Chapter 1 Review

Scientific Skills• Observing – Using 1 or more of your senses to gather

information. Qualitative – describes without numbers Quantitative – describes using numbers

• Inferring – explaining your observations based on prior knowledge

• Predicting – type of inference that has to do with the FUTURE

• Classifying – grouping together items that are alike in some way

• Making Models – a physical representation of an object or idea

Review

• Counting the number of red shirts on the spaceship is an example of this type of observation.

• Quantitative• When Robert tasted the lemonade he noticed

that it was too sour. What scientific skill was he using?

• Observing

When you create a representation of the solar system you are ________________.

Making a model

This type of model is not to scale because __________________________.

It does not represent an accurate proportion

• The top drawer of Lydia’s dresser drawer is where she keeps all of her socks. This is an example of ________________.

Classifying

We finished reading our chapter in science today. I ___________________ will have a test soon.

Predict

Name the Types of Observation

• There are 500 ants crawling across the picnic table.

QuantitativeThat one ant is very small.

Qualitative

• Shanni brought cupcakes to school today. I can ____________ that today is her birthday.

• Infer

Scientific Inquiry

• Hypothesis – possible answer based on knowledge, NOT a question, must be testable

• A hypothesis is testable if you can gather data, experiment, and prove or disprove it.

• Variable – something you can change in an experiment• Manipulated Variable – the 1 variable you change in an

experiment• Responding Variable – a measurable “result” caused by

the manipulated variable• Data – facts, figures, evidence gathered through

observations

Review• Sandra observed that 25 cm of rain fell in a 24

hr. period. At times the rain came down very heavily and other times it only sprinkled. The information gathered is considered ________.

DataIn my plant experiment there are several things I can change (soil, type of liquid, location, etc.) these are all examples of _______________.

Variables

• How many variables should I change at one time?1

The one variable I change is called the _________________.

Manipulated VariableIn John’s experiment he wants to find out what type of shoes will help him run the fastest. Is this an example of a good hypothesis? Will Nike Cross Trainers be the best shoe for running fast? Please explain your answer.

No. A hypothesis is NEVER a question.

• I gave coffee to one of my plants in my experiment. That plant grew 20 cm. This result is a called a ________________ variable.

• Responding

Measurement

• Length – SI unit – Meter (m) Common – Centimeter (cm) Tools – metric ruler, meter stick

• Weight – SI unit – Newton (N) Common – Pound (lb) Tools – Scale

• Mass – SI unit – Kilogram (kg) Common – gram (g) Tool - Balance

• Volume – SI Unit – Cubic Meter (m^3) Common – Cubic Centimeter (cm^3) Tools- Metric ruler, graduated

cylinder Formula- V = L x W x H• Density – SI Unit – Kilograms per cubic meter

(kg/m^3)Common – grams per cubic

centimeter (g/cm^3)Tools – Balance and Metric

Ruler or Graduated CylinderFormula – D = M/V

• Time – SI Unit - Second (s) Common – Minute (min), Hour (hr) Tool – Stopwatch

• Temperature – SI Unit –Kelvin (K) Common – Celsius (C)

Tool - Thermometer

• Difference between mass and weight – gravityWeight is the force of gravity on your

mass• Meniscus – the curved upper surface of a

liquid in a column of liquid (graduated cylinder)

Review• Name the common unit of measurement and

abbreviation of temperature.• Celsius (C)• Name the SI unit and abbreviation of length.• Meter (m)• What is the correct formula for volume?• V = L X W X H• What tools would you use to measure density?• Balance and metric ruler or graduated cylinder

• The volume on an object is 15 cm^3 and its mass is 45 g, what is its density?

• 3 g/cm^3• What is the one word that defines the difference

between mass and weight?• Gravity• Every mathematical calculation in science will

include a number and _______________.• A unit of measurement• The bubble at the top of a column of liquid is called

the _____________.• Meniscus

• Estimate – a reasonable guess, used when we cannot find the exact number

• Accuracy – how close you are to the correct answer – Bullseye!

• Reproducibility – repetition of a result - may or may not be accurate

• It is important to have both accuracy and reproducibility

Significant Figures

• Includes all of the digits measured exactly plus one that has been estimated

• Precision – exactness of a measurement

Muy

Importante

Need to know this

Adding/Subtracting – DECIMALS!!!!!!!!!!Find the number with the least amount of decimals places. That is how many decimals places your answer should have. Then add or subtract normally.

16.7 g + 2.895 g 19.595 g

19.6 g

• Multiplying/Dividing - Digits!!!!!!!!!!Find the number with the least number

of digits (significant figures). Your answer should have the same amount. Multiply or divide normally.

2.23 mLX .5 mL1.115 mL

1 mL

Review• Solve the following problem using the correct

significant figures - 123.79 cm +10.826 cm

• 134.62 cm• Solve the following problem using the correct

significant figures – 29.36 g X 1.7 g • 50 g^2

Graphs in Science

• Line Graphsshow how much responding variable (y)

changes in response to manipulated variable (x)

Steps to Make a Graph• Draw axes horizontal = x – manipulated variable vertical

= y – responding variable• Label the axes – WITH UNIT OF MEASUREMENT!• Create an accurate scale – look at the range of data and

plan accordingly. Must have equally spaced intervals.• Plot the Data• Draw line of best fit – if necessary, otherwise connect plot

points• Add a title

Bonus Question!!!!

• What three things must you have in every science class?

• Calculator, metric ruler, and graph paper

Bonus Question!!!!!!

• What does each letter in STEM stand for?S = Science

T = TechnologyE = Engineering

M = Mathematics