cmamodulob10-110917151924-phpapp02

8/4/2019 cmamodulob10-110917151924-phpapp02

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Cyvsa di Idycnçãa i Javençãa – Tora 6, kåzil OO – >̧ nka

Codndnkon i Eykda Ntynl



Iscaln Sicykdîvon di Fiknzikti

Rvajissav8 Han~yoe Endvygn % CIJ – Tora 6, kåzil OO % Codndnkon i Eykda Ntynl – >¸ Nka Rîgokn >>:

Doeiksãa Ralåt ocn i Hyvådocn

-Caerakikti di Javençãa Sacoacyltyvnl/

Eódyla F>28 Gyivvn i Rnx8

Dn 6¨ Gyivvn Eykdonl na >>di sitiefva




Rvajissav8 Han~yoe Endvygn % CIJ – Tora 6, kåzil OO % Codndnkon i Eykda Ntynl – >¸ Nka Rîgokn >>7

N mostóvon dn myenkodndi ï tnefïe n mostóvon das cakjlotas i dns gyivvns iktvi as Maeiks+ N

doeiksãa das cakjlotas ï dovitneikti rvaravcoaknl âs syns caksi~yèkcons+ Ns gyivvns sãa siervi

diznstndavns ~yiv rnvn as zikcidavis, ~yiv rnvn as zikcodas+ A rvokcornl i}ierla ï n 6¨ Gyivvn

Eykdonl+

N Sigykdn Gyivvn Eykdonl ->?3? %>?49/ jao a cakjlota ~yi enos zåtoens cnysay -92 eolmùis/ ie tadn

n mostóvon dn myenkodndi+ Jao rvazacndn rilas tvès rnåsis ie ~yi tokmne soda oerlnktndas vigoeis

nytavotîvoas -Nlienkmn, Otîlon i Hnrãa/+ Istis Istndas ~yivone nerlonv ns syns visritozns îvins di

okjlyèkcon i ykovne%si kyen calognçãa ~yi jocay cakmicodn caea Io}a+

Ns cnysns dn Sigykdn Gyivvn Eykdonl

Ye cakjlota distn engkotydi kãa caeiçn sie oeravtnktis cnysns ay eatozas+ Radieas doxiv ~yi

zîvoas jnctavis okjlyikconvne a okåcoa disti cakjlota ~yi si okocoay kn Iyvarn i, vnrodneikti, si

isrnlmay riln Îjvocn i Îson+

Ye das enos oeravtnktis eatozas jao a syvgoeikta, kn dïcndn di >?32, kn Iyvarn, di gazivkas tatnlotîvoas cae

javtis afhitozas eolotnvostns i i}rnksoakostns+ Kn Nlienkmn syvgoy a knxosea, lodivnda rav Motliv i ~yi rvitikdon

i}rnkdov a tivvotóvoa Nlieãa, disvisriotnkda a Tvntnda di Zivsnlmis, okclysozi vicak~yostnkda tivvotóvoas

rivdodas kn Rvoeiovn Gyivvn+ Kn Otîlon cviscon a Rnvtoda Jnscostn, lodivnda rav Fikota Eyssaloko, ~yi si tavkay aDyci dn Otîlon, cae radivis sie loeotis+

Tnkta n Otîlon ~ynkta n Nlienkmn rnssnzne rav yen gvnzi cvosi icakóeocn ka okåcoa dn dïcndn di >?32, cae

eolmùis di codndãas sie ierviga+ Yen dns salyçùis taendns rilas gazivkas jnscostns distis rnåsis jao n

okdystvonloxnçãa, rvokcornleikti kn cvonçãa di okdøstvons di nveneiktas i i~yorneiktas fïlocas -nzoùis di

gyivvn, knzoas, tnk~yis itc/+

N 6¨ Gvnkdi Gyivvn Eykdonl8

-cnysns i caksi~yèkcons0 rnåsis ie cakjlota0as rnåsis nlondas i a Rncta di Znvsózon/

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Rvajissav8 Han~yoe Endvygn % CIJ – Tora 6, kåzil OO % Codndnkon i Eykda Ntynl – >¸ Nka Rîgokn >>=

Kn Îson, a Hnrãa tnefïe rassyån javtis disihas di i}rnkdov as siys daeåkoas rnvn tivvotóvoas zoxokmas i olmns dn

vigoãa+ Istis tvès rnåsis, cae afhictozas i}rnksoakostns, ykovne%si i javenvne a Io}a+ Ye ncavda cae javtis

cnvnctivåstocns eolotnvis i cae rlnkas di cak~yostns ilnfavndas ie caeye ncavda+

Rnvn Motliv, ivn jykdneiktnl cvonv yen &kazn avdie& kn Iyvarn, fnsindn kn syrivoavodndi nlieã, kni}clysãa % iloeoknçãa jåsocn okclyådn % di eokavons ïtkocns caea as hydiys, kn syrvissãa dns lofivdndis

i das doviotas okdozodynos i kn rivsigyoçãa di odialagons lofivnos, saconlostns i caeykostns+

Ns knçùis dieacvîtocns -caea n Jvnkçn, n Gvã%Fvitnkmn i as Istndas Ykodas/ arysivne%si nas

disihas i}rnksoakostns da Io}a+ Istns knçùis, hyktneikti cae n Ykoãa Sazoïtocn, nrós n okznsãa distn

rav Motliv, cakstotyåvne n fnsi da gvyra das Nlondas+

Isti cakjlota ncnfay rav ikzalziv n enoav rnvti das rnåsis da eykda -rnvtocornvne knçùis das cokca

caktokiktis/+ Ie nlgyens knçùis -caea n Jvnkçn i n Hygaslîzon/, n Sigykdn Gyivvn Eykdonl rvazacay

cakjvaktas oktivkas iktvi rnvtodîvoas di ye i di aytva gvyra+ Ka joknl, as Nlondas caksigyovne

divvatnv a Io}a+

A okåcoa dn gyivvn

N > di sitiefva di >?3?, a i}ïvcota nlieãa lnkçay yen javti ajiksozn caktvn n Ralókon i caksigyoy

divvatnv ns syns tvarns ie raycas dons+ N Ykoãa Sazoïtocn tavkay ijitoza a siy rncta cae n

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Rvajissav8 Han~yoe Endvygn % CIJ – Tora 6, kåzil OO % Codndnkon i Eykda Ntynl – >¸ Nka Rîgokn >>?

Nlienkmn knxo i acyray n rnvti avoiktnl dn Ralókon+ N Gvã%Fvitnkmn i n Jvnkçn visrakdivne â

acyrnçãa diclnvnkda gyivvn â Nlienkmn, kãa iktvnkda ravïe oeidontneikti ie caefnti+ N Otîlon,

kistn jnsi, diclnvay%si &rnås kãa filogivnkti&+

N &gyivvn vilæernga&

N >2 di enoa di >?42, a i}ïvcota nlieãa lnkçay yen ajiksozn caktvn as Rnåsis Fno}as i n

Jvnkçn+ Gvnçns â caefoknçãa di ajiksozns di rnvn%~yidostns cae vîrodns enkafvns di

flokdndas -n cmnendn &gyivvn vilæernga&/, as Nlieãis caksigyovne divvatnv ns dijisns

jvnkcisns+ A Envicmnl Rïtnok nssyeoy n cmijon da gazivka ie Jvnkçn8 nssokay ye nveoståcoa

cae Motliv i caeiçay n calnfavnv cae as Nlieãis+

N okznsãa dn YVSS

Diraos di caktvalnv rvntocneikti tadn n Iyvarn, ie hykma di >?4>, a i}ïvcota nlieãa lnkçay%si

â cak~yostn da tivvotóvoa sazoïtoca+ Cae isti ntn~yi, Motliv rvitikdon jocnv cae a rlika daeåkoa

di Listi dn Iyvarn+ Jao n arivnçãa enos nefocoasn dn Wimvencmt+ Ka iktnkta, Istnloki

caksigyoy tvnznv as ntn~yis knxos+

N gyivvn ie Îjvocn

Ie sitiefva di >?42, ns tvarns otnlonkns distncndns kn Låfon ntncnvne a Igorta+

As ijitozas okglisis distncndas kn xakn vinloxnvne yen isritncylnv caktvnajiksozn+ Motliv ikzoaydyns dozosùis flokdndns ie ny}åloa das Otnlonkas+ As Nlieãis caksigyovne gvnkdis zotóvons ens,




Rvajissav8 Han~yoe Endvygn % CIJ – Tora 6, kåzil OO % Codndnkon i Eykda Ntynl – >¸ Nka Rîgokn >62

ie >?46, as Fvotækocas caktvn%ntncnvne ie Il%Nlneiok+ Ie >?43, ns tvarns åtnla%nlieãs zovne%siafvogndns n nfnkdaknv n xakn+

N gyivvn ka Rncåjoca

N rnvtov di >?42, a Hnrãa tiktay nyeiktnv n syn okjlyèkcon ka Sydaisti Nsoîtoca i ka Rncåjoca+ a

gazivka das Istndas Ykodas, okdogknda, oerôs snkçùis icakóeocns na Hnrãa+ Caea virvisîlon, n 7

di Dixiefva di >?4>, n nzonçãa hnrakisn ntncay Rinvl Mnvfayv, n enoav fnsi kavti%neivocnkn da

Rncåjoca+ Ie nrikns dyns mavns, as rolatas hnrakisis caksigyovne okytoloxnv tadas as knzoas

nkcavndas ka ravta+ N gyivvn ka Rncåjoca tokmn caeiçnda+

Kas rvoeiovas eisis di >?46, as Hnrakisis cak~yostnvne znstas tivvotóvoas dn Îson i da Rncåjoca+

Ie >?49, rivnkti n visostèkcon korókocn, a rvisodikti kavti%neivocnka avdikay a lnkçneikta dns

rvoeiovns faefns ntóeocns dn mostóvon, caktvn Movasmoen i Kngnsnò+ A Hnrãa vikdiy%si

oeidontneikti+

N vicak~yostn dn Iyvarn

N rnvtov di >?43, as i}ïvcotas nlondas javne vicyrivnkda tivvotóvoa rnssa n rnssa+ As Sazoïtocasafvognvne as Nlieãs n vitvacidiv i as Kavti%neivocnkas acyrnvne rnvti dn Otîlon+ Ie Hykma di




Rvajissav8 Han~yoe Endvygn % CIJ – Tora 6, kåzil OO % Codndnkon i Eykda Ntynl – >¸ Nka Rîgokn >6>

>?44, as Nlondas ijitynvne ye isritncylnv disiefnv~yi kns rvnons dn Kavenkdon+ A i}ïvcota

nlieãa kãa caksigyoy visrakdiv na ntn~yi caefoknda i tizi di vitvacidiv+

N divvatn da Io}a

Nrisnv dn izodikti syrivoavodndi eolotnv nlondn, ns

tvarns nlieãs visostovne dyvnkti eisis+ N 32 di nfvol

di >?49, Motliv syocoday%si+ N 7 di Enoa, a siy

sycissav, a nleovnkti Dakotx, nssokay n cnrotylnçãa

nlieã+ N >4 di ngasta, a oerivndav da Hnrãa

vikdiy%si okcakdocoaknleikti

N acyrnçãa dn Jvnkçn rila i}ïvcota nlieãa di >?42 n

>?44 tizi gvnzis caksi~yèkcons kn sacoidndi

jvnkcisn+ Kãa javne raycas as ~yi dicodovne

calnfavnv cae as okznsavis+ A Envicmnl Rïtnok, a

vigoei di Zocm i ns Eolåcons sãa a såefala dissn

tvnoçãa+

Ie caktvnrnvtodn, eyotas javne tnefïe as haziks

~yi si hyktnvne â Visostèkcon+

N >4 di Hykma di >?42, ns tvarns dn Wimvencmt

iktvnvne zotavoasns ie Rnvos+

A gazivka jvnkcès jo}ay%si ie Favdïys i a Envicmnl Rïtnok jao kaeinda rvisodikti da Caksilma,

rvarakda ye nveoståcoa ~yi iktvay ie zogav n 69 di hykma di >?42+ N Jvnkçn jocay nssoe dozododn iedyns rnvtis8 n Kavti, a tivvotóvoa acyrnda rilas Nlieãis i, n Syl, a vigoei di Zocm+

Laga ~yi Rïtnok nciotay ns cakdoçùis da OOO Viocm, a gikivnl Cmnvlis di Gnylli, okstnlnda ie Lakdvis,

lnkçay ye nrila ntvnzïs dn FFC, okciktoznkda as siys caerntvoatns n caktokynv n lytn+

Kisti eaeikta, syvgie as rvoeiovas iefvoùis dn Visostèkcon avgnkoxndn kn clnkdistokodndi i ï cvonda

rav Hink Eaylok a Caksiol Kntoaknl di ln Vïsostnkci°+





Eyotas visostiktis vijygonvne%si kas en~yos°, jocnkda cakmicodas saf n disogknçãa di

en~yosnvds°+

Cndn zix enos fie avgnkoxndas, jao katîzil a siy caktvofyta kn lofivtnçãa dn Jvnkçn, ntvnzïs da nraoa

okjaventoza âs Javçns Nlondns, disikcndinkda zîvons nçùis, kaeindneikti, snfatngiks, ntiktndas i

caksrovnçùis+

Ns Caksi~yèkcons dn Gyivvn

Caea ï di isrivnv n Gyivvn tizi ns syns caksi~yèkcons jocnkda yks enos rvihydocndas ~yi aytvas0

okcvozileikti as enos rvihydocndas cae n gyivvn javne ns cvonkçns i ns eylmivis sikda enl tvntndns i

kn enoavon das cnsas ncnfnzne rav ov rnvnv n cæenvns di gîs akdi eavvone sie snfiv rav~yè+++

Ns rvokcornos caksi~yèkcons dn Sigykdn Gyivvn Eykdonl javne8

N vidijokoçãa dn avdie eykdonl ie jnzav dns syrivratèkcons8 As Istndas Ykodas, ~yi cakjovene n

syn migieakon ka flaca cnrotnlostn+ N Ykoãa Sazoïtocn, ~yi ieivgoy caea ratèkcon di rvoeiovn

gvnkdixn, i}ivcikda yen caksodivîzil okjlyèkcon kn Iyvarn Avoiktnl+ Issns dyns syrivratèkcons

tavknvne%si as gvnkdis lådivis ralåtocas eykdonos, viykokda ie tavka di so dozivsas rnåsis+

Ye diclåkoa dn okjlyèkcon ralåtocn, icakóeocn i eisea cyltyvnl dn Iyvarn+ N Iyvarn eivgylmay

kyen cvosi rvajykdn+ Ns nktogns ratèkcons eykdonos, Okglntivvn i Jvnkçn, rivdivne syns rasoçùis

rnvn as hî jnlndas Istndas Ykodas i Ykoãa Sazoïtocn+ N rasoçãa di ciktva di cozoloxnçãa ~yi n

Iyvarn tokmn nktis dn gyivvn jao caerlitneikti rivdodn rnvn issis rnåsis+

A nznkça dns tïckocns eolotnvis di distvyoçãa+ Nas okstvyeiktas tvndocoaknos di gyivvn, javne

saendas kazas tnk~yis, jagyitis, vndnvis, nzoùis, syfenvokas, i joknleikti n faefn ntóeocn+

N jykdnçãa dn AKY, n Avgnkoxnçãa dns Knçùis Ykodns+ Issn avgnkoxnçãa jao cvondn ie >?49+ N

AKY ï ye avgnkosea eykdonl, ~yi okoconleikti viykon 6: knçùis, ~yi jovenvne n Cnvtn dns

Knçùis Ykodns+ Issn Cnvtn iktvay ie zogav ka don 64 di Aytyfva di >?49, i tie rav afhitozas

rvokcornos8 sivzov di eidondav kas cakjlotas iktvi rnåsis rnvn izotnv disjicmas enos gvnzis caea n

Sigykdn Gyivvn Eykdonl0 enktiv n rnx eykdonl0 disikzalziv n salodnvoidndi iktvi ns knçùis0

istoeylnv a rvagvissa eykdonl0 i rvaeaziv a visriota riln dogkodndi dn rissan myenkn+ N sidi dn





AKY ï ie Kazn Oav~yi, kas Istndas Ykodas, ens n îvin ie ~yi si sotyn ï caksodivndn tivvotóvoa

oktivkncoaknl, cae lios rvórvons, fnkdiovn rvórvon i sivzoças di sigyvnkçn i di caeykocnçãa

okdirikdiktis+

N Faefn Ntóeocn8 siys ijiotas i caksi~yèkcons

N dicosãa joknl rnvn n ytoloxnçãa dn faefn ntóeocn jao taendn rila rvisodikti Tvyenk+ Nrisnv dn

envï cviscikti di cvåtocns, ili nssyeoy n visraksnfolodndi tatnl rila nta+ N hystojocnçãa rnvn n

ytoloxnçãa dn faefn ntóeocn jao ~yi n gyivvn ncnfnvon eyota enos cida i rayrnvon eyotns zodns,

ens kãa jao ossa a ~yi ncakticiy+

A ~yi ncakticiy jao ~yi nrisnv di istnvie cae n syn envokmn i n syn javçn nïvin fnstnkti

rvihydocndns i ~ynsi caerlitneikti distvyådns, as hnrakisis caktokynzne kn gyivvn, i

caktokynzne visostokda+ Ytoloxnzne rolatas syocodns, dikaeokndas @neo`nxis, ~yi si ntovnzne

caktvn as nlzas neivocnkas cae as siys nzoùis cnvvigndas di i}rlasozas+ Issis nlzas givnleikti

ivne as knzoas+ Issis rolatas cnysnzne gvnkdis rivdns nas nlondas+

Ie Aytyfva di >?3?, rayca tiera diraos da okåcoa dn gyivvn, caeiçnvne as rlnkas di

disikzalzoeikta dn faefn ntóeocn+ Ka joe di Hylma di >?49 hî istnzn eaktnda a rnlca rnvn n

dicosãa joknl+ Tvyenk taeay n dicosãa joknl di lnkçnv n faefn ie 69 di Hylma+ Âs 6m49eok da don

: di Ngasta di >?49 a faefnvdiova F%6? -Ikaln Gn/ ~yi tvnksravtnzn n faefn liznktay zaa+ Sios

mavns i eion diraos, n faefn jao lnkçndn safvi Movasmoen, n aotnzn enoav codndi da Hnrãa, rnvn

i}rladov 92 sigykdas diraos, n yen nltyvn di civcn di :22 eitvas+ Jao kissi eaeikta ~yi as

Istndas Ykodas vizilnvne na eykda, ntvnzïs di ye clnvãa jnscoknkti, a okåcoa dn ivn ntóeocn+





Tvès dons diraos, aytva nzoãa discalay cae n sigykdn faefn, tikda caea nlza n codndi di @a`yvn+

Iktvitnkta, a nzoãa kãa caksigyoy zanv safvi a nlza i ntovay n faefn safvi a nlza nltivkntoza,

Kngnsnò+ Ka don sigyokti a Hnrãa ridoy n rnx+

Ns caksi~yèkcons dns faefns ntóeocns javne disnstvasns+ Cae ye oeiksyvîzil radiv di distvyoçãa,n faefn ntóeocn kãa só distvyoy caerlitneikti as siys nlzas caea rvazacay lisùis gikïtocns ~yi

javne tvnkseotodns rilas safvizoziktis nas siys jolmas i nas jolmas di siys jolmas+ Ntï mahi knscie

cvonkçns cae rvafliens gikïtocas cnysndas riln vndonçãa dns faefns di Movasmoen i Kngnsnò+

Ie Movasmoen javne eavtns enos di sissiktn eol rissans, i ie Kngnsnò a jyea syfoy n enos di

sios eol eitvas, javenkda a jneasa cagyeila, i a cnlav i a jaga ~yioenvne ns rissans i ns cnsns+

A rós%6¨ Gyivvn EykdonlNs gvnkdis ratèkcons ~yi ieivgie dn 6¨ Gyivvn Eykdonl zãa rvahitnv n syn okjlyèkcon n kåzil

Eykdonl+ Javene%si daos flacas di rnåsis -nktis nlondas/ ~yi caktvnstne kn odialagon i ka vigoei

ralåtoca8 as Istndas Ykodas dn Neïvocn -IYN/ cvonvne n KNTA i n YVSS cvoay a Rncta di Znvsózon+

Istis flacas rvaeazivne cakjlotas ralåtocas, icakóeocas, tickalógocas i di radivoa eolotnv, kyen

ïracn ~yi jocay cakmicodn caea Gyivvn Jvon+

N ~yidn da Eyva di Fivloe, ->?=?/ ~yi soefaloxnzn n dozosãa iktvi istis daos flacas, sogkojocay a

joe dn Gyivvn Jvon+ Tiveokay a flaca dn YVSS+ Syvgi yen kazn avdie eykdonl ie ~yi as IYN si

tavkne n enoav i enos radivasn ratèkcon eykdonl+

Nrisnv di tyda caktokyne n acavviv cakjlotas ie dozivsns rnvtis da eykda+ Gyivvn kas Fnlcãs, ka

Vynkdn, ka Njignkostãa, ka Ovn~yi, ie Cn}ieovn -îvin jvaktiovoçn iktvi n Åkdon i a Rn~yostãa/ ay kn

Rnlistokn+ Nlgyks caktokyne nokdn sie joe â zostn+

Kistn kazn avdie eykdonl, syvgie kazas ntavis, cae afhitozas i oktivissis dojiviktis da tvndocoaknlkn mostóvon, ~yi kãa sãa Istndas, caea ï a cnsa das Tivvavostns, ~yi tèe zokda n rvazacnv gvnzis

ntiktndas+

A Tivvavosea, kãa sikda ye jikóeika kaza, gnkmay kazn doeiksãa+ Ncaernkmnda n glafnloxnçãa

dn sacoidndi, a tivvavosea dio}ay di siv vigoaknl i di lytnv rav afhitozas rnvtocylnvis -i}8 ITN, ka

Rnås Fnsca/, rnvn si njovenv caea ye jikóeika glafnl, cae afhitozas cozoloxncoaknos, ~yivie njovenv

yen cyltyvn i distvyov aytvn+





A ntn~yi di >> di sitiefva di 622>, nas IYN, viozokdocnda riln avgnkoxnçãa tivvavostn tvnkskncoaknl

Nl%^nidn, ï rilns syns caksi~yèkcons i doeiksãa, ye i}ierla das kazas cakjlotas ~yi mahi ieivgie+

A sïcyla ]] jao cmioa di cakjlotas cae caksi~yèkcons diznstndavns rnvn n myenkodndi+ Caerviikdiv

n kntyvixn das kazas cakjlotas da sïcyla ]]O ï jykdneiktnl rnvn rvaeaziv yen cyltyvn di rnx

dyvndaovn+




Rvajissav8 Han~yoe Endvygn % CIJ – Tora 6, kåzil OO % Codndnkon i Eykda Ntynl – >¸ Nka Rîgokn >6:

Nrós n Sigykdn Gyivvn, a eykda cvostnloxay nlgyens tikdèkcons ~yi hî mnzone si enkojistnda ka

rivåada iktvi gyivvns8

% caea n gyivvn si cakciktvay fnsocneikti kn Iyvarn, ns rivdns entivonos i ns dojocyldndis

icakóeocns rnvn syn vicakstvyçãa liznvne as rnåsis iyvariys â dicndèkcon dijokotozn caea ratèkcons

eykdonos0

% a cakjlota listi aisti, rvadyta da syvgoeikta di dyns syrivratèkcons icakóeocns i fïlocns ~yi

dosrytnvone n migieakon ralåtocn i odialógocn safvi a rlnkitn -IYN, cnrotnlostn, i YVSS, saconlostn/,

tavknkda a ~yndva ralåtoca oktivkncoaknl i}tvieneikti tiksa ntï n dïcndn di >?=20

% a cviscoeikta dn icakaeon eykdonl fnsinda ie okcvåzios tvnksjavençùis tickalógocns, ~yi javne

okcavravndns oeidontneikti na ~yatodonka dns rissans0

% i, joknleikti, ns disogynos vilnçùis Kavti%Syl, osta ï, mayzi n dijokoçãa clnvn di yen avdie

oktivkncoaknl cae cviscikti dostnkconeikta iktvi as rnåsis vocas -da Rvoeiova Eykda, gvassa

eada lacnloxndas ka mieosjïvoa kavti – rnåsis disikzalzodas ay okdystvonloxndas/ i as rafvis -da

Tivciova Eykda, ie givnl ka mieosjïvoa syl – rnåsis ie disikzalzoeikta/+

Ka joe dn gyivvn n Iyvarn ikcaktvnzn%si caerlitneikti distvyådn8 eolmùis di eavtas, rnv~yis

okdystvonos i vigoùis ngvåcalns nvvnsndas, codndis disistvytyvndns, disierviga, dåzodns ikaveis,

icakaeon okstîzil i sïvoas rvafliens saconos+

Ie caktvnrnvtodn, enos yen zix as IYN snåvne fikijocondas cae n gyivvn i istnzne ie cakdoçùis di

joknkconv n vicyrivnçãa das rnåsis distvyådas rila cakjlota+ N YVSS, cae ye javti i}ïvcota i ye rnrilditiveoknkti rnvn n zotóvon safvi n Nlienkmn kn Iyvarn avoiktnl, syvgon caea javçn ralåtocn+ As ncav%

das ~yi istnfilicivne n kazn avdie eykdonl javne okjlyikcondas rav issn vinlodndi+

A rvoeiova ncavda jao a dn Cakjivèkcon di Onltn, ~yi viykoy kn codndi di Onltn -YVSS/, ie jiziviova

di >?49, Vaasizilt -IYN/, Istnloki -YVSS/ i Cmyvcmoll -Okglntivvn/, virvisiktnktis das tvès gvnkdis

rnåsis zotavoasas+ Kissi ncavda javne dijokodas as nznkças dns kazns jvaktiovns sazoïtocns -Istndas

Fîltocas i listi dn Ralókon/ i n syn okjlyèkcon kn Iyvarn avoiktnl -Ralókon, Vaeïkon, Cmicaslazî~yon,

Mykgvon, Hygaslîzon i Fylgîvon/+

N Gyivvn Jvon8 foralnvoxnçãa eykdonl





N sigykdn viykoãa das tvès rnåsis acavviy ie Sãa Jvnkcosca -IYN/, iktvi nfvol i hykma di >?49, i

kiln javne cvondas n AKY i as avgnkoseas di caarivnçãa oktivkncoaknl+ Cok~yiktn rnåsis rnvtocornvne

dn avgnkoxnçãa dn AKY, dicodokda ~yi8 dn Nssieflion Givnl nkynl rnvtocorne tadas as rnåsis%

eiefvas0 i}osti ye óvgãa syrivoav, a Caksilma di Sigyvnkçn, caerasta rav cokca eiefvas

rivenkiktis -IYN, YVSS, Cmokn, Okglntivvn i Jvnkçn/ cae doviota n zita, i dix eiefvas vatntozas

iliotas n cndn daos nkas+ Nlïe dossa, javne cvondas avgnkoseas di caarivnçãa eykdonl kn îvin jo%

knkciovn — JEO -Jykda Eakitîvoa Oktivkncoaknl/ i Fnkca Eykdonl — , da tvnfnlma -AOT –

Avgnkoxnçãa Oktivkncoaknl da Tvnfnlma/, nloeiktnçãa i ngvocyltyvn -JNA – Avgnkoxnçãa dns Knçùis

Ykodns rnvn n ngvocyltyvn i nloeiktnçãa/, idycnçãa, coèkcon i cyltyvn -Ykisca/, itc+

Kn zivdndi, n AKY sivzoy dyvnkti nkas di óvgãa ligotoendav dn ralåtocn i}tivkn das IYN, ~yi siervi

radone gnvnktov n systiktnçãa dns syns rasoçùis kn Nssieflion Givnl i ka Caksilma di Sigyvnkçn+

N rvó}oen cakjivèkcon eykdonl acavviy ie Ratsdne -Nlienkmn/, ie hylma di >?49, i dijokoy n

dozosãa dn Nlienkmn i dn cnrotnl -Fivloe/ ie ~yntva îvins n sivie acyrndns rav Jvnkçn, Okglntivvn,

IYN i YVSS+ A afhitoza rvokcornl ivn n acyrnçãa rnvn n &disknxojocnçãa& i n vicyrivnçãa dn

Nlienkmn+ Iktvitnkta, n rnvtov dissi ncavda si izodikcoay n kazn cavvilnçãa di javçns eykdonl8 kn

vigoãa n aisti dn Nlienkmn, as rnåsis cnrotnlostns acodiktnos, i ka listi, n YVSS+ Issn cakjivèkcon diy

okåcoa â Gyivvn Jvon i â dozosãa iktvi Nlienkmn Acodiktnl -VJN — cnrotnlostn/ i Avoiktnl -VDN —

saconlostn/, javenleikti istnfilicodn ie >?4?+ Caea Fivloe jocnzn ka listi dn Nlienkmn, n codndi

tnefïe jao dozododn ie dyns îvins, aisti -cnrotnlostn/ i listi -saconlostn/+

Issis ncavdas da rós%gyivvn istnfilicivne a kaza enrn giaralåtoca dn Iyvarn, dozodokda%n ie daosflacas, ~yi safvizozivone ntï a joknl dn dïcndn di >?=28 di ye lnda n i}rnksãa i a javtnlicoeikta dn




Rvajissav8 Han~yoe Endvygn % CIJ – Tora 6, kåzil OO % Codndnkon i Eykda Ntynl – >¸ Nka Rîgokn >6=

YVSS i, caksi~yiktieikti, da saconlosea, kn rnvti avoiktnl0 kn acodiktnl, ye flaca di rnåsis

cnrotnlostns+

N Daytvokn Tvyenk i a Rlnka Envsmnll

Nrós n Cakjivèkcon di Ratsdne, n foralnvoxnçãa caeiçay n taenv cavra, raos as nznkças i a

javtnlicoeikta dn YVSS kn Iyvarn radone cvonv yen sïvoi di dojocyldndis rnvn a cnrotnlosea i as

IYN+ N ralåtocn kavti%neivocnkn, iktãa, caeiçnzn n eydnv+

Ie doscyvsa ka Cakgvissa neivocnka ->?47/, a rvisodikti Tvyenk tvnçay ns lokmns givnos dn kazn

ralåtocn i}tivkn das IYN8 caktiv n YVSS i a caeykosea i nssyeov n lodivnkçn kn &dijisn&

oktvnksogikti da Acodikti, dn dieacvncon i da cnrotnlosea+

A disdafvneikta oeidonta dn Daytvokn Tvyenk jao n cakcvitoxnçãa da Rlnka Envsmnll ->?47/+ Gvnçns

â calnfavnçãa icakóeocn i joknkciovn das IYN, as rnåsis iyvariys javne vicakstvyådas,

vii~yolofvnvne syns icakaeons i zaltnvne n cvisciv+ Oktivkneikti mayzi tnefïe ye gvnkdi isjavça

das iyvariys rnvn vicakstvyov siys rnåsis i oerlnktnv n dieacvncon+

Issi oktiksa tvnfnlma di vicyrivnçãa cakhyktn dn Iyvarn ka rós%gyivvn ncnfay vidykdnkda kn cvonçãa

di nlgyks ncavdas i tvntndas oktivkas+ Ie >?97 jao nssoknda a enos oeravtnkti dilis, a Tvntnda di

Vaen ~yi cvoay n Caeykodndi Icakóeocn Iyvarion -CII/, ntynleikti Ykoãa Iyvarion javendn

rav 67 rnåsis iyvariys+

N Gyivvn Jvon

N okjlyèkcon sazoïtocn kn Iyvarn avoiktnl laga nrós n gyivvn jao zostn cae tieav rav W+ Cmyvcmoll, ~yi

cvoay ie >?4: a cïlifvi cakciota di &cavtokn di jivva& -dozosãa soefólocn iktvi n Iyvarn Acodiktnl i

n Iyvarn Avoiktnl/ rnvn odiktojocnv as rnåsis iyvariys saf a radiv dn YVSS+

Dijokon%si kn Iyvarn n javençãa di ye flaca cnrotnlostn acodiktnl, jnzavîzil nas IYN, i di yen

nlonkçn di rnåsis kn vigoãa avoiktnl, zokcylndn â YVSS+ Gvndntozneikti issi ~yndva ralåtoca ovon

virvadyxov%si rav tada a rlnkitn, dozodokda%a ie daos flacas giaralåtocas -acodiktnl zs avoiktnl/ i

odialógocas -cnrotnlosea zs caeykosea/+




Rvajissav8 Han~yoe Endvygn % CIJ – Tora 6, kåzil OO % Codndnkon i Eykda Ntynl – >¸ Nka Rîgokn >6?

A cloen di caarivnçãa oktivkncoaknl syvgoda ka oeidonta rós%gyivvn caeiçnzn n vyov+ Cndn zix enos,

as IYN i n YVSS rvirnvnzne%si rnvn osalnv a &okoeoga& i rnvn a cakjvakta+ Rav ossa, kissi ~yndva

tiksa di foralnvoxnçãa, as daos rnåsis okoconvne yen zivdndiovn cavvodn nveneiktostn,

disikzalzikda rvokcornleikti n tickalagon ntóeocn rnvn ysa eolotnv, ay sihn, ns nvens kyclinvis+

Nssoe, IYN i YVSS disikcndinzne yen kazn javen di cakjlota8 caea ns dyns syrivratèkcons

kyclinvis kãa radone cakjvaktnv%si eolotnveikti, saf rikn di si nytadistvyåvie, as daos rnåsis

okoconvne yen ''gyivvn jvon&, ye oeiksa haga ralåtoca di rnlnzvns ie ~yi ilis istnfilicone ns vigvns i

nlonkçns ay iktãa systiktnzne okdovitneikti gyivvns ie tadns ns rnvtis da rlnkitn+

Cae n vndocnloxnçãa dns rasoçùis, as IYN cvonvne ie >?4? n ATNK -Avgnkoxnçãa da Tvntnda da

Ntlæktoca Kavti/, ye rncta eolotnv iktvi as rnåsis dn Iyvarn cnrotnlostn acodiktnl i n Neïvocn da





Kavti+ N ATNK avgnkoxay, saf n lodivnkçn kavti%neivocnkn, ye i}ïvcota cakhykta i raktas

istvntïgocas distokndas â nçãa eolotnv+

Rav siy lnda n YVSS cvoay, rnvn si caktvnrav na Rlnka Envsmnll, a Caeicak ->?4?/, yen isrïcoi di

caksilma icakóeoca zaltnda rnvn n oktigvnçãa i a disikzalzoeikta da flaca saconlostn+ Ie >?99

javenloxay ye rncta eolotnv ~yi hî i}oston di jncta iktvi as rnåsis da Listi iyvariy8 a Rncta di

Znvsózon -avgnkoxnçãa soeolnv â ATNK!KNTA/+

Nlgyks jnctas di avdie i}tivkn i oktivkn calnfavnvne rnvn vndocnloxnv a cloen ralåtoca oktivkncoaknl+

Ka rlnka i}tivka zîvoas ncakticoeiktas calacnvne as IYN i n YVSS ie cneras arastas+ Issi tora

di cakjlota dns syrivratèkcons kye tivciova rnås ovone viritov%si okøeivns zixis ie dozivsas

caktokiktis+

Isti cikîvoa oktivkncoaknl tiksa tizi vijli}as kn avdie ralåtocn oktivkn das daos rnåsis+ Kn dïcndn di

>?92 mayzi kas IYN a javtnlicoeikta di rasoçùis enos caksivzndavns, disikcndinkda nçùis

caea a encnvtosea, yen zivdndiovn &cnçn âs fvy}ns& n syrastas &is~yivdostns& caenkdndn rila

Caeotï caktvn ns Ntozodndis Nktoneivocnkns, lodivnda rila sikndav Hasirm EncCnvtm+

N Cai}ostèkcon Rncåjocn

Okøeivas jnctas acavvodas kns dïcndns di >?92 i >?:2 liznvne ns syrivratèkcons n yen kazn vilnçãa,

~yi dizivon istnfiliciv n cakzozèkcon &rncåjocn& iktvi as daos rnåsis+

N eavti di Istnloki ie >?93 i n nsciksãa di Koòtn @vyscmiz, kaza sicvitîvoa%givnl da RCYS, javne

eyota oeravtnktis rav~yi rvadyxovne nlgyens eydnkçns kn YVSS+ @vyscmiz dikykcoay ka ]]¸

Cakgvissa da RCYS ->?9:/ as cvoeis i disenkdas di Istnloki, cvonkda ye cakstvnkgoeikta oktivkn%

coaknl iktvi as caeykostns i, caksi~yiktieikti, dossodèkcons kas RCs i kazns cavviktis saconlostns+

Nlïe dossa, ili okocoay yen ri~yikn nfivtyvn rnvn a doîlaga i kigaconçùis cae a Acodikti cnrotnlostn,

~yi nraktnzn rnvn n kicissodndi dn cakzozèkcon rncåjocn+ Kn~yiln aravtykodndi ili njoveay n kicisso%

dndi di yen ralåtocn di cai}ostèkcon rncåjocn+

N syn ralåtocn tnefïe si zaltay rnvn a cmnenda Tivciova Eykda, dislacnkda a io}a giaralåtoca rnvn

n Neïvocn Lntokn, Îjvocn i Îson+

Tadnzon, nrisnv dn siksåzil eydnkçn, n YVSS kãa nfvon eãa dn migieakon i, safvityda, da

caktvali da flaca caeykostn+ Ns syns vilnçùis cae a Listi iyvariy enktozivne%si -Rncta di

Znvsózon/ dyvns i oktivzikcoakostns8 ~ynos~yiv enkojistnçùis di nytakaeon ay jli}ofoloxnçãa das





vigoeis caeykostns kn vigoãa javne javtieikti virvoeodns, caea kn Mykgvon ->?9:/ i kn

Cmicaslazî~yon ->?:=/+

Kas IYN tnefïe acavvivne jnctas oeravtnktis ~yi eadojocnvne ns syns vilnçùis cae n YVSS+ Ie

>?93 jao iliota a gikivnl Iosikmawiv, ~yi okocoay yen tåeodn ralåtocn di viln}neikta dns vilnçùis

iktvi as daos rnåsis+ Ka iktnkta, tieikda a nznkça caeykostn kn Îson, as IYN rvacyvnvne nlgyens

nlonkçns folntivnos kn vigoãa rnvn caktè%la+ Sigykda issn ralåtocn, ~ynl~yiv disi~yolåfvoa di radiv

liznvon tada a caktokikti rnvn n okjlyèkcon sazoïtocn i cmokisn, i, rav ossa, ivn rvicosa enktiv issi

radiv n tada cysta+ Iktvitnkta, eyotns zixis n gyivvn okdovitn jao n nltivkntozn rnvn tiktnv visalziv as

cakjlotas kn vigoãa -caea ka Zoitknei i kn Cavion/+

N ilioçãa da lådiv da Rnvtoda Dieacvntn Hamk J+ @ikkid, ie kaziefva di >?:2, tnefïe nkykconznye rnssa oeravtnkti rnvn n dostiksãa ralåtocn iktvi as daos rnåsis, raos a kaza rvisodikti das IYN

tokmn odions i rasoçùis enos lofivnos+ Ens ns i}rictntozns di yen ralåtocn di dostiksãa laga

disnrnvicivne rav cnysn di tvès ncakticoeiktas ~yi calacnvne ie rivoga n cai}ostèkcon rncåjocn8

n okznsãa dn fnån das Ravcas ->?:>/ — Laga nrós n Vizalyçãa Cyfnkn, ~yi okstnyvay ye vigoei

caeykostn kn olmn, ngiktis dn CON -óvgãa di okjavençãa i isroakngie kavti%neivocnka/ i i}olndas

cyfnkas disiefnvcnvne ie Cyfn rnvn divvyfnv a gazivka di Jodil Cnstva, ens javne divvatndas+

a rvaflien das eåssios kyclinvis ->?:6/ — A gazivka @ikkid discafvoy n okstnlnçãa di eåssios

kyclinvis sazoïtocas ie Cyfn, neinçnkda n sigyvnkçn das IYN, a ~yi givay yen dns cvosis enos

gvnzis dn dïcndn, nfnlnkda ns vilnçùis iktvi ns dyns syrivratèkcons+

n cakstvyçãa da Eyva di Fivloe ->?:>/ — Caea hî snfieas, n codndi di Fivloe istnzn dozododn ie

dyns îvins8 n acodiktnl -cnrotnlostn/ i n avoiktnl -caeykostn/0 ie vnxãa da cakti}ta oktivkncoaknl i

rnvn oeridov ns jygns dn rnvti avoiktnl, jao cakstvyåda ye eyva cae >:: è di i}tiksãa, jnta ~yi

roavay nokdn enos a cloen iktvi as IYN i n YVSS+





Hamk @ikkid jao nssnssoknda ie Kaziefva di >?:30 Lkdak Hamksak tiveokay a siy enkdnta cae

yen ralåtocn di &iscnlndn eolotnv& ka Zoitknei+ Kns dyns ilioçùis sigyoktis ->?:= i >?76/ jao iliota

a viryflocnka Vocmnvd Ko}ak, ~yi enktizi n ralåtocn di cai}ostèkcon rncåjocn i okocoay n vitovndn dns

tvarns kavti%neivocnkns da Zoitknei+

Ka okåcoa dn dïcndn di >?72, Ko}ak i a siy cmnkciliv Mikv @ossokgiv nerlonvne n ralåtocn di

dostiksãa, oerlieiktnkda yen ralåtocn di nrva}oençãa cae n Cmokn, nrvaziotnkda a vaeroeikta

das cmokisis cae n YVSS -tnefïe cakmicodn caea dorlaencon tvonkgylnv — IYN, YVSS i Cmokn/+

Zîvoas ikcaktvas javne enktodas, ens saeikti ie >?7? as daos rnåsis vistnfilicivne ajoconleikti ns

vilnçùis dorlaeîtocns+ Kissi eioa tiera Ko}ak jao afvognda n vikykconv ->?74/ rav cnysn

da iscækdnla Wntivgnti -nssissavis i ngiktis rvó}oeas na rvisodikti si ikzalzivne ie tvnen di





isroakngie ie tavka da Rnvtoda Dieacvntn0 a irosódoa vizilay ye gvnkdi is~yien di cavvyrçãa kn

eî~yokn ndeokostvntozn das IYN/+

Nlïe das jntavis zokcylndas dovitneikti âs vilnçùis iktvi YVSS i IYN, aytvas rnåsis caeiçnzne n

disraktnv caea ratèkcons kyclinvis+ N tickalagon dn ikivgon kyclinv i, rvokcornleikti, dn faefn

ntóeocn hî ivn cakmicodn rav Okglntivvn -ditakay riln rvoeiovn zix yen nven kyclinv ie >?96/, Jvnkçn

->?:2/, Cmokn ->?:4/ i, enos tnvdi, riln åkdon ->?74/, cvonkda ye oeiksa nvsiknl di nvens kyclinvis

ka rlnkitn+

A rivåada dn cai}ostèkcon rncåjocn riveotoy n ilnfavnçãa di ncavdas folntivnos i n vitaendn dns

vilnçùis dorlaeîtocns iktvi as daos rnåsis0 ns cakjivèkcons di cøryln iktvi n YVSS i as IYN javne

rvadyta dissn kazn sotynçãa oktivkncoaknl+

Kissns cakjivèkcons, rav i}ierla, mayzi a vicakmicoeikta da gvnkdi nvsiknl eykdonl di nvens

kyclinvis i syn okjokotn cnrncodndi distvyodavn+ Rav ossa, okocoay%si yen tåeodn ralåtocn di caktvali dns

nvens kyclinvis eidonkti ncavdas folntivnos, caea kas rlnkas SNLT l ->?76/ i 6 ->?7?/, ay

eyltolntivnos, caea a Tvntnda di Eascaza ->?:3/ i a Tvntnda di Kãa Rvalojivnçãa di Nvens Kyclinvis

->?:=/+

Ns okocontozns di cnvîctiv givnl oeridovne ay dojocyltnvne, di ye lnda, n tvnksjivèkcon di tickalagon

kyclinv rnvn ~ynl~yiv rnås0 di aytvn rnvti, riveotovne ~yi a radiv fïloca i distvytoza caktokynssi

cakciktvnda kns eãas di raycas rnåsis+ As ncavdas folntivnos ncnfnvne givnkda enos tnvdi n ralåtocn

di disnveneikta disikzalzodn kn dïcndn di >?=2 i cakcvitoxndn rnvconleikti rila sicvitîvoa%givnl da

RCYS kn~yiln ïracn, Eo`mnol Gavfncmiz+

Kn rnssngie dn dïcndn di >?92 rnvn n di >?:2 ns dosrytns iktvi YVSS i IYN cmignvne na isrnça+

Ka joknl dn dïcndn di >?92 as daos rnåsis caeiçnvne n joknkconv di enkiovn encoçn n rvadyçãa di

tickalagon rnvn gvnkdis rvahitas isrnconos+ Syvgovne kissi rvacissa ciktvas di ris~yosns isrnconos,caea n KNSN -IYN — >?9=/, i rvahitas caea a sazoïtoca Lyko` i a kavti%neivocnka Nralla, ~yi

lnkçnvne sntïlotis i sakdns na isrnça+

N cavvodn isrnconl jao disikjvindn dyvnkti n dïcndn di >?=20 as risndas okzistoeiktas isrnconos

doeokyåvne fnstnkti ie vnxãa dn jnltn di visyltndas rvîtocas i isriconleikti rav cnysn das rvafliens

icakóeocas oktivkncoaknos i oktivkas das daos rnåsis+





Eyva di Fivloe

Nrós >?49 i a joe dn Sigykdn Gyivvn Eykdonl, a cma~yi iktvi cnrotnlostns i saconlostns jocay enos

izodikti+ N codndi di Fivloe kn Nlienkmn jao a rvoeiova gvnkdi rnlca dissn jnsi+ N codndi jao

fla~yindn rilas sazoïtocas, i as kavti%neivocnkas eaktnvne yen rakti nïvin rnvn nfnsticiv n rnvti

cnrotnlostn+ Rastivoaveikti, as sazoïtocas cakstvyåvne ye eyva rnvn dozodov as lndas acodiktnl i

avoiktnl dn codndi+

A joknl dissn dosrytn caokcodoy cae n eavti di Istnloki -rvisodikti dn Ykoãa Sazoïtocn/ i cae n

doeokyoçãa da ntvota iktvi YVSS i IYN8 ivn n jnsi dn cai}ostèkcon rncåjocn+ Kistn jnsi, ravïe,

acavvivne nlgyks das okcodiktis enos sïvoas dn Gyivvn Jvon, caea n Cvosi das Eåssios ie Cyfn,

~ynkda as IYN ~ynsi iktvnvne ie gyivvn rnvn oeridov n okstnlnçãa di eåssios sazoïtocas ie tivvotóvoa

cyfnka+ N Gyivvn Jvon ntokgoy nokdn a Zoitknei kas nkas :2 i cmigay ntï â cavvodn isrnconl+

Kn dïcndn di >?=2, cae n glnskast i n rivistvao`n, a flaca sazoïtoca rivdiy n syn caisãa+ Ie vogav,

ivn a joe dn Gyivvn Jvon+ A såefala enoav dissi joe jao n diealoçãa da Eyva di Fivloe i n

viykojocnçãa dns dyns Nlienkmns+ Rivenkici n dozosãa dns Cavions, i Cyfn caktokyn envgoknloxndn ka

cikîvoa eykdonl riln rvissãa kavti%neivocnkn+

N ~yidn da eyva di Fivloe8 kazn avdie eykdonl

N rnlnzvn Rivistvao`n, ~yi lotivnleikti sogkojocn vicakstvyçãa, vicifiy n cakatnçãa diviistvytyvnçãa -nfivtyvn/ icakóeocn+ A rvisodikti Gavfncmiz rivcifiy ~yi n icakaeon dnYkoãa Sazoïtocn istnzn n jnlmnv i siktoy ~yi a sostien saconlostn, nrisnv di kãa rvicosnv di sivsyfstotyåda, civtneikti kicissotnzn di yen vijaven, i osta sivon liznda n cnfa rila rvacissadn Rivistvao`n

http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palavra

http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economia


http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palavra





Kazn avdie eykdonl

I}osti yen kazn vilnçãa di radiv iktvi as rnåsis nrós n cvosi da saconlosea+

N Kazn Avdie Eykdonl ï ye cakciota sacoaicakóeoca i ralåtoca ~yi jnx vijivèkcon na

cakti}ta mostóvoca da eykda rós % Gyivvn Jvon+

N i}rvissãa jao riln rvoeiovn zix ysndn rila rvisodikti kavti%neivocnka Vaknld Vingnk kn dïcndn di >?=2, vijivokda%si na rvacissa di ~yidn dn Ykoãa Sazoïtocn i na vinvvnkha giaralåtoca dns ratèkcons

eykdonos+

N Kazn Avdie Eykdonl jao a ~yi a rvisodikti Fysm cmneay di avdie eyltoralnv, akdi kazas ralas

icakóeocas istnzne syvgokda, iktvi ilis, Hnrãa, Cmokn, Vøsson i Ykoãa Iyvarion+ ^ynkda diy okåcoa n

kazn avdie eykdonl, n voznlodndi iktvi as sostiens icakóeocas arastas, n clnssojocnçãa das rnåsis ie

>¸, 6¸ i 3¸ eykda i n avdie foralnv, IYN i YVSS, dio}nvne di i}ostov+

A tivea Kazn Avdie Eykdonl tie soda nrlocnda di javen nfvnkgikti, dirikdikda da cakti}ta

mostóvoca, ens di ye eada givnl, radi siv dijokoda caea n disogknçãa ~yi rvitikdi caerviikdiv yen

N Glnskast, di >?==, jao yen eidodn ralåtocn oerlieiktndn hyktneikti cae n Rivistvao`n, kn

YVSS, dyvnkti a gazivka di Eo`mnol Gavfncmiz+ N Glnskast caktvofyoy ie gvnkdi rnvti rnvn n

oktiksojocnçãa di ye cloen di okstnfolodndi, cnysnda rav ngotnçùis kncoaknlostns, cakjlotas

ïtkocas i vigoaknos i rav yen ngvnzndn oksntosjnçãa icakóeocn, sikda ye das jntavis dn ~yidn

dn YVSS+

A Cakciota

Ik~ynkta ka Acodikti n kaçãa dn Glnskast istî nssacondn cae n lofivdndi di i}rvissãa, a

rvokcornl afhitoza distn ralåtocn jao tavknv a Gazivka Vyssa tvnksrnvikti i nfivta rnvn difntiv

zîvoas nssyktas dn sacoidndi vyssn+

N Glnskast diy kazns lofivdndis â rarylnçãa, caea yen enoav lofivdndi da doscyvsa, yen

eadojocnçãa vndocnl, zosta ~yi a caktvala das doscyvsa i syrvissãa dn cvåtocn na Gazivka tokmne

soda nktivoaveikti yen rnvti ciktvnl da sostien sazoïtoca+ Mayzi tnefïe ye enoav gvny dn

lofivdndi diktva das eioas di caeykocnçãa+

Ntï na joknl das nkas =2, a gazivka sazoïtoca istnzn difno}a di jaga dizoda âs cvåtocns di

virvissãa, divozndns dn odialagon Likokostn, ~yi Gavfncmiz tokmn tiktnda caksivznv caea

jykdneikta dn vijaven, i as eiefvas dn rarylnçãa sazoïtocn javne enos jvnkcas kn syn zosãa

di ~yi a gazivka sazoïtoca kãa on fie+ N rnlnzvn Glnskast ie vyssa sogkojocn “tvnksrnvèkcon―+


http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pol%C3%ADtica

http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hist%C3%B3ria

http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mundo

http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_Fria

http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/EUA

http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Reagan

http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9cada_de_1980

http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uni%C3%A3o_Sovi%C3%A9tica

http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_H._W._Bush

http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jap%C3%A3o

http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/China

http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BAssia

http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uni%C3%A3o_Europ%C3%A9ia


http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/URSS

http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/URSS


http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uni%C3%A3o_Europ%C3%A9ia

http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BAssia

http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/China

http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jap%C3%A3o

http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_H._W._Bush

http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uni%C3%A3o_Sovi%C3%A9tica

http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9cada_de_1980

http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Reagan


http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_Fria

http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mundo

http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hist%C3%B3ria

http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pol%C3%ADtica






vndocnl nltivnçãa, i a syvgoeikta di ye kaza i~yolåfvoa, kns vilnçùis di radiv iktvi as istndas kn cikn

oktivkncoaknl+

A caktvofyta di Eo`mnol Gavfntcmiz

Ns tiktntozns di vijaven rvntocndns rav Gavfntcmiz kn YVSS cakdyxovne na joknl dn Gyivvn Jvon i,

nokdn ~yi kãa tozissi issi afhitoza, tiveoknvne cae a radivoa da Rnvtoda Caeykostn dn Ykoãa

Sazoïtocn RCYS i liznvne â dossalyçãa dn YVSS+

Gavfntcmiz ierviikdiy yen ralåtocn di vijavens nydncoasns, ~yi nfvnkgiy soeyltnkineikti n

ralåtocn icakóeocn, a sostien ralåtoca i n ralåtocn oktivkncoaknl+

Ili nfvoy a cneokma â icakaeon di eivcnda i riveotoy n lofivdndi di i}rvissãa i n njovençãa dn

dieacvncon, rassofolotnkda n i}rnksãa da eadila acodiktnl di dieacvncon rnvlneiktnv+

A eazoeikta liznda n cnfa rav Gavfntcmiz cakdyxoy, ie >?=?, â divvacndn das vigoeis caeykostns

da Listi iyvariy+ N ~yidn da Eyva di Fivloe, ie >?=?, tvnksjaveay%si ka ncakticoeikta cae

enoav soefalosea, envcnkda a joe dn Gyivvn Jvon i dn foralnvoxnçãa dns vilnçùis

oktivkncoaknos+

Kazns voznlodndis

Mahi, n voznlodndi ï eyota enos icakóeocn i caeivconl da ~yi ralåtoca%odialógocn i ikzalzi tvès

ciktvas icakóeocas i tickalógocas, virvisiktndas rav Istndas Ykodas, Hnrãa i Ykoãa Iyvarion+ Ns

tiksùis ntynos ka eykda sãa dicavviktis, iktvi aytvns cnysns, da disierviga ie enssn rvazacnda

rilns okaznçùis tickalógocns, dns eogvnçùis oktivkncoaknos, dn }ikajafon i da ngvnzneikta dns

caktvndoçùis ïtkoca%kncoaknos, vilogoasns, cyltyvnos ay nefoiktnos+

A daeåkoa migieókoca das IYN virvisiktn n cmnendn Rn} Neivocnkn, ~yi si jnx ncaernkmnv di

oktivzikçùis eolotnvis ie îvins da glafa da siy oktivissi, tnos caea8 Ovn~yi -Gyivvn da Galja/,

Hygaslîzon -Gyivvn da @asaza/ i Njignkostãa -nrós as ntiktndas ka Riktîgaka i Wavld Tvndi Ciktiv/+

Nssacondn â migieakon eolotnv kavti%neivocnkn, disikzalzi%si n tikdèkcon rnvn yen glafnloxnçãa dn

icakaeon, cakmicodn caea Kazn Avdie Eykdonl+

A cviscoeikta da disierviga i ns rivsritozns di yen vicissãa â iscnln glafnl zèe rvazacnkda yen

akdn di enkojistnçùis nktoglafnloxnçãa+





A joe dn foralnvoxnçãa kãa sogkojocay n rncojocnçãa da eykda+ Vissyvgovne as kncoaknloseas, a

itkaciktvosea i as jnkntoseas vilogoasas+ N okstnfolodndi, as ódoas i ns gyivvns vicvydiscivne kn

øltoen dïcndn da sïcyla ]]+

A vissyvgoeikta das kncoaknloseas

A joe dn Gyivvn Jvon i dn foralnvoxnçãa, ie >?=?, i a caksi~yikti diseiefvneikta dn YVSS

nltivnvne n kntyvixn das cakjlotas oktivkncoaknos+

Istis acavvie ngavn cae enos jvi~yèkcon ka oktivoav das rvórvoas istndas, ie visyltnda di vytyvns ~yi

si disikzalzie eyotns zixis kye cakti}ta kncoaknlostn, di dijisn di yen cyltyvn, låkgyn, vilogoãa aytivvotóvoa+

As kncoaknloseas i}ncivfndas tèe cakdyxoda â }ikajafon, ay sihn, na disikzalzoeikta di

siktoeiktas di ódoa i di vihioçãa rilns rarylnçùis di avogie istvnkgiovn ay rav caeykodndis

lokgyåstocns, ïtkocns ay vilogoasns eokavotîvons+

Cakjlotas vigoaknos ka eykda ntynl

A kncoaknlosea ï ye siktoeikta di znlavoxnçãa envcnda riln nrva}oençãa i odiktojocnçãa cae

yen knçãa+ A tivea tnefïe si nrlocn âs nçùis calitozns di eazoeiktas saconos i ralåtocas

tikdiktis n rvarav viclnençùis kncoaknlostns+

Itkaciktvosea ï yen ntotydi, ye eazoeikta rila ~ynl n zosãa ay nznlonçãa di ye gvyra

siervi istnvon sikda fnsinda kas znlavis ndatndas rila siy gvyra, caea vijivèkcon, caea

rndvãa di znlav+ Tvntn%si di yen ntotydi doscvoeokntóvon i rvicakciotyasn+ Fnsocneikti,

ikcaktvneas ie tnl rasocoakneikta ye gvyra ïtkoca sikda caksodivnda caea syrivoav n aytva+

Jnkntosea % Jnkîtoca ï yen rissan cae caeravtneiktas i}cissozas, rnvtocylnveikti rav yen

cnysn vilogoasn ay ralåtocn i}tvien, ay cae ye iktysonsea afsissoza rnvn yen rastyvn ay ye

rnssntiera+

http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/nacionalismo

http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etnocentrismo

http://pt.wikiquote.org/wiki/Grupo_%C3%A9tnico

http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fanatismo

http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fanatismo

http://pt.wikiquote.org/wiki/Grupo_%C3%A9tnico

http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etnocentrismo

http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/nacionalismo





I}ierlas di kncoaknloseas8

% n disngvignçãa dns tvès jidivnçùis i}ostiktis kn Iyvarn di listi -Hygaslîzon, Cmicaslazî~yon i

YVSS/, nrós >?=?, diy avogie n ye cloen di tiksãa i cakjlotas zoaliktas, caea n gyivvn das Fnlcãs-Fóskon%Mivxigazokn i @asaza/ ay n sotynçãa kn Cmicmïkon0

% kn vigoãa da Cîycnsa, rnvn nlïe da kncoaknlosea cmicmika, i}ostie okdijokoçùis ~ynkta na istntyta

ralåtoca dn Nficîson i dn Assïton da Syl0 kn Gióvgon, tiksùis iktvi n Nveïkon i a Nxivfnohãa rila

caktvala da Nlta Cnvnfn~yi ay da ikclnzi di Kn`mocmiznk, iktvi aytvas+

% kn Iyvarn Acodiktnl, vincikdivne%si ay oktiksojocnvne%si zilmns rvitiksùis okdirikdiktostns, di ~yi

sãa i}ierlas a sirnvntosea fnsca ie Isrnkmn, cavsa ie Jvnkçn, jlneikga kn Fïlgocn i cntóloca kn

Ovlnkdn da Kavti0

% kn Neïvocn lntokn, ns disogynldndis saconos i vigoaknos nloeiktne as eazoeiktas di gyivvolmn, caea

as åkdoas Cmonrns, ka Eï}oca, i as eazoeiktas saconos, caea as “sie tivvn―, ka Fvnsol0

% cakjlota osvnila%rnlistokonka ~yi dyvn mî enos di cok~yiktn nkas i rnvici oktiveokîzil0

% n vigoãa jvaktiovoçn di Cn}ieovn -iktvi Rn~yostãa i Åkdon/ ~yi si tie zokda n tavknv yen dns vigoùis

enos okstîzios da eykda+





As jykdneiktnloseas

A jykdneiktnlosea njitn tadns ns vigoùis, neinçnkda n talivækcon i n ogynldndi vilogoasn+ N nsciksãa

da jykdneiktnlosea ï yen vinlodndi ie eyotns vigoùis da eykda8 a di avogie hydnocn ie Osvnil,

oslæeocn ka Njignkostãa, kn Nvgïlon ay ka Ovãa ay mokdy kn Åkdon -a mokdytzn/+

A jykdneiktnlosea radi siv rivritvnda rav gvyras vndocnos ay rila rvórvoa istnda+

N oktalivækcon vilogoasn istî n eoknv as rvacissas di rnx ay n vicakcolonçãa iktvi as razas+

As jykdneiktnloseas vilogoasas

A jykdneiktnlosea istikdi%si n tadns ns gvnkdis vilogoùis+ N vndocnloxnçãa da jykdneiktnlosea

oslæeoca ntokgoy gvnys i}tvieas di afscyvnktosea -tnlofãs njigãas/ i di zoalèkcon -Gvyra Oslæeoca

Nvenda Nvgiloka i vidi Nl ^nidn, rav i}ierla/, rnvtocylnveikti oktalivnktis rnvn cae ns aytvns

vilogoùis+

A jykdneiktnlosea oslæeoca radi siv dijokoda caea yen odialagon ralåtocn ~yi rvitikdi istnfiliciv

ye istnda oslæeoca, cae ye ik~yndvneikta cakstotycoaknl i yen avgnkoxnçãa ralåtocn fnsindas ka

oslneosea, caea n Smnvo‟n, ay Lio Oslæeocn, caea økocn vijivèkcon+ As jykdneiktnlostns dijikdie n

afsivzækcon istvotn dn vilogoãa, ay sihn, sigyie â voscn as rviciotas istnfilicodas ka Cavãa+ Vihiotnenokdn tadns ns oktivrvitnçùis dn Smnvo‟n, ~yi dizi siv nrlocndn lotivnleikti+

I}ostie eazoeiktas jykdneiktnlostns enos vndocnos ~yi ~yivie oerav as siys afhitozas, vicavvikda â

zoalèkcon, si kicissîvoa, rav~yi caksodivne ~yi a istnda oslæeoca dizi siv istnfilicoda

oeidontneikti+ Ï n~yo ~yi a jykdneiktnlosea oslæeoca dî lygnv na tivvavosea+

Ens kãa i}osti nrikns tivvavosea oslæeoca+ Aytvas gvyras tivvavostns ntyne ye rayca rav tada a

eykda kãa eyçylenka – a dn ITN ie Isrnkmn, a da OVN i das Ykoakostns ka Ylstiv, a dns JNVC i

das rnvneolotnvis kn Calôefon, a das Togvis Tneol ka Svo Lnk`n, a das enaåstns ka Kirnl, a dns

viknscodns “Fvogndns Ziveilmns― ie Otîlon, a ~yi si enkojistay ka Rivø, kn Åkdon, itc+ Radivåneas

nokdn ikykconv eøltorlas i}ierlas di zivdndiova “tivvavosea di istnda―, ka rnssnda i ka rvisikti+

A jykdneiktnlosea hydnoca rvign ie rval di ye Gvnkdi Osvnil, rvassigyokda n calakoxnçãa das

tivvotóvoas rnlistokonkas acyrndas ie >?:7+

A jykdneiktnlosea mokdy cmigay na radiv kn Åkdon i}rlavnkda yen mastolodndi maeocodn rnvn cae as

okdonkas eyçylenkas+





Kas Istndas Ykodas, a jykdneiktnlosea rvatistnkti neinçn ns tvndoçùis di talivækcon i ogynldndi

vilogoasn+

Ns javens di i}clysãa cae fnsi kn rivtikçn vilogoasn i!ay ïtkocn sãa eyota dozivsojocndns, disdi ns

enos vigylneiktndns -n Nvîfon Snydotn rvaåfi ka siy tivvotóvoa ~ynl~yiv rvîtocn vilogoasn ~yi kãa sihna Oslãa/ âs enos tvndocoaknos -fnovvas%gyitas dn Ovlnkdn da Kavti/+

Zãa dns javens oksodoasns, okstotycoaknloxndns rav vigoeis todas caea dieacvîtocas -istntyta das

îvnfis osvnilotns/, âs javens zoaliktns -ns “loerixns ïtkocns― dn Fóskon i da Vynkdn, iktvi aytvns/+

Nlgyens vigoùis, caea a Cîycnsa, as Fnlcãs ay a Eïdoa Avoikti, cakciktvne tadns ns cnvnctivåstocns

distis cakjlotas odiktotîvoas+

Ns gyivvns dn îgynTikda ie caktn a nyeikta dns kicissodndis di îgyn iktvi tivvotóvoas ntvnzissndas ay loeotndas rav ye

eisea voa -isriconleikti ie vigoùis enos îvodns!disïvtocns/, nssostoeas n yen caeritoçãa cviscikti

rila caktvala disti vicyvsa+

Tie%si vigostnda dosrytns rila caktvala dns fncons modvagvîjocns i das cyvsas di îgyn ay eisea riln

i}rlavnçãa di vicyvsas modvalógocas syftivvækias, rav i}ierla8 kn Neïvocn da Kavti -voa Gvnkdi/, kn

Neïvocn da Syl -voa di Ln Rlntn i voa Rnvnkî/, ka syl i sydisti dn Îson -voa Eiàkg i voa Gnkgis/, ie

Îjvocn -voa Kola i n~yåjivas da Snvn/ i ka Eïdoa Avoikti -voas Havdãa, Lotnko, Avaktis i Iyjvntis i

n~yåjivas di Gnxn i dn Coshavdækon/+









A sogkojocnda das ntn~yis di >> di Sitiefva

N njovençãa di ~yi a eykda kãa sivon enos a eisea diraos das ntn~yis tivvavostns di >> di sitiefva

tavkay%si ye zivdndiova lygnv caeye+ A oerncta dissis ntn~yis jao, di jncta, ikavei+ Jao ye cma~yi

rnvn ns rissans caeyks i rvazacay eydnkçns jykdneiktnos kn ntotydi das gazivkas+ Yen nznlonçãa

enos rvicosn i caerlitn, caktyda, nokdn istî rav siv jiotn+ N gyivvn ~yi divvyfay a vigoei Tnlofnk ka

Njignkostãa jao nrikns yen dns caksi~yèkcons zosåzios, ens aytvns nokdn istãa ie cyvsa+ Ns rivciçùis

das istndostns i dns rissans caeyks sajvivne eydnkçns, ens, istvytyvnleikti, tnkta ns javçns ~yi

disikcndinvne n nçãa tivvavostn ~ynkta as eioas iervigndas kas ntn~yis hî jnxone rnvti dn rvîtocn

cavvikti mî fnstnkti tiera+ Radi%si doxiv ~yi, di eyotns javens, a ntn~yi di >> di sitiefva vizilay

di javen tvîgocn yen jnci dn cmnendn glafnloxnçãa ~yi nokdn kãa tokmn soda rivcifodn rilas nknlostns+

Iktvi ns rivciçùis ~yi ieivgovne nrós as ntiktndas di >> di sitiefva, ns di enoav zosofolodndi sãan~yilns ~yi si vijivie n eydnkçns kn ngikdn dn ralåtocn oktivkncoaknl+ Ns ~yistùis vilncoakndns â

sigyvnkçn oktivkncoaknl zaltnvne n tiv rvoenxon safvi as tiens vilncoakndas na cviscoeikta dn

icakaeon oktivkncoaknl, âs ~yistùis nefoiktnos, â rvaeaçãa das doviotas myenkas i n aytvns ~yistùis

okclyådns rilas nknlostns ka cakciota di law ralotocs+ As ntn~yis tivvavostns kãa nrikns vioktvadyxovne

n tieîtocn dn sigyvnkçn kn ngikdn oktivkncoaknl, ens joxivne%ka di eada dvneîtoca, syvrviikdikti i

saf kazns fnsis+

Disdi a joe dn Gyivvn Jvon, n glafnloxnçãa zokmn sikda yen i}rvissãa iervigndn rnvn dijokov a

~yndva givnl dns vilnçùis oktivkncoaknos+ Nssacondn n istn kaçãa, nvgyeiktnzn%si ~yi ns vilnçùis

caeivconos i joknkciovns mnzone%si tavknda enos oeravtnktis ~yi ns ~yistùis vilntozns â sigyvnkçn

oktivkncoaknl, i ~yi a Istnda istnvon dio}nkda di siv a ntav ciktvnl kns vilnçùis oktivkncoaknos i kn

rvórvon avgnkoxnçãa dns sacoidndis+ As ncakticoeiktas viciktis rysivne n discafivta jncitns kazns

dn glafnloxnçãa i, ie civtn eidodn, vicyrivnvne cakciotas nktogas kn i}rlocnçãa dn ngikdn

oktivkncoaknl+

Tivvavosea8 -ntn~yis8 lacnos i dntns0 eatoznçùis

vilogoasns i ralåtocns0 glafnos i vigoaknos0

Istvntïgons i eioas di caefnti8 dijisn i ntn~yi/





Avogiks da Tivvavosea i n syn Vicvydiscèkcon n kåzil eykdonl nrós a >> di sitiefva di 622>

Ens nktis dilns vicyieas ye rayca ntï â dïcndn di :2!72 da sïcyla ]]+ Ï kistn nltyvn ~yi a

tivvavosea i}rladi rav tadn n Iyvarn+ Syvgie as eazoeiktas ie Otîlon, Fvogndns Ziveilmns, ns

Fndik Eiokmaj, kn Nlienkmn, n ITN Eolotnv ie Isrnkmn i a OVN kn Ovlnkdn da Kavti % Gvã%Fvitnkmn+

Ka nsrita tickalógoca zãa%si disikzalzikda kazas eioas, tnos caea a ysa di cnvtns nvendolmndns,

gvnkndns lnkçndns di milocórtiva -OVN/, eåssios tivvn%nv -nivaravta di Vaen/, sysriotn di rassi di

caerakiktis rnvn faefns kyclinvis -yvækoa vayfnda rav i}ierla/+

Cae a joe dn Gyivvn Jvon, a tivvavosea cnvnctivoxn%si rav yen sïvoi di jikóeikas kazas rvórvoas da

okåcoa dn ivn ~yi si okoconzn+

Rav syn zix kye nvtoga iscvota ie >??: syvgi kn Diclnvnçãa dn jvikti Oslæeocn rnvn n Homnd caktvn

Hydiys i Cvyxndas a sigyokti ti}ta8 “Entnv as Neivocnkas i as siys nlondas, tnkta cozos caea

eolotnvis, ï a diziv okdozodynl di cndn Eyçylenka nrta, ie tadas as rnåsis akdi ossa ï rassåzil, ntï

~yi ns Eis~yotns di N~sn i di Mnvne sihne lofivtndns da siy hyga, i ntï ~yi as siys i}ïvcotas,

disridnçndas i di nsns cavtndns nfnkdakie tadns ns tivvns da Oslãa, okcnrnxis di neinçnv as

eyçylenkas -…/―+

Da tiav distn diclnvnçãa caeiçn a gvnkdi rvaflien dn caerviiksãa da jikóeika tivvavosea, a ~ynl

tie ye sogkojocnda di fnsi caerlitneikti arasta na eadila acodiktnl+ A ~ynl si vijliti caea ndonkti

si rvaznvî ka sioa dns Knçùis Ykodns i da siy Caksilma di Sigyvnkçn+

Ka sigyoeikta das ncakticoeiktas da >> di sitiefva di 622>, as Istndas Ykodas, as Okglisis i cae

ri~yikns caktvofyoçùis di aytvas eiefvas dn KNTA disikcndione n rvoeiovn itnrn caktvn a

tivvavosea ka Njignkostãa ie = di aytyfva di 622>, rnvn ncnfnvie cae a vigoei das Tnlofnks, ~yi

dnzne gynvodn nas gyivvolmiovas dn Nl%^nodn+

Ie >= di envça di 6223, as IYN okocone n ajiksozn caktvn a Ovn~yi+ N hystojocnçãa ivn di ~yi a

gazivka di Snddne Myssiok ditokmn i rvadyxon nvens di distvyoçãa encoçn, i ns nligndns vilnçùis

cae n Nl%^nodn i Asnen Fok Lndik+ Isti cakjlota tvay}i ye kaza isjavça rnvn n rnx ka eykda i

vijavça dn ditiveoknçãa i okjlyèkcon das IYN+

Jnci n issis ncakticoeiktas, ~ynl n ntynçãa dns Knçùis Ykodns i da Caksilma di Sigyvnkçn1

Issikconleikti i ka viscnlda da >> di sitiefva di 622>, n visalyçãa >373 di 6= di sitiefva,vinjovenzn n oki~yåzacn cakdiknçãa da nta i vinjovenzn n caktokynçãa da caefnti na tivvavosea+





Issn visalyçãa cakjoveay a Caeotï Caktvn Tivvavosea, nrvazndn rilas >9 eiefvas da Caksilma di

Sigyvnkçn+

Jao rncåjocn issn visalyçãa1 Ka viscnlda da >> di sitiefva di 622>, soe sie døzodn+

Ens, caktokynzn rav mnziv yen clnvn dijokoçãa i ye caksiksa nlnvgnda safvi a tivvavosea+

Ntiktndas Tivvavostns

Endvod 6224

Laga n sigyov, ie >> di envça di 6224, ncakticie as ntn~yis tivvavostns ie Endvod+

Kissi eisea don, a Caksilma di Sigyvnkçn dn AKY cakdiknzn ie tiveas eyota javtis as ntn~yis

lizndas n ijiota riln ITN, ka ~ynl tokmne soda rivdodns eyotns zodns, i}rvoeon n syn rvajykdn

soernton i cakdalèkcons na raza i Gazivka di Isrnkmn, i oksoston rnvn cae tadas as istndas rnvn ~yi

caarivnssie ntozneikti kas isjavças rnvn tvnxiv â hystoçn tadas as nytavis, avgnkoxndavis i

visraksîzios das ntn~yis tivvavostns, i i}rvoeon n syn vijavçndn ditiveoknçãa rnvn caefntiv tadns ns

javens di tivvavosea di ncavda cae ns syns visraksnfolodndis i}rvissns kn Cnvtn dns KY+

Mî ~yi vinlçnv ~yi kns okzistognçùis ~yi si okoconvne, si tavkay izodikti ~yi as ntn~yis kãa tokmne

soda dn nytavon dn ITN ens nraktnzne sivoneikti na ikzalzoeikta dn Nl ^nodn+

Lakdvis 6229

Ie 7 di hylma di 6229, ~yntva i}rlasùis nfnlne Lakdvis+ Âs =m92 tvès faefns i}rladie cae yen

dojivikçn di 92 sigykdas ie tvès cnvvyngiks da eitvaralotnka+ Yen ~ynvtn faefn i}rladoy kye

nytacnvva âs ?m47 kn Rvnçn Tnzostac`+ Tatnl di eavtas8 9: okclyokda as tivvavostns i 722 jivodas+ Jao antiktnda enos eavtåjiva ie Lakdvis disdi n 6¨ Gyivvn Eykdonl+

A eaeikta kãa jao iscalmoda rav ncnsa+ Istnzn n dicavviv ie Lakdvis a rvoeiova don dn 3>¨ Coeiovn

da G=+ A Vioka Ykoda tokmn mî rayca okoconda n Rvisodèkcon da Caksilma dn Ykoãa Iyvarion+

Ens ns KY ierikmndns caea istnzne kn vicakstvyçãa da Ovn~yi, tokmne sajvoda ye sïvoa ntvnsa8

Kissi eisea don a Caksilma di Sigyvnkçn dn cakdiknzn sie visivzns as ntn~yis tivvavostns ie

Lakdvis ka don 7 di Hylma, i caksodivnzn tadas as ntas tivvavostns caea yen neinçn â rnx i sigyvnkçn0

i}rvoeon n syn enos rvajykdn soernton i cakdalèkcons âs zåtoens das ntn~yis i âs syns jneålons, nssoecaea na raza i gazivka da Vioka Ykoda0





Oksoston cae tadas as istndas, di ncavda cae ns syns afvognçùis rnvn caarivnvie ntozneikti kas

isjavças rnvn ikcaktvnvie i tvnxivie â hystoçn as avgnkoxndavis i visraksîzios rav n~yilis ntas

fîvfnvas0 i i}rvoeon n syn eî}oen ditiveoknçãa rnvn caefntiv a tivvavosea, di ncavda cae ns syns

visraksnfolodndis na nfvoga dn Cnvtn dns Knçùis Ykodns+

Ntn~yis kn Åkdon

Nrvisiktn%si n sigyov yen vilnçãa das rvokcornos ntn~yis tivvavostns acavvodas kn Åkdon kas øltoeasnkas+Isti rnås ï nlza cakstnkti di ntn~yis ntvofyådas n gvyras oslæeocas i mokdyåstns+

69 di ngasta di 6223 % Daos cnvvas%faefn entne :2 ie Eyefno+

6? di aytyfva di 6224 % :: rissans eavvie ie tvès i}rlasùis ie eivcndas di Kazn Dilo+

>> di hylma di 622: % Enos di >=2 rissans eavvie ie siti i}rlasùis ie istnçùis di tvie i ie tviksie Eyefno+ Eolotnktis oslæeocas nssyeovne+

= di sitiefva di 622: % Rila eikas 36 rissans eavvie ie yen sïvoi di i}rlasùis, yen dilnsrvó}oea n yen eis~yotn, kn codndi di Enlignak+

>? di jiziviova di 6227 % Dyns faefns i}rladie ie ye tvie ~yi on dn Åkdon na Rn~yostãa+ Rilaeikas :: rnssngiovas, n enoavon rn~yostnkisis, eavvie ~yioendas+

69 di ngasta di 6227 % Tvès i}rlasùis caavdikndns ie ye rnv~yi di dozivsùis ie Mdivnfnd entnerila eikas 42 rissans+

>3 di enoa di 622= % Siti faefns i}rladie kns vyns eazoeiktndns dn codndi di Hnoryv, entnkda naeikas :3 rissans ie eivcndas i kns rva}oeodndis di ye tierla mokdyåstn/+

6: di hylma di 622= % Rila eikas >: ri~yikns faefns i}rladie ie Nmeidnfnd, ka istnda diGyhnvnt, entnkda 49 rissans i jivokda >:>+ A eisea gvyra nssyei visraksnfolodndi rila ntn~yi+





Havknl I}rvissa ->9!>>!62>>/

N Åkdon zaltay mahi n siv rnlca di ntiktndas tivvavostns+ Rila eikas 6> rissans eavvivne i enosdi 72 jocnvne jivodns kn si~yèkcon di tvès i}rlasùis acavvodns istn tnvdi -iktvi :m i 7m lacnos di

don >4/ ie eivcndas di Faefnoe -aisti/+

As ntiktndas faefostns zivojocnvne%si ka eivcnda Dndnv, ie rlika ciktva dn enos rarylasncodndi okdonkn, i kn xakn joknkciovn da eivcnda di Hmnzivo+ Zîvoas idojåcoas, okclyokda a idojåcoadn órivn lacnl, jocnvne dnkojocndas+

A Gazivka kãa discnvtn mnziv enos zåtoens, i n akdn di i}rlasùis rôs ie nlivtn zîvons aytvnscodndis dn Åkdon+

Zåtoens radie nyeiktnv

Ns cnysns dns i}rlasùis nokdn kãa javne cakjovendns ens dozivsas cnknos tilizosozas vijivovne~yi a Eokostïvoa da Oktivoav hî ndeotoy tvntnv%si di ntn~yis tivvavostns+

A visraksîzil eî}oea da Istnda di Enmnvnsmtvn, aisti dn Åkdon, dossi ~yi a køeiva di zåtoensda ntn~yi ie rlika ciktva dn cnrotnl joknkciovn okdonkn radi nyeiktnv+ Ns i}rlasùisacavvivne n yen mavn ie ~yi eolmnvis di rissans hî si ikcaktvnzne kns vyns dn codndi+





Cakciotas Dozivsas di Tivvavosea i Oktivrvitnçùis Caksi~yiktis

Riln caerli}odndi i caerviiksãa da jikóeika tivvavostn, i}ostie zîvoas cakciotas n sigyov8

% tivvavosea ï a ntn~yi okdoscvoeoknda n okaciktis i n tiktntozn di oktvadyxov a eida i a tivvav kn zodn

~yatodonkn0

% tivvavosea ï yen istvntïgon okdovitn di lytn kãa cakzikcoaknl, ~yi vicavvi â neinçn ay ysa

rvieidotnda di zoalèkcon safvi cozos, eolotnvis ay fiks, rvarngnkda ye cloen di tivvav cae a oktyota

di cangov a arasotav di ngov di ncavda cae as siys joks ralåtocas, vizistodas rav eatoznçùis ~yi radie

kãa siv ralåtocns―+

N Vnkd Cavrivntoak ka “Tmi Kiw Ngi aj Tivvavose― njoven ~yi a tivvavosea tavkay%si enos

snkgvikta, eikas dirikdikti di istndas visraksîzios, disikzalziy kazas eioas di avgnkoxnçãa,

ndnrtay i i}rlavay ns kazns tickalagons di caeykocnçãa, ikzalzi cnernkmns glafnos i tie toda

oerncta istvntïgoca+ Kikmyen distns kazns tikdèkcons riveoti jnxiv rvizosùis ay i}tvnralnv+ Ï a

tivvavosea glafnl kyen nldion glafnl+

As Istndas Ykodas dn Neïvocn ytoloxne tvès dijokoçùis, disogkndneikti a Dirnvtneikta di Istnda,

Dirnvtneikta dn Dijisn i JFO, di ncavda cae as oktivissis dns visritozns okstotyoçùis8

A rvoeiova njoven ~yi a tivvavosea caksosti ka ysa rvieidotnda dn zoalèkcon i}icytndn caktvn nlzas

kãa%caefntiktis rav ngiktis syfkncoaknos ay clnkdistokas, mnfotynleikti distokndn n okjlyikconv yen

nydoèkcon+

Hî rnvn a Dirnvtneikta di Dijisn Neivocnka, a tivvavosea ï a ysa cnlcylnda dn zoalèkcon ay dn

neinçn dn zoalèkcon caktvn okdozådyas ay rvarvoidndis, rnvn okjykdov a eida, cae n oktikçãa di

oktoeodnv gazivkas ay sacoidndis cae a joe di rivsigyov afhitozas ~yi givnleikti sãa ralåtocas,

vilogoasas ay odialógocas+

N tivciovn dijokoçãa ï n~yiln ~yi ï ysndn rila JFO -Jidivnl Fyviny aj Okzistogntoak/, ie ~yi dox ~yi ïa ysa olignl dn javçn ay zoalèkcon caktvn rissans ay rnvn oktoeodnv ay cangov ye gazivka, rarylnçãa

cozol, cae n oktikçãa di nlcnkçnv afhitozas ralåtocas ay saconos+

Istn dijokoçãa, eyota sieilmnkti â nktivoav, oktvadyx yen kazn znvonkti das joks tivvavostns, ~yi sãa as

afhitozas saconos+

N Avgnkoxnçãa da Tvntnda da Ntlæktoca Kavti -KNTA/ dijoki a Tivvavosea ytoloxnkda yen jóveyln

oktiveïdon dns aytvns ~yi caksosti “ka ysa ay neinçn da ysa olignl dn javçn ay dn zoalèkcon caktvn





rissans ay rvarvoidndis cae n oktikçãa di cakdocoaknv ay oktoeodnv as gazivkas ay sacoidndis rnvn

caksigyov afhitozas ralåtocas, vilogoasas ay odialógocas―+

I rav~yi istneas kn Ykoãa Iyvarion, ie 622> a Caksilma dn YI rvarôs ditnlmnv yen sïvoi di nçùis

~yi radivone istnv okclyådas ka cakciota di ngvissãa tivvavostn+ Nçùis ay ntas oktikcoaknos, ~yi riln

syn kntyvixn i cakti}ta, radie ntokgov sivoneikti ye Rnås ay yen avgnkoxnçãa oktivkncoaknl – tnl

caea si dijoki ngvissãa ie tiveas kncoaknos – caeitodns cae a rvarósota di oktoeodnv sivoneikti n

rarylnçãa, rivsyndov di javen ditiveoknkti ye gazivka ay avgnkoxnçãa oktivkncoaknl rnvn liznv n

cnfa ay aeotov ditiveokndn nçãa, ay disistnfoloxnv sivoneikti ay distvyov n ralåtocn cakstotycoaknl ay

icakóeocn, ay ns istvytyvns saconos da Rnås ay Avgnkoxnçãa oktivkncoaknl+

N vidnçãa disti ti}ta jao afhita di oeiksns doscyssùis ka siktoda di si caksigyov yknkoeodndi,

rvazacndns rav oktivissis di nlgyks sictavis di i}clyåvie dn dijokoçãa ns rvarastns nktoglafnloxnçãa i

ditiveokndns ntynçùis di gvyras icalógocas+

Ns dijokoçùis ncoen discvotns, kãa jagie eyota dn dijokoçãa ieråvocn da tivvavosea+ Ns oktivrvitnçùis

sãa eyota sieilmnktis i ~ynsi ~yi si tacne kns oktikçùis+ Ens i}ostie aytvns tnefïe oeravtnktis,

ens ~yi dozivgie riln javeylnçãa ~yi lmis ï dndn rilas rvokcåroas nrnviktieikti caktvndotóvoas rnvn

a riksneikta ralåtoca Acodiktnl+

Rav i}ierla ns ienkndns dn sissãa i}tvnavdokîvon dn Cakjivèkcon Oslæeocn das Rvoeiovas%Eokostvas

safvi a tivvavosea lizndn n ijiota ie @ynln Lyeryv, kn Enlîson, di > n 3 di nfvol di 6226+

Zihneas raos nlgyens rnvtis dn diclnvnçãa joknl dissn Cakjivèkcon Oslæeocn8

% vihiotne tadns ns tiktntozns di lognçãa na Oslãa i Eyçylenkas, zosta ~yi a tivvavosea kãa tie

~ynl~yiv nssaconçãa cae ~ynl~yiv vilogoãa, cozoloxnçãa ay kncoaknlodndi+

% cakdikne oki~yozacneikti tadas as ntas di tivvavosea oktivkncoaknl ie tadns ns javens i

enkojistnçùis, okclyokda tivvav di istndas, okdirikdiktieikti di eatozas, nytavis i zåtoens, zosta ~yia tivvavosea calacn yen sïvoi neinçn â rnx i sigyvnkçn, i ï yen gvnzi zoalnçãa das doviotas myenkas+

% viotivne ns rvokcornos rasoçùis â lyx dn Cnvtn dns Knçùis Ykodns ka ~yi cakcivki n ligotoençãa dn

visostèkcon â ngvissãa istvnkgiovn i â lytn rnvn n lofivtnçãa kncoaknl i nytaditiveoknçãa das razas saf

acyrnçãa calakonl ay nlmions+ Kissi cakti}ta, syflokmne n yvgèkcon rnvn ye caksiksa oktivkncoaknl

safvi n dijokoçãa di tivvavosea, n ~ynl dojivikconvî ns lytns ligåtoens das ntas tivvavostns+

% vihiotne ~ynos~yiv tiktntozns rnvn lognvie as istndas oslæeocas i n visostèkcon lofnkisn cae a

tivvavosea, n ~ynl cakstotyo a oeridoeikta rnvn a caefnti glafnl caktvn a tivvavosea+





Ens enos cyvoasn rilas tiens ~yi nfavdn ï n Cakzikçãa Îvnfi da Tivvavosea ~yi jao lizndn n ijiota

ka Cnova ie nfvol di >??=, i ~yi jao ndatndn rilas Eokostvas da Oktivoav i dn Hystoçn das Rnåsis

Îvnfis+ Ï ye dacyeikta cae 46 nvtogas, syfdozododas ie zîvons îvins di oktivzikçãa i kn rnvti >,

Nvt¸ >, a tivvavosea ï dijokoda caea ~ynl~yiv nta ay neinçn di zoalèkcon, ~ynos~yiv ~yi sihne as siys

eatozas ay rvarósotas, ~yi syvhne rav okocontozn rvórvon ay calitozn, rvacyvnkda sieinv a rækoca iktvi

as razas cnysnkda%lmis dnkas, ay calacnkda ns syns zodns, lofivdndis ay sigyvnkçn ie vosca, ay

rvacyvnkda cnysnv rvihyåxas ka nefoikti, okstnlnçùis røflocns ay rvozndns, ay acyrnkda ay

rvacyvnkda i}rav na rivoga vicyvsas kncoaknos+

Ie 6229, ka æefota dn Cakzikçãa Givnl caktvn a Tivvavosea Oktivkncoaknl ï dota ~yi nlgyens

dilignçùis joxivne katnv n kicissodndi di dostokgyov ntas di tivvavosea dn ligåtoen lytn das razas riln

nytaditiveoknçãa, ncvisciktnkda nokdn yen sygistãa rnvn okclyåvie a cakciota da Tivvavosea di

Istnda kn dijokoçãa di tivvavosea+

Kissns kigaconçùis syvgovne zîvoas rnåsis cae dojiviktis iktikdoeiktas da cakciota+ Nssoe, mnzon

istndas da Eïdoa Avoikti – Såvon i Ovãa – ~yi si arùie â i}ostèkcon di Osvnil i ~yi a ncysne di

“tivvavosea di Istnda―, ncysnkda%a nokdn di jaeiktnv ntozodndis tivvavostns ka eykda Acodiktnl+

Aytvas istndas da Eïdoa Avoikti – Havdækon ay Igota – sigyie yen ralåtocn di nciotnçãa dn i}ostèkcon

di Osvnil i tiktne riln zon kigaconl, liznv â cvonçãa di ye istnda dn Rnlistokn+

Hî Osvnil, ï ye istnda ie cakjlota cae as siys zoxokmas i jvi~yiktieikti ncysnda di tivvavosea+

Dijvaktn%si ~ynsi rivenkiktieikti cae gvyras tivvavostns caea a Mnens, n Mixfallnm ay n Homnd

Oslæeocn rnvn n lofivtnçãa dn Rnlistokn+

Zèe diraos as Rnåsis Nsoîtocas, Svo Lnk`n, Åkdon cae lognçùis na gvyra Mnvn`nv Nksnv, dn Cn}ieovn in Okdakïson cae zîvoas ntiktndas lizndas n ijiota riln Nl%^nodn+

As eiefvas Nsoîtocas da Caksilma di Sigyvnkçn dns KY tnl caea n Jidivnçãa Vyssn, cae as

rvafliens dn Cmicmïkon akdi i}ostie zîvoas gvyras di visostèkcon oslæeocn+

Hî n Cmokn, aytva istnda Nsoîtoca eiefva da Caksilma di Sigyvnkçn dns KY, tie rvafliens oktivkas

di tivvavosea, tnl caea as sirnvntostns Yogmyv da ]okhonkg i isriconleikti dn “Jvikti di Lofivtnçãa





da Tyv~yistãa Avoiktnl―, okclyådn kn jvikti di gvyras di visostèkcon nkto cmokisn, cakmicodn caea

“Tyhyi Listi―+

I}ostie tnefïe eazoeiktas di lofivtnçãa ~yi eyotns zixis disikcndione ntn~yis tivvavostns, i ~yi

cakjvaktne Istndas, as ~ynos rav~yi as caksodivne tivvavostns, ysne di tadas as eioas na siy nlcnkci

rnvn as caefntiv sikda ye das i}ierlas enos ntynos n Vøsson cae n ~yistãa dn Cmicmïkon+

Ka cnera acodiktnl, n Avgnkoxnçãa da Tvntnda da Ntlæktoca Kavti -KNTA/ dijoki a tivvavosea caea

a ysa ay neinçn di ysa olignl dn javçn ay dn zoalèkcon caktvn rissans ay fiks cae n oktikçãa di

cakdocoaknv ay oktoeodnv gazivkas ay sacoidndis rnvn caksigyov afhitozas ralåtocas, vilogoasas ay

odialógocas+

Rav aytva lnda a Caksilma dn Ykoãa Iyvarion discvizi caea ntas tivvavostns, yen sïvoi di nçùis ~yi

radie istnv okclyådns ka cakciota di ngvissãa tivvavostn, tnos caea nçùis ay ntas oktikcoakndas, ~yi

riln syn kntyvixn si radie okclyov ka cakciota di ngvissãa tivvavostn+

Nçùis ay ntas oktikcoaknos, ~yi riln syn kntyvixn i cakti}ta, radie rvihydocnv sivoneikti ye Rnås ay

yen Avgnkoxnçãa Oktivkncoaknl, caeitodas cae n oktikçãa di oktoeodnv n rarylnçãa, rivsyndov di

javen ditiveoknkti ye gazivka ay avgnkoxnçãa oktivkncoaknl rnvn liznv n cnfa ditiveokndn nçãa, ay

disistnfoloxnv!distvyov n ralåtocn jykdneiktnl, cakstotycoaknl ay icakóeocn, ay ns istvytyvns saconos di

ye rnås ay Avgnkoxnçãa Oktivkncoaknl+

N ASCI -Avgnkoxnçãa rnvn n Sigyvnkçn i Caarivnçãa kn Iyvarn/ kn syn istvntïgon rnvn tvntnv dns

neinçns â sigyvnkçn i istnfolodndi ka sïc+ ]]O, njoven ~yi a tivvavosea ï yen dns enos oeravtnktis

cnysns dn okstnfolodndi kn ~yistãa dn sigyvnkçn, i caktokynvî sikda n neinçn rnvn n rnx i

istnfolodndi i rnvn a radiv da istnda, rnvtocylnveikti ntvnzïs dn syn cnrncodndi rnvn ytoloxnv eïtadasnssoeïtvocas rnvn izotnv as sostiens di sigyvnkçn i dijisn tvndocoaknos+ Kãa mî hystojocnçãa rnvn a

tivvavosea ~ynl~yiv ~yi isti sihn++

Rav joe, n dijokoçãa ncndïeocn di tivvavosea ncioti rilns Knçùis Ykodns njoven ~yi dndn n

caerli}odndi i dozivsodndis di rivsritozns ~yi i}ostie safvi a tivvavosea, kãa ï rassåzil dijokov

ndi~yndneikti cae yen só dijokoçãa, safvi a ~yi acavvi cae a ysa di zoalèkcon ay n syn neinçn, n

~yi si cmnen di tivvavosea+ A tivvavosea ï ye eïtada di viotivndn nçãa zoaliktn oksrovndn knnkgøston, ytoloxnda rav rissans, gvyras ay Istndas di javen clnkdistokn, rav vnxùis odoassokcvîsocns,





cvoeokasns ay ralåtocns, rav eioa dns ~ynos – n dojivikcon da nssnssoknta – a afhitoza oeidonta dn

zoalèkcon kãa ï a afhitoza joknl+

Radi%si njovenv di yen enkiovn enos soerlostn, ~yi a tivvavosea caksosti kn neinçn da ysa dn javçn

rnvn si caksigyov ye afhitoza ralåtoca+

Caea si zè das zîvoas cakciotas ncoen okdocndas, cakstntn%si ~yi ye das rvokcornos rvafliens ~yi si

dirnvn âs avgnkoxnçùis oktivkncoaknos ka eaeikta di istnfilicivie ralåtocns di caavdiknçãa rnvn n

lytn caktvn a tivvavosea sãa di jncta ns dojiviktis cakciçùis ~yi cndn yen dilns tie safvi a

tivvavosea+

Ns Avgnkoxnçùis Oktivkncoaknos kn Lytn Caktvn a Tivvavosea

Ns Knçùis Ykodns

Kns Knçùis Ykodns, i}ostie enos di >6 cakzikçùis i rvatacalas oktivkncoaknos caktvn a tivvavosea i

eyotns dns visalyçùis da Caksilma di Sigyvnkçn nfavdne n~yili rvaflien, ens caea hî ntvîs jao

vijivoda, kãa i}osti yen dijokoçãa caeye da jikóeika, sikda a enoav rvaflien n rvitiksãa das

Rnåsis Oslæeocas di dostokgyovie a tivvavosea dn lytn das razas caktvn n acyrnçãa i riln syn lozvi

ditiveoknçãa+

N odion da tivvavosea siv ye rvaflien raktynl disnrnviciy mî eyota+ Cndn zix enos ï enoav a

cakmicoeikta ~yi rav ditvîs di ~ynl~yiv nta tivvavostn, i}osti yen vidi tivvavostn oktivkncoaknl ~yi a

nraon n kåzil rvirnvntóvoa, joknkciova, entivonl, lagåstoca i okjaventoza+

Rnvn visrakdiv n istns neinçns, ns Avgnkoxnçùis Kncoaknos kãa fnstne8 tèe ~yi cai}ostov cae aytvasGazivkas i Avgnkoxnçùis Oktivkncoaknos tnos caea ns Knçùis Ykodns ~yi tvntne dissi jikóeika

disdi n syn cakstotyoçãa ie >?4=+





ASCI – Avgnkoxnçãa rnvn n Sigyvnkçn i rnvn n Caarivnçãa kn Iyvarn

N ASCI cvoay istvytyvns isricåjocns rnvn a caefnti na tivvavosea, tnos caea n Ykodndi di Nçãa

caktvn a tivvavosea - NTY – Nctoak ngnokst tivvavose Ykot / cae n joknlodndi di istydnv ns dijocoèkcons

dns cnrncodndis nktotivvavostns das istndas%eiefvas+

N ASCI tnl caea ns Knçùis Ykodns vigi%si enos riln ndaçãa di eidodns rviziktozns, da ~yi rav

eidodns caivcozns+ Ens sikda yen Avgnkoxnçãa ~yi ï caerastn rav 99 Rnåsis rnvn nlïe das IYN i

Cnkndî, ens loeotndn kas siys eioas, kãa si isrivn eyotn caosn ie tiveas jytyvas, dizikda siv n syn

eossãa n di enktiv rvisikçn kas rvacissas da caefnti na tivvavosea ntvnzïs di kavens, dovitozns i

caavdiknçãa, i rvokcornleikti a ikzalzoeikta ntoza kas rvacissas di disnveneikta i visalyçãa dns

cvosis caea a tie jiota kn Foilavvøsson, Ycvækon i Ealdnzn i ka Cîycnsa -Gióvgon i

Nveïkon!Nxivfnohãa/+

KNTA

A Tivvavosea kãa ï ye tien kaza rnvn n KNTA, ens jao cae as ncakticoeiktas da >> di sitiefva

~yi n afvogay n ye kaza disikzalzoeikta ka ~yi visriotn â dijokoçãa di afhitozas i di kazns eidodns

rnvn tvntnv dns kazns neinçns â sigyvnkçn+ Ie joknos di >?=>, as Eokostvas das Kigócoas Istvnkgiovasdn Nlonkçn, vicakmicone ~yi nrisnv da tivvavosea siv afhita di istyda i rvizikçãa dn rnvti di aytvns





avgnkoxnçùis, ivn ka iktnkta kicissîvoa caefntè%la n ye kåzil enos iliznda iktvi as gazivkas nlondas,

tikda ie caktn a iliznda køeiva di ntas tivvavostns caktvn lådivis ralåtocas das Rnåsis nlondas

Kn Coeiovn di Rvngn ie kaziefva di 6226, n KNTA, vicakmiciy a caefnti na tivvavosea caea yen

kazn eossãa, cakclyokda ~yi n lytn caktvn a tivvavosea vicno safvi as Istndas%eiefvas, sikda as

afhitozas dn KNTA nhydî%las kn dossynsãa, dijisn, oktivciçãa i rvatiçãa jnci âs neinçns tivvavostns

zokdns da i}tivoav, siervi ~yi jav kicissîvoa+

A dacyeikta ienknda dn Coeiovn di Rvngn caktierln ~yntva îvins di ntynçãa, visritozneikti a

nktotivvavosea, ~yi tvntn di ye cakhykta di eidodns dijiksozns rnvn vidyxov n zylkivnfolodndi di

javçns, rissans i fiks, rnvtolmn di okjavençùis, nhydn kn zogolækcon nïvin i knznl+ N sigykdn eidodn –

gistãa dns eidodns – ~yi zosn ntikynv as ijiotas distvytozas das ntn~yis tivvavostns, oktivzokda cae

isriconlostns kn gyivvn kyclinv i foalógocn+ N tivciovn îvin vijivi%si na caktvn tivvavosea – ~yi tvntn

dns nçùis ajiksozns di cnvox eolotnv ~yi zãa disdi n dossynsãa â visrastn caktvn ntn~yis ay neinçns di

gvyras tivvavostns i siys nraonktis+ I rav øltoea, n caarivnçãa eolotnv – ~yi nfavdn ye cakhykta di

eidodns rnvn okcvieiktnv n caavdiknçãa di isjavças iktvi ns Avgnkoxnçùis oktivkncoaknos i as Rnåsis

Nlondas+

Kn Coeiovn di Ostnefyl ie hykma di 6224 ï vicakmicodn n ditiveoknçãa dn KNTA ie caefntiv a

tivvavosea di tadns ns javens, ie cakjaveodndi cae ns kavens oktivkncoaknos i as rvokcåroas dn Cnvtn

dns KY, tvndyxokda%si kn rnvtolmn di okjavençãa iktvi ns Knçùis, visrastn vîrodn nas ridodas di nhydn

rnvn rvatiçãa caktvn ntn~yis tivvavostns, nyeiktnv n zogolækcon da tvîjiga envåtoea da Eidotivvækia+

Sigykda n daytvokn dn KNTA ï rvijivåzil dossyndov ay rvizikov as ntn~yis tivvavostns da ~yi ikjviktnv

ns syns caksi~yèkcons, nrisnv di ~ynl~yiv nçãa n ierviikdiv kn lytn caktvn a tivvavosea vi~yiovn n

nrvaznçãa rvïzon di tadas as Istndas%eiefvas+ Ï ka iktnkta okdoscytåzil n lodivnkçn dn KNTA ka

cnera eolotnv caktvn a tivvavosea, iktvi ns avgnkoxnçùis oktivkncoaknos+ N syn caerakikti eolotnv tie

yen istvytyvn di caenkda ~yi lmi riveoti rlnkojocnv ~ynl~yiv nçãa di caktokgèkcon ie ~ynl~yivcikîvoa, vinloxnkda i}ivcåcoas i enkafvns cakhyktns, oerylsoaknkda a disikzalzoeikta dns kazns

tickalagons+ N syn Javçn di Vinçãa Vîrodn - KVJ Knta Visraksi Javci/ radivî tiv ka jytyva, eossùis

cakcvitns ka caefnti na tivvavosea+

Di jncta, n KNTA caktïe daytvokn, rlnkas isricåjocas i istvytyvns cakcvitns rnvn a caefnti na

tivvavosea, ens dizivî aftiv yen cakzivgèkcon vinl safvi as daos zitavis ~yi i}ostie ka siy sioa, osta

ï a zitav fïloca lodivnda rilas IYN ~yi caksosti kn istvntïgon di ysnv eidodns rviziktozns i

ajiksozns, sikda n jykçãa rvokcornl distokndn â caerakikti eolotnv+





N enoav rnvti das Rnåsis Iyvariys rvijivie a zitav dn iloeoknçãa dns cnysns, ie cyhn istvntïgon si

nraon ie eidodns rviziktozns i dijiksozns, kn civtixn di ~yi si kãa radi divvatnv a tivvavosea

ik~ynkta si kãa iloeoknvie ns cnysns ~yi a avogokne, i rnvn ossa dizivãa rvijivov%si eidodns

ralåtocns, icakóeocns, raloconos i saconos na ysa das eioas eolotnvis+

Ykoãa Iyvarion

Kn si~yèkcon das ntn~yis da >> di sitiefva, n Ykoãa Iyvarion dix dons nrós a Caksilma Iyvariy

diraos dn syn viykoãa i}tvnavdokîvon da don 6> di sitiefva, diclnvnzn ~yi “a tivvavosea ï ye

zivdndiova disnjoa rnvn n sigyvnkçn dn Iyvarn i da Eykda, i ~yi a caefnti na tivvavosea si

cakzivtivî ka afhitoza rvoavotîvoa dn Ykoãa Iyvarion―+ Jao tnefïe nrvaznda a Rlnka di Nçãa ~yi

okcavravn n ralåtocn iyvarion rnvn caefntiv a tivvavosea, a ~ynl caksosti ie vijavçnv n caarivnçãa

raloconl i hydoconl iktvi as Istndas%eiefvas, jaeiktnv a oktivcæefoa dn okjavençãa, nerlonv a æefota

dn caarivnçãa kn sigyvnkçn nïvin, rvaravcoaknv a disikzalzoeikta di okstvyeiktas oktivkncoaknos

lignos, cae a joe di oeridov a joknkconeikta da tivvavosea, okclysozi n caavdiknçãa dn nçãa glafnl dn

Ykoãa Iyvarion kn lytn caktvn a tivvavosea+

Ka Caksilma Iyvariy okjavenl ie 6> di aytyfva dissi eisea nka, jao nrvazndn yen Diclnvnçãa

safvi a “sigyoeikta das ntiktndas da >> di sitiefva i n lytn caktvn a tivvavosea―, akdi si dnzn caktn

dns nçùis ierviikdodns i ~yi vinlçnzn n kicissodndi di si vinloxnvie ditiveokndns nçùis,

distncnkda%si n dijokoçãa caeye da tivvavosea, i n nrvaznçãa javenl di yen Dovitozn caktvn a

fvnk~yineikta di cnrotnos i nrvaznçãa di rvarastns safvi n sigyvnkçn nïvin+ Tnefïe vijivon n

kicissodndi di oktiksojocnv n caarivnçãa iktvi as sivzoças ikcnvvigndas da caefnti na tivvavosea,

disogkndneikti, n Iyvaral, as sivzoças di okjavençãa, n ralåcon i nytavodndis hydoconos, di eada n

riveotov ye istnfilicoeikta di yen lostn di avgnkoxnçùis tivvavostns nokdn kissi nka+

Nrisnv das nznkças aftodas ka caefnti na tivvavosea, ns eossùis eolotnvis n sivie disikzalzodns riln

Ykoãa Iyvarion ivne ns eisens ~yi ns discvotns rilns “eossùis di Ritivsfivg―, ns ~ynos kãa okclyånen lytn caktvn a tivvavosea+ Nssoe, jao dnda ye rvoeiova rnssa kn Cakzikçãa di Sizolmn, rnvn n

vijaveylnçãa dn~yilns eossùis+

Ens, ie >6 di dixiefva di 6223, cae a dacyeikta “Yen Iyvarn sigyvn kye eykda eilmav―

nrvisiktnda rav Hnzoiv Salnkn, ovon dnv lygnv â Istvntïgon Iyvarion di Sigyvnkçn, n ~ynl dnvon riln

rvoeiovn zix kn Mostóvon dn Ykoãa Iyvarion ye envca daytvoknl ie ~yistùis di sigyvnkçn+

Issn Istvntïgon Iyvarion di Sigyvnkçn, cakstotyo ye ilieikta issikconl rnvn caerviikdiv ns eossùisdns javçns eolotnvis dn Ykoãa Iyvarion, vijivokda a tivvavosea caea yen dns rvokcornos neinçns â





sigyvnkçn, hyktneikti cae n rvalojivnçãa dns nvens di distvyoçãa encoçn, as cakjlotas vigoaknos, n

dicaerasoçãa das Istndas i a cvoei avgnkoxnda+ Caksodivn ~yi kikmyen distns neinçns ï eivneikti

eolotnv i ~yi kãa radi ntncî%lns cae eioas eolotnvis, ens soe cae aytvas okstvyeiktas rvórvoas caea

Sivzoças di Okjavençùis, Raloconos i Hydoconos+

Si hî si tokmn nznkçnda fnstnkti kn si~yèkcon da >> di sitiefva, as ntn~yis tivvavostns di >> di

envça di 6224 ie Endvod, zoivne n jnxiv ~yi si dissie rnssas eyota gvnkdis kn entïvon, caea ie

69 di envça di 6224, a Caksilma Iyvariy ie Fvy}ilns ieotoy n “Diclnvnçãa dn lytn caktvn a

tivvavosea― akdi as istndas%eiefvas si caervaeitone iktvi aytvns caosn n vijavçnv n caarivnçãa

i}ostikti, as caktvalis di jvaktiovns, oeridov a joknkconeikta da tivvavosea i eilmavnv n caarivnçãa

oktivkncoaknl+

Dissn diclnvnçãa distncne%si daos otiks eyota oeravtnktis, tvntnkda a rvoeiova dn salodnvoidndi

caktvn a tivvavosea ~yi caksosti ka caervaeossa ralåtoca das istndas%eiefvas i ndiviktis ntynvie

cakhyktneikti caktvn as ntas tivvavostns, a sigykda a caervaeossa das Istndas%eiefvas eafoloxnvie

tadas as siys isjavças di ~yi dosrakmne okclyokda eioas eolotnvis rnvn rvizikov neinçns tivvavostns

ie ~ynl~yiv tivvotóvoa dn Ykoãa Iyvarion, rvatiçãa dns Okstotyoçùis dieacvîtocns i dns rarylnçùis

cozos di rassåzios ntiktndas, i rvaravcoaknv nssostèkcon n ye Istnda%eiefva ie cnsa di ntiktnda+

Cae as ntn~yis rivritvndas ie Lakdvis ie 7 di hylma di 6229, a Caksilma rnvn nlïe dns

diclnvnçùis di >3 di Hylma cakdiknkda ziieiktieikti as ntas, rvirnvay yen istvntïgon dn Ykoãa

Iyvarion kye dacyeikta ~yi nrvisiktn ye caervaeossa istvntïgoca dn Ykoãa rnvn “lytnv caktvn a

tivvavosea â iscnln eykdonl, visriotnkda soeyltnkineikti as doviotas myenkas, i tavknv n Iyvarn enos

sigyvn, riveotokda nas siys codndãas zoziv kye cloen di sigyvnkçn i hystoçn+

Das i}rastas, ncoen discvotas, istî rvaznda ~yi n Ykoãa Iyvarion dosrùi di daytvokn, rvacidoeiktas

i avgnkoxnçãa rnvn a caefnti na tivvavosea, i tnl caea n KNTA, a siy rnril ï nhydnv as

Istndas%eiefvas kn lytn caktvn a tivvavosea, sikda ns syns dicosùis tvnksjavendns ie

vicaeikdnçùis i rilas Istndas%eiefvas ndatndn rilns syns ligoslnçùis kncoaknos+

N Ykoãa Iyvarion tie yen zosãa istvntïgocn glafnl da caefnti na tivvavosea, dosrakda di i}ciliktis

eioas rnvn n nçãa caktvntivvavostn, dicodokda cvonv eidodns dijiksozns kas siys rvórvoas tivvotóvoas i

caeiçnkda n tiv cnrncodndis rnvn n lytn caktvn a tivvavosea ~yi lmi riveotovãa liznv n cnfa a rnril di

ntav oktivkncoaknl+




Isti okstvyeikta ridngógoca sigyi as caktiødas dijokodas ka rvagvn en dn d oscorlokn di Codndnk on i Eykda Ntyn l+

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