZ&oÙofefrA ;Fkk i;lk fl×prhfr okD;s ,d% i;% inkFkZ%] vij'p lspuinkFkZ%Ar;ks% ijLijeUo;ç;kstdks èkEeZ% æoæO;Roa tys] vkæhZdj.kRo×p èkEeZ% lspusA,o×p lsdkUo;L; tykUo;L; ç;kstdèkEeZL; æoæO;RoL;k¿¿nhZdj.kRoL;p i;%inkFkZs tys fl×pfrinkFkZs p lspus fo|ekuRokr~ ;ksX;rk:idkj.klÙokr~i;lk fl×prhfr okD;a ;ksX;e~A ;ksX;rk¿Hkkos¿fi 'kkCncksèkks HkoR;so] ckS¼kFkZL;Lohdkjkr~A ;Fkk oUè;klqrknhuka ckákFkZRoknFkZoÙokRçkfrifndRoa] 'kkCncksèk'pA

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1- lkfgR;niZ.k%] Jhfo'oukFkkpkÕ;Z%] pkS•EcklqjHkkjrhçdk'kue~] okjk.klh]çFkelaLdj.ke~] 2013

2- dkO;çdk'k%] JheEeVkpk;Z%] lEiknd% & MkŒ ujsUæ%] Kkue.MyfyfeVsM]okjk.klh] "k"BlaLdj.ke~] 2010

3- çkSk%] galkçdk'ku]t;iqj] çFkelaLdj.ke~] 2018

8- ijey?kqe×tw"kk] Jhukxs'kHkV~V%] O;k[;kdkj% & Mk- t;'kÄïjykyf=kikBh]pkS•EckÑ".knklvdkneh] okjk.klh] prqFkZlaLdj.ke~] 2011

9- rÙofpUrkef.k%] JhxÄõs'kksikè;k;%] lEiknd% & Jhenqes'kfeJ%] fefFkyk&fo|kihB%] çFkelaLdj.ke~] 1957

10- 'kCn'kfÙkQçdkf'kdk] Jhtxnh'krdkZyÄïkj%] O;k[;kdkj% & Jh;ksxxq#pj.k&nso'kEekZ] dfydkrkfo'ofo|ky;%] dfydkrk] 1914

11- dkO;çdk'k%] JheEeVkpkÕ;Z%] O;k[;kdkj% & Jhgfj'kÄïj'kEekZ] pkS•EHkk&laLÑrlaLFkkue~] okjk.klh] n'kelaLdj.ke~] fo-2060

'kksèkPNk=kk] O;kdj.kfoHkkx%]jkf"Vª;laLÑrlaLFkkue~]

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( 42 )

1- okP;r% çkèkkU;ek=ks.k oLRoyaÑR;ksèoZfuO;ogkj%A (dkO;çdk'k%&1-Hkkx%] 137i`-] T;ksRLukeksgu] ukxçdk'kd] ubZ fnYyh&1997)

èousjy{;y{;ØeO;oLFkk 43

O;ins'k%A1 ;Fkk fu%'ks"kP;qrsR;kfni|s uk;dkfUrdxeu:iL; oLrquks O;Ä~X;L;lk{kkn~ foçyEHkksíhidRosu okP;kis{k;k çkèkkU;kn~ èofuRoe~] xzker#.ksR;knkS i|srq lÄïsrHkÄõ:iL; O;Ä~X;L; oLrqu% LoksiLÑrokP;eq•ekfyU;}kjk foçyEHkk&HkklO;×tdRosukçkèkkU;kn~ xq.khHkwrO;Ä~X;Roe~A bRFkfegkUrjkfydO;Ä~X;L;oLRoyadkj:iL; lk{kkælO;×tdRoa okP;kis{k;k çkèkkU;e~] okP;}kjk ijEij;kjlO;×tdRoa okP;a çR;çkèkkU;fefr iQfyra HkofrA ,oa O;×tukçfrik|L;O;Ä~X;kFkZL;So dkO;s èoU;kfnO;ins'kewyRosu èoU;kfnO;ogkjL; çk.kHkwrk èofu&insukfi okP;k O;×tukA2

vL;k ,o Ñrs O;fÙkQO;×tuçHk`rhfu inkfu ç;qT;UrsA O;qilxZiwokZn~^v×tw O;fÙkQ&ez{k.k&dkfUr&xfr"kq*3 bfr ifBrkn×twèkkrksY;Zq&Y;qMknkS çR;;sO;×tukn;% 'kCnk% fl¼ÔfUrA rsuk¿×tuinokP;dTtyor~ LoksijÙkQL; u;ukns%çdk'kue~] ?k`rkfnuk Lusgua (ez{k.ke~)] deuh;rk;k% lEiknue~] xeua p ;ksxkFkkZ%AdkO;LFkk;kefi O;×tuk;kfees ;ksxkFkkZ% lefUork%A bg fg O;×td% 'kCnkfnO;Z×tu;kçR;s;a oLRokfn Lo:is.k lgSo LoksijÙkQa foèkk; çdk'k;fr] jlçdk'ku;ksX;rk&lEiknusu fLuXèkhdjksfr] yyukyko.;or~ deuh;a djksfr] pjea çR;s;a çfrokP;kfn}kjk xPNfr pA ;s"kkeyadkjk.kka okP;n'kk;ka dkO;'kjhjk?kVdRoa rsO;×tu;k Li`"Vek=kk% lUr% ijka Nk;ka fcHkzrhR;fHkfgra èofuÑrkA4 ez{k.kaLusgufefr vÙkQk% 'kdZjk minèkkfr&bR;kfnJqfrokD;rks yH;rsA ez{k.keLiQqVr;kçfriknua la?kkrdj.ka pkfiA5 dkO;s O;×tu;k je.kh;ks¿FkkZs¿LiQqVRosu (lân;Sd&os|Rosu) çk;s.k çdk';rsA mÙkjksÙkjkLokns iwoZiwoZinkFkkZuka la?kkrhdj.kefi HkofrA,oa dkO;xrk;kefi O;×tuk;ka les ;ksxkFkkZ% laHkofUrA

lk O;×tuk¿yadkj'kkL=ks Lo:is.k lgSo LoksijÙkQL;kFkkZUrjL; çdk'ku:i%'kCnkFkkZfnxrks O;kikjfo'ks"k bfr Li"VeH;èkkf;AA vr ,o LoKkusukU;èkhgsrq%

1- çdkjks¿U;ks xq.khHkwrO;Ä~X;% dkO;L; n`';rsA;=k O;Ä~X;kUo;s okP;pk#Roa L;kr~ çd"kZor~AA (èoU;kyksd%&3@34] vkpk;ZtxÂkFk&ikBd%] pkS•Eck&fo|kHkoue~] okjk.klh&2011 bZ-)

2- çk.kHkwrk èousO;ZfÙkQjr% lSo foosfprkA (O;fÙkQfoosd%& 3 foe'kZ%)3- ekèkoh;èkkrqo`fÙk%& 504 i`- (rkjk cqd ,tsUlh] okjk.klh&2000 bZ-)4- 'kjhjhdj.ka ;s"kka u okP;Ros O;ofLFkre~A

rs¿yadkjk% ijka Nk;ka ;kfUr èoU;Ä~xrka xrk%AA (èoU;kyksd%&2@28)5- ezPN EysPNusA EysPNuei'kCn%A ez{kfr bfr la?kkrs 'kfiA (ekèkoh;èkkrqo`fÙk%&551

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44 laLÑr&foe'kZ%

fl¼s¿FkZs O;×tdks er%] Lo:ia çdk'k;Âso ijkoHkkldks O;×td%] u fgO;Ä~X;s çrh;ekus okP;cqf¼nZwjhHkofr&1 bR;kfn èoU;kyksds¿fHkfgre~A

dkO;s O;fÙkQeuÄõhdqoZrk¿fi efgeHkV~Vsu O;×tuk;k% Lo:iesoesoLohÑre~A #Õ;dkuqlkjs.k O;×tua f}èkkdkj.ks nqXèkknkS lw{e:is.k fLFkrL; nè;kns%LFkwy:iRokifÙk:ia çFkee~A bna çrhR;uis{kefi oLrqU;so leosra HkofrA f}rh;arwik;çrhfrlkis{kksis;çrhfr:ie~] ;Fkk ?kVçnhiknkSA çnhiçrhfrlkfgR;suSo fg?kVçrhfr%A bna #Õ;dL; dkO;çdk'kladsrs¿fHkuoxqIrlEerjllw=kkFkZçfriknusæ"Vqa 'kD;rsA O;fÙkQfoosdÑrk ?kVçnhiU;k;su LolEerk¿fi O;×tuk dkO;kfÂjk&ÑrkA rL; dkj.ka okP;L; çrh;ekuL; p lkfgR;suk¿çdk'kua fo|rs]2 okP;çrh;&eku;ks% Øeks¿o';EHkkoh] r;ks% dk;Zdkj.kHkkosuk¿oLFkkukr~A

èofuokfnuk rq okP;çrh;eku;ks% lkfgR;su çdk'kua LohÑre~A Lo:is.klgSo LoksijÙkQçrh;ekukFkZçdk'ku:ik;k O;×tuk;k ewya d'ehj'kSokxe%A r=kfg iwoZiwokZf.k f'koknhfu rÙokfu LoksÙkjkf.k 'kÙkQ~;knhfu rÙokfu Lo:ia çdk'k;UR;soçdk'k;Urhfr rkU;fi O;×tdkU;soA3 osnkUrers¿fi czã læwis.k Lo:ia çdk'k;nsoLolÙkksijÙkQeso txnqn~Hkkl;frA4 vr ,o if.Mrjktsu jlxÄõkèkjL; çFkekuusjlfu:i.ks Hkxorh fpnso O;fÙkQinsuk¿fHkfgrk] HkXu vkoj.ks fprSo Lo:is.klg foHkkoknhuka çdk'kua çnhis.k 'kjkoknhukfeo lkfèkra pA5 oS;kdj.kkukaèou;ks¿fi Lo:i:f"kreso O;Ä~X;a LiQksVa çfrikn;fUrA ,oa çdk'kdsu lgSoçdk'kfo"k;rkifÙkO;ZfÙkQfjfr O;fÙkQy{k.ka i;ZoL;fr] u rq ukxs'kkfnfHkjÄõhÑrklaLdkjfo'ks"k:ikA ,oa ØekHkkosu èofuokfnfHkjy{;y{;ØeO;oLFkk dFka Ñrsfrla'khfr%A

1- èoU;kyksd%& 461 i`-A2- okP;çR;s;;ksukZfLr O;Ä~X;O;×tdrk¿u;ks%A------lkfgR;sukçdk'kukr~A (O;fÙkQfoosd%]1

foe'kZ%] jsokçlknf}osnh]pkS•EcklaLÑrlaLFkku okjk.klh&2005 bZ-)3- rÙkæwiksixzg.ks¿fi LokrU=;pk eqÙkQRokÂ çkP;LoHkkokHkko%A ("kfV~=ka'kÙkRolanksgs 1@1

mifj JheæktkudkuUnfooj.ke~)4- rFkk lr'pkReuks¿Hkkoks¿fo|ekurk u fo|rs] loZ=kkO;fHkpkjkr~A (Jhen~Hkxon~xhrk]

'kkÄ~djHkk";e~] 2@17 'yksdksifj] fu.kZ;lkj&eqEcbZ] 1984 bZ-)5- O;fÙkQ'p HkXukoj.kk fpr~A---- ;Fkk fg 'kjkokfnuk fifgrks nhiLrfÂo`ÙkkS lfÂfgrku~

inkFkkZu~ çdk'k;fr Lo;a p çdk'krs] ,oekRepkSrU;a foHkkokfnlaofyrku~ jR;knhu~A(jlxÄõkèkj%&26 i`- HkV~VeFkqjkukFk'kkL=kh] eksrhykycukjlhnkl okjk.klh] 1988)


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LoKkusukU;èkhgsrq% fl¼s¿FkZs O;×tdks er%A;Fkk nhiks¿U;FkkHkkos dks fo'ks"kks¿L; dkjdkr~A

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46 laLÑr&foe'kZ%

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r=k jlkn;ks¿y{;Øek ,osfr eEeVknhuka ere~A ØeL; y{;Rosfoxfyros|kUrjrk;k vHkkos jlRoeso HkT;srA èofudkja çek.k;r% if.MrjktL;ers çdj.kknhukeLiQqVRos foHkkoknhuka O;×tdkuka çrhrkS foyEcs peRÑfrekUFk;Zs.krYixrk¿ihR;knkS 'yksds jlL;k¿y{;ØeRoefiA2 rUers¿fi çdj.kkfnfHk% çrhrsfoHkkoknkS rRlkfgR;suSo jR;kfnçrhrkS u d'pu fojksèk%A

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lUnHkZxzUFkk%&

1- dkO;çdk'k%&1- Hkkx%] T;ksRLukeksgu%] ukxçdk'kd%] ubZfnYyh&1997 bZ-

2- dkO;çdk'k%&1- Hkkx%] T;ksRLukeksgu%] ukxçdk'kd%] ubZfnYyh&1997 bZ-

3- èoU;kyksd%&vkpk;ZtxÂkFkikBd%] pkS•Eck&fo|kHkoue~] okjk.klh&2011bZ-

1- dkO;çdk'k%&2-Hkkx%] 578 i`- (T;ksRLukeksgu] ukxçdk'kd] ubZ fnYyh&1997)2- jlxÄ~xkèkj%&130&131 i`-A


4- O;fÙkQfoosd%] jsokçlknf}osnh] pkS•EcklaLÑrlaLFkkue~ okjk.klh&2005bZ-

5- jlxÄ~xkèkj%&HkV~VeFkqjkukFk'kkL=kh] eksrhykycukjlhnkl% okjk.klh] 1988

6- Jhen~Hkxon~xhrk] 'kkÄïjHkk";e~] fu.kZ;lkj&eqEcbZ] 1984 bZ-

7- ekèkoh;èkkrqo`fÙk%& 504 i`- (rkjkcqd& ,tsUlh] okjk.klh&2000 bZ-

8- Kashmir Series of Texts and Studies (13.14.15) & Aroma publishinghouse, Delhi & 1991 bZ-

ggg

xq.kinkFkZfoe'kZ%&Mk- eèkqds'ojHkV~V%

lgk;dkpk;Z%] jkf"Vª;laLÑrlaLFkkue~] uonsgyh

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xq.k&vkeU=k.ks bR;Lekr~ èkkrks% vp~&çR;;s1 xq.k'kCn% fu"iUu%A yksdsxq.k'kCn% LoHkkokFkZs ç;qT;rsA lRojtLrekafl xq.kinokP;kfu bfr lka[;k% osnkfUru'pA:ijlkn;% prqfo±'kfr% xq.kk2 bfr rkfdZdk%A ekèkq;kZnk;% xq.kinO;ins';k bfrvkyÄ~dkfjdk%A Dofpr~ xqf.krkFkZs] Dofpr~ vçèkkukFkZs p xq.k'kCn% ç;qÙkQ%'kkL=ks"kqA 'kCnlkèkqRocksèkds O;kdj.k'kkL=ks vlÑr~ xq.k'kCn% vuqJw;rsAikf.kU;kpk;ZS%lw=ks"kq cgqèkk xq.k'kCnksins'kks¿fi vdkfjA rL;kFkZfoe'kZ% v=k foèkkL;rsA

vnsÄ~xq.k%(1&1&2)

vusu lw=ks.k xq.klaKk foèkh;rsA vnsÄ~ p xq.klaK% L;kr~3 bfr lw=kkFkZ%Alw=ks¿fLeu~ xq.k'kCnsu v],]vks bfr o.kkZ% urq ykSfdd% xq.k%AvU;Fkk misUæ%bR;kfny{;LFkys"kq ykSfddxq.kkns'kL; çlfÙkQ% L;kr~A vr% vkn~xq.k%4 bR;kfn"kqlw=ks"kq 'kkL=kh;xq.klaKdk% vdkjSdkjkSdkjk o.kkZ x`áUrsA

oksrks xq.kopukr~ (4&1&44)

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( 48 )

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xq.kinkFkZfoe'kZ% 49

opuxzg.ke~A v] ,] vks] bR;srs u dnkfi xq.kdFkuiwoZda æO;okpdk% HkforqegZfUrAyksds rwiltZua xq.k mP;rsA r|Fkk rÙocksfèkuhVhdk;ke~ vkg& laKktkfrfØ;k'kCnku~fgRok¿U;s xq.kokfpu%1 bfrA r|Fkk egkHkk";dkj% xq.ky{k.ke~ vkg &

lÙos fufo'krs¿iSfr i`Fkx~ tkfr"kq n`';rsAvkèks;'pkfØ;kt'p lks¿lÙoçÑfrxZq.k%2AA

v;EHkko% & lhnr% &fr"Br% fyÄ~xla[;s ;fLe¡LrRlÙoe~AlÙos¾æO;sfufo'krs¾leoSfr] ;% l xq.k% bR;Uo;%A lÙo ,o fufo'kr bR;usu lÙkkO;koÙ;Zrs] lk fg u dsoya æO;s orZrs fdUrq æO;xq.kdeZlqAuuq æO;s"kq æO;Roe~vfi leoSfr vr% lks¿fi xq.k% bfr psr~& æO;Ros vfrO;kfIrokj.kk; ^viSfr*bfr fo'ks"k.knya ;ksftre~A viSfr¾vixPNfr] lRokr~ vixPNfr bR;FkZ%Adfri;æO;sH;ks¿ixPNfr xq.k%] vr% æO;RoL; loZæO;o`fÙkRokr~ ukfrO;kIrhR;FkZ%A;Fkk vkeziQys ';kerk iwoZeqiSfr] jÙkQrk;ka r=k tkrk;keiSfr p uSoa æO;kr~æO;RoeiSfrA,oefi xksRoa xks"kq orZrs v'okns'p viSfr vr% r=kkfrO;kfIr%Ar}kj.kk; i`Fkx~ tkfr"kq n`';rs bfrA i`Fkd~¾fHkUuk%tkr;% ;s"kka rs i`FkXtkr;%AxksRoa æO;Rok¿okUrjukuktkfr"kq u n`';rsA xq.kLrq n`';rsA xksRoa rq xkstkrh;s"osoHkofr u rq fHkUuk¿'okfn"kq lÙokr~] u r=kkfrO;kfIr%A ;Fkk dkseyrk r`.kkfn"ofin`';rs ukÕ;kZfn"ofiA vr% tkfrfHkUuks Hkofr xq.k%A ;% æO;ekJ;rs] æO;kfUuorZrs]fHkUutkrh;s"kq n`';rs l% xq.k bR;FkZ%A iwokZsÙkQy{k.ksu fØ;k;k% xq.kRoa çkIuksfrAlk¿fi fØ;k æO;s fufo'krs dnkfpr~ æO;kfUuorZrsA dnkfpr~ fuf"Ø;a æO;aHkofr dnkfpr~ lfØ;e~A fHkUutkrh;kfu p æO;kf.k vkJ;rsA vr%fØ;k;kefrO;kfIrokj.kk; vkg&vkèks;'pkfØ;kt'pA vkèkh;rs mRik|rs bR;kèks;%¾mRik|%A ;Fkk ikdæO;s"kq jÙkQrk xq.k%] l áfXula;ksxsu fu"ik|rsA vfØ;kt%¾fØ;k¾O;kikj%] rrks tkr% fØ;kt%] u fØ;ktks¿fØ;kt%¾fuR;% vuqRik|% okA;Fkk vkdk'kknseZgRokfn%A ,rsu ifjfuf"Brxq.ky{k.ka fuR;kfuR;o`fÙktkfreÙoe~bfr yCèke~A fØ;k rwRik|So] lk u fuR;k bfr rL;k% fØ;k;k% }Sfoè;kHkkokr~xq.kRokHkko%A ,oefi æO;L; xq.kRoa çkIuksfrA vo;foæO;e~ vo;oæO;s"kqfufo'krs] vleokf;dkj.kla;ksxfuo`rkS p fouk'kkr~ rrks¿iSfr] fHkUutkrh;s"kq pgLriknkfn"kq n`';rsA fuR;kfuR;Hksnsu æO;a f}foèka HkofrA fujo;oL; ijek.okns%fuR;Rokr~] vo;foæO;L; ?kVkns% vfuR;Rokr~ vr vkg& vlÙoçÑfrfjfrAvæO;LoHkko bR;FkZ%A vlÙoçÑfrfjR;=k æO;insu xq.kkJ;% mP;rsAv;esokFkZ%

1- oS- fl-dkSeqnh] çFkeHkkx%]rÙocksfèkuhO;k[;k] i`"Bla[;k & 5592- O;k-e-Hkk";e~] v&4] ik&1] vkfÉde~&2] i`"Bla[;k & 62

50 laLÑr&foe'kZ%

'yksdkUrjs.k çksÙkQ% vfLeu~ lw=kHkk";s&a

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Central Sanskrit Universitysanskrit.nic.in/Sanskrit_Vimarsah/v15_16.pdf · Central Sanskrit University