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SECTION 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 The sub transmission and distribution constitutes the final link between

the utility and consumer and the utility is judged by the consumers on the

performance of this segment of power utility. The funds required for system

improvement schemes for primary distribution sector is so large that the

present level of funding is grossly inadequate. Inadequacy of funds is

contributing towards time and cost overrun of the sub -transmission and

distribution projects resulting in lack of capacity addition in sub

transmission and distribution network. Therefore, timely completion of

schemes pertaining to sub transmission and distribution works within the

budgeted cost is of vital importance as it directly reflects on the performance

of the utility and revenue realisation from the ultimate customer.

1.2 Monitoring is a continuous process to ensure timely implementation

without time and cost overrun and in O & M stage covering performance

(technical) and consumer satisfaction issues. The systematic approach to

project monitoring and evaluation through computer based monitoring and

information system will curtail avoidable delays which are taking place

today in sub transmission and distribution project even after investment

decision is done timely.

1.3 In planning new sub-transmission and distribution system ,land

encumbrances ,environmental interfaces and visual impact are features,

which are receiving increasing importance. It is not only the planning cost

but cost of construction is also to be minimised which rises due to delay in

construction. Apart from compensation to be paid ,the very process of

acquiring land is time consuming. The coordination with telecommunication

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Litigation

1.6 Most of these can be minimised by organising and controlling post

investment decision activities through adoption of meticulous monitoring

techniques such as Bar Chart Method, Critical Path Method (CPM),or

Programme Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT).The preference is

given to adoption to Bar Chart Method due to its simplicity. The PERT is

suitable to R & D projects.

1.7 Monitoring is a control function. The objective is realised through the

managerial techniques of Planning & Control. They are inter-

dependent functions, for the one looses its significance without the other.1.8 The primary work arising under the planning elements is the

determination of construction/implementation programme for the year

and laying down the general principles on the basis of which it will

operate. These general principles basically involves availability of the

finances, land and various clearances to undertake construction work etc.

Once the construction programme for the year is decided and distributed

properly into the four quarters of the year, the control function comes

into play.

1.9 The control function is generally exercised by comparison of actual

results with pre-determined programme or targets and taking corrective

measures where deviation occurs.

1.10 The basic objective of strengthening and improvement of sub

transmission and distribution system is to ensure quality and reliability of

supply to consumers, bring down technical losses to an optimal minimum

value and phasing the system expansion to match the growing demand in

the area.

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1.11 The evaluation of a sub-Transmission and Distribution system can be

done in terms of, reduction of T & D losses, reduction in overloading of

feeders and transformers ,degree of improvement in the voltage profile

vis--vis voltage regulation, reduction in number of trippings of

distribution system due to overloading ,reduction in consumer

interruption ,reduction in cost per consumer, increase in revenue,

enhancement in peak demand, energy supplied,enhancement in number

of consumer supplied, improvement in level of service, assessing cost of

input energy to total sales and total collection etc. The computation of T

& D losses in the real system is very difficult and accuracy of the

computation and quantification depend on number of factors such as,

accuracy of meters, type of billing system , thefts and tampering of

meters, metering and billing supply interruptions, consumer complaint

redressal etc.

1.12 This documents provides guidelines for issues to be looked into in

awarding contracts, implementation activities, monitoring of sub-

transmission and distribution projects for timely completion, performance

evaluation and O&M of the equipment.

1.13 The performance evaluation of the new system needs comparison of

performance after adding the new system with system prior to network

elements added in the existing system. A data acquisition system is

required for such evaluation due to large number of inputs.

1.14 A computer based software is also required for project monitoring and

reliability analysis.

1.15 Another area in which no work has been done so far by any of the

utility is Renovation and Modernisation (R & M ) and life assessment

studies of the sub transmission and distribution equipment. This can

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enhance the life to few more years if predictive maintenance in the form

of R & M supported by residual life assessment studies, is done at proper

time.