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Chapter Outline and Learning Objectives
• Government– LO 1.1: Describe the key functions of
government and explain why they matter.• Politics
– LO 1.2: Define the various aspects of politics.
Chapter Outline and Learning Objectives
• The Policymaking System– LO 1.3: Assess how citizens can have an
impact on public policy and how policies can impact people.
• Democracy– LO 1.4: List the key principles of
democracy, theories regarding how it works in practice, and challenges it faces today.
Chapter Outline and Learning Objectives
• The Scope of Government in America– LO 1.5: Explain the debate in America over
the proper scope of government.
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman
You have 7 minutes(Pick one)
LO 1.1
To Learning Objectives
Chapter 1: Introducing Government in America
• Government• Politics• The Policymaking System• Democracy• The Scope of Government in America• Summary
GovernmentLO 1.1: Describe the key functions of
government and explain why they matter.
Government makes public policies made for society. Governments perform 5 basic functions.
• Maintain a national defense.• Provide public services.• Preserve order.• Socialize the young.• Collect taxes.
To Learning Objectives
LO 1.1
To Learning Objectives
Define the various aspects of politics.
Politics is the process by which we select our governmental leaders and what policies they pursue.
Harold Lasswell defines politics: who gets what, when, and how.
To Learning Objectives
LO 1.2
To Learning Objectives
People Shape Policy Policies Impact People
To Learning Objectives
Policymaking Process
LO 1.3
To Learning Objectives
The Policymaking System
Policies Impact People• Public policy is a choice that government makes in response to a
political issue.• Policy impacts are the effects a policy has on people and
problems.
LO 1.3
To Learning Objectives
LO 1.3
To Learning Objectives
LO 1.3
To Learning Objectives
DemocracyLO 1.4: List the key principles of democracy, theories regarding how it works in practice,
and challenges it faces today.
Traditional Democratic Theory Three Contemporary Theories of American
Democracy Challenges to Democracy American Political Culture and Democracy A Culture War? Preview Questions about Democracy
To Learning Objectives
Democracy
Traditional Democratic Theory• Democracy is a system in which policy represents and responds
to the public’s preferences.• Five components of Traditional Democratic Theory are equality in
voting, effective participation, enlightened understanding, citizen control of the agenda, and inclusion.
LO 1.4
To Learning Objectives
Democracy
Democracy is a system in which policy represents and responds to the public’s preferences
Three Contemporary Theories of American Democracy• Pluralist Theory: politics is mainly a competition among
groups, each one pressing for its own preferred policies.• Groups must bargain and compromise to get policies.
LO 1.4
To Learning Objectives
.
Democracy
Three Contemporary Theories of American Democracy (cont.)• Elite and Class Theory: societies are divided along class
lines and that an upper-class elite will rule.• Policies benefit those with money and power.
LO 1.4
To Learning Objectives
Democracy
Three Contemporary Theories of American Democracy (cont.)• Hyperpluralism: competing groups are so strong that
government is weakened.• Confusing and contradictory policies result from politicians
trying to placate every group.
LO 1.4
To Learning Objectives
Democracy
Challenges to Democracy• Increased complexity of issues make it harder for citizens to
make decisions.• Limited participation in government, especially voting.• Escalating campaign costs stop people from running for
office.• Diverse political interests result into policy gridlock.
LO 1.4
To Learning Objectives
Democracy
American Political Culture and Democracy• Political culture is an overall set of values widely shared within a
society.• Five elements of American political culture are liberty,
egalitarianism, individualism, laissez-faire, and populism.
LO 1.4
To Learning Objectives
LO 1.4
To Learning Objectives
LO 1.4
To Learning Objectives
Democracy
A Culture War?• James Q. Wilson believes that America is a more polarized nation
today than at any time in living memory.• Other scholars believe that there is relatively little evidence of a
so-called culture war going on among ordinary American citizens.
LO 1.4
To Learning Objectives
Culture War – A Myth That Polarizes America?
http://media.pearsoncmg.com/ph/hss/SSA_SHARED_MEDIA_1/polisci/presidency/Seg3_PoliticalCulture_v2.html
1Video: In Context
Scope of Government? Too Big?
The Scope of Government in America
How Active Is American Government?• Spends $3.8 trillion yearly.• Employs 2.8 million civilians and 1.4 million in the military.• It owns one-third of the land in the United States.• It occupies 2.6 billion square feet of office space.
LO 1.5
To Learning Objectives
http://media.pearsoncmg.com/ph/hss/SSA_SHARED_MEDIA_1/polisci/presidency/Seg5_IntroAmrGov_v2.html
1Video: In the Real World
http://media.pearsoncmg.com/ph/hss/SSA_SHARED_MEDIA_1/polisci/presidency/Edwards_Ch01_Introducing_Government_in_America_Seg6_v2.html
1So What? Why You Need to Pay Attention to Politics?
The Scope of Government in America
Preview Questions about the Scope of Government• What role did the Constitution’s authors foresee for the
federal government?• Does the public favor a large, active government?• Is Congress too responsive to the demands of the public
and organized interests?
To Learning Objectives
LO 1.1Summary
Describe the key functions of government and explain why they matter.• All governments perform include maintaining a national defense,
providing public services, preserving order, socializing the young, and collecting taxes.
• These functions matter because they impact our lives.
To Learning Objectives
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman
Which of the following is an example of a public good?
A. College education
B. Automobile insurance
C. Home ownership
D. National defense
LO 1.1
To Learning Objectives
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman
Which of the following is an example of a public good?
A. College education
B. Automobile insurance
C. Home ownership
D. National defense
LO 1.1
To Learning Objectives
LO 1.2Summary
Define the various aspects of politics.• Politics determines who our leaders are and what policies they
pursue.• The who of politics is the voters, candidates, parties, and groups;
the what is the benefits and burdens of government; the how is the various ways in which people participate in politics.
To Learning Objectives
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman
Politics determines who we select as our governmental leaders and policies these leaders pursue.
A. who
B. what
C. when
D. how
LO 1.2
To Learning Objectives
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman
Politics determines who we select as our governmental leaders and policies these leaders pursue.
A. who
B. what
C. when
D. how
LO 1.2
To Learning Objectives
LO 1.3Summary
Assess how citizens can have an impact on public policy and how policies can impact people.• Citizens’ interests and concerns are transmitted through linkage
institutions to the policy agenda of the policymaking institutions.• The policies that are made then influence peoples’ lives.
To Learning Objectives
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman
All of the following are considered linkage institutions EXCEPT
A. the media.
B. interest groups.
C. political parties.
D. courts.
E. elections.
LO 1.3
To Learning Objectives
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman
All of the following are considered linkage institutions EXCEPT
A. the media.
B. interest groups.
C. political parties.
D. courts.
E. elections.
LO 1.3
To Learning Objectives
LO 1.4Summary
List the key principles of democracy, theories regarding how it works in practice, and challenges it faces today.• Key principles of democracy are equality in voting, effective
participation, enlightened understanding, citizen control of the agenda, and inclusion.
To Learning Objectives
LO 1.4Summary
List the key principles of democracy, theories regarding how it works in practice, and challenges it faces today.• The theories regarding how democracy works in practice are the
pluralist theory, elitist and class theory, and hyperpluralist theory.
To Learning Objectives
LO 1.4Summary
List the key principles of democracy, theories regarding how it works in practice, and challenges it faces today.• Challenges democracy faces today are complexity of issues
today, citizens’ limited participation, escalating campaign costs, and the policy gridlock resulting from diverse political interests.
To Learning Objectives
LO 1.5Summary
Explain the debate in America over the proper scope of government.• Politicians debate if the scope of government responsibilities is
too vast, just about right, or not comprehensive enough.• This debate concerns whether the goals that are agreed to be
important are best achieved through government action or rather through means other than government.
To Learning Objectives