COMENIUS COMENIUS 3rd meeting, 3rd meeting, June 2010June 2010

Prywatne Gimnazjum nr 2, Prywatne Prywatne Gimnazjum nr 2, Prywatne Liceum Ogólnokształcące nr 1 w Liceum Ogólnokształcące nr 1 w

PiaseczniePiasecznie

Our environment.Our environment.

Comparing our resources.Comparing our resources.

WATER AND WATER AND AGRICULTUREAGRICULTURE

Group IGroup I

WATERWATER

Fresh waterFresh water

Fresh water in SpainFresh water in Spain• 1 800 rivers and streams1 800 rivers and streams

6 6 main rivers:main rivers:

1.Tagus(Tajo) - 1.Tagus(Tajo) - 1,0381,038km.km.

2.Ebro - 910km.2.Ebro - 910km.

3.Douro(Duero) – 897km.3.Douro(Duero) – 897km.

4.Guadiana(Odiana) – 4.Guadiana(Odiana) – 742km.742km.

5.5. Guadalquivir – 657km.Guadalquivir – 657km.

6.Minho(Mino)-340km.6.Minho(Mino)-340km.

RomaniaRomania• Danube-second longest Danube-second longest

river in Europe–1 river in Europe–1 075km.075km.

• Mures-761km.Mures-761km.

• Prut-742km.Prut-742km.

• Over 3 400 lakes. The Over 3 400 lakes. The biggest are:biggest are:

1.The Red lake1.The Red lake

2.Lake2.Lake St. AnaSt. Ana

3.3.Lake BucuraLake Bucura

BulgariaBulgaria

No large and deep lakesNo large and deep lakes

Dams:Dams:

1.Iskyr1.Iskyr dam dam

2.Studen kladenetz2.Studen kladenetz

3.Dospat3.Dospat

4.Shiroka Polyana4.Shiroka Polyana

PolandPoland• Vistula-1047km.Vistula-1047km.

• Oder-854km.Oder-854km.

• Warta-808km.Warta-808km.

• Masuria Lakes DistrictMasuria Lakes District

FranceFrance• Three main rivers:Three main rivers:

1.The Seine1.The Seine

2.The Loire2.The Loire

3.The Rhone3.The Rhone

Salty waterSalty waterRomania – The Salt Romania – The Salt

Lake, The Black SeaLake, The Black SeaSpain – Atlantic Ocean, Spain – Atlantic Ocean,

Alboran Sea, Alboran Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Balearic SeaBalearic Sea

Poland – Baltic SeaPoland – Baltic SeaLithuania – Baltic Sea Lithuania – Baltic Sea

and Curonian Lagoonand Curonian LagoonFrance – Mediterranean France – Mediterranean

Sea, Atlantic Ocean (Bay Sea, Atlantic Ocean (Bay of Biscay)of Biscay)

Short water resourcesShort water resourcesPoland – not enough water Poland – not enough water

because of reduced because of reduced rainfalls and falling treesrainfalls and falling trees

France - not enough water France - not enough water as wellas well

Lithuania and Romania – Lithuania and Romania – no increased risk from the no increased risk from the lack of waterlack of water

Spain - resources Spain - resources diminished dramaticallydiminished dramatically

Bulgaria – one of the Bulgaria – one of the poorest countries in Europe poorest countries in Europe into waterinto water

Water for Water for lifelife

o All living All living organisms need organisms need water to livewater to live

o No water = no No water = no lifelife

Saving waterSaving water

Saving waterSaving water

Saving waterSaving water

Saving waterSaving water

Saving waterSaving water

Saving waterSaving water

Saving waterSaving water

Saving waterSaving water

Saving waterSaving water

Saving waterSaving water

Saving waterSaving water

Soo CuteeSoo Cutee

AgricultureAgriculture

Importance of agricultureImportance of agricultureIt provides us with food!It provides us with food!

It provides us with materials for clothing and shelterIt provides us with materials for clothing and shelter

About half the world’s workers are employed in About half the world’s workers are employed in agricultureagriculture

Agricultural AreaAgricultural Area• Poland – 45%Poland – 45%• Bulgaria - 59%Bulgaria - 59%• France -35%France -35%• Romania - Romania - 44%44%• Spain -40%Spain -40%• Lithuania – 45%Lithuania – 45%

Main agriculture productsMain agriculture products

• Poland: potatoes, wheat, pork, beef, strawberries, Poland: potatoes, wheat, pork, beef, strawberries, apples, black currantapples, black currant

• Lithuania: wheat, oats, buckwheat, barleyLithuania: wheat, oats, buckwheat, barley

• Bulgaria: essential oils, fruits, vegetables, wheatBulgaria: essential oils, fruits, vegetables, wheat

• France: wheat, cereals, sugar beets, potatoes, France: wheat, cereals, sugar beets, potatoes, wine grapeswine grapes

• Romania: soy beans, sugar beats, wheat and oats, Romania: soy beans, sugar beats, wheat and oats, corn, barley corn, barley

• Spain: grain, vegetables, olives, wine grapes, Spain: grain, vegetables, olives, wine grapes, sugar beets, citrus, fishsugar beets, citrus, fish

Saving water in agricultureSaving water in agriculture• New technologiesNew technologies• Re-using grey waterRe-using grey water• Growing cotton and riceGrowing cotton and rice

Thanks for your attention!Thanks for your attention!

ENERGYENERGYGroup 2

Non-renewable energyNon-renewable energy

Natural resource which cannot be produced, grown, Natural resource which cannot be produced, grown, generated, or used on a scale generated, or used on a scale

Tipes of non-renewable energy in each country:Tipes of non-renewable energy in each country:

• Poland – coal, lignit, oil, natural gasPoland – coal, lignit, oil, natural gas

• Romania - uranium, nuclear, coal, oil, natural gas Romania - uranium, nuclear, coal, oil, natural gas

• Lithuania – coal, oil, natural gas, nuclear power, oil shale Lithuania – coal, oil, natural gas, nuclear power, oil shale and tar sands.and tar sands.

• Bulgaria – oil, natural gas, uranium, coal.Bulgaria – oil, natural gas, uranium, coal.

• Spain – oil, natural gas, coal, nuclear powerSpain – oil, natural gas, coal, nuclear power

• France – oil, natural gas, nuclear power, coal.France – oil, natural gas, nuclear power, coal.

RENEWABLE ENERGYRENEWABLE ENERGY

• Energy which comes from natural resources such as Energy which comes from natural resources such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, and geothermal heatsunlight, wind, rain, tides, and geothermal heat

• Types of renewable energy in each country:Types of renewable energy in each country:

• Poland-renewable: wind, solar energy, hydro, geothermalPoland-renewable: wind, solar energy, hydro, geothermal

• Lithuania – solar, wind, hydro, biomass, geothermallLithuania – solar, wind, hydro, biomass, geothermall

• Romania - wind, hydro, solar power, biomassRomania - wind, hydro, solar power, biomass

• Bulgaria-wind, solar, hydro, geothermalBulgaria-wind, solar, hydro, geothermal

• Spain – wind, solar, ocean Spain – wind, solar, ocean

• France-wind, solar, biomass, hydroFrance-wind, solar, biomass, hydro

Renewable energiesRenewable energies

Wind energyWind energy

Solar energySolar energy

Water energyWater energy

Geothermal heatGeothermal heat

BiomassBiomass

RATE OF USE OF NON-RATE OF USE OF NON-RENEWABLE ENERGY IN EACH RENEWABLE ENERGY IN EACH

COUNTRYCOUNTRY• Lithuania – 94%Lithuania – 94%• Romania Romania – 76%– 76%• BulgariaBulgaria-- 8181%%• Spain Spain –– 94% 94%• Poland – 93%Poland – 93%• France – 79%France – 79%

RRate of use of renewable energiesate of use of renewable energies

Bulgaria – Bulgaria – 19%19%

France – France – 21%21%

Lithuania – Lithuania – 6% 6%

Poland – Poland – 7%7%

Romania – Romania – 24%24%

Spain – Spain – 6%6%

Import and Import and eexport in each xport in each countrcountryy

BulgariaBulgaria• Bulgaria imports over 70 percent of the fuel required Bulgaria imports over 70 percent of the fuel required

for energy production and is interested in for energy production and is interested in developing indigenous resources.developing indigenous resources.

• Bulgaria covers 40-50 percent of southeast Bulgaria covers 40-50 percent of southeast Europe's entire electricity deficit every winter. Europe's entire electricity deficit every winter.

• It also exports electricity to Turkey and even to It also exports electricity to Turkey and even to Romania. Italy and Greece are negotiating a transit Romania. Italy and Greece are negotiating a transit agreement which will permit the former to import agreement which will permit the former to import Bulgarian electricity through the latter's territory.Bulgarian electricity through the latter's territory.

FranceFrance

• FRANCEFRANCE is the world’s largest net exporter of is the world’s largest net exporter of electricity due to is very low cost of production, electricity due to is very low cost of production, and gains over 3 billion Euro per year from this. and gains over 3 billion Euro per year from this.

• Over the last decade France has exported 80 Over the last decade France has exported 80 TWh net each year, and EDF ( Electricité De TWh net each year, and EDF ( Electricité De France) expects exports to continue at 65-70 France) expects exports to continue at 65-70 TWh per year to Belgium, Germany, Italy, Spain, TWh per year to Belgium, Germany, Italy, Spain, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Switzerland and United Kingdom. `̀

• France import very little amount of energy. France import very little amount of energy.

LithuaniaLithuania• LITHUANIALITHUANIA’s electricity ’s electricity

production once exceeded 12 production once exceeded 12 GWh per year, and internal GWh per year, and internal consumption exceeded 9,6 consumption exceeded 9,6 GWh per year. Electricity GWh per year. Electricity surplus was exported. surplus was exported.

• The share of renewable energy The share of renewable energy resources in the total fuel resources in the total fuel balance increased to almost balance increased to almost 20%. Lithuania importing now 20%. Lithuania importing now electricity mainly from Russia, electricity mainly from Russia, and from Poland, Sweden, and from Poland, Sweden, Belarus, Belarus, UkraineUkraine and Latvia. and Latvia.

PolandPoland

• Being the largest hard coal producer in the EU, Being the largest hard coal producer in the EU, POLANDPOLAND’s ’s energy import dependency is among the lowest in the EU. energy import dependency is among the lowest in the EU.

• Agreement has been reached on a “power bridge” with Agreement has been reached on a “power bridge” with Lithuania and there are plans for involvement in a new nuclear Lithuania and there are plans for involvement in a new nuclear power plant. Poland is a net electricity exporter ( over 11 GWh power plant. Poland is a net electricity exporter ( over 11 GWh per year ) and was the only EU country to became import per year ) and was the only EU country to became import independent in the electricity sector.independent in the electricity sector.

RomaniaRomania• Romania exported non - renewable energy to Greece, Romania exported non - renewable energy to Greece,

Turkey, HungaryTurkey, Hungary, , (600 MW monthly in 2008, 180 MW (600 MW monthly in 2008, 180 MW monthly in 2009, because of the world’s crisis).monthly in 2009, because of the world’s crisis).

• Romania import non- renewable energy from Ukraine - 15 Romania import non- renewable energy from Ukraine - 15 MW monthly in 2008. From 2009 the export stopped, being MW monthly in 2008. From 2009 the export stopped, being a political exchange. Romania has an important excess of a political exchange. Romania has an important excess of production.production.

SpainSpain• SPAINSPAIN strongly depends on strongly depends on

energy imports, while energy imports, while domestic production is main domestic production is main related to nuclear energy. related to nuclear energy.

• Oil ( imported mainly from Oil ( imported mainly from Arabian countries and Arabian countries and Nigeria) and natural gas Nigeria) and natural gas dominate Spain’s primary dominate Spain’s primary energy supply, with an energy supply, with an aggregate 67% of total. aggregate 67% of total.

• Spain importing over 11,5 Spain importing over 11,5 TWh per year from France.TWh per year from France.

Environment problems connected Environment problems connected with non-renewable resourceswith non-renewable resources

• CoalCoal Natural Gas Natural Gas Oil Oil

Uranium

Greenhouse EffectGreenhouse Effect• The greenhouse effect is important. Without the greenhouse The greenhouse effect is important. Without the greenhouse

effect, the Earth would not be warm enough for humans to effect, the Earth would not be warm enough for humans to live. But if the greenhouse effect becomes stronger, it could live. But if the greenhouse effect becomes stronger, it could make the Earth warmer than usual. Even a little extra make the Earth warmer than usual. Even a little extra warming may cause problems for humans, plants, and warming may cause problems for humans, plants, and animals.animals.

• Global warming, a recent warming of the Earth's surface Global warming, a recent warming of the Earth's surface and lower atmosphere, is believed to be the result of a and lower atmosphere, is believed to be the result of a strengthening of the greenhouse effect mostly due to strengthening of the greenhouse effect mostly due to human-produced increases in atmospheric human-produced increases in atmospheric greenhouse greenhouse gases.gases.

What it is?What it is?

• It’It’s rain or any other form of s rain or any other form of precipitation that is unusually acidicprecipitation that is unusually acidic..

What do the acid rain What do the acid rain produce?produce?

• Emissions of chemicalsEmissions of chemicals• Emissions of volcano Emissions of volcano

dustdust• AAcidification of lakes cidification of lakes • DDamage of trees amage of trees

What are the What are the consequences?consequences?

• Soil being Soil being destroyeddestroyed

• Forrest being Forrest being „burned”„burned”

• Animals dyingAnimals dying

How to prevent it?How to prevent it?• In some countries there are special gas In some countries there are special gas

filters that prevent geting the sulphur filters that prevent geting the sulphur dioxide to the atmospheredioxide to the atmosphere

Different ways of saving Different ways of saving energyenergy

• Home appliancesHome appliances

• Home Heating and CoolingHome Heating and Cooling

• Small investments that pay offSmall investments that pay off

• Getting around Getting around

• Reduce, reuse, recycleReduce, reuse, recycle

• Home ImprovementsHome Improvements

• Business and communityBusiness and community

The development of a country is The development of a country is always directly proportional to its always directly proportional to its

natural resources. natural resources.

=

Lithuania is known for complete dependence on Russian oil and gas supplies, absence of electricity grid integration with Western Europe and lag of climate change policies

Lithuania is expected to bring forward own national framework on renewable energy development.

Electricity production in Poland is based on big producers that use for electricity production fossil fuels or nuclear energy.

In Polish conditions heat is produced from solar energy using solar collectors as well as from low temperature heat of soil and water using heat pumps, from geothermal energy or from fired or co-fired biomass.

Bulgaria is one of the top countries identified for wind energy development.

Despite limited legal and economical framework, Bulgaria has tremendous wind energy potential and state-of-the-art wind data supporting development.

The energy produced by France is making it a very important producer in Europe.

78.1% were produced by nuclear power generation. 11.1% were produced by hydroelectric power

generation 9.5% were produced by fossil fuel power generation. 3.9% by coal power. 1.1% by natural gas power. 1.8% by other fossil fuel generation.

Spain is one of the most attractive countries with regard to the development of solar energy, as it has the greatest amount of available sunshine of any country in Europe.

Spain is the fourth largest manufacturer in the world of solar power technology and exports 80 percent of this output to Germany.

Romania's economy is currently in transition from a 'command' economy to a market driven economy.

At present, the energy sector is At present, the energy sector is characterized by: characterized by:

•The scale of co-generation The scale of co-generation plants for urban heatingplants for urban heating

•The extensive use of coal-fired The extensive use of coal-fired installations for power and installations for power and heating generation systemsheating generation systems

•Use hydroelectric power plants Use hydroelectric power plants and potential for strong and potential for strong development in this sector development in this sector

•Nuclear energy provision from Nuclear energy provision from the Romanian/Canadian the Romanian/Canadian Cernavoda plant .Cernavoda plant .

Members of our teamMembers of our team

• Denisse Denisse

• Andreea Andreea

• Evelinka cud Evelinka cud dziewczynkadziewczynka

• MaciekMaciek

• VictorVictor

• JuanJuan

• KrzyśKrzyś

• JolitaJolita

• DilyanaDilyana

• MagdaMagda

• JohannaJohanna

• OskarOskar

• NataliaNatalia

Forests andForests and fresh air fresh air

Group 3Group 3

ForestsForests

Why are forests important for our Why are forests important for our planet?planet?

Trees produce OxygenTrees produce Oxygen Trees Clean the SoilTrees Clean the Soil Trees Control Noise PollutionTrees Control Noise Pollution Trees Slow Storm Water RunoffTrees Slow Storm Water Runoff Trees Are Carbon SinksTrees Are Carbon Sinks Trees Clean the AirTrees Clean the Air Trees Shade and CoolTrees Shade and Cool Trees Act as WindbreaksTrees Act as Windbreaks Trees Fight Soil ErosionTrees Fight Soil Erosion Trees Increase Property ValuesTrees Increase Property Values

What surface of forests is there in What surface of forests is there in our countries?our countries?

Poland - 29 % (90 thousand sq km)Poland - 29 % (90 thousand sq km) Spain - 30 % (151 thousand sq km)Spain - 30 % (151 thousand sq km) Bulgaria - 33 % (33,3 thousand sq km)Bulgaria - 33 % (33,3 thousand sq km) France - 26 % (175,5 thousand sq km) France - 26 % (175,5 thousand sq km) Lithuania - 33 % (21 thousand sq km)Lithuania - 33 % (21 thousand sq km) Romania - 26 % (62 thousand sq km)Romania - 26 % (62 thousand sq km)

SimilaritesSimilarites

On low highs are On low highs are - o- oak, ak, beech, birch, willow, beech, birch, willow, maple, chestnut, maple, chestnut, hornbeam - deciduous hornbeam - deciduous forests to 1500 m.forests to 1500 m.

Fir, pine, spruce - Fir, pine, spruce - coniferous forestsconiferous forests

Juniper - shrubs in Juniper - shrubs in highest placeshighest places

Why can they be in danger?Why can they be in danger?

About 80% of the world's About 80% of the world's

known biodiversity could known biodiversity could

be found in tropical be found in tropical

rainforestsrainforests

Deforestation by man:Deforestation by man:

Burning forestsBurning forests

Logging for fuel or as Logging for fuel or as

a commoditya commodity

SolutionsSolutions

Reforestation- restocking of Reforestation- restocking of

existing forests and existing forests and

woodlands which have been woodlands which have been

depleteddepleted

It can be used to:It can be used to: Soak up Soak up

pollution and dust from the pollution and dust from the

airair,,Rebuild natural habitats Rebuild natural habitats

and ecosystemsand ecosystems,,Mitigate Mitigate

global warmingglobal warming,,Harvest for Harvest for

resourcesresources

Law’s regulations in the EULaw’s regulations in the EUEU makes three law actsEU makes three law acts::

- Ordinance (It concerns all countries affiliated in EU)- Ordinance (It concerns all countries affiliated in EU) - Directive (Some kind of idea of EU. It indicates european policy)- Directive (Some kind of idea of EU. It indicates european policy) - Decision (It is adressed to one government or notgovernmental - Decision (It is adressed to one government or notgovernmental

organiorganisation)sation)

Tasks of EU:Tasks of EU:

- Is creating projects to give money to forests.- Is creating projects to give money to forests. - Is controling costs of wood.- Is controling costs of wood. - Is creating special areas of protection.- Is creating special areas of protection. - Decided that person who destroys f.e. forest has to pay for that.- Decided that person who destroys f.e. forest has to pay for that. - Is regulating law connected with wild animals and plants.- Is regulating law connected with wild animals and plants.

Fresh airFresh air

Definition of the fresh air and Definition of the fresh air and pollution of the airpollution of the air

Fresh air - „TFresh air - „The air with a normal he air with a normal composition, which includes nitrogen, composition, which includes nitrogen, oxygen, argon, carbon dioxide, neon, oxygen, argon, carbon dioxide, neon, hydrogen, helium, krypton, xenonhydrogen, helium, krypton, xenon.”.”

Air pollutionAir pollution - - „„ TThe contamination of air he contamination of air with noxious gases and minute with noxious gases and minute particles of both liquid and solid particles of both liquid and solid

matter in concentrations that not only matter in concentrations that not only alter its quality but also endanger alter its quality but also endanger

healthhealth..””

Definition of the fresh air and pollution of the air

Main causes of air pollutionMain causes of air pollution

Natural:Natural:

Carbon monoxide Carbon monoxide

MethaneMethane

RadonRadon

Erupting volcanoes Erupting volcanoes

(sulphur, chlorine)(sulphur, chlorine)

AnthropogenicAnthropogenic::

Fuel burningFuel burning

Manufacturing facilitiesManufacturing facilities

Chemicals used in Chemicals used in

agriculture and forestry agriculture and forestry

managementmanagement

Nitrogen dioxideNitrogen dioxide

Main causes of air pollution

Consequences of the pollution of the Consequences of the pollution of the airair

MMajor health problems.ajor health problems. Destroying of the Destroying of the

natural ecosystemsnatural ecosystems Ozone layerOzone layer

SolutionsSolutions

Try using more paper bags.Try using more paper bags. Try to use minimum amounts of natural gas and even Try to use minimum amounts of natural gas and even

electricity. Whenever possible, avoid the use of air electricity. Whenever possible, avoid the use of air

conditioner and use a fan instead. conditioner and use a fan instead. Always buy recycled products.Always buy recycled products. Reuse things such as paper and plastic bags. This will Reuse things such as paper and plastic bags. This will

contribute a lot towards reducing the consequences of air contribute a lot towards reducing the consequences of air

pollution and global warming.pollution and global warming. Using more bycicles than cars, which is beneficial not only Using more bycicles than cars, which is beneficial not only

for the environment, but also for our health.for the environment, but also for our health.

Law’s regulations in the EULaw’s regulations in the EU

Tackling air pollutantsTackling air pollutants Sixth Environment Sixth Environment

Action Programme Action Programme (EAP)(EAP)

European Council European Council legistation legistation

Clean Air For Europe Clean Air For Europe (CAFE)(CAFE)

OUR TEAM:OUR TEAM:

Ana-Maria Sora and Maciek KubrakAna-Maria Sora and Maciek Kubrak

Miriam Gonzalez and Zosia KreczmańskaMiriam Gonzalez and Zosia Kreczmańska

Prescillia Roman and Karolina RatajczykPrescillia Roman and Karolina Ratajczyk

Jonas Vinauskas and Marek SkrzyniarzJonas Vinauskas and Marek Skrzyniarz

Dominykas Kizys and Maciek DomaradzkiDominykas Kizys and Maciek Domaradzki

Todor Aivazov and Marysia and Mikołaj DerentowiczTodor Aivazov and Marysia and Mikołaj Derentowicz

Kosta Kyuchukov and Julian PrzybylskiKosta Kyuchukov and Julian Przybylski