8/17/2019 Coldwar-2

1/18

 

The Cold War Era

Sputnik and Beyond

8/17/2019 Coldwar-2

2/18

 

The Cold War 

• Threat of the spread of

Communism led to

 policy of containment• US declared to take

what ever economic

and military means

necessary to stop the

spread of communism

8/17/2019 Coldwar-2

3/18

 

 Political Economy

• 1929-Stock arket

Crash

• !rosperity followin"the end of #$#$%% in

19&' led to more

consumerism

• Communist scare let to

cCarthy hearin"s

8/17/2019 Coldwar-2

4/18

 

Threat of Communism

• US declared to take

what ever economic

and military meansnecessary to stop

the spread of

communism 

• Known as “policy of

containment”

8/17/2019 Coldwar-2

5/18

 

(octrine of )irst Use

• US stockpiled

nuclear weapons in

order to initiatenuclear bombing

whenever enemy

forces threatened

America

8/17/2019 Coldwar-2

6/18

 

 Red Scare

• * near hysteria was

created in the late &+,s

and '+,s with hearin"sled y

.oseph cCarthy 

accusin" people of

 elon"in" to theCommunist !arty

http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/cold.war/kbank/profiles/mccarthy/http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/cold.war/kbank/profiles/mccarthy/

8/17/2019 Coldwar-2

7/18 

 DuBois Accused of Communism

• (etail of photo taken

in 19'1 of

!hiladelphiacommunists protestin"

the detention of

#$/$B$ (uBois$ The

 picket si"n reads0

• )*/-U! 3 45U

*4 B/ 6/7T

8/17/2019 Coldwar-2

8/18 

Spies and Espionage

• .ulius and /thel

osener"

• U$S$ communists whowere e8ecuted in

19' for passin" on

nuclear secrets to the

Soviet Union$

8/17/2019 Coldwar-2

9/18 

 More Spies

 F rancis ary Po!ers 

• U$S$ *ir )orce U-2 pilotwho was shot down whileon a surveillance mission

over the Soviet Union$

• Sentenced to 1+ years incaptivity ut

served only two efore he

was released to the UnitedStates in a spy e8chan"efor Soviet spy udolph*el$

8/17/2019 Coldwar-2

10/18

 

 "deology

• cCarthyism

• eritocracy

• Social oility

• *nticommunism

• /ducation for national

interest• Corporate lieralism

Joseph McCarthy (1908-1957),

anti-Communist crusader 

8/17/2019 Coldwar-2

11/18

 

Sputni# 

• )irst artificial /arthsatellite: it was

launched y oscowin 19'; and sparkedU$S$ fears of Sovietdominance in

technolo"y and outerspace$ %t led to thecreation of 6*S* andthe space race$

8/17/2019 Coldwar-2

12/18

 

Schooling 

  $ad %S Schools Failed&

• This launch of Sputnik

alarmed the *merican

 pulic and made themthink that their schools

had failed to teach

science and math$

8/17/2019 Coldwar-2

13/18

 

Shift in Curriculum

• illions of dollars

were allocated for

up"radin" the teachin"of science and math

• Schools introduced

trackin": differentiated

curriculum: and %<

testin"

8/17/2019 Coldwar-2

14/18

 

 'ames Conant and the SAT 

• .ames Conant: president

of =arvard: saw the need

to develop a valid measure

of academic aptitude to

ensure o>ectivity in

determinin" scholarship

eli"iility

•  (ecided on the Scholastic

*ptitude Test ?S*T@

• Click to read interview

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/sats/interviews/lemann.htmlhttp://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/sats/interviews/lemann.html

8/17/2019 Coldwar-2

15/18

 

Comprehensive High Schools

• Conant elieved that scholarships andaccelerated classes would encoura"e the

intellectually "ifted• =e elieved that vocational classes should

meet the needs of the Aless academically

ale$• *dvocated lar"er hi"h schools to serve oth

types of students$

8/17/2019 Coldwar-2

16/18

 

Schooling for Social Cohesion

• Conant elieved that

 puttin" the

academically "iftedstudents in schools

with the vocational

students would foster

a "reater sense ofdemocracy$

8/17/2019 Coldwar-2

17/18

8/17/2019 Coldwar-2

18/18

 

Conclusion

• The focus of educational concern shifted

from realiDin" the all around "rowth of

students to promotin" political: economic:and social staility$

• * small "roup of Atalented students were

 provided true intellectual challen"es$