CHUẨN KIẾN THỨC VỀ BIẾN ĐỔI CÂU TIẾNG ANH - LÊ VĂN SỰ

7/26/2019 CHUN KIN THC V BIN I CU TING ANH - L VN S

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Ging Vin Ting AnhTrng i Hc Dn Lp Lc Hng

CHUN KIN THC V

BIN I CUTING ANH

SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION

Gm : * 50 mc trnh A * 50 me trnh B .

* 50 mc trnh c

* 1500 cu luyn tp

Dng luyn thi v ra chng ch ABC, t ti,tuyn sinh cao ng, i hc, hc snh gii...

NH XUT BN HNG C

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W.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM

ng gp PDF bi GV. Nguyn Thanh T


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Hy vng ti liu ny s dng gp tch cc cho vic chun hakin thc v cc dng bi nu trn l nhig dng thng gp trongcc chng trnh o to ting Anh mi cp hc hin nay. Nh c th trnh e tnh trng dy mt ng thi mt no khngtheo mt chun mc no c, vt chng trnh, hc t, hc my

mc, khng nm c quy lut, khng c ci nhn h thng v ton cc cng nh lng tng khi gp nhng tnh hung mi.

Sau cng, y l nhng tp sch ln u c vit theonhng mc tiu ln ao trn nn khng trnh khi nhng thiu st ch quan. Ratemong nhn c kin ng gp ca bn c.

L VN S

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geN TENCt TRA/y-SFOfcMA / Toa/



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J .CV'VJ

FOCUS 1A:

QUESTIONS WITH "HOW MUCH"

I. TRANSFORMATION PATTERNWhat + be + the price of sth ? o How much + be + sth?

,. ______________________How much + do /does + sth -f cost?

II. SENTENCES FOR PRACTICE1. What is the price of this watch?

How much. - i . w ....................................................?

2. What is the price of your car;?

How much ............. ....................................... ?

3. What is the price of her hat?

How much ........................................................................?

4. What is the price of his coat?

How much ......................................

5. What is the price of these beautiful Ascrves?

How much v.- rL.'S.lju.....................................................?

6. How much are'these oranges?

What is.:.ws> ............................................?

7. How much is yke pork? A ........ ___

What is.*' : : ; ~z *k .s ............................................... ? r*8. How much do these dresses cost?. A * ' 1

What ..................................?

9. How much does the petrol cost? 1What i s . A ........................................ ?

10. How much is a cup of coffee? ,

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........... 3 1 / 6 / l i

FOCUS 2A: QUESTION WITH"HOW TO GET TO"

I. TRANSFORMATION PATTERNCan you show/ tell me the way to + a place?

o Can you tell me how to getfto + a place?

n . SENTENCES FOR PRACTICE I1. Can you tell me the way to the bank? i ? r

Can you tell .....

2. Gan you tell me the way to DngNai Post Office? . I ' - - 1 ' r ^ ' . '0. ; , ' r .

Can you tell -C-?c *J .

3. Can you tell me the way to the station? ; I , - * - - - ~ * ' - >i-v -;

Can you tell m e.i, ....... .............?

4. Can you tell me the way to the church?

Can you tellm e 1 ........ J,. .\ ?

5. Can you tell me the way to Buu Loijg Mountains? V . J

Caa you tell me.-A.IC ..................................................................................... 6. Can you tell me how to get to tile bus station?, ' ;

Can you y ..e....

7. Gan you tell me how tQ get to Tan Son Nhat Airport? ,Can you show me

8. Can you teU me how to get to Uncle Ho's mausoleum?

Can you show me........ . . . _______________

9. Can you tell me how get to Ngo Quyen Secondary School? (Can you show ' ..... r . a . s^. . . *0p. 10. Can you tell me how to get to the highway? ' f ' s m

Can you show m e . v . \ . 4 * .......... ?

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4 / 3 1 m oFOCUS 3A: ADJECTIVE - ADVERB

I. TRANSFORMATION PATTERN. ;

s + be + adj + noun s + verb + adverb

n . SENTENCES FOR PRACTICE1. They are fast typists.

They ........... ............................ .................................. ......... ........ ........... ...

2. He is a fluent speaker.

H e ................. i......................................................... .....................................

3. Peter is a hard^worker.Peter.........._______ ____ ______ _____ _____________________ _

4. Lan is a good singer. :

5. They are fast runners. .

They ..... ............................. ............................. ..... ................. .......

6. Morgan is a slow driver. . .. ...

Morgan................................. ..................................... ............................ .

7. Tony and Bobby are very good footballers. ..........

Tony and Bobby.......... ....... rrr. . . . . . . . * **r. V

8. We are lazy students.

W e........ ...................................................... ..............................................

9. Mary is an excellent dancer.

Mary........ ................. ............................. ...................................................

10. They are frequent church goers. e : ;

They ...... ........ ................. ....... ....... , ...... ..........

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FOCUS 4A: f:AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE OR

NEGATIVE QUESTIONL TRANSFORMATION PATTERN i f ;

s + v o s + V (negative)

or Wh-word + V (negative)?

, V (negative) +subject? _______

n . SENTENCES FOR PRACTICE1. Everybody longs to live in prosperity.

Who does no t ................. ..... ................................................ ...... ?

2. Everybody wishes to live happily.

Who does not........ ............. ..... .......... ....... ............. ..... ....... ?

3. Her health became worse in her old age.

Her health didnt ......_______ i.................................................................

4. They went on smokipg all through the meal.They didn't.................................................... ...............................................

5. Everyone loves peace.Who does not ............................... ........ .....................- .............. .......... .....? *

6. My grandfather is weak when he is old. IMy grandfather isn't>.............................. ..............h ............................

7. The students kept on talking when the teacher ca pe n.

The students didnt . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ....................................

8 .1 think swimming is good for our health. | vIsn't swimming......................... ....... ............ .................. /

9. We believe vegetables contain a lot of vitamin.

Don't vegetables...................................................................... ...................?

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9. There is lio butter in the fridge.

"There isn't................. ................................... .............................................

10. These old people have nobody to talk to.These old people dont have.....................................................................

FOCUS 7A: HAVE - THERE IS AARE

I. TRANSFORMATION PATTERN,V,.J s + have o There is/ are

n . SENTENCES FOR PRACTICE

1. The cafe has a lot of tables.There ....................... ...... ......................................................................

2. Theatre programmes usually have lots of information.

There is ........ ........ .

3. London has more than thirty theatres.There are ....................................................... ............. ...... ............

4. The garden has a swimming pool.

T h e r e . ......... .............. .............................................

5. The system has both private and state schools.

There................... ..... c................................ .............. ..................

6. My house has four rooms.

There...................................................................................... ......... .

7. Our class has 30 students.

There a r e .................... ........ ...................... .............................. ..... .

8. There will be more than 6 billion people in the world in 2000.The world will........................

9. There have been more robberies in this-City recently.

This city, h a s ...... ........ ................... ..........V . ^ i'iifr&'X fW p' ~' :M -

rhe re isn . ....



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10. There will be a lot of interesting TV programmes for people.

People w ill................................................................................................

FOCUS 8A: ADJECTIVE + NOUN - NOUN + BE + ADJECTIVE

I. TRANSFORMATION PATTERN J.s + be + adj + noun o Noun + be + adjective

n . SENTENCES FOR PRACTICE : 1. The national theatre has very comfortable seats.

The seats ........................................................... ...............................

2. Our college has many large classrooms. -*

The classrooms................................. ......... ................ ................ .........

3. These are very valuable paintings.

These paintings............................. .......................................................

4. The book contains many beautiful illustrations. > f

The illustrations in ........................................... ..........5. They are in unfavorable situations.

Their situations........................................ *.............................................

6. The university has got numerous outstanding professors.

Many professors of the un iversity ......... ....... ................ ....................

7. The tower of the church is high.

The church has .................. ....... ...... ........ ..................................

8. We have got a magnificent view from our window.

The view from our window...;........... ..... ............. .................................

9. The test they did was not easy. . : ......They didn't do.......... ......

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10. The house my parents bought is comfortable.My parents bought..... . ........ ................. .......

FOCUS 9A: ADJECTIVE +

PREPOSITION - ADVERB

I. T R A N S F O R M A T IO N P A T T E R N

s + be + adjective + prep. s + V + adverb

s + v + adverb o s + be + adjective + prep.

n . S E N T E N ^ S F O R P R A C TIC E1. Mary was very ;kind to me.

Mary behaved ........................................

2. He delivers his; lecture fluently.

He is fluent .!!............. ............................ .......... ...... .......................

3. They did their work carefully.They*were careful__...................................

4. Tom acted foolishly.Tnm wa-s fo o lish __V.___ ____________ _____ ______

5. She derided blindly.*

She was blind ............................................................................

6. We are deliberate on everything.We deal with ......................................... .................................

7. He is quick at understanding the lesson.He understands............................................ .......... .........

8. My sister is slow at doing housework. ,My sister does.......................... ...... ........ ................ .................. .

9. The children are happy with their learning.

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^The children le a r n . . . ' . I . . . . . .......................... ............................. . .

10. Everybody is eager in preparing for the new year.

. Everybody prepares fo r .................. .......... ...... .......................................

FOCUS 10A: WITH + NOUN - ADVERBI. TRANSFORMATION PATTERN ;

s + V + with + noun Or s + V + adverb

n . SENTENCES FOR PRACTICE1. He handled the chinawares with care.

.... He handled............. ..... .............................. ............ ................................2. Ke delivers his lecture with eloquence. is

H e............... ........... ........................... .....- ................. ..............................

3- The students listened to their teacher with great attention.

The students ................................................................................................

4v They waited for the football match with excit em en tsr

They waited....................................H-..... ......... ................... :.............. .....

5. The fishermen looked out to the sea with anxiety. ; The fishermen looked............ ................... ......... ...... ............. ...... .

6. The-candidates took their exam with impatience. 'The candidates took.................. .....................................V.....................

7. The-sick people tried to endure the sufferings with patience.The sick people.............................. ................. .................. ........................

8. We received him with pleasure.

We received ........................................... ............. .7j.

9. She kissed her teacher with thanks;.........She kissed-................. ...... .......................... ............................. ....... .....

10. The boy rushed out of the room with horror.

The boy rushed ....................................................................... -...................

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FOCUS 11 A: ADJECTIVES ENDING

IN -ED AND -ING

I.' TRANSFORMATION PATTERNS1. s +be +ing-actjectrve s +be + ed-adjective.2. s + be + ed-adjective o s +be +ing-adjective.3. s +V , ; s +be +ed-adjective

n. SENTENCES FOR PRACTICE1. Mylittle brother can be so annoying sometimes.

I am .......... ............................ ........- ........ - ............... ....... ........................2. This lecture bores me to tears.

I am ---------------- -------------------------------:....... ....... ............. ..............

3. Your decision to get married before finishing your degree surprisedus. . ..... ...................... ...................................

We wer e ................. ............ ................... .................. ..................................

4. Mary , was encouraged by the. news. .......................

The new s.............................................................

..... .

............. .....................5. The boy was excited about the film.

The film was ........... ........ .......... ............. ................ .............

6. People were worried about the war. ;

The war was .............................. ....... ................... ............ ...... ...................

7. Girls are often terrified of dogs.

Dogs are often................................... ........................... ......................... ......

8. Ana is usually embarrassed at speaking in public. 'Speaking in public is usually ............... .................... ...............-..... ..........

9. The teachers were very pleased with their lectures.

Their lectures were very ......-........... .............................. ........ ......

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10. The students were interested in their lectures.Their lectures were.......................................................1................. .

FOCUS 12A: IT + T A K E S / TOOK...

I. TRANSFORMATION PATTERN_ s + V +- time o It + takes / took + (S.O) + time + to inf.

n . SENTENCES FOR PRACTICE1 .1 accomplished this task in 3 months.

It took............................................................................................................

2. Jane spends 3 hours a week sorting out stamps.Sorting out her stamps......... ......... ............... ................ ........ ..................

3. Any pictures that are taken will have to travel for three minutes before they reach the earth.

The pictures will take ................. .................................... ...........I.

4. She wrote the letter in 30 minutes.

It took........... .............................. ...................... ................................

5. John finished his essay in two Hours. ...It took................................................................ ........ ....................... ........

6. I washed all these clothes in an hour.

It took..................-...................................... ............ ............... .....................

7. -The flight to Moscow lasted three and a ha lf hours, :'i.It took.................................... ........................... .............Ii....

8. We spent five hours getting to London. |bIt took us ............................ ...... ......... ........................

9. The passengers spent one hour and a half to fly to Hanoi.It took..................... ................................ i............ ..........:p.........................

10. The engineers completed the construction work in 1*00 days.

It took................................ .......................................... .............................



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FOCUS 13A:

CONNECTED STATEMENTS AND

CORRELATIVE CONJUNCTIONS

L TRANSFORMATION PATTERNS' .. -_ - -.... .

1. SI + VI + and + S2 + V2

-'-- o S1-+ VI + and + S2 + be , too.dodoes

and + so + be/do/does + S22. SI + Vl(neg+ and + S2 + V2(neg)

o SI + Vl(neg) + and + S2 + be + not, either

" do


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Neither my sist er ...................................... ...... .............

6. She can't play the piano and he can't play the piano.She c a n t .................. .................... and....................... .....

7. Lan doesn't like oranges and Hoa doesn't either.

Neither La n .........................................................

8. We haven't got a dishwasher and we haven't got a micro oven.

We have neither ...............................................................................

9. He remembered, and so did she.He didn't ......... .. . . ....... .................. .. ...............

10- He must be mad and he must be crazy.

He must be either ............ ................. ....

FOCUS 14A: THE VERB "MAKE--- - ---- -

I. TRANSFORMATION PATTERNs + be + adjective s + make + o + adjective

n . SENTENCES FOR PRACTICE1. Why was she late? p

What........................................ ............... ...... ...... ............. .,...

2. The critics were strongly impressed by her performance.Her performance made......... ......... ............................... .....

3. He felt happy with the news.The news made......................................... ............... - ...........

4. Im always nervous when I travel by air.

Travelling................................................................................

5. He felt happy with the toys.

The toys m ade........................................................................

6. She heard the song and she felt homesick.

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..... The song made......................................... ....................... .................. ..........

7. They were late because of heavy traffic.: The heavy traffic made . ...................................... ...........................

8. She is always sad when she sees the film.

The film always makes . . . . . .

............

.......

.

9. He was successful thanks to his hard work.

His hard work made.............. ..... .............................................. ..

10. We work ali.day and we have no time to spareOur work makes .............................. ............... ....................... ..... ...... - ......

FOCUS 15A: THE VERBS

"REMEMBER AMD FORGET"

I. TRANSFORMATION PATTERN(s) + remember + to do stH o (s) + dont forget + to do sth

H. SENTENCES FOR PRACTICE

I. Remember to check your flight numbeivDon't...................................... .................................... ............................ ..... ...

2. Remember to send this letter for me.Don't.......... ...........................................................................................

3. Remember to check for spelling mistakes before you Hand in yourcomposition. r V ^

Don't...,.......................... .............................................. ..............;....... ........

4. Remember to water the vegetables.

Dont*........... ...... ................................................................. .................. .......5. Mind to fulfill your task.

Don't....................................................................... ..... ....I...:........;. .........

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I- 'Q-

6. Remember to take care of yourself. | :Dont ....................... ............................................. ...... .......4.;...... .. V......

7. Dont forget to go to the meeting on time. I ;Remember.......... .................................................................................... ....

8. Don't forget to turn off the lights when you go out. 1Remember...................................... ................... .............ir ............. ..........

;fs -9. Dont forget.to. do your homework. j "

Remember........................ ...... ......................................... .........................

10. Dont forget to post my letters on your way to work.,Remember.......................................................... ................................ ........

FOCUS 16A:__EXCLAMATORY SENTENCES

I. TRANSFORMATION PATTERNS1. s+ b e + adjective Wht + a + adjective + noun!

How + adjective + s + be!

2. s + V + adverb How + adverb + s + V!

n . SENTENCES FOR PRACTICE

1. She is a very graceful girl.What.................................... ..................... t

2..How fast lie runs! .....................He i s .......................................................... f

.3. The meal was excellent. .

What....................................... .................. 1

4. This is a beautiful picture. I , ..c. +

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5. She sang very beautifully.How............... .............................................. ....... ........ !

6. Whatassweet little girl!Si .......... ............................................................................................I

7. What a great idea!That is ......................... ........ ......................................................... .....

8. What a beautiful home you have!

You .......4 - * - ............................... .............................. *....... ......................

9. How nice that Jayne could come with you!It is .................................... ................. ............

10. How nice she is!

What a....*............................................................................. ............ ........ !

s J FOCUS 17A:

TQ LIKE - TO BE FOND OF

I. TRANSFORMATION PATTEEXs + like + sth o s + be + fond of + sth.

n. SENTENCES FOR PRACTICE1 .1 like detective stories.

I .................................................... .........

2. She likes drinking coffee.

She i s ............ .........................................................

3. Children like sweets.

Children are.................................................. ........4. The tourists like to lie on the beach sunbathing.

The tourists are...................................... .

5. We liked to go camping in the mountains.

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We were ..................,......................................... ...............;...... .......... :......

6. Barbara isn't fond of sitting around the. house all day without doinganything. .

Barbara doesn't lil^e................................................ ......... ............. .........

7. My little sister is fond of playing with her doll.My little sister...................................... ................................ ........... .......

8. Everybody is fond of spring because of its ideal weather.

Everybody........ ......................................... ............ .

9- Nobody is fond of liars. . ^ ,..... Nobody.............................................................................................. ........

10. We are fond of watching the sunset.

We .................J......;...-..............;........................... ....... ....... .................

FOCUS 18A: LET - ALLOW

I. TRANSFORMATION PATTERN Is + let + 0 +do sth o s + allow + s .o . + to Hb sth. ;

n . SENTENCES FOR PRACTICE1. Betty let Karen keep the kitten. f

Betty allowed.................:.........................................................................

2. The teacher did not let the class leave before 4:30. icThe teacher..:............;.;.............................. .................................... ........

3. The police let the people enter the park. ^The police...................................... ....... ........... ........................................

4. Our parents let us do what we think we should!Our parents...:..-..-..-...................... . ............ ......... ............ ......... ................

5. The boss didnt let her have a day off.The boss...................................... ....................... ............



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6 The national laws allow us to do private businesses.*.r -The national laws............. ..............................4....... ...............................

7. They dont allow outsiders to attend their meeting. ' -They dont....................................................................... ......... ...................

8. They don't allow the students to smke in class.They doiv'i, ............ .................................................................................. ...

9. She will allow her son to engage in social activities.She will . .i .................

10. The weather didn't allow people ta celebrate the ceremony in theopen air. /i

The weather didn't.............................. ,..... .*.............................................

FOCUS 19A: TO BE SCARED OF -

TO BE AFRAID OF

LTRA.MSFORMATION PATTERNs + be + scared of + sth o s+ be + afraid of + sth. '

n . SENTENCES FOR PRACTICE;1. Marks scared of heights.

Mark is dfraid..................................................

2. We boys shouldnt be scared of ghosts.

We boys shouldnt ............................................

3. Old people are often scared of death.Old people.........................................................

4. She was scared of seeing a headless man.She was ....................................... .....................

5. We arent scared of walking in the darkness.

We arent^.........................................................



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6. She isn't afraid of assuming difficult tasks.She isnt scared . ...................................

7. Dont be afraid of living on your own.You shouldn't............. ................... ................. ... .......

8. People are afraid of being jobless.People a r e ........

9* The girl was afraid of being drowned.The girl was.......................................

10. The elephants are afraid of being hunted.

The elephants are.................................... .

FOCUS 20A: THE VERB "SUGGESTFOLLOWED BY PRESENT

SUBJUNCTIVE

1.TRANSFORMATION PATTERNS 1 IV Lets +v '12. In my opinion3: 3 + advise4. Why dont you do sth? ^

.Y*r.i ;

^ s + suggest + thafc;+ s + presents subjunctive.

ors + suggest + Vrihg

n . SENTENCES FOR PRACTICE1. Let's go for a walk in the park, said Ann.

Arm suggested that..-.......... ........ .............

2. in my opinion you are not telling the truth.

I suggest.........................................................

3. I'd take a taxi if I were you, said Peter.Peter suggested....................... ......



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4. The doctor advised me to rest.The doctor suggested .................... .......... ...............................

5. Why dont you complain to the company, Peter? said WilliamWilliam suggested ........................ ..........................................................

6. Why don't you meet to discuss the pay offer?I suggest...;................................................ .................... ..................................... .

7. Why don't yu go on a walking holiday? said Jane.

Jane suggested...................... ........ .............. ......

8. Why don't you buy a food processor? said Mary.Mary suggested............. ...................... ...... .............................................

9. The policeman told us to fit new locks on the door.

He suggested................................................ .......................................... ...

10. Why dont you buy this picture as a wedding present? said Ann.Ann suggested.............................. ................................. .......................

FOCUS 21A: TO BE SUPPOSED TO

I. TRANSFORMATION PATTERNS

1. Its ones duty to do sth. - 0 s + be + supposed to do sth.2. s + be + thought to + V f__________ ________________

* n. SENTENCES FOR PRACTICE1. It is your duty to obey him.

You are ............. ..................... ................. ............ ........... .......... ....... .....

2. Yogurt is thought to be good for you.

Yogurt is .................... .......... ........... ............ ...... ................. ....... .. .

3. Swimming is believed to be good for our health. ~

Swimming i s .......... ....... ...... ........... ........................... ......

4. Exercise is thought to do us good.

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Exercise is ....................... .................... .......... ..........

5. Drinking alcohol is said to do us harm. ? :-Drinking alcohol is ..................................... . L .......................

6. It's your duty to be on time. ^You are......................... ................................................................

7. Nobody wanted you to be here.You w ere......................................................... ....... ........ ..............

8. Everybody expected the flight to be on time. V"

The flight was....................................................

9. It's his duty to help his parents with housework.He is................................... .............................. ................. .

10. People wanted the train to arrive at 6 A.M. ' X : :The train w a s................................................................ ..

FOCUS 22A: THE VERB

"SHOULD / SHOULDN'T"

I. TRANSFORMATION PATTERNImperative verb s + should (not) + be + V3.________________ s + should (not) + dp sth.

L SENTENCES FOR PRACTICE1. Dont touch this switch. fi

This switch ....................... .................................................... .....

2. It isn't a good idea for you to put so much salt in thsoup.You shouldn't............................................. ............... ........... .....

3. It isn't a good idea for you to drink so much alcoholYou shouldn't..................... ................... .............. .... .......



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4. Dont trip over the step into the kitchen.You shouldn't........... ...... ....................................... ................

5. You can't park here because it's a restricted area.

You shouldnt ........................................................................ .

6. Why didnt they tell me about these changes earlier?I should have been.......................... ......... ................... ...............

7. Don't lean against the newly-painted wall.

You shouldnt ........................................... .......... .........................

8. Don't smoke too many cigarettes.

You shouldnt ............ ...............................................

9. Children are advised to go to bed early.

Children should ........ ........... ..........10. You had better not stay up late.

You shouldnt .......... .......... ........................ ................................

FOCUS 23A: ~PREFER - WOULD RATHER


s + would prefer s + would rather + s + past subjunctive.s + like... better than... o s +would rather ... than____s +prefer s +would rather +V.

n . SENTENCES FOR PRACTICE1. He would prefer you to tell him a story.

He'd rather...!...I;..'........:...:....'

2. We'd prefer you not to smoke!We'd rather................ .......... ......

3. Daisy likes to eat fish better than meat.

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Daisy would r a t h e r .........................................................

4.They like to go to the zoo better than to the cinema.They would rather.......................:................. ...........

5. Peter likes to be a tractor driver better than to be a farmer.Peter would rather.............................. ................ .i...............................

6. We prefer to stay at home tonight. I-We would rather...:............. ............... ..... . . . . ' 4 ' . ; . . . . . . . ..........

7. Tony would rather watch sports on TV than play.

Tony prefers t ........... ................ ..................4 ........................

8. Mrs Green likes to live in a city better than in the" countryside.Mrs Green would rather................ ....................... ................ ..................

9. I like to be a worker better than to be a farmer.I would rather .................. ................... ...... ............. . '.J..............................

10. He likes to be a supporter better than to be player.He would rather................ *............................................ .........................

FOCUS 24A: THE VERB KEEP /F IN D ______ + Q +ADJECTIVE

I. TRANSFORMATION PATTERNs + V + o o s + keep + o + adjective,

find

______________________s + find +it (unreal object) +. adj + to. inf

n. SENTENCES FOR PRACTICE1. The heavy traffic annoys the residents.

The residents find.......-..... ..................................................................

2. We must clean and tidy our school.



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We must keep

3.Some visitors .to Britain get depressed by the weather.Some visits to Britain find..................................................................

4. Carol has no problems in making friends.Carol finds it ........................................................... ....... .y..........................

5: He -found that it was difficult to tell them the truth.Ke found i t . ....................................................... ..........................

6. English pronunciation confuses us.We find...... i..... ................ ............................. .. ............... ................

7. We think thatiearning English grammar is easy.We find................... ~.......7....... .1... ....... ......... ................ ...... ........... .....

8. The office work doesnt allow us to rest-The office work keeps... .................. . . . . . . . ......... ........ ...

9. We shouldnt pollute our environment.We should keep. .................... .................................. ............ .......... ......

10. Her words embarrassed us.

We found............................................. .......... ......... ....................................

FOCUS 25A: THE STRUCTURE WITHTHE VERBS OF PERCEPTION AND

EQUIVALENT ONES

I. TRANSFORMATION PATTERN................................s + verb of perception + 0 + adjective or.V-ing

s + verb of perception + th a t + s + V.

H. SENTENCES FOR PRACTICEI. Mrs. Green found the air in the meeting terrible.



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i Mrs. Green found that...

2. She saw the air full of smoke.

;She saw that................................................. ........... iv*L..........................

3. She noticed the smoke rising.

She noticed that....................................................... ................................4. She felt her throat burning.

;V"; She felt that.................................................. ........... .................................

5- .She confessed to being puzzled. ' ;v VShe confessed that-......................................

I 6. She expected the air-conditioning company to find the answer|E difficult.

She expected .............................. ....... ......... ............ ................................

1. But the air-conditioning- company found the answer easy. /, . 1' ; But the air-conditioning company found th at .................................. .

8. We smelled something burning in the kitchen.I We smelled that something ........... . ............. . ........ ......... ............

' 9: They heard her singing in the next room.I They heard that she w a s . . . ... ........................ ........... ...... .............

I 10. The hunters saw the bear crossing the street.; -i>;> : ;. ;:

The hunters saw that.................. ......... ......... ..... ........

FOCUS 26A: THE PREPOSITION

I "BY" FOLLOWED BY "V-IIMG"f I iI I. TRANSFORMATION PATTERN 1l _________ _______________________________________

I Si + VI + when + S2 + V2 s +v + by.+ V-ing.

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n . SENTENCES FOR PRACTICE1. They will make the ground fertile when they fertilize it.

They ........................................... by.................. . . . . . .................

2. Ill get rid of weeds when I spray them.

Il l .................... ............... ........by................ ............ . ................

. 3. He can get hay for cattle when he keeps grass.He can .......................................... b y ........... .............................................

4. The farmers can harvest the rice crop quickly when they usecombine-harvesters.

The farmers can. . . ............. .............. . by.......... ............... ...............

5. You can improve your English when you practise it.

You can......!.................................. by.........................................................

6. Learners of English can speak fluently when they contact nativespeakers.

Learners of English .................. ........................................ ......................

7. Your listening can be better if you listen more.Your listening ...... ......... ................. by........... ........ ............ ...... .........

8. People will become well-informed if they read more.

People w ill ....................................................... .............

9. The visitors saw more of the country because they travelled by train.The visitors.............. .... . . .. .. . by .................... . . ....... ...............

10. They will get more money when they work overtime.

They will get .......... ........... ................................................. ....v......... ....

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FOCUS 27A: THE PREPOSITION"FOR" FOLLOWED BY A NOUN

I. TRANSFORMATION PATTERNSi + VI + because + S2 + V2 s + V + for + noun.

n. SENTENCES FOR PRACTICE I1. My grandparents went to the park because they, wanted to have a

walk. '

My grandparents ........... ............. .......................................... for........ ..........

2. I took my friend to the swimming pool because we, wanted to have a -;swim.

I took.............................. ......... for...................................... ..............

3. They queue up because they want to buy the ticket?.They ............................................ . .for .................... ....... ...........................

4. The children went to the theatre because they wanted to see a play.The children........*.;*................................................ :...... ........ ................

5. We learn English because we want to get a good job. We learn............................. .......................i'..lk..... .................................

6. People go to th park because they want to enjoy fresh air.People go.............................. ................................... ..................

7. They drove to the mountain because they wanted to climb it;They drove...................... ............................. ................ ............................

&. We moved to the city to have a better life.We moved.................................................................................. ....... .........

9. He works harder to earn more money.He works.........:.....................;............... .. . . . . . . . ............ .................

10. They modernised the machinery to produce high-technical cars.They modernized................. ......... ...... ......... ..........................................



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Dad speaks. ............................... ........ ..... ......... -

9. Popular newspapers are cheaper than.serious ones.

Serious newspapers........................ ........

10. Murder is the most serious of all crimes.

No crimes........................................ ...........................................................

FOCUS 30A:T O O + A D J + T O I N F . - s o . . . T H A T


1. s + be + too + adj + to infinitiveo s + be + so + adj + that + s + can't + V.

2. s + V + too +:adv + to infinitive s + V + SO+ adv + that + s + cant + V.

n. SENTENCES FOR PRACTICE1. This iron bar Is too cold for the worker to strike.

This iron Dr is so ........ ....................... ...................... ..............................

2. The news is too good to be true.The news is so ............................................................. ...................... ........

3. He spoke too fast for anybody to understand.

He spoke so .................................................................... ..........................

4. This tea is too hot for him to drink.

This tea is so .......... .............................................................................. .....

5. The cake was too hard for me to eat. '

The cake was so....;.......... .V.................................. ..................................

6. The production is too small'to satisfy the need of our city;The. production is so ......... ............. .................................. ...................... .

7. The problem was too complicated for them to solve in a few months.

.3 8 - .... .



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The problem was so...,.........................................

8. The man was too tired to say a word.The man was so.................... .................... :......

9 . 1 think that my sister is too busy to-help them.

I th ink................................................ .................10. Peter is too young to take part in the club. .

Peter is so ................................... .

FOCUS 31 A:ADJECTIVE / ADVERB + ENOUGH

I . T R A N S F O R M A T IO N P A T T E R N S .. . 1. s + be + so + adj + that + s + .V ^ : : '2. s + be + too + adj + to infinitive J ri


32/208

The paper mill is large enough.................................... ..... ......................

6. Those exercises are easy so they could finish them in half an hour.

Those exercises are easy enough .............. ........................................ .....

7. The policeman could not run very fast, so he was unable to catch, the burglar.The policeman couldnt run fast enough........... ........... .......... ....... ......

8. There IS not much beer, so you cant all have a drink.There isn't enough.....................................................................................

9. Im very tired so I must go to bed early.

Im tired enough...... .................:................ ........... *.............................

10. Peter is too young to watch TV. ^

Peter isnt ............................

.......... ............................................... ............

FOCUS 32A: HAD BETTER

I. TRAXSK}IATION PATTERNSs + advise + 4- to do sth o s + had better + do sth.

s + ought to + do something- ........ . - ' ......

should

n . SENTENCES FOR PRACTICE................. ..................

1. John advised Tom not to lend them any more money.Torrid....................................................................................... ...............

2. I advise you to take a holiday. the doctor continued.

u d betteri' lL.... .......... ..... * the doctor continued.

3. They are advised to travel by train.They had ........................................... ..... ......... ...........____ ________

4. I advise you to put your money in the bank.V" ' , ' ' - ......

You'd............... .................................................................................. .

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5 I advise you not to say anything like that again.

You'd.................L .................................................................... ..........- ... . ... ;; ; .6. You ought to have your car serviced every two years.

You'd........................................................................ L L ........................

7. They should quit smoking.

They had .......................................-s; .. T '

8. We should train ourselves to become good citizens! .'We had.................................!...... ................. .................... .......... ! -:. '7;-. ;

9. She is advised to take part in the music festival.

She had .......... .................... ....... ........ ...........Sfv-.-v.f......................

10. You ought to take a rest.

You had.......................................................................................................

_ m g j s j 3 A a j s p | j r ^ ^ ;

I. TRANSFORMATION PATTEIS

s +once +past verb I o J . J . u- - . " f o ' s + used to + do sth.

s +present verb (negative) any more J___________ _________ ____

n . SENTENCES FOR PRACTICE1. They once started these machines by hand. . . .

They used to.......................................................... ............... .................

2. He doesnt get up late any more.He used ............ ............. ...... . - . . J . . v: . ..;

3 .1 don't listen to the radio any more.

I used;,.;................. .....................................................................................

4. They dont have a dog any more.They used............................... ................... .................... ...........................

5. My brother doesnt serve in the army any longer.

.

h 41



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My brother used........................................................................... ........ ....

6. Barbara is not as keen on travel as she used to be.Barbara used .............. ............... .............................................................

7. When he was young, he usually did morning exercise m the park.He used to ............................. ............. ....... . . ........... .... .... ...............

8. The man often spent his holiday in the mountain when lie wasyoung.

The man used to................... ..... ............ .......

'9. Before he had the car, he went to work by bike.Before he had the car, he used to ......................... ............. ..........

10.When I was young, I usually got up early.

I used to ....................................................... ..... :.........

.................... i.........

FOCUS 34A: TO INFINITIVE

INDICATING PURPOSE

I. TRANSFORMATION PATTERN

s +V + because + S + V o s + v + to infinitive.so thatin order that

. .... . . . . . , .

n. SENTENCES FOR PRACTICE1. Mary went shopping because she wanted to buy some jeans. :

Mary went......... ......... .......... ........... ............................................... ........

2. They went early so that they could get good seats.

They went ................................ ...................................................................3. He turned on the computer so that he could print the letter.

He turned on..............................................................................................

4. They had to leave earlier than usual so that they could attend the

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meeting.They h a d . . I . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . : . . . . . . ....................................................

5. He cut the cake into pices so that he could give it to the children.He cut.....,.....;.................................. ........ ................................. ....... .

6. She cut some green grass so that she could feed the new-born calf.She c u t ........... ........... ................... ....................... ..

7. He climbed up the tree so that he could pick some fruits.He;.;..........*...............:.......................... . . .......... .... ... ... ... ...

8 .1 turned on the TV so that I could listen to the news.I ........ .................. ......... ....................... ......... ..

9. They left early because they didn't want to get caught in the traffic.They left early to.....:..I....................................... ......... ..................

10. We must study hard in order that we can serve our country.We must-........;. .......... ............. ....... ....................

FOCUS 35A: THE USE OF THE

PAST COINITINUOlis

I. TRANSFORMATION PATTERNS I__________ : : ; __ _______ ' '________1. s + past continuous + and + s + past continuous

o s + past continuous + while + s + past continuous..

2. s .+ past continuous + and + s + simple pasto s + simple past + when + s + past continuous.

n . SENTENCES FOR PRACTICE r s

1. We were having dinner and they were listening to tht radio.We were......................................... ......... ...................................... ....... .

2 - She was sleeping and the fire started.

The fire.....................................................................................................



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3. It began to rin nd what were you doing?

... What............... i .................................................................... ......................

4. The farmer started whistling and he was ploughing the field.

W h e n .... ................................. . .

5. You came and what were they doing?What.... ............................................. ......................................... ............

6. She came and what was happening?

What was ................................. ....................................................... .........

'7. She was reading a book and the man came in.The man........... ...........................................................................................

8. They were working in the field and the volcano erupted.

The volcano.

.......... .............................. ......................................... ............

9. The ship was leaving the harbor and the lava hit the town. ...When the ship ...... ..................... ................................ ...... ......................

10. The headmaster was going to bis car and someone hit him on the head.

Someone, hit th h e d n ia s t e r ............ ....... ......... ........ ...................

FOCUS 36A NOUN - ADJECTIVE_ AND ADJECTIVE - VERB _


j

1. s + V + noun phraseo ;s + be + adjective2. s + be?Hradjective phrase o s + V + o

n .1. She is a girl of gEeat beauty.

She ...................................

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2. The problem is of great importance. v; i-kf '.1[:' ;The problem is .......... ..................... .................

3. The. painting is of real value. I :;The painting i s .......................................................J i........... ................ .

4. That proved her goodness.That proved that....~.... ................................ ' -

5. The proof showed his, innocence. i f ...... .....The proof showed that.............. ...................... ................................ ........

6. It is hopeful that we shall finish our work soon.We hope ..................... ......... ............. ....... ........ ...................... .......... ......

7 .1 am bored with this lecture.. This lecture____________________

8. He's always short of money.He never......... i....... .......... ................

9. He was excited about the music.The music...........................................

10. We were worried about the war. .

The war........................................ .

FOCUS 37A: TO BE USED TO


1. s + be accustomed to + V -ing2. s + often + V

s + be used to + V - ing / noun

3. This is the first time + s + have + V3o> s + be + not used to + V-ing / noun



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n . SENTENCES FOR PRACTICE1.Jamie isn't accustomed to working so hard.

Jamie isn 't ............................................................ ........ .............................

2. I often get up early.

I am used..................................................................................." ..... .........

3. My French friend finds driving on the left difficult.My French friend isnt ............................................ ............... ................

4. This is the first time that I have lived in a city with a high crime- rate. . . -

Im not used--- ---------------- -------------------------------- ------....... ......

5. She has always got up early in the morning. :

Shes used..V. ......... ...... ................ ...... ........ ....... ^ ..........6. Working in a large office is a new experience for me.I'm not............... ...................................,................................. .-....... ........

7. My brother is aceustomed to living in cold climate.My brother is used..,................... .............................................. ................

8 . 1 don't normally go into town by car. II am not used ..................... ........................................... .................. ......... I

'9. My grandmother, is not accustomed to the cold weather. 1

My grandmother is................................. ............................ 110. This is the first time iny daughter hais eatenEuropean food. I

My daughter isn 't ........................... ............................. ............................. I

................... T .............. ........ \ ' T " . ~~ I.......... - - ' ' - 4

i. ; . . . . v; I

\A\

- - \

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FOCUS 38A: BOTH AMD

I. TRANSFORMATION PATTERNSs + V+ and + s + V i- s + V +both ... and _s + V+not only ... +but also... J -

n . SENTENCES FOR PRACTICE1. It was a very boring film and it was very long too.

The film was both.............. .................... ........................ ......................

2. All has studied not only in the United States but also in Europe.Ali has studied both .......................... .......................................................

3. Dan was a newcomer, and so was Jim. IBoth Dan................................................................. -I....................... ........

4. Mary went to London and Kate did, too.Both.....,....*.......................... ............. ........ .................................. ...............

5. Peter was a football player and his brother was, too.

Both,............................................ ................... ........ /L ............ ......... .........

6. Dan came from Thailand and Chow came from Tiland.

Both....................... ......... ... .................... .............*"^;.............................7. Young people normally like not only music but alsq sports.

ung people like both........................................................ ..............

8. She is not only beautiful but also graceful. :She is both.............. ................................................ ........................ .........

9. My mother likes tea and my father does, too. V- g

Both my niother.......................................w................. ..............................

10. Tom is my older brother and Peter is, too.Both Tom and ................................. ................. ........ ............................

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FOCUS 39: NOT ONLY ... BUT ALSO

I. TRANSFORMATION PATTERN'S

1. s +v+both ... and ...2. s +V +o /-C +and + 0 / c ^ s +V + not only ... but also >. s +V + +V-" J

II. SENT EN CES FOR PRA CTICE

1. You are both funny and witty.

Not on ly .......... .......... !.............................................

2. She can enjoy a good meal and she can go fishing on the lake.

She can nt o n l y ............. ...................... ..... ..........................................

3. They ate lamb chops and fish.They ate not only.......................... ...... ......... .......... ................ .

4. The underground is quick and cheap.

- ' The underground is ilot only....... .............................. ...... .

5.- Mr.' Browii* Rais read^ai'novel by Charles Dickens and he has seen thefilm made from it.

Mr. Brown has not only ...........................

.

........ ......................

6. Tiiey like field events and they like team games.They like notitn-ly ..... ...... .................. . . . . . . . .......

V7. Mary has both toothache and headache.

Mary has not only ......................................... . . V . . . . . . . . . . . .......... ......................................... .............................................

8. The pavements 'are both narrow and crowded.: Th pavementsare not only .................... ........... ...................... .............

9. That boy was dirty and he was lazy, too.That boy was^not only.............................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..............

10. Mrs Brown's daughter is both beautiful and clever.Mrs Brown's daughter is not...:..............................................................

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FOCUS 40A:

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

I. TRANSFORMATION PATTERNS i

1. S I + simple present + and + S2 + simple future It,If + SI + simple pres. + S2 + simpl f u t u r e . .

2 SI + didnt + V i + because + S2 + didnt + V2 |%" If dause (type 3) I f

3. Various facts given ' .o If clause expressing the contraiy-toct suppositions.

n. SENTENCES FOR PRACTICE1. He works hard and he will pass.his exams. .v _;

I f . . . . . . . . . ...........i...........

2. He didn't pass the exam because he didn't work hard. \vIf.......... .................................... ..... ..................... ................. ................. .....

3. We can avoid waiting by booking the tickets in advance.If................................. ....... :..... ...... ........ ....... .......................... ...............

4. She didn't hurry so she missed the train. : >If....:........................................... ............................... ..... ........... .

5. They wanted to buy the house, but they hadn't got enough money.

If they ................................: . ..... ...... ...... ........ ..............

6 We must go or well be late.If...........

7. He was planning to go-to teacher training college but -his father

died. -' , VIf his father....... .......................................... ....... .............

8. They didnt follow the map,.so,they got; dost.If they...::;.-::.;::.................................. ...................... ..................................

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9. He was driving very fast because he didn't know the road was icy.

If he.................................. . ....................................................................

10. I regret not going to the airport to say good-bye to him. ^

If......... ................................ ................ ....I.,...............................................

FOCUS 41 A: CONDITIONAL

SENTENCES WITH "UNLESS

I. TRANSFORMATION PATTERN

SI + VI + if + S2 + V2 (negative)

: o S1 +V 1 + unless + S2 + V2 (affirmative)

n . SENTENCES FOR PRACTICE1. World population will continue to rise if we do not try to reduce it.

Unless ......... ........ ....................................................... ................. ...............

2. You will catch a cold if you dont keep your feet dry.Unless . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......................................................

3. Well miss our ride home if we dont leave now.

Unless ......... ........ ....... ....... . . . ........ ...............

4. If you don't rest,you really will be illUnless ..........J ................................... . ......................................

5. This tree won't grow if there is no water.This tree won't........ ............................. . . .......... ................................

6. If you dont watch the programme, you cant really judge it.

Unless yoa................... ................................. ........... ...........................

7. If it doesnt rail! soon, millions of pound's worth of crops will be lost.Unless ...................... ................... ....................................................... .

8. If you don't go out in the rain, you will not wet get. ^ -Unless............................................................:................. .......:

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9. If the King didn't spoke wisely, people wouldnt praise him.

Unless ................... ...... ........................... ...... ........... .................

10. If he doesnt apologize I win never invite him home again.Unless..................................... ...................... ..............................

FOCUS 42A: MOT ... UNTIL

I. TRANSFORMATION PATTERNAs +V +time or time clause

s + V (negative) + until. + time or time; clauseo Not until + s + V + inversion of s +v.

n . SENTENCES FOR PRACTICE1. Mr Manstal will be back on Monday.

Mr Manstal won't.............. ................................ .....V............. ................i

2. He returned to his native village when the war ended.

He didn't return.........................................................................................

3. Thie refugees continued to feel unsafe until they had crossed the

border.Not until.........;;..:......;:*.......;:....... ............ ............ : ............... ............

4. We could relax when all the guests had gone hom^We couldn't.. I.;..............;.....:............ ................... -............

5. Alice and Charles decided to move when they had had their secondchild.

Alice and Charles did n o t ........ ......... ........................ ..............

6. l only recognized him when he came into the light.

Not until......... ..................................................................;.v...-:.:7. He forgot about the gun until he got home.

Not until..................................... ........................ ................................. .

8. It was only when left home that I realised how much my father

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meant to me.Not until.................... ..................... .................. ..............................;.. ..

9. He celebrated after he received the offer of promotion in writing.He didnt celebrate .............. ........... ............r.......... ..... ...... ..................

10. My father returned home at midnight.Jt. was; ,Q0t un til ................ ....... that ............................ .................

FOCUS 43 ACTIVE AND PASSIVE

I. TRANSFORMA.TIOX PATTERNS1. Active => Passive2. Passive -=> Active - - : ................. -

n. SENTENCES FOR PRACTICE1. The storevsopened in 1932 by John.

John ........... .................................. .............................................

2. Has anyone told you about it yet?

Have you ................ ................... ....... ...... .............. ..... ...

3. Somebody accused him. of stealing the money. -He............... ............................. ............................................................

4. People are going to build a bridge over my house.A bridge ...................................... ...............................

5. They built many; buildings to commemorate Uncle Ho's birthday.Many buildings......................................... ............................. .....

6. They will ask us all several questions.We shall.......J ..............;..... ......... ................... . . .

7. They must observe the rules of the games carefully.The rules......................................................................... .- ' . . :

8. They were building- a new stadium when I arrived.

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A new stadium...........,.......!.........................

9. Newspapers are sold everywhere in the city.'People..'.......'......'......'.....'..'..... ............................

10. Did the woman buy those vegetables?

Were those vegetables . ; : V.'

FOCUS 44A: CAUSATIVE FORM. T - - T - - , - - I t V -

I. TRANSFORMATION PATTERNS f- :

1. Causative active: s +get / ask / request / want|f s o. +to do sth s + have +s.o. + do sth.

2. Causative passive: s + have +sth +past participle.

n. SENTENCES FOR PRACTICE1. Someone isgoing to repair my TV set tomorrow.. , .

I*m going to...................................................... .

2. They had the porter can y their luggage to a taxi. ^They had their...?........................................... ............................ .....

3. They had an

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