CỞ SỞ HÓA HỌC VẬT LIỆU POLYMER

8/6/2019 C S HA HC VT LIU POLYMER

1/20

I HC M A CHT KHOA DU KH B MN LC HA DU

N MN HC

C S HA HC POLYMER

SN XUT V CH BIN PVC

PHN ON TI CH VC

GIO VIN HNG DN : PHM QUANG NI

THC HIN SINH VIN : NGUYN VN HIPLp K51 Lc Ha Du Vng Tu

Vng Tu Ngy 22 thng 10 nm 2009


2/20

Phn I1) Vai tr ca VC trong i sng sinh hot v cng nghip ha cht2) Tc hi ca VC i vi mi trng v sc khe con ngi3) Mc ch ca qu trnh ti ch VC

Phn IINi dung c bn ca qu trnh ti ch VC

-----------------------------------------------------

Phn I:1) Vai tr ca VC trong i sng sinh hot v cng nghip ha cht

Nh chng ta bit VC c ng dng rt quan trng trong sinh hot v trong cng

nghip ha cht. VC l nhin liu iu ch PVC mt vt liu c ng dng rt caotrong cc ngnh cng nghip v sinh hot.

PVC c tng hp ln u tin vo nm 1920. Cng ngy vic ng dng PVCcho cc ngnh cng nghip cng pht trin rng nh:

- Lm v bc dy in- Cc thit b y t ( Ti ng mu, gng tay,huyt thanh ng,ng thng coroner - Trong Xy Dng ( sn tng, sn nh,mi nh,ca s,ng ng,chng thm)- Trong sinh hot ( ti ng, chi, giy dp,may mc)

2) Tc hi ca VC ti mi trng v sc khe con ngi

T lu vinyl clorua (VC) c bit n l mt cht gy ung th. Sn lng VCtrn th gii tng gn gp i trong vng 20 nm qua, hin nay t 27 triu tn/nmNhng nhng kt qu nghin cu mi y ang lm tng thm mi lo ngi v s nguyhim ca VC i vi sc khe v mi trng.

VC c thng mi ha ln u tin vo thp nin 1920. Nhng mi n thp ni1930, khi ngi ta pht minh ra cng ngh polyme ha VC thnh PVC th VC mi sn xut v s dng quy m ln.

u thp nin 1970, nhng kt qu nghin cu trn ng vt v bo co lm sng

cc bnh vin khng nh VC l mt cht gy ung th. V vy cc quy trnh sn xucng nh cc quy nh v an ton lao ng trong ngnh sn xut VC/PVC phi thayi rt nhiu. Hm lng VC trong nha PVC v cc sn phm PVC cng c giihn rt cht ch. Nh nhng bin php ny nn t l mc bnh sacom mch mu gan cc cng nhn lm vic vi VC gim xung n 0. Ngi ta tng rng vn v VC


3/20

c gii quyt. Tuy nhin, nhng pht hin v bnh hc, mi trng v ha sinh cho thy nhngkha cnh mi v th ha cht ny.

nhim mi trng: cc kho st v mi trng nhiu nc cho thy t, ncngm, ging nc gn cc bi chn lp ph thi cng nghip c hm lng VC cao.C nhng mu nc ngm cha n 12 mg VC/l, mt s mu t cha n 230 mgVC/m3. Do hot ng ca vi khun iu kin ym kh VC c th c hnh thnh tqu trnh kh halogen ca cc cht cloeten c clo ha mc cao

3) Mc ch ca qu trnh ti ch VCVC l hp cht rt kh phn hy v gy nhim mi trng rt ln. Ngoi ra ncn l mt s nguyn nhn gy mt s bnh ung th. trong qu trnh sn xut PVta khng th thi VC ra mi trng c v tc hi ca n. m bo cho mitrng v sc khe con ngi ta phi c bin php thu gom v ti ch VC v:

- Bo v mi trng- Bo v sc khe ca con ngi- Ti ch tip tc lm nhin liu sn xut

Phn II:Ni dung c bn ca qu trnh ti ch VC

Tun hon VCChc nng:

*Tp hp kh VC t trong qu trnh:- VC ko chuyn ha ht thnh PVC- Sn phm PVC cha lng rt nh VC*Nn v ha lng VC t ti s dngTun hon VC v thit b phn ng*Gii phng lng ti thiu VC t qu trnh ra

- Mi trng-Nc thi.


4/20

VC ti sinhV405

Ha LngVC

E403 E404

VGAE806

My nn HPVC

K401A-C

Thi KhV501

My nn LPVC

K402A-B

Li b bnnho

V502 C501

Loi bnc th

V803 C8

Mnmechn khng

K301

Bnh phnng

R301n

n s VC

TNG QUAN V QU TRNH TI CH VC

VC t ng x gm cc VC t thp sn xut PVC tha ra v cc tp cht nh nh tng, bnnho v cc xc tc v nc thi cn tch. VC ny t ng n van 2 ca:

Ca 1: n thp ti sinh monome chn khng K301. y cc phn t VC c tch vy sang my nn HPVC. Kh VC tha thit b phn ng R301n cng i ln K301 vthc hin qu trnh lc v y sang my nn.Ca 2: Cc VC sch c a thng n my nn kh HPVC.

Ti my nn, Kh t V501 do R301n cp y ln HPVC nn kh. C 2 ca ra:Ca trn: VC sch i ra thp ha lng VC

Ca di: nc thi v cc tapk c a n bnh loi nc thi V803 C801.VC ha lng trong E403 chuyn v V405 v i xung bnh lc nc thi. Cn VC ha lng E404 c chuyn sang b VGA E806. Ri a n thit b lc nc thi. VC c lc ncthi ri s i ln my nn PVC nhe( cc PVC cha tiu chun). Nguyn liu t thp loi

bn nho cng c chuyn t V502 C501 ln my nn ny


5/20

Qu trnh nn VC

2 h thng tch

- Cc my nn VC p sut cao- Cc my nn VC p sut thp- p sut thp/cao ph thuc p sut, p

sut thi ca mu

2 my nn cho mi cng vic/nhim v-HP:-LP:* 1 ci d phng

-K401C* Tng cng 5 my nnCc my nn vng lng 2 giai onSiemen.


6/20

kh VC

E-8

E 405

E-10

Ti 803

P-5P-6 P-9

P-14

V-1

V408V407

L

P

T

pH

Ti V803

Cat E

My nn VC cao pMy nn VC thp p

VC t cc dng qu trnha ti my tch

Tt c huyn ph v

nc c gi liv chuyn n thp

tch

My nn

c p lcthot l 6barg

L

P401

Cat E bm thmtrnh axit

Nhit nc bkhng c

Mc cht lng trbnh tch c

xung V803 nu c

Kh dn tiha lng

iu khin s quayvng trn my nn

p lc

CC MY NN VC

Ti E403

E408

V401V402

K401A-CK402A-C


7/20

Cc my nn HPNhn kh t:- Bnh Blowdown (V501)

- H thng chn ko (K301)- Kh x t thit b phn ng ( x theo ng

chn ko) p sut ht

-a dng- C th ln ti 3.5 bar (Sau HP)* Vn hnhYu cu v khi ng theo DSC khi:

- x/sut

- Chn khng n- X kh ti TBPU* Ngngv kt thc vn hnh

Khi p sut ca V501


8/20

My nn LPNhn kh t:- Bnh tch liu (V502)

- Thp tch ngng t (E503)- Thp tch nc thi (V803, E802)*p sut ht- Khng i- Hn p sut kh quyn mt cht (Sau LP)* Vn hnhLun hot ng bnh thng

- Tch bn: vn hnh ni tip- Thp tch nc thi: vn hnh ni tip

* Khi ng v ngng theo phng iukhinDCS s shutdown trong cc iu kin btthng.


9/20

Khi ng cc my nn Cc bc chnh v qtrinh kim tra ca HP v LP l

ging nhau.

- Khng th khi ng trong vng 3 pht k t khishutdown : chng ph hng ng c.- ng van x: vn hnh tun hon- Kim tra mc nc trong bnh tch (V408 hay

V407):khng khi ng nu khng t tiuchun

- Khi ng cc my nn hiu lc mt ln mt:thng thng dng 2 my

- i 1 pht nc bt (seal water) t vn tcdng 2m3/h:Tt mynu vn tc dng khng t

- i 2 pht p sut x tng: Tt my nu p

sut khng tng- M van x - hin ti ang pha ng- Kim tra cc iu kin, thso, shutdown nu khng

c


10/20

V408V407

L

F

FpH

TE405E408

Kh vo

Cat E

TIC

FIC

K401A CK402A - B

nh lng nc thpx dng my nn

Kh + Nc

Thm vo h tr Cat EQu trnh hp th CO2

tch t trongVC to s hi sinh

Cat E c trn thmkhi my nn chy

tng pH

MY NN CAO P VCMY NN H P VC

Mc cht lng trong bnh tch xtng theo qu trnh ngng t ca

hi nc trong kh VC

Mc cht trong bnh tch ckhng ch x x vo V803 nu cao

S dng nu

chdng

lm

Nhinkhn 45

VC X dng HCl vo nc bm gy n mn

H THNG NC BT

Nc lm mtCat EDMW

To V803


11/20

H thng seal water my nn

Cc in chnh khi vn hnh:

* Chun ha lu lng seal water, nu- qu thp, my nn ko t c p sut cnthit.

- qu cao, th tch nn b gim Chun ha nhit seal water, nu

- qu thp, VC s ngng t trong nc v sau bay hi trong my nn lm gim th tch

- qu cao, to mi nguy him ln hn v nmn v s tch ly c hi

* Chun ha mc seal water trong bnh tch

- qu thp, lu lng seal water ko - qu cao, nc sang cc bnh ha lng- Khi khi ng nu mc nc cao c th dnn hng hc* Thm cat Echo seal water, nu:

- qu thp, gy n mn v hng my nn- qu cao, lng ph vt liu


12/20

Bm chn khng K301

* Chc nng bm chn khng n

- Tch VC t cc bnh trc khi lu tr- Gim p trong TBPU trc khi x, chtrong mt vi mc .- X t my nn HP

* Chc nng chn khng tr- Tch cc kh tr t cc bnh sau khi lutr:bo m mc Oxy trong qu trnh lthp.- X n p sut kh quyn


13/20

V408V407

L

F

F pH

TE405E408

Kh vo

Cat E

TIC

FIC

K401A CK402A - B

nh lng nc thp xdng my nn

Kh + Nc

Thm vo h tr Cat EQu trnh hp th CO2 tch

t trongVC to s hi sinh

Cat E c trn thmkhi my nn chy

tng pH

MY NN CAO P VCMY NN H P VC

Mc cht lng trong bnh tch x tngtheo qu trnh ngng t ca hi nc

trong kh VC

Mc cht trong bnh tch c khng

ch x x vo V803 nu cao

S dng nu c

chydng n

mt

VC X dng HCl vo nc btm gy n mn d

H THNG NC BT

Nc lm mtCat E

DMW

To V803


14/20

Nitrogen p kh quyn

HOT NG CA BM CHN KHNG

Bm chn khng x hsut trong thit b phn t 1 atm n 0,05 atm tr

vng 30 pht

1. X p n my nn VC cao p2. Chuyn tip x vo my nn VCcao p3. Thi N 24. X t p xut kh quyn

K301

LM SCH BNH ( BNH PHN NG )

Nh qu trnh nhng ch x t

p kh quyn


15/20

I-2

E-4

M

My nn p cao

My nn p thp

Cht c ch ctrn vo kh tiu vo ca dngE403

P404

V40580 m3

A = 298 m2

Q = 825 kw

Nc lm lnh

C 95% VC cngng t trong E403

Nc b ngng t vi VCl tron Tank bt RVC

V412

V412 dng, VClng chy nVGA

c nhn bit nucht lng trong V412 xphi x bng tay tiV405 m bo VGAc vn hnh

Kh tr vngng ch

T

Khng ch p xut duy tr iu kinngng t

My phn tch kh oxy bohiu kh cao p i vo hthng

Nc c lmlnhA = 74 m2

Q = 148 kw

L

A

P

HA LNG VC

E403 E404

Ha lng VC


16/20

Cc im cn ch khi vn hnh: chun ha p sut vn hnh, nu:

- qu thp, ti v nhiu E404, qu nhiu VC nphn xng VGA.- Qu cao, gim th tch my nn* Cung cp lng nc lm mt cho E403

- qu thp, ti v nhiu E404, qu nhiu VC nphn xng VGA.

Cung cp nc c lm nng v nhit thch hp, nu qu thp:

*gim chc nng ca E404, qu nhiu VC n xngVGA. Gim thiu kh tr i vo h thng:

- Hm lng kh tr cao lm gim s ngng t VC,qu nhiu n VGA- My phn tch oxy cho kt qu mc cao (bnh

thng l 0,1%).- Lu lng ln sau E404 (F-43-17) vi nhit

chnh xc (T-43-46


17/20

Mc ch: VC, Oxy, nc v phn ng to sn phm VC Polyperoxide

(VCPP)

VCPP l mt cht rn khng n nh :*VCPP c th phn hy n VCPP to cc gc t do, nhng ci to polime, dn n to khi,

nguyn nhn to thi gian cht. Cht c ch ph hy cc gc t do, ngn chn qu trnh polyme

ha. Cc bin php khc nhm chng to VCPP;

- thit b lm sch thch hp- my nn ht vi p sut p sut kh quyn- Thm cat E cho my nn seal water- Chun ha nhit my nn seal water

S dng: Cht c ch c bm vo pha trong E403 bao ph Tubesheet

Cht c ch chy vo RVC ngn nga s polyme ha y. Lng cht c ch thm vo phi c iu chnh t mcchun trong RVC (20ppm).

Qu nhiu cht c ch (.50ppm) s lm chm cc phn ng. Qu t cht c c (


18/20

T H P T C H N C T H I

Nc c lm sch VC

t

V803t hu gom nc

N c hi lu trong khi khi ng

Nc lm lnh

Lu lng cpnh m c2m3/h

Lng ngng t h

Nc c lm n vng lng th

- V405(RVC tank)- V408(HP VC Comp)- V407(LP VC Com p)

- V303(Vac Pump)- P401(V401/V402)- E806(V G A)

- Lm m cho nhin l iu n nht i C80 1- Mt vi VC bc chy- M c cao t rong V80 3chuynxung cc phn xng cung cpw w s

V8032.4 m3

P801

S801H i

X

T i V40 2

E802

C801ng knh0.3mChia lm2 on ngphc hp

N c ln tp cht VC

Lc tch cn trnhng khi trong C80 1


19/20

Thp tch nc thi

* Nhng im cn ch khi vn hnh

- Cung cp lng nc n nh cho ct- Cng p sut vi my nn - ht LP- S chuyn sang ch Standby nu mc (nc, hacht) trong 803 thp. DCS s t ng khi ng khimc cht lng tng.* Lu lng hi n C801- qu thp tch khng trit , VC ln vo nc x.- qu cao lng ph nng lng, c th dn n ngpthp* Thit b lc nc thi S801- Tch vt cht >2mm t C801

- Trnh to khi, ng dn to thi gian cht di- Nu S801 b to khi dn n tc, dng cp nguynliu vo C801


20/20

ng x VC

Chc nng: Ty u khi thit b cha VC- VD: cc bm VC, cc thit b lc VC- Thit b c kt ni bng tay n ng x

theo yu cu. Thu thp nhng th tch nh VC lng- Cung cp th tch VC lng ph hp flash

off- di 10m ca ng NB 250mm

Kt ni vi K301:-bm chn khng s dng ty u trc khilu tr Kt ni Nito:-s dng cho vic lm sch

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CỞ SỞ HÓA HỌC VẬT LIỆU POLYMER