Chuyen de Ngu Phap Theo Don Vi Bai Hoc E11

Chuyên đề Ngữ pháp tiếng Anh lớp 11 theo các đơn vị bài học- Lê Thanh Bình 2013

UNIT 1: FRIENDSHIPINFINITIVE WITH AND WITHOUT TOA. LÝ THUYẾTI- DANH ĐỘNG TỪ: (Gerund)Một số từ/động từ sau đây cần có V-ing theo sau:enjoy (thích, thưởng thức), finish (hoàn thành), postpone (trì hoãn), avoid (tránh), keep (vẫn còn), practise (thực hành), miss (bỏ lỡ), be/get used to (quen với), spend (tiêu xài, trải qua), allow/permit (cho phép), advise (khuyên), recommend (đề nghị, khuyên bảo), give up (từ bỏ, đầu hàng), suggest (đề nghị), deny (từ chối), consider (xem xét), quit (rời bỏ), dislike (không thích), like (thích), can’t help (không thể không), …* it’s no use/good (không lợi ích gì), would you mind (bạn có phiền)* worth (đáng, đáng được), busy (bận rộn)II- ĐỘNG TỪ NGUYÊN MẪU CÓ “TO”:Một số động từ sau đây cần có to V theo sau:want (muốn), expect (mong chờ, kỳ vọng), refuse (từ chối), hope (hyvọng), decide (quyết định), agree (đồng ý), plan (dự định), would like (muốn), like (muốn), fail (thất bại, hỏng), learn (học), afford (có đủ khả năng/điều kiện), manage (xoay sở), choose (chọn lựa), demand (đòi hỏi, yêu cầu), prepare (chuẩn bị), pretend (giả bộ), promise (hứa), seek (tìm kiếm), threaten (đe doạ), train (đào tạo, huấn luyện), wish (ao ước), …III- TO INFINITIVE OR GERUND?1) Một số động từ có V-ing hoặc TO V theo sau không làm thay đổi nghĩa:begin/start (bắt đầu), continue (tiếp tục), hate (ghét), can’t bear (không chịu được), intend (dự định), love (yêu thương), prefer (thích…hơn), hesitate (do dự), …2) Một số động từ có V-ing hoặc TO V theo sau làm thay đổi nghĩa:- stop + to V: dừng lại để làmEx: I stop to eat lunch. (Tôi dừng lại để ăn trưa.)- stop + V-ing: dừng(từ bỏ) hành động đang làmEx: You should stop smoking. (Bạn nên bỏ hút thuốc.)- try + to V: cố gắngEx: He tries to get ten marks. (Anh ta cố gắng đạt mười điểm.)- try + V-ing: thửEx: She tried writing with her left hand. (Cô ta thử viết bằng tay trái.)- need + to V: cần (nghĩa chủ động)Ex: They need to work harder. (Họ cần làm việc chăm chỉ hơn.)- need + V-ing: cần được (nghĩa bị động)Ex: This room needs cleaning. (Căn phòng này cần lau chùi.)- remember/forget + to V: nhớ/quên làm điều gì (chưa xảy ra)Ex: Remember to post the letter when you get to the post office.(Nhớ gởi lá thư khi bạn đến bưu điện.)- remember/forget + V-ing: nhớ/quên đã làm điều gì (đã xảy ra)Ex: I will never forget seeing you here last year.(Tôi sẽ không bao giờ quên gặp bạn tại đây vào năm rồi.)- regret + to V: tiếc phải làm điều gì (hành động sắp xảy ra)Ex: I regret to tell you that you failed the exam.(Tôi lấy làm tiếc báo cho anh hay anh đã thi hỏng.)- regret + V-ing: tiếc đã làm điều gì (hành động đã xảy ra)Ex: She regretted going to New York for holiday.


(Cô ấy tiếc đã đi nghỉ ở New York.)IV. ĐỘNG TỪ NGUYÊN MẪU KHÔNG TO 1. Can/ could 2. May/might 3. be going to 4. Will/ would5. Shall/ should 6. must 7. ought to 8. have/ has to9. had better 10. let 11. make 12. used to13. let 14. Make 15. helpB. PHẦN BÀI TẬP TRẮC NGHIỆMGạch dưới phương án trả lời đúng1. The teacher permits us (go/to go/going/went) out in a minute.2. Tell him (to come/comes/coming/come) to see me at once.3. He advises us (be/are/to be/being) more studious.4. He allows (asking/to ask/ask/asked) him questions.5. We don’t allow people (smoke/smoking/smokes/to smoke) in this room.6. They didn’t permit (to camp/camping/camp/camps) in this wood.7. Nothing will make me (change/to change/changing/changes) my mind.8. Tom let me (to drive/drive/driving/drove) his car yesterday.9. The teacher recommends (preparing/prepare/to prepare/prepares) the lessons well before coming to class.10. Jack was allowed (renew/to renew/renewing/renewed) his student card.11. The doctor made the patient (stay/to stay/staying/stayed) in bed.12. He recommended me (do/to do/doing/did) it.13. His parents permitted him (to go/going/go/goes) out.14. They allowed me (take/taking/took/to take) the trip with them.15. She advised her husband (give/giving/to gave/to give) up smoking.16. He’s expecting (make/to make/made/making) a trip to Ha Long Bay.17. Students stopped (make/making/to make/to making) noise when the teacher came in.18. I enjoy (listening/to listen/listen/listened) to classical music.19. I really regret (to hurt/hurt/hurting/to hurting) your feeling when I asked you such a silly question.20. He’ll try (not make/not to make/to not make/not making) the same mistake again.21. Would you mind (buying/buy/to buy/bought) me a newspaper?22. Would you like (have/having/to have/has) a dance with me?23. Did you remember (phone/to phone/phoning/phoned) Ann? Oh, no. I completely forgot it.24. Those shirts need (to iron/ironing/iron/to ironing).25. They finished (learning/to learn/learn/learned) and then they wanted to go out for pleasure.26. When you see Tom, remember (give/giving/to give/gave)him my regards.27. I hope (not to do/ do not /not doing/not to did) that tiring work again.28. They postponed (building/build/to build/built) the school for lack of finance.29. Are his ideas worth (listen/listening/to listen/to listening) to?30. He always avoids (meeting/met/to meet/meet) in the street.31. Do you agree (lend/to lend/lending/lent) me some money?32. Tom refused (to give/giving/give/given) me his address.33. My watch keeps (stop/to stop/stopping/stopped).34. My grandfather gets used to (get/getting/to get/got) up early in the morning.35. Don’t forget (give/gave/giving/to give)her my message when you see her.36. You should try (wearing/wear/to wear/wears) any shirts you want to buy.37. I remember (meet/meeting/met/to meet) you somewhere last month.38. Do you often practise (speaking/to speak/speak/spoke) English?39. I must remind my students that this grammar point needs (revise/revising /to revise/ revised).40. Your hair needs (cutting/cut/to cut/to cutting) tomorrow.41. They don’t allow (to smoke/smoking/be smoked/smoked) in the auditorium.42. Would you like me (to turn/turn/turning/to be turned) down the radio?43. Would you mind (keep/to keep/keeping/being kept) quiet for a moment?44. They let us (be parked/park/to park/parking) motorbikes here but they don’t allow us park cars.


UNIT 2: PERSONAL EXPERIENCE: TENSE REVISION(PAST SIMPLE, PAST CONTINUOUS, PAST PERFECT, SIMPLE PRESENT, SIMPLE PAST)

I. MULTIPLE CHOICE1. They _______ for 3 hours when the storm suddenly broke.a had been running b. have been running c. are running d. will be running2. No matter what happens next I _______ help you.a. am b. have c. will d. would3. I _______ come to the conclusion that nowadays nobody cares about anything.a. will b. had c. do d. have4. I assumed you _______ paying for the repairs until the end of last year.a. have been b. was been c. are being d. had been5. _______ get tired of answering the same questions every day?a. Have you ever b. Had you ever c. Do you ever d. Are you ever6. She _______ working on that manuscript for 2 years now.a. will be b. has been c. had been d. is7. I _______ there once a long time ago and _______ back since.a. went / have not been b. go / am not c. have gone / was d. was going / had not been8. She _______ trying to pass her driving test but fails every time.a. kept b. is keeping c. had kept d. keeps9. I _______ complete silence now while I try this experiment.a. am wanting b. want c. did want d. have wanted10. The students _______ by Mrs. Monty. However, this week they _______ by Mr. Tanzer.a. are usually taught / are being taught b. usually teach / are teachingc. have usually been taught / have been teaching d. were usually teaching / are teaching11. In the last hundred years, traveling _______ much easier and more comfortable.a. becomes b. has become c. became d. will become12. In the 19th century, it _______ two or three months to cross North America by covered wagon.a. took b. had taken c. had taken d. was taking13. In the past the trip _______ very rough and often dangerous, but things _______ a great deal in the last hundred and fifty years.a. was / have changed b. is / change c. had been / will change d. has been / changed14. Now you _______ from New York to Los Angeles in a matter of hours.a. are flying b. would fly c. will fly d. can fly 15. When Carol _______ last night, I ______ my favorite show on television.a. was calling / watched b. called / have watched c. called / was watching d. had called / watched16. By this time next summer, you _______ your studies.a. completes b. will complete c. are completing d. will have completed17. Right now, Jim _______ the newspaper and Kathy _______ dinner.a. reads / has cooked b. is reading / is cooking c. has read / was cooking d. read / will be cooking18. Last night at this time, they _______ the same thing. She _______ and he the Newspaper.a. are doing / is cooking / is reading b. were doing / was cooking / was readingc. was doing / has cooked / is reading d. had done / was cooking /read19. When I _______ home last night, I _______ that Jane _______ a beautiful candlelight dinner.a. had arrived / discovered / prepared b. was arriving / had discovered / was preparingc. have arrived / was discovering / had prepared d. arrived / discovered / was preparing20. Alex is busy _______ for his exams.a. to study b. studied c. studying d. studies21. She is never willing _______ any personal question.a. answer b. to answer c. answering d. answered22. _______ a doctor, you have to meet some certain requirements of the medical college.a. To become b. Become c. Becoming d. Became23. Sam _______ to change a light bulb when he _______ and _______.a. was trying / slipped / fell b. tried / was slipping / falling


c. had been trying / slipped / was falling d. has tried / slips / falls24. Every day I _______ up at 6 o'clock, _______ breakfast at 7 o'clock and _______ for work at 8 o'clocka. get / eat / leave b. have got / eating / leaving c. got / ate / left d. will get / have eaten / left25. Yesterday, I _______ for work late because I _______ to set my alarm.a. had left / forgot b. was leaving / was forgettingc. left / had forgot d. had been leaving / would forget26. By the time we _______ to the train station, Susan _______ for us for more than two hours.a. will get / has been waiting b. got / was waiting c. got / had been waiting d. get / will wait27. I _______ for this company for more than thirty years, and I intend to stay here until I _______ next year. a. am working / will retire b. am going to work / am retiringc. work / am going to retire d. have been working / retire28. My mother always the first _______ up and the last _______ to bed.a. getting / going b. to get / going c. getting / to go d. to get / to go29. I _______ you last night after dinner, but you _______ there. Where _______ you?a. was calling / are not / are b. called / were not / were c. had called / had not been / were d. called / have not been / are30. The Titanic _______ the Atlantic when it _______ an iceberg.a. was crossing / struck b. had crossed / was strikingc. crossed / had struck d. is crossing / strikes31. _______ to come over for dinner tonight?a. Do you want b. Are you wanting c. Have you wanted d. Will you want32. What _______ at this time tomorrow?a. will you do b. will you be doing c. will you have done d. will you have been doingII. VERB CONJUGATIONExercise 1: Put the verbs in brackets in the present simple or the present continuous tense.1. I (have) __________ coffee for breakfast every day.2. My brother (work) __________ in a shoe store this summer.3. The student (look) ___________ up that new word now.4. She (go) __________ to school every day.5. We (do) __________ this exercise at the moment.6. Miss Helen (read) ___________ a newspaper now.7. It (rain) _____very much in the summer. It (rain)_____ now.8. Bad students never (work) __________ hard.9. He generally (sing) _______ in English, but today he (sing)_____ in Spanish.10. We seldom (eat) __________ before 6.30.11. She sometimes (buy) ___________ vegetables at his market.12. Be quiet. The baby (sleep) ____________.13. We always (do) ___________ our exercises carefully.14. Look. A man (run) ________after the train. He (want) _______to catch it.15. It (be) __________ very cold now.Exercise 2: Put the verbs in brackets in the present perfect or the simple past tense.1. We (never watch) __________ that TV programme.2. We (wacth) __________ a good programme on TV last night.3. He (read) __________ that novel many times before.4. He (read) __________ that novel again during my last vacation.5. I (have) __________ a little trouble with my car last week.6. However, I (have) __________ no trouble with my car since then.7. I (not see) ______John for a long time. I (see) ______ him 3 weeks ago.8. The school bell (ring) ________. We must go now.9. I (meet) _________Mary last night. She (become) __________ a very big girl.10. He is very thirsty. He (not drink) __________ since this morning.11. It is very hot. Summer (come) __________.12. They (study) __________ at this school for 7 years now.13. They (begin) __________ to study at this school 7 years ago.


14. Since when (you know) ___________ her ?15. How long ago (he start) __________ to learn French ?16. She (lose) __________ her handbag on the train yesterday morning.17. My mother (be) ________ in hospital for a long time and she cannot go home yet.18. His dog (just run) __________ out of the garden.19. Mr Brown (travel) __________ by air several times in the past.20. He (travel) ___________ to Mexico by air last summer.Exercise 3: Put the verbs in brackets in the present tenses.1. I (be) __________ sorry. I (forget) __________ that fellow’s name already.2. Jack (look) __________ forward to his vacation next June.3. I (have) __________ no trouble with my english lessons up to now.4. Mr and Mrs Brown (be) ___________ in New York for 2 months.5. Michael (work) __________ 38 hours a week.6. At present, that author (write) ___________ a novel.7. George (do) __________ good work in this class so far.8. The weather( generally, get) __________ hot in July .9. You must wake her up. She (sleep) __________soundly for 10 hours.10. Listen! I (think) __________ someone (knock) __________ at the front door.11. How long (you learn) __________ English?12. That student (know) __________ all the new words very well now.13. Alice (lose) __________ her Vietnamese-English dictionary.14. Fred (just, graduate) __________ from Oxford University.15. The earth (circle) __________ the sun once every 365 days.16. That grandfather clock (stand) __________ there for as long as I can remember.17. That brown briefcase (belong) __________ to Dr.Rice.18. Jim (work) __________ on his report this year.19. Robert (wait) __________ for you since noon.20. That museum (stand) ___________ here for centuries.21. The sun (get) __________ very hot during the afternoon.22. Tom (buy) ___________ a new car next week.23. The boys and girls (go) ___________ home after this lesson.24. Davis (play) __________ football every afternoon.25. Up to the present, we (write) __________ almost every lesson in this book.Exercise 4 : Put the verbs in brackets in the past simple or the past continuous tense.1. He (sit) __________ in a bar when I (see) __________ him.2. When I (go) __________ out, the sun (shine) __________.3. The light (go) __________ out while I (have) __________ tea.4. When it (rain) __________ , she(carry) __________ an umbrella.5. We (walk) __________ to the station when it (begin) __________ to rain.6. He (teach) __________ English for 2 months when he (live) in Germany and (work) ________ as a journalist.7. The house (burn) __________ fast, so we (break) __________ the window to get out.8. He (eat) __________ three sandwiches while you (talk) __________ to him.9. The servant (drop) __________ two cups while she (wash up) __________ last night; neither of them (break)

__________.10. While I (write) ________ a letter, the telephone (ring) ________; as he (go) ________ to answer it, he (hear)

________ a knock on the door; the telephone (still, ring) ________ while he (walk) ________ to the door, but just as he (open) _________ it, it (stop) __________.

UNIT 3: A PARTY


(INFINITIVE AND GERUND/ PASSIVE INFINITIVE AND GERUND)

I. Choose the best answer

1. A friend of mine phoned _______ me to a party. a. for invite b. inviting c. to invite d. for inviting

2. I couldn't find John at the party last night. If we _______ him, we’d have been very happy. a. would meet b. met c. had met d. have met

3. Let's have a party to celebrate our third successive win, ________? a. don't we b. do we c. will we d. shall we

4. My parents wouldn't _______ to the party. a. allow me go b. allow me to go c. allow me going d. allow to go

5. We are going to have my house _______ tomorrow morning. a. paint b. painting c. painted d. to be painted

6. We hope that the students themselves will enjoy ______ part in the projects. a. to take b. taking c. to be taken d. being taken

7. Jim wishes he _______ Jane to his birthday party last night. a. invited b. would invite c. have invited d. had invited

8. Sally's low test scores kept her from _______ to the university. a. admitting b. to admit c. to be admitted d. being admitted

9. Are you sure you told me about the party? I don't recall _______ about it. a. having told b. to have told c. having been told d. to have been told

10. I meant to get up early but I forgot _______ up my alarm clock. a. wind b. to wind c. wind d. wound

11. Look at the state of the gate. It needs ________ as soon as possible. a. to repair b. repairing c.being repaired d. be repaired12. The painting was beautiful. I stood there ________ it for a long time. a. for admiring b. being admired c. admire d. admiring13. I had no ________ a place to live. In fact it was surprising easy.

a. difficulty to find b. difficulty finding c. difficulty when I find d. difficulty while finding14. Alice didn't expect ________ to Bill's party.

a. asking b. being asked c. to ask d. to be asked15. We asked ________ the piano so early in the morning, but she won't.

a. Marie to stop playing b. Marie stop to play c. that Marie stops playing d. Marie to stop to play16. We had hardly sat down when she ________ plates of food for us.

a. brought b. has brought c. had brought d. would have brought17. ________ Betty, I'm not surprised she won the prize.

a. To have known b. To know c. To be known d. Knowing18. If only he ____ some help with the work instead of trying to do it alone!

a. will accept b. would accept c. may accept d. were accept19. ________ the consequences, I would never have contemplated getting involved.

a. If I realised b. Had I realised c. Unless I realised d. When I had realised20. A good teacher makes her students ________ the world from new perspectives.

a. to view b. view c. to be viewed d. viewing21. I don't mind _______ late, if it will help at all.

a. to work b. to be work c. working d. being working22. I remember _______ to the zoo when I was a child.

a. to take b. to be taken c. taking d. being talking23. We managed _______ over the wall without ________.

a. to climb/ seeing b. climbing/ being seen c. to climb/ being seen d. to be climbed/ seeing24. Isabel expected _______ to the university, but she wasn't.

a. to admit b. to be admitted c. admitting d. being admitted25. The city council agreed _______ the architect's proposed design for a new parking garage.

a. to accept b. to be accepted c. accepting d. being accepted26. The tin opener seems for _______ left-handed people.

a. to design b. to be designed c. designing d. being desigried


27. My parents appreciate _______ the thank-you note you sent them.a. to receive b. to be received c. receiving d. being received

28. When the police first questioned him, Wayne denied _______ in the robbery.a. to involve b. to be involved c. involving d. being involved

29. Many reliable methods of storing information tended _______ when computers arrived. a. to forget b. to be forgotten c. forgetting d. being forgotten

30. The police warned everybody ______ inside with their windows closed.a. to stay b. to be stayed c. staying d. being stayed

31. She resented _______ to make tea for everyone at the meeting.a. to ask b. to be asked c. asking d. being asked

32. Let's leave early. We can't risk _____ in heavy traffic during rush hour.a. to hold up b. to be held up c. holding up d. being held up

33. After their children had grown up, they decided _______ to a condominium in the city.a. to move b. to be moved c. moving d. being moved

34. The new students hope _____ in many of the school's social activities.a. to include b. to be included c. including d. being included

35. Does Dr Johnson mind _______ at home if his patients need his help?a. to call b. to be called c. calling d. being called

II. Which verb form is CORRECT?

1. a. Passing the kitchen, he stopped drinking/ to drink a large glass of water.b. They stopped talking/to talk when the teacher walked into the classroom.

2. a. Although she asked him to stop, he went on tapping/ to tap his pen on the table. b. Dr Harris welcomed the members of the committee and went on introducing/ to introduce the subject of the meeting.

3. a. I regret telling/ to tell you that the model you want is out of stock.b. It cost me a fortune, 'but I don't regret spending/ to spend a year travelling around the world.

4. a. Remember checking/ to check your answer before handing in your exam paper.b. I remember putting/ to put the money in the top drawer, but it's not there now.

5. a. Have you forgotten meeting/ to meet me years ago?b. Don't forget finding out/ to find out how many people are coming on Saturday.

6. a. I tried getting/ to get the table through the door, but it was too big.b. I tried taking/ to take some aspirin, but the pain didn't go away.

7. a. He needs working/ to work harder if he wants to make progress.b. It's difficult problem. It needs thinking/ to think about very carefully.

8. a. I think Nick meant breaking/ to break that glass. It didn't look like an accident. b. If we want to get there by 7.00, that means getting/ to get up before 5.00.

9. a. Can you help me getting/ to get the dinner ready?b. He looks so funny. Whenever I see him, I can't help smiling/ to smile

10. a. I'd advise taking/ to take more exercise. b. I'd advise you taking/ to take more exercise.

III. Put the verb into correct form infinitive, to-infinitive, or -ing.

1. You shouldn't let your children_______ (play) with matches. It's very easy_______ (catch) fire.2. I enjoy______ (be) busy. I don't like it when there is nothing_____ (do)3. Let's hurry! We must finish_______ (paint) the office before 3:00 today.4. As we don’t agree _______ (carry out) a proposal we generally avoid _______ (discuss) the subject.5. I don't mind_______ (remind) you _______ (lock) the door but you'd better _______ (try) _______ (remember)

on your own.6. Please stop_______ (interrupt) when I'm explaining something to you. You can_______ (ask) questions at the

end.7. He admitted_______ (enter) the house but refused (steal) the money.8. I don't really fancy_______ (spend) my whole holiday with your cousins. I'd rather _______ (spend) my time

with you.9. We had hoped_______ (finish) the project by the end of the month but we keep_______ (delay) by changes in

the plans.


10. You'd better_______ (go) and see the boss and say what you've done. If you put off _______ (explain) it to her, she'll only more annoyed.

11. No that's not what I meant______ (say). How can I make you _______ (understand)?12. Those shirts need_______ (iron),but you don’t need _______ (iron) them now.13. Are we permitted_______ (bring) guests to the ceremony? I'd like _______ (invite) my friend to join us.14. Children shouldn't be allowed_______ (catch) violent programs on TV. Parents should encourage their

children_______ (watch) educational programs.15. It's no use _______ (try) ______ (persuade) her _______ (change) her mind. Spend your time _______ (do)

something more worthwhile.

IV. Complete the second sentence so that it has similar meaning to the first.

1. We expect the gorvernment to propose changes to the taxation system.Changes to the taxation system________________________________

2. He couldn't play well in the last match because of his injured knee.His injured knee made_______________________________________

3. You can try to get Jim to lend you his car, but you won't succeed.There's no point____________________________________________

4. Supermarkets started to sell fresh pasta only in 1990s.Fresh pasta _______________________________________________

5. He wished he had invited her to his birthday party.He regretted_______________________________________________

6. Mastering a second language takes time and patience.It________________________________________________________

7. I prefer having dinner at home to going out for dinner.I'd rather _________________________________________________

8. After four years abroad, Mr. Brown returned home as an excellent engineer.After Mr. Brown_____________________________________________

9. It won't be difficult to get a ticket for the game.You won't have any_________________________________________

10. Driving on the left is strange and difficult for Americans.Americans aren't____________________________________________

UNIT 4: VOLUNTARY WORK(GERUND AND PRESENT PARTICIPLE/ PERFECT GERUND AND PERFECT PARTICIPLE)


I. Sentence Combination: Using Participles to join sentences1. I knew that he was poor. I offered to pay his fare.2. We barricaded the windows. We assembled in the hall.3. She became tired of my complaints about the programme. She turned it off.4. He found no one at home. He left the house in a bad temper.5. She hoped to find the will. She searched everywhere.6. The criminal removed all traces of his crime. He left the building.7. He realized that he had missed the last train. He began to walk.8. He was exhausted by his work. He threw himself on his bed.9. He had spent all his money. He decided to go home and ask his father for a job.10.He escaped from prison. He looked for a place where he could get food.11.She didn't want to hear the story again. She had heard it all before12.They found the money. They began quarrelling about how to divide it.13.She entered the room suddenly. She found them smoking.14.I turned on the light. I was astonished at what I saw.15.We visited the museum. We decided to have lunch in the park.16.He offered to show us the way home. He thought we were lost.17.He found his revolver. He loaded it. He sat down facing the door.18.She asked me to help her. She realized that she couldn't move it alone.19.He fed the dog. He sat down to his own dinner.20.He addressed the congregation. He said he was sorry to see how few of them had been able to come.II. Sentence Combination: Misrelated ParticiplesThe boy, climbing the tree to get birds' eggs, had a bad fall.

Climbing the tree to get birds' eggs, the boy had a bad fall. Climbing down the tree, one of the eggs broke.

1 When leaving a car in this car park the brakes must be left off.2 Wading across the river, the current swept me off my feet.3 When filling a tank with petrol naked lights should be extinguished.4 Running into the room, a rug caught her foot and she fell.5 Reading the letter a second time, the meaning becomes clearer.6 When carrying a gun it should never be pointed at anyone.7 When planting these flowers care must be taken not to damage the roots.8 Riding in his first race, his horse fell at the last jump.9 When paying by cheque, a bank card should be shown.10 Knowing me to be the fool of the family, the news that I had won a scholarship astonished him.11 Believing that his last hour had come, his hands began to tremble.12 Passing under a ladder, a pot of paint fell on my head.13 Reading in bed, my hands often get very cold.14 Leaving the cinema, it seemed to him that the film had been exceptionally bad.15 Barking furiously, I led the dog out of the room.16 Having paid my taxes, the amount left in the bank is hardly worth mentioning.17 Writing my name in the hotel register, a familiar voice attracted my attention.18 Tied to a post, the sea was tossing the boat up and down.19 Misunderstanding the question, the wrong answer was sent in.20 Shining in the sky, we saw the first star.21 When driving carelessly it is easy to have an accident.22 Pinned to the door by a knife, the man saw a notice.23 Written in large letters they read the words 'No Entry'.24 While cleaning his gun it went off unexpectedly. 25 Wondering where to go. an advertisement caught my eye.

III. Choose the correct answer.1. ______ for twelve hours, I felt marvelous.


a. Having slept b. have slept c. Having been slept d. have been slept2. By the time their baby arrives, the Johnson hope ______ painting and decorating the new nursery.

a. having finished b. to have finished c. having been finished d. to have been finished3. She's angry about ______ to the farewell party last night.

a. not having invited b. not to have invitedc. not having been invited d. not to have been invited

4. We decided not to travel, ______ the terrible weather forecast.a. having heard b. to have heard c. having been heard d. to have been heard

5. I'd love ______ to the party, but it was impossible.a. having gone b. to have gone b. having been gone d. to have been gone

6. I don't recall ______ him at the conference.a. having seen b. to have seen c. having been seen d. to have been seen

7. ______ in dark colors, the room needed some bright lights.a. Having painted b. To have painted c. Having been painted d. To have been painted

8. The stockbroker denied ______ of the secret business deal.a. having informed b. to have informed c. having been informed d. to have been informed

9. They now regret ______ their son by providing too many material possessions.a. having spoiled b. to have spoiled c. having been spoiled d. to have been spoiled

10. ______ to the party, we could hardly refuse to go. a. Having invited b. To have invited c. Having been invited d. To have been invited

11. Tom made a bad mistake at work, but his boss didn't fire him. He's lucky ______ a second chance.a. having given b. to have given c. having been given d. to have been given

12. Are you sure you told me? I don't recall ______ about it.a. having told b. to have told c. having been told d. to have been told

13. I'm sure it's not my fault that Peter found out what we were planning.I don't remember ______ anyone about it.a. to tell b. being told c. having told d. to be told

14. The charity is appealing for volunteers ______ elderly patients to and from hospital.a. to take b. taking c. taken d. who take

15. The building ______ the earthquake but then by a fire.a. was survived - destroyed b. survived - was destroyedc. survived - destroyed d. was survived - was destroyed

16. ______ by the boys' behaviour, she complained to the head teacher.a. She annoyed b. Annoyed c. She was annoyed d. Annoying

17. 'Wait a minute,' said Frank, ______ through the door.a. run b. runs c. running d. ran

18. ______ a hotel, we looked for somewhere to have dinner.a. Finding b. We found c. Found d. Having fauna

19. The children enjoyed ______ on fishing .trips.a. taking b. to be taken c. being taken d. having taken

20. Stacey seems like a bright student. She's always the first ______ her work.a. to finish b. finishing c. being finished d. to be finished

IV. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.1. The missing children were last seen ______ (play) near the river.2. ______ (complete) the book, he had a holiday.3. ______ (find) only in the Andes, the plant is used by local people to treat skin diseases. 4. The accident seems ______ (happen) at around 1.00 p.m yesterday.5. Do something! Don't just sit there ______ (twiddle) your thumbs.6. Last year I studied abroad. I appreciate ______ (have) the opportunity to live and study in a foreign country. .7. ______ (look) down from the hill, the town spread out before us towards the coast. 8. Marta doesn't like to have her picture ______ (take). She avoids ______ (photograph).9. I don't agree with ______ (smack) children if they do something wrong.10. The book ______ (publish) last week is his first novel.11. ______ (photocopy) all the papers, Sarah put them back in the file.12. I found a coin ______ (lie) on the sidewalk.13. Our mechanic said that he expects ______ (fix) the brake on the car before we pick it up.


14. Life must be unpleasant for people ______ (live) near busy airports.15. ______ (park) the car about a kilometre from the stadium, I walked the rest of the way.

V. Choose the correct alternatives. Sometimes both are possible

1. He insisted to pay/ on paying for the meal.2. The interviewer started off to ask/ by asking me why I wanted the job.3. What am I going to do? I forgot bringing/ to bring my calculus text, and I need it for the review today.4. I can clearly recall him saying/ his saving that he was meeting 'Sarah at eight o'clock.5. Mrs Gates appreciated serving/ being served breakfast in bed when she wasn't feeling well.6. You'd better save/ to save some money for a rainy day. You can't count on rescueing/ being rescued by your

parents every time you get into financial difficult.7. Waiting/ Having waited six months for the washing machine being delivered/ to be delivered, I decided to

cancel/ cancelling the order.8. By telephoning/ In telephoning every hour, she managed to speak/ speaking to the doctor.9. The ticket enables you visiting/ to visit both the museum and the art gallery.10. Watching/ Having watched television to the exclusion of all other activities is not a healthy habit for a growing

child.11. Now I remember you ask/ your asking me to bring sandwiches to the picnic. Your complains about my

forgetting/ having forgotten things seem justified. I'm sorry.12. No one could make Ted feel/ to feel afraid. He refused to intimidate/ to be intimidated by anyone. 13. The government plans to bring/ bringing in new laws forcing/ making parents to take more responsibility for the

education of their children.14. When I was in the supermarket I noticed a man to take/ take some food off the shelf and hide it inside his coat.15. I overheard her tell/ telling Jack that she was serious ill.

VI. Rewrite the sentences beginning with an appropriate participle (present, past or perfect).

1. When she saw the dog coming towards her, she quickly crossed the road.____________________________________________________________

2. If it is looked after carefully, the plant can live through the winter.____________________________________________________________

3. As I don't have a credit card, I found it difficult to book an airline ticket over the phone.____________________________________________________________

4. Keith spent a lot of time filling in job application forms because he was unemployed. ____________________________________________________________

5. Because I was walking quickly, I soon caught up with her.____________________________________________________________

6. The house was built of wood, so it was clearly a fire risk.____________________________________________________________

7. I was eager to catch the bus in good time because I had been told off the day before for arriving late.____________________________________________________________

8. She didn't know where the theater was, so she asked for directions at the hotel reception.____________________________________________________________

9. As she was a nurse, she knew what to do after the accident.____________________________________________________________

10. He had spent his childhood in Oslo so he knew the city well.____________________________________________________________

11. The fruit was expensive because it was imported.____________________________________________________________

12. We has spent nearly all our money so we couldn't afford to stay at a hotel.____________________________________________________________

13. As we didn't want to offend him, we said nothing about his paintings.____________________________________________________________

14. Although James is known mainly as a writer of novel, he has now written a successful biography.____________________________________________________________

15. Although it had been hunted close to extinction, the rhino is once again common in this area.____________________________________________________________

UNIT 5: ILLITERACY(REPORTED SPEECH: IMPERATIVES)


Đây là cách thức thuật lại một câu ra lệnh (từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp)Mỗi câu thuật lại có 2 phần: + Phần nội dung (nằm trong ngoặc kép): “...” bắt đầu bằng một động từ hoặc don’t + động từ: “Come in”, “Please come in”, “Don’t come in”+ Phần giới thiệu (nằm ngoài ngoặc kép) thường là người nói + động từ ra lệnh (thường là say(s), said, tell(s), told + (to) ai đó)

“Come in”, he said“Please come in”, he asked“Don’t come in”, he said to me

Một số lưu ý khi thuật lại:1. Đưa phần giới thiệu lên trước phần nội dung2. Phải có đủ 3 yếu tố người nói + động từ ra lệnh + người nghe3. Động từ ra lệnh thường là Tell(s) ai hoặc Told (ai) ( đặc biệt nếu động từ cho trước là say(s), said thì phải

đổi là tell(s), told)4. Thêm TO trước động từ trong câu thuật lại

Ví dụ: “Come in”, he said : He told (me/her) to come in.5. Đổi Don’t thành Not to

Ví dụ: “Don’t come in”, he said to me He told me not to come inTrường hợp các câu ở dạng câu kể (Statements) nhưng được thuật lại ở dạng ra lệnhLoại câu này có dạng câu khẳng định, phủ định hoặc câu hỏi

' If I were you, I would phone him immediately''Would you like to have a cup of tea?''You must not enter this area without permission'

Các câu ở dạng này vẫn được thuật lại theo cấu trúc người nói + động từ ra lệnh + người nghe + (not) to + V-inf

Khi thuật lại các câu ở dạng này, điều cần thiết là phải xác định đúng V-inf trong câu trực tiếp; động từ ra lệnh (TOLD) có thể được thay bằng một động từ khác (ADVISED, BEGGED, RECOMMENDED, SUGGESTED…) tuỳ theo nghĩa cụ thể ở từng câu

' If I were you, I would phone him immediately' He told me to phone him immediately (TOLD = ADVISED)

'Would you like to have a cup of tea?' He told me to have a cup of tea (TOLD= INVITED)

'You must not enter this area without permission' He told me not to enter that erea without permission (TOLD= ORDERED)

LƯU ÝCác trạng ngữ chỉ nơi chốn, thời gian vẫn phải được thay đổiNếu câu có 2 mệnh đề, thì mệnh đề còn lại (ở dạng câu kể) vẫn phải được lùi thì'Would you like to have lunch with me on Sunday?' he said to me A. He asked me to have a lunch with me on Sundays B. He invited me have a lunch with me on Sundays

C. He invited me to have a lunch with me on Sundays D. He invited me to have a lunch with him on Sundays

EXERCISES1. 'Would you like to have a cigarette?' said one of the guestsA. I invited one of the guests to like to have a cigaretteB. He invited one of the guests to like to have a cigaretteC. One of the guests invited me to have a cigaretteD. One of the guests invited me have a cigarette2. 'Would you mind not smoking between courses?', said their hostessA. I asked their hostess to mind not smoking between coursesB. Their hostess asked me to mind not smoking between coursesC. Their hostess asked them not to smoke between coursesD. Their hostess reminded them not to smoke between courses3. 'Take these letters to the post, will you?' , said the bossA. The boss asked me to take these letters to the postB. The boss requested me to take these letters to the postC. The boss requested me to take those letters to the postD. The boss suggested me to take those letters to the post4. 'If I were you I would try to get a room on the top floor', he saidA. He said he would try to get a room on the top floor if he were me


B. He suggested getting a room on the top floorC. He advised me to try to get a room of the top floorD. He suggested taking a room on the top floor5. 'I will wait for you if you like', she saidA. She offered to wait for me if I likedB. She offered me to wait for her if I likedC. She suggested waiting for me if I likedD. She suggested me waiting for her if I liked6. 'Remember to switch off when you have finished', he saidA. He said to remember to switch off when I had finishedB. He told me to remember to switch off when I had finishedC. He reminded me to switch off when I had finishedD. He reminded me to switch off when he had finished7. 'You had better apologize for being late,' said my motherA. My mother advised me to apologize for being lateB. My mother said to me I had better apologize for being lateC. My mother said she had better apologize for being lateD. I told my mother she had better apologize for being late8. 'Could you check the oil, please,' I asked the mechanic

A. I asked the mechanic if he could check the oil please B. The mechanic asked me if I could check the oilC. I asked the mechanic to check the oilD. I ordered the mechanic to check the oil

9. ''You must see this exhibition!', said all my friendsA. My friends ordered me to see that exhibitionB. My friends begged me to see that exhibitionC. My friends insisted me on seeing that exhibitionD. My friends strongly advised me to see that exhibition1. 'Would you like to have lunch with me on Sunday?' he said to me (INVITED)2. 'Would you like to have a cigarette?' said one of the guests (OFFERED)3. 'Would you mind not smoking between courses?', said their hostess (ASKED)4. 'Take these letters to the post, will you? And shut the door as you go out', said the boss (TOLD)5. 'Will you help me, please?', she said, 'I cannot reach the top shelf' (ASKED)6. 'This is a horrible room. Why don’t you ask for something better?', he said (ADVISED)7. 'If I were you I would try to get a room on the top floor', he said (ADVISED)8. 'I will wait for you if you like', she said (OFFERED)9. 'Remember to switch off when you have finished', he said (REMINDED)10. 'You might check these figure for me', he said (ASKED)11. 'You had better apologized for being late,' said my mother (ADVISED)12. 'Could you check the oil, please,' I asked the mechanic (ASKED)13. 'Why don't you go by train? It 's much less tiring than driving,' I said (ADVISED)14. Hotel notice: Will guests please not play radios loudly after midnight? (ASKED)15. 'Would you like to wait here?' said the receptionist (ASKED)16. 'You must see this exhibition!', said all my friends (STRONGLY ADVISED)17. 'I should plant the daffodils, if I were you', I said to them (ADVISED)18. 'If you would just sign the back of the cheque,' said the bank clerk (ASKED)19. ' I would be grateful if you would forward my letters while I am away,' he said (ASKED)20. Police announcement: Will anyone who saw this accident please get in touch with their nearest police station?

(ASKED)21. 'Don't leave your room at night,' he said. 'Our host's dogs might mistake you for a burglar (WARNED)22. 'Answer this letter for me, will you?' he said. 'And remember to keep a copy' (TOLD/ REMINDED)23. 'Would you mind moving your car?' he said. 'It is blocking my gate' (ASKED)24. 'If you will kindly sit down, the fortune-teller will be with you in a moment', the girl said (ASKED)25. 'I should plant the daffodils, if I were you', I said to them (ADVISED)26. you would just sign the back of the cheque,' said the bank clerk (ASKED)27. ' I would be grateful if you would forward my letters while I am away,' he said (ASKED)28. Police announcement: Will anyone who saw this accident please get in touch with their nearest police station?

(ASKED)29. 'Don't leave your room at night,' he said. 'Our host's dogs might mistake you for a burglar (WARNED)30. 'Answer this letter for me, will you?' he said. 'And remember to keep a copy' (TOLD/ REMINDED)


31. 'Would you mind moving your car?' he said. 'It is blocking my gate' (ASKED)32. 'If you will kindly sit down, the fortune-teller will be with you in a moment', the girl said (ASKED)

I. Sentence Combination: Using Participles to join sentences1. Illiterate people lack the basic reading and writing skills .... in everyday life.

A. to require B. requiring C. that require D. required2. Illiteracy rates .... in recent years.

A. fell B. have fallen C. was falling D. had fallen3. She was the first in her family .... a college education.

A. get B. getting C. to get D. gotten4. They asked .... our bags outside the exam room.

A. to leave B. us to leave C. we leave D. us leaving5. Before the meeting finished they arranged when .... next.

A. they met B. they to meet C. should they meet D. to meet6. Nobody yet knew what .... to cause the dam to burst.

A. happens B. to happen C. had happened D. did it happen7. The weather report says that .... ten inches of snow tomorrow.

A. may be there are B. there might be C. there may be D. we maybe have8. Please ask the restaurant clientele .... in the no smoking area.

A. not to smoke B. not smoking C. don't smoke D. not smoke9. 'You got home late last night.' 'The Morgan insisted .... for dinner.'

A. on our staying B. for us to stay C. that we were staying D. about us staying10..... in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.

A. Founding B. Founded C. Being founded D. It was founded11. Twenty-five people _______ killed in that traffic accident.

A. reported to be B. are reporting to be C. are reported being D. are reported to be 12. The woman said she _______ in this village for over fifty years.

A. has been living B. was living C. had been living D. lives 13. US scientists claim that they _______ a new vaccine against malaria.

A. developed B. have developed C. had developed D. was developing 14. The lecturer recommended ______ a number of books before the exam.

A. reading B. to read C. us reading D. to have read15. Jane appears _______ some weight. Has she been ill?

A. having lost B. having been lost C. to have lost D. to have been lost16. If you saw a lawyer, he'd advise you _______ legal action.

A. take B. taking C. to take D. for taking17. Hardly _______ to the bus-stop when the bus suddenly pulled away.

A. did they get B. they had got C. they got D. had they got18. By the time you return here next week, we _______ the project.

A. will have finished B. has finished C. will finish D. will be finishing19. We are going to get our house _______ next week.

A. painting B. to paint C. painted D. to be painted20. He advised me _______ anything about it for the time being.

A. didn't do B. not do C. don't do D. not to doII. Report each sentence using the verbs below and a to-infinitive clause. Use each verb once only. If necessary, add an appropriate object after the verb.

advise agree ask call on propose hope order urge volunteer warn remind invite threaten offer promise

1. 'If I were you, I'd read the exam questions very carefully. He ................................................................................................................

2. 'Be quiet!'He ................................................................................................................

3. 'The theater will be built next to' the town hall.'They ..............................................................................................................

4. 'Okay, I'll collect David from school.'He ................................................................................................................


5. 'Please stay for a few more days.'She ..............................................................................................................

6. TH fight the ban on smoking in public places.'He ................................................................................................................

7. 'I imagine I'll see Olivia at the party.'He ................................................................................................................

8. 'Can you lend me ten pounds?'He ................................................................................................................

9. 'The government should do more to help the homeless.'He ................................................................................................................

10. 'I'll take the children into town.'He ................................................................................................................

11. 'Don't swim out too far, boys.'He ..................................................................................................................

12. 'Don't forget to go to the supermarket after work.'She ..............................................................................................................

13. 'Would you like to come on a picnic with us, Jane?'He ................................................................................................................

14. 'If you can't find anyone else, I'll drive you to the airport.'He ................................................................................................................

15. 'I won't give you the money back if you keep on at me.'He ................................................................................................................

III. Underline the correct verb. If either is possible, underline them both.1. The committee agreed/ suggested to postpone the meeting until 11th August.2. Emma insisted/ said that we should bring the children along.3. The prime minister insisted/ wanted to discuss transport policy in the interview.4. She said/ offered that she would call me back.5. He expected/ advised to leave at 5.30 in the morning.6. He claimed/ proposed that the subject of holiday pay should be raised at the next meeting.7. The shop has guaranteed/ has promised that it will deliver the chairs by the end of the week.8. She offered/ suggested to wait for the children to get ready.9. Terry wanted/ suggested that I should stand in the student elections.10. She refused/ requested that her brother should be invited too.11. He longed/ promised to go back home and see his parents.12. She promised/ volunteered that she would collect the children from school today.IV. Complete the sentences with the appropriate phrases, using a clause beginning with a to-infinitive clause or an -ing form of a verb.

leave the motorway at junction 3 buy a guide bookread through our notes do more exercisereduce bus and train fares look after the childrenlisten to the BBC World Service go to the doctorgo for a long walk build it to the east of the city

1. To find my way around London; Les suggested ..........................2. To encourage people to use public transport the council proposed ....................3. I'd been feeling unwell for a few days and my mother advised ..........................4. I've putting on weight and my doctor has recommended ..........................5. To avoid the road works, police have advised ..........................6. She was going abroad for two weeks and I promised ..........................7. To help us prepare for the exam, the teacher advised us ..........................8. To improve her English pronunciation, the teacher recommended her ................9. London urgently needs a new airport, and the government proposes ................10. It was a lovely morning and Emma suggested ..........................V. Report these sentences. Choose the most appropriate reporting verb in

parentheses. Make it active or passive as appropriate.1. The teacher said to Jim, 'Would you give your book to Mary, please?' (ask/ Tell/ order) The teacher ..................................................................................2. The sign said, 'No parking in this area. Violators will be towed away.' (invite/ warn/ force)


Drivers..................................................................................3. The fire chief said, 'Everyone must leave the building immediately.' (order/ remind/ allow)

Everyone ..................................................................................4. Before Bobby went to bed, his father said, 'Don't forget to brush your teeth.' (invite/ allow/ remind)

Before Bobby went to bed, his father ......................................................5. The teacher said to the students, 'You will have exactly one hour to complete the exam.' (order/ expect/ warn) .

The students ..................................................................................6. My garage mechanic said, 'You should get a tune-up every 5,000 miles.' (ask/ order/ advise)

My garage mechanic ..............................................................................7. The factory manager said to the employees, 'Do not come late. If you do, you will lost your jobs.' (ask/ warn/

encourage) The employees ..................................................................................

8. The sign on the side door says, 'Do not enter,' so we have to use a different door. (ask/ permit/ force)Nobody ..................................................................................

9. The judge said to the defendant, 'You must not shout in the courtroom again.' (ask/ order/ encourage) The defendant ..................................................................................

10. My parents often said to me, 'Good for you! It's good to be independent!' (remind/ require/ encourage) My parents ..................................................................................

VII. Write the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first.1. Just when he arrived at the station, the train was starting to move.

Hardly ..............................................................................................2. Let's go for a walk. We've been working all day.

John suggested ......................................................................................3. The cake was so hard that I could not eat it.

It was ..............................................................................................4. 'You'd better not waste your time, Betty,' Tom said.

Tom ..............................................................................................5. I am sorry that I didn't invite her to my party last night.

I regret ..............................................................................................6. Mike's father is going to fix the ball for him next week.

Mike ..............................................................................................7. It is at Mr. Foster's request that I'm writing this letter to you.

Mr Foster ..............................................................................................8. The cost of living has gone up considerably in the last few years.

There has been ......................................................................................9. I expect that they will get there by lunch time.

I expect them ........................................................................................10. I'm sorry I couldn't come to your birthday party last Sunday, John.

Mary apologizes ........................................................................................

UNIT 6: WORLD POPULATIONCONDITIONALS and REPORTED CONDITIONALS


A. CONDITIONALS Thường bắt đầu bằng liên từ chỉ điều kiện như if, unless, provided that, once, as long as, on the condition

that (nếu, miễn là, với điều kiện là, trừ phi). Các liên từ này dùng để dẫn nhập các mệnh đề phụ chỉ điều kiệnVí dụ: If it is fine tomorrow, I will go for a picnic.

Nghĩa: Miễn là (if, provided that, on the condition that, as long as)Trừ phi (unless).

Có 3 loại câu điều kiện chính Câu điều kiện loại 1 (Conditional Type 1): dùng để chỉ một khả năng có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại:

If + S + V1, S + will/can + V-infVí dụ: If it is fine tomorrow, we will go for a picnic.Loại bài tập biến đổi: Câu cho sẵn sẽ có liên từ ORVí dụ: Be careful or you will make the same mistake again. If you are careful, you will not make the same mistake again.hoặc If you are not careful, you will make the same mistake again.

Câu điều kiện loại 2 (Conditional Type 2): dùng để chỉ một điều kiện không có thực hoặc một khả năng không có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại:

If + S + V2, S + would/could + V-infVí dụ: If I were you, I would go for a picnic

Nếu tôi là bạn, tôi sẽ đi dã ngoại (tất nhiên tôi không phải là bạn)Loại bài tập biến đổi: Câu cho sẵn sẽ có liên từ BECAUSE, SOVí dụ: She is too young, so she can have a job now. If she were old(er), she would/could have a job now.hoặc If you were not too young, she would/could have a job now

Câu điều kiện loại 3 (Conditional Type 3): dùng để chỉ một điều kiện không có thực hoặc một khả năng không có thể xảy ra ở quá khứ:

If + S + had V3, S + would/could have + V3

Ví dụ: If it had been fine yesterday, we would have gone for a picnicLoại bài tập biến đổi: Câu cho sẵn sẽ có liên từ BECAUSE, SOVí dụ: She was ill yesterday, so she didn’t go to school If you had been well yesterday, she would have gone to schoolhoặc If you had not been ill yesterday, she would have gone to school

Một số lưu ý :+ Khi viết lại một câu điều kiện (đặc biệt là loại 2, 3) ta phảiLùi thì: Câu đã cho ở Hiện tại câu Điều kiện viết lại ở Quá khứ.

Câu đã cho ở Quá khứ câu ĐK viết lại Quá khứ hoàn thành.Đổi thể Câu đã cho ở khẳng định câu điều kiện ở phủ định (thêm NOT) hoặc trái nghĩa (ill not ill

hoặc well).

PHẦN BÀI TẬPI. Choose the word or phrase that best completes each sentence:1) If that hat costs much, I (would have bought/will buy/bought/would buy) a small one.2) It (will be/would be/were/been) quicker if you use a computer.3) If we have some eggs, I (made/makes/will make/would make) you a cake.4) If I spoke English, my job (was/were/will be/would be) a lot easier.5) If I (make/makes/made/had made) that mistake again, my teacher will get angry with me.6) I will lend them some money if they (ask/will ask/asked/had asked) me.7) If I knew his address, I (go/will go/would go/went) round and see him.8) The kitchen will look better if we (have/had/had had/would have) red curtains.9) If I (had/had had/will have/have) enough money, I would buy a house.10) They (won’t let/not let/wouldn’t let/hadn’t let) you in if you come late.11) If you (not go/don’t go/hadn’t gone/didn’t go) away, I’ll send for a policeman.12) If I (were/am/be/was) in your place, I would accept Mr. Anderson’s invitation.13) If I (win/had won/won/winning) a big prize in a lottery, I’d give up my job.14) If I (is/am/was/were) you, I (will tell/told/would tell/would have told) the truth.


15) My dog will bark if it (hear/hears/heard/had heard) any strange sound.16) He’s waiting for his mother to come back from Chicago. If his mother (come/comes/will come/came) home, he (will has/will have/has/had) a lot of presents.17) What (would/will/did/had) we do if they do not come tomorrow?18) If I had enough time now, I (would write/write/will write/wrote) to my parents.19) It’s too bad Helen isn’t here. If she (is/was/were/are) here, she (will know/knows/would know/would have known) what to do.20) If I don’t eat breakfast tomorrow morning, I (will get/got/would get/had got) hungry during class.21) If she (come/comes/came/had come) late again, she’ll lose her job.22) I’ll let you know if I (find/finds/found/had found) out what’s happening.23) If we (live/lived/would live/had lived) in a town, life would be better.24) I’m sure he wouldn’t mind if we (arrive/arriving/arrived/had arrived) early.25) We (will phone/would phone/phoned/had phoned) you if we have time.26) If I won the lottery, I (gave/had given/will give/would give) you half the money.27) It (will/would/can/may) be a pity if she married Fred.28) If I’m free on Saturday, I (to go/could go/went/can go) to the mountains.29) She (will has/had/will have/have) a nervous breakdown if she goes on like this.30) I know I’ll feel better if I (will stop/stopped/stop/had stopped) smoking.31) If I (am/were/will be/had been) you, I would help him.II.Choose the best sentence which has the same meaning as the given one)1. You didn’t tell me earlier. That’s why I didn’t give it to you can be rewritten as_______ A. I wouldn’t have given it to you if you hadn’t told me earlier. B. I would haven’t given it to you if you had told me earlier. C. I would have given it to you if you had told me earlier. D. Had you told me earlier, I wouldn’t have given it to you .2. Peter eats so many chips so he is fat can be rewritten as____________ A. If Peter not ate so many chips, he wouldn’t be fat. B. If Peter ate so many chips, he would be fat. C. If Peter didn’t eat so many chips, he wouldn’t be fat. D. If Peter weren’t fat, he would have eaten so many chips.3. Do more homework or you won’t pass the exam can be rewritten as____________ A.If you do more homework , you will pass the exam. B. If you do more homework , you won’t pass the exam. C. If you pass the exam , you will do more homework . D. If you don’t more homework , you won’t pass the exam.4. Sarah doesn’t study hard. She hates school can be rewritten as____________ A. If Sarah hated school, she would study hard. B. If Sarah studied hard, she wouldn’t hate school. C. If Sarah liked school, she would study hard. D. If Sarah studied hard, she would like school.5. He didn’t hurry, so he missed the train can be rewritten as____________ A.If he had hurried, he wouldn’t have missed the train. B. If he had hurried, he would have caught the train. C. Had he hurried, he would have caught the train. D. All are correct.6. I can’t translate this. I don’t speak Korean can be rewritten as____________ A. If I didn’t speak Korean, I couldn’t translate this. B. If I spoke Korean, I could translate this. C. If I translated this, I could speak Korean . D. If I didn’t translate this, I couldn’t speak Korean.7. Prepare the lesson carefully or you will get bad marks can be rewritten as____________ A. If you don’t prepare the lesson carefully, you will get bad marks.


B. If you prepare the lesson carefully, you won’t get bad marks. C. If you prepare the lesson carefully, you will get good marks. D. All are correct.8. He looses his job because he is late every day can be rewritten as____________ A.If he had been late every day, he would have lost his job. B. If he hadn’t been late every day, he wouldn’t have lost his job. C. If he hadn’t been late every day, he would have lost his job. D. If he weren’t late every day, he wouldn’t loose his job.9. He is tired. He works twelve hours a day can be rewritten as____________ A. He wouldn’t be tired if he didn’t work twelve hours a day. B. He would be tired if he worked twelve hours a day. C. He wouldn’t work twelve hours a day if he were tired. D. He would work twelve hours a day if he weren’t tired. III.Error recognition:1. I shouldn’t drink that wine if I am you.2. I’m playing tennis tomorrow if it’s raining.3. I don’t have a degree. If I have it, I would get a good job.4. We would have enjoy the party better if it hadn’t been so long.5. If I knew that you were ill last week, I would have gone to see you.6. If you slept under a mosquito net, you would be bitten so often.7. If we go out , we won’t miss that programme on TV.8. You can smoke in my room unless you leave a window open to let the smoke out.9. If I had known his address I’d give it to you.10. If someone gave you a helicopter what you would do with it?IV. Viết lại các câu cho dưới đây theo gợi ý1. The music was playing loudly at the restaurant, so I didn’t hear everything Mr. Lee said during the dinner. If_______________________________________________________________________2. Debra doesn’t have car. She doesn’t go out in the evening. If_______________________________________________________________________3. My husband didn’t leave the car keys, so I couldn’t pick him up at the station. If_______________________________________________________________________4. He is overweight. He eats too much. If_______________________________________________________________________5. If Robert had not started smoking cigarettes, he would not have got a bad cough. Unless_______________________________________________________________________6. The test is too difficult for me to finish . If_______________________________________________________________________7. They don’t travel far a lot. They are afraid of flying. If_______________________________________________________________________8. Susan felt sick because she ate four cream cakes. If_______________________________________________________________________9. They don’t read a lot. They can’t find the time. If_______________________________________________________________________10. We would get lost if we didn’t have a map. Unless_______________________________________________________________________11. I was able to buy the car only because Hoa lent me the money. If_______________________________________________________________________12. Keep silent or you wake the baby up. If_______________________________________________________________________13. I wasn’t hungry, so I didn’t eat anything. If_______________________________________________________________________14. The room would not be cold if they didn’t leave the door open.


Unless_______________________________________________________________________15. I didn’t know that Lam had to get up early, so I didn’t wake him. If_______________________________________________________________________16. I did not get a taxi because I did not have any money on me. If_______________________________________________________________________17. Unless the thief had left his gloves at the scene, he wouldn’t have been arrested. If_______________________________________________________________________18. I didn’t know you were coming to Hanoi. That’s I went on holiday. If_______________________________________________________________________19. Unless you hurry up you will be late for the meeting. If_______________________________________________________________________20. She walked to the meeting. She was late. If_______________________________________________________________________21. The women didn’t say what she wanted. I put the phone down. If_______________________________________________________________________22. They didn’t arrive in time. They didn’t see the ceremony. If_______________________________________________________________________23. A bull was blocking the road, so we didn’t arrive on time. If_______________________________________________________________________24. If you don’t send the application form on time, you won’t be allowed to take the entrance exam. Unless_______________________________________________________________________25. They weren’t paying attention, so we didn’t see the sign marking their exit from the highway. If_______________________________________________________________________26. Carol would have answered the phone if she hadn’t been studying. Unless_______________________________________________________________________27. The sun was shining, so we went to the beach yesterday. If_______________________________________________________________________28. If you don’t have a reference letter, you won’t be able to submit your application form. Unless_______________________________________________________________________29. I wasn’t working at the restaurant last night. I didn’t wait on your table. If_______________________________________________________________________30. You won’t know what to do unless you listen carefully. If_______________________________________________________________________

UNIT 6: WORLD POPULATIONCONDITIONALS and REPORTED CONDITIONALS


B. REPORTED CONDITIONALSMột số lưu ý:- Khi thuật lại câu điều kiện, nên đưa mệnh đề chính lên trước (nếu mệnh đề chính bắt đầu bằng một động từ thì ta thuật lại theo dạng ra lệnh (not to + Vinf))- Vẫn đổi NGÔI, THÌ, và TRẠNG TỪ (câu điều kiện loại 2, loại 3: chỉ đổi NGÔI và TRẠNG TỪ)

1. ‘If you find a skeleton in the cellar don't mention it to anyone’, he said2. ‘If you pass your examination we will have a celebration’, he said3. ‘What will happen if I press this button? ’, he said 4. ‘I should have voted for her if I had had a vote then’, he said 5. ‘If you go to Paris where will you stay? ’, he said 6. ‘If someone offered to buy you one of those rings, which would you choose? ’, he said7. ‘The flight may be cancelled if the fog gets thick’, he said8. ‘If the milkman comes, tell him to leave two pints’, he said9. ‘Someone will sit on your glasses if you leave them there’, he said10. ‘You would play better bridge if you did not talk so much’, he said11. ‘What will I do if I hear the burglar alarm? ’, he said12. ‘If you had read the instructions carefully, you wouldn't have answered the wrong question’, he said13. ‘I could repair the roof myself if I had a long ladder’, he said14. ‘Unless they turn that radio off I will go mad’, he said15. ‘If you were made redundant what would you do? ’, he said16. ‘We'll have a long way to walk if we run out of petrol here’, he said17. ‘If you shake that bottle of port it will not be fit to drink’, he said18. ‘I'll probably get lost unless he comes with me’, he said19. ‘You would not have so many accidents if you drove more slowly’, he said 20. ‘If you had worn a false beard nobody would have recognized you’, he said 21. ‘If she leaves the fish there the car will get it’, he said22. ‘Unless they leave a lamp beside that hole in the road, somebody will fall into it’, he said 23. ‘You'll get pneumonia if you do not change your wet clothes’, he said24. ‘If I had known that you couldn't eat octopus I would not have bought it’, he said25. ‘If they hung that picture lower people would be able to see it’, he said26. ‘She would be able to walk faster if her shoes hadn't such high heels’, he said 27. ‘I would have brought you some beer if I had known that you were thirsty’, he said 28. ‘If you had touched that electric cable you would have been electrocuted’, he said 29. ‘If the story hadn't been true the newspaper would not have printed it’, he said 30. ‘I would not buy things on the installment system if I were you’, he said 31. ‘Dial 999 if you want Police, Ambulance, or Fire Brigade’, he said 32. ‘You will not be any use to me unless you learn to type’, he said33. ‘If anyone attacked me, my dog would jump at his throat’, he said 34. ‘If he were in, he would answer the phone’, he said35. ‘The ship would have run aground if the pilot had made one mistake’, he said36. ‘I shouldn't have taken your umbrella if I had known that it was the only one you had’, he said

UNIT 8: CELEBRATIONSPronouns ONES, SOMEONE, ANYONE, NO ONE, EVERYONE


A. Phân biệt các đại từ phiếm định Everyone, someone, anyone và No one

1. Phân biệt ‘everyone’ và ‘every one’:- ‘Everyone’ (hoặc ‘everybody’) được dùng để chỉ nhiều người và không bao giờ có “of” theo sau.Ví dụ:Everyone knows who stole it, but they’re all afraid to tell anyone. (Mọi người đều biết ai ăn trộm thứ đó, nhưng

không ai dám nói ra).- Còn ‘every one’ có nghĩa là mỗi người hay mỗi vật, và thường có ‘of’ theo sau.Ví dụ:Every one of my family’s members is also my darling. (Mỗi thành viên trong gia đình đều là người thân yêu của

tôi).2. Cách sử dụng của các từ ‘anyboby’, ‘everybody’ và ‘somebody’:‘Anyboby’, ‘everybody’ và ‘somebody’ luôn đi với động từ ở số ít và thường được theo sau bằng một đại từ

(pronoun) số nhiều. Nhưng một số trường hợp trong văn nói và văn viết có tính chất trang trọng thì đại từ đi sau có thể ở số ít.

Ví dụ:Has everyone finished their dinner (Mọi người đã ăn tối xong chưa)?Somebody lost his wallet (Có người nào đó đã mất ví) Somebody, someone, anybody, anyone etc3. Phân biệt Some- và any-Các cấu tạo từ với some- thường được sử dụng trong mệnh đề khẳng định. Các cấu tạo từ với any- thường được sử dụng trong các mệnh đề phủ định và nghi vấn.Ví dụ:Did anybody come? (KHÔNG DÙNG Did somebody come?)There is something under the bed. (KHÔNG DÙNG There is anything under the bed.)I don’t want to buy anything too expensive.Everybody, anybody, somebody etc thường được sử dụng với động từ số ít.Everybody needs to be loved. (KHÔNG DÙNG Everybody need to be loved.)Somebody has let the cat in. (KHÔNG DÙNG Somebody have let the cat in.)Somebody và some people

B. Bài tập

Exercise 1: Insert some or any, making the appropriate compounds if necessary.

1. There's _______ milk in that jug.2. She wanted _______ stamps but there weren't _______ in the machine.3. I'm afraid there isn't _______ coffee left; will you grind _______ ?4. Is there _______ one here who speaks Italian?5. I'd like to buy _______ new clothes but I haven't _______ money.6. There's _______ gin in the cupboard but there aren't _______ glasses.7. They can't have _______ more strawberries; I want _______ to make jam.8. _______ one I know told me _______ of the details.9. Have you _______ idea who could have borrowed your bicycle?10. I saw hardly _______ one I knew at the party, and I didn't get _______ thing to drink.11. When would you like to come? ~ _______ day would suit me.12. Are there _______ letters for me?13. Don't let _______ one in. I'm too busy to see _______ body.14. _______ thing tells me you've got _______ bad news for me.15. I can't see my glasses _______ where.16. We didn't think he'd succeed but he managed _______ how.17. You're looking very miserable; has _______ thing upset you?18. If you had _______ sense you wouldn't leave your car unlocked.19. Scarcely _______ one was wearing a dinner jacket.20. _______ one who believes what Jack says is a fool.21. She put her handbag down _______ where and now she can't find it.22. Will you have _______ pudding or _______ fruit?23. Haven't you got _______ friends in Rome? I feel sure you mentioned them once.24. Haven't you got _______ friends here? You should join a club and get to know people.


26 I see you haven't _______ maps. Would you like to borrow _______ of mine?27 _______ one can tell you how to get there. (Everyone knows the way.)28 Come and have supper with us if you aren't doing _______ thing tonight.29 I... how imagined the house would be much larger.30 All the salaries are being paid much later now; it's _______ thing to do with the computer.

Exercise 2: Complete the sentences, using someone, anyone, something, anything, somewhere, anywhere

1 I was too surprised to say__________2 There’s__________ at the door. Can you go and see who it is3 Does__________ mind if I open the window?4 I wasn’t feeling hungry, so I didn’t eat__________5 You must be hungry, so I didn’t eat__________6 Quick, let’s go! There’s__________ coming and I don’t want__________ to see us7 Sarah was upset about__________ and refused to talk to__________8 This machine is very easy to use. __________ can learn to use it very quickly9 There was hardly__________ on the beach. It was almost deserted10 ‘Do you live__________ near Joe?’ ‘No, he lives in another part of town’11 ‘Where shall we go on holiday?’ ‘Let’s go__________ warm and sunny’12 They stay at home all the time. They never seem to go__________13 I’m going out. If__________ phones while I’m out, can you tell them I’ll be back at 11.30?14 Why are you looking under the bed? Have you lost__________?15 The police have asked that__________ who saw the accident should contact them16 ‘Can I ask you__________?’ ‘Sure. What do you want to ask?’17 Sue is very secretive. She never tells__________ to __________

Exercise 3: Complete the sentences, using No, None, or Any

1 It was a public holiday, so there were__________ shops open2 I haven’t got__________ money. Can you lend me some?3 We had to walk home because there were__________ taxis4 We had to walk home because there weren’t__________ taxis5 ‘How many eggs have we got?’ ‘__________. Do you want me to get some?’6 We took a few photographs, but__________ of them were very good.7 What a stupid thing to do! __________ intelligent person would do such a thing8 I’ll try and answer__________ questions you asked me.9 I couldn’t answer__________ of the questions they asked me10 We cancelled the party because__________ of the people we invited were able to come11 I tried to phone Chris, but there was__________ answer

Exercise 4: Complete the sentences, using nobody, anybody, nothing, anything, nowhere, anywhere

1 I don’t want__________ to drink. I’m not thirsty2 The bus was completely empty. There was__________ on it3 ‘Where did you go for your holidays?’ ‘__________. I stayed at home’4 I went to the shops, but I didn’t buy__________5 ‘What did you buy?’ ‘__________. I couldn’t find__________ I wanted’6 The town is still the same as it was years ago. __________ has changed7 Have you seen my watch? I can’t find it__________8 There was complete silence in the room. __________ said__________9 She didn’t tell__________ about her plans10 The accident looked serious, but fortunately__________ was badly injured11 I looked out of the window, but I couldn’t see__________ out there.12 My job is easy. __________ could do it13 ‘What’s in that box?’ ‘__________. It’s empty’14 The situation is uncertain. __________ could happen15 I don’t know__________ about economics

UNIT 9: THE POST OFICERevision of RELATIVE CLAUSES


A. LÝ THUYẾTI. EMPHATIC FORM (hình thức nhấn mạnh)

It’s......that....: chính .... (mà).Chỉ dùng đại từ quan hệ that sau hình thức nhấn mạnh It is(was) .... mà thôi

Example: It was he that killed the lion It is the book that helps me a lot.

II. RELATIVE PRONOUNS AND ADJECTIVE CLAUSES (Đại từ quan hệ và mệnh đề tính ngữ) D efinition :

Mệnh đề quan hệ bắt đầu bằng một đại từ quan hệNó làm công việc của một tính từ nên gọi là mệnh đề phụ tính ngữ (adjective clause) Example: He has bought an English book which is very expensive.

(giải thích, làm rõ nghĩa cho từ, cụm từ)He has bought an English book: Mệnh đề chínhWhich is very expensive: Mệnh đề quan hệWhich: relative pronoun. An English book: antecedent(tiền vị ngữ).

Đại từ quan hệ có các hình thức:Antecedent Subject Object Possessive caseNgười Who/that Whom/that whoseVật Which/that Which/that Whose/of which

Lưu ý: THAT có thể dùng cho cả người và vật (xem cụ thể ở phần cách sử dụng THAT)Trạng từ quan hệ có các hình thức:WHERE : in which, in the place , at that placeWHEN : on the day, at that timeWHY : for the reasonExample: - I don’t know the reason why she is absent today.

- She couldn’t remember the place where she was born. - She couldn’t remember the day when she left Kontum

Cách dùng:1. WHO: Hình thức chủ ngữ khi tiền vị ngữ của nó là tiếng chỉ người.

This is the man who teaches me English . The woman who wrote this book a famous writer .

2. WHOM(hay WHO): hình thức tân ngữ khi tiền vị ngữ của nó chỉ người. She is the girl whom I met yesterday .

+ Nếu whom làm tân ngữ cho một giới từ, ta có thể đưa giới từ đó ra trước whom. Trong trường hợp này không được dùng that.

Example: I spoke to the man. The man is very happy. Nối hai câu trên bằng cách dùng đại từ quan hệ có giới hạn từ.

The man to whom I spoke is very happy.3. WHICH : Hình thức chung cho cả chủ ngữ lẫn tân ngữ.

Example: 1. Can you see the horse which won the race?(chủ ngữ). 2. The story which I have just read is very interesting.(Tân ngữ)

4. WHOSE (của )Whose thay thế cho người và làm tân ngữ cho danh từ liền sau nó để chỉ quyền sở hữu.Whose dùng thay thế cho các tính từ sở hữu ( my, your, his, her, our, their) và các danh từ chủ hữu trong

sở hữu cách:Example: 1.He met the girl. Her eyes were blue. He met the girl whose eyes were blue .

2. I fixed the table. Its legs were broken. I fixed the table whose legs were broken. or I fixed the table the legs of which were broken . 5. THAT Dùng trong trường hợp cụm từ thay thế:

1. là một tập hợp người lẫn vật


The girl and the cat that are running under the rain are bound to get soaked. 2. nằm ở trạng thái so sánh nhất (ngoại trừ trường hợp the first, the second, the last…) The most interesting story that I've ever read is "The Godfather". The last person who remains on the stage will be the winner. 3. all, any(thing), every(thing), few, little, many, much, no(thing), none, some(thing) Only few things that she said are true

Không dùng trong trường hợp cụm từ thay thế: 1. đã được xác định (non-restrictive) I never talk to Peter, who always falls out with little girls like me. 2. là một mệnh đề The cat broke my father's ancient vase, which drove him into true anger. 3. sẽ là tân ngữ cho một giới từ This is the best hotel in which I have ever stayed.

III. RESTRICTIVE AND NON - RESTRICTIVE CLAUSES( Mệnh đề quan hệ giới hạn và không giới hạn):- Mệnh đề tính ngữ giới hạn là một bộ phận gắn bó của câu. Nếu không có nó, câu sẽ không đầy đủ ý nghĩa.Example: That book which you lent me was very interesting.- Mệnh đề tính ngữ không giới hạn: là một bộ phận không gắn bó của câu. Bỏ đi câu vẫn đầy đủ nghĩa. Nó chỉ thêm mệnh đề chính một ít chi tiết mà thôi và mệnh đề này được tách khỏi mệnh đề chính bằng bằng 1 hay 2 dấu phẩy (,)Example: 1. David, who is my friend, is coming

2. Hemingway, who was an American write, was born in 1899 and died in 1961.Chú ý: Không dùng đại từ THAT trong mệnh đề này.B. PHẦN BÀI TẬP TỰ LUẬN:Combine these sentences using the suitable relative pronoun or adverb.1. This is a book. I bought it at the bookstore.2. The subject is very important. We are going to discuss it.3. He loves his parents’ house. He was born in that house.4. The woman didn’t love him. He wanted to marry her.5. I don’t like the stories. They have unhappy endings.6. The man was away on holiday. The manager wanted to see him.7. Did you see the woman? Her husband was taken to hospital.8. The boy is my friend’s brother. I often go to English speaking club with him.9. She saw a lot of people and horses. They went downtown.10. Last week I met the man. He helped me last year.11. This book is about animals. I bought it yesterday.12. This subject is very important. We are going to discuss it.13. He loves his parents’ house. He was born in that house.14. Mai’s sister didn’t love him. He wanted to marry her.15. I don’t like Ho Chi Minh city. It is very noisy.16. Tomorrow I’ll see Henry. He’s also a member of the board.17. Aunt Joan is a bit deaf. She didn’t hear the phone.18. Tom is a kind boy. I often go to English speaking club with him.19. The library in front of my house is very beautiful. It was opened last year.20. Last week I met Tam. He is my childhood friend.C. PHẦN BÀI TẬP TRẮC NGHIỆMChoose the best answer to complete the sentence.1.This is the bank _________was robbed yesterday. A. who. B. whom. C. whose. D. that.2.A boy_________ sister is in my class was in the bank at that time.A. who. B. whom. C. whose. D. that.3. The man _________robbed the bank had two pistols. A. who. B. whom. C. whose. D. which


4.He wore a mask _________made him look like Mickey Mouse. A. who. B. whom. C. whose. D. which5.He came with a friend _________waited outside in the car. A. who. B. whom. C. whose. D. which6.The woman _________gave him the money was young. A. who. B. whom. C. whose. D. which7.The bag _________contained the money was yellow. A. who. B. whom. C. whose. D. which8.The people _________were in the bank were very frightened. A. who. B. whom. C. whose. D. which9.A man _________mobile was ringing did not know what to do. A. who. B. whom. C. whose. D. which10. A woman _________daughter was crying tried to calm her. A. who. B. whom. C. whose. D. which11. The car _________the bank robbers escaped in was orange. A. who. B. whom. C. whose. D. which12. The robber _________mask was obviously too big didn't drive. A. who. B. whom. C. whose. D. which13. The man _________drove the car was nervous. A. who. B. whom. C. whose. D. which14. He didn't wait at the traffic lights _________were red. A. who. B. whom. C. whose. D. which15. A police officer _________car was parked at the next corner stopped and arrested them.A. who. B. whom. C. whose. D. which16 This is the station ____________Emily met James. A. where. B. when C. why D.which17. It was a new shirt________my mother gave me for my birthday last year.A. who. B. whom. C. whose. D. that.18. She enjoys watching movies ________make her laugh.A. they. B. what. C. which. D. who.19. He bought all the books________are needed for the English course.A. who B. that. C. what. D. those.20. Every thing ________they said was true.A. which. B. which. C. that. D. who.21 Yesterday she had to do a difficult test for________she did not prepare.A.it B. that C. which. D. what.23. There wasn’t much_______they coud do to help.A.that. B. which. C. what. D. still.24. The broken glasses are all________remain.A. still. B.which. C. which. D. that.25. Hanoi is the city in________I was born.A. which. B. where. C. what. D. when.26.London is the city in________I was born.A.where. B.which. C. when. D. what.27. Do you know a shop________I can buy a TV?A. which. B. where. C. when. D.what.28. My friend,________was my classmate in primary school ,is moving to Ho Chi Minh city next week.A. that. B.whom. C. who. D. which.29.He lives in a building________has 20 floors.A. that. B.which. C. what. D. where.30.I live in a building ________there are 20 floor.A. that. B. which. C.what. D. where.31. Do you have a pen________I can borrow?A. where. B. what. C.which. D. who.


32. They seem to give the children anything________they want.A. what. B. that. C.which. D.where.33. His new house, which________by the lake ,has a beautiful and modern design.A. situate. B. situates. C. is situated. D. has situated.34 Do you know the girl ________father is a teacher?A.who. B. whose. C.whom. D.which.35. It’s Peter________play football well.A. that. B. who. C.which. D.whom.36.He is repairing the table _________ legs were broken.A. which B. whose C. that D. whom37. The flowers _________ grow in the garden are beautiful. A. what. B. who C.which. D.where.38. The woman __________ is sitting at the desk is Mr. Winter's secretary. A. what. B. who C.which. D.where.39. Jane, __________ mother is a physician, is very good at biology. A. which B. whose C. that D. whom40. She didn’t see the snake __________ was lying on the ground. A. what. B. who C.which. D.where

UNIT 10-11: REDUCED RELATIVE CLAUSESThere are three ways reducing an adjective clause to phrase.


1/ The subject pronoun and “be” form are omitted.Example:

A/ The girl who is talking to my sisters our neighbor.-> The girl talking to my sister is our neighbor.B/ She is the person who is responsible for the interview.-> She is the person responsible for the interview.

2/ It is sometimes possible to omit the subject pronoun and change the verb to –ing form if there is no “be” form in the ejective clause (using present participle).Example:

This school has many students that got scholarships.-> This school has many students getting scholarships.

3/ Sometimes, relative clause is reduced to past participle phrase.Example: The food which is cooked in this sauce tastes very nice.

-> The food cooked in this sauce tastes very nice.Exercises:1/ Read the following sentences, underline the relative clause and reduce them into present past participle phrase:

1. The man who is talking to my father is Mr Johnson2. That’s the only road that leads to the lake.3. Those who met you at the airport yesterday were very assistance and secretary.4. The problem which was worrying them then was the environmental pollution.5. Mr Jackson, who teaches my son, in my neighbor.6. The candidates who are sitting for the exam are all from Vietnam.7. The policeman who arrested her has recognized her car.8. I know the man who painted this picture.9. The buses which take children to school everyday were modern made in country.

2/ Turn the relative clauses to past participle phrase:1. The chair which was broken by a boy in now mended.2. The festival which was held in Moscow in 1985 was a great success.3. The Chickens which are raised on our form are very fat.4. The students are copying the words which are written on the blackboard.5. The story which was told by the teacher is interesting.6. The car which was towed to the police compound belonged to a millionaire.7. Around the corner there are several houses which were built in the eighteenth century.8. They live on a street that is huddled with small old houses.

3/ Rewrite the following sentences, using relative clause instead of participle phrase:1. The street leading to the school is very wide.2. Customers complaining about the service should see the manager.3. This hotel, built 3 years ago, is the most beautiful in our city.4. My brother, meeting you yesterday, works for a big firm.5. The vegetable sold in this shop are grown without chemicals.

Exercise 4: Combine the following sentences , using relative clauses 1. Mrs. Loan is a biologist. Her father is a botanist.2. This is a book. I bought it at the bookstore.3. John is the man. We are going to recommend him for the job.4. Tom found the cat. Its leg was broken.5. Dalat is a famous city for sightseeing. Have you ever gone to it?6. They are talking about John. Do you know him?7. She doesn’t want to speak to the reason. She divorced her husband for this reason.8. Jack loves his parents’ house. He was born in that house.9. I was very happy to get your letter. Thank you very much for it.10. That woman didn’t love him. He wanted to marry her.


Exercise 5: Use reduced relative clauses in place of the relative clauses1. Be sure to follow the instructions that are given at the top of the page2. Students who arrive late will not be permitted to enter the classroom.3. John, who was taken by surprise, hardly knew what to say.4. The people who are waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet.5. We drove along the road that was still flooded after the heavy rain.6. The scientists who are researching the causes of cancer are making progress7. The wild ox which is kept at Nam Cat Tien National Park is of a special kind8. The helicopter which was flying toward the lake made a low droning sound.9. The winner of the marathon, who was breathing deeply and smiling at the crowd, raised her right hand and waved.10. Any student who does not want to go on the trip should inform the office.11. Do you know the woman who is coming toward us ?12. The people who was waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet. 13. I come from a city that is located in the southern part of the country.14. They live in a house that was built in 15. He was the first man who left the burning building. 16. The couple who live in the house next door are both college professors 17. The people who are waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet. 18. The students who did not come to the class yesterday explain their absence to the teacher. 19. Did you get the message which concerned the special meeting ?20. Lan is the second student who entered the classroom this morning. 21. The psychologists who study the nature of sleep have made important discoveries.

UNIT 11, 13: SOURCES OF ENERGY and HOBBIESREDUCED RELATIVE CLAUSES and CLEFT SENTENCES


A. Reduced relative clauses:1. The man ...............(.stand) there is a clown.2. The envelop ..........(lie) on the table has no stamp on it.3. Benzene, ......................(discover )by Faraday, became the starting point in the manufacture of many

dyes, perfumes and explosives.4. there are 5 people ................(sit) in the middle of te room. 5. The student don’t know how to do exercise..................... (give) by the teacher yesterday.6. The diagrams..................................( make) by young Faraday were sent to Sir Humphry Davy at the end of

the year 1812.7. The gentleman .................................(live) next door to me is a well-known orator.8. All the astronauts ................................(orbit) the earth in space capsules are weightless.9. All students........... (not hand) in their papers will fail in the exam. 10. I saw many houses......( destroye) by the storm.11. The street .............(lead) to the school is very wide.12. The system ........................(use) here is very successful.13. Mr.John,..........................( teach) my son, is my neighbour.14. Trains............................... (leave) from this station take an hour to get to London.15. The candidates........................( sitt) for the exam are all from Vietnam.16. We are driving on the road..................... .........(build) in 1980.17. Customers.............................( complain) about the service should see the manager.18. The city............................. (destroy) during the war has now been rebuilt.19. My brother, ...........................(meet) you yesterday, works for a big firm.20. The vegetable...................................( sell) in this shop are grown without chemicals.

B. Cleft sentences in the active :

1. Subject focus : We use cleft sentence to emphasize the subject of the action.

It is / was + S + clause (S + V + …)Ex1 : My brother bought a new car from our next- door neighbour last Saturday.

It was my brother who bought his new car from our next- door neighbour last Saturday.Ex2 : The man gave her the book. => It was the man who gave her the book.

2. Object focus : We use cleft sentences to emphasize the object of the action.

It is / was + O + clause ( S + V + …..)Ex1 : My brother bought a new car from our next- door neighbour last Saturday.

It was a new car that my brother bought from our next- door neighbour last Saturday.Ex2 : The boy hit the dog in the garden. => It was the dog that the boy hit in the garden.

3. Adverbial focus : We use cleft sentences to emphasize the adverb ( time / place / …… )

It is / was + adverbial phrase + clause ( S + V + …..)Ex1 : - My brother bought a new car from our next- door neighbour last Saturday.

It was last Saturday when my brother bought a new car from our next- door neighbour.Ex2 : - She bought him a present at the shop. => It was at the shop that she bought him a present.

B. Cleft sentences in the passive : Cleft sentences can also be used in the passive voice.

Ex1 : The boy hit the dog in the garden. => It was the dog that was hit in the garden.Ex2 : A. I heard that a dog bit you yesterday. B. No. It was the postman that was bitten by the dog.

EXERCISES

1. Complete the following sentences with suitable relative pronouns (WHO, WHEN, WHOM, WHICH, WHERE, WHY)

1. It was the book ........... I bought in the shop near my school.2. It was in the shop near my school ............... I bought the book.3. It was the shop near my school .............I bought the book.4. It was I ................ bought the book in the shop near my school5. It is Jenny ............... spends all her money on shoes.6. It is shoes ................... Jenny spends all her money on. 7. It was in London ................... he met his first wife. 8. It was only when he phoned ................I realised what had happened. .


9. It is learning English ............. I find most enjoyable nowadays. .10. It was because he was ill ............... we decided to return. 11. It was in September ...............he first found out about it. 12. It was with great reluctance ................t Maria accepted the invitation. 13. It was by foot .................. he went there.14. It was greedily and speedily ................ Homer Simpson drank his beer. 15. It is to address a far-reaching problem........... Oxfam is setting out to do. 16. It could be going home early or slacking off work ............. the boss reacted to.17. It was because she was so lonely all the time ............... drove her to move out.18. It was she................was awarded the prize19. The reason ...............I come is to discuss the future with you20. Was it you.................paid for the bill ?21. It was the attitude of the waiter ................made thing worse22. It was last sunday ..............my brother bought a new car

2. Rewrite the following sentences; using Cleft sentences

E.g. The boy visited his uncle last month. It was the boy who visited his uncle last month

1. My mother bought me a present on my birthday. 2. Huong and Sandra sang together at the party. 3. Nam’s father got angry with him. 4. The boys played football all day long. 5. The girl received a letter from her friend yesterday. 6. His presence at the meeting frightened the children. 7. The man is learning English.8. The woman gave him the book.. 9. She sent her friend the postcard. 10. Hoa borrowed the book from Long.11. The little boy greeted his grandfather in a strnge language. 12. The pedestrian asked the policeman a lot of questions. 13. The dog barked at the stranger. 14. She made some cakes for tea. 15. His father repaired the bicycle for him. 16. She presented him a book on his birthday. 17. He met his wife in Britain. 18. She bought that present from the shop. 19. The meeting started at 8.00 a.m.

3. Change the sentences into cleft sentences in the passive.

E.g: Fans gave Christina lots of flowers. It was Christina who was given lots of flowers

1. The pedestrian asked the policeman for direction to the post office. 2. People talked a lot about his house. 3. His father bought him a bicycle for his birthday. 4. He described his hometown in his novel.5. She frightened the children. 6. Her younger sister broke her glasses. 7. The prince kissed my younger sister at the party.8. My father gave me this story book as a birthday present. 9. Vietnamese people celebrate Tet as the greatest occasion in a year.

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Chuyen de Ngu Phap Theo Don Vi Bai Hoc E11