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1BI GINGTHC S: PHM TH THANH LIN

Thng 04 NM 2014 TRNG I HC V TRNG TONKHOA DC B MN SINH HC THC VT DC

2i HOAChng 4: S SINH SN & CQSS CA TV BC CAOii QUiii HT

S SINH SN CA THC VTCQ SINH SN CA TV BC CAO

C QUAN SINH SN-

HTMC TIU1. Trnh by c s bin i ca non thnh cc phn ca ht sau s th tinh.2. Nu c cc phn ph c trn ht.3. Trnh by c cc loi ni nh c th gp ht.4. M t cc kiu ny mm ca ht.11NI DUNG1. S PHT TRIN CA NON THNH HT2. CC PHN CA HT3. HNH DNG CA HT TRNG THNH4. S PHT TN V NY MM CA HT5. CNG DNG CA HT I VI NGNH DCNH NGHAHt (ht) l c quan sinh sn ca cy ht kn sinh bi s pht trin ca non sau khi th tinh. Sau khi thnh lp xong, ht s trng thi sng chm mt thi gian ch iu kin thun li cho s ny mm.1. S PHT TRIN CA NON THNH HTHp t (2n) phi (cy mm) gm: r mm, thn mm, chi mm v l mm (1 hoc 2) .T bo khi u ca ni nh (3n) phn chia v pht trin thnh ni nh (phi nh).Phi tm bin mt hoc sinh ra ngoi nh.V non s pht trin thnh v ht. c bit qu dnh (ht ca cy h La) v non s tiu bin i, do ni nh s gn lin vo v qu.

2. CC PHN CA HTPhn chnh ca ht l phi. 2.1. Phi (cy mm)2.1.1. Phi ca cy lp Ngc lan (Song t dip)R mm: Lun lun pha l nonThn mm: Ni di pha trn r mm l thn mm.Chi mm:L mm (t dip):2. CC PHN CA HTPhn chnh ca ht l phi. 2.1. Phi (cy mm)2.1.1. Phi ca cy lp Ngc lan (Song t dip)

- L mm (t dip): ho & rng sau khi cy ny mmHt c ni nh : l mm l hai phin mng Ht khng c ni nh: l mm dy v mp v n cha cht d tr. Hai l mm c th nguyn, i khi xp np hoc c thy.2. CC PHN CA HT2.1.2. Phi cy lp Hnh (n t dip)

Gm r mm, thn mm, chi mm v mt l mm

2. CC PHN CA HT2.1.2. Phi cy lp Hnh (n t dip) cy h La:Chi mm c bao bc bi bao chi mm (dip tiu)R mm c bao bc bi bao r mm (cn tiu) Biu phi: i khi biu phi c coi nh mt vt tch ca l mm th hai

2. CC PHN CA HT2.2. Ni nh (phi nh) Giao t c + nhn ph 2n ni nh 3n (V sau nhn 3n 2n)Ni nh cng boNi nh t boNi nh kiu trung gian2. CC PHN CA HT2.2. Ni nh (phi nh) Ni nh cng bo: Nhn phn ct mnh, t bo khng ngn vch khi cng bo cha nhiu nhn (h La, h Bu b, h Xoi).Ni nh t bo: phn ct nhn c s ngn vch t bo nhiu tb ni nh VD: i, u2. CC PHN CA HT2.2. Ni nh (phi nh) Ni nh kiu trung gian: Da, ci da: ni nh t bo; nc da: ni nh cng bo, cha nhiu nhn v nhiu khng bo to.ni nh nhn: Ht Mng cu, Cauni nh sng (ni nh cng): Ht C ph, ht M tinCht d tr trong ni nh: tinh bt: ht La, Bpcht du m: ht Thu ducc ht alron: ht cy h Hoa tn, h Thu duNI NH2. CC PHN CA HT2.3. Ngoi nh:ni nh pht trin: phi tm b tiu ha bin mt. s tiu ho ny khng hon ton: phi tm ngoi nh (Gng, Tiu, Sen, Sng, Rau mui, Cm chng... ) ngoi nh l m d tr ca ht.2. CC PHN CA HT2.4. V ht:v non v htlp v trong b tiu gim v bin mt, lp v ngoi v ht: ht u.c 2 lp v non v ht ht s c 2 lp v: ht Thu du, ht Cam c 2 lp v non u b tiu bin: h La (nh ht Bp, ht La)3. HNH DNG CA HT TRNG THNH3.1. Hnh dng bn ngoi:Trn v ht, c mt vt so gi l rn (t)L non cng cn li vt tch trn v ht di dng mt l nh hi kh nhn ra, l ni r mm ra ngoi.V tr tng i ca t v l non trn ht cc kiu ca non hnh thnh htt v l non i din

t v l non gn nhau

Ht cn c th mang nhng phn ph nh: Lng: ht Bng vi T y (o ht): ht Nhn, Chm chm Mng (Ming ca l non c th ph): ht Thu du o ht gi (mng pht trin nhiu): ht Nhc u khu Mo: l mt ch li ca sng non trng nh cnh. Cnh: ht Thng, Canh-ki-na. CC PHN PH CA HT3. HNH DNG CA HT TRNG THNH3.2. Hnh dng bn trong3.2.1. Ht khng ni nh:Ht ch gm c cy mm, khng c ni nh (ht u, ht B, ht Ci).3.2.2. Ht c ni nh: Ni nh vn tn ti khi ht chn ht chn: cy mm + ni nh (ht Thu du, ht La, ht Cau) 3. HNH DNG CA HT TRNG THNH3.2. Hnh dng bn trong 3.2.4. Ht ch c ngoi nh: ni nh b phi tiu th. M d tr ht ny l ngoi nh (ht cy h Chui, h Gng, h Dong)3.2.3. Ht c ni nh v ngoi nh:ht ca cc cy trong h H tiu, h Cm chng 4. S PHT TN V NY MM CA HT4.1. S pht tn ca ht4.1.1. S pht tn trc tip bng cyqu cy Tri n ca h r.4.1.2. S pht tn nh gi Ht rt nh :ht ca cc cy h Lan). Ht c lng: Ht Bng Ht c cnh: Ht Canh-ki-na4.1.3. S pht tn nh nc4.1.4. S pht tn nh ng vtiu kin ca s ny mmiu kin bn trong: Ht phi chn: Phi hay ni nh pht trin hon ton; cc cht d tr c tch ly y Ht phi c tri qua mt thi gian sng chm. Ht cn gi c kh nng ny mm.

iu kin ca s ny mmiu kin ngoi cnh:nc y : Nc lm cho v ht mm ra, ht phng ln v lm nt v, lm cho ht chuyn sang trng thi hot ng. C O2: V khi ny mm, ht h hp mnh. Nhit : Nhit kch thch s ny mm ca ht. Do , ngi ta c th dng nc nng x l ht trc khi gieo.CNG DNG CA HT I VI NGNH DCht M tin: strychninht cy Sng d: strophantinht Thng thin: thevetin cha cc bnh v tim, ht Cau: tr giun sn...

TRC NGHIMNgoi nh c to thnh t:

A. Phi tmB. Ti phiC. TD. Hp imTRC NGHIMV non s tiu bin i, do ni nh s gn lin vo v qu. L c im ht ca cy A. H LaB. H Thu duC. H CamD. H Hoa miTRC NGHIM L mm l hai phin mng gp ht

A. C ni nhB. Khng c ni nhC. Ty ht to hay nhD. Khng c ngoi nhTRC NGHIMc im no sau y l ca cy lp Ngc Lan

A. Phi cy c 1 l mmB. Phi cy c nhiu l mmC. Phi cy c 2 l mmD. Phi khng c r mmTRC NGHIM h bu b c ni nh kiu

A. Ni nh cng boB. Ni nh t boC. Ni nh trung gianD. Ni nh gian boTRC NGHIMHt cy no sau y c 2 lp v

A. LaB. BpC. Thu duD. uTRC NGHIMiu kin khng cn thit ht ny mmA. Ht phi chnB. Tri qua thi gian sng chmC. C nc y D. C nh sng y TRC NGHIMHt u, ht b, ht ci l ht

A. Ht khng ni nhB. Ht c ni nhC. Ht ch c ngoi nhD. Ht c ni nh v ngoi nhTRC NGHIMR mm lun lun v tr:

A. RnB. Hp dimC. L nonD. Cung non39The end!