CHAPTER 16

The Resurgence of the Christian West,

1050 – 1530

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1. Conflicts and Connections Between Europe and Islam

A. The Seljuk TurksB. Christians and Muslims in Iberia

1. Reconquista2. Intellectual exchange

C. The First Crusade: ”It Is God’s Will!”1. Pope Urban II’s appeal2. The First Crusade (1096 – 1099)

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1. Conflicts and Connections Between Europe and Islam (cont’d)

D. The Muslim Response and the Later Crusades1. Brutality and retaliation2. The Second Crusade3. Salah al-Din4. Later crusades

E. Islamic Impacts on Western Commerce and Culture1. Commercial consequences2. Cultural consequences3. Political consequences

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2. The High Middle Ages

A. Agricultural Advances1. Agricultural innovation and population growth

B. The Growth of Towns and Trade1. Spurs to urbanization 2. Guilds3. Town life

C. The Rise of Royal Authority1. Kings and towns 2. Warfare and political centralization

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2. The High Middle Ages (cont’d)

D. The Revitalized Roman Church1. Papal power2. New religious orders3. Jews and dissenters

E. Intellectual and Cultural Developments1. Universities2. Scholasticism3. Gothic architecture

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2. The High Middle Ages (cont’d)

F. Exaltation of Women and Marriage1. The cult of Mary2. Marriage3. Gender roles

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3. The Decline of the Middle Ages

A. The Avignon PopesB. Famine, Plague, and Social Unrest

1. Climate change2. The “Black Death”3. Consequences of the plague

C. The Great Western SchismD. Europe in Disarray

1. The Hundred Years’ War2. Political conflict in Central Europe

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4. The European Renaissance

A. Roots and Attributes of the Renaissance1. Medieval roots2. Petrarch and Boccaccio3. Vernacular literature4. Humanism

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4. The European Renaissance (cont’d)

B. The Italian Renaissance1. Renaissance Italy2. Renaissance Florence3. The High Renaissance

1. Leonardo da Vinci2. Raphael3. Michelangelo4. Political turmoil

C. The Northern Renaissance1. Foundations of the northern Renaissance2. Northern writers and artists

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4. The European Renaissance (cont’d)

D. Social and Political Effects1. Social development2. Consolidation of monarchial power

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